FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Steinhorst, K Copeland, T Ackerman, MW Schrader, WC Anderson, EC AF Steinhorst, Kirk Copeland, Timothy Ackerman, Michael W. Schrader, William C. Anderson, Eric C. TI Abundance estimates and confidence intervals for the run composition of returning salmonids SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; LOWER GRANITE DAM; SNAKE RIVER; STEELHEAD AB In 2-stage fishery sampling, abundance is often estimated by using a primary sampling gear and total abundance is then partitioned into groups of interest by applying data on composition derived from a secondary sampling gear. However, the literature is sparse on statistical properties of estimates of run composition. We examined the accuracy and precision of estimators of composition of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Snake River, in the Pacific Northwest. We simulated estimators, using pooled and time-stratified data. We compared confidence intervals (CIs) determined on the basis of asymptotical normality or a 2-stage bootstrap method. Stratified estimators were unbiased, except in a few cases. Joint CIs (all groups considered simultaneously) had coverages near nominal. Conversely, pooled estimators performed poorly; the proportion of biased estimates increased as the number of groups estimated increased. Using empirical data, we show that CIs met precision goals for most groups. Half-widths of CIs decreased and stabilized as the number sampled and group abundance increased. In complex scenarios, estimates of small groups will yield poor precision and some may be biased, but a stratified estimate with a conservative joint CI can be of practical use. The 2-step bootstrap approach is flexible and can incorporate other sources of variability or sampling constraints. C1 [Steinhorst, Kirk] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat Sci, 415A Brink Hall,875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Copeland, Timothy; Schrader, William C.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1414 East Locust Lane, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. [Ackerman, Michael W.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle Fish Genet Lab, 1800 Trout Rd, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Copeland, T (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1414 East Locust Lane, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. EM tim.copeland@idfg.idaho.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [1990-055-00, 1991-073-00, 2010-026-00] FX Funding for this project was provided by Bonneville Power Administration under project numbers 1990-055-00, 1991-073-00, and 2010-026-00. M. Campbell reviewed earlier drafts of this article. We gratefully acknowledge the thorough critiques given by 3 anonymous reviewers. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.7755/FB.115.1.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO2LN UT WOS:000396528100001 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Campbell, MD Hannan, KM Hoffmayer, ER Jones, CM Jones, LM Pollack, AG AF Driggers, William B., III Campbell, Matthew D. Hannan, Kristin M. Hoffmayer, Eric R. Jones, Christian M. Jones, Lisa M. Pollack, Adam G. TI Influence of bait type on catch rates of predatory fish species on bottom longline gear in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZED DIET COMPOSITIONS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SHARK BYCATCH; RED DRUM; LOPHOLATILUS-CHAMAELEONTICEPS; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATA; TROPHIC LEVELS; HOOK; SEA; MORTALITY AB Identifying effective methods of reducing shark bycatch in hook-based fisheries has received little attention despite reports of declines in some shark populations. Previously proposed shark bycatch mitigation measures include gear modifications, time and area closures, avoidance of areas with high shark abundance, use of repellents, and use of specific bait types. Regardless of the method of shark bycatch reduction, knowledge of the effects of the chosen method on the catch rates of targeted fish species should be understood. To examine the effects of bait type on catch rates of sharks and teleosts on bottom longline gear, standardized gear was deployed with bait alternating between Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and northern shortfin squid (Illex illecebrosus). For all shark species examined, except the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), a preference for hooks baited with Atlantic mackerel was observed. Commercially and recreationally important teleosts had no significant preference for a specific bait, with the exception of the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), which had a significant preference for hooks baited with northern shortfin squid. Bait preference decreased as total catch rate increased on individual longline sets. Our results point to the use of specific baits as a viable method to reduce shark catch rates without decreasing catches of targeted teleosts. C1 [Driggers, William B., III; Campbell, Matthew D.; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Jones, Christian M.; Jones, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Hannan, Kristin M.; Pollack, Adam G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Riverside Technol Inc, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.7755/FB.115.1.5 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO2LN UT WOS:000396528100005 ER PT J AU Mace, MM Rozas, LP AF Mace, Marvin M., III Rozas, Lawrence P. TI Population dynamics and secondary production of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) along an estuarine salinity gradient SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NURSERY-ROLE HYPOTHESIS; MARSH VEGETATION TYPES; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NATURAL MORTALITY; MARINE NURSERIES; NORTH-CAROLINA; GALVESTON BAY; SALT MARSHES AB We used estimates of shrimp density, growth, mortality, and secondary production during an 84-d sampling period to compare the value of nursery habitat for juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) among 3 salinity zones (intermediate, brackish, and saline zones) within Sabine Lake, an estuary of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Density, growth, mortality, and secondary production were generally higher in the saline or brackish zones and lowest in the intermediate zone. The saline and brackish zones appeared to provide the most important nursery habitat on a per- area basis, but the intermediate zone also may contribute substantially to total shrimp production; although production in the intermediate zone was modest, this zone encompasses a relatively large portion (26%) of coastal wetlands in Louisiana. The relative value of nursery areas can be dynamic; variation occurs both spatially (e.g.,within an estuary and among estuaries) and temporally (e.g., from year to year). We documented within-estuary differences (i.e., differences among salinity zones within the estuary) in the value of nursery habitat for white shrimp in Sabine Lake and expect this value, especially in the intermediate zone, to vary interannually. The dynamic nature of habitats should be considered when assessing the value of estuarine nursery areas. C1 [Mace, Marvin M., III] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Mace, MM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM marvin.mace.iii@gmail.com FU Wetland Foundation; SEFSC FX We thank S. Hillen and J. Salas of the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center's (SEFSC) Galveston Laboratory; L. Broussard, S. Beck, and D. O'Malley of Louisiana State University; A. Cummings of the SEFSC Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana; and J. C. Robichaux and J. Thompson of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for help collecting and processing samples. We would also like to thank D. Richard at Stream Wetland Services, Lake Charles, Louisiana, for helping to locate sites and for providing lodging, the staff at Murphree Wildlife Management Area for providing lodging, and the staff of the Texas Point National Wildlife Refuge for access to one of our field sites. We thank P. Caldwell for conducting the GIS analysis needed to weight the length-frequency distributions and for creating Figure 1. A teaching assistantship from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, the Rockefeller Wildlife Scholarship, the Coastal Conservation Association/Ted Beaulieu Sr. Scholarship, a research grant from the Wetland Foundation, and the SEFSC provided funding for this project. We also thank T. Minello and 3 anonymous reviewers whose comments improved this article. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 1 BP 74 EP 88 DI 10.7755/FB.115.1.7 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO2LN UT WOS:000396528100007 ER PT J AU Bradford, AL Forney, KA Oleson, EM Barlow, J AF Bradford, Amanda L. Forney, Karin A. Oleson, Erin M. Barlow, Jay TI Abundance estimates of cetaceans from a line-transect survey within the US Hawaiian Islands Exclusive Economic Zone SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPINNER DOLPHIN; SITE FIDELITY; PACIFIC AB A ship-based line-transect survey was conducted during the summer and fall of 2010 to obtain abundance estimates of cetaceans in the U.S. Hawaiian Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Given the low sighting rates for cetaceans in the study area, sightings from 2010 were pooled with sightings made during previous line-transect surveys within the central Pacific for calculating detection functions, which were estimated by using a multiple-covariate approach. The trackline detection probabilities used in this study are the first to reflect the effect of sighting conditions in the central Pacific and are markedly lower than estimates used in previous studies. During the survey, 23 cetacean species (17 odontocetes and 6 mysticetes) were seen, and abundance was estimated for 19 of them (15 odontocetes and 4 mysticetes). Group size and Beaufort sea state were the most important factors affecting the detectability of cetacean groups. Across all species, abundance estimates and coefficients of variation range from 133 to 72,528 and from 0.29 to 1.13, respectively. Estimated abundance is highest for delphinid species and lowest for the killer whale (Orcinus orca) and rorqual species. Overall, cetacean density in the Hawaiian Islands EEZ is low in comparison with highly productive oceanic regions. C1 [Bradford, Amanda L.; Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Bradford, AL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM amanda.bradford@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.7755/FB.115.2.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO2LQ UT WOS:000396528400001 ER PT J AU Stehlik, LL Manderson, JP Pessutti, J AF Stehlik, Linda L. Manderson, John P. Pessutti, Jeffrey TI Use of gill nets and telemetry in tracking movements and feeding of striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) at a salinity front in a small estuary SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; HABITAT USE; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; TURBIDITY MAXIMUM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; SPATIAL-PATTERNS AB The hypothesis that striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), and species of forage fish would be associated closely with a salinity transition front was tested through sampling and tagging efforts. In a small New Jersey estuary, a station at a salinity front and another in a nearby channel were sampled weekly with gill nets. Abundance of bluefish was significantly greater at the front, and abundance of weakfish was significantly greater at the channel. Forage fish were collected at both stations, and the diets of bluefish and weakfish overlapped in all seasons. Ultrasonically tagged striped bass, weakfish, and bluefish were tracked concurrently, and their home ranges, or the 95% probability of their occurrences were computed. Home ranges of tagged striped bass occurred upriver and also near river kilometer 1. Home ranges of weakfish were located in the midriver channels, and those of bluefish were located midriver and upriver at river kilometers 5-12. Home ranges for these 3 species were not limited to the area of the salinity front, contrary to the initial hypothesis. C1 [Stehlik, Linda L.; Manderson, John P.; Pessutti, Jeffrey] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst & Aquaculture Div,James J Howard Marin Sc, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Stehlik, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst & Aquaculture Div,James J Howard Marin Sc, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM linda.stehlik@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.7755/FB.115.2.2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO2LQ UT WOS:000396528400002 ER PT J AU Winner, BL MacDonald, TC Amendola, KB AF Winner, Brent L. MacDonald, Timothy C. Amendola, Kimberly B. TI Age and growth of sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) in Tampa Bay, Florida SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; ABUNDANCE; ESTUARIES; MORTALITY; SPARIDAE; REPRODUCTION; BIOLOGY; PINFISH; WATERS AB The sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) is common in coastal waters from the Chesapeake Bay to Texas in the United States and supports a viable recreational and commercial fishery throughout much of its range. Otoliths were extracted from 2549 sheepshead collected from 1993 through 2009 in Tampa Bay, Florida, during routine sampling by the Fisheries-Independent Monitoring program of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Sheepshead ranged in size from 107 to 524 mm fork length (FL). Age of sheepshead was estimated by counting annuli (opaque zones) in thin-sectioned sagittal otoliths. Marginal-increment analysis of sheepshead from ages 1 to 6 indicated that a single opaque ring was formed on an otolith each year between May and June. In Tampa Bay, sheephead reached a maximum age of 15 years. Males and females experienced rapid growth through age 6; growth rate decreased markedly thereafter. Although von Bertalanffy growth models were biologically similar between sexes, they were found to be statistically different (female [FL= 419.1 (1-e(-0.272(age+ 1.009)))]; males [FL= 422.5 (1-e(-0.255(age+ 1.115)))]). Tampa Bay sheepshead are typically smaller at a given age than those in more northern climates and not as long lived. Differences in regional growth models may be attributed to differences in mortality, ontogenetic shifts in habitat, genetic variation, or sampling design. C1 [Winner, Brent L.; MacDonald, Timothy C.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 Eighth Ave Southeast, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Amendola, Kimberly B.] NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 263 13th Ave South,Suite 113, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Winner, BL (reprint author), Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 Eighth Ave Southeast, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM brent.winner@myfwc.com FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Federal Aid for Sportfish Restoration Project [F-43]; Florida's saltwater fishing licenses FX We thank staff of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Fisheries-Independent Monitoring program and its Age and Growth Lab for aiding with sample collection and processing and the preparation and reading of otoliths, D. Harshany for measuring marginal increments, and R. Crabtree and M. Murphy for scientific expertise. We also are grateful to D. Leffler, T. Tsou, A. Acosta, R. Taylor, M. Murphy, R. McMichael, J. Quinn, J. Leiby, and B. Crowder for their critical reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported in part by funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Federal Aid for Sportfish Restoration Project Number F-43 as well as from Florida's saltwater fishing licenses. The statements, findings, views, conclusions, and recommendations contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. government. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.7755/FB.115.2.3 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EO2LQ UT WOS:000396528400003 ER PT J AU Adams, CF AF Adams, Charles F. TI Age-specific differences in the seasonal spatial distribution of butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE area occupancy; butterfish; centre of gravity; Peprilus triacanthus; spatial distribution ID PATTERNS; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; OCEAN AB The spatial distribution of butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean was investigated using a suite of spatial indicators based on Northeast Fisheries Science Center spring and fall bottom trawl survey data, 1982-2013. In the spring, ages 2 and 3 were found farther northeast and deeper than age 1 butterfish, while in the fall, age 3 butterfish were found farther northeast and deeper than ages 0 and 1. There was no significant northward movement of butterfish in spring or fall over the course of either time-series. However, there was a significant increase in the area occupied by ages 1-3 in the spring that was correlated with surface temperature. This illustrates that responses to climate change may be manifested as range expansions, rather than poleward movement of the centre of gravity (i.e. bivariate weighted mean location of the population). Two changes were observed over the course of the fall time series, both for ages 1 and 2: increased spatial dispersion; and a decrease in depth. The former result would have been masked, while the latter would have been erroneously generalized to all age classes, if an age-specific analysis had not been done. This study demonstrates the importance of an age-based and seasonal analysis. It is also shown how a spatial distribution analyses can inform stock assessments by providing insights into diverging survey indices and availability to surveys in general. Similarly, spatial distribution analyses can be used to verify the spatial equilibrium assumption for the calculation of biological reference points. C1 [Adams, Charles F.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Adams, CF (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM charles.adams@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 170 EP 179 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw128 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400016 ER PT J AU Wakefield, CB O'Malley, JM Williams, AJ Taylor, BM Nichols, RS Halafihi, T Humphreys, RL Kaltavara, J Nicol, SJ Newman, SJ AF Wakefield, Corey B. O'Malley, Joseph M. Williams, Ashley J. Taylor, Brett M. Nichols, Ryan S. Halafihi, Tuikolongahau Humphreys, Robert L., Jr. Kaltavara, Jeremie Nicol, Simon J. Newman, Stephen J. TI Ageing bias and precision for deep-water snappers: evaluating nascent otolith preparation methods using novel multivariate comparisons among readers and growth parameter estimates SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lutjanidae; Etelinae; thin transverse sections; sagittal; opaque zone counts; fish ageing error ID GROUPER HYPORTHODUS-OCTOFASCIATUS; LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS; PRISTIPOMOIDES-FILAMENTOSUS; AGE-DETERMINATION; INDO-PACIFIC; POLYPRION-AMERICANUS; POPULATION BIOLOGY; BOMB RADIOCARBON; ETELINE SNAPPERS; FISHERIES AB Tropical deep-water snappers (Etelinae) support valuable fisheries across the Indo-Pacific, with stock assessments reliant on age-based information in the absence of reliable catch and effort statistics. These long-lived species have been considered notoriously difficult to age. However, nascent developments in ageing protocols, particularly thinner transverse sections of otoliths (similar to 180-200 mu m), are providing improvements in growth zone clarity, interpretation and repeatability of annuli counts. At a recent international workshop, thin sectioned otoliths from three deep-water snappers were read under reflected light by eight fisheries scientists from across the Indo-Pacific, with various levels of fish-ageing experience. Precision and bias were assessed using traditional ageing precision metrics (index of average percent error, IAPE; and coefficient of variation, CV), and a novel approach using multivariate analyses (metric multidimensional scaling, mMDS) based on Euclidean dissimilarity among readers' counts and subsequent von Bertalanffy (vB) growth parameter estimates. Annuli counts between the primary reader and all other readers were within two for 80% of estimates, with uniform variation across a wide age range for Etelis carbunculus (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.924, n = 20, 3-25 annuli) and Etelis sp. (ICC = 0.933, n = 15, 2-27 annuli). In contrast, annuli counts for Pristipomoides filamentosus (n = 14, 4-49) were less precise (i.e. ICC = 0.835, 66% of counts within two of primary reader) with a bias toward greater variation in younger, pre-maturational life stages (<= 5 annuli). Traditionally accepted ageing precision (IAPE <= 5.5%, CV <= 7.6%) was achieved for each species, but was commensurate with reader experience. The multivariate mMDS ordination was more informative in identifying both distance (i.e. dissimilarity) and direction (i.e. form) of variations in annuli counts and vB growth parameter estimates among readers. The acceptable level of ageing precision and bias achieved among most readers indicated that deep-water snappers can be aged precisely when appropriate otolith preparation methods are used. This study contributes towards ageing protocols that can be used C1 [Wakefield, Corey B.; Newman, Stephen J.] Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Wakefield, Corey B.; Newman, Stephen J.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [O'Malley, Joseph M.; Nichols, Ryan S.; Humphreys, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Williams, Ashley J.; Nicol, Simon J.] Pacific Community SPC, Ocean Fisheries Programme, BP D5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Williams, Ashley J.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Taylor, Brett M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Halafihi, Tuikolongahau] Minist Agr & Food Forests & Fisheries, POB 871, Nukualofa, Tonga. [Kaltavara, Jeremie] Minist Agr Livestock Forestry Fisheries & Biosecu, Vanuatu Fisheries Dept, PMB 9045, Port Vila, Vanuatu. [Nicol, Simon J.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia. RP Wakefield, CB (reprint author), Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.; Wakefield, CB (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. EM corey.wakefield@fish.wa.gov.au OI Taylor, Brett/0000-0002-4746-7228 FU New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Partnerships Fund [PF 2-349] FX This study was undertaken as part of a Deep-water Snapper and Grouper Life History Workshop that was graciously hosted by the Life History Program, Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Logistical support for this workshop was provided by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, Hawaii, USA), the Oceanic Fisheries Programme and Coastal Fisheries Programme (Pacific Community, New Caledonia), the Department of Fisheries (Government of Western Australia), Curtin University (Western Australia), the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Forests and Fisheries (Kingdom of Tonga), the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Partnerships Fund Project PF 2-349 (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand) and the Vanuatu Fisheries Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries and Biosecurity (Vanuatu). We would like to thank reviewers from the Department of Fisheries (Government of Western Australia) and the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NOAA Fisheries, Hawaii, USA) for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw162 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400018 ER PT J AU Link, JS Browman, HI AF Link, Jason S. Browman, Howard I. TI Operationalizing and implementing ecosystem-based management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ecosystem approach; Fisheries management; Integrated ecosystem assessments; Marine resource governance; Marine resources; arine Strategy Framework Directive; Multisectoral ocean use; Sectoral tradeoffs; Social-ecological system; Stakeholder engagement ID MARINE RESOURCES; ASSESSMENTS AB There is now a large literature on ecosystem-based management (EBM; also known as the ecosystem approach). Our sense is that EBM is moving - albeit slowly - from the "what's, why's and when's" to the "how's" of operationalization and implementation; as such it seemed timely to develop this article theme set (TS). Our objectives were to ascertain the state of the discipline and to advance EBM by offering practical examples of its implementation -or attempts at such -in a variety of incarnations and at various scales, including what has or has not worked, suggestions for best practice, and lessons learned. As exemplified by the articles in this TS, key lessons learned include the need for: constant and clear communication with all parties involved; clear objectives and governance; the distillation of complex ecosystem information into digestible indicators; the establishment of reference levels on which management decisions can be made; and clear protocols to evaluate tradeoffs. Instances of truly multisectoral EBM remain rare, with EBM having advanced farthest within specific ocean-use sectors. Although progress towards implementing operational EBM has been somewhat limited, and although EBM is by its very nature complex and difficult to operationalize, there has been progress nonetheless. We hope that this TS will encourage even further operationalization of EBM. C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Browman, Howard I.] Inst Marine Res, Marine Ecosyst Acoust Grp, Austevoll Res Stn, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebo, Norway. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov FU Institute of Marine Research, Norway [81529, 83741] FX H.I.B's editorial contribution to this article theme set was supported by the Institute of Marine Research, Norway, Projects no 81529 ("Fine scale interactions in the plankton") and 83741 ("Scientific publishing and editing"). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 379 EP 381 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw247 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400035 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Kelble, CR Schwing, FB AF Harvey, Chris J. Kelble, Christopher R. Schwing, Franklin B. TI Implementing "the IEA": using integrated ecosystem assessment frameworks, programs, and applications in support of operationalizing ecosystem-based management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decision support tools; ecosystem-based management; fisheries; frameworks; integrated ecosystem assessments; marine spatial planning ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; OCEAN; PERSPECTIVE; PROGRESS; IMPACTS; TARGETS; RISK; REEF AB The Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) approach was designed to assimilate scientific knowledge in the ideal format for providing advice to inform marine Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM). As such, IEAs were envisioned as the cornerstone integrated science product for the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that would maximize efficiencies and synergies across the agency's ecosystem science efforts. This led to the development of a NOAA IEA Program that would oversee regional implementation of the national IEA framework. As implementation proceeded, uptake by management entities was slower than anticipated, in part because EBM was not quickly embraced and applied to achieve management objectives. This slow movement to EBM in conjunction with the need to develop scientific analyses and methods to properly implement IEA resulted in the IEA process being viewed as its own endpoint. This commonly led to referring to "the IEA" when variously discussing the IEA framework, program, products, and process. Now that IEA and EBM are maturing, we need to be specific with what we are referring to when discussing IEAs, in order to develop reasonable expectations for applying IEA tools. We also now recognize the need to implement multiple IEA processes at varying geographic and complexity scales within an ecosystem to effectively meet the scientific requirements for operational EBM rather than viewing an IEA application as a single regional science product. C1 [Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, Sci Informat Div, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kelble, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chris.Kelble@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program FX This paper benefited greatly from numerous discussions with members of the NOAA IEA community, and from comments by Kelly Andrews, Mark Dickey-Collas, James Hendee, Phil Levin, Jameal Samhouri, and an anonymous reviewer. Support for this manuscript was provided by NOAA's Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw201 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400038 ER PT J AU Cormier, R Kelble, CR Anderson, MR Allen, JI Grehan, A Gregersen, O AF Cormier, Roland Kelble, Christopher R. Anderson, M. Robin Allen, J. Icarus Grehan, Anthony Gregersen, Olavur TI Moving from ecosystem-based policy objectives to operational implementation of ecosystem-based management measures SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE governance; implementation mechanisms; management measures; operational EBM; performance management; policy cycle ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; OCEAN MANAGEMENT; COASTAL; ASSESSMENTS; SERVICES; VULNERABILITY; GOVERNANCE; SCIENCE; SYSTEMS; TOOLS AB The aim of ecosystem-based management (EBM) is to maintain an ecosystem in a healthy, productive and resilient condition through the implementation of policies and management measures. Although cross-sectoral planning may be led by a planning competent authority, it is up to the sector competent authority to implement the necessary management measures within their operations to achieve EBM goals and objectives. We suggest that scientific impediments to EBM are no longer significant to implement EBM operationally. Instead, we consider that approaching EBM within current policy cycle approaches would provide the necessary policymaking process step to operationalize EBM. In addition to enabling and facilitating collaboration, exchange, understanding as promoted by EBM, policymaking processes also require that policy is to be implemented through programs, measures, procedures and controls that have expected outcomes to "carry into effect" the policy objective. We are of the view that moving EBM from planning and objective setting to operational implementation is a management problem solving issues instead of a scientific one. C1 [Cormier, Roland] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Inst Coastal Res, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Anderson, M. Robin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Environm Sci Div, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Allen, J. Icarus] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Grehan, Anthony] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Nat Sci, Earth & Ocean Sci, Room A107,Univ Rd, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland. [Gregersen, Olavur] Syntesa Paterns & Associates, Fyri Oman Bru2, FO-510 Cota, Denmark. RP Cormier, R (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Ctr Mat & Coastal Res, Inst Coastal Res, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. EM Roland.Cormier@hzg.de FU European Union [678760, 689518] FX AJ is partly funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant agreements: 678760 (ATLAS) and 689518 (MERCES). This output reflects only the author's view and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw181 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400039 ER PT J AU Marshak, AR Link, JS Shuford, R Monaco, ME Johannesen, E Bianchi, G Anderson, MR Olsen, E Smith, DC Schmidt, JO Dickey-Collas, M AF Marshak, Anthony R. Link, Jason S. Shuford, Rebecca Monaco, Mark E. Johannesen, Ellen Bianchi, Gabriella Anderson, M. Robin Olsen, Erik Smith, David C. Schmidt, Joern O. Dickey-Collas, Mark TI International perceptions of an integrated, multi-sectoral, ecosystem approach to management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem approach to management; ecosystem-based management; multisector; ocean use; sector tradeoffs ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION; PROGRESS; MYTHS; SEA AB The Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) has emerged over the past decades, largely to promote biodiversity conservation, and more recently sectoral tradeoffs in the management of marine ecosystems. To ascertain the state of practice of EAM operationalization, a workshop was held, which included a pre-workshop online survey. The survey gauged international participants' perspectives regarding capacity, knowledge, and application of EAM. When asked about the subject, most survey respondents had a general understanding of EAM, and provided a clear definition. Major perceived challenges to EAM objectives by those surveyed included limited knowledge, conflicting interests, insufficient communication, and limited organizational legal frameworks or governance structures. Of those directly involved in an ecosystem approach, the majority responded that processes were in place or developed for application of integrated knowledge toward assessing key issues within their respective sectors (i. e. fisheries, conservation, energy), and that capacity was generally high. Our results show that most respondents, irrespective of sector or geography, see value in considering an integrated, broader ecosystem approach as they manage their sector. Although many participants were from the North Atlantic region, our results suggest that much of the international community is converging toward continued understanding of broad-scale, integrated approaches to marine resource management. C1 [Marshak, Anthony R.; Shuford, Rebecca] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway F-ST4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Monaco, Mark E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Johannesen, Ellen; Dickey-Collas, Mark] Int Council Explorat Sea, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bianchi, Gabriella] Food & Agr Org, Fisheries & Aquaculture Dept, Viale Terme di Caracalla, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Anderson, M. Robin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Marine Habitat Div, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Olsen, Erik] Inst Marine Res, PB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Smith, David C.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Smith, David C.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Schmidt, Joern O.] Univ Kiel, Dept Econ, Wilhelm Seelig Pl 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Dickey-Collas, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Jaegersborg Alle 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. RP Marshak, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway F-ST4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tony.marshak@noaa.gov RI Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008 FU European OSPAR; Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission-Helsinki Commission (HELCOM); European Union [652677] FX The authors acknowledge the multiple workshop and survey participants, and members of the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance Coordination and Support Action (AORAC-SA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), European Environment Agency (EEA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their support of the workshop and development of the survey. Additional contributions and support were provided by European OSPAR, the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission-Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), and with funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 652677. We also thank Ingrid Van Putten, Ingrid Biedron, Stephen Brown, and anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of the article. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw214 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400040 ER PT J AU Zador, SG Holsman, KK Aydin, KY Gaichas, SK AF Zador, Stephani G. Holsman, Kirstin K. Aydin, Kerim Y. Gaichas, Sarah K. TI Ecosystem considerations in Alaska: the value of qualitative assessments SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; ecosystem approach to fisheries; ecosystem assessment; ecosystem-based fisheries management; ecosystem report cards ID ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERIENCE; FRAMEWORK; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; TOOLS AB The application of ecosystem considerations, and in particular ecosystem report cards, in federal groundfish fisheries management in Alaska can be described as an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). Ecosystem information is provided to managers to establish an ecosystem context within which deliberations of fisheries quota occur. Our goal is to make the case for the need for qualitative ecosystem assessments in EAFM, specifically that qualitative synthesis has advantages worthy to keep a permanent place at the fisheries management table. These advantages include flexibility and speed in responding to and synthesizing new information from a variety of sources. First, we use the development of indicator-based ecosystem report cards as an example of adapting ecosystem information to management needs. Second, we review lessons learned and provide suggestions for best practices for applying EAFM to large and diverse fisheries in multiple marine ecosystems. Adapting ecosystem indicator information to better suit the needs of fisheries managers resulted in succinct report cards that summarize ecosystem trends, complementing more detailed ecosystem information to provide context for EAFM. There were several lessons learned in the process of developing the ecosystem report cards. The selection of indicators for each region was influenced by geography, the extent of scientific knowledge/data, and the particular expertise of the selection teams. Optimizing the opportunity to qualitatively incorporate ecosystem information into management decisions requires a good understanding of the management system in question. We found that frequent dialogue with managers and other stakeholders leads to adaptive products. We believe that there will always be a need for qualitative ecosystem assessment because it allows for rapid incorporation of new ideas and data and unexpected events. As we build modelling and predictive capacity, we will still need qualitative synthesis to capture events outside the bounds of current models and to detect impacts of the unexpected. C1 [Zador, Stephani G.; Holsman, Kirstin K.; Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gaichas, Sarah K.] NOAA, Ecosyst Assessment Program, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Zador, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stephani.zador@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw144 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP1HQ UT WOS:000397136400041 ER PT J AU Kline, RJ Sunday, DF Windover, D Bunday, BD AF Kline, R. Joseph Sunday, Daniel F. Windover, Donald Bunday, Benjamin D. TI X-ray scattering critical dimensional metrology using a compact x-ray source for next generation semiconductor devices SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering; dimensional metrology; finFET ID ANGLE; SHAPE AB Semiconductor devices continue to shrink in size with every generation. These ever smaller structures are challenging the resolution limits of current analytical and inline metrology tools. We will discuss the results of a study of critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CDSAXS) comparing the measured intensity from a laboratory source and a synchrotron to determine the improvements in compact x-ray source technology necessary to make CDSAXS a high throughput metrology method. We investigated finFET test structures with and without a high-k gate dielectric coating. The HfO2-based high-k gate dielectric substantially increased the scattering intensity. We found that single-angle laboratory source measurements of 15 min from HfO2-coated finFETs had sufficient scattering intensity to measure the higher order peaks necessary for obtaining high-resolution dimensional fits. Identical bare silicon finFETs required at least 2 h of exposure time for equivalent data quality. Using these structures, we measured the scattering efficiency and determined the required photon flux for next generation x-ray sources to make an inline CDSAXS tool high throughput. (C) 2017 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Kline, R. Joseph; Sunday, Daniel F.; Windover, Donald] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bunday, Benjamin D.] SUNY Poly SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.kline@nist.gov FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; Northwestern University; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN PY 2017 VL 16 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.16.1.014001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA EP0IK UT WOS:000397070400006 ER PT J AU Louw, DC Doucette, GJ Voges, E AF Louw, Deon C. Doucette, Gregory J. Voges, Elizabeth TI Annual patterns, distribution and long-term trends of Pseudo-nitzschia species in the northern Benguela upwelling system SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pseudo-nitzschia species; phytoplankton; northern Benguela upwelling system (nBUS); seasonality; temperature; wind; nutrients ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; WEST-COAST; SOUTH-AFRICA; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEASONALITY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; DELICATISSIMA; CALIFORNIA AB Phytoplankton data obtained from a 14-year data set off the coast of Namibia were analysed. The temporal distribution of species belonging to the diatom genus, Pseudo-nitzschia, was examined using samples collected quasi-monthly at onshore and offshore locations. This data set revealed that Pseudo-nitzschia blooms occurred sporadically along the central coast of Namibia, and cell concentrations frequently exceeded 200 000 cells L-1, with levels close to or exceeding 1 000 000 cells L-1 noted occasionally. Two relatively cold years (2005 and 2010) and three relatively warm years (2001, 2003 and 2011) were found to be exceptional for high biomass Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, so possible drivers (wind, temperature and nutrients) were evaluated. Pseudo-nitzschia species abundance was associated with moderate temperature (13-16 degrees C) and nutrient conditions. Climatology showed an increase in Pseudo-nitzschia blooms during austral summer, reaching a maximum in May, June or July. These blooms seem to initiate following periods of high total phytoplankton concentrations. Wind was determined to play an important role in controlling these blooms. Low biomass Pseudo-nitzschia blooms were observed during months with high or irregular winds that coincided with periods of upwelling, whereas high biomass blooms were associated with the decrease of wind after the main wind peak at the end of summer. C1 [Louw, Deon C.; Voges, Elizabeth] Natl Marine Informat & Res Ctr NATMIRC, Minist Fisheries & Marine Resources, POB 912, Swakopmund, Namibia. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Louw, DC (reprint author), Natl Marine Informat & Res Ctr NATMIRC, Minist Fisheries & Marine Resources, POB 912, Swakopmund, Namibia. EM deon.louw@mfmr.gov.na FU German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 03F0497] FX The research project GENUS (Geochemistry and Ecology of the Namibian Upwelling System) funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF, FKZ 03F0497). NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 39 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbw079 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EP0UE UT WOS:000397101400005 ER PT J AU Jacobson, EK Forney, KA Barlow, J AF Jacobson, Eiren K. Forney, Karin A. Barlow, Jay TI Using paired visual and passive acoustic surveys to estimate passive acoustic detection parameters for harbor porpoise abundance estimates SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OFFSHORE WIND FARM; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; T-PODS; DENSITY; CALIFORNIA; SEA; WASHINGTON; MODELS; CLICKS AB Passive acoustic monitoring is a promising approach for monitoring long-term trends in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) abundance. Before passive acoustic monitoring can be implemented to estimate harbor porpoise abundance, information about the detectability of harbor porpoise is needed to convert recorded numbers of echolocation clicks to harbor porpoise densities. In the present study, paired data from a grid of nine passive acoustic click detectors (C-PODs, Chelonia Ltd., United Kingdom) and three days of simultaneous aerial line-transect visual surveys were collected over a 370 km(2) study area. The focus of the study was estimating the effective detection area of the passive acoustic sensors, which was defined as the product of the sound production rate of individual animals and the area within which those sounds are detected by the passive acoustic sensors. Visually estimated porpoise densities were used as informative priors in a Bayesian model to solve for the effective detection area for individual harbor porpoises. This model-based approach resulted in a posterior distribution of the effective detection area of individual harbor porpoises consistent with previously published values. This technique is a viable alternative for estimating the effective detection area of passive acoustic sensors when other experimental approaches are not feasible. C1 [Jacobson, Eiren K.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jacobson, EK (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM eiren.jacobson@gmail.com FU California Energy Commission; NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX We thank the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Small Boat Center, especially Captain John Douglas, for their generous assistance with field operations. Scientific divers Scott Gabara, Jasmine Ruvalcaba, and Diana Steller facilitated the deployment and retrieval of C-POD moorings. We thank Aspen Helicopters, Inc. and pilot Barry Hansen and visual observers Melinda Nakagawa, Scott Benson, Katherine Whitaker, Kelly Newton, and Deasy Lontoh for participating in visual surveys. Jennifer Secoy Krach provided crucial logistical support to E.K.J. during fieldwork in Monterey Bay. Tim Gerrodette and Peter Franks provided helpful advice regarding the hypotheses and approaches used in this study, Sean Crosby facilitated the application of objective interpolation, Jeff Laake assisted with visual linetransect analyses, and Brice Semmens and Jeff Moore guided the implementation of the Bayesian modeling. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript. C-POD deployments were conducted under Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Permit No. MBNMS-2011-026. Aerial surveys were conducted under National Marine Sanctuary Permit Nos. MULTI-2008-03 and MULTI-2013-09 and National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 14097. We thank the California Energy Commission for funding the research presented in this report and the California Institute for Energy and Environment for coordinating the management of this project. E.K.J. was also supported by the NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 141 IS 1 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1121/1.4973415 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA EM4UP UT WOS:000395308700036 PM 28147607 ER PT J AU Flaud, JM Blake, TA Lafferty, WJ AF Flaud, J. -M. Blake, T. A. Lafferty, W. J. TI First high-resolution analysis of the (1), (3) and (1) + (3) bands of sulphur dioxide (SO2)-S-33-O-16 SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE High-resolution infrared; 33S16O2 sulphur dioxide; molecular parameters ID ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; LINE-INTENSITIES; SO2; BANDS; (SO2)-S-32-O-18; SPECTROSCOPY; REANALYSIS; STATES AB HighlightsHigh-resolution spectra of (SO2)-S-33-O-16 have been recorded for the first time in the 8 and 4 mu m spectral regions.The (1), (3) and (1) + (3) bands of the (SO2)-S-33-O-16 have been analysed up to very high quantum numbers.Accurate ro-vibrational upper states constants have been determined. ABSTRACTFourier transform spectra of sulphur dioxide (SO2)-S-33-O-16 have been recorded in the 8.0 and 4.0 mu m spectral regions at a resolution of 0.0015 cm(-1) using a Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer leading to the observation of the (1), (3) and (1) + (3) vibrational bands of the (SO2)-S-33-O-16 molecule. The corresponding upper state ro-vibrational levels were fit using a Hamiltonian matrix taking into account a Coriolis K-a = 3 resonance between the ro-vibrational levels of the 1(1) and 3(1) vibrational states and a Watson-type Hamiltonian for the ro-vibrational levels of the 1(1) 3(1) vibrational state. In this way it was possible to reproduce the upper state ro-vibrational levels to within the experimental uncertainty; i.e. approximate to 0.20 x 10(-3) cm(-1). Very accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were derived from the fit together with the following band centres: (0) ((1)) = 1147.979535(60) cm(-1), (0) ((3)) = 1353.335912(60) cm(-1) and (0) ((1) + (3)) = 2487.493732(30) cm(-1). [GRAPHICS] C1 [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, UMR CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA, Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA, Creteil, France. [Blake, T. A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Flaud, JM (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, UMR CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA, Creteil, France.; Flaud, JM (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, UMR CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA, Creteil, France. EM jean-marie.flaud@lisa.u-pec.fr FU PNNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX PNNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2017 VL 115 IS 4 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1080/00268976.2016.1269966 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EM1IG UT WOS:000395070700007 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Wright, CW Ibuki, Y Moreno-Villanueva, M Karlsson, HL Hendriks, G Sims, CM Singh, N Doak, SH AF Nelson, Bryant C. Wright, Christa W. Ibuki, Yuko Moreno-Villanueva, Maria Karlsson, Hanna L. Hendriks, Giel Sims, Christopher M. Singh, Neenu Doak, Shareen H. TI Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; VITRO MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC EVALUATION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ENABLES HIGH-THROUGHPUT; AUTOMATED FADU-ASSAY; COLON CACO2 CELLS; HUMAN LIVER HEPG2 AB The rapid development of the engineered nanomaterial (ENM) manufacturing industry has accelerated the incorporation of ENMs into a wide variety of consumer products across the globe. Unintentionally or not, some of these ENMs may be introduced into the environment or come into contact with humans or other organisms resulting in unexpected biological effects. It is thus prudent to have rapid and robust analytical metrology in place that can be used to critically assess and/or predict the cytotoxicity, as well as the potential genotoxicity of these ENMs. Many of the traditional genotoxicity test methods [e. g. unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, etc.,] for determining the DNA damaging potential of chemical and biological compounds are not suitable for the evaluation of ENMs, due to a variety of methodological issues ranging from potential assay interferences to problems centered on low sample throughput. Recently, a number of sensitive, high-throughput genotoxicity assays/platforms (CometChip assay, flow cytometry/micronucleus assay, flow cytometry/gamma-H2AX assay, automated 'Fluorimetric Detection of Alkaline DNA Unwinding' (FADU) assay, ToxTracker reporter assay) have been developed, based on substantial modifications and enhancements of traditional genotoxicity assays. These new assays have been used for the rapid measurement of DNA damage (strand breaks), chromosomal damage (micronuclei) and for detecting upregulated DNA damage signalling pathways resulting from ENM exposures. In this critical review, we describe and discuss the fundamental measurement principles and measurement endpoints of these new assays, as well as the modes of operation, analytical metrics and potential interferences, as applicable to ENM exposures. An unbiased discussion of the major technical advantages and limitations of each assay for evaluating and predicting the genotoxic potential of ENMs is also provided. C1 [Nelson, Bryant C.; Sims, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wright, Christa W.] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Nanotechnol & Nanotoxicol, 665 Huntington Ave Bldg 1 Room 1309, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ibuki, Yuko] Univ Shizuoka, Grad Div Nutr & Environm Sci, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. [Moreno-Villanueva, Maria] Univ Konstanz, Mol Toxicol Grp, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Karlsson, Hanna L.] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Unit Biochem Toxicol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hendriks, Giel] Toxys, Robert Boyleweg 4, NL-2333 CG Leiden, Netherlands. [Singh, Neenu] De Montfort Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Sci, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Leicester LE1 9BH, Leics, England. [Doak, Shareen H.] Swansea Univ, Sch Med, Inst Life Sci, Ctr NanoHlth, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program; Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2014-4598] FX One of the authors, CMS, acknowledges funding and support from the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program and HLK acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (VR, project 621-2014-4598. NR 160 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 EI 1464-3804 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD JAN PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1093/mutage/gew037 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA EP0IM UT WOS:000397070600020 PM 27565834 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Suzuki, S AF Manzello, Samuel L. Suzuki, Sayaka TI Generating wind-driven firebrand showers characteristic of burning structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire; Urban fires; Firebrand generation ID FULL-SCALE; URBAN; FIRE AB Firebrands are a significant source leading to structures ignited and lost in large outdoor fires, such as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, a large international problem, and urban fires, common in Japan. Sadly, hardly any information is available with regard to firebrand production from burning structures or actual large outdoor fires in general. To this end, an experimental database is being generated from firebrand generation from structure combustion. This paper will focus on how these detailed database results are being used to generate firebrand showers using a redesigned firebrand generator experimental apparatus installed in a full-scale wind tunnel, with the intent to experimentally simulate firebrand showers produced from structure combustion in large outdoor fires. (C) 2016 by The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suzuki, Sayaka] Natl Res Inst Fire & Disaster, Chofu, Tokyo 1828508, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2017 VL 36 IS 2 BP 3247 EP 3252 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.009 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EP5ZY UT WOS:000397458900182 ER PT J AU McKinnell, S Seki, MP Ichii, T AF McKinnell, Skip Seki, Michael P. Ichii, Taro TI Special issue on the advances in understanding of the North Pacific subtropical front ecosystem Preface SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LONGLINE FISHING GROUNDS; OCEANOGRAPHIC REGIME; OCEAN; ZONE C1 [McKinnell, Skip] Salmoforsk Int Environm Consulting, 2280 Brighton Ave, Victoria, BC V8S 2G2, Canada. [Seki, Michael P.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Ichii, Taro] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Kanazawa Ku, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. RP McKinnell, S (reprint author), Salmoforsk Int Environm Consulting, 2280 Brighton Ave, Victoria, BC V8S 2G2, Canada. EM mckinnell@shaw.ca; Michael.Seki@noaa.gov; ichii@affrc.go.jp NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.01.007 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM3PQ UT WOS:000395227500001 ER PT J AU Howell, EA Bograd, SJ Hoover, AL Seki, MP Polovina, JJ AF Howell, Evan A. Bograd, Steven J. Hoover, Aimee L. Seki, Michael P. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Variation in phytoplankton composition between two North Pacific frontal zones along 158 degrees W during winter-spring 2008-2011 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LONGLINE FISHING GROUNDS; TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; PRODUCTIVITY; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MIGRATION; PREDATOR AB Data from three research cruises along the 158 degrees W meridian through the North Pacific Subtropical Frontal Zone (SIT) during spring 2008, 2009, and 2011 were used to estimate phytoplankton functional types and size classes. These groups were used to describe phytoplankton composition at the North Pacific Subtropical (STF) and Transition Zone Chlorophyll (TZCF) Fronts, which represent ecologically important large-scale features in the central North Pacific. Phytoplankton class composition was consistent at each front through time, yet significantly different between fronts. The STF contained lower integrated chlorophyll-a concentrations, with surface waters dominated by picophytoplankton and a deep chlorophyll maximum equally comprised of pico- and nanophytoplankton. The TZCF contained significantly higher concentrations of nanophytoplankton through the water column, specifically the prymnesiophyte group. Integrated chlorophyll-a concentrations at the TZCF were 30-90% higher than at the STF, with the dominant increase in the signal from the nanophytoplanktonic prymnesiophyte group. The meridional position of the STF was consistently located near 32 degrees N through these three years, with the more spatially variable TZCF ranging from 2 degrees to 4 degrees further north of the STF. This variability in the frontal position of the TZCF may lead to ecological impacts though the food web. Continued in-situ and remote monitoring, specifically during El Nino and ENSO neutral phases, will provide additional ecological information to help understand mechanistic causes of phytoplankton variability in this important ecological region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Howell, Evan A.; Seki, Michael P.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Hoover, Aimee L.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hoover, Aimee L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, 146 Williams St, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Howell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM evan.howell@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 SI SI BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.06.003 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM3PQ UT WOS:000395227500002 ER PT J AU McKinnell, S Seki, MP AF McKinnell, Skip Seki, Michael P. TI Arcane epipelagic fishes of the subtropical North Pacific and factors associated with their distribution SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; NEON FLYING SQUID; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OMMASTREPHES-BARTRAMII; OCEAN AB In 1992, a moratorium was declared by the United Nations. General Assembly to end the practice of large-scale pelagic driftnet fishing. During two years leading up to the moratorium, three scientific research and fishery observer programs involving Canada, Japan, Korea, China-Taipei and the United States had collected significant amounts of information about the distribution and abundance of the epipelagic fauna in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. The pan-regional distributions of the fishes in 1990 and 1991, most of which were taken as bycatch in 9910 fishing operations (357,150 km of driftnet) are described. More species were observed per fishing operation in 1991 than in 1990. Principal coordinate analysis of the incidence of the commonly caught fish species was used to show that, except for an anomaly in the region of the Shatsky Rise (165 degrees E), the composition of the catch changed from the coast of Japan across more than 6000 km to the eastern boundary of the fishery (145 degrees W). The analysis suggested that the fish species composition changed rather little with increasing latitude within the southern part of the domain (25-35 degrees N), before changing more rapidly north of the Kuroshio Extension region to a more subarctic, transition zone fauna. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McKinnell, Skip] North Pacific Marine Sci Org, Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Patricia Bay, BC, Canada. [Seki, Michael P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, IRC, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [McKinnell, Skip] Salmoforsk Int, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP McKinnell, S (reprint author), North Pacific Marine Sci Org, Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Patricia Bay, BC, Canada. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 SI SI BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.07.008 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM3PQ UT WOS:000395227500006 ER PT J AU Nieto, K Xu, Y Teo, SLH McClatchie, S Holmes, J AF Nieto, Karen Xu, Yi Teo, Steven L. H. McClatchie, Sam Holmes, John TI How important are coastal fronts to albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) habitat in the Northeast Pacific Ocean? SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; COLD FILAMENTS; THERMAL FRONTS; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB We used satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data to characterize coastal fronts and then tested the effects of the fronts and other environmental variables on the distribution of the albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) catches in the coastal areas (from the coast to 200 nm offshore) of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. A boosted regression tree (BRT) model was used to explain the spatial and temporal patterns in albacore tuna catch per unit effort (CPUE) (1988-2011), using frontal features (distance to the front and temperature gradient), and other environmental variables like SST, surface chlorophyll concentration (chlorophyll), and geostrophic currents as explanatory variables. Based on over two decades of high-resolution data, the modeled results confirmed previous findings that albacore CPUE distribution is strongly influenced by SST and chlorophyll at fishing locations, and the distance of fronts from the coast (DFRONT-COAST), albeit with substantial seasonal and interannual variation. Albacore CPUEs were higher near warm, low chlorophyll oceanic waters, and near SST fronts. We performed sequential leave-one-year-out cross-validations for all years and found that the relationships in the BRT models were robust for the entire study period. Spatial distributions of model-predicted albacore CPUE were similar to observations, but the model was unable to predict very high CPUEs in some areas. These results help to explain previously observed variability in albacore CPUE and will likely help improve international fisheries management in the face of environmental changes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nieto, Karen; Xu, Yi; Teo, Steven L. H.; McClatchie, Sam] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Nieto, Karen] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Holmes, John] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Nieto, K (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. FU NOAA-FATE program FX The authors acknowledge all US and Canadian fishermen who reported the albacore catch data in logbooks. We thank two internal reviewers Dr. Toby Garfield and Dr. Paul Fiedler for their suggestions and comments. This research was supported by the NOAA-FATE program. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 SI SI BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.004 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM3PQ UT WOS:000395227500007 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Nieto, K Teo, SLH McClatchie, S Holmes, J AF Xu, Yi Nieto, Karen Teo, Steven L. H. McClatchie, Sam Holmes, John TI Influence of fronts on the spatial distribution of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the Northeast Pacific over the past 30 years (1982-2011) SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EDGE-DETECTION; SST IMAGES; MIGRATION AB The association of albacore tuna distribution with subtropical fronts in the Northeast Pacific was examined on seasonal and interannual scales from 1982 to 2011. Spatial analyses were performed on commercial logbook data from US and Canadian troll and pole-and-line fisheries targeting albacore tuna that were matched with corresponding satellite images from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Subtropical fronts were detected by deriving sea surface temperature (SST) gradients on large basin-scales and by using an improved version of the Cayula-Cornillon frontal detection algorithm. Based on our results, we suggest that areas with high albacore catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) tend to occur in regions with high SST gradients, such as the North Pacific Transition Zone (NPTZ) and the North American coast. Approaching the North American coast along the NPTZ, SST gradients drop off substantially around 130 degrees W before increasing rapidly near the coast, which corresponded to a similar pattern in albacore CPUE. In the NPTZ, the centroid of albacore CPUE showed a seasonal shift northwards in summer and southwards in fall, which coincided with seasonal spatial shifts of areas with high SST gradients. A similar pattern was found on an interannual scale, with the exception of several years with limited fishery data in the NPTZ due to changes in fishery operations. A fine-scale analysis of frontal locations suggested that areas with high albacore CPUE are associated with oceanic fronts, with the highest albacore CPUEs observed within 100 km of the nearest front. In addition, albacore distribution is related to frontal strength, with the highest CPUE found near fronts with high SST gradient values in the range of 0.12-0.16 C km(-1). Integrating our findings on the influence of frontal areas on albacore distribution and abundance in the NEPO should improve the standardization model used to derive abundance indices for North Pacific albacore stock assessments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Yi; Nieto, Karen; Teo, Steven L. H.; McClatchie, Sam] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Nieto, Karen] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Holmes, John] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Yi.Xu@noaa.gov FU NOAA-FATE program; NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program FX This research was supported by NOAA-FATE program. The authors acknowledge all US and Canadian fishermen who reported the albacore catch data in logbooks. The satellite data were provided by GHRSST and the US National Oceanographic Data Center, partially supported by the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program. We thank three internal reviewers (Dr. Paul Fiedler, Dr. Christian Reiss and Dr. Tim Sippel) and three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 SI SI BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.04.013 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM3PQ UT WOS:000395227500008 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Howell, EA Kobayashi, DR Seki, MP AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Howell, Evan A. Kobayashi, Donald R. Seki, Michael P. TI The Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front updated: Advances from a decade of research SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TURTLES CARETTA-CARETTA; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHING GROUNDS; HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL; HABITAT; PRODUCTIVITY; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; PREDATOR AB The dynamic ocean feature called the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) was first described fifteen years ago based on an empirical association between the apparent habitat of loggerhead sea turtles and albacore tuna linked to a basin-wide chlorophyll front observed with remotely sensed ocean color data. Subsequent research has provided considerable evidence that the TZCF is an indicator for a dynamic ocean feature with important physical and biological characteristics. New insights into the seasonal dynamics of the TZCF suggest that in the summer it is located at the southern boundary of the subarctic gyre while its position in the winter and spring is defined by the extent of the southward transport of surface nutrients. While the TZCF is defined as the dynamic boundary between low and high surface chlorophyll, it appears to be a boundary between subtropical and subarctic phytoplankton communities. Furthermore, the TZCF is also characterized as supporting enhanced phytoplankton net community production throughout its seasonal migration. Lastly, the TZCF is important to the growth rate of neon flying squid and to the survival of monk seal pups in the northern atolls of the Hawaiian Archipelago. This paper reviews these and other findings that advance our current understanding of the physics and biology of the TZCF from research over the past decade. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Howell, Evan A.; Kobayashi, Donald R.; Seki, Michael P.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jeffrey.Polovina@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 150 SI SI BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.006 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM3PQ UT WOS:000395227500009 ER PT J AU Lu, X Wang, XG Li, YZ Tong, MJ Ma, XL AF Lu, Xu Wang, Xuguang Li, Yongzuo Tong, Mingjing Ma, Xulin TI GSI-based ensemble-variational hybrid data assimilation for HWRF for hurricane initialization and prediction: impact of various error covariances for airborne radar observation assimilation SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE GSI; hybrid EnKF-Var data assimilation; tail Doppler radar; hurricane ID GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; KALMAN FILTER; ANALYSIS SCHEMES; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; SCALE ANALYSES; INNER-CORE; MODEL; RESOLUTION; INTERPOLATION; AIRCRAFT AB The hybrid Ensemble Kalman Filter - Variational (EnKF-Var) data assimilation (DA) system based on Grid-point Statistical Interpolation (GSI) is extended for the Hurricane-WRF model (HWRF). Background ensemble forecasts initialized by the EnKF are used to provide the flow-dependent error covariance to be ingested by GSI using the extended control variable method. The hybrid system is then applied to assimilate airborne radar data. In this article, the newly developed HWRF hybrid system capable of assimilating airborne radar observations is introduced. The impact of using variously estimated background error covariances on tropical cyclone (TC) core analyses and subsequent forecasts is explored by a detailed study of Hurricane Sandy (2012) and by systematic comparison of various sensitivity experiments for multiple cases during the 2012-2013 seasons. The hybrid system using the HWRF EnKF ensemble covariance (Hybrid-HENS) is able to correct both the wind and mass fields in a dynamically and thermodynamically coherent fashion. In contrast, the wind and pressure adjustments by GSI three-dimensional variation (GSI3DVar) using the static covariance are inconsistent. The wind and pressure relation in the covariances derived from the GFS ensemble (Hybrid-GENS) improves upon the static covariance, but is still inconsistent compared to that of HWRF. Verifications against independent flight-level and Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) wind data, and Hurricane Research Division (HRD) radar wind composite reveal that the Hybrid-HENS system improves the analysed TC structure upon both GSI3DVar and Hybrid-GENS. Hybrid-HENS and Hybrid-GENS improve the track, minimum sea-level pressure (MSLP) and Vmax forecast relative to GSI3DVar. Hybrid-HENS further improves track forecasts compared to Hybrid-GENS. Hybrid-HENS provides the largest positive impact of the airborne radar data. In comparison, GSI3DVar shows consistently negative impact of the data when analysing the structure and verifying track forecasts. Blending the static background error covariance in the hybrid system improves the maximum wind forecast while little benefit is found in the analysed structures and the MSLP and track forecasts. C1 [Lu, Xu; Ma, Xulin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lu, Xu; Wang, Xuguang; Li, Yongzuo] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Tong, Mingjing] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xuguang.wang@ou.edu FU National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) project [NA12NWS4680012, NA14NWS4830008, NA14NWS4680021]; ONR grant [N00014-14-1-0125]; China National Science Foundation [41275111] FX The research documented in this article was supported by grants NA12NWS4680012, NA14NWS4830008 and NA14NWS4680021 from the National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) project and the ONR grant N00014-14-1-0125. The experiments were performed on the NOAA supercomputer Jet. The first and fifth authors were also partially supported by China National Science Foundation 41275111. Henry Winterbottom and Jeff Whitaker are acknowledged for initial discussions at an early stage of the experiment. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 143 IS 702 SU UNDEFINED SI UNDEFINED BP 223 EP 239 DI 10.1002/qj.2914 PN A PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM0EE UT WOS:000394990800016 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Zhang, JA Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Zhang, Jun A. Montgomery, Michael T. TI The dynamics of intensification in a Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of Hurricane Earl (2010) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; typhoons; classical spin-up mechanism; boundary-layer spin-up mechanism; eddy dynamics; vertical shear ID VORTEX ROSSBY WAVES; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPIRAL BANDS; INFLOW LAYER; MODEL; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; VORTICES AB We use a high-resolution numerical simulation of Atlantic Hurricane Earl (2010) to increase our understanding of Earl's intensification in relatively strong vertical shear in the context of a recent paradigm for tropical cyclone intensification. The integrity of the simulation is judged by comparing analyses thereof with those of the unprecedented observational data gathered in Earl. Consistent with the classical view of spin-up, the amplification of the tangential wind field above the boundary layer is found to occur as the absolute angular momentum surfaces are drawn inwards by the aggregate heating of the rotating convective clouds in the interior of the vortex. In addition to this classical pathway, spin-up occurs within the inner-core boundary layer, where the maximum tangential winds occur. The latter is another element of the new paradigm. Despite the detrimental influence of the shear on the vortex alignment and in depressing the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature outside the developing eyewall, the combined eddy processes associated with the vortical plume structures in and around the developing eyewall region are shown to contribute to an enhanced overturning circulation and an intensifying storm. These eddy processes are distinctly agradient effects that are not features of the classical spin-up mechanism. It remains to be understood how the rotating convective updraughts combine to produce the diagnosed structures of the eddy terms themselves and how vortex Rossby waves and other eddies contribute to the alignment of the vortex during intensification. C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Inst Meteorol, Munich, Germany. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, NOAA AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), NOAA Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov FU German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30/23-4]; Office of Naval Research Global [N62909-15-1-N021]; NOAA HFIP grant [NA14NWS4680028, N0017315WR00048]; NASA [NNX14AM69G, NNG11PK021]; NSF [AGS-1313948]; US Naval Postgraduate School FX This work was initiated during the first author's visit to HRD in 2013. We are grateful to the HWRF modelling team and EMC for continuously improving the HWRF model, especially Sundararaman Gopalakrishnan, Xuejin Zhang and Vijay Tallapragada. Note that the second author contributed substantially to the physics improvement of the version of the HWRF model used in this study. In particular, we thank Thiago Quirino for making the HWRF retrospective forecasts available for use. We thank also Frank Marks, Hua Chen, Paul Reasor and Robert Rogers for helpful discussions at HRD's science meeting during the first author's visit. We especially thank Hua Chen for sharing the output of the Earl forecast. RKS acknowledges funding for tropical cyclone research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under Grant no SM30/23-4 and the Office of Naval Research Global under Grant No. N62909-15-1-N021. JAZ acknowledges the support of NOAA HFIP grant NA14NWS4680028 and NASA grant NNX14AM69G. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF grant AGS-1313948, NOAA HFIP grant N0017315WR00048, NASA grant NNG11PK021 and the US Naval Postgraduate School. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 143 IS 702 SU UNDEFINED SI UNDEFINED BP 293 EP 308 DI 10.1002/qj.2922 PN A PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM0EE UT WOS:000394990800022 ER PT J AU Fackler, SW Alexandrakis, V Konig, D Kusne, AG Gao, T Kramer, MJ Stasak, D Lopez, K Zayac, B Mehta, A Ludwig, A Takeuchi, I AF Fackler, Sean W. Alexandrakis, Vasileios Koenig, Dennis Kusne, A. Gilad Gao, Tieren Kramer, Matthew J. Stasak, Drew Lopez, Kenny Zayac, Brad Mehta, Apurva Ludwig, Alfred Takeuchi, Ichiro TI Combinatorial study of Fe-Co-V hard magnetic thin films SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Vicalloy; permanent magnet; high-throughput; combinatorial thin film ID COBALT-VANADIUM ALLOYS; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; IRON; SYSTEM; CONSTITUTION; VICALLOY; ATOMS AB Thin film libraries of Fe-Co-V were fabricated by combinatorial sputtering to study magnetic and structural properties over wide ranges of composition and thickness by high-throughput methods: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, composition, and thickness were measured across the Fe-Co-V libraries. In-plane magnetic hysteresis loops were shown to have a coercive field of 23.9 kA m(-1) (300 G) and magnetization of 1000 kA m(-1). The out-of-plane direction revealed enhanced coercive fields of 207 kA m(-1) (2.6 kG) which was attributed to the shape anisotropy of column grains observed with electron microscopy. Angular dependence of the switching field showed that the magnetization reversal mechanism is governed by 180 domain wall pinning. In the thickness-dependent combinatorial study, co-sputtered composition spreads had a thickness ranging from 50 to 500 nm and (Fe 70 Co 30) 100-x V x compositions of x = 2-80. Comparison of high-throughput magneto-optical Kerr effect and traditional vibrating sample magnetometer measurements show agreement of trends in coercive fields across large composition and thickness regions. C1 [Fackler, Sean W.; Gao, Tieren; Stasak, Drew; Lopez, Kenny; Zayac, Brad; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD USA. [Alexandrakis, Vasileios; Koenig, Dennis; Ludwig, Alfred] Ruhr Univ t Bochum, Inst Mat, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Bochum, Germany. [Kusne, A. Gilad] Nat Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kramer, Matthew J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab & Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Mehta, Apurva] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Takeuchi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD USA. EM takeuchi@umd.edu FU European Commission [NMP3-SL-2012-280670]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Office of Science [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX This work supported by European Commission [grant number NMP3-SL-2012-280670], Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [grant number DE-AC02-07CH11358], Office of Science [grant number DE-AC02-76SF00515]. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-6996 EI 1878-5514 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1080/14686996.2017.1287520 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA EP4AU UT WOS:000397323700001 ER PT J AU Pan, ZT Shi, CH Kumar, S Gao, ZQ AF Pan, Zaitao Shi, Chunhua Kumar, Sanjiv Gao, Zhiqiu TI North Pacific SST Forcing on the Central United States "Warming Hole" as Simulated in CMIP5 Coupled Historical and Uncoupled AMIP Experiments SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article DE warming hole; climate change; teleconnection; Pacific Decadal Oscillation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; AMERICAN CLIMATE; PART II; 20TH-CENTURY; ATTRIBUTION; OSCILLATION; MODELS; TRENDS AB The central United States experienced a cooling trend during the twentieth century, called the "warming hole," most notably in the last quarter of the century when global warming accelerated. The coupled simulations of the models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phases 3 and 5 (CMIP3/5), have been unable to reproduce this abnormal cooling phenomenon satisfactorily. An unrealistic representation of the observed phasing of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)-one of the proposed forcing mechanisms for the warming hole-in the models is considered to be one of the main causes of this effect. The CMIP5' s uncoupled Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) experiment, whose duration approximately coincides with the peak warming hole cooling period, provides an opportunity, when compared with the coupled historical experiment, to examine the role of the variation in Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) in the warming hole's formation and also to assess the skill of the models in simulating the teleconnection between Pacific SST and the continental climate in North America. Accordingly, this study compared AMIP and historical runs in the CMIP5 suite thereby isolating the role of SST forcing in the formation of the warming hole and its maintenance mechanisms. It was found that, even when SST forcing in the AMIP run was " perfectly" prescribed in the models, the skill of the models in simulating the warming hole cooling in the central United States showed little improvement over the historical run, in which SST is calculated interactively, even though the AMIP run overestimated the anti-correlation between temperature in the central United States and the PDO index. The fact that better simulation of the PDO phasing in the AMIP run did not translate into an improved summer cooling trend in the central United States suggests that the inability of the coupled CMIP5 models to reproduce the warming hole under the historical run is not mainly a result of the mismatch between simulated and observed PDO phasing, as believed. C1 [Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Pan, Zaitao; Shi, Chunhua; Gao, Zhiqiu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Kumar, Sanjiv] NOAA, ESRL Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pan, ZT (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.; Pan, ZT (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM panz@slu.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475085, 41375047, 91537213]; NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP); NRC Research Associateship Award at NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division FX The National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant numbers [41475085, 41375047, and 91537213] and the NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) are also acknowledged for their partial support. Sanjiv Kumar's contribution was supported by an NRC Research Associateship Award at NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 EI 1480-9214 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 57 EP 77 DI 10.1080/07055900.2016.1261690 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA EO2AB UT WOS:000396497900005 ER PT J AU Stier, AC Samhouri, JF Gray, S Martone, RG Mach, ME Halpern, BS Kappel, CV Scarborough, C Levin, PS AF Stier, Adrian C. Samhouri, Jameal F. Gray, Steven Martone, Rebecca G. Mach, Megan E. Halpern, Benjamin S. Kappel, Carrie V. Scarborough, Courtney Levin, Phillip S. TI Integrating Expert Perceptions into Food Web Conservation and Management SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mental model; fuzzy logic cognitive maps; decision-making; Haida Gwaii; herring; ecosystem-based management; food web ID DECISION-MAKING; KNOWLEDGE; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; SCIENCE; MODELS; POLICY; WORLD AB Decision-makers often rely on expert knowledge, especially in complex and data-poor social-ecological systems (SESs). However, expert knowledge and perceptions of SES structure and function vary; therefore, understanding how these perceptions differ is critical to building knowledge and developing sustainability solutions. Here, we quantify how scientific, local, and traditional knowledge experts vary in their perceptions of food webs centered on Pacific herring-a valuable ecological, economic, and cultural resource in Haida Gwaii, BC, Canada. Expert perceptions of the herring food web varied markedly in structure, and a simulated herring recovery with each of these unique mental models demonstrated wide variability in the perceived importance of herring to the surrounding food web. Using this general approach to determine the logical consequences of expert perceptions of SES structure in the context of potential future management actions, decision-makers can work explicitly toward filling knowledge gaps while embracing a diversity of perspectives. C1 [Stier, Adrian C.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Kappel, Carrie V.; Scarborough, Courtney] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.; Levin, Phillip S.] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gray, Steven] Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Martone, Rebecca G.; Mach, Megan E.] Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 555E, Monterey, CA USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Imperial Coll London, impcol, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot SL57PY, Berks, England. [Stier, Adrian C.] Northwest Fisheries Sci, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Stier, AC (reprint author), Northwest Fisheries Sci, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM adrian.stier@gmail.com FU Ocean Tipping Points grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX AS, JS, PL, RM, MM, BH, CK, CS, were funded in part by the Ocean Tipping Points grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We sincerely appreciate the participation of all respondents on and off Haida Gwaii, and are indebted to N. Sloan and Lynn Lee for many hours of helpful feedback during the survey development. We thank M. Hunsicker, the broader Ocean Tipping Points group, two anonymous reviewers, and colleagues at the NWFSC for valuable feedback and advice. JS and AS acknowledge Sebastian, Fufo, Cofrin, Barco, Aqualounge, and Iguana for inspiration. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN-APR PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1111/conl.12245 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN5LK UT WOS:000396046700008 ER PT J AU Ciss, AA Moody, D AF Ciss, Abdoul Aziz Moody, Dustin TI Arithmetic Progressions on Conics SO JOURNAL OF INTEGER SEQUENCES LA English DT Article DE arithemetic progression; conic ID SQUARE VALUES; ELLIPTIC-CURVES; QUADRATICS AB In this paper, we look at long arithmetic progressions on conics. By an arithmetic progression on a curve. we mean the existence of rational points on the curve whose x-coordinates are in arithmetic progression. We revisit arithmetic progressions on the unit circle, constructing 3-term progressions of points in the first quadrant containing an arbitrary rational point on the unit circle. We also provide infinite families of 3 term progressions on the unit hyperbola, as well as conics ax(2) + cy(2) = 1 containing arithmetic progressions as long as 8 terms. C1 [Ciss, Abdoul Aziz] Ecole Polytech Thies, Lab Traitement Informat & Syst Intelligents, BP A10, Thies, Senegal. [Moody, Dustin] NIST, Comp Secur Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ciss, AA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Thies, Lab Traitement Informat & Syst Intelligents, BP A10, Thies, Senegal. EM aaciss@ept.sn; dustin.moody@nist.gov FU MACISA-LIRIMA project; Simons Foundation through the Pole of Research in Mathematics and their Applications to Information Security in Subsaharan Africa (PRMAIS) FX The first author acknowledges support from the MACISA-LIRIMA project and the Simons Foundation through the Pole of Research in Mathematics and their Applications to Information Security in Subsaharan Africa (PRMAIS). We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and suggestions, and in particular for pointing us to some of the previous results in the literature which we were not aware oh NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WATERLOO PI WATERLOO PA DEPT COMPUTER SCIENCE, WATERLOO, ON NL2L 3G1, CANADA SN 1530-7638 J9 J INTEGER SEQ JI J. Integer Seq. PY 2017 VL 20 IS 2 AR 17.2.6 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA EO3VZ UT WOS:000396623900006 ER PT J AU Butler, JE Vikharev, A Gorbachev, A Lobaev, M Muchnikov, A Radischev, D Isaev, V Chernov, V Bogdanov, S Drozdov, M Demidov, E Surovegina, E Shashkin, V Davidov, A Tan, HY Meshi, L Pakpour-Tabrizi, AC Hicks, ML Jackman, RB AF Butler, James E. Vikharev, Anatoly Gorbachev, Alexei Lobaev, Mikhail Muchnikov, Anatoly Radischev, Dmitry Isaev, Vladimir Chernov, Valerii Bogdanov, Sergey Drozdov, Mikail Demidov, Evgeniy Surovegina, Ekaterina Shashkin, Vladimir Davidov, Albert Tan, Haiyan Meshi, Louisa Pakpour-Tabrizi, Alexander C. Hicks, Marie-Laure Jackman, Richard B. TI Nanometric diamond delta doping with boron SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE diamond; boron; delta doping; carrier mobility; Hall effect; growth ID DOPED DIAMOND; DEPTH RESOLUTION; DEVICES AB Diamond is desired for active semiconducting device because of it high carrier mobility, high voltage breakdown resistance, and high thermal diffusivity. Exploiting diamond as a semiconductor is hampered by the lack of shallow dopants to create sufficient electronic carriers at room temperature. In this work, nanometer thick, heavily boron doped epitaxial dia-mond 'delta doped' layers have been grown on ultra smooth diamond surfaces which demonstrate p type conduction with enhanced Hall mobilities of up to 120 cm(2)/Vs and sheet car-rier concentrations to 6 x 10(13) cm(- 2), thus enabling a new class of active diamond electronic devices. C1 [Butler, James E.; Vikharev, Anatoly; Gorbachev, Alexei; Lobaev, Mikhail; Muchnikov, Anatoly; Radischev, Dmitry; Isaev, Vladimir; Chernov, Valerii; Bogdanov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Butler, James E.] St Petersburg Electrochem Univ LETI, St Petersburg, Russia. [Drozdov, Mikail; Demidov, Evgeniy; Surovegina, Ekaterina; Shashkin, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Davidov, Albert; Tan, Haiyan; Meshi, Louisa] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meshi, Louisa] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, Beer Sheva, Israel. [Pakpour-Tabrizi, Alexander C.; Hicks, Marie-Laure; Jackman, Richard B.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London, England. [Pakpour-Tabrizi, Alexander C.; Hicks, Marie-Laure; Jackman, Richard B.] UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia.; Butler, JE (reprint author), St Petersburg Electrochem Univ LETI, St Petersburg, Russia. EM jimbutler29@comcast.net FU Russian Government (IAP RAS) [14.B25.31.0021]; UKs Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/H020055/1, EP/N004159/1]; EC [640947]; EPSRC; UCL; Material Genome Initiative FX This work was supported by Act 220 of the Russian Government (Agreement no. 14.B25.31.0021 with the host organization IAP RAS). Specific commercial equipment, instruments, and materials that are identified in this report are listed to adequately describe the experimental procedure and are not intended to imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Alexander Kolyadin and Irakli Aneli of New Diamond Technology (St. Petersburg Russia) are thanked for their assistance in sample preparation technologies. RBJ is grateful to the UKs Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for financial support (EP/H020055/1 and EP/N004159/1) and the EC Horizon 2020 programme for the award of the project 'GREENDIA-MOND' (research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 640947), which also supports the work of ACP-T and M-L H. M-LH acknowledges EPSRC and UCL for the award of a PhD studentship. A.V.D. acknowledges the support of Material Genome Initiative funding allocated to NIST. Arkady Murel is thanked for useful discussion of results and interpretations of CV measurements and P.A. Yunin is thanked for assistance with the SIMS recovery procedure. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6254 EI 1862-6270 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 AR UNSP 1600329 DI 10.1002/pssr.201600329 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA EO0PX UT WOS:000396401500009 ER PT J AU Leibfried, D AF Leibfried, Dietrich TI Playing tricks to ions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; QUANTUM LOGIC; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; STATES; GATES AB Ted Hansch's career is defined by breaking new ground in experimental physics. Curiosity, vivid imagination, deep understanding, patience and tenacity are part of the winning formula, but perhaps an equally important ingredient may be Ted's favorite past-time of exploring new tricks in his "Spiellabor" (play-lab), that often resurfaced as key ingredients in rather serious experiments later. On the occasion of Ted's 75th birthday, a few past and potential future experiments with trapped ions are playfully surveyed here. Some of these tricks are already part of the trade, some are currently emerging and a few are mostly speculation today. Maybe some of the latter will be realized and even prove useful in the future. C1 [Leibfried, Dietrich] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Ion Storage Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Ion Storage Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dil@boulder.nist.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 123 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1007/s00340-016-6589-3 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA EL0CL UT WOS:000394290300010 ER PT J AU Colt, J Maynard, D AF Colt, John Maynard, Desmond TI Impacts of chiller failure on temperature change in isolation incubators for salmonids SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; EMBRYOS; ALEVINS AB Mechanical chillers can be used to slow the development of salmon eggs and fry. Chiller failure can result in a rapid temperature increases that may adversely impact salmon development. In this study, three types of chiller failure were simulated: (1) CF - failure of chiller, (2) PF - failure of recirculation pump, and (3) NR - chiller failure for a chiller system without a coldwater reservoir. Temperatures were monitored at 38 locations at the Burley Creek Hatchery using 4-channel loggers (Onset, Model U12-008) and Hobo pendant loggers (Onset, UA-001-64). The maximum temperature responses for 30-, 60-, and 90-min intervals were determined for both failure and restart. For the 30-min period, the maximum Delta Ts were equal to 3.37 degrees C for NR, 2.62 degrees C for PF, and 1.79 degrees C for CF. The magnitude of the Delta Ts were larger for restart compared to failure. The response of the Hobo loggers were very close to the 4-channel loggers even though their time response was significantly slower. The PF and CF failure modes were modeled as two unequal sized CFSTR (coldwater reservoir and incubator) in series and NR mode was modeled as a single CFSTR (incubator). Theoretical and measured mean hydraulic resident times were used to estimate the both deviation between the actual temperature and the modeled temperatures as well as the maximum temperature increases at 30-, 60-, and 90-min intervals. The PF-failure and NR-restart were quite good CFSTRs (stagnant regions of about 9%), while the remaining failure modes had poorer performance (stagnant regions ranging from 25 to 35%). If the theoretical mean hydraulic residence times are used for design, these values must be multiplied by the appropriate reactor correction factors to estimate the size of physical coldwater and glycol reservoirs needed. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John; Maynard, Desmond] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of Energy [2007-402-00] FX We wish to thank the Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of Energy for funding this work under Project number 2007-402-00 and the Idaho Department of Fish and Game for supplying temperature data. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 76 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.01.002 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA EM3MO UT WOS:000395219500003 ER PT J AU Lawler, JE Sneden, C Nave, G Den Hartog, EA Emrahoglu, N Cowan, JJ AF Lawler, J. E. Sneden, C. Nave, G. Den Hartog, E. A. Emrahoglu, N. Cowan, J. J. TI IMPROVED Cr II log(gf) VALUES AND ABUNDANCE DETERMINATIONS IN THE PHOTOSPHERES OF THE SUN AND METAL-POOR STAR HD 84937 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; stars: abundances; stars: individual (HD 84937); stars: Population II; Sun: abundances ID ARGON BRANCHING RATIOS; ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; SPECTRAL-INTENSITY CALIBRATION; GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; DETAILED ABUNDANCES; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; FERRUM PROJECT AB New emission branching fraction (BF) measurements for 183 lines of the second spectrum of chromium (Cr II) and new radiative lifetime measurements from laser-induced fluorescence for 8 levels of Cr+ are reported. The goals of this study are to improve transition probability measurements in Cr II and reconcile solar and stellar Cr abundance values based on Cr I and Cr II lines. Eighteen spectra from three Fourier Transform Spectrometers supplemented with ultraviolet spectra from a high-resolution echelle spectrometer are used in the BF measurements. Radiative lifetimes from this study and earlier publications are used to convert the BFs into absolute transition probabilities. These new laboratory data are applied to determine the Cr abundance log e in the Sun and metal-poor star HD 84937. The mean result in the Sun is < log epsilon(Cr II) > - 5.624 +/- 0.009 compared to < log e(Cr I) > - 5.644 +/- 0.006 on a scale with the hydrogen abundance log epsilon(H) = 12 and with the uncertainty representing only line-to-line scatter. A Saha (ionization balance) test on the photosphere of HD 84937 is also performed, yielding < log epsilon(Cr II) > = 3.417 +/- 0.006 and < log epsilon(Cr I, lower level excitation potential E. P. > 0 eV)> = 3.374 +/- 0.011 for this dwarf star. We find a correlation of Cr with the iron-peak element Ti, suggesting an associated nucleosynthetic production. Four iron-peak elements (Cr along with Ti, V, and Sc) appear to have a similar (or correlated) production history-other iron-peak elements appear not to be associated with Cr. C1 [Lawler, J. E.; Den Hartog, E. A.; Emrahoglu, N.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sneden, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sneden, C.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Nave, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cowan, J. J.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Emrahoglu, N.] Cukurova Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Sci Educ, Adana, Turkey. RP Lawler, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jelawler@wisc.edu; chris@verdi.as.utexas.edu; gnave@nist.gov; eadenhar@wisc.edu; emrahoglu@gmail.com; jjcowan1@ou.edu FU NASA [NNX16AE96G, NNH10AN381]; NSF [AST1516182, AST-1211585]; Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); National Science Foundation [PHY-1430152] FX We thank the referee for helpful comments that have led to improvements in the paper. This work is supported in part by NASA grant NNX16AE96G (J.E.L.), by NSF grant AST1516182 (J.E.L. and E.D.H.), by NASA interagency agreement NNH10AN381 (G.N.), and NSF grant AST-1211585 (C.S.). Postdoctoral research support for N.E. is from the Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). J.J.C. acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). The authors are grateful to Dr. Craig Sansonnetti for recording FTS Spectrum # 18. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 228 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.3847/1538-4365/228/1/10 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EL3HK UT WOS:000394510000002 ER PT J AU Perez, DL Baker, PJ Pintar, AL Sun, JR Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Perez, Daneli Lopez Baker, Paula J. Pintar, Adam L. Sun, Jirun Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Experimental and statistical methods to evaluate antibacterial activity of a quaternary pyridinium salt on planktonic, biofilm-forming, and biofilm states SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial; biofilm; interval censored data; minimum inhibitory concentration; minimum bactericidal concentration; quaternary pyridinium salt ID STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INFECTIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; AGENTS; QUANTIFICATION; MECHANISMS AB Robust evaluation and comparison of antimicrobial technologies are critical to improving biofilm prevention and treatment. Herein, a multi-pronged experimental framework and statistical models were applied to determine the effects of quaternary pyridinium salt, 4-acetyl-1-hexadecylpyridin-1-ium iodide (QPS-1), on Streptococcus mutans in the planktonic, biofilm-forming and biofilm cell states. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) were determined via common methods with novel application of statistical approaches combining random effects models and interval censored data to estimate uncertainties. The MICs and MBCs for planktonic and biofilm-forming states ranged from 3.12 to 12.5 mu g ml(-1), with biofilm values only approximate to 8 times higher. Potent anti-biofilm activity and reactive structural features make QPS-1 a promising antibacterial additive for dental and potentially other biomedical devices. Together, the experimental framework and statistical models provide estimates and uncertainties for effective antimicrobial concentrations in multiple cell states, enabling statistical comparisons and improved characterization of antibacterial agents. C1 [Perez, Daneli Lopez; Baker, Paula J.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pintar, Adam L.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, Jirun] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Perez, Daneli Lopez] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lin, NJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nancy.lin@nist.gov FU National Research Council FX This work was financially supported in part by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship to DLP. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2017 VL 33 IS 3 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1080/08927014.2017.1286476 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM9RK UT WOS:000395648600002 ER PT J AU Koren, I Tziperman, E Feingold, G AF Koren, Ilan Tziperman, Eli Feingold, Graham TI Exploring the nonlinear cloud and rain equation SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION SYSTEM; STRATOCUMULUS; CONVECTION; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; ALBEDO; MODELS; CELLS AB Marine stratocumulus cloud decks are regarded as the reflectors of the climate system, returning back to space a significant part of the income solar radiation, thus cooling the atmosphere. Such clouds can exist in two stable modes, open and closed cells, for a wide range of environmental conditions. This emergent behavior of the system, and its sensitivity to aerosol and environmental properties, is captured by a set of nonlinear equations. Here, using linear stability analysis, we express the transition from steady to a limit-cycle state analytically, showing how it depends on the model parameters. We show that the control of the droplet concentration (N), the environmental carrying-capacity (H-0), and the cloud recovery parameter (tau) can be linked by a single nondimensional parameter (mu = root N/(alpha tau H-0)), suggesting that for deeper clouds the transition from open (oscillating) to closed (stable fixed point) cells will occur for higher droplet concentration (i.e., higher aerosol loading). The analytical calculations of the possible states, and how they are affected by changes in aerosol and the environmental variables, provide an enhanced understanding of the complex interactions of clouds and rain. (C) 2017 Author(s). C1 [Koren, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [306965]; NSF Physical Oceanography program [OCE-1535800] FX The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 306965 (CAPRI). E.T. is funded by the NSF Physical Oceanography program, Grant No. OCE-1535800, and thanks the Weizmann Institute for its hospitality during parts of this work. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JAN PY 2017 VL 27 IS 1 AR 013107 DI 10.1063/1.4973593 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA EM0UM UT WOS:000395033200008 PM 28147495 ER PT J AU Vasslides, JM de Mutsert, K Christensen, V Townsend, H AF Vasslides, James M. de Mutsert, Kim Christensen, Villy Townsend, Howard TI Using the Ecopath with Ecosim Modeling Approach to Understand the Effects of Watershed-based Management Actions in Coastal Ecosystems SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; eutrophication; EwE; habitat restoration; salinity ID FOOD-WEB MODEL; MARSH RESTORATION; EUTROPHICATION; FISHERIES; ESTUARIES; ECOLOGY; FISH; BAY AB Resource managers are often tasked with identifying and assessing the potential impacts of management actions on the biotic communities under their care. When the management activities directly influence a single species of interest, managers can turn to a variety of models to aid in their understanding of potential changes to that population. However, as ecosystem-based management becomes more widely accepted, managers will have to understand how proposed actions will impact entire biotic communities, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Thus, there is a need for ecosystem models that account for both trophic and non-trophic interactions, and that can be relatively easily used to assess a variety of management scenarios. We reviewed the available literature regarding incorporation of eutrophication and other anthropogenic impacts into Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), one of the more widely used trophic ecosystem modeling frameworks. We found that a number of mechanisms of varying complexity have been used to include these stressors in models, providing managers with a suite of options that can be used to complement their existing management options as they seek to understand the impacts of human interactions on the natural environment. C1 [Vasslides, James M.] Barnegat Bay Partnership, POB 2001, Toms River, NJ 08754 USA. [de Mutsert, Kim] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Christensen, Villy] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Townsend, Howard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Chesapeake Bay Off, Oxford, MD USA. RP Vasslides, JM (reprint author), Barnegat Bay Partnership, POB 2001, Toms River, NJ 08754 USA. EM jvasslides@ocean.edu FU Coastal Society; Taylor Francis Group; Atlantic Estuarine Research Society; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Barnegat Bay Partnership FX The idea for this paper sprung from discussions at an Ecosystem Modelling Workshop held in 2012 sponsored by The Coastal Society, Taylor & Francis Group, Atlantic Estuarine Research Society, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Barnegat Bay Partnership. This manuscript benefited from the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2017 VL 45 IS 1 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.1080/08920753.2017.1237241 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2QF UT WOS:000394463800003 ER PT J AU Szymkowiak, M Himes-Cornell, A AF Szymkowiak, Marysia Himes-Cornell, Amber TI Do Active Participation Measures Help Fishermen Retain Fishing Privileges? SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE active participation; catch shares; fisheries; leasing; owner-on-board ID MARKETS; QUOTA AB In numerous fisheries management programs, managers have implemented measures to ensure that the benefits of the fishery accrue to those who are actively fishing. Although active participation measures are common in fisheries management, there has been limited research on these measures. This study highlights the variety of objectives that motivate the development of active participation measures and how they have been implemented. We examine the application of these measures in four case study fisheries management programsthe Alaska Halibut and Sablefish Individual Fishing Quota, the Pacific Coast Sablefish Permit Stacking, the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Crab Rationalization, and the Alaska State Limited Entry programsand, based on the experiences in these programs, provide recommendations for instituting active participation measures in other management programs. C1 [Szymkowiak, Marysia] NOAA, Alaska Sea Grant, Fisheries Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 21668, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, European Inst Marine Studies AMURE, Brest, France. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Excellence Sea LABEX, Brest, France. RP Szymkowiak, M (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Sea Grant, Fisheries Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 21668, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM marysia.szymkowiak@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology; "Laboratoire d'Excellence" LabexMER at the European Institute of Marine Sciences [ANR-10-LABX-19] FX This work was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology and the "Laboratoire d'Excellence" LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19) at the European Institute of Marine Sciences. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2017 VL 45 IS 1 BP 56 EP 72 DI 10.1080/08920753.2017.1237243 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL2QF UT WOS:000394463800004 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DM Dietrich, JC Hagen, SC Medeiros, SC AF Kidwell, David M. Dietrich, J. Casey Hagen, Scott C. Medeiros, Stephen C. TI An Earth's Future Special Collection: Impacts of the coastal dynamics of sea level rise on low-gradient coastal landscapes SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Editorial Material DE sea level rise; wetlands; tidal hydrodynamics; storm surge; Gulf of Mexico; sedimentation ID PROJECTIONS; WETLANDS; RIVER; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Rising sea level represents a significant threat to coastal communities and ecosystems, including altered habitats and increased vulnerability to coastal storms and recurrent inundation. This threat is exemplified in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where low topography, marshes, and a prevalence of tropical storms have resulted in extensive coastal impacts. The ability to facilitate adaptation and mitigation measures relies, in part, on the development of robust predictive capabilities that incorporate complex biological processes with physical dynamics. Initiated in 2010, the 6-year Ecological Effects of Sea Level RiseNorthern Gulf of Mexico project applied a transdisciplinary science approach to develop a suite of integrated modeling platforms informed by empirical data that are capable of evaluating a range of climate change scenarios. This special issue highlights resultant integrated models focused on tidal hydrodynamics, shoreline morphology, oyster ecology, coastal wetland vulnerability, and storm surges that demonstrate the need for dynamic models to incorporate feedbacks among physical and biological processes in assessments of sea level rise effects on coastal systems. Effects are projected to be significant, spatially variable and nonlinear relative to sea level rise rates. Scenarios of higher sea level rise rates are projected to exceed thresholds of wetland sustainability, and many regions will experience enhanced storm surges. Influenced by an extensive collaborative stakeholder engagement process, these assessments on the coastal dynamics of sea level rise provide a strong foundation for resilience measures in the northern Gulf of Mexico and a transferable approach for application to other coastal regions throughout the world. C1 [Kidwell, David M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dietrich, J. Casey] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hagen, Scott C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Medeiros, Stephen C.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Kidwell, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM David.Kidwell@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD JAN PY 2017 VL 5 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1002/2016EF000493 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM0IK UT WOS:000395001800001 ER PT J AU Larson, EJL Portmann, RW Rosenlof, KH Fahey, DW Daniel, JS Ross, MN AF Larson, Erik J. L. Portmann, Robert W. Rosenlof, Karen H. Fahey, David W. Daniel, John S. Ross, Martin N. TI Global atmospheric response to emissions from a proposed reusable space launch system SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE Stratosphere; Ozone; Emissions ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; OZONE DEPLETION; TEMPERATURE; MESOSPHERE; EXHAUST; REENTRY; ROCKET; CLOUDS; TRENDS AB Modern reusable launch vehicle technology may allow high flight rate space transportation at low cost. Emissions associated with a hydrogen fueled reusable rocket system are modeled based on the launch requirements of developing a space-based solar power system that generates present-day global electric energy demand. Flight rates from 10(4) to 10(6)per year are simulated and sustained to a quasisteady state. For the assumed rocket engine, H2O and NOX are the primary emission products; this also includes NOX produced during reentry heating. For a base case of 10(5) flights per year, global stratospheric and mesospheric water vapor increase by approximately 10 and 100%, respectively. As a result, high-latitude cloudiness increases in the lower stratosphere and near the mesopause by as much as 20%. Increased water vapor also results in global effective radiative forcing of about 0.03W/m(2). NOX produced during reentry exceeds meteoritic production by more than an order of magnitude, and along with in situ stratospheric emissions, results in a 0.5% loss of the globally averaged ozone column, with column losses in the polar regions exceeding 2%. C1 [Larson, Erik J. L.; Portmann, Robert W.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Fahey, David W.; Daniel, John S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Larson, Erik J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ross, Martin N.] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Larson, EJL (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Larson, EJL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM erik.larson@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI /0000-0002-0903-8270; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors would like to thank Keith Henson of the L5 Society for suggesting this study. They also thank Keith Henson and Richard Varvill of Reaction Engines Ltd for their helpful discussions in the development of this paper. This study was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office. This paper does not analyze any observational data; however, simulation output can be requested from the corresponding author. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD JAN PY 2017 VL 5 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1002/2016EF000399 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM0IK UT WOS:000395001800004 ER PT J AU Scales, KL Hazen, EL Jacox, MG Edwards, CA Boustany, AM Oliver, MJ Bograd, SJ AF Scales, Kylie L. Hazen, Elliott L. Jacox, Michael G. Edwards, Christopher A. Boustany, Andre M. Oliver, Matthew J. Bograd, Steven J. TI Scale of inference: on the sensitivity of habitat models for wide-ranging marine predators to the resolution of environmental data SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; TELEMETRY DATA; DYNAMIC OCEAN; TOP PREDATOR; GRAIN-SIZE; SEA AB Understanding and predicting the responses of wide-ranging marine predators such as cetaceans, seabirds, sharks, turtles, pinnipeds and large migratory fish to dynamic oceanographic conditions requires habitat-based models that can sufficiently capture their environmental preferences. Marine ecosystems are inherently dynamic, and animal-environment interactions are known to occur over multiple, nested spatial and temporal scales. The spatial resolution and temporal averaging of environmental data layers are therefore key considerations in modelling the environmental determinants of habitat selection. The utility of environmental data contemporaneous to animal presence or movement (e.g. daily, weekly), versus synoptic products (monthly, seasonal, climatological) is currently debated, as are the trade-offs between near real-time, high resolution and composite (i.e. synoptic, cloud-free) data fields. Using movement simulations with built-in environmental preferences in combination with both modelled and remotely-sensed (ROMS, MODIS-Aqua) sea surface temperature (SST) fields, we explore the effects of spatial and temporal resolution (3-111 km, daily-climatological) in predictive habitat models. Results indicate that models fitted using seasonal or climatological data fields can introduce bias in presence-availability designs based upon animal movement datasets, particularly in highly dynamic oceanographic domains. These effects were pronounced where models were constructed using seasonal or climatological fields of coarse (>0.25 degree) spatial resolution. However, cloud obstruction can lead to significant information loss in remotely-sensed data fields. We found that model accuracy decreased substantially above 70% data loss. In cloudy regions, weekly or monthly environmental data fields may therefore be preferable. These findings have important implications for marine resource management, particularly in identifying key habitats for populations of conservation concern, and in forecasting climate-mediated ecosystem changes. C1 [Scales, Kylie L.; Jacox, Michael G.; Edwards, Christopher A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Scales, Kylie L.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Jacox, Michael G.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Boustany, Andre M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Oliver, Matthew J.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Scales, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Scales, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kylie.scales@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Inst. for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (NOAA SWFSC/UC Santa Cruz) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Roland Langrock in advising HMM development, and participants of a December 2014 workshop at Duke Univ., North Carolina 'Contemporaneous vs climatological variable use in habitat models'. We also thank Toby Garfield and Ian Jonsen for their contributions to the manuscript. This work was funded under the Cooperative Inst. for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (NOAA SWFSC/UC Santa Cruz). NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1111/ecog.02272 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL5OO UT WOS:000394670600019 ER PT J AU Redfern, JV Hatch, LT Caldow, C DeAngelis, ML Gedamke, J Hastings, S Henderson, L McKenna, MF Moore, TJ Porter, MB AF Redfern, Jessica V. Hatch, Leila T. Caldow, Chris DeAngelis, Monica L. Gedamke, Jason Hastings, Sean Henderson, Laurel McKenna, Megan F. Moore, Thomas J. Porter, Michael B. TI Assessing the risk of chronic shipping noise to baleen whales off Southern California, USA SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic noise; Risk assessment; Habitat modeling; Automatic Identification System (AIS) data; Commercial shipping ID ACOUSTIC NORMAL-MODES; PACIFIC BLUE WHALES; AMBIENT NOISE; NUMERICAL-METHOD; WEST-COAST; OCEAN; TRENDS; ABUNDANCE; CETACEANS; WATERS AB Low-frequency noise that is part of the acoustic environment for baleen whales has increased in many areas of the Northeast Pacific Ocean that contain whale habitat. We conducted a spatially explicit risk assessment of noise from commercial shipping to blue, fin, and humpback whale habitats in Southern California waters and explored how noise is affected by several placebased management techniques: a National Marine Sanctuary, an Area to be Avoided (ATBA), and a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS). We used shipping data to model noise at 2 frequencies that are part of the acoustic environment for these species and capture the variable contributions from shipping to noise. Predicted noise levels in Southern California waters suggest high, region-wide exposure to shipping noise. Our risk assessment identified several areas where the acoustic environment may be degraded for blue, fin, and humpback whales because their habitat overlaps with areas of elevated noise from shipping traffic and 2 places where blue and humpback whale feeding areas overlap with lower predicted noise levels. One of the places with lower predicted noise occurs in the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS). Noise has not been directly managed within the CINMS; instead, reduced noise in this portion of the CINMS is likely an ancillary benefit of the ATBA surrounding most of the Sanctuary. Areas of elevated noise in the CINMS also occur, primarily where a TSS intersects the Sanctuary's boundaries. Our risk assessment framework can be used to evaluate how shipping traffic affects acoustic environments and explore management strategies. C1 [Redfern, Jessica V.; Moore, Thomas J.] NOAA Fisheries, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hatch, Leila T.] NOAA, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanct, Natl Ocean Serv, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Caldow, Chris; Hastings, Sean] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Channel Isl Natl Marine Sanctuary, Ocean Sci Educ Bldg 514,MC 6155, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [DeAngelis, Monica L.] NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, West Coast Reg Off, 501 W Ocean Blvd Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Henderson, Laurel; Porter, Michael B.] Heat Light & Sound Res, 1625 High Bluff Dr,Suite 211, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. [McKenna, Megan F.] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Sounds & Night Skies Div, 1201 Oakridge Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Redfern, JV (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jessica.redfern@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biology Program FX The whale habitat models could not have been developed without the help of the coauthors on the Redfern et al. (2013) paper, particularly Karin Forney and Elizabeth Becker, and the data collected through the tireless efforts of the crew and scientists aboard the 'David Starr Jordan', the 'McArthur', and the 'McArthur II'. Funding for the collection of the HARP data came from NOAA-NMFS Office of Science and Technology, US Navy CNO N45, and the Naval Postgraduate School to John Hildebrand. We thank the Scripps Whale Acoustics Lab for the use of the HARP data in this study. We thank the captain and crew of the RV 'Shearwater' at the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary for assistance with collection of HARP data, and C. Garsha, E. Roth, B. Hurley, and T. Christianson for field support. We also thank Sofie Van Parijs, Jolie Harrison, and anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on the manuscript. The work done by Heat, Light & Sound Research, Inc. (M.B.P. and L.H.) was supported by NOAA's Ocean Acoustic Program and the Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biology Program. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.3354/esr00797 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EO9SB UT WOS:000397027300001 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Pollack, AG Driggers, WB Castro, JI Brame, AB Lee, JL AF Carlson, John K. Pollack, Adam G. Driggers, William B., III Castro, Jose I. Brame, Adam B. Lee, Jennifer L. TI Revised analyses suggest that the lesser electric ray Narcine bancroftii is not at risk of extinction SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Generalized linear model; Trawl; IUCN Red List; Endangered Species Act ID ABUNDANCE; MODELS; CATCH; FISH AB Among rays inhabiting US coastal waters in the western North Atlantic Ocean, a species of potential concern is the lesser electric ray Narcine bancroftii. The most recent International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Assessment indicates the species is Critically Endangered, which represents the highest risk of extinction based on IUCN criteria. The basis of this alarming designation was a reported 98% decline in abundance based on analyses of a long-term, fisheries-independent trawl survey conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico since 1972. The status of this species generated considerable concern within the conservation community, prompting a petition for its inclusion under the US Endangered Species Act. We critically examined all available sources of data relative to the abundance of lesser electric ray, including those utilized in the original analysis, and found lesser electric rays do not appear to be at risk of extinction. Contrary to the earlier analysis, we found no evidence of decline in the relative abundance of lesser electric rays, with trends in abundance being relatively flat with high variability. Our investigation determined that analyses of previous trawl surveys did not address major changes over time in survey design and disregarded the strong habitat preference of lesser electric rays. It is critical that the best possible information be used when considering the conservation status of a given species to minimize undue burdens and ensure that increasingly limited resources are applied to the recovery of those species that are truly in peril. C1 [Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Pollack, Adam G.] Riverside Technol Inc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Lab, Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Driggers, William B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Lab, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Castro, Jose I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brame, Adam B.; Lee, Jennifer L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.3354/esr00799 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EO9SB UT WOS:000397027300003 ER PT J AU Kuhn, CE Chumbley, K Johnson, D Fritz, L AF Kuhn, Carey E. Chumbley, Kathryn Johnson, Devin Fritz, Lowell TI A re-examination of the timing of pupping for Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus breeding on two islands in Alaska SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marmot Island; Pupping date; Pup production; Reproduction; Ugamak Island ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; REPRODUCTIVE SYNCHRONY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; POPULATION TRENDS; BIRTH; PUPS; AGE; ABUNDANCE; DATE; PARTURITION AB Steller sea lions are distributed from Japan to the California coast, USA, and population demographics vary spatially, with populations in some regions increasing while others are declining. To assess changes in population size, aerial surveys are conducted annually to quantify pup production. The timing of these surveys is critical for accurate population estimates, and survey windows were determined based on historical estimates of mean pupping date. We re assessed the timing of pupping for Steller sea lions at 2 breeding islands in the central Gulf of Alaska, USA (Marmot Island) and the eastern Aleutian Islands (Ugamak Island) for evidence of temporal shift. Using land-based counts of pups, we quantified mean pupping date and the duration of the pupping season between 2003 and 2013 and compared these data to historical mean pupping dates between 1977 and 1999. The mean pupping date of 9 June on Marmot Island was not significantly different than the mean pupping date on Ugamak Island, 8 June. On Marmot Island, mean pupping date differed by 3.7 +/- 0.9 d between beaches; however, mean pupping date did not differ between beaches on Ugamak Island. On Ugamak Island, mean pupping date was significantly earlier than previously reported by 2.5 d, but this may be an artifact of the limited number of years available for comparison. On Marmot Island mean pupping date was not different from historical dates. On both islands, 94.2 +/- 1.6% of the pups were born prior to the planned start of aerial surveys in Alaska (23 June). Our results demonstrate that although mean pupping date was variable and may have shifted earlier relative to historical data at Ugamak Island, the current timing of the aerial survey is suitable for obtaining peak pup counts for Steller sea lions in these regions. C1 [Kuhn, Carey E.; Chumbley, Kathryn; Johnson, Devin; Fritz, Lowell] NOAA, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kuhn, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carey.kuhn@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 32 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.3354/esr00796 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EO9SB UT WOS:000397027300006 ER PT J AU Ozkula, G Harris, J Uang, CM AF Ozkula, Gulen Harris, John Uang, Chia-Ming TI Observations from Cyclic Tests on Deep, Wide-Flange Beam-Columns SO ENGINEERING JOURNAL-AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE Beam-column; cyclic behavior; plastic rotation; local buckling; lateral-torsional buckling AB As part of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) comprehensive research program to study the seismic behavior and design of deep, wide-flange structural steel beam-column members for application in seismic design and construction of steel special moment frames, 25 deep column specimens were subjected to inelastic cyclic loading with three different levels of constant compression axial load (C-a = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6). The test matrix included five W24 sections (W24x55 to W24x176) to cover a wide range of element slenderness ratios for flange and web local buckling and member slenderness ratios for lateral-torsional buckling and weak-axis flexural buckling. The specimens satisfied AISC 341 requirements for highly or moderately ductile elements. All specimens were subjected to strong-axis bending, except for three specimens that were subjected to weak-axis bending and one specimen that was subjected to biaxial bending. Test results showed that the slenderness ratios had a significant effect on the failure mode-local versus global buckling. The presence of an axial load produced significant local buckling and axial shortening. The level of axial load also affected the plastic rotation capacity. Specimens with weak-axis bending were ductile, showing no local buckling up to a high story-drift ratio. Most of the strong-axis bending specimens were not able to deliver a plastic rotation of 0.03 radian. C1 [Ozkula, Gulen; Uang, Chia-Ming] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Harris, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Ozkula, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM gozkula@ucsd.edu; john.harris@nist.gov; cmu@ucsd.edu FU NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture under its Earthquake and Structural Engineering Research contract; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Funding for this research was provided by the NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture under its Earthquake and Structural Engineering Research contract with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J.O. Malley from Degenkolb Engineers chaired the Project Advisory Committee, and A. Hortacsu from the Applied Technology Council served as the Project Manager. The authors also would like to acknowledge the American Institute of Steel Construction for providing steel materials and The Herrick Corporation for fabricating the test specimens. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCTION PI CHICAGO PA ONE EAST WACKER DR, SUITE 3100, CHICAGO, IL 60601-2001 USA SN 0013-8029 J9 ENG J AISC JI Eng. J.-Amer. Inst. Steel Constr. PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 45 EP 59 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA EP0UJ UT WOS:000397101900003 ER PT J AU El Hadri, H Hackley, VA AF El Hadri, Hind Hackley, Vincent A. TI Investigation of cloud point extraction for the analysis of metallic nanoparticles in a soil matrix SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Article ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; HUMIC-ACID; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; NATURAL COLLOIDS AB characterization of manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) in environmental samples is necessary to assess their behavior, fate and potential toxicity. Several techniques are available, but the limit of detection (LOD) is often too high for environmentally relevant concentrations. Therefore, pre-concentration of MNPs is an important component in the sample preparation step, in order to apply analytical tools with a LOD higher than the ng kg(-1) level. The objective of this study was to explore cloud point extraction (CPE) as a viable method to pre-concentrate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as a model MNP, spiked into a soil extract matrix. To that end, different extraction conditions and surface coatings were evaluated in a simple matrix. The CPE method was then applied to soil extract samples spiked with AuNPs. Total gold, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following acid digestion, yielded a recovery greater than 90%. The first known application of single particle ICP-MS and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation to evaluate the preservation of the AuNP physical state following CPE extraction is demonstrated. C1 [El Hadri, Hind; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP El Hadri, H; Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM h.el.hadri@hotmail.fr; vince.hackley@nist.gov FU nanoEHS initiative at NIST FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to Stephen Wilson, Coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, Reference Materials Project, for kindly providing USGS reference soil for these studies. We acknowledge the nanoEHS initiative at NIST, coordinated by Debra Kaiser in the Materials Measurement Laboratory, for financial and programmatic support of this project and the postdoctoral research associateship of HEH. The authors would like to thank Christopher M. Sims, Arnab K. Mukherjee and R. David Holbrook for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2017 VL 4 IS 1 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1039/c6en00322b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL7BV UT WOS:000394777000010 ER PT J AU Pagliaro, JL Linteris, GT AF Pagliaro, J. L. Linteris, G. T. TI Hydrocarbon flame inhibition by C6F12O (Novec 1230): Unstretched burning velocity measurements and predictions SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fire suppression; Novec 1230; H/F ratio; Halon replacement; Burning velocity ID UNWANTED COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT; FLAMMABILITY LIMITS; 2-H HEPTAFLUOROPROPANE; HALON REPLACEMENTS; AIR FLAMES; REFRIGERANTS; TEMPERATURE; METHANE/AIR; CHEMISTRY; MIXTURES AB This study experimentally and numerically determined the unstretched laminar burning velocity of premixed CH4-air and C3H8-air flames with added C6F12O (Novec 1230). High-speed shadowgraphy of spherically expanding flames provided the burning velocity as a function of stretch, which was extrapolated to zero-stretch conditions using non-linear methods. Unstretched burning velocities predicted using a recently assembled kinetic mechanism were generally in good agreement with the measurements, but tended to have poorer agreement for highly-inhibited very lean flames. To benchmark the performance of C6F12O, measured burning velocities were compared to previously measured burning velocities of premixed flames inhibited by CF3Br (Halon 1301). The two agents provided similar reductions in the burning velocity of rich flames, whereas CF3Br provided greater reductions when added to stoichiometric and lean flames. Lastly, experiments and simulations showed the influence of water vapor on the burning velocity of lean C3H8-air flames with added C6F12O. The presence of water vapor in the oxidizer increased the burning velocity by up to 23% when the fluorine to hydrogen ratio of the reactant mixture was greater than unity. C1 [Pagliaro, J. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pagliaro, J. L.; Linteris, G. T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pagliaro, JL (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM JohnLPagliaro@gmail.com FU Boeing Company; NIST-ARRA Grant FX The authors thank Dr. Li Qiao and Dr. Kenji Takizawa for their help with the experimental setup. This work was supported by the Boeing Company and by a NIST-ARRA Grant. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 87 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.11.002 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EK6XP UT WOS:000394069900002 ER PT J AU Xu, G Larson, BI Bemis, KG Lilley, MD AF Xu, G. Larson, B. I. Bemis, K. G. Lilley, Marvin D. TI A preliminary 1-D model investigation of tidal variations of temperature and chlorinity at the Grotto mound, Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal vent; temperature; chlorinity; brine; tide; poroelastic model ID DIFFUSE HYDROTHERMAL FLOW; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; POROELASTIC RESPONSE; HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; SYSTEM H2O-NACL; PERMEABILITY; 1000-DEGREES-C; VARIABILITY; 0-DEGREES-C AB Tidal oscillations of venting temperature and chlorinity have been observed in the long-term time series data recorded by the Benthic and Resistivity Sensors (BARS) at the Grotto mound on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. In this study, we use a one-dimensional two-layer poroelastic model to conduct a preliminary investigation of three hypothetical scenarios in which seafloor tidal loading can modulate the venting temperature and chlorinity at Grotto through the mechanisms of subsurface tidal mixing and/or subsurface tidal pumping. For the first scenario, our results demonstrate that it is unlikely for subsurface tidal mixing to cause coupled tidal oscillations in venting temperature and chlorinity of the observed amplitudes. For the second scenario, the model results suggest that it is plausible that the tidal oscillations in venting temperature and chlorinity are decoupled with the former caused by subsurface tidal pumping and the latter caused by subsurface tidal mixing, although the mixing depth is not well constrained. For the third scenario, our results suggest that it is plausible for subsurface tidal pumping to cause coupled tidal oscillations in venting temperature and chlorinity. In this case, the observed tidal phase lag between venting temperature and chlorinity is close to the poroelastic model prediction if brine storage occurs throughout the upflow zone under the premise that layers 2A and 2B have similar crustal permeabilities. However, the predicted phase lag is poorly constrained if brine storage is limited to layer 2B as would be expected when its crustal permeability is much smaller than that of layer 2A. C1 [Xu, G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Larson, B. I.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bemis, K. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Lilley, Marvin D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Xu, G (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gxu@whoi.edu FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement [NA10OAR4320148]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1234141]; NSF [94069965, 9820105, 0120392, 0701196, 0751868, 0819004]; W. M. Keck Foundation; ONC FX G. Xu was funded by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as a postdoctoral scholar. B. I. Larson was partially funded by the PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320148. This is JISAO contribution 2016-01-33, and PMEL contribution 4533. K. G. Bemis was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) award OCE-1234141. The original development of the resistivity instruments was through an NSF grant to M. Lilley (94069965). Additional NSF grants (9820105, 0120392, 0701196, 0751868, and 0819004) allowed improvements and field deployments to be made. Additional support from the W. M. Keck Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Funds to refurbish the instrument for the deployment that produced the data discussed here were provided by ONC. We gratefully acknowledge the ROPOS group along with Ian Kulin and Steve Mihaly for their efforts during the deployment. We also gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Eric Olson through many years to help make these instruments field ready. The temperature and resistivity data recorded by BARS can be downloaded through the data search interface of ONC database (http://dmas.uvic.ca/DataSearch). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 18 IS 1 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1002/2016GC006537 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EM3AJ UT WOS:000395186600005 ER PT J AU Quay, P Sonnerup, R Munro, D Sweeney, C AF Quay, P. Sonnerup, R. Munro, D. Sweeney, C. TI Anthropogenic CO2 accumulation and uptake rates in the Pacific Ocean based on changes in the C-13/C-12 of dissolved inorganic carbon SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE C-13; C-12; anthropogenic change; Pacific Ocean; CO2 ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; DIOXIDE; MODEL; SINK AB The anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate for the Pacific Ocean was estimated from the decrease in C-13 of the dissolved inorganic carbon measured on six World Ocean Circulation Experiment cruises during the 1990s and repeated during Climate Variability and Predictability in the 2000s. A mean depth-integrated anthropogenic C-13 change of -8320mdecade(-1) was estimated for the basin by using the multiple linear regression approach. The largest anthropogenic C-13 decreases occurred between 40 degrees S and 60 degrees S, whereas the smallest decreases occurred in the Southern Ocean and subpolar North Pacific. A mean anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate of 0.410.13molCm(-2)yr(-1) (0.820.26PgCyr(-1)) was determined based on observed C-13 changes and is in agreement with previous observation- and model-based estimates. The mean dissolved inorganic carbon DIC13 inventory change of -178 +/- 43 parts per thousand molm(-2)decade(-1) was primarily the result of air-sea CO2 exchange acting on the measured air-sea C-13 disequilibrium of similar to-1.2 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand. Regional differences between the DIC13 inventory change and air-sea (CO2)-C-13 flux yielded net anthropogenic CO2 uptake rates (independent of pCO(2)) that ranged from similar to 0 to 1molm(-2)yr(-1) and basin-wide mean of 1.2 +/- 1.5PgCyr(-1). High rates of surface ocean DIC increase and C-13 decrease observed in the Drake Passage (53 degrees S-60 degrees S) support above average anthropogenic CO2 accumulation since 2005. Observed C-13 changes in the Pacific Ocean indicate that ocean transport significantly impacted the anthropogenic CO2 distribution and illustrate the utility of C-13 as a tracer to unravel the processes controlling the present and future accumulation of anth ropogenic CO2 in the ocean. C1 [Quay, P.; Sonnerup, R.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sonnerup, R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Munro, D.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Munro, D.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Quay, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pdquay@uw.edu OI Quay, Paul/0000-0001-5147-0289; MUNRO, DAVID/0000-0002-1373-7402 FU NSF [OCE 1259055, OCE 1356756] FX We thank all the personnel on the WOCE and CLIVAR, Gould, and HOT cruises who collected the delta13C samples and in the laboratories (NOSAMS, UW, and JAMSTEC) where the samples were analyzed especially Johnny Stutsman, Mark Haught, and many undergraduates who helped with the delta13C analyses at the UW. The delta13C data collected during WOCE and CLIVAR are available in the GLODAP database (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/GLODAPv2/). The surface delta13C data have been submitted to BCO-DMO (http://www.bco-dmo.org/data). This study was supported by NSF OCE 1259055 and OCE 1356756 (P.Q. and R.S.). Collection and analysis of Drake Passage samples were supported by NSF PLR 1341647, NSF PLR 1543457, AOAS 0944761, and AOAS 0636975 (C.S. and D.M.). Email contact: pdquay@uw.edu. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 59 EP 80 DI 10.1002/2016GB005460 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1PD UT WOS:000395088600004 ER PT J AU Mahowald, NM Randerson, JT Lindsay, K Munoz, E Doney, SC Lawrence, P Schlunegger, S Ward, DS Lawrence, D Hoffman, FM AF Mahowald, Natalie M. Randerson, James T. Lindsay, Keith Munoz, Ernesto Doney, Scott C. Lawrence, Peter Schlunegger, Sarah Ward, Daniel S. Lawrence, David Hoffman, Forrest M. TI Interactions between land use change and carbon cycle feedbacks SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; climate change; land use and land cover change; Earth system models ID COVER CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CLIMATE; CHANGE IMPACTS; WOOD HARVEST; MODEL; ACCLIMATION; RESPIRATION AB Using the Community Earth System Model, we explore the role of human land use and land cover change (LULCC) in modifying the terrestrial carbon budget in simulations forced by Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, extended to year 2300. Overall, conversion of land (e.g., from forest to croplands via deforestation) results in a model-estimated, cumulative carbon loss of 490PgC between 1850 and 2300, larger than the 230PgC loss of carbon caused by climate change over this same interval. The LULCC carbon loss is a combination of a direct loss at the time of conversion and an indirect loss from the reduction of potential terrestrial carbon sinks. Approximately 40% of the carbon loss associated with LULCC in the simulations arises from direct human modification of the land surface; the remaining 60% is an indirect consequence of the loss of potential natural carbon sinks. Because of the multicentury carbon cycle legacy of current land use decisions, a globally averaged amplification factor of 2.6 must be applied to 2015 land use carbon losses to adjust for indirect effects. This estimate is 30% higher when considering the carbon cycle evolution after 2100. Most of the terrestrial uptake of anthropogenic carbon in the model occurs from the influence of rising atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis in trees, and thus, model-projected carbon feedbacks are especially sensitive to deforestation. C1 [Mahowald, Natalie M.; Schlunegger, Sarah; Ward, Daniel S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Lindsay, Keith; Munoz, Ernesto; Lawrence, Peter; Lawrence, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Schlunegger, Sarah; Ward, Daniel S.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hoffman, Forrest M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mahowald, NM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mahowald@cornell.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023 FU National Science Foundation [NSF AGS 1049033, CCF-1522054]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF AGS 1049033, CCF-1522054) and and the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Rachel Scanza, two anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor in improving the manuscript. Archived information from the simulations will be made publically available at the NCAR archive and by contacting the authors (mahowald@cornell.edu). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 96 EP 113 DI 10.1002/2016GB005374 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EM1PD UT WOS:000395088600006 ER PT J AU Mani, M Lane, BM Donmez, MA Feng, SC Moylan, SP AF Mani, Mahesh Lane, Brandon M. Donmez, M. Alkan Feng, Shaw C. Moylan, Shawn P. TI A review on measurement science needs for real-time control of additive manufacturing metal powder bed fusion processes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE additive manufacturing; powder bed fusion; real-time control; measurement science; correlations; process parameters; process signatures; product qualities ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; LASER SINTERING PROCESS; SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION; BEAM MELTING EBM; RESIDUAL-STRESS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE QUALITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; PROCESS MAPS AB Additive manufacturing technologies are increasingly used in the development of new products. However, variations in part quality in terms of material properties, dimensional tolerances, surface roughness and defects limit its broader acceptance. Process control today based on heuristics and experimental data yields limited improvement in part quality. In an effort to identify the needed measurement science for real-time closed-loop control of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, this paper presents a literature review on the current AM control schemes, process measurements and modelling and simulation methods as it applies to the powder bed fusion process, though results from other processes are reviewed where applicable. We present our research findings to identify the correlations between process parameters, process signatures and product quality. We also present research recommendations on the key control issues to serve as a technical basis for standards development in this area. Complimentary details to this paper with summary tables, range of values, preliminary correlations and correlation figures can be accessed from a National Institute of Standards and Technology Report (http://nvlpubs. nist. gov/nistpubs/ir/2015/NIST.IR.8036.pdf). This paper is developed based on the report. C1 [Mani, Mahesh; Lane, Brandon M.; Donmez, M. Alkan; Feng, Shaw C.; Moylan, Shawn P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mani, M (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mahesh.mani@nist.gov NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 EI 1366-588X J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2017 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1400 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/00207543.2016.1223378 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA EO6IX UT WOS:000396796600011 ER PT J AU Cui, YT Booth, DB Monschke, J Gentzler, S Roadifer, J Greimann, B Cluer, B AF Cui, Yantao Booth, Derek B. Monschke, Joel Gentzler, Seth Roadifer, John Greimann, Blair Cluer, Brian TI Analyses of the erosion of fine sediment deposit for a large dam-removal project: an empirical approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dam removal; numerical modelling and analysis; fine sediment erosion and transport; suspended sediment concentration and turbidity; empirical analysis AB Large quantities of fine sediment can be accumulated in reservoirs, and the potential impact of their downstream release is often a great concern if the dams are to be removed. Currently, there are no reliable numerical models to simulate the dynamics of the release of these fine sediments, mostly because their release following dam removal is often driven by a rapid erosional process not addressed by traditional sediment transport theory. However, precise quantification of fine sediment transport is rarely necessary to evaluate potential environmental impacts of alternative scenarios. Using the removal of Matilija Dam in southern California, USA, as an example, we quantify the likely magnitude of suspended sediment concentration and the duration of associated downstream impacts, two necessary (and most likely adequate) parameters for assessing alternatives. The analyses first estimate the general magnitude of suspended sediment concentration and duration of impacts based on field and experimental data; they then quantify the duration of impacts under both worst-case and reasonable assumptions according to the underlying physics and common sense. For rapid sediment release with fine-grained impoundment deposits, initial suspended sediment concentrations are likely to approach 106 mg/ L, persisting for a few hours to no more than a couple of days. Suspended sediment concentrations are expected to decline approximately exponentially after the initial peak, reaching background levels within a few hours to a few days, provided that sufficient flow is available. The general method presented in the paper should be useful for stakeholders choosing amongst dam-removal alternatives for implementation under similar conditions. C1 [Cui, Yantao; Booth, Derek B.; Monschke, Joel] Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Booth, Derek B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gentzler, Seth; Roadifer, John] AECOM, Oakland, CA USA. [Greimann, Blair] Denver Fed Ctr, Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Cluer, Brian] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM yantao@stillwatersci.com FU California State Coastal Conservancy; Ventura County Watershed Protection District FX Funding for this project was provided by California State Coastal Conservancy and Ventura County Watershed Protection District. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1571-5124 EI 1814-2060 J9 INT J RIVER BASIN MA JI Int. J. River Basin Manag. PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1080/15715124.2016.1247362 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EO4PC UT WOS:000396675800010 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Benner, R Murray, AE Gimpel, C Mitchell, BG Weiss, EL Reiss, C AF Shen, Yuan Benner, Ronald Murray, Alison E. Gimpel, Carla Mitchell, B. Greg Weiss, Elliot L. Reiss, Christian TI Bioavailable dissolved organic matter and biological hot spots during austral winter in Antarctic waters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; bioavailability; biological hot spots; ecosystem productivity; Antarctic Ocean; austral winter ID MAJOR BACTERIAL CONTRIBUTION; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; WEDDELL-SCOTIA SEA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ROSS SEA; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; SEASONAL PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLAR OCEANS; CARBON AB Primary production and heterotrophic bacterial activity in the Antarctic Ocean are generally low during the austral winter. Organic carbon is considered to be a major factor limiting bacterial metabolism, but few studies have investigated the bioavailability of organic matter during winter. Herein, the chemical composition and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated in surface (5-100 m) and mesopelagic (200-750 m) waters off the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula during August 2012. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were low (424 mu mol L-1) and showed no apparent spatial patterns. By contrast, the composition of DOM exhibited significant spatial trends that reflected varying ecosystem productivity and water masses. Surface distributions of chlorophyll-a and particulate organic carbon depicted a southward decline in primary productivity from open waters (60.0 degrees S-61.5 degrees S) to ice-covered regions (61.5 degrees S-62.5 degrees S). This trend was evident from concentrations and DOC-normalized yields of dissolved amino acids in the surface waters, indicating decreasing DOM bioavailability with increasing latitude. A different pattern of DOM bioavailability was observed in the mesopelagic water masses, where amino acids indicated highly altered DOM in the Circumpolar Deep Water and bioavailable DOM in the Transitional Weddell Water. Depth distributions of amino acid yields and compositions revealed hot spots of elevated bioavailable DOM at approximate to 75 m relative to surrounding waters at most ice-free stations. Relatively low mole percentages of bacterially derived d-amino acids in hot spots were consistent with an algal source of bioavailable DOM. Overall, these results reveal the occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of bioavailable substrates in Antarctic waters during winter. C1 [Shen, Yuan; Benner, Ronald] Univ South Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Benner, Ronald] Univ South Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC USA. [Murray, Alison E.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV USA. [Gimpel, Carla] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Ctr Microbial Oceanog Res & Educ, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mitchell, B. Greg; Weiss, Elliot L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Reiss, Christian] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM shen2@email.sc.edu OI Mitchell, B. Greg/0000-0002-8550-4333; Shen, Yuan/0000-0001-6618-4226 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-1233373, PLR-1250091]; United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program; NASA Headquarters Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program FX We thank the crews of the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer for sampling assistance. This research was supported by grants from U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1233373 to R.B. and PLR-1250091 to A.E.M.), and collaboration with the United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program. Partial support for BGM and EW was provided by grants from the NASA Headquarters Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program. The data used are included in the figures, tables, and supporting information. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 508 EP 520 DI 10.1002/2016JC012301 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EM0GI UT WOS:000394996400030 ER PT J AU Zhao, EY Fang, LC Chen, MM Chen, DF Huang, QZ Hu, ZB Yan, QB Wu, MM Xiao, XL AF Zhao, Enyue Fang, Lincan Chen, Minmin Chen, Dongfeng Huang, Qingzhen Hu, Zhongbo Yan, Qing-bo Wu, Meimei Xiao, Xiaoling TI New insight into Li/Ni disorder in layered cathode materials for lithium ion batteries: a joint study of neutron diffraction, electrochemical kinetic analysis and first-principles calculations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; WAVE BASIS-SET; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; SADDLE-POINTS; HIGH-CAPACITY; PERFORMANCE; CHALLENGES; NI; AL AB Although layered cathode materials LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 have attracted much attention due to their number of advantages, the issue of Li/Ni disorder seriously restricts their electrochemical properties. It is very important and pivotal for the better optimization of layered cathode materials to clearly explain the detailed relationships among the Li/Ni disorder, Li+ migration resistance, electrochemical kinetics and electrochemical properties. Here we focus on the LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 cathode material and report relationships among the crystal structures, Li+ migration resistance, electrochemical kinetics and electrochemical properties by combining neutron diffraction techniques, electrochemical kinetic analysis techniques and first-principles calculation methods. The results suggest that more Li+/Ni2(+) ion exchange will shrink the inter-slab space thickness, causing a higher Li+ ion migration barrier and inferior electrochemical kinetics, all of which should be responsible for the limited electrochemical properties. C1 [Zhao, Enyue; Fang, Lincan; Chen, Minmin; Hu, Zhongbo; Yan, Qing-bo; Xiao, Xiaoling] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Mat Sci & Optoelect Technol, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Chen, Dongfeng; Wu, Meimei] China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yan, QB; Xiao, XL (reprint author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Mat Sci & Optoelect Technol, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.; Wu, MM (reprint author), China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. EM yan@ucas.ac.cn; mmwuciae@126.com; xlxiao@ucas.ac.cn FU Beijing Nova Program [Z141103001814065]; State Key Project of Fundamental Research [2014CB931900, 2012CB932504]; Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2016152] FX This work was supported by the Beijing Nova Program (Z141103001814065), the State Key Project of Fundamental Research (2014CB931900 and 2012CB932504) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2016152). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2017 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1679 EP 1686 DI 10.1039/c6ta08448f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EM1JB UT WOS:000395072800042 ER PT J AU Laska, D Vahey, G Faith, T Vena, J Williams, EM AF Laska, Deborah Vahey, Grace Faith, Trevor Vena, John Williams, Edith M. TI Seafood consumption habits of South Carolina shrimp baiters SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID METAL POLLUTION; HEAVY-METALS; FISH; MERCURY; HUMANS; RIVER; RISK AB Shrimp baiting is a fishing technique used by many South Carolinians and has been regulated in the state since the late 1980s. A postcard survey was developed and included with 400 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) annual surveys of registered shrimp baiters over a two-year period. The survey contained questions concerning frequency, portion size, baiting locations, and preparation techniques for shrimp as well as other species consumed and demographic information. An overall response rate of 37% was received. The majority of respondents were men over the age of 55 years. Charleston and Beaufort counties were the most common locations for shrimp baiting. Almost half (45.9%) of respondents reported eating locally caught shrimp at least 2-3 times per month. The most common portion size was 1/2 pound (8 oz. or 277 g), with 44.8% of respondents reporting this as their typical amount of shrimp ingested at one meal. Only 3.7% of respondents reported typically eating the whole shrimp, while all other respondents ingested shrimp with the head removed. The most commonly consumed species besides shrimp were blue crab, oysters, and flounder. According to the US Food and Drug Administration mercury (Hg) guidelines, the majority (97%) of our respondents were not at risk for consuming unsafe levels of Hg from locally caught shrimp. However, this does not take into account other local seafood eaten or other contaminants of concern. These consumption results may be used in conjunction with data on contaminant levels in shrimp to determine potential adverse health risks associated with consumption of locally caught shrimp. C1 [Laska, Deborah] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Vahey, Grace; Faith, Trevor; Vena, John; Williams, Edith M.] Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 135 Cannon St, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Williams, EM (reprint author), Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 135 Cannon St, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM wiled@musc.edu FU USC Environmental Research Incentive Grants Program; Vena (PI) 2/1/05-8/1/06 NIEHS Super Fund Basic Research Program [2/1/05-8/1/06]; Center Grants Competition: Community and Environmental Health Risks Associated with Superfund Sites in Southeastern Coastal Systems [22000-036] FX This project was funded by the USC Environmental Research Incentive Grants Program, Vena (PI) 2/1/05-8/1/06 NIEHS Super Fund Basic Research Program, Center Grants Competition: Community and Environmental Health Risks Associated with Superfund Sites in Southeastern Coastal Systems [grant number 22000-036]. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2017 VL 80 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1080/15287394.2016.1261747 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA EO6GH UT WOS:000396789600005 PM 28095123 ER PT J AU Close, SL Montalto, F Orton, P Antoine, A Peters, D Jones, H Parris, A Blumberg, A AF Close, Sarah L. Montalto, Franco Orton, Philip Antoine, Adrienne Peters, Danielle Jones, Hunter Parris, Adam Blumberg, Alan TI Achieving sustainability goals for urban coasts in the US Northeast: research needs and challenges SO LOCAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate vulnerability; natural and nature-based features; sustainability; adaptation; urban coasts; ecosystem services AB In the wake of Hurricane Sandy and other recent extreme events, urban coastal communities in the northeast region of the United States are beginning or stepping up efforts to integrate climate adaptation and resilience into long-term coastal planning. Natural and nature-based shoreline strategies have emerged as essential components of coastal resilience and are frequently cited by practitioners, scientists, and the public for the wide range of ecosystem services they can provide. However, there is limited quantitative information associating particular urban shoreline design strategies with specific levels of ecosystem service provision, and research on this issue is not always aligned with decision context and decision-maker needs. Engagement between the research community, local government officials and sustainability practitioners, and the non-profit and private sectors can help bridge these gaps. A workshop to bring together these groups discussed research gaps and challenges in integrating ecosystem services into urban sustainability planning in the urban northeast corridor. Many themes surfaced repeatedly throughout workshop deliberations, including the challenges associated with ecosystem service valuation, the transferability of research and case studies within and outside the region, and the opportunity for urban coastal areas to be a focal point for education and outreach efforts related to ecosystem services. C1 [Close, Sarah L.; Jones, Hunter] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Montalto, Franco; Orton, Philip; Peters, Danielle] Consortium Climate Risk Urban Northeast, New York, NY USA. [Montalto, Franco] New York Urban Field Stn, New York, NY USA. [Montalto, Franco] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Orton, Philip; Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab Castle Point Hudson, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Antoine, Adrienne; Parris, Adam] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Peters, Danielle] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. RP Close, SL (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM sarah.close@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310144] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310144]. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-9839 EI 1469-6711 J9 LOCAL ENVIRON JI Local Environ. PY 2017 VL 22 IS 4 BP 508 EP 522 DI 10.1080/13549839.2016.1233526 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO3VM UT WOS:000396622500008 ER PT J AU Tracey, DM Andrews, AH Horn, PL Neil, HL AF Tracey, Dianne M. Andrews, Allen H. Horn, Peter L. Neil, Helen L. TI Another New Zealand centenarian: age validation of black cardinalfish (Epigonus telescopus) using lead-radium and bomb radiocarbon dating SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apogonidae; lead-radium disequilibria; carbon-14; micromilling; otolith ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; FISH; OTOLITHS AB Black cardinalfish (Epigonus telescopus, Apogonidae) is an important component of deepsea commercial fishing activity in the New Zealand region. It is estimated to live longer than 100 years on the basis of counts of unvalidated annual growth zones in otoliths. Age-validation procedures for long-lived fishes are often one of the following two techniques: (1) lead-radium disequilibria, which uses the natural decay of radium-226 into lead-210 as a natural clock; or (2) bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating, which relies on the marine signal created by nuclear testing. The high estimated lifespan, as well as the large size of the otolith core region, make E. telescopus an excellent candidate for a combined application of these two independent age-validation techniques. The lead-radium dating using otolith cores indicated that growth-zone counts less than similar to 60 years were consistent with radiometric ages, whereas higher counts appeared to be under-estimates. There was 95% confidence that maximum age was at least 95 years. The validation indicated that fish aged over 60 years tended to be under-aged by up to 30%. The bomb radiocarbon levels in otolith cores supported age estimates up to similar to 40 years made from zone counts, and by inference from the zone counts validated with lead-radium dating, longevity exceeds 100 years. C1 [Tracey, Dianne M.; Horn, Peter L.; Neil, Helen L.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Private Bag 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand. [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Tracey, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Private Bag 14-901, Wellington, New Zealand. EM di.tracey@niwa.co.nz FU New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) [DEE200501, DEE200502] FX This project was funded in part by the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) under Projects DEE200501 and DEE200502. We thank Colleena Perez and Cassandra Brooks at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) for assistance with sample processing, Craig Lundstrom at University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign for ICPMS processing of the purified radium samples, and Peter Marriott (NIWA) for milling the otolith core material used in bomb radiocarbon dating. Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory (Geological Nuclear Sciences) carried out the radiocarbon measurements. We thank Gregor Cailliet and Donna Kline for providing project support. The very helpful and informed comments from two anonymous reviewers are also greatly appreciated. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2017 VL 68 IS 2 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1071/MF15267 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EM4RZ UT WOS:000395301800015 ER PT J AU Reimer, MN Abbott, JK Haynie, AC AF Reimer, Matthew N. Abbott, Joshua K. Haynie, Alan C. TI Empirical Models of Fisheries Production: Conflating Technology with Incentives? SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Policy evaluation; production function; fisheries; policy invariance; hyperbolic distance function; targeting ability; bycatch ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; DISTANCE FUNCTION-APPROACH; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; STRUCTURAL MODELS; TARGETING ABILITY; PANEL-DATA; EFFICIENCY; BEHAVIOR; INDUSTRY; OUTPUT AB Conventional empirical models of fisheries production inadequately capture the primary margins of behavior along which fishermen act, rendering them ineffective for ex ante policy evaluation. We estimate a conventional production model for a fishery undergoing a transition to rights-based management and show that ex ante production data alone arrives at misleading conclusions regarding post-rationalization production possibilities even though the technologies available to fishermen before and after rationalization were effectively unchanged. Our results emphasize the difficulty of assessing the potential impacts of a policy change on the basis of ex ante data alone. Since such data are generated under a different incentive structure than the prospective system, a purely empirical approach imposed upon a flexible functional form is likely to reflect far more about the incentives under status-quo management than the actual technological possibilities under a new policy regime. C1 [Reimer, Matthew N.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Econ & Publ Policy, Inst Social & Econ Res, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Abbott, Joshua K.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Sch Sustainabil, POB 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Abbott, Joshua K.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Environm Econ & Sustainabil, POB 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Haynie, Alan C.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Reimer, MN (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Econ & Publ Policy, Inst Social & Econ Res, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM mreimer2@alaska.edu; joshua.k.abbott@asu.edu; alan.haynie@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Science and Technology's Spatial Economics for Fisheries (FishSET) Program FX We thank a number of individuals for helpful comments, including Jim Wilen, Ron Felthoven, Ben Fissel, Martin Smith, and two anonymous referees, as well as seminar participants at UC Davis, University of Washington, University of Alaska Fairbanks, and University of Alaska Anchorage, and IIFET 2012 and NAAFE 2013 meetings. This work was supported by the NOAA Fisheries Science and Technology's Spatial Economics for Fisheries (FishSET) Program. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 169 EP 190 DI 10.1086/690677 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA EP0JV UT WOS:000397074500004 ER PT J AU Lee, MY Steinback, S Wallmo, K AF Lee, Min-Yang Steinback, Scott Wallmo, Kristy TI Applying a Bioeconomic Model to Recreational Fisheries Management: Groundfish in the Northeast United States SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bioeconomic models; fisheries management; fisheries policy; recreational fisheries management; valuation ID REGULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; COLLAPSE; BENEFITS; STOCKS; FISH AB Recreational fisheries regulations frequently consist of possession limits, size limits, and seasonal closures that constrain the ability of recreational fishermen to catch or land fish. It is difficult to predict how these regulations will influence angler participation and recreational fishing mortality. This research integrates a utility-theory consistent model of demand for recreational fishing trips with an age-structured stock dynamics model to provide policy relevant advice to managers of the groundfish fishery in the Northeast United States. The recreational cod and haddock regulations implemented in 2014 have high costs in terms of foregone angler welfare and minimal positive impacts on stock conditions after three years. The ability of policies that generate large amounts of discarding, like high minimum size limits, to meet conservation objectives are also found to be quite sensitive to assumptions about the recreational discard mortality rate. C1 [Lee, Min-Yang; Steinback, Scott] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St,MB 19, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lee, MY (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St,MB 19, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Min-Yang.Lee@noaa.gov; Scott.Steinback@noaa.gov; Kristy.Wallmo@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 191 EP 216 DI 10.1086/690676 PG 26 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA EP0JV UT WOS:000397074500005 ER PT J AU Ryu, S Pepper, RE Nagai, M France, DC AF Ryu, Sangjin Pepper, Rachel E. Nagai, Moeto France, Danielle C. TI Vorticella: A Protozoan for Bio-Inspired Engineering SO MICROMACHINES LA English DT Review DE Vorticella; oral cilia; feeding current; contractile stalk; spasmoneme; Ca2+-powered contraction; bioinspired engineering ID STIMULI-RESPONSIVE HYDROGELS; PROTEIN AGGREGATES FORISOMES; CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS; POLE BODY DUPLICATION; GLYCERINATED VORTICELLA; BLINKING STOKESLET; CARCHESIUM SP; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; CHAOTIC FILTRATION; LIQUID MICROLENSES AB In this review, we introduce Vorticella as a model biological micromachine for microscale engineering systems. Vorticella has two motile organelles: the oral cilia of the zooid and the contractile spasmoneme in the stalk. The oral cilia beat periodically, generating a water flow that translates food particles toward the animal at speeds in the order of 0.1-1 mm/s. The ciliary flow of Vorticella has been characterized by experimental measurement and theoretical modeling, and tested for flow control and mixing in microfluidic systems. The spasmoneme contracts in a few milliseconds, coiling the stalk and moving the zooid at 15-90 mm/s. Because the spasmoneme generates tension in the order of 10-100 nN, powered by calcium ion binding, it serves as a model system for biomimetic actuators in microscale engineering systems. The spasmonemal contraction of Vorticella has been characterized by experimental measurement of its dynamics and energetics, and both live and extracted Vorticellae have been tested for moving microscale objects. We describe past work to elucidate the contraction mechanism of the spasmoneme, recognizing that past and continuing efforts will increase the possibilities of using the spasmoneme as a microscale actuator as well as leading towards bioinspired actuators mimicking the spasmoneme. C1 [Ryu, Sangjin] Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Pepper, Rachel E.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Phys, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Nagai, Moeto] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. [France, Danielle C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ryu, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM sangjin.ryu@unl.edu; rpepper@pugetsound.edu; nagai@me.tut.ac.jp; danielle.france@nist.gov FU Layman Seed Grant of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Nebraska EPSCoR; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science; Material Measurement Laboratory at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX S.R. was supported by a Layman Seed Grant of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and a First Award Grant of Nebraska EPSCoR. R.E.P. was supported by a fellowship from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. D.C.F. was supported by the Material Measurement Laboratory at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 165 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-666X J9 MICROMACHINES-BASEL JI Micromachines PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.3390/mi8010004 PG 25 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EM6OR UT WOS:000395432500004 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, A Sanchez-Valencia, JR Lauber, B Shorubalko, I Ruffieux, P Hintermann, T Fasel, R AF Fairbrother, Andrew Sanchez-Valencia, Juan-Ramon Lauber, Beat Shorubalko, Ivan Ruffieux, Pascal Hintermann, Tobias Fasel, Roman TI High vacuum synthesis and ambient stability of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; FABRICATION; MICROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; STRAIN; FILMS; WATER AB Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene are at a crucial point in application development, and their promising potential, which has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, must be translated to an industrial setting for commercialization. Graphene nanoribbons in particular overcome one limitation of graphene in some electronic applications because they exhibit a sizeable bandgap. However, synthesis of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons is most commonly performed under ultra-high vacuum conditions, which are costly and difficult to maintain in a manufacturing environment. Additionally, little is known about the stability of graphene nanoribbons under ambient conditions or during transfer to technologically relevant substrates and subsequent device processing. This work addresses some of these challenges, first by synthesizing bottom-up graphene nanoribbons under easily obtained high vacuum conditions and identifying water and oxygen as the residual gases responsible for interfering with proper coupling during the polymerization step. And second, by using Raman spectroscopy to probe the stability of nanoribbons during storage under ambient conditions, after transfer to arbitrary substrates, and after fabrication of field-effect transistor devices, which shows structurally intact nanoribbons even several months after synthesis. These findings demonstrate the potential of graphene nanoribbon technologies by addressing some limitations which might arise in their commercialization. C1 [Fairbrother, Andrew; Sanchez-Valencia, Juan-Ramon; Lauber, Beat; Ruffieux, Pascal; Fasel, Roman] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Nanotech Surfaces Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Shorubalko, Ivan] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Reliabil Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Hintermann, Tobias] BASF Schweiz AG, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland. [Fairbrother, Andrew] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sanchez-Valencia, Juan-Ramon] Inst Mat Sci Seville, ICMS CSIC, Nanotechnol Surfaces Lab, Seville 41092, Spain. RP Fasel, R (reprint author), Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Nanotech Surfaces Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM roman.fasel@empa.ch RI Shorubalko, Ivan/E-1089-2011; Fairbrother, Andrew/B-3318-2014; Ruffieux, Pascal/E-8227-2010 OI Shorubalko, Ivan/0000-0001-9868-7303; Fairbrother, Andrew/0000-0001-6038-7532; Ruffieux, Pascal/0000-0001-5729-5354 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research BRC program; European Commission Graphene Flagship FX A. F. and J. R. S. V. contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to thank Dr Andreas Borgschulte for use of the Raman spectrometer, Lukas Eisenring and Lukas Rotach for technical support of the UHV systems, and staff at the ETH Zurich FIRST lab for maintenance and assistance with equipment for device fabrication. Financial support was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research BRC program, and the European Commission Graphene Flagship. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2017 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2785 EP 2792 DI 10.1039/c6nr08975e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EN2YM UT WOS:000395876200015 PM 28155928 ER PT J AU Brinson, AA Wallmo, K AF Brinson, Ayeisha A. Wallmo, Kristy TI Determinants of Saltwater Anglers' Satisfaction with Fisheries Management: Regional Perspectives in the United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MOTIVATIONS; PARTICIPATION AB Understanding saltwater angler preferences, motivations, and satisfaction levels can assist recreational fisheries managers in providing high-quality fishing experiences for their constituents. To better understand the relationship between anglers'motivations, preferences, and satisfaction with fisheries management and any regional differences that may exist, the National Marine Fisheries Service implemented a mail survey using a large national sample of saltwater recreational anglers. The survey collected information about recreational fisheries management, fishing trip characteristics, fishing motivations, aSnd demographic variables. Binary logit models estimated for six regions-Alaska, West Coast, Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, and New England-show that several variables, including trip characteristics, fishing motivations, avidity, demographic variables, and angler preferences for specific types of management strategies, are significant determinants of satisfaction with the fisheries management process and outcomes; however, these findings vary considerably among regions. Results also show variation in overall satisfaction levels, with anglers in the South Atlantic being generally more satisfied with both the management process and management outcomes and anglers on theWest Coast being generally less satisfied with both the management process and management outcomes than anglers in other regions. Results can help inform federal fisheries management on the types of management strategies and outcomes anglers prefer and in developing or improving communication and outreach efforts, particularly in regions where angler satisfaction is comparatively low. C1 [Brinson, Ayeisha A.; Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Brinson, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ayeisha.brinson@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1235629 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EL5GD UT WOS:000394648700022 ER PT B AU Weeks, TS Sowards, JW Rentz, RA Read, DT Lucon, E AF Weeks, Timothy S. Sowards, Jeffrey W. Rentz, Ross A. Read, David T. Lucon, Enrico GP ASME TI COMPARISON OF J-INTEGRAL MEASUREMENT METHODS ON CLAMPED SINGLE-EDGE NOTCHED TENSION SPECIMENS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL PIPELINE CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Pipeline Conference (IPC 2016) CY SEP 26-30, 2016 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IPTI, ASME Inst ID DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION; RESISTANCE CURVES; FRACTURE AB This paper reports an extension of a previous study that compared methods of evaluating J by the crack mouth opening displacement and by surface strain gradients. Here, the surface strain gradients are measured by three-dimensional digital image correlation. The results herein represent a small test matrix that involved evaluation of the J-integral for clamped single-edge notched tensile specimens from API 5L X65 base-metal, weld metal and the adjacent heat affected zone; the J-integral was evaluated by a standardized procedure utilizing the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) and by the contour integral method on an external surface strain contour. Digital image correlation provides sufficient full-field strain data for use by this method and is considerably more robust than surface-mounted strain gage instrumentation. A series of validity checks are presented that demonstrate that the data are useful and valuable. Experimental determination of the J-integral is not limited to thoroughly analyzed test geometries and may be achieved with limited instrumentation. Furthermore, the method described does not require a determination of crack size nor any instrumentation that requires access to the crack mouth. C1 [Weeks, Timothy S.; Sowards, Jeffrey W.; Rentz, Ross A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Read, David T.; Lucon, Enrico] Protiro Inc, Denver, CO USA. RP Weeks, TS (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU U.S. Depailinent of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology's Pipeline Safety Project FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Depailinent of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology's Pipeline Safety Project. The authors are grateful to L.N. Pussegoda and S. Tiku at BMT Fleet Technology Ltd. for providing test specimens used for this research. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5027-5 PY 2017 AR UNSP V003T05A017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BH0PL UT WOS:000395838700062 ER PT J AU Zou, X Qin, Z Weng, F AF Zou, X. Qin, Z. Weng, F. TI Impacts from assimilation of one data stream of AMSU-A and MHS radiances on quantitative precipitation forecasts SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; satellite; quantitative precipitation forecast ID VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; PART II; COVARIANCES AB Since the launch of the NOAA-15 satellite in 1998, the observations from microwave temperature and humidity sounders have been routinely disseminated to user communities through two separate data streams. In the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) data stream, brightness temperatures in 15 channels are available primarily for profiling atmospheric temperature from the Earth's surface to the low stratosphere. In the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) or Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) data stream, the brightness temperatures in five channels are included for sounding water vapour in the low troposphere. Assimilation of microwave radiance data in numerical weather prediction systems has also been carried out with AMSU-A and AMSU-B (MHS) data in two separate data streams. A new approach is to combine AMSU-A and MHS radiances into one data stream for their assimilation. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system and the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecast model are employed for testing the impacts of the combined datasets. It is shown that the spatial collocation between MHS and AMSU-A fields of view in the one data stream experiment allows for an improved quality control of MHS data, especially over the conditions where the liquid-phase clouds are dominant. As a result, a closer fit of analyses to AMSU-A and MHS observations is obtained, especially for AMSU-A surface-sensitive channels. The quantitative precipitation forecast skill is improved over a 10-day period when Hurricane Isaac made landfall. C1 [Zou, X.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qin, Z.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Qin, Z.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Joint Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Weng, F.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zou, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xzou1@umd.edu FU NOAA HFIP [NA15NWS4680002]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91337218]; Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest of China [GYHY201406008] FX This research was jointly supported by NOAA HFIP (Project NA15NWS4680002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project 91337218), and Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest of China (Project GYHY201406008). The views and opinions contained in this article are our own and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 143 IS 703 BP 731 EP 743 DI 10.1002/qj.2960 PN B PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EO2XY UT WOS:000396560600011 ER PT J AU Possolo, A Iyer, HK AF Possolo, Antonio Iyer, Hari K. TI Invited Article: Concepts and tools for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID EFFECTS MODELS; METAANALYSIS; PROBABILITY; HETEROGENEITY; PARAMETERS; PACKAGE; TRIALS; GUIDE; NIST; GUM AB Measurements involve comparisons of measured values with reference values traceable to measurement standards and are made to support decision-making. While the conventional definition of measurement focuses on quantitative properties (including ordinal properties), we adopt a broader view and entertain the possibility of regarding qualitative properties also as legitimate targets for measurement. A measurement result comprises the following: (i) a value that has been assigned to a property based on information derived from an experiment or computation, possibly also including information derived from other sources, and (ii) a characterization of the margin of doubt that remains about the true value of the property after taking that information into account. Measurement uncertainty is this margin of doubt, and it can be characterized by a probability distribution on the set of possible values of the property of interest. Mathematical or statistical models enable the quantification of measurement uncertainty and underlie the varied collection of methods available for uncertainty evaluation. Some of these methods have been in use for over a century (for example, as introduced by Gauss for the combination of mutually inconsistent observations or for the propagation of "errors"), while others are of fairly recent vintage (for example, Monte Carlo methods including those that involve Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling). This contribution reviews the concepts, models, methods, and computations that are commonly used for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty, and illustrates their application in realistic examples drawn from multiple areas of science and technology, aiming to serve as a general, widely accessible reference. C1 [Possolo, Antonio; Iyer, Hari K.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov; hariharan.iyer@nist.gov NR 168 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1 AR 011301 DI 10.1063/1.4974274 PG 33 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EM6BD UT WOS:000395396900001 PM 28147677 ER PT J AU Petrinec, SM Redmon, RJ Rastaetter, L AF Petrinec, S. M. Redmon, R. J. Rastaetter, L. TI Nowcasting and forecasting of the magnetopause and bow shock-A status update SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC-FIELD ORIENTATION; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; 6.6 RE; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; MODEL PREDICTIONS; MHD SIMULATIONS; CLOCK ANGLE; MACH NUMBER; SHAPE; CROSSINGS AB There has long been interest in knowing the shape and location of the Earth's magnetopause and of the standing fast-mode bow shock upstream of the Earth's magnetosphere. This quest for knowledge spans both the research and operations arenas. Pertinent to the latter, nowcasting and near-term forecasting are important for determining the extent to which the magnetosphere is compressed or expanded due to the influence of the solar wind bulk plasma and fields and the coupling to other magnetosphere-ionosphere processes with possible effects on assets. This article provides an update to a previous article on the same topic published 15 years earlier, with focus on studies that have been conducted, the current status of nowcasting and forecasting of geophysical boundaries, and future endeavors. C1 [Petrinec, S. M.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Rastaetter, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Petrinec, SM (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM petrinec@lmsal.com OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147 FU NSF [1303186] FX This manuscript describes recent modeling efforts and web site tool development; no observations are explicitly used in this paper. Real-time web sites rely upon observations from solar wind monitors (http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ace-real-time-solarwind; and http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/real-time-solar-wind), while empirical models in the literature are based upon observations from a variety of spacecraft, which are available to the public and stored at CDAWeb. This effort was supported at Lockheed Martin by NSF grant 1303186. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1002/2016SW001565 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL4GT UT WOS:000394580400005 ER PT J AU Hawkins, MD Brown, V Ferrell, J AF Hawkins, Michelle D. Brown, Vankita Ferrell, Jannie TI Assessment of NOAA National Weather Service Methods to Warn for Extreme Heat Events SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WAVES; MORTALITY; TEMPERATURE; HEALTH; COLD AB Recent climate studies have predicted a future with longer, more intense, and more frequent heat events. Evolving challenges presented by this paradigm necessitate an assessment of current efforts to warn for extreme heat events. NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) issue Excessive Heat Watch, Excessive Heat Warning, and Heat Advisory products as conditions warrant. In the fall of 2013 the NWS conducted an internal assessment with its WFOs to 1) document variations in the usage of heat-based watch, warning, and advisory hazard messages (products) across the country; 2) learn about the degree to which locally developed criteria are applied to forecaster decision-making processes in issuing these products; and 3) gather ideas for enhancing communication of expected excessive heat events in general. Survey responses indicate that WFOs selectively use one or a combination of products, and that various methodologies are used to develop criteria for issuing heat products. Given that forecasters use meteorological and nonmeteorological factors when deciding to issue heat products, forecaster judgment is a crucial element of the warning process. Results also revealed partner confusion due to inconsistent heat product issuance criteria. Suggestions were made for eliminating or revising existing products and policies, or creating new products, policies, or issuance criteria. Results of the survey led the NWS to investigate approaches for achieving higher levels of consistency in heat product issuance criteria, and to engage health partners to examine how heat product issuance criteria could incorporate the known health impacts of heat exposure. C1 [Hawkins, Michelle D.; Brown, Vankita; Ferrell, Jannie] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hawkins, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Serv Branch, Anal Forecast & Support Off, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 13352, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM michelle.hawkins@noaa.gov FU NOAA/National Weather Service FX The authors acknowledge the many helpful discussions with NWS forecasters, NWS regional headquarters directors for encouraging participation of all WFOs in this study and subsequent efforts, and Elliott (Eli) Jacks and Fiona Horsfall for supporting this effort and providing helpful input on the development of the survey and reviews of this article. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA/National Weather Service. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and individuals who provided comments and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of NWS, NOAA, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0037.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL1TX UT WOS:000394405200002 ER PT J AU Tommasi, D Stock, CA Pegion, K Vecchi, GA Methot, RD Alexander, MA Checkley, DM AF Tommasi, Desiree Stock, Charles A. Pegion, Kathleen Vecchi, Gabriel A. Methot, Richard D. Alexander, Michael A. Checkley, David M., Jr. TI Improved management of small pelagic fisheries through seasonal climate prediction SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE climate prediction; ecosystem-based management; fisheries management; forage fish; harvest guideline; Pacific sardine; seasonal forecast ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN BERING-SEA; PACIFIC SARDINE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; STRATEGY EVALUATION; TUNA HABITAT; RECRUITMENT; STOCK AB Populations of small pelagic fish are strongly influenced by climate. The inability of managers to anticipate environment-driven fluctuations in stock productivity or distribution can lead to overfishing and stock collapses, inflexible management regulations inducing shifts in the functional response to human predators, lost opportunities to harvest populations, bankruptcies in the fishing industry, and loss of resilience in the human food supply. Recent advances in dynamical global climate prediction systems allow for sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly predictions at a seasonal scale over many shelf ecosystems. Here we assess the utility of SST predictions at this fishery relevant scale to inform management, using Pacific sardine as a case study. The value of SST anomaly predictions to management was quantified under four harvest guidelines (HGs) differing in their level of integration of SST data and predictions. The HG that incorporated stock biomass forecasts informed by skillful SST predictions led to increases in stock biomass and yield, and reductions in the probability of yield and biomass falling below socioeconomic or ecologically acceptable levels. However, to mitigate the risk of collapse in the event of an erroneous forecast, it was important to combine such forecast-informed harvest controls with additional harvest restrictions at low biomass. C1 [Tommasi, Desiree] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tommasi, Desiree; Stock, Charles A.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Pegion, Kathleen] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tommasi, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Tommasi, D (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM desiree.tommasi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) Special Early-Stage Experimental or Developmental grant; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology FX We thank S. McClatchie, F. Gonzalez-Taboada, and R. Asch for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, and F. Hurtado-Ferro for developing the current risk evaluation framework for the Pacific sardine U.S. stock and for insightful discussions. This work was funded by a National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) Special Early-Stage Experimental or Developmental grant with support from NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PY 2017 VL 27 IS 2 BP 378 EP 388 DI 10.1002/eap.1458 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM9LY UT WOS:000395634300006 PM 28221708 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Sydeman, WJ Schroeder, ID Field, JC Miller, RR Wells, BK AF Santora, Jarrod A. Sydeman, William J. Schroeder, Isaac D. Field, John C. Miller, Rebecca R. Wells, Brian K. TI Persistence of trophic hotspots and relation to human impacts within an upwelling marine ecosystem SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anchovy; fisheries; food web; krill; oil; primary productivity; retention; sardine; seabirds; shipping; spatial management; upwelling ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CUMULATIVE HUMAN IMPACTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PROTECTED AREAS; CURRENT SYSTEM; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; NEARSHORE RETENTION; BIOLOGICAL HOTSPOTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DYNAMIC OCEAN AB Human impacts (e.g., fishing, pollution, and shipping) on pelagic ecosystems are increasing, causing concerns about stresses on marine food webs. Maintaining predator-prey relationships through protection of pelagic hotspots is crucial for conservation and management of living marine resources. Biotic components of pelagic, plankton-based, ecosystems exhibit high variability in abundance in time and space (i.e., extreme patchiness), requiring investigation of persistence of abundance across trophic levels to resolve trophic hotspots. Using a 26-yr record of indicators for primary production, secondary (zooplankton and larval fish), and tertiary (seabirds) consumers, we show distributions of trophic hotspots in the southern California Current Ecosystem result from interactions between a strong upwelling center and a productive retention zone with enhanced nutrients, which concentrate prey and predators across multiple trophic levels. Trophic hotspots also overlap with human impacts, including fisheries extraction of coastal pelagic and groundfish species, as well as intense commercial shipping traffic. Spatial overlap of trophic hotspots with fisheries and shipping increases vulnerability of the ecosystem to localized depletion of forage fish, ship strikes on marine mammals, and pollution. This study represents a critical step toward resolving pelagic areas of high conservation interest for planktonic ecosystems and may serve as a model for other ocean regions where ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning of pelagic ecosystems is warranted. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 96060 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.; Miller, Rebecca R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CIMEC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA, Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Field, John C.; Miller, Rebecca R.; Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 96060 USA. EM jsantora@ucsc.edu FU NOAA California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (CCIEA) program; NOAA [NA17RJ1231]; CCE-LTER (NSF) [1026607]; NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System through the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS); Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR) FX This work was funded by the NOAA California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (CCIEA) program. Data on krill originate from the Brinton-Townsend Euphausiid Data-base of the Pelagic Invertebrates Collection, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; database creation supported by NOAA grant NA17RJ1231. Seasonal seabird surveys are supported by the CCE-LTER (NSF award #1026607) and NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System through the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS). We are grateful for the feedback from Nate Mantua and two anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved this study. This work was partially supported by the Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR), a partnership between the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the University of California, Santa Cruz. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PY 2017 VL 27 IS 2 BP 560 EP 574 DI 10.1002/eap.1466 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM9LY UT WOS:000395634300019 PM 27862556 ER PT J AU McHenry, J Steneck, RS Brady, DC AF McHenry, Jennifer Steneck, Robert S. Brady, Damian C. TI Abiotic proxies for predictive mapping of nearshore benthic assemblages: implications for marine spatial planning SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE abiotic proxies; benthic assemblages; demersal fishes; ecological principles; epifauna; marine spatial planning; mobile invertebrates; sessile invertebrates ID GEORGES-BANK REGION; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ONTOGENIC VARIATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SPECIES RICHNESS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PROTECTED AREAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MAINE AB Marine spatial planning (MSP) should assist managers in guiding human activities toward sustainable practices and in minimizing user conflicts in our oceans. A necessary first step is to quantify spatial patterns of marine assemblages in order to understand the ecosystem's structure, function, and services. However, the large spatial scale, high economic value, and density of human activities in nearshore habitats often makes quantifying this component of marine ecosystems especially daunting. To address this challenge, we developed an assessment method that employs abiotic proxies to rapidly characterize marine assemblages in nearshore benthic environments with relatively high resolution. We evaluated this assessment method along 300km of the State of Maine's coastal shelf (<100m depth), a zone where high densities of buoyed lobster traps typically preclude extensive surveys by towed sampling gear (i.e., otter trawls). During the summer months of 2010-2013, we implemented a stratified-random survey using a small remotely operated vehicle that allowed us to work around lobster buoys and to quantify all benthic megafauna to species. Stratifying by substrate, depth, and coastal water masses, we found that abiotic variables explained a significant portion of variance (37-59%) in benthic species composition, diversity, biomass, and economic value. Generally, the density, diversity, and biomass of assemblages significantly increased with the substrate complexity (i.e., from sand-mud to ledge). The diversity, biomass, and economic value of assemblages also decreased significantly with increasing depth. Last, demersal fish densities, sessile invertebrate densities, species diversity, and assemblage biomass increased from east to west, while the abundance of mobile invertebrates and economic value decreased, corresponding mainly to the contrasting water mass characteristics of the Maine Coastal Current system (i.e., summertime current direction, speed, and temperature). Integrating modeled predictions with existing GIS layers for abiotic conditions allowed us to scale up important assemblage attributes to define key foundational ecological principles of MSP and to find priority regions where some bottom-disturbing activities would have minimal impact to benthic assemblages. We conclude that abiotic proxies can be strong forcing functions for the assembly of marine communities and therefore useful tools for spatial extrapolations of marine assemblages in congested (heavily used) nearshore habitats. C1 [McHenry, Jennifer; Steneck, Robert S.; Brady, Damian C.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [McHenry, Jennifer] NOAA, James J Howard Marine Lab, Affiliate Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [McHenry, Jennifer] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP McHenry, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA.; McHenry, J (reprint author), NOAA, James J Howard Marine Lab, Affiliate Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.; McHenry, J (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jennmchenry1@gmail.com FU Department of Energy [DE-EE-0003278]; National Science Foundation [11A-1355457]; University of Maine's Graduate Student Government FX This paper draws heavily on the support and hard work of many entities and individuals. First we wish to acknowledge our funding sources, including a Department of Energy award to the University of Maine's DeepCwind Consortium (DE-EE-0003278), a National Science Foundation award to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine (11A-1355457), and two awards from the University of Maine's Graduate Student Government. Second, we thank our industry, NGO, and governmental collaborators who contributed significant time, expert knowledge of the study area, and support of this project, including Doug Boynton, Kristin Porter, Jack Merrill, and Caleb Hodgdon of the coastal Maine fishing community; Carl Wilson and John Lewis of the Maine Department of Marine Resources; Barbara Vickery of the Maine Nature Conservancy; and Matt Nixon of the Maine Coastal Program. Third, we thank our dedicated interns who made the field and video analysis components of this project possible, including Elizabeth Ford, Ben Gutzler, Owen Liu, Sara Prendergast, Emily Asp, Ariel Hawkins, Ally Lowell, Josh Manning, Ariadne Dimoulas, Molly Wilson, and Ali Hamlin. Fourth, we thank the many researchers and staff from the University of Maine and the Darling Marine Center for their unquantifiable advice and support, with special thanks to Teresa Johnson, Yong Chen, Joe Kelley, Rhian Waller, Kevin Eckelbarger, Caitlin Cleaver, Linda Healy, Tim Miller, Robert Downs, and David Mason. Fifth, we thank members of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center's Habitat Ecology Branch, with special thanks to Vince Guida and Heather Welch for their support and technical advice, respectively. Lastly, we thank the editorial staff and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PY 2017 VL 27 IS 2 BP 603 EP 618 DI 10.1002/eap.1469 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EM9LY UT WOS:000395634300022 PM 27862606 ER PT J AU Hinke, JT Trivelpiece, SG Trivelpiece, WZ AF Hinke, Jefferson T. Trivelpiece, Susan G. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Variable vital rates and the risk of population declines in Adelie penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula region SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE climate change; Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources; demography; long-term monitoring; penguin; pygoscelis; South Shetland Islands ID SEA-ICE EXTENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; EXTINCTION RISK; EMPEROR PENGUIN; MARK-RECAPTURE; KRILL FISHERY; TAG LOSS AB Predicting population responses in changing environments is an important task for ecologists. In polar regions, climate warming, loss of sea ice, and more frequent anomalous events suggest that further reductions in ice-dependent animal populations are likely. We assess the risk of near-term (30-year) depletion of an Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) population with a stochastic matrix model parameterized with 30 yr (1982-2011) of data from the Copacabana colony on King George Island, Antarctica. The model was fitted to nest census data by estimating correction factors for survival rates estimated from a multi-state mark-recapture model. We modeled future survival and fecundity scenarios during the projection period (2012-2041) based on a two-state Markov chain that randomly assigned survival rates and reproductive success from their respective historical distributions to represent "good" and "poor" years. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate population trajectories across a range of progressively worse survival conditions. The results suggest that, given historical distributions of survival and reproductive success, a limited scope for recovery of the population is present, commensurate with recent stabilization in population size at the study site. However, our projections mainly suggest that the Adelie penguin population will decline if the frequency of years with poor survival remains at, or increases above, its 30-year mean. The risk of local depletion within 30 yr, defined according to International Union for Conservation of Nature categories for endangered and critically endangered species, was 33% for > 90% declines, but near 100% for 50% declines given status-quo conditions. As survival conditions worsen, the risk of substantive depletions rose rapidly. Given expectations of further environmental and ecosystem changes in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region, continued declines in Adelie penguin population size at the northern extent of their range should be expected. C1 [Hinke, Jefferson T.; Trivelpiece, Susan G.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov FU Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation; Lenfest Oceans Program at the Pew Charitable Trusts FX Many thanks to the numerous field biologists whose commitment to long-term studies in the Antarctic made this study possible. The Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Science Foundation provided logistical and financial support to WZT and SGT for long-term data collection efforts. Additional support from the Lenfest Oceans Program at the Pew Charitable Trusts generously supported JTH during early development of this project. JTH conceived and conducted the analyses and wrote the paper. SGT and WZT designed and implemented the long-term study. JTH, SGT, and WZT collected data and contributed to revisions. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 8 IS 1 AR e01666 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1666 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EO2KV UT WOS:000396526300030 ER PT J AU Wallace, BP Brosnan, T McLamb, D Rowles, T Ruder, E Schroeder, B Schwacke, L Stacy, B Sullivan, L Takeshita, R Wehner, D AF Wallace, Bryan P. Brosnan, Tom McLamb, Danya Rowles, Teri Ruder, Eric Schroeder, Barbara Schwacke, Lori Stacy, Brian Sullivan, Laurie Takeshita, Ryan Wehner, Diane TI Effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on protected marine species SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Natural Resource Damage Assessment; Oil spills; Sea turtles; Marine mammals ID MORTALITY; SEABIRDS AB The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident was the largest offshore oil spill in the history of the United States, contaminating surface waters, the water column, deep-sea corals and benthos, nearshore and coastal ecosystems, and natural resources across 5 states and an ocean area of more than 112 000 km(2) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Protected marine species-sea turtles and marine mammals, in particular-were a main focus of the DWH Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). The DWH spill overlapped in time and space with sea turtle and marine mammal habitats and life stages throughout the northern GoM. Thus, the DWH NRDA Trustees (2016; www. gulfspillrestoration. noaa.gov/restoration-planning/gulf-plan/) performed several activities to assess adverse effects of oil exposure on sea turtles and marine mammals to quantify the full extent and nature of the impacts to these taxa across the region. A synopsis of the Trustees' assessment activities and conclusions is presented in the DWH NRDA Programmatic Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan (DWH NRDA Trustees 2016). This Theme Section presents several of these specific sea turtle and marine mammal assessment activities and associated findings. This Overview provides a context for the Theme Section papers, introduces basic NRDA concepts and discusses generally why and how protected marine species were assessed in the DWH NRDA. C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.; Takeshita, Ryan] Environm & Nat Resources Div, Abt Associates, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Brosnan, Tom; Sullivan, Laurie; Wehner, Diane] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McLamb, Danya; Ruder, Eric] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Rowles, Teri; Schroeder, Barbara; Stacy, Brian] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Brosnan, T (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.brosnan@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.3354/esr00789 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200001 ER PT J AU Ylitalo, GM Collier, TK Anulacion, BF Juaire, K Boyer, RH da Silva, DAM Keene, JL Stacy, BA AF Ylitalo, Gina M. Collier, Tracy K. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Juaire, Kristy Boyer, Richard H. da Silva, Denis A. M. Keene, Jennifer L. Stacy, Brian A. TI Determining oil and dispersant exposure in sea turtles from the northern Gulf of Mexico resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Sea turtles; Oil exposure; Dispersant; Oil spills ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SAO-SEBASTIAO CHANNEL; MALACLEMYS-TERRAPIN; CARETTA-CARETTA; CAPE-VERDE; CRUDE-OIL; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; METABOLITES; JUVENILE AB Documentation of exposure of threatened and endangered sea turtles to petroleum and dispersant released into the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was a critical component of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) process. Substances collected from the skin of oiled and suspected oiled turtles were analyzed for petroleum hydrocarbons to determine oiling status and oil sources. Tissue, gastroenteric and bile samples from a subset of visibly oiled and unoiled turtles that died during the spill in 2010 and in 2011 were analyzed for evidence of internal exposure and absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the dispersant component dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS). The volume of external oil collected from sea turtles was sufficient to confirm the presence of petroleum on 61% of turtles, and oil from the DWH spill was identified as the source in 97% of those turtles in which conclusive comparison was possible. Visibly oiled turtles had higher concentrations of tissue PAH or biliary fluorescent PAH metabolites compared to those determined in unoiled animals. Findings in most of the unoiled turtles were suggestive of low-level PAH exposure from various sources that may represent background values for sea turtles from the northern GoM. DOSS levels were below the limit of quantitation in all samples analyzed except in an esophagus sample of a heavily oiled sea turtle. Overall, the results for petroleum or petroleum-derived compounds of both external and internal samples of sea turtles supported visual observations of oiling. C1 [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Boyer, Richard H.; da Silva, Denis A. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, 3300 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Juaire, Kristy] US Coast Guard, Marine Safety Lab, 1 Chelsea St, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Keene, Jennifer L.; Stacy, Brian A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, 2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ylitalo, GM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gina.ylitalo@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.3354/esr00762 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200002 ER PT J AU Stacy, NI Field, CL Staggs, L MacLean, RA Stacy, BA Keene, J Cacela, D Pelton, C Cray, C Kelley, M Holmes, S Innis, CJ AF Stacy, N. I. Field, C. L. Staggs, L. MacLean, R. A. Stacy, B. A. Keene, J. Cacela, D. Pelton, C. Cray, C. Kelley, M. Holmes, S. Innis, C. J. TI Clinicopathological findings in sea turtles assessed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acid-base; Hematology; Chemistry; Clinical pathology; Deepwater Horizon; Oil spill; Sea turtle ID TISSUE ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; LACRIMAL SALT-GLAND; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; CARETTA-CARETTA AB During the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010, 319 live oiled sea turtles were rescued and admitted to rehabilitation centers for decontamination and veterinary care. Most turtles were small, surface-pelagic juveniles that were collected from oiled habitat distant from shore. Serial hematology, plasma biochemistry, and blood gas analyses were reviewed to characterize abnormalities relative to observed degree of oiling. Clinicopathological abnormalities upon admission indicated acute, nonspecific metabolic and osmoregulatory derangements that were attributable to a combination of events including stress, exertion, physical exhaustion, and dehydration related to oiling, capture, and transport. Specific toxicological effects reported in other taxa were not observed. Initial point-of-care blood data from one rescue center were evaluated using clinical assessment of physiological status for all turtles of all species with available data for pH, pCO(2), sodium, and potassium. In addition, a prognostic model that was specifically developed for cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii was applied to oiled Kemp's ridley turtles from one center. Thirty-six percent of oiled turtles were identified as physio logically de ranged based on a clinical assessment of their physiological status, and 25% of oiled Kemp's ridley sea turtles exceeded the mortality risk threshold of the prognostic model. These results indicate that the physiological derangements in these animals were relatively severe and clinically relevant. Based on observations during the DWH spill, adverse physiological effects in sea turtles may be an important consequence of stress, exertion, physical exhaustion, and de hydration secondary to oiling, capture, and transport. C1 [Stacy, N. I.; Pelton, C.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Field, C. L.] Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Staggs, L.; Holmes, S.] GulfWorld Marine Pk,15412 Front Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32413 USA. [MacLean, R. A.; Kelley, M.] Audubon Nat Inst, 6500 Magazine St, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Stacy, B. A.; Keene, J.] Univ Florida Duty Stn, NOAA, 471 Mowry Rd,Bldg 471, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cacela, D.] Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Stacy, N. I.; Cray, C.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Stacy, N. I.; Cray, C.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Lab Med, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Innis, C. J.] Cent Wharf, Dept Anim Hlth, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Stacy, NI (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.; Stacy, NI (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA.; Stacy, NI (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Lab Med, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM stacyn@ufl.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.3354/esr00769 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200003 ER PT J AU Wallace, BP Stacy, BA Rissing, M Cacela, D Garrison, LP Graettinger, GD Holmes, JV McDonald, T McLamb, D Schroeder, B AF Wallace, Bryan P. Stacy, Brian A. Rissing, Matthew Cacela, Dave Garrison, Lance P. Graettinger, George D. Holmes, James V. McDonald, Trent McLamb, Danya Schroeder, Barbara TI Estimating sea turtle exposures to Deepwater Horizon oil SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Natural Resource Damage Assessment; Oil exposure; Oil spills; Sea turtles ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARETTA-CARETTA; SPILL AB The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was unprecedented in extent and duration, and affected marine natural resources, including sea turtles, throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico. Consequently, US federal and state Trustees documented and quantified oil exposure and resulting injuries to sea turtles under the DWH Natural Resource Damage Assessment. At-sea rescue operations focused on surface-pelagic juvenile sea turtles, which were especially at risk to oil exposure within oceanic convergence zones, and provided direct observations of the degree that turtles in this young life stage were exposed to DWH oil. In contrast, locations of larger neritic juvenile and adult turtles were documented during aerial surveys, but because these turtles were not captured, their oiling status could not be directly evaluated. Both the rescue operations and aerial surveys were able to observe only a small fraction of sea turtles within the vast spill footprint. We developed a spatio-temporally explicit approach that used direct observations of oiled surface-pelagic juvenile sea turtles and satellite-derived surface oil distributions to statistically estimate the probabilities of oil exposure for all sea turtles that were present within the area of the DWH spill, but whose oiling status was unknown. Our results enabled an expansion of exposure and injury quantification across the entire DWH spill area and period. This approach was con ceptually straightforward and used common geospatial and statistical techniques, making it applicable to other situations in which the full extent of oil exposure for marine natural resources must be estimated from an incomplete sample. C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.; Rissing, Matthew; Cacela, Dave; Holmes, James V.] Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Stacy, Brian A.; Schroeder, Barbara] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Garrison, Lance P.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Graettinger, George D.] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McDonald, Trent] Western EcoSyst Techn Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [McLamb, Danya] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Wallace, BP (reprint author), Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.; Wallace, BP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bryan_wallace@abtassoc.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.3354/esr00728 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200005 ER PT J AU McDonald, TL Schroeder, BA Stacy, BA Wallace, BP Starcevich, LA Gorham, J Tumlin, MC Cacela, D Rissing, M McLamb, DB Ruder, E Witherington, BE AF McDonald, Trent L. Schroeder, Barbara A. Stacy, Brian A. Wallace, Bryan P. Starcevich, Leigh Ann Gorham, Jonathan Tumlin, Mandy C. Cacela, Dave Rissing, Matthew McLamb, Danya B. Ruder, Eric Witherington, Blair E. TI Density and exposure of surface-pelagic juvenile sea turtles to Deepwater Horizon oil SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oil exposure; Gulf of Mexico; Surface-pelagic; Oiling; Loggerhead sea turtle; Kemp's ridley sea turtle; Green sea turtle; Hawksbill sea turtle; Deepwater Horizon oil spill ID LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; SARGASSUM; ECOLOGY; MEXICO AB The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill posed a severe threat to surface-pelagic sea turtles because the surface convergence zones, which provide vital habitat by aggregating pelagic Sargassum and other floating material, also aggregated floating oil. Following the DWH spill, turtle rescue operations between 17 May and 9 September 2010 documented 937 juvenile sea turtles in the spill area and examined 574 captured turtles. Of the captured turtles, 81% were visibly oiled. Transect searches in convergence zones found Kemp's ridleys (51% of individuals), green turtles (37%), loggerheads (7%), hawksbills (2%), and unidentified sea turtles (2%). Line-transect methods estimated the density of all surface-pelagic sea turtles in surface convergence zones to be 3.32 km(-2) (95% CI = 2.82-3.88), and the density of heavily oiled turtles to be 0.24 km(-2) (95% CI = 0.15-0.39). Turtle densities and the areal extent of heavy oiling probability were used to estimate total number of turtles exposed to DWH oil. We estimate approximately 402 000 surface-pelagic sea turtles were exposed, and of those, 54 800 were likely to have been heavily oiled. Our estimates formed the basis of surface-pelagic juvenile sea turtle mortality estimates included in the DWH natural resource damage assessment. C1 [McDonald, Trent L.; Starcevich, Leigh Ann] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Schroeder, Barbara A.; Stacy, Brian A.] Off Protected Resources, NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.; Cacela, Dave; Rissing, Matthew] Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Gorham, Jonathan] In Water Res Grp, Jensen Beach, FL 34957 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [McLamb, Danya B.; Ruder, Eric] Ind Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Disneys Animals, Disneys Sci & Environm, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. RP McDonald, TL (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM tmcdonald@west-inc.com NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.3354/esr00771 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200006 ER PT J AU Takeshita, R Sullivan, L Smith, C Collier, T Hall, A Brosnan, T Rowles, T Schwacke, L AF Takeshita, Ryan Sullivan, Laurie Smith, Cynthia Collier, Tracy Hall, Ailsa Brosnan, Tom Rowles, Teri Schwacke, Lori TI The Deepwater Horizon oil spill marine mammal injury assessment SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Deepwater Horizon; Marine mammals; Oil; Petroleum; Natural Resource Damage Assessment; Exposure; Injury assessment ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; AEROSOL GENERATION MECHANISM; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; C FUEL-OIL; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SEA OTTERS; EXPOSURE; PETROLEUM; CATTLE; RESPIRATION AB From 2010 to 2015, a team of scientists studied how the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill affected marine mammals inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico, as part of the DWH Natural Resource Damage Assessment process. The scientists conducted the assessment on behalf of the DWH co- Trustees, with the purpose of investigating whether marine mammals were exposed to DWH oil and what types of injuries they suffered as a result of the DWH oil exposure, and then quantifying those injuries to determine the appropriate amount of restoration required to offset the injuries. Photographs, aerial surveys, spatial analyses of the co- occurrence between surface slick and cetacean populations, and chemical fingerprinting of oiled and stranded carcasses all confirm that at least 15 cetacean species were exposed to the DWH surface slick. Cetaceans that encountered the slick likely inhaled, aspirated, ingested, and/or adsorbed oil. In this Theme Section, marine mammal biologists, statisticians, veterinarians, toxicologists, and epidemiologists describe and quantify the adverse effects of this oil exposure. Taken together, this combination of oil spill dynamics, veterinary assessments, pathological, spatial, and temporal analyses of stranded animals, stock identification techniques, population dynamics, and a broad set of coordinated modeling efforts is an unprecedented assessment of how a major oil spill impacted a large and complex marine mammal community and their connected habitats. C1 [Takeshita, Ryan] ABT Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Sullivan, Laurie] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Assessment & Restorat Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Smith, Cynthia] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Collier, Tracy] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hall, Ailsa] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Brosnan, Tom] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Assessment & Restorat Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rowles, Teri] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sullivan, L (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Assessment & Restorat Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM laurie.sullivan@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; DWH NRDA FX We thank the very large team of technical experts, stranding networks, Trustee representatives, and case support that contributed to the marine mammal assessment. Although the number of people and organizations that collected and analyzed samples/data is too large to capture here, we are very grateful to each of you for your contributions. We encourage the reader to reference the individual papers in this Theme Section for a more complete list of the scientists and organizations associated with each of these studies. The studies described here were conducted as part of the DWH NRDA and included scientists funded through NOAA, other federal and state Trustees, and BP PLC. The John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program and the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program provided funding for this work in addition to the funding from the DWH NRDA. The scientific results and conclusion of this publication, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or any other natural resource Trustee for the DWH NRDA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.3354/esr00808 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200008 ER PT J AU Wilkin, SM Rowles, TK Stratton, E Adimey, N Field, CL Wissmann, S Shigenaka, G Fougeres, E Mase, B Ziccardi, MH AF Wilkin, Sarah M. Rowles, Teresa K. Stratton, Elizabeth Adimey, Nicole Field, Cara L. Wissmann, Sara Shigenaka, Gary Fougeres, Erin Mase, Blair Ziccardi, Michael H. CA Southeast Region Stranding Network TI Marine mammal response operations during the Deepwater Horization oil spill SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marine mammals; Oil spill response; Deepwater Horizon; Gulf of Mexico; Cetaceans; Rehabilitation ID DOLPHINS AB When the Mississippi Canyon-252 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill occurred in April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, wildlife professionals were quickly mobilized to assess, recover, and treat oiled marine mammals as part of the Incident Response operating under the Unified Command. There were significant challenges associated with the crisis, including the sustained response to a prolonged, uncontrolled oil release (from a deepwater wellhead rather than a controllable and finite source like a tanker); the large geographic scale of the oiled area and thus the response effort; and ensuring effectiveness without the benefit of previous experience of cetacean response in oil spills. The response phase for this spill lasted from April 2010 to May 2011, and the mobilization of field teams resulted in the confirmation of 13 live and 178 dead stranded cetaceans across 4 states and offshore waters. Four primary care centers were coordinated to de-oil animals, and additional facilities and personnel were mobilized to augment and support the effort. Numerous protocols were implemented to ensure appropriate animal care as well as documentation and sample collection, informing both response and Natural Resource Damage Assessment decisions. Additional efforts included the implementation of a wildlife observer program integrated into oil recovery operations (skimming and in situ burns) and behavioral observations of nearshore cetaceans. The unprecedented effort resulted in the first rehabilitation of an oiled dolphin and the coordination of a very large-scale response, with important information collected, and lessons learned for future oil spills in marine mammal habitat. C1 [Wilkin, Sarah M.; Rowles, Teresa K.; Adimey, Nicole; Wissmann, Sara] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Off Protected Resource, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Stratton, Elizabeth; Mase, Blair] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Field, Cara L.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Shigenaka, Gary] Natl Ocean Serv Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fougeres, Erin; Southeast Region Stranding Network] Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ziccardi, Michael H.] Univ Calif Davis, Karen C Drayer Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Oiled Wildlife Care Network, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wilkin, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Off Protected Resource, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sarah.wilkin@noaa.gov FU marine mammal [MC-252/DWH] FX We acknowledge all of the Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Group responders during the 14 mo of the Response phase. To the individuals, many of whom were far from home, and who responded in the field in oppressive heat, humidity, thunderstorms, and tropical storms; the facility staff who cared for animals in rehab, conducted necropsies, and filled out a countless chain of custody forms; all who served a rotation (or multiple rotations!) in the command posts learning new and creative ways to fill out ICS forms; the trustee agency staff who filtered the requests for information and reformatting of data into yet another table; our colleagues in the other aspects of the response - our sincere thanks and acknowledgement. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or of any other natural resource Trustee for the BP/DWH NRDA or the Unified (Area) Command. Funding for the marine mammal response was provided by BP as part of their obligation as the responsible party for the MC-252/DWH oil spill. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.3354/esr00811 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200009 ER PT J AU Dias, LA Litz, J Garrison, L Martinez, A Barry, K Speakman, T AF Dias, Laura Aichinger Litz, Jenny Garrison, Lance Martinez, Anthony Barry, Kevin Speakman, Todd TI Exposure of cetaceans to petroleum products following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cetacean; Oil exposure; Deepwater Horizon; Oil spill; Petroleum ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS AB The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was by far the largest offshore oil spill in the history of the USA. For 87 d, the well spilled millions of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, extensively affecting the habitat of numerous species of cetaceans. Previous studies have suggested that cetaceans would be able to detect and avoid oiled waters and, when in contact, oil would not adhere to their slick skin. However, photographic evidence and field observations gathered following the DWH oil spill documented at least 11 cetacean species swimming through oil and sheen, with oil adhered to their skin. This study not only documented direct exposure of cetaceans to petroleum products but also the persistence of the oil on their skin. In addition, given the extent of the DWH oil spill, the number of affected species and individuals was likely far greater than the documented occurrences captured during this study. Based on this evidence, we suggest that during oil spills in cetacean habitat, direct exposure of whales and dolphins to petroleum products will likely occur and should therefore be taken into account during response activities and damage assessments. C1 [Dias, Laura Aichinger] Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dias, Laura Aichinger; Litz, Jenny; Garrison, Lance; Martinez, Anthony] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Barry, Kevin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Speakman, Todd] JHT Inc, 2710 Discovery Dr,Suite 600, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Speakman, Todd] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Dias, LA (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Dias, LA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM laura.dias@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative [NA15OAR4320064] FX We greatly recognize the efforts of the many researchers, staff and institutions that provided support for field work and data collection during and after the DWH oil spill. Photographs used in this study were collected by the NOAA (Brenda Rone, Adam U, Ronald Wooten, Brian Stacey and other scientific crew), LDWF (Mandy Tumlin), and USCG. The LDWF and the Emerald Coast Wildlife Refuge, authorized through Letters of Authority from the National Marine Fisheries Service re gional office, responded to the stranded ce taceans included in this study. We thank the scientific party and crew members of the NOAA ship `Gordon Gunter' and aircrafts. Thanks to Jill Bodnar (ORR) and Liz Stratton (SEFSC) for providing access to additional data. We also appreciate the valuable input provided ments. NOAA and NCCOS activities were conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit number 779-1633. This research was carried out (in part) under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement # NA15OAR4320064. This work was part of the DWH NRDA, being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other federal and state Trustees, and BP PLC. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or of any other natural resource Trustee for the BP/Deepwater Horizon NRDA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.3354/esr00770 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200010 ER PT J AU Smith, CR Rowles, TK Hart, LB Townsend, FI Wells, RS Zolman, ES Balmer, BC Quigley, B Ivancic, M McKercher, W Tumlin, MC Mullin, KD Adams, JD Wu, QZ Mcfee, W Collier, TK Schwacke, LH AF Smith, Cynthia R. Rowles, Teresa K. Hart, Leslie B. Townsend, Forrest I. Wells, Randall S. Zolman, Eric S. Balmer, Brian C. Quigley, Brian Ivancic, Marina McKercher, Willie Tumlin, Mandy C. Mullin, Keith D. Adams, Jeffrey D. Wu, Qingzhong Mcfee, Wayne Collier, Tracy K. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Slow recovery of Barataria Bay dolphin health following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2013-2014), with evidence of persistent lung disease and impaired stress response SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dolphin; Health; Oil; Toxicology; Pulmonary; Stress; Cortisol; Prognosis ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; RIVER OTTERS; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; CANTABRIA SPAIN; CLEANUP WORKERS; USA; HAPTOGLOBIN; POLLUTANTS; ASTURIAS AB The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster resulted in large-scale oil contamination of the northern Gulf of Mexico. As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment designed to investigate the potential impacts of the DWH oil spill, comprehensive health assessments were conducted on bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus living in oiled bays (Barataria Bay [BB], Louisiana, and Mississippi Sound [MS], Mississippi/Alabama) and a reference bay with no evidence of DWH oil contamination (Sarasota Bay [SB], Florida). As previously reported, multiple health issues were detected in BB dolphins during 2011. In the present study, follow-on capture-release health assessments of BB dolphins were performed (2013, 2014) and indicated an overall improvement in population health, but demonstrated that pulmonary abnormalities and impaired stress response persisted for at least 4 yr after the DWH disaster. Specifically, moderate to severe lung disease remained elevated, and BB dolphins continued to release low levels of cortisol in the face of capture stress. The proportion of guarded or worse prognoses in BB improved over time, but 4 yr post-spill, they were still above the proportion seen in SB. Health assessments performed in MS in 2013 showed similar findings to BB, characterized by an elevated prevalence of low serum cortisol and moderate to severe lung disease. Prognosis scores for dolphins examined in MS in 2013 were similar to BB in 2013. Data from these follow-on studies confirmed that dolphins living in areas affected by the DWH spill were more likely to be ill; however, some improvement in population health has occurred over time. C1 [Smith, Cynthia R.; Ivancic, Marina] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.; Adams, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hart, Leslie B.; Zolman, Eric S.; Balmer, Brian C.; Quigley, Brian; Mcfee, Wayne; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hart, Leslie B.] Coll Charleston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, 251 Racetrack Rd NE,Ft Walton Beach, Fort Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [McKercher, Willie] Mississippi Dept Environm Qual, POB 2261, Jackson, MS 39225 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 2000 Quail Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Wu, Qingzhong; Collier, Tracy K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, 3300 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Smith, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.smith@nmmf.org FU National Marine Mammal Health & Stranding Response Program; Dolphin Quest, Inc.; Morris Animal Foundation's Betty White Wildlife Rapid Response Fund; Disney's Animal Program and Environmental Initiatives; Georgia Aquarium; Office of Naval Research [N000141110203] FX We appreciate the efforts of numerous organizations and their researchers, veterinarians, and technicians who provided support for the health assessment projects, which include our home institutions as well as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, SeaWorld and Busch Gardens, Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Audubon Nature Institute, International Fund for Animal Welfare, National Park Service, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Dolphin Quest, and Georgia Aquarium. We especially thank for their efforts: Eric Anderson, Mark Baird, Veronica Cendejas, Elsburgh Clarke, James Daugomah, Sylvain DeGuise, Deborah Fau quier, Denise Greig, Larry Fulford, Larry Hansen, Jeremy Hartley, Jean Herrman, Nick Kellar, Trip Kolkmeyer, Suzanne Lane, Lauren McGeorge, Amanda Moors, Lauren Noble, Todd Speakman, Jay Sweeney, Lydia Staggs, John Venturella, Blaine West, and Rob Yordi. Amy Rosenstein performed thorough background literature searches that contributed to data interpretation. We thank Dr. Ailsa Hall for her insight, recommendations, and review of this work. This work was part of the Deepwater Horizon NRDA being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. Activities were conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit 932-1905/MA-009526, approved by a NOAA Animal Care and Use Committee, and some funding was contributed by the National Marine Mammal Health & Stranding Response Program. Sarasota Bay health assessments were funded in part by Dolphin Quest, Inc., Morris Animal Foundation's Betty White Wildlife Rapid Response Fund, Disney's Animal Program and Environmental Initiatives, Georgia Aquarium, and the Office of Naval Research (including ONR Award N000141110203), and were performed under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 15543 and approved by Mote Marine Laboratory's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 127 EP 142 DI 10.3354/esr00778 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200011 ER PT J AU Kellar, NM Speakman, TR Smith, CR Lane, SM Balmer, BC Trego, ML Catelani, KN Robbins, MN Allen, CD Wells, RS Zolman, ES Rowles, TK Schwacke, LH AF Kellar, Nicholas M. Speakman, Todd R. Smith, Cynthia R. Lane, Suzanne M. Balmer, Brian C. Trego, Marisa L. Catelani, Krista N. Robbins, Michelle N. Allen, Camryn D. Wells, Randall S. Zolman, Eric S. Rowles, Teresa K. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Low reproductive success rates of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the northern Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater Horizon disaster (2010-2015) SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Petroleum; Pregnancy; Reproductive failure; Cetacean; Blubber progesterone; Ultrasound ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; MINK MUSTELA-VISON; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; LIFE-HISTORY; CRUDE-OIL; MULE DEER; PREGNANCY; POPULATION AB Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, reproductive success rates in 2 northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) bottlenose dolphin stocks exposed to oil were evaluated for 4 yr during and after the spill (2010 to 2015) in efforts to assess population-level reproductive health. Pregnancy was determined from either (1) ultrasound examinations of the reproductive tract during capture-release health assessments, or (2) endocrine evaluations of blubber tissue collected from dart biopsies of free-ranging dolphins. Follow-up photo-identification was then used to track the status of pregnant females and any associated neonatal calves for a minimum of 1 yr after the initial pregnancy detection (IPD). For all pregnant females observed following IPD, individuals seen with a calf (reproductive success) and without one (reproductive failure) were recorded. The resulting estimated reproductive success rates for both GoM stocks (19.4%; 7/36) were less than a third of those previously reported in other areas not impacted by the spill (i.e. Sarasota Bay, FL; Indian River Lagoon, FL; and Charleston Harbor, SC) using similar techniques (64.7%; 22/34). We also evaluated the relationships between reproductive success and 13 potential covariates, including stock, ordinal date, progesterone, cortisol, thyroid hormone concentrations, leukocyte count, lung health score, and total body length. Among these, the results only provide strong evidence (Bayes factor > 20) of a relationship between reproductive failure and the total leukocyte count covariate. The high reproductive failure rates measured in both GoM stocks following the DWH oil spill are consistent with mammalian literature that shows a link between petroleum exposure and reproductive abnormalities and failures. C1 [Kellar, Nicholas M.; Trego, Marisa L.; Catelani, Krista N.; Robbins, Michelle N.; Allen, Camryn D.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Speakman, Todd R.; Lane, Suzanne M.; Balmer, Brian C.; Zolman, Eric S.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kellar, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM nick.kellar@noaa.gov NR 97 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.3354/esr00775 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200012 ER PT J AU Wells, RS Schwacke, LH Rowles, TK Balmer, BC Zolman, E Speakman, T Townsend, FI Tumlin, MC Barleycorn, A Wilkinson, KA AF Wells, Randall S. Schwacke, Lori H. Rowles, Teri K. Balmer, Brian C. Zolman, Eric Speakman, Todd Townsend, Forrest I. Tumlin, Mandy C. Barleycorn, Aaron Wilkinson, Krystan A. TI Ranging patterns of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphins; Satellite-linked telemetry; Ranging patterns; Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Home ranges; Site fidelity ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HOME-RANGE; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; COASTAL WATERS; SINGLE-PIN; FLORIDA; BEHAVIOR; SARASOTA AB Common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus were present in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, before, during, and after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Health assessments conducted on dolphins in Barataria Bay in 2011, 2013, and 2014, after the capping of the well, found disease conditions consistent with petroleum hydrocarbon exposure and toxicity. Satellite-linked transmitters were affixed to dolphins during these health assessments for assessing the potential for continued exposure to petroleum-associated products, estimating survival rates, and planning potential restoration. In total, 44 tags were deployed, transmitting for 48 to 260 d. The dolphins exhibited multi-year site fidelity to small home ranges. Most tagged dolphin locations were inside the bay. On average, the dolphins that entered the Gulf coastal waters remained within 1.75 km of shore. No dolphins were documented more than 14 km beyond their 95% utilization distribution (UD) overall home ranges. Individual variation in the use of specific regions and habitats of Barataria Bay suggests the occurrence of community structure. All but 3 of the dolphins (93%) were tracked or observed during more than 1 yr in Barataria Bay, with 20 (45%) recorded each year from 2010 to 2014. All but 6 dolphins (86%) were tracked during multiple seasons. Home range sizes were comparable to those reported for bottlenose dolphins elsewhere. These findings suggest the occurrence of long-term, year-round residency. Residency patterns suggest potential for continued exposure to petroleum-associated products that may have remained in Barataria Bay after the spill. C1 [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.; Barleycorn, Aaron; Wilkinson, Krystan A.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Balmer, Brian C.; Zolman, Eric; Speakman, Todd] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, 251 Racetrack Rd NE,Ft Walton Beach, Fort Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 2000 Quail Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Wells, RS (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rwells@mote.org NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 159 EP 180 DI 10.3354/esr00732 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200013 ER PT J AU Hornsby, FE McDonald, TL Balmer, BC Speakman, TR Mullin, KD Rosel, PE Wells, RS Telander, AC Marcy, PW Klaphake, KC Schwacke, LH AF Hornsby, Fawn E. McDonald, Trent L. Balmer, Brian C. Speakman, Todd R. Mullin, Keith D. Rosel, Patricia E. Wells, Randall S. Telander, Andrew C. Marcy, Peter W. Klaphake, Kristen C. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Using salinity to identify common bottlenose dolphin habitat in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tursiops truncatus; Habitat; Deepwater Horizon; Barataria Bay; Telemetry; Salinity; Photo-ID ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SARASOTA; IMPACTS; FLORIDA; GENES AB Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, numerous studies were conducted to determine impacts on common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Common bottlenose dolphins are found in estuarine environments of the northern Gulf of Mexico which vary in salinity, depending on location (e.g. distance to freshwater source), season, and ocean tides. Although common bottlenose dolphins can be found in low-salinity waters (<15 ppt), they cannot tolerate very low salinity for long periods of time. We matched dolphin telemetry data in Barataria Bay, Louisiana (USA), with contemporaneous estimates of salinity to establish a salinity threshold and identify preferred dolphin habitat. Dolphins frequently used areas where salinity was higher than similar to 11 ppt, sometimes used areas for short periods of time with predicted salinity of similar to 8 ppt, and avoided waters with salinities below similar to 5 ppt. While not a hard boundary, the similar to 8 ppt threshold can be used to delineate reasonable polygons of preferred dolphin habitat. We temporally averaged the location of the similar to 8 ppt isohaline from 2005 through 2012 to establish areas of preferred dolphin habitat. In Barataria Bay, the polygon of dolphin habitat encompasses 1167 km(2), and extends from the bay's barrier islands to approximately half-way through marshes in northern parts of the bay. This polygon of suitable common bottlenose dolphin habitat was then ultimately used to quantify cetacean injury due to DWH oil. C1 [Hornsby, Fawn E.; McDonald, Trent L.; Telander, Andrew C.; Marcy, Peter W.; Klaphake, Kristen C.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.; Speakman, Todd R.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago, FL 34236 USA. RP Hornsby, FE (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. EM fhornsby@west-inc.com NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.3354/esr00807 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200014 ER PT J AU McDonald, TL Hornsby, FE Speakman, TR Zolman, ES Mullin, KD Sinclair, C Rosel, PE Thomas, L Schwacke, LH AF McDonald, Trent L. Hornsby, Fawn E. Speakman, Todd R. Zolman, Eric S. Mullin, Keith D. Sinclair, Carrie Rosel, Patricia E. Thomas, Len Schwacke, Lori H. TI Survival, density, and abundance of common bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay (USA) following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Robust design; Photo-identification; Tursiops truncatus; Capture-recapture; Spatial-capture model ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; COASTAL WATERS; ROBUST DESIGN; FLORIDA; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; CAROLINA AB To assess potential impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, we conducted boat-based photo-identification surveys for common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA (similar to 230 km(2), located 167 km WNW of the spill center). Crews logged 838 h of survey effort along pre-defined routes on 10 occasions between late June 2010 and early May 2014. We applied a previously unpublished spatial version of the robust design capture-recapture model to estimate survival and density. This model used photo locations to estimate density in the absence of study area boundaries and to separate mortality from permanent emigration. To estimate abundance, we applied density estimates to saltwater (salinity > similar to 8 ppt) areas of the bay where telemetry data suggested that dolphins reside. Annual dolphin survival varied between 0.80 and 0.85 (95% CIs varied from 0.77 to 0.90) over 3 yr following the Deepwater Horizon spill. In 2 non-oiled bays (in Florida and North Carolina), historic survival averages approximately 0.95. From June to November 2010, abundance increased from 1300 (95% CI +/- similar to 130) to 3100 (95% CI +/- similar to 400), then declined and remained between similar to 1600 and similar to 2400 individuals until spring 2013. In fall 2013 and spring 2014, abundance increased again to approximately 3100 individuals. Dolphin abundance prior to the spill was unknown, but we hypothesize that some dolphins moved out of the sampled area, probably northward into marshes, prior to initiation of our surveys in late June 2010, and later immigrated back into the sampled area. C1 [McDonald, Trent L.; Hornsby, Fawn E.] Western EcoSystems Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Speakman, Todd R.; Zolman, Eric S.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.; Sinclair, Carrie] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. RP McDonald, TL (reprint author), Western EcoSystems Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. EM tmcdonald@west-inc.com OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.3354/esr00806 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200015 ER PT J AU Fauquier, DA Litz, J Sanchez, S Colegrove, K Schwacke, LH Hart, L Saliki, J Smith, C Goldstein, T Bowen-Stevens, S McFee, W Fougeres, E Mase-Guthrie, B Stratton, E Ewing, R Venn-Watson, S Carmichael, RH Clemons-Chevis, C Hatchett, W Shannon, D Shippee, S Smith, S Staggs, L Tumlin, MC Wingers, NL Rowles, TK AF Fauquier, Deborah A. Litz, Jenny Sanchez, Susan Colegrove, Kathleen Schwacke, Lori H. Hart, Leslie Saliki, Jeremiah Smith, Cynthia Goldstein, Tracey Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina McFee, Wayne Fougeres, Erin Mase-Guthrie, Blair Stratton, Elizabeth Ewing, Ruth Venn-Watson, Stephanie Carmichael, Ruth H. Clemons-Chevis, Connie Hatchett, Wendy Shannon, Delphine Shippee, Steve Smith, Suzanne Staggs, Lydia Tumlin, Mandy C. Wingers, Noel L. Rowles, Teri K. TI Evaluation of morbillivirus exposure in cetaceans from the northern Gulf of Mexico 2010-2014 SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Dolphin; Strandings; Tursiops truncatus; Unusual mortality event; Polymerase chain reaction ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; AQUATIC MAMMALS; ATLANTIC; INFECTIONS; EPIZOOTICS; SEQUENCE; GROWTH AB The potential role of morbillivirus was evaluated in the deaths of > 1100 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and other small cetaceans that stranded from February 2010 through July 2014, during the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) unusual mortality event (UME). Morbillivirus analysis was carried out on 142 live or freshly dead cetaceans and results were combined with samples from 102 live, free-ranging bottlenose dolphins sampled during capture-release health assessments conducted from 2011 to 2014. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for morbillivirus showed that 9.9% (14/142) of the stranded cetaceans and 1% (1/83) of the free-ranging live dolphins were positive for dolphin morbilliviral (DMV) RNA. In contrast, previous DMV dolphin die-offs had DMV detectable by PCR in 61 to 97% of animals tested. Histologic findings consistent with morbillivirus infection, including lymphoid depletion, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, syncytial cell formation, or meningoencephalitis, were found in 6.6% (9/136) of the cetaceans that underwent histologic examinations. Serological analysis using a virus neutralization assay found that 29% (5/17) of live stranded and 23% (23/102) of live free-ranging bottlenose dolphins had titers of 64 or greater for cetacean morbillivirus, indicating prior but not necessarily recent exposure to morbillivirus. Current findings suggest that DMV infection, although present in the northern GoM, was sporadic and occurred at low levels and therefore was not the primary cause of the northern GoM UME. Confirmation of DMV infections and existing DMV titers demonstrate continued exposure to morbillivirus among northern GoM cetaceans since the first detection of this virus in the early 1990s. C1 [Fauquier, Deborah A.; Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Litz, Jenny; Mase-Guthrie, Blair; Ewing, Ruth] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sanchez, Susan; Saliki, Jeremiah] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen] Univ Illinois, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Hart, Leslie; McFee, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Hart, Leslie] Coll Charleston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Smith, Cynthia; Venn-Watson, Stephanie] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, One Hlth Inst, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina; Stratton, Elizabeth] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fougeres, Erin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Carmichael, Ruth H.; Wingers, Noel L.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Shannon, Delphine] Inst Marine Mammal Studies, Gulfport, MS 39502 USA. [Shippee, Steve] Emerald Coast Wildlife Refuge, Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548 USA. [Shippee, Steve] Marine Wildlife Response, Mary Esther, FL 32569 USA. [Smith, Suzanne] Audubon Aquarium Amer, New Orleans, LA 70130 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70358 USA. RP Fauquier, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Deborah.Fauquier@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.3354/esr00772 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200016 ER PT J AU Rosel, PE Wilcox, LA Sinclair, C Speakman, TR Tumlin, MC Litz, JA Zolman, ES AF Rosel, P. E. Wilcox, L. A. Sinclair, C. Speakman, T. R. Tumlin, M. C. Litz, J. A. Zolman, E. S. TI Genetic assignment to stock of stranded common bottlenose dolphins in south eastern Louisiana after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Assignment test; Mixed stock analysis; Genetic stock identification; Microsatellite ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; CETACEAN POPULATIONS; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH STOCKS AB Degradation of marine ecosystems is an increasing problem and extends beyond nearshore coastal waters with significant human development. However, measuring ecosystem damage and decreased ecosystem function can be difficult. Marine mammals have often been recommended as indicators for evaluating ecosystem health. Between March 2010 and July 2014, a significant cetacean unusual mortality event occurred across the northern Gulf of Mexico, where multiple demographically independent populations of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus occur adjacent to one another. Some populations are fairly small and restricted to small habitat areas, while other populations have higher abundances and cover broader geographic ranges. An integral component to determining the impact of this event on these populations is identifying what percentage of each population the stranded animals comprise. We applied genetic assignment test methods to stranded dolphins from southeastern Louisiana to determine the proportion of dead dolphins that came from the local estuarine population versus the population found in adjacent coastal waters. Forty-one microsatellite loci were genotyped in 156 live dolphins sampled to represent the 2 potential stocks of origin and in 131 dead stranded dolphins of unknown origin. Both classical assignment tests and genetic stock identification methods indicated that approximately 6 to 7% of the sampled stranded dolphins originated from the Western Coastal Stock and the remainder from the smaller, estuarine stock in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. C1 [Rosel, P. E.; Wilcox, L. A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Sinclair, C.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Speakman, T. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Tumlin, M. C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Litz, J. A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Rosel, PE (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM patricia.rosel@noaa.gov NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 221 EP 234 DI 10.3354/esr00780 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200017 ER PT J AU Hohn, AA Thomas, L Carmichael, RH Litz, J Clemons-Chevis, C Shippee, SF Sinclair, C Smith, S Speakman, TR Tumlin, MC Zolman, ES AF Hohn, A. A. Thomas, L. Carmichael, R. H. Litz, J. Clemons-Chevis, C. Shippee, S. F. Sinclair, C. Smith, S. Speakman, T. R. Tumlin, M. C. Zolman, E. S. TI Assigning stranded bottlenose dolphins to source stocks using stable isotope ratios following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Tursiops truncatus; Stock structure; Gulf of Mexico ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROUT CYNOSCION-NEBULOSUS; UNUSUAL MORTALITY EVENT; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ESTUARINE FOOD WEBS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COASTAL WATERS; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AB The potential for stranded dolphins to serve as a tool for monitoring free-ranging populations would be enhanced if their stocks of origin were known. We used stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur from skin to assign stranded bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus to different habitats, as a proxy for stocks (demographically independent populations), following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Model results from biopsy samples collected from dolphins from known habitats (n = 205) resulted in an 80.5% probability of correct assignment. These results were applied to data from stranded dolphins (n = 217), resulting in predicted assignment probabilities of 0.473, 0.172, and 0.355 to Estuarine, Barrier Island (BI), and Coastal stocks, respectively. Differences were found west and east of the Mississippi River, with more Coastal dolphins stranding in western Louisiana and more Estuarine dolphins stranding in Mississippi. Within the Estuarine East Stock, 2 groups were identified, one predominantly associated with Mississippi and Alabama estuaries and another with western Florida. delta N-15 values were higher in stranded samples for both Estuarine and BI stocks, potentially indicating nutritional stress. High probabilities of correct assignment of the biopsy samples indicate predictable variation in stable isotopes and fidelity to habitat. The power of delta S-34 to discriminate habitats relative to salinity was essential. Stable isotopes may provide guidance regarding where additional testing is warranted to confirm demographic independence and aid in determining the source habitat of stranded dolphins, thus increasing the value of biological data collected from stranded individuals. C1 [Hohn, A. A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Thomas, L.] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, Observ Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Carmichael, R. H.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Carmichael, R. H.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Litz, J.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 75 Virginia Key Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Clemons-Chevis, C.] Inst Marine Mammal Studies, POB 207, Gulfport, MS 39502 USA. [Shippee, S. F.] Marine Wildlife Response, 1557 Highway 98 W, Mary Esther, FL 32569 USA. [Sinclair, C.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Smith, S.] Audubon Aquarium Amer, 1 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Speakman, T. R.] Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Tumlin, M. C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 2000 Quail Dr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Smith, S.] Amazon River Dolphin Conservat Fdn, 805 Hidalgo St, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Hohn, AA (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM aleta.hohn@noaa.gov OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU Deepwater Horizon NRDA investigation FX This study was conducted as part of, and was funded by, the Deepwater Horizon NRDA investigation, which was cooperatively conducted by NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. The scientific results and conclusions of this publication, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of NOAA or any other natural resource Trustee for the BP/Deepwater Horizon NRDA. We thank the members of the Marine Mammal Stranding Network (MMSN) in the northern GoM for their tireless efforts during a large and long UME. We appreciate the willingness of Gulf World to provide samples although ultimately their area of coverage was outside the range of this study. Staff from the Southeast Fisheries Science Center laboratories and National Center for Coastal Ocean Science Hollings Marine Laboratory were instrumental in obtaining stranding data and biopsy samples during health assessments or vessel surveys. We appreciate the input of other members of the Population Quantification Team, Brian Balmer, Cormac Booth, Lance Garrison, Fawn Hornsby, Nick Kellar, Trent McDonald, Keith Mullin, Patricia Rosel, Teri Rowles, and Randall Wells, and the statistics review team, Phil Dixon, Jay Ver Hoef, Tomo Eguchi, Trent McDonald, Robin Waples, and Ailsa Hall. The manuscript was reviewed by Colleen Bryan, Alex Chester, Steven Christopher, Jessica Reiner, all from NOAA, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Barbie Byrd, NOAA Beaufort Lab, assisted with preparation of the figures. Remote biopsy samples were collected under Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) Permit No. 14450 and those collected during health assessments were collected under MMPA Permit No. 932-1905/MA-009526, both issued by NMFS. Protocols were reviewed and approved by the NOAA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Response to cetacean stranding events is conducted by MMSN authorized under Section 112c (Stranding Agreements from the NMFS regional offices) or Section 109h (Federal, State, or local government officials) of the MMPA. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by NOAA. NR 127 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.3354/esr00783 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200018 ER PT J AU Thomas, L Booth, CG Rosel, PE Hohn, A Litz, J Schwacke, LH AF Thomas, L. Booth, C. G. Rosel, P. E. Hohn, A. Litz, J. Schwacke, L. H. TI Where were they from? Modelling the source stock of dolphins stranded after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using genetic and stable isotope data SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Genetic assignment; Stable isotope ratios; Bayesian hierarchical model; Data integration; Deepwater Horizon; Stranding ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; TURNOVER RATES; DISCRIMINATION; DIET; SKIN AB Understanding the source stock of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus that stranded in the northern Gulf of Mexico subsequent to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was essential to accurately quantify injury and apportion individuals to the appropriate stock. The aim of this study, part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA), was to estimate the proportion of the 932 recorded strandings between May 2010 and June 2014 that came from coastal versus bay, sound and estuary (BSE) stocks. Four sources of relevant information were available on overlapping subsets totaling 336 (39%) of the strandings: genetic stock assignment, stable isotope ratios, photo-ID and individual genetic-ID. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model for combining these sources that weighted each data source for each stranding according to a measure of estimated precision: the effective sample size (ESS). The photo-and genetic-ID data were limited and considered to potentially introduce biases, so these data sources were excluded from analyses used in the NRDA. Estimates were calculated separately in 3 regions: East (of the Mississippi outflow), West (of the Mississippi outflow through Vermilion Bay, Louisiana) and Western Louisiana (west of Vermilion Bay to the Texas-Louisiana border); the estimated proportions of coastal strandings were, respectively 0.215 (95% CI: 0.169-0.263), 0.016 (0.036-0.099) and 0.622 (0.487-0.803). This method represents a general approach for integrating multiple sources of information that have differing uncertainties. C1 [Thomas, L.] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, Observ Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Booth, C. G.] New Technol Ctr, SMRU Consulting Europe, St Andrews KY16 9SR, Fife, Scotland. [Rosel, P. E.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hohn, A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Litz, J.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schwacke, L. H.] Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Thomas, L (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, CREEM, Observ Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM len.thomas@st-andrews.ac.uk OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.3354/esr00754 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200019 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Thomas, L Wells, RS Mcfee, WE Hohn, AA Mullin, KD Zolman, ES Quigley, BM Rowles, TK Schwacke, JH AF Schwacke, Lori H. Thomas, Len Wells, Randall S. Mcfee, Wayne E. Hohn, Aleta A. Mullin, Keith D. Zolman, Eric S. Quigley, Brian M. Rowles, Teri K. Schwacke, John H. TI Quantifying injury to common bottlenose dolphins from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using an age-, sex- and class-structured population model SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Population model; Monte Carlo analysis; Survival; Density dependence; Bayesian model; Deepwater Horizon; Impact assessment; Cetacean ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MORTALITY; REPRODUCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; ABUNDANCE; RECOVERY; BIOLOGY AB Field studies documented increased mortality, adverse health effects, and reproductive failure in common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. In order to determine the appropriate type and amount of restoration needed to compensate for losses, the overall extent of injuries to dolphins had to be quantified. Simply counting dead individuals does not consider long-term impacts to populations, such as the loss of future reproductive potential from mortality of females, or the chronic health effects that continue to compromise survival long after acute effects subside. Therefore, we constructed a sex-and age-structured model of population growth and included additional class structure to represent dolphins exposed and unexposed to DWH oil. The model was applied for multiple stocks to predict injured population trajectories using estimates of post-spill survival and reproductive rates. Injured trajectories were compared to baseline trajectories that were expected had the DWH incident not occurred. Two principal measures of injury were computed: (1) lost cetacean years (LCY); the difference between baseline and injured population size, summed over the modeled time period, and (2) time to recovery; the number of years for the stock to recover to within 95% of baseline. For the dolphin stock in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, the estimated LCY was substantial: 30 347 LCY (95% CI: 11 511 to 89 746). Estimated time to recovery was 39 yr (95% CI: 24 to 80). Similar recovery timelines were predicted for stocks in the Mississippi River Delta, Mississippi Sound, Mobile Bay and the Northern Coastal Stock. C1 [Schwacke, Lori H.; Mcfee, Wayne E.; Zolman, Eric S.; Quigley, Brian M.] Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, Observ Buchanan Gardens, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Wells, Randall S.] Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Mullin, Keith D.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schwacke, John H.] Sci Res Corp, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), Natl Centers Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Schwacke, LH (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM lori.schwacke@nmmpfoundation.org OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2017 VL 33 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.3354/esr00777 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA EN0EN UT WOS:000395683200020 ER PT J AU Edwards, ERJ Kos, AB Weiler, M Silva, TJ AF Edwards, Eric R. J. Kos, Anthony B. Weiler, Mathias Silva, Thomas J. TI A Microwave Interferometer of the Michelson-Type to Improve the Dynamic Range of Broadband Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurements SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Microwave magnetics; magnetic instruments; magnetodynamics; magnetic resonance AB We present a Michelson-type microwave interferometer for use in ferromagnetic resonance experiments. The interferometer is capable of broadband operation without manual adjustment of phase delay or amplitude attenuation. A prototype of the design shows significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio when compared to non-interferometric ferromagnetic resonance experiments. We demonstrate that this increase in sensitivity can lead to a dramatic increase in the data acquisition rate for hard-to-measure thin films that otherwise would require long integration times. C1 [Edwards, Eric R. J.; Kos, Anthony B.; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weiler, Mathias] Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Weiler, Mathias] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Edwards, ERJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.edwards@nist.gov FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associates program FX E. R. J. Edwards acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associates program. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2017 VL 8 AR 3703404 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2016.2640206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EN7ZL UT WOS:000396220600001 ER PT J AU Meadows, HJ Misra, S Simonds, BJ Kurihara, M Schuler, T Reis-Adonis, V Bhatia, A Scarpulla, MA Dale, PJ AF Meadows, H. J. Misra, S. Simonds, B. J. Kurihara, M. Schuler, T. Reis-Adonis, V. Bhatia, A. Scarpulla, M. A. Dale, P. J. TI Laser annealing of electrodeposited CuInSe2 semiconductor precursors: experiment and modeling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 SOLAR-CELLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; SELENIUM; INDIUM; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; STABILITY; ABSORBER; LAYERS AB Laser annealing can reduce the annealing time required to form Cu(In,Ga)(S, Se) 2 (CIGSe) thin films for use in thin film photovoltaics to a single second timescale, if not faster. In this work, we use microstructural characterization coupled with modeling of the optical and thermal properties to understand the laser annealing of three types of electrodeposited precursor stacks for the CIGSe parent compound CuInSe2. The precursor films are: stacked elemental layers Cu/In/Se, stacked binary selenides In2Se3/Cu2-xSe, and a single layer of coelectrodeposited Cu-In-Se. Conceptually, these stacks are ordered in terms of decreasing stored chemical and interfacial potential free energy, consideration of which predicts that the formation of large grained CuInSe2 from the stacked elemental layers would be the most exothermic and thus most rapid process. However we find that microstructural details of the electrodeposited films such as void fraction present in the stacked binary selenides dramatically alter the heat and mass flow. Additionally, modeling of the optical absorption within the elemental stacked precursor suggests extremely localized heating at the In/Se interface resulting in significant Se loss. Despite its lower chemical potential energy, the coelectrodeposited CuInSe2 precursor's more uniform optical absorption of near-bandgap light coupled with its compact, low void fraction microstructure of nano-sized grains results in the most optimal recrystallization and compositional homogenization via interdiffusion. Furthermore this annealed layer formed a working device with a short circuit current density of 23 mA cm(-2). This combined modeling and experimental investigation underscores the need to consider practical micro-and nanostructure-dependent properties as well as the optical absorption and not simply thermodynamics when designing accelerated two step deposition and annealing processes for compound semiconductors. C1 [Meadows, H. J.; Kurihara, M.; Schuler, T.; Reis-Adonis, V.; Dale, P. J.] Univ Luxembourg, Phys & Mat Sci Res Unit, 41 Rue Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg. [Misra, S.; Scarpulla, M. A.] Univ Utah, Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Simonds, B. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Bhatia, A.; Scarpulla, M. A.] Univ Utah, Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Dale, PJ (reprint author), Univ Luxembourg, Phys & Mat Sci Res Unit, 41 Rue Brill, Belvaux, Luxembourg. EM Phillip.dale@uni.lu RI Dale, Phillip/B-2026-2009 OI Dale, Phillip/0000-0003-4821-8669 FU Fonds National de la Recherche du Luxembourg grant [MAT09/02]; US National Science Foundation under the Materials World Network award [1008302]; US Department of Energy via the Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium under prime award [DE-EE0004946] FX The authors thank the reviewers for their input in improving the manuscript. The work in Luxembourg was supported by Fonds National de la Recherche du Luxembourg grant MAT09/02. In Utah, the work on CuInSe2 experiments was supported by the US National Science Foundation under the Materials World Network award 1008302 while the work on modeling was supported by the US Department of Energy via the Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium under prime award DE-EE0004946. The authors would like to thank and recognize the help of Maxime Thevenin for EDX/SEM, Institut de Recherche et Developpement sur l'Energie Photvoltaique for cell completion, JV, and EQE measurements, and Cedric Broussillou for helpful discussions. This is an official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyright. Description of commercial products herein is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2017 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1336 EP 1345 DI 10.1039/c6tc03623f PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA EN3DJ UT WOS:000395888900007 ER PT J AU McNoldy, B Annane, B Majumdar, S Delgado, J Bucci, L Atlas, R AF McNoldy, Brian Annane, Bachir Majumdar, Sharanya Delgado, Javier Bucci, Lisa Atlas, Robert TI Impact of Assimilating CYGNSS Data on Tropical Cyclone Analyses and Forecasts in a Regional OSSE Framework SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Observing System; Experiment (OSSE); Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS); tropical cyclone ID OBSERVING SYSTEM; SIGNALS AB The impact of assimilating ocean surface wind observations from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is examined in a high-resolution Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework for tropical cyclones (TCs). CYGNSS is a planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration constellation of microsatellites that utilizes existing GNSS satellites to retrieve surface wind speed. In the OSSE, CYGNSS wind speed data are simulated using output from a nature run as truth. In a case study using the regional Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation scheme, analyses of TC position, structure, and intensity, together with large-scale variables, are improved due to the assimilation of the additional surface wind data. These results indicate the potential importance of CYGNSS ocean surface wind speed data and furthermore that the assimilation of directional information would add further value to TC analyses and forecasts. C1 [McNoldy, Brian; Majumdar, Sharanya] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Annane, Bachir; Delgado, Javier; Bucci, Lisa; Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Delgado, Javier; Bucci, Lisa] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP McNoldy, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bmcnoldy@rsmas.miami.edu FU NASA [NNL13AQ00C]; NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality; Developmental Testbed Center FX This study was supported by NASA Award NNL13AQ00C. The authors thank Christopher Ruf at the University of Michigan and the CYGNSS Science Team for the simulated CYGNSS datasets, the NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality for funding the development of the regional OSSE framework, the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project for computing resources, the Developmental Testbed Center for the GSI and HWRF code and support, and David Nolan at the University of Miami for providing the WRF nature run dataset. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 51 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA EN9CK UT WOS:000396298100002 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM AF Lofgren, Brent M. TI Comment on Hicham Bahi, et al. Effects of Urbanization and Seasonal Cycle on the Surface Urban Heat Island Patterns in the Coastal Growing Cities: A Case Study of Casablanca, Morocco. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 829 SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE climate change; evapotranspiration; land-atmosphere interaction; surface energy budget ID POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB A statement in this recently published paper makes a point that is largely at odds with the main point of the paper that is cited. Stating that higher air temperatures lead to greater evapotranspiration is an oversimplification; the true story is more complex. Although this is by no means central to the conclusions of the paper being commented on, we have demonstrated the danger in taking too literally the idea that air temperature determines potential evapotranspiration. C1 [Lofgren, Brent M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM Brent.Lofgren@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by base funding of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. This is GLERL Contribution Number 1848. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR UNSP 91 DI 10.3390/rs9010091 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EM7LN UT WOS:000395492600090 ER PT J AU Ouyang, ZT Shao, CL Chu, HS Becker, R Bridgeman, T Stepien, CA John, R Chen, JQ AF Ouyang, Zutao Shao, Changliang Chu, Housen Becker, Richard Bridgeman, Thomas Stepien, Carol A. John, Ranjeet Chen, Jiquan TI The Effect of Algal Blooms on Carbon Emissions in Western Lake Erie: An Integration of Remote Sensing and Eddy Covariance Measurements SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE algal bloom; carbon flux; ecosystem; large lake; MODIS; chlorophyll; biomass ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; MULTIPLE TIME SCALES; DIOXIDE SUPERSATURATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SONIC ANEMOMETER; CO2 FLUXES; TERRESTRIAL; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MODEL AB Lakes are important components for regulating carbon cycling within landscapes. Most lakes are regarded as CO2 sources to the atmosphere, except for a few eutrophic ones. Algal blooms are common phenomena in many eutrophic lakes and can cause many environmental stresses, yet their effects on the net exchange of CO2 (F-CO2) at large spatial scales have not been adequately addressed. We integrated remote sensing and Eddy Covariance (EC) technologies to investigate the effects that algal blooms have on F-CO2 in the western basin of Lake Eriea large lake infamous for these blooms. Three years of long-term EC data (2012-2014) at two sites were analyzed. We found that at both sites: (1) daily F-CO2 significantly correlated with daily temperature, light, and wind speed during the algal bloom periods; (2) monthly F-CO2 was negatively correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration; and (3) the year with larger algal blooms was always associated with lower carbon emissions. We concluded that large algal blooms could reduce carbon emissions in the western basin of Lake Erie. However, considering the complexity of processes within large lakes, the weak relationship we found, and the potential uncertainties that remain in our estimations of F-CO2 and chlorophyll-a, we argue that additional data and analyses are needed to validate our conclusion and examine the underlying regulatory mechanisms. C1 [Ouyang, Zutao; Shao, Changliang; John, Ranjeet; Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Ouyang, Zutao; Shao, Changliang; John, Ranjeet; Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Chu, Housen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Becker, Richard; Bridgeman, Thomas; Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bridgeman, Thomas; Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [Stepien, Carol A.] NOAA PMEL, Ocean Environm Res Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ouyang, ZT; Chen, JQ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.; Ouyang, ZT; Chen, JQ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM yangzutal@msu.edu; clshao@msu.edu; hchu@berkeley.edu; richard.becker@utoledo.edu; thomas.bridgeman@utoledo.edu; carol.stepien@utoledo.edu; ranjeetj@msu.edu; jqchen@msu.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 FU NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); National Science Foundation [NSF1034791]; Field Station and Marine Labs (FSML); US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC) FX We thank Michael Deal, Yahn-Jauh Su, Cody Kish, Butch Berger, Andrew McClure, Brenda Snyder, and others from the City of Toledo Division of Water Treatment for building and maintaining the site infrastructure and assisting in the data collection and management. Our site was supported by the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), for which we especially thank Steve Ruberg for help. The National Science Foundation (NSF1034791) Field Station and Marine Labs (FSML), and the US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC) supported this study. We also thank Gabriela Shirkey for language editing. This is contribution 4612 from NOAA PMEL (Pacific Marine Environmental Lab). NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 AR 44 DI 10.3390/rs9010044 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EM7LN UT WOS:000395492600044 ER PT J AU Honea, JM McClure, MM Jorgensen, JC Scheuerell, MD AF Honea, Jon M. McClure, Michelle M. Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. Scheuerell, Mark D. TI Assessing freshwater life-stage vulnerability of an endangered Chinook salmon population to climate change influences on stream habitat SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Life-cycle model; Landscape model; Hydrology model; Downscale ID COLUMBIA RIVER; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FUTURE CLIMATE; IMPACTS; RESTORATION; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL AB We linked a set of climate, hydrology, landscape, and fish population models to estimate the relative influence of freshwater habitat variables on the abundance of a population of endangered stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha responding to a warming climate. The hydrology models estimated that increases in annual air temperature and winter precipitation would lead to increases in water temperature and changes in discharge, including higher flows during the egg-incubation period and lower flows during the summer rearing period. The spatially explicit population model estimated a resulting decline of 0 to 7% in the number of spawners, with 3 of 4 global climate models estimating a decline of 4 to 7%. Increased water temperature during the summer spawning period was the most limiting among habitat variables modeled, but our modeling suggested that aggressive habitat restoration (increasing forested area and reducing impervious area) could mitigate some spawner abundance reductions. Better knowledge of the links between climate changes and habitat response, including increased streambed scour due to the larger and more frequent winter high-discharge events predicted by our hydrology models, would improve our ability to estimate climate effects on populations. Future limitation by elevated summer water temperature, and potentially egg-pocket scour, would further stress an endangered population currently limited by the percentage of fine sediment around egg pockets. Identifying such changes demonstrates the utility of models that consider climate and integrate life-stage-specific habitat influences over a species' life cycle, thereby indicating restoration actions with the potential to benefit sensitive life stages. C1 [Honea, Jon M.; Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McClure, Michelle M.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Honea, Jon M.] Emerson Coll, 120 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.] NOAA, Ocean Associates, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Honea, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Honea, JM (reprint author), Emerson Coll, 120 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM jon_honea@emerson.edu FU UCAR; Emerson College FX The downscaled dataset of GCMN estimates was provided by Pablo Carrasco of the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington (in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Ecology, Bonneville Power Administration, Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Oregon Water Resources Department, and the British Columbia Ministry of the Environment). Erin Rogers, then at the University of Washington Department of Civil Engineering, calibrated the DHSVMs for the Wenatchee River Basin. Both Mr. Carrasco and Ms. Rogers were guided by Alan Hamlet, then at the University of Washington Department of Civil Engineering. We also thank Lisa Crozier, Corey Phillis, and 3 anonymous reviewers for providing comments on earlier drafts; Alan Hamlet and Ray Hilborn for helpful discussions; countless field crew members who collected habitat data; and Damon Holzer for creating the map in Fig. 2. J.M.H. was supported by a postdoctoral grant from UCAR (administered through NOAA) and by Emerson College. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2017 VL 71 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.3354/cr01434 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK8OE UT WOS:000394182500003 ER PT J AU Matolak, DW Sun, RY AF Matolak, David W. Sun, Ruoyu TI Air-Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems-Part I: Methods, Measurements, and Models for Over-Water Settings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air-ground (AG) channel; delay spread; path loss; unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) ID DELAY SPREAD MEASUREMENTS; AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY; MOBILE; FREQUENCIES; BAND AB The use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs), which are also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, and by the term "drones" in the popular press, is growing rapidly. To ensure safety, UAS control and nonpayload communication (CNPC) links must operate very reliably in a variety of conditions. This requires an accurate quantitative characterization of the air-ground (AG) channel, and this channel characterization is the focus of this paper. After providing motivation and background, we describe our methods and modeling approach, followed by a description of our simultaneous dual-band (L-band similar to 970 MHz, C-band similar to 5 GHz) measurement campaign and the over-water (OW) measurement sites. Example results for path loss and root-mean-square delay spread are provided, as well as the results for channel stationarity distance (SD), used in calculating small-scale RicianK-factor and correlations between the two receiver antennas that we employed in each frequency band. Two distinct SD measures-the power delay profile (PDP) correlation coefficient and the spatial auto-correlation matrix collinearity-were used and found to be of the same order. Path-loss exponents are near that of free space, but significant two-ray cancelation effects for these OW settings warrant more accurate models, which we provide. Delay spreads in the OWchannels are also dominated by the two-ray components and are hence typically very small (similar to 10 ns) but can exceed 350 ns. A third intermittent multipath component (MPC) is also present a nonnegligible fraction of time; hence, we provide statistical wideband AG channel models to represent this. Future papers in this series will report results for the AG channel with ground sites in other types of environments. C1 [Matolak, David W.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sun, Ruoyu] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sun, Ruoyu] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matolak, DW (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM matolak@sc.edu; ruoyu.sun@nist.gov OI Sun, Ruoyu/0000-0002-0985-0349 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center [NNX12AR56G] FX This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center under Grant NNX12AR56G. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 66 IS 1 BP 26 EP 44 DI 10.1109/TVT.2016.2530306 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA EK8MM UT WOS:000394178000003 ER PT J AU Cribb, TH Crespo-Picazo, JL Cutmore, SC Stacy, BA Chapman, PA Garcia-Parraga, D AF Cribb, Thomas H. Crespo-Picazo, Jose L. Cutmore, Scott C. Stacy, Brian A. Chapman, Phoebe A. Garcia-Parraga, Daniel TI Elucidation of the first definitively identified life cycle for a marine turtle blood fluke (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae) enables informed control SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trematoda; Spirorchiidae; Life cycle; Vermetidae; Conservation; Sea turtles; Transmission ID RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; DIGENEA-SPIRORCHIIDAE; SCRIPTA STUNKARD; BLUEFIN TUNA; SEA; HOST; PLATYHELMINTHES AB Blood flukes of the family Spirorchiidae are significant pathogens of both free-ranging and captive marine turtles. Despite a significant proportion of marine turtle mortality being attributable to spirorchiid infections, details of their life cycles remain almost entirely unknown. Here we report on the molecular elucidation of the complete life cycle of a marine spirorchiid, identified as Amphiorchis sp., infecting vermetid gastropods and captive hatched neonate Caretta caretta in the Oceanografic Aquarium, in Valencia, Spain. Specimens of a vermetid gastropod, Thylaeodus cf. rugulosus (Monterosato, 1878), collected from the aquarium filtration system housing diseased C. caretta, were infected with sporocysts and cercariae consistent with the family Spirorchiidae. We generated rDNA sequence data [internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and partial 28S rDNA] from infections from the vermetid which were identical to sequences generated from eggs from the serosa of the intestine of neonate C caretta, and an adult spirorchiid from the liver of a C. caretta from Florida, USA. Given the reliability of these markers in the delineation of trematode species, we consider all three stages to represent the same species and tentatively identify it as a species of Amphiorchis Price, 1934. The source of infection at the Oceanografic Foundation Rehabilitation Centre, Valencia, Spain, is inferred to be an adult C. caretta from the western Mediterranean being rehabilitated in the same facility. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this Amphiorchis sp. is closely related to other spirorchiids of marine turtles (species of Carettacola Manter & Larson, 1950, Hapalotrema Looss, 1899 and Learedius Price, 1934). We discuss implications of the present findings for the control of spirorchiidiasis in captivity, for the better understanding of epidemiology in wild individuals, and the elucidation of further life cycles. (C) 2016 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cribb, Thomas H.; Cutmore, Scott C.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Crespo-Picazo, Jose L.; Garcia-Parraga, Daniel] Fdn Oceanog, Vet Serv & Res Dept, Avanqua Oceanog Agora, C Eduardo Primo Yufera 1B, Valencia 46013, Spain. [Stacy, Brian A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stacy, Brian A.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. [Chapman, Phoebe A.] Univ Queensland, Vet Marine Anim Res Teaching & Investigat Unit, Sch Vet Sci, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. RP Cribb, TH (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM T.Cribb@uq.edu.au NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 47 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.11.002 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EK4ZP UT WOS:000393937000007 PM 28003149 ER PT J AU Kremer, CT Williams, AK Finiguerra, M Fong, AA Kellerman, A Paver, SF Tolar, BB Toscano, BJ AF Kremer, Colin T. Williams, Alicia K. Finiguerra, Michael Fong, Allison A. Kellerman, Anne Paver, Sara F. Tolar, Bradley B. Toscano, Benjamin J. TI Realizing the potential of trait-based aquatic ecology: New tools and collaborative approaches SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID FRESH-WATER PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; 3-WAY TRADE-OFF; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; BODY-SIZE; FOOD-WEB; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; PLANKTOTHRIX-RUBESCENS AB Trait-based ecology, which focuses on using the traits of species and individuals to understand ecology (from populations to ecosystems), is becoming an increasingly productive and widely employed paradigm. To date, trait-based approaches have been used to study taxa from microbes to megafauna in every major area of aquatic ecology yielding exciting results. However, this promising field faces a number of significant obstacles, including: (1) identifying and measuring ecologically relevant traits, (2) integrating inter- and intra-specific trait variation, (3) detecting and quantifying trait correlations and trade-offs, and (4) accounting for the context dependency of traits. These issues are often particularly acute for specific taxa or systems. This paper highlights these looming challenges, as well as ways to address them. Proposed solutions center around using new technologies to collect trait data, coordinating research efforts, and curating and sharing data. Throughout, we take an interdisciplinary approach, sharing examples spanning a wide range of aquatic taxa and systems. It is our hope that this paper will stimulate frank discussions and help the growing field of trait-based aquatic ecology maximize its potential. C1 [Kremer, Colin T.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Kremer, Colin T.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Finiguerra, Michael] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Finiguerra, Michael] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Avery Point Campus, Groton, CT USA. [Fong, Allison A.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Biosci Div, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kellerman, Anne] Florida State Univ, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Paver, Sara F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Tolar, Bradley B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toscano, Benjamin J.] Rice Univ, BioSci, Houston, TX USA. RP Kremer, CT (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.; Kremer, CT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM colin.kremer@yale.edu FU NSF [OCE-1356192]; ASLO; C-MORE; University of Hawaii; NSF PRFB Fellowship [1402074]; Arnold O. Beckman Postdoctoral Fellowship; Sea Grant Knauss Fellowship FX This paper emerged from the EcoDAS XI Program, which is sponsored by NSF OCE-1356192, ASLO, C-MORE, and the University of Hawaii. Additional support came from: NSF PRFB Fellowship 1402074 to C.T.K., Arnold O. Beckman Postdoctoral Fellowship to B.J.T., and Sea Grant Knauss Fellowship to S.F.P. We are grateful to K.F. Edwards, P. Kemp, L. Baker, C. Klausmeier, R. Prunier, S.E. Hampton, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback. NR 164 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 253 EP 271 DI 10.1002/lno.10392 PG 19 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EK3CW UT WOS:000393804600017 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Hawley, N Phanikumar, MS AF Nguyen, Tuan D. Hawley, Nathan Phanikumar, Mantha S. TI Ice cover, winter circulation, and exchange in Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REGIONAL CLIMATE; ZEBRA MUSSELS; MODEL; CONTAMINATION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Winter circulation exerts a strong control on the release and timing of nutrients and contaminants from bays into the adjoining lakes. To estimate winter residence times of solutes in the presence of ice cover, we used an ice model coupled to hydrodynamic, thermal and solute transport models of Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron for two low (2010 and 2013) and two high (2009 and 2014) ice years. The models were tested using temperature data from thermistor chains and current data from ADCP moorings deployed during the wintertime. Simulated water temperatures compared favorably to lake-wide average surface temperatures derived from NOAA's AVHRR satellite imagery. Simulated results of ice cover are in agreement with observed data from the Great Lakes Ice Atlas. Our results indicate that ice cover significantly dampens water movement producing almost stagnant conditions around February. Estimates of residence times for Saginaw Bay (defined as the e-folding flushing time based on vertically integrated dye concentrations) show that the mean residence times in a low ice year (2013) are 2.2 months for the inner bay, and 3.5 months for the entire bay. The corresponding numbers for a high ice year (2014) are 4.9 and 5.3 months, respectively. Considering the entire bay, solutes stored in the bay can be expected to be released into the lake between March (low ice year) and April (high ice year). These results are expected to aid in understanding the behavior of contaminants in the Great Lakes during the winter months and in early spring. C1 [Nguyen, Tuan D.; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nguye236@egr.msu.edu FU Vietnam government FX We thank Guoting Kang and Pramod Thupaki for their contributions to this research. Tuan Nguyen's doctoral dissertation research at Michigan State University was made possible by a scholarship from the Vietnam government. This is GLERL Contribution Number 1828. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 376 EP 393 DI 10.1002/lno.10431 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EK3CW UT WOS:000393804600026 ER PT J AU He, J Soden, BJ AF He, Jie Soden, Brian J. TI A re-examination of the projected subtropical precipitation decline SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RESPONSE; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; LAND; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; TRENDS; OCEAN; CYCLE AB A large-scale precipitation decline in the subtropics is a widely accepted projection of future climate change(1-3), but its causes and implications are uncertain. Two mechanisms are commonly used to explain the large-scale subtropical precipitation decline: an amplification of moisture export due to the increase in moisture(4) and a poleward shift of subtropical subsidence associated with the poleward expansion of the Hadley cell(5,6). In an idealized experiment with abrupt CO2 increase, we find that the subtropical precipitation decline forms primarily in the fast adjustment to CO2 forcing during which neither of the two proposed mechanisms exists. Permitting the increase in moisture and the Hadley cell expansion does not substantially change the characteristics of the large-scale subtropical precipitation decline. This precipitation change should be interpreted as a response to the land-sea warming contrast, the direct radiative forcing of CO2 and, in certain regions, the pattern of SST changes. Moreover, the subtropical precipitation decline is projected predominately over oceans. Over subtropical land regions, the precipitation decline is muted or even reversed by the land-sea warming contrast. C1 [He, Jie] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [He, Jie] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Soden, Brian J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP He, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; He, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Jie.He@noaa.gov FU Visiting Scientist Program at the department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Princeton University FX We thank I. Held, T. Knutson, J. Scheff and L. Polvani for useful discussions. Thanks also go to T. Delworth and K. van der Wiel for their internal review at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. J.H. is supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Princeton University. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3157 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EN9VC UT WOS:000396346700015 ER PT J AU Marvasti, A Dakhlia, S AF Marvasti, Akbar Dakhlia, Sami TI Occupational Safety and the Shift from Common to Individual Fishing Quotas in the Gulf of Mexico SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL FISHERMEN; RISK PREFERENCES; ACCIDENTS; WORKER AB We investigate and measure how a shift from a regime of common property to one of private ownership of fishing rights affected the safety of commercial fishing activity. To deal with overfishing and stock depletion of red snapper and grouper-tilefish in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), various regulatory controls, most notably common quotas and seasonal closures, were introduced in the early 1990s. The resulting "fishing derbies" led to an increased number of accidents and fatalities. We show that the subsequently implemented individual fishing quota programs led to a sharp reduction in the number of fatalities, in large part because of lower pressure to make risky trip decisions, in particular under adverse weather conditions. C1 [Marvasti, Akbar] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Marvasti, Akbar] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Dakhlia, Sami] ESCE Int Business Sch, 10 Rue Sextius Michel, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Marvasti, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM akbar.marvasti@noaa.gov; sami.dakhlia@esce.fr FU NOAA FX The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA. The support of NOAA is gratefully acknowledged. We are also thankful to participants of the 2013 Southern Economic Association meetings in Atlanta for their helpful comments, Devin Lucas at CDC for the fatality data, Elizabeth Sainsbury at NOAA for her assistance, and Maria Crawford for copyediting. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0038-4038 EI 2325-8012 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 83 IS 3 BP 705 EP 720 DI 10.1002/soej.12154 PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA EK5HE UT WOS:000393956700011 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Deglmann, P Kramer, R Linteris, GT AF Babushok, Valeri I. Deglmann, Peter Kraemer, Roland Linteris, Gregory T. TI Influence of Antimony-Halogen Additives on Flame Propagation SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antimony fire retardant; Antimony tribromide; Bromine fire retardant; Flame inhibition; Synergism ID INHIBITION; COMBUSTION; SYSTEM; FLAMMABILITY; RETARDANTS; POLYMERS AB A kinetic model for flame inhibition by antimony-halogen compounds in hydrocarbon flames is developed. Thermodynamic data for the relevant species are assembled from the literature, and calculations are performed for a large set of additional species of Sb-Br-C-H-O system. The main Sb- and Br-containing species in the combustion products and reaction zone are determined using flame equilibrium calculations with a set of possible Sb-Br-C-H-O species, and these are used to develop the species and reactions in a detailed kinetic model for antimony flame inhibition. The complete thermodynamic data set and kinetic mechanism are presented. Laminar burning velocity simulations are used to validate the mechanism against available data in the literature, as well as to explore the relative performance of the antimony-halogen compounds. Further analysis of the premixed flame simulations has unraveled the catalytic radical recombination cycle of antimony. It includes (primarily) the species Sb, SbO, SbO2, and HOSbO, and the reactions: Sb + O + M=SbO + M; Sb + O-2 + M=SbO2 + M; SbO + H=Sb + OH; SbO + O=Sb + O-2; SbO + OH + M=HOSbO + M; SbO2 + H2O=HOSbO + OH; HOSbO + H=SbO + H2O; SbO + O + M=SbO2 + M. The inhibition cycles of antimony are shown to be more effective than those of bromine, and intermediate between the highly effective agents CF3Br and trimethylphosphate. Preliminary examination of a Sb/Br gas-phase system did not show synergism in the gas-phase catalytic cycles (i.e., they acted essentially independently). C1 [Babushok, Valeri I.; Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deglmann, Peter] BASF SE, Adv Mat & Syst Res, Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Kraemer, Roland] BASF SE, Adv Mat & Syst Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vbabushok@nist.gov FU BASF FX The author (VB) was supported by BASF. Official contribution of NIST, not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this article to adequately specify procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2017 VL 189 IS 2 BP 290 EP 311 DI 10.1080/00102202.2016.1208187 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EK1JZ UT WOS:000393682900006 PM 28133390 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Nii, D Manzello, SL AF Suzuki, Sayaka Nii, Daisaku Manzello, Samuel L. TI The performance of wood and tile roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand assault SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE firebrands; WUI fires; ignition ID INTERFACE WUI FIRES; URBAN; WIND; SHOWERS; IGNITION AB The performance of tile roofing assemblies as well as untreated cedar shake roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand showers were compared. Specifically, experiments were conducted for two types of concrete tile roofing assemblies (flat and profiled), one type of terracotta tile roofing assembly (flat) and an untreated (without any fire retardant) cedar shake roofing assembly. The design of the roofing assemblies was based on construction guidelines in the USA. The duration of the firebrand flux was fixed at 20min, and the wind speed was varied from 6m/s to 9m/s. These wind speeds were chosen to be able to compare roofing assembly performance to similar assemblies exposed to a batch-feed firebrand generator which had limited duration of firebrand exposure (6min). The average firebrand mass flux that arrived at the surface of the roofing assemblies was 0.3g/m(2)s Results indicated that for the untreated cedar shake assemblies, ignition occurred easily from the firebrand assault, and this type of roofing assembly generated their own firebrands after ignition. To attempt to quantify the degree of penetration, the number of firebrands that penetrated the tile roofing assemblies, and deposited onto the underlayment/counter-batten system was counted as function of wind speed for each assembly. Firebrand penetration was observed, even for the flat tile assemblies. It is believed that these are the first-ever experiments described in the peer-reviewed literature to expose wood and tile roofing experiments to continuous wind-driven firebrand showers. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Suzuki, Sayaka] NRIFD, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Nii, Daisaku] BRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nii, Daisaku] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2017 VL 41 IS 1 BP 84 EP 96 DI 10.1002/fam.2372 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA EK8AQ UT WOS:000394146700007 ER PT J AU Berg, A Sheffield, J Milly, PCD AF Berg, Alexis Sheffield, Justin Milly, P. C. D. TI Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; climate change; water cycle; drought; hydrology ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY; DROUGHT; 21ST-CENTURY; EXPANSION; RESPONSES; EVOLUTION; TRENDS AB Land aridity has been projected to increase with global warming. Such projections are mostly based on off-line aridity and drought metrics applied to climate model outputs but also are supported by climate-model projections of decreased surface soil moisture. Here we comprehensively analyze soil moisture projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, including surface, total, and layer-by-layer soil moisture. We identify a robust vertical gradient of projected mean soil moisture changes, with more negative changes near the surface. Some regions of the northern middle to high latitudes exhibit negative annual surface changes but positive total changes. We interpret this behavior in the context of seasonal changes in the surface water budget. This vertical pattern implies that the extensive drying predicted by off-line drought metrics, while consistent with the projected decline in surface soil moisture, will tend to overestimate (negatively) changes in total soil water availability. C1 [Berg, Alexis; Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Berg, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ab5@princeton.edu FU NOAA [NA15OAR4310091] FX This study was supported by NOAA project NA15OAR4310091. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1002/2016GL071921 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900028 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Birnbaum, AN AF Johnson, Gregory C. Birnbaum, Abigail N. TI As El Nino builds, Pacific Warm Pool expands, ocean gains more heat SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Earth's energy imbalance; Argo; CERES; ocean heat content ID MEAN SEA-LEVEL; DECADAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; LA-NINA; CLIMATE; BUDGET; EARTH; OSCILLATION; RADIATION; HIATUS AB El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects substantial redistributions of ocean temperature, both horizontal and vertical, on interannual time scales, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Analyses of monthly Argo-based ocean temperature maps illustrate large-scale ocean heat content redistributions with ENSO. They quantify a globally averaged sea surface temperature warming of similar to 0.1 degrees C with a 1 degrees C increase of the Nino3.4 index (a moderate El Nino), a substantial perturbation to the 0.13 degrees Cdecade(-1) trend in sea surface temperature. Monthly satellite-based estimates of Earth's energy imbalance suggest that a 1 degrees C increase of the Nino3.4 index corresponds to an increase of similar to 3.4ZJ in Earth's energy storage, more gently modulating the longer-term similar to 114ZJdecade(-1) trend. Yearly global ocean heat content estimates based on ocean temperature data, with their reduced uncertainties compared to monthly maps, reveal interannual variations in Earth's energy storage that correspond well with satellite-based estimates. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.; Birnbaum, Abigail N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Birnbaum, Abigail N.] Cornell Univ, Coll Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA Research; NOAA Hollings Scholar Program FX Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu and http://argo.jcom-mops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. Data used in this study can be accessed at the URLs found in section 2. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. G.C.J. is supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce, and NOAA Research. A.N.B. was supported by the NOAA Hollings Scholar Program. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Contribution Number 4557. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1002/2016GL071767 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900051 ER PT J AU Paulot, F Fan, S Horowitz, LW AF Paulot, F. Fan, S. Horowitz, L. W. TI Contrasting seasonal responses of sulfate aerosols to declining SO2 emissions in the Eastern US: Implications for the efficacy of SO2 emission controls SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sulfate aerosl; seasonal trend; castnet; cloud chemistry; CMIP; air quality ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; UNITED-STATES; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; CLIMATE MODEL; WET DEPOSITION; EARLY 1990S; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; CHEMISTRY AB Stringent controls have reduced U.S. SO2 emissions by over 60% since the late 1990s. These controls have been more effective at reducing surface SO42- in summer (June, July, and August) than in winter (December, January, and February (DJF)), a seasonal contrast that is not robustly captured by Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 global models. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AM3 chemistry-climate model to show that oxidant limitation during winter causes SO42- (DJF) to be sensitive to primary SO42- emissions, in-cloud titration of H2O2, and in-cloud oxidation by O-3. The observed contrast in the seasonal response of SO42- to decreasing SO2 emissions is best explained by the O-3 reaction, whose rate coefficient has increased over the past decades as a result of increasing NH3 emissions and decreasing SO2 emissions, both of which lower cloud water acidity. The fraction of SO2 oxidized to SO42- is projected to keep increasing in future decades, delaying improvements in wintertime air quality. C1 [Paulot, F.; Fan, S.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Paulot, F (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Paulot, F (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Fabien.Paulot@noaa.gov OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Paulot, Fabien/0000-0001-7534-4922 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program FX CASTNET observations and CMIP5 data can be obtained at www.epa.gov/castnet and esgf-index1.ceda.ac.uk/search/cmip5-ceda, respectively. The output of AM3 sensitivity simulations is available upon request (Fabien.Paulot@noaa.gov). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table S3 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank Vashali Naik, Paul Ginoux, and Erik Mason for their help. This study was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1002/2016GL070695 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900053 ER PT J AU Jeong, S Cui, XG Blake, DR Miller, B Montzka, SA Andrews, A Guha, A Martien, P Bambha, RP LaFranchi, B Michelsen, HA Clements, CB Glaize, P Fischer, ML AF Jeong, Seongeun Cui, Xinguang Blake, Donald R. Miller, Ben Montzka, Stephen A. Andrews, Arlyn Guha, Abhinav Martien, Philip Bambha, Ray P. LaFranchi, Brian Michelsen, Hope A. Clements, Craig B. Glaize, Pierre Fischer, Marc L. TI Estimating methane emissions from biological and fossil-fuel sources in the San Francisco Bay Area SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methane; greenhouse gas; natural gas; emission inventory; atmospheric transport; inverse model ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; CALIFORNIA; MODEL; GOSAT; CA AB We present the first sector-specific analysis of methane (CH4) emissions from the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) using CH4 and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements from six sites during September - December 2015. We apply a hierarchical Bayesian inversion to separate the biological from fossil-fuel (natural gas and petroleum) sources using the measurements of CH4 and selected VOCs, a source-specific 1km CH4 emission model, and an atmospheric transport model. We estimate that SFBA CH4 emissions are 166-289GgCH(4)/yr (at 95% confidence), 1.3-2.3 times higher than a recent inventory with much of the underestimation from landfill. Including the VOCs, 8227% of total posterior median CH4 emissions are biological and 173% fossil fuel, where landfill and natural gas dominate the biological and fossil-fuel CH4 of prior emissions, respectively. C1 [Jeong, Seongeun; Cui, Xinguang; Fischer, Marc L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal & Environm Impacts Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Miller, Ben; Montzka, Stephen A.; Andrews, Arlyn] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Guha, Abhinav; Martien, Philip] Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bambha, Ray P.; LaFranchi, Brian; Michelsen, Hope A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Clements, Craig B.; Glaize, Pierre] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal & Environm Impacts Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sjeong@lbl.gov FU California Energy Commissions Public Interest Environmental Research program under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Authors acknowledge BAAQMD staff in the Planning and Climate Protection Division for assistance with emissions inventory development and staff in the Meteorology, Measurements and Rules Division for assistance with air quality data collection and site access. The methane and ethane data used in the inversion, THD background data, and high-resolution prior emissions are in supplements, and the CALGEM prior emission distribution is available at http://calgem.lbl.gov/. This analysis was supported by the California Energy Commissions Public Interest Environmental Research program, with work at LBNL conducted under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 486 EP 495 DI 10.1002/2016GL071794 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900056 ER PT J AU Clifton, OE Fiore, AM Munger, JW Malyshev, S Horowitz, LW Shevliakova, E Paulot, F Murray, LT Griffin, KL AF Clifton, O. E. Fiore, A. M. Munger, J. W. Malyshev, S. Horowitz, L. W. Shevliakova, E. Paulot, F. Murray, L. T. Griffin, K. L. TI Interannual variability in ozone removal by a temperate deciduous forest SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Review DE dry deposition; ozone; stomatal conductance; deciduous forest; interannual variability ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; WATER-USE; VEGETATED SURFACES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MULTILAYER MODEL; EDDY COVARIANCE; NITROGEN-OXIDES AB The ozone (O-3) dry depositional sink and its contribution to observed variability in tropospheric O-3 are both poorly understood. Distinguishing O-3 uptake through plant stomata versus other pathways is relevant for quantifying the O-3 influence on carbon and water cycles. We use a decade of O-3, carbon, and energy eddy covariance (EC) fluxes at Harvard Forest to investigate interannual variability (IAV) in O-3 deposition velocities ( vd,O3). In each month, monthly mean vd,O3 for the highest year is twice that for the lowest. Two independent stomatal conductance estimates, based on either water vapor EC or gross primary productivity, vary little from year to year relative to canopy conductance. We conclude that nonstomatal deposition controls the substantial observed IAV in summertime vd,O3 during the 1990s over this deciduous forest. The absence of obvious relationships between meteorology and vd,O3 implies a need for additional long-term, high-quality measurements and further investigation of nonstomatal mechanisms. C1 [Clifton, O. E.; Fiore, A. M.; Griffin, K. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Clifton, O. E.; Fiore, A. M.; Griffin, K. L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Malyshev, S.] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.; Horowitz, L. W.; Shevliakova, E.; Paulot, F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Paulot, F.] Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ USA. [Murray, L. T.] Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY USA. [Griffin, K. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA. RP Clifton, OE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA.; Clifton, OE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM oclifton@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Griffin, Kevin/B-2629-2013; OI Griffin, Kevin/0000-0003-4124-3757; Murray, Lee/0000-0002-3447-3952; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Munger, J William/0000-0002-1042-8452; Paulot, Fabien/0000-0001-7534-4922 FU NOAA [NA14OAR4310133]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-16-44869]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER); NSF Long-Term Ecological Research FX We acknowledge support from NOAA grant NA14OAR4310133 and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-16-44869) to O.E.C. Harvard Forest observations were supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (BER), and NSF Long-Term Ecological Research. O.E.C. acknowledges a useful conversation with Harald Rieder. Please contact O.E.C. for the data used here. This is Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution 8077. We acknowledge the useful comments and feedback from two anonymous reviewers. NR 110 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 44 IS 1 BP 542 EP 552 DI 10.1002/2016GL070923 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EK5GM UT WOS:000393954900062 ER PT J AU Lee, MY Munroe, TA Kai, Y AF Lee, Mao-Ying Munroe, Thomas A. Kai, Yoshiaki TI Description of a new cryptic species of tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) from shallow waters off Japan SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tongue sole; West Pacific biodiversity; Genetic barcode ID PACIFIC; DIVERGENCE; FLATFISH; OCEAN AB Symphurus longirostris, a new, cryptic tonguefish, was discovered by combining evidence from both morphological characters and the genetic divergence data of partial sequences of the 16S rRNA and COI genes. This dwarf species, reaching sizes to 65.5 mm standard length (SL), is described from 37 specimens collected from shallow waters around southern and central Japan. Compared with congeners, S. longirostris shares many morphological similarities with those of S. microrhynchus, S. holothuriae, and several undescribed species that are morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus. Symphurus longirostris differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: a predominant 1-2-2-2-2 ID pattern; 12 caudal-fin rays; 9 abdominal vertebrae; 45-48 total vertebrae; four hypurals; 81-88 dorsal-fin rays; 68-74 anal-fin rays; 56-66 longitudinal scale rows; 21-26 transverse scales; 11-14 scale rows on the head posterior to lower orbit; a well-developed fleshy ridge on the ocular-side lower jaw; a membrane covering both eyes that is continuous with the anterior nostril; distinct spots present in the dermis at the bases of the anterior dorsal- and anal-fin rays; the dorsalmost aspect of the peritoneum bluish black; the upper head lobe larger than lower head lobe; relatively short lengths of the head (HL 20.5-22.6 % of SL) and postorbital region (POL 13.0-14.9 % of SL); relatively long snout (SNL 18.7-24.4 % of HL); and relatively long predorsal length (PDL 23.8-32.7 % of HL) compared with corresponding features in S. microrhynchus and S. holothuriae. Analysis of morphological and molecular features in this description of S. longirostris will also help to clarify the status of the poorly known species, S. microrhynchus and S. holothuriae. This study is the beginning of a taxonomic revision of shallow-water species of Symphurus from the Indo-West Pacific. C1 [Lee, Mao-Ying] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Munroe, Thomas A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kai, Yoshiaki] Kyoto Univ, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Maizuru Fisheries Res Stn, Maizuru, Kyoto 6250086, Japan. RP Lee, MY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM coleopetera@gmail.com OI Lee, Mao-Ying/0000-0002-4643-3173 FU BRCAS FX The authors express their appreciation to K.-T. Shao (BRCAS) for funding support for molecular analyses and for funding M.-Y. Lee for museum visits conducted during this study. L.-P. Lin (ASIZP), G. Shinohara (NSMT), J. Clayton (USNM), and L. Willis (NSL) assisted with loan, cataloguing, and shipment of specimens; H. Endo, N. Nakayama, R. Asaoka, and T. Naito (BSKU) provided assistance and support during M.-Y. Lee's visit to their institution. The authors also thank H. Endo, N. Nakayama, R. Asaoka, and T. Naito (BSKU) for providing many preserved specimens from Japanese waters, which provided us with better understanding of the intraspecific morphological variation in these fishes. Special thanks also go to Y. Ogura, the captain of R/V Ryokuyo-maru, for help in collecting specimens. C.-H. Chang (BRCAS) provided useful comments about molecular aspects of this study. M.-Y. Lee extends his appreciation to J. Maclaine (BMNH) and R. de Ruiter (RMNH) who provided great assistance and hospitality during M.-Y. Lee's visit to their institutions to re-examine type specimens. Also, M.-Y. Lee extends his appreciation and gratitude to members of the Laboratory of Fish Ecology and Evolution for their support and assistance during this study. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 64 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10228-016-0541-8 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EK0VQ UT WOS:000393645600009 ER PT J AU Bao, Y Chen, YZ Hoehler, MS Smith, CM Bundy, M Chen, GD AF Bao, Yi Chen, Yizheng Hoehler, Matthew S. Smith, Christopher M. Bundy, Matthew Chen, Genda TI Experimental Analysis of Steel Beams Subjected to Fire Enhanced by Brillouin Scattering-Based Fiber Optic Sensor Data SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel beams; Thermo-mechanical analysis; Nonuniform temperature distribution; Distributed fiber optic sensors; Fire; Structural safety and reliability ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PART 1; RESISTANCE; COLUMNS AB This paper presents high temperature measurements using a Brillouin scattering-based fiber optic sensor and the application of the measured temperatures and building code recommended material parameters into enhanced thermomechanical analysis of simply supported steel beams subjected to combined thermal and mechanical loading. The distributed temperature sensor captures detailed, nonuniform temperature distributions that are compared locally with thermocouple measurements with less than 4.7% average difference at 95% confidence level. The simulated strains and deflections are validated using measurements from a second distributed fiber optic (strain) sensor and two linear potentiometers, respectively. The results demonstrate that the temperature-dependent material properties specified in the four investigated building codes lead to strain predictions with less than 13% average error at 95% confidence level and that the Europe building code provided the best predictions. However, the implicit consideration of creep in Europe is insufficient when the beam temperature exceeds 800 degrees C. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Bao, Yi; Chen, Yizheng] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hoehler, Matthew S.; Smith, Christopher M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bundy, Matthew] NIST, Natl Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Genda] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Chen, GD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM gchen@mst.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB13H183] FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Award No. 70NANB13H183. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of NIST. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor to imply the materials or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 143 IS 1 AR 04016143 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001617 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA EK0YX UT WOS:000393654100002 ER PT J AU Beutler, F Seo, HJ Ross, AJ McDonald, P Saito, S Bolton, AS Brownstein, JR Chuang, CH Cuesta, AJ Eisenstein, DJ Font-Ribera, A Grieb, JN Hand, N Kitaura, FS Modi, C Nichol, RC Percival, WJ Prada, F Rodriguez-Torres, S Roe, NA Ross, NP Salazar-Albornoz, S Sanchez, AG Schneider, DP Slosar, A Tinker, J Tojeiro, R Vargas-Magana, M Vazquez, JA AF Beutler, Florian Seo, Hee-Jong Ross, Ashley J. McDonald, Patrick Saito, Shun Bolton, Adam S. Brownstein, Joel R. Chuang, Chia-Hsun Cuesta, Antonio J. Eisenstein, Daniel J. Font-Ribera, Andreu Grieb, Jan Niklas Hand, Nick Kitaura, Francisco-Shu Modi, Chirag Nichol, Robert C. Percival, Will J. Prada, Francisco Rodriguez-Torres, Sergio Roe, Natalie A. Ross, Nicholas P. Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador Sanchez, Ariel G. Schneider, Donald P. Slosar, Anze Tinker, Jeremy Tojeiro, Rita Vargas-Magana, Mariana Vazquez, Jose A. TI The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: baryon acoustic oscillations in the Fourier space SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitation; surveys; cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; dark energy; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; POWER-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; PROBING DARK ENERGY; FINAL DATA RELEASE; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; CENT DISTANCE; CMASS GALAXIES; SCALE; RECONSTRUCTION; UNIVERSE AB We analyse the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signal of the final Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) data release (DR12). Our analysis is performed in the Fourier space, using the power spectrum monopole and quadrupole. The data set includes 1198 006 galaxies over the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.75. We divide this data set into three (overlapping) redshift bins with the effective redshifts z(eff) = 0.38, 0.51 and 0.61. We demonstrate the reliability of our analysis pipeline using N-body simulations as well as similar to 1000 MultiDark-Patchy mock catalogues that mimic the BOSS-DR12 target selection. We apply density field reconstruction to enhance the BAO signal-to-noise ratio. By including the power spectrum quadrupole we can separate the line of sight and angular modes, which allows us to constrain the angular diameter distance D-A(z) and the Hubble parameter H(z) separately. We obtain two independent 1.6 and 1.5 per cent constraints on D-A(z) and 2.9 and 2.3 per cent constraints on H(z) for the low (z(eff) = 0.38) and high (z(eff) = 0.61) redshift bin, respectively. We obtain two independent 1 and 0.9 per cent constraints on the angular averaged distance D-V(z), when ignoring the Alcock-Paczynski effect. The detection significance of the BAO signal is of the order of 8 sigma (post-reconstruction) for each of the three redshift bins. Our results are in good agreement with the Planck prediction within Lambda cold dark matter. This paper is part of a set that analyses the final galaxy clustering data set from BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are combined with others in Alam et al. to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS. C1 [Beutler, Florian; Nichol, Robert C.; Percival, Will J.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Dennis Sciama Bldg, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England. [Beutler, Florian; McDonald, Patrick; Font-Ribera, Andreu; Roe, Natalie A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Hee-Jong] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Labs 251B, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Ross, Ashley J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Saito, Shun; Font-Ribera, Andreu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Saito, Shun] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Bolton, Adam S.; Brownstein, Joel R.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.] NOAA, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Chuang, Chia-Hsun; Prada, Francisco; Rodriguez-Torres, Sergio] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor, UAM, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Chuang, Chia-Hsun; Kitaura, Francisco-Shu] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Cuesta, Antonio J.] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Grieb, Jan Niklas; Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Grieb, Jan Niklas; Salazar-Albornoz, Salvador; Sanchez, Ariel G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Postfach 1312,Giessenbachstr, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hand, Nick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Modi, Chirag] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Prada, Francisco; Rodriguez-Torres, Sergio] CSIC, Campus Int Excellence UAM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Prada, Francisco] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Ross, Nicholas P.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Slosar, Anze; Vazquez, Jose A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tinker, Jeremy] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Tojeiro, Rita] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Vargas-Magana, Mariana] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apdo Postal 20-364, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Beutler, F (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Dennis Sciama Bldg, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England.; Beutler, F (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM florian.beutler@port.ac.uk FU UK Space Agency [ST/N00180X/1]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy Office of Science; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-SC0014329]; Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio Programme [MultiDark CSD2009-00064]; MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme [SEV-2012-0249, AYA2014-60641-C2-1-P] FX FB acknowledges support from the UK Space Agency through grant ST/N00180X/1.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington and Yale University.; This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 464 IS 3 BP 3409 EP 3430 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw2373 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EK0WK UT WOS:000393647600069 ER PT J AU Gustafsson, S Jonsson, P Fischer, CF Grant, IP AF Gustafsson, S. Jonsson, P. Fischer, C. Froese Grant, I. P. TI MCDHF and RCI calculations of energy levels, lifetimes and transition rates for 3l3l ', 3l4l ', and 3s5l states in Ca IX - As XXII and Kr XXV SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; methods: numerical; line: identification ID SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; MG-LIKE IRON; FOCK CALCULATIONS; ATOMIC DATA; SEQUENCE; PROBABILITIES; PROGRAM AB Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) calculations and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) calculations were performed for states of the 3l3l 0, 3l4l 0 and 3s5l configurations in the Mg-like ions Ca IX - As XXII and KrXXV. Valence and core-valence electron correlation effects are accounted for through large configuration state function expansions. Calculated excitation energies are in very good agreement with observations for the lowest levels. For higher lying levels observations are often missing and present energies aid line identification in spectra. Lifetimes and transition data are given for all ions. There is an excellent agreement for both lifetimes and transition data with recent multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock Breit Pauli calculations. C1 [Gustafsson, S.; Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-21119 Malmo, Sweden. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, I. P.] Univ Oxford, Math Inst, Oxford OX2 6GG, England. [Grant, I. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. RP Gustafsson, S (reprint author), Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-21119 Malmo, Sweden. EM stefan.gustafsson@mah.se FU Swedish Research Council [2015-04842] FX S.G. and P.J. acknowledge support from the Swedish Research Council under Grant 2015-04842. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 597 AR A76 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201628768 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EI3LS UT WOS:000392392900051 ER PT J AU Ramamurthy, P Bou-Zeid, E AF Ramamurthy, P. Bou-Zeid, E. TI Heatwaves and urban heat islands: A comparative analysis of multiple cities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; CLIMATE; ENERGY; WAVES; CIRCULATION; METEOROLOGY; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE AB The recent International Panel on Climate Change report predicts the highly urbanized Northeastern U.S. to be at high risk to heat waves. Since urban residents and infrastructure are known to be highly vulnerable to extreme heat, the goal of this paper is to understand the interaction between the synoptic-scale heat wave and the city-scale urban heat island (UHI) effects. The study also qualitatively analyzes the primary factors that contribute to UHIs by comparing their intensities in different cities with distinct geo-physical characteristics. Our results, generated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model augmented with advanced urban surface parameterizations, confirm that the amplitude of UHI is related to the physical size of the city. However, the results suggest that cities of comparabale sizes might interact differently with heat waves: in New York City; Washington, DC; and Baltimore (but not in Philadelphia) the regular UHI was amplified more strongly during heat waves compared to smaller cities. The results also establish that the pattern of UHI in different cities, its variability, and its interaction with heat waves are inherently linked to dynamic factors. C1 [Ramamurthy, P.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ramamurthy, P.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bou-Zeid, E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ramamurthy, P (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Ramamurthy, P (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM pramamurthy@ccny.cuny.edu FU Department of Defense Army Research Office [W911NF-15-1-0526]; US National Science Foundation's Sustainability Research Network [1444758] FX The work was partly supported by the Department of Defense Army Research Office under grant W911NF-15-1-0526 and by the US National Science Foundation's Sustainability Research Network Cooperative Agreement 1444758. The simulations were performed on Yellowstone super computer at the National Center For atmospheric research (P36861020). Both the data and input files necessary to reproduce the experiments with WRF are available from the authors upon request. It will be made available in the PI's webserver at ufo.ccny.cuny.edu. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1002/2016JD025357 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK4DR UT WOS:000393877800010 ER PT J AU Lapo, KE Hinkelman, LM Sumargo, E Hughes, M Lundquist, JD AF Lapo, Karl E. Hinkelman, Laura M. Sumargo, Edwin Hughes, Mimi Lundquist, Jessica D. TI A critical evaluation of modeled solar irradiance over California for hydrologic and land surface modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE solar radiation; mountain meteorology; surface energy budget ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; CENTRAL VALLEY; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; RADIATION BUDGET; CLOUD PROPERTIES; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY BUDGET AB Studies of land surface processes in complex terrain often require estimates of meteorological variables, i.e., the incoming solar irradiance (Q(si)), to force land surface models. However, estimates of Q(si) are rarely evaluated within mountainous environments. We evaluated four methods of estimating Q(si): the CERES Synoptic Radiative Fluxes and Clouds (SYN) product, MTCLIM, a regional reanalysis product derived from a long-term Weather Research and Forecast simulation, and Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model (MTCLIM). These products are evaluated over the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada mountains in California, a region with meteorology strongly impacted by complex topography. We used a spatially dense network of Q(si) observations (n=70) to characterize the spatial characteristics of Q(si) uncertainty. Observation sites were grouped into five subregions, and Q(si) estimates were evaluated against observations in each subregion. Large monthly biases (up to 80 Wm(-2)) outside the observational uncertainty were found for all estimates in all subregions examined, typically reaching a maximum in the spring. We found that MTCLIM and SYN generally perform the best across all subregions. Differences between Q(si) estimates were largest over the Sierra Nevada, with seasonal differences exceeding 50 Wm(-2). Disagreements in Q(si) were especially pronounced when averaging over high-elevation basins, with monthly differences up to 80 Wm(-2). Biases in estimated Q(si) predominantly occurred with darker than normal conditions associated with precipitation (a proxy for cloud cover), while the presence of aerosols and water vapor was unable to explain the biases. Users of Q(si) estimates in regions of complex topography, especially those estimating Q(si) to force land surface models, need to be aware of this source of uncertainty. C1 [Lapo, Karl E.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hinkelman, Laura M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sumargo, Edwin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lundquist, Jessica D.] Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lapo, KE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lapok@uw.edu FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX13AN78H]; NASA [NNX15AB29G, NNX11AF54G] FX K.E. Lapo was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program - grant NNX13AN78H. J.D. Lundquist and M. Hughes acknowledge support from NASA grant NNX15AB29G. Initial funding for this project was provided by NASA grant NNX11AF54G as part of the Science of Terra and Aqua program. The authors wish to applaud both IPM and CIMIS for providing such a well-maintained and described weather database. A huge thank to the UW Mountain Hydrology Research Group for their extensive feedback and comments on this work. All codes used in this study can be found at github.com/klapo/CalRad. Data used in this manuscript are included in the supporting information. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1002/2016JD025527 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK4DR UT WOS:000393877800017 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Zhang, B Tremblay, D Han, Y AF Wang, Likun Zhang, Bin Tremblay, Denis Han, Yong TI Improved scheme for Cross-track Infrared Sounder geolocation assessment and optimization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE AB An improved scheme for Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) geolocation assessment for all scan angles (from -48.5 degrees to 48.5 degrees) is developed in this study. The method uses spatially collocated radiance measurements from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) image band I5 to evaluate the geolocation performance of the CrIS Sensor Data Records (SDR) by taking advantage of its high spatial resolution (375 m at nadir) and accurate geolocation. The basic idea is to perturb CrIS line-of-sight vectors along the in-track and cross-track directions to find a position where CrIS and VIIRS data matches more closely. The perturbation angles at this best matched position are then used to evaluate the CrIS geolocation accuracy. More importantly, the new method is capable of performing postlaunch on-orbit geometric calibration by optimizing mapping angle parameters based on the assessment results and thus can be further extended to the following CrIS sensors on new satellites. Finally, the proposed method is employed to evaluate the CrIS geolocation accuracy on current Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite. The error characteristics are revealed along the scan positions in the in-track and cross-track directions. It is found that there are relatively large errors (similar to 4 km) in the cross-track direction close to the end of scan positions. With newly updated mapping angles, the geolocation accuracy is greatly improved for all scan positions (less than 0.3 km). This makes CrIS and VIIRS spatially align together and thus benefits the application that needs combination of CrIS and VIIRS measurements and products. C1 [Wang, Likun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Bin] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Tremblay, Denis] Sci Data Proc Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Han, Yong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wlikun@umd.edu FU NOAA JPSS Program Office; NOAA grant at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003] FX The VIIRS I5 SDR data and CrIS SDR and RDR data for this paper can be downloaded at NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System at http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments for the study. This study is funded by the NOAA JPSS Program Office. The authors thank Mark Esplin of Utah State University from NOAA, David Johnson from NASA Langley Research Center, Joe Predina from Logistikos Engineering LLC, and the CrIS Team in Harris for providing valuable comments and discussion. Likun Wang is supported by NOAA grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 122 IS 1 BP 519 EP 536 DI 10.1002/2016JD025812 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK4DR UT WOS:000393877800029 ER PT J AU Bertin, MJ Wahome, PG Zimba, PV He, HY Moeller, PDR AF Bertin, Matthew J. Wahome, Paul G. Zimba, Paul V. He, Haiyin Moeller, Peter D. R. TI Trichophycin A, a Cytotoxic Linear Polyketide Isolated from a Trichodesmium thiebautii Bloom SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE Trichodesmium thiebautii blooms; polyketide; polyol; secondary metabolite ID CYANOBACTERIUM LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM; FORMING CYANOBACTERIUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; FATTY-ACID; PEPTIDE; ENZYMES AB In an effort to isolate and characterize bioactive secondary metabolites from Trichodesmium thiebautii blooms, collected cyanobacteria biomass was subjected to bioassay-guided extraction and fractionation using the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116, resulting in the isolation and subsequent structure characterization of a linear polyketide trichophycin A (1). The planar structure of 1 was completed using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Trichophycin A was moderately toxic against the murine neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2A (EC50: 6.5 mu M) and HCT-116 cells (EC50: 11.7 mu M). Trichophycin A was significantly more cytotoxic than the previously isolated polyketides trichotoxin A and trichotoxin B. These cytotoxicity observations suggest that toxicity may be related to the polyol character of these polyketide compounds. C1 [Bertin, Matthew J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Pharm, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Wahome, Paul G.; He, Haiyin] Biosortia Pharmaceut, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] Texas A&M Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Emerging Toxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bertin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Pharm, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM mbertin@uri.edu; pwahome@biosortia.com; paul.zimba@tamucc.edu; haiyn_he@yahoo.com; peter.moeller@noaa.gov FU NSF/NIEHS [R01 ES21968-1]; Morris J. Lichtenstein Medical Foundation; RI-INBRE; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Network for Biomedical Research Excellence from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P20GM103430] FX Supported in part by NSF/NIEHS R01 ES21968-1 and the Morris J. Lichtenstein Medical Foundation (P.G.Z.). Supported in part by RI-INBRE, which is supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Network for Biomedical Research Excellence from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant #P20GM103430 (M.J.B.). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD JAN PY 2017 VL 15 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.3390/md15010010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA EJ1OH UT WOS:000392979600010 ER PT J AU Surmach, MA Portnichenko, PY Park, JT Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Sun, DL Liu, Y Lin, CT Inosov, DS AF Surmach, M. A. Portnichenko, P. Y. Park, J. T. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Sun, D. L. Liu, Y. Lin, C. T. Inosov, D. S. TI Impurity effects on spin dynamics in magnetic and superconducting iron pnictides and chalcogenides SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE iron-based superconductors; Magnetism; superconductivity ID ELECTRON-TUNNELING OBSERVATION; GAPLESS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PARAMAGNETIC IMPURITIES; WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NONMAGNETIC IMPURITIES; PAIRING SYMMETRY; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATIONS AB In this article, we summarize the effects of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities on the spin dynamics in Fe-based superconductors and their parent compounds. The effects of chemical substitution, vacancies, and disorder on the suppression or stabilization of superconductivity and spin-density-wave phases are reviewed in the context of recent neutron-spectroscopy measurements of spin excitations. We also present new results on the structure of magnetic fluctuations in BaFe2As2 single crystals doped with Mn local moments and discuss them in relationship to the previously reported (pi, pi) branch of checkerboard magnetic excitations. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Surmach, M. A.; Portnichenko, P. Y.; Inosov, D. S.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Park, J. T.] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, D. L.; Liu, Y.; Lin, C. T.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Inosov, DS (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM dmytro.inosov@tu-dresden.de RI Inosov, Dmytro/B-6781-2008 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1458/2, IN209/1-2]; Graduiertenkolleg at the TU Dresden [GRK 1621]; US National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX The authors acknowledge financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP 1458/2 (Grant No. IN209/1-2) and the Graduiertenkolleg GRK 1621 at the TU Dresden. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 254 IS 1 AR UNSP 1600162 DI 10.1002/pssb.201600162 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EJ6HR UT WOS:000393320600013 ER PT J AU Brown, MK AF Brown, Manson K. TI Enhancing Environmental Information For Our Oceans and Our Nation SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Manson K.] NOAA, Commerce Environm Observat & Predict, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Brown, MK (reprint author), NOAA, Commerce Environm Observat & Predict, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 58 IS 1 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA EJ3ZK UT WOS:000393151600007 ER PT J AU Liu, BL Wu, FQ Gui, H Zheng, M Zhou, CW AF Liu, Bilu Wu, Fanqi Gui, Hui Zheng, Ming Zhou, Chongwu TI Chirality-Controlled Synthesis and Applications of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single-wall carbon nanotube; graphene; chirality; handedness; diameter; electronic property; controlled growth; separation ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; ENHANCED RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; CATALYST-FREE GROWTH; SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; IN-SITU; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; LARGE-SCALE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE AB Preparation of chirality-defined single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is the top challenge in the nanotube field. In recent years, great progress has been made toward preparing single-chirality SWCNTs through both direct controlled synthesis and postsynthesis separation approaches. Accordingly, the uses of single-chirality-dominated SWCNTs for various applications have emerged as a new front in nanotube research. In this Review, we review recent progress made in the chirality-controlled synthesis of SWCNTs, including metal-catalyst-free SWCNT cloning by vapor-phase epitaxy elongation of purified single-chirality nanotube seeds, chirality-specific growth of SWCNTs on bimetallic solid alloy catalysts, chirality-controlled synthesis of SWCNTs using bottom-up synthetic strategy from carbonaceous molecular end-cap precursors, etc. Recent major progresses in postsynthesis separation of single-chirality SWCNT species, as well as methods for chirality characterization of SWCNTs, are also highlighted. Moreover, we discuss some examples where single-chirality SWCNTs have shown clear advantages over SWCNTs with broad chirality distributions. We hope this review could inspire more research on the chirality-controlled preparation of SWCNTs and equally important inspire the use of single-chirality SWCNT samples for more fundamental studies and practical applications. C1 [Liu, Bilu; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wu, Fanqi; Gui, Hui; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Liu, Bilu] Tsinghua Univ, Tsmghua Berkeley Shenzhen Inst TBSI, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, CW (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.; Zhou, CW (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.; Zheng, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov; chongwuz@usc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); 1000-Talent Program of China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI); Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). B.L. acknowledges support from the 1000-Talent Program of China, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), and the Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality. NR 143 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 31 EP 53 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b06900 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EJ0GL UT WOS:000392886500006 PM 28072518 ER PT J AU Johnson, ME Hanna, SK Bustos, ARM Sims, CM Elliott, LCC Lingayat, A Johnston, AC Nikoobakht, B Elliott, JT Holbrook, RD Scoto, KCK Murphy, KE Petersen, EJ Yu, LL Nelson, BC AF Johnson, Monique E. Hanna, Shannon K. Montoro Bustos, Antonio R. Sims, Christopher M. Elliott, Lindsay C. C. Lingayat, Akshay Johnston, Adrian C. Nikoobakht, Babak Elliott, John T. Holbrook, R. David Scoto, Keana C. K. Murphy, Karen E. Petersen, Elijah J. Yu, Lee L. Nelson, Bryant C. TI Separation, Sizing, and Quantitation of Engineered Nanoparticles in an Organism Model Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Image Analysis SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE single particle ICP-MS; nanotoxicity; Caenorhabditis elegans; uptake; gold nanoparticles; sucrose density gradient separation ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION; PARTICLE ICP-MS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; COLLOID ANALYSIS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; C-ELEGANS; TOXICITY AB For environmental studies assessing uptake of orally ingested engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), a key step in ensuring accurate quantification of ingested ENPs is efficient separation of the organism from ENPs that are either nonspecifically adsorbed to the organism and/or suspended in the dispersion following exposure. Here, we measure the uptake of 30 and 60 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, using a sucrose density gradient centrifugation protocol to remove noningested AuNPs. Both conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and single particle (sp)ICP-MS are utilized to measure the total mass and size distribution, respectively, of ingested AuNPs. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) imaging confirmed that traditional nematode washing procedures were ineffective at removing excess suspended and/or adsorbed AuNPs after exposure. Water rinsing procedures had AuNP removal efficiencies ranging from 57 to 97% and 22 to 83%, while the sucrose density gradient procedure had removal efficiencies of 100 and 93 to 98%, respectively, for the 30 and 60 nm AuNP exposure conditions. Quantification of total Au uptake was performed following acidic digestion of nonexposed and Au-exposed nematodes, whereas an alkaline digestion procedure was optimized for the liberation of ingested AuNPs for spICP-MS characterization. Size distributions and particle number concentrations were determined for AuNPs ingested by nematodes with corresponding confirmation of nematode uptake via high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution resin preparation and large-area SEM imaging. Methods for the separation and in vivo quantification of ENPs in multicellular organisms will facilitate robust studies of ENP uptake, biotransformation, and hazard assessment in the environment. C1 [Johnson, Monique E.; Montoro Bustos, Antonio R.; Lingayat, Akshay; Johnston, Adrian C.; Murphy, Karen E.; Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Chem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanna, Shannon K.; Sims, Christopher M.; Elliott, John T.; Petersen, Elijah J.; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elliott, Lindsay C. C.; Nikoobakht, Babak; Holbrook, R. David; Scoto, Keana C. K.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lingayat, Akshay; Johnston, Adrian C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Johnson, ME (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM monique.johnson@nist.gov; bryant.nelson@nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program; National Institutes of Health SIG grant [1S10RR26870-1]; NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs [P40 OD010440]; NIST SURF Program; Montgomery College Internship Program FX The authors thank Ru-Ching Hsia (University of Maryland, Baltimore) for unpublished micrographs and extensive optimization of C. elegans cryo-freezing; Bryce Marquis (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences), Leona Scanlan (California EPA Department of Pesticide Regulation), Sanem Hosbas Coskun (NIST), and Piper Hunt (Food and Drug Administration) for aid in C. elegans culturing; Scott Wight (NIST) for the use of the FIB/SEM instrument; Alexander Tona (NIST), Laura Wood (NIST), Terrie Butler (NIST), Susan Tai (NIST), Pawel Jaruga (NIST), and Erdem Coskun (NIST) for the use of equipment and supplies; and Savelas Rabb (NIST), Julian Tyson (University of Massachusetts Amherst), Hind El Hadri (NIST), Anne Galyean (Colorado School of Mines), Diana Ortiz-Montalvo (NIST), and Kathryn Riley (Swarthmore College) for helpful and thoughtful suggestions. S.K.H. and C.M.S. acknowledge funding and support from the National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. This work utilized a high-pressure freezer that was purchased with funding from a National Institutes of Health SIG grant (1S10RR26870-1) awarded to University of Maryland Baltimore. C. elegans nematodes (N2 Bristol strain) and E. coli were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC, University of Minnesota) which is funded by the NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440). The authors acknowledge the NIST SURF Program and the Montgomery College Internship Program, two of NIST's student educational programs that funded the research opportunities for A.L. and A.C.J. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 526 EP 540 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b06582 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EJ0GL UT WOS:000392886500053 PM 27983787 ER PT J AU Zhu, WH Winterstein, JP Yang, WCD Yuan, L Sharma, R Zhou, GW AF Zhu, Wenhui Winterstein, Jonathan P. Yang, Wei-Chang David Yuan, Lu Sharma, Renu Zhou, Guangwen TI In Situ Atomic-Scale Probing of the Reduction Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Fe2O3 Nanostructures SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE alpha-Fe2O3; reduction; in situ TEM; phase transformation ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ALPHA-FE2O3 NANOWIRES; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; METHANOL OXIDATION; THERMAL-OXIDATION; GROWTH; GAS; NANOBELTS; ARRAYS; TRANSFORMATION AB Atomic-scale structural dynamics and phase transformation pathways were probed, in situ, during the hydrogen-induced reduction of Fe2O3 nanostructure bicrystals using an environmental transmission electron microscope. Reduction commenced with the alpha-Fe2O3 -> gamma-Fe2O3 phase transformation of one part of the bicrystal, resulting in the formation of a two-phase structure of alpha-Fe2O3 and gamma-Fe2O3. The progression of the phase transformation into the other half of the bicrystalline Fe2O3 across the bicrystalline boundary led to the formation of a single-crystal phase of gamma-Fe2O3 with concomitant oxygen-vacancy ordering on every third {422} plane, followed by transformation into Fe3O4. Further reduction resulted in the coexistence of Fe3O4, FeO, and Fe via the transformation pathway Fe3O4 -> FeO -> Fe. The series of phase transformations was accompanied by the formation of a Swiss-cheese-like structure, induced by the significant volume shrinkage occurring upon reduction. These results elucidated the atomistic mechanism of the reduction of Fe oxides and demonstrated formation of hybrid structures of Fe oxides via tuning the phase transformation pathway. C1 [Zhu, Wenhui; Yuan, Lu; Zhou, Guangwen] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Zhu, Wenhui; Yuan, Lu; Zhou, Guangwen] SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.; Yang, Wei-Chang David; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhou, GW (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.; Zhou, GW (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.; Sharma, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM renu.sharma@nist.gov; gzhou@binghamton.edu FU National Science Foundation under NSF CAREER Award [CMMI-1056611] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF CAREER Award Grant CMMI-1056611. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 656 EP 664 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b06950 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EJ0GL UT WOS:000392886500067 PM 27960055 ER PT J AU Diemer, PJ Hayes, J Welchman, E Hallani, R Pookpanratana, SJ Hacker, CA Richter, CA Anthony, JE Thonhauser, T Jurchescu, OD AF Diemer, Peter J. Hayes, Jacori Welchman, Evan Hallani, Rawad Pookpanratana, Sujitra J. Hacker, Christina A. Richter, Curt A. Anthony, John E. Thonhauser, Timo Jurchescu, Oana D. TI The Influence of Isomer Purity on Trap States and Performance of Organic Thin-Film Transistors SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ANTHRADITHIOPHENE DERIVATIVES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS; MOBILITY; PURE; CRYSTALLINE AB Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance is dictated by composition and geometry, as well as the quality of the organic semiconductor (OSC) film, which strongly depends on purity and microstructure. When present, impurities and defects give rise to trap states in the band gap of the OSC, lowering device performance. Here, 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)-anthradithiophene is used as a model system to study the mechanism responsible for performance degradation in OFETs due to isomer coexistence. The density of trapping states is evaluated through temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements, and it is discovered that OFETs containing a mixture of syn and anti-isomers exhibit a discrete trapping state detected as a peak located at approximate to 0.4 eV above the valence-band edge, which is absent in the samples fabricated on single-isomer films. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations do not point to a significant difference in electronic band structure between individual isomers. Instead, it is proposed that the dipole moment of the syn-isomer present in the host crystal of the anti-isomer locally polarizes the neighboring molecules, inducing energetic disorder. The isomers can be separated by applying gentle mechanical vibrations during film crystallization, as confirmed by the suppression of the peak and improvement in device performance. C1 [Diemer, Peter J.; Hayes, Jacori; Welchman, Evan; Thonhauser, Timo; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Hallani, Rawad; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Pookpanratana, Sujitra J.; Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thonhauser, Timo] MIT, Dept Chem, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM jurchescu@wfu.edu FU NSF [ECCS-1254757, CMMI-1255494] FX The device studies were supported by NSF Grant ECCS-1254757. Semiconductor synthesis was supported by NSF Grant CMMI-1255494. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2199-160X J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER JI Adv. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 3 IS 1 AR 1600294 DI 10.1002/aelm.201600294 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EK1FI UT WOS:000393670800005 ER PT J AU Sun, TL Scott, JI Wang, M Kline, RJ Bazan, GC O'Connor, BT AF Sun, Tianlei Scott, Joshua I. Wang, Ming Kline, Regis Joseph Bazan, Guillermo C. O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Plastic Deformation of Polymer Blends as a Means to Achieve Stretchable Organic Transistors SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SOLAR-CELLS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ELASTIC-MODULI; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONICS; ELASTOMER; NANOWIRES; COPOLYMER AB Intrinsically stretchable semiconductors will facilitate the realization of seamlessly integrated stretchable electronics. In this study, a new approach to achieve intrinsically stretchable semiconductors is introduced by blending a rigid high-performance donor-acceptor polymer semiconductor poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiopen-2-yl)-alt[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[ 3,4-c]pyridine] with a ductile polymer semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene). Under large tensile strains of up to 75%, the polymers are shown to orient in the direction of strain, and when the strain is reduced, the polymers reversibly deform. During cyclic strain, the local packing order of the polymers is shown to be remarkably stable. The saturated field effect charge mobility is shown to be consistently above 0.04 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) for up to 100 strain cycles with strain ranging from 10% to 75% when the film is printed onto a rigid test bed. At the 75% strain state, the charge mobility is consistently above 0.15 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Ultimately, the polymer blend process introduced here results in an excellent combination of device performance and stretchability providing an effective approach to achieve intrinsically stretchable semiconductors. C1 [Sun, Tianlei; Scott, Joshua I.; O'Connor, Brendan T.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kline, Regis Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Ming; Bazan, Guillermo C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP O'Connor, BT (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1554322]; NCSU RISF program; Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM); NSF [DMR-1411240] FX This research work was supported by the National Science Foundation award CMMI-1554322 and by the NCSU RISF program. Research at UCSB for the synthesis of PCDTPT was supported by the Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM) and the NSF (DMR-1411240). X-ray diffraction was carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. SEM measurements were carried out at the Analytical Instrumentation Facility at North Carolina State University. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2199-160X J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER JI Adv. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 3 IS 1 AR 1600388 DI 10.1002/aelm.201600388 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EK1FI UT WOS:000393670800014 ER PT J AU Hallar, AG Molotch, NP Hand, JL Livneh, B McCubbin, IB Petersen, R Michalsky, J Lowenthal, D Kunkel, KE AF Hallar, A. Gannet Molotch, Noah P. Hand, Jenny L. Livneh, Ben McCubbin, Ian B. Petersen, Ross Michalsky, Joseph Lowenthal, Douglas Kunkel, Kenneth E. TI Impacts of increasing aridity and wildfires on aerosol loading in the intermountain Western US SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aridity; wildfires; aerosol; aerosol optical depth; IMPROVE ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; MODELS; TRENDS; PROJECTIONS; POLLUTION; DROUGHT; SYSTEM AB Feedbacks between climate warming, land surface aridity, and wildfire-derived aerosols represent a large source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. Here, long-term observations of aerosol optical depth, surface level aerosol loading, fire-area burned, and hydrologic simulations are used to show that regional-scale increases in aridity and resulting wildfires have significantly increased summertime aerosol loading in remote high elevation regions of the Intermountain West of the United States. Surface summertime organic aerosol loading and total aerosol optical depth were both strongly correlated (p < 0.05) with aridity and fire area burned at high elevation sites across major western US mountain ranges. These results demonstrate that surface-level organic aerosol loading is dominated by summertime wildfires at many high elevation sites. This analysis provides new constraints for climate projections on the influence of drought and resulting wildfires on aerosol loading. These empirical observations will help better constrain projected increases in organic aerosol loading with increased fire activity under climate change. C1 [Hallar, A. Gannet; Petersen, Ross; Lowenthal, Douglas] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Hallar, A. Gannet; Lowenthal, Douglas] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV USA. [Hallar, A. Gannet; McCubbin, Ian B.; Petersen, Ross] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Molotch, Noah P.; McCubbin, Ian B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hand, Jenny L.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Livneh, Ben; Michalsky, Joseph] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hallar, AG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.; Hallar, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV USA.; Hallar, AG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. EM gannet.hallar@utah.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0832652]; US Environmental Protection Agency; National Park Service; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA-FS); US Geological Survey (USGS); USDA [2012-67003-19802]; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA14NES432003] FX We appreciate the capabilities of the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program for data storage and advice. The Steamboat Ski Resort provided logistical support and in-kind donations for Storm Peak Laboratory. The Desert Research Institute is a permittee of the Medicine-Bow Routt National Forests and an equal opportunity service provider and employer. The authors appreciate the effort of Douglas Moore at the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research for maintaining the Aeronet site. The research at Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research is funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant DEB 0832652) and administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service within the National Wildlife Refuge. IMPROVE is a collaborative association of state, tribal, and federal agencies, and international partners and is funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency, with contracting and research support from the National Park Service. The Air Quality Group at the University of California, Davis, is the central analytical laboratory, with ion analysis provided by the Research Triangle Institute and carbon analysis provided by the Desert Research Institute. The US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA-FS) and the US Geological Survey (USGS) supports the MTBS program. A G H was supported by a sabbatical from DRI to conduct this analysis. N M was supported by USDA grant 2012-67003-19802. KK was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA14NES432003.' NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 12 IS 1 AR 014006 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa510a PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EK1DN UT WOS:000393666100001 ER PT J AU Begelman, MC Silk, J AF Begelman, Mitchell C. Silk, Joseph TI Magnetically elevated accretion discs in active galactic nuclei: broad emission-line regions and associated star formation SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; Galaxy: nucleus; galaxies: active; quasars: general ID BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; LOCAL SIMULATIONS; STELLAR OBJECTS; CENTRAL PARSEC; DISKS; GALAXIES; TURBULENCE; FIELDS AB We propose that the accretion discs fueling active galactic nuclei (AGN) are supported vertically against gravity by a strong toroidal (phi-direction) magnetic field that develops naturally as the result of an accretion disc dynamo. The magnetic pressure elevates most of the gas carrying the accretion flow at R to large heights z greater than or similar to 0.1R and low densities, while leaving a thin dense layer containing most of the mass - but contributing very little accretion - around the equator. We show that such a disc model leads naturally to the formation of a broad emission-line region through thermal instability. Extrapolating to larger radii, we demonstrate that local gravitational instability and associated star formation are strongly suppressed compared to standard disc models for AGN, although star formation in the equatorial zone is predicted for sufficiently high mass supply rates. This new class of accretion disc models thus appears capable of resolving two longstanding puzzles in the theory of AGN fueling: the formation of broad emission-line regions and the suppression of fragmentation thought to inhibit accretion at the required rates. We show that the disc of stars that formed in the Galactic Center a few million years ago could have resulted from an episode of magnetically elevated accretion at greater than or similar to 0.1 of the Eddington limit. C1 [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Silk, Joseph] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Silk, Joseph] CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Silk, Joseph] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CEA,DSM,IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Silk, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Silk, Joseph] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Beecroft Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Begelman, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Begelman, MC (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Begelman, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX14AB37G, NNX14AB42G]; NSF [AST-1411879]; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris; Institut Lagrange de Paris; ERC [267117]; JHU by NSF [OIA-1124403] FX MCB acknowledges support from NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grants NNX14AB37G and NNX14AB42G and NSF grant AST-1411879, and thanks the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris and the Institut Lagrange de Paris for their hospitality and support. JS was supported in part by ERC Project No. 267117 (DARK) hosted by Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 6. JS also acknowledges the support of the JHU by NSF grant OIA-1124403. We thank Phil Armitage for helpful discussions. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 464 IS 2 BP 2311 EP 2317 DI 10.1093/mnras/stw2533 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EK0WF UT WOS:000393647100075 ER PT J AU Schroeder, PJ Wright, RJ Coburn, S Sodergren, B Cossel, KC Droste, S Truong, GW Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Newbury, NR Rieker, GB AF Schroeder, P. J. Wright, R. J. Coburn, S. Sodergren, B. Cossel, K. C. Droste, S. Truong, G. W. Baumann, E. Giorgetta, F. R. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. Rieker, G. B. TI Dual frequency comb laser absorption spectroscopy in a 16 MW gas turbine exhaust SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Frequency comb; Combustion; Absorption spectroscopy; Sensor; Gas turbine ID NOBEL LECTURE; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROMETER; ACCURATE; CM(-1); WATER AB We demonstrate the first frequency comb laser absorption spectroscopy in an industrial environment. Recent advancements in robust frequency comb design enabled installation of the sensor in an operating power plant, where we simultaneously measured temperature, H2O and CO2 concentration in the exhaust of a 16 MW stationary gas turbine. The frequency comb laser spectrometer probed 16,000 individual wavelengths of light spaced by 0.007 cm(-1) (0.0014 nm) near 1440 nm, spanning 279 absorption features of H2O and 43 features of CO2. Fits to the measured absorption spectra yield simultaneous temperature, H2O and CO2 concentrations with between 10 and 60 second time resolution. Measurements over a 5 hour period tracked variations in the exhaust consistent with various changes to the gas turbine operation. Much larger wavelength ranges (200 + nm) and different time resolutions are possible depending on the desired precision by changing various settings on the same spectrometer. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential for frequency comb laser absorption spectroscopy in industrial combustion environments. (C) 2016 by The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schroeder, P. J.; Wright, R. J.; Coburn, S.; Sodergren, B.; Rieker, G. B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Precis Laser Diagnost Lab, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cossel, K. C.; Droste, S.; Truong, G. W.; Baumann, E.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rieker, GB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Precis Laser Diagnost Lab, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM greg.rieker@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET 1454496]; Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR0000539] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number CBET 1454496 and by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000539. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. The authors would like to thank Torrey Hayden, Amanda Makowiecki, David Pfotenhauer, and Jinyu Yang for their help during the measurement campaign. We also thank Ken Morse, Victor Ferreira, Jeffery Fisher, Steve Burke, and the control room staff at the CU power plant for help and access to their equipment. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2017 VL 36 IS 3 BP 4565 EP 4573 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.032 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EJ7OT UT WOS:000393412600139 ER PT J AU Loomis, SE Russell, JM Verschuren, D Morrill, C De Cort, G Damste, JSS Olago, D Eggermont, H Street-Perrott, FA Kelly, MA AF Loomis, Shannon E. Russell, James M. Verschuren, Dirk Morrill, Carrie De Cort, Gijs Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe Olago, Daniel Eggermont, Hilde Street-Perrott, F. Alayne Kelly, Meredith A. TI The tropical lapse rate steepened during the Last Glacial Maximum SO SCIENCE ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL EAST-AFRICA; CLIMATE MODEL; ICE-SHEET; LAKE; CALIBRATION; PROXY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; GEOCHEMISTRY; DEGLACIATION AB The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century as surface temperature rises, enhancing the threat of warming in high-mountain environments. However, the sensitivity of the lapse rate to climate change is uncertain because of poor constraints on high-elevation temperature during past climate states. We present a 25,000-year temperature reconstruction from Mount Kenya, East Africa, which demonstrates that cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum was amplified with elevation and hence that the lapse rate was significantly steeper than today. Comparison of our data with paleoclimate simulations indicates that state-of-the-art models underestimate this lapse-rate change. Consequently, future high-elevation tropical warming may be even greater than predicted. C1 [Loomis, Shannon E.; Russell, James M.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, 324 Brook St,Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Russell, James M.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Verschuren, Dirk; De Cort, Gijs; Eggermont, Hilde] Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Limnol Unit, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [De Cort, Gijs] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Microbiol & Biogeochem, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. [Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, POB 80-021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Olago, Daniel] Univ Nairobi, Dept Geol, POB 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. [Olago, Daniel] Univ Nairobi, Inst Climate Change & Adaptat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Eggermont, Hilde] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Belgian Biodivers Platform, Vautierstr 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Street-Perrott, F. Alayne] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA32 7QD, W Glam, Wales. [Kelly, Meredith A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03750 USA. RP Russell, JM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, 324 Brook St,Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA.; Russell, JM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM james_russell@brown.edu OI Sinninghe Damste, Jaap/0000-0002-8683-1854; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU NSF [EAR-1226566]; Geological Society of America; U.K. Natural Environment Research Council [GR3/9523]; Fund of Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen); Netherlands Earth System Science Center from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture, and Science [024.002.001] FX This work was conducted with funds from the NSF under grant number EAR-1226566 to J.M.R. and by a Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant awarded to S.E.L. The Rutundu core Rut06 was collected by the late R. A. Perrott, with permission from the Office of the President, Nairobi (OP/13/001/25C). Fieldwork was supported by U.K. Natural Environment Research Council grant GR3/9523 and 14C Dating Allocation 708/0997. Collection of Rutundu core Rut09 was sponsored by the Fund of Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) and conducted with permits from the National Council for Science and Technology of Kenya (NCST/5/002/R/439/4), Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS/CL&P/029), and National Environmental Monitoring Authority (NEMA Access Permit AGR/7/2010). It was exported under material transfer agreement A11/TT/1040 between the Kenya Wildlife Service, the University of Nairobi, and Ghent University. J.S.S.D. is supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Center through a gravitation grant from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture, and Science (024.002.001). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2375-2548 J9 SCI ADV JI Sci. Adv. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 3 IS 1 AR e1600815 DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600815 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EK2XI UT WOS:000393789900006 PM 28138544 ER PT J AU Castellanos, MM McAuley, A Curtis, JE AF Castellanos, Maria Monica McAuley, Arnold Curtis, Joseph E. TI Investigating Structure and Dynamics of Proteins in Amorphous Phases Using Neutron Scattering SO COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Neutron scattering; Protein structure; Protein dynamics; Freeze-dried proteins; Glasses; Frozen protein solutions; Molecular dynamics ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; HYDRATION WATER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES; CONTRAST VARIATION; CARBOXY-MYOGLOBIN AB In order to increase shelf life and minimize aggregation during storage, many biotherapeutic drugs are formulated and stored as either frozen solutions or lyophilized powders. However, characterizing amorphous solids can be challenging with the commonly available set of biophysical measurements used for proteins in liquid solutions. Therefore, some questions remain regarding the structure of the active pharmaceutical ingredient during freezing and drying of the drug product and the molecular role of excipients. Neutron scattering is a powerful technique to study structure and dynamics of a variety of systems in both solid and liquid phases. Moreover, neutron scattering experiments can generally be correlated with theory and molecular simulations to analyze experimental data. In this article, we focus on the use of neutron techniques to address problems of biotechnological interest. We describe the use of small-angle neutron scattering to study the solution structure of biological molecules and the packing arrangement in amorphous phases, that is, frozen glasses and freeze-dried protein powders. In addition, we discuss the use of neutron spectroscopy to measure the dynamics of glassy systems at different time and length scales. Overall, we expect that the present article will guide and prompt the use of neutron scattering to provide unique insights on many of the outstanding questions in biotechnology. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Castellanos, Maria Monica; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castellanos, Maria Monica] Institute Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [McAuley, Arnold] Amgen Inc, Dept Drug Prod Dev, One Amgen Ctr Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU NIST biomanufacturing initiative; NSF [CHE-1265821] FX MMC acknowledges financial support from the NIST biomanufacturing initiative. This work benefitted from CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. NR 124 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2001-0370 J9 COMPUT STRUCT BIOTEC JI Comp. Struct. Biotechnol. J.. PY 2017 VL 15 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.12.004 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EI6TZ UT WOS:000392631200014 PM 28138368 ER PT J AU van der Hoop, J Corkeron, P Moore, M AF van der Hoop, Julie Corkeron, Peter Moore, Michael TI Entanglement is a costly life-history stage in large whales SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; blubber; capital breeder; cetacean; emergency life-history stage; energy storage; Eubalaena glacialis; marine mammal ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; STELLER SEA LIONS; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; METABOLIC-RATE; FISHING GEAR; FIN WHALES AB Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an unnatural but relatively common circumstance that imposes energetic demands of a similar order of magnitude and duration of life-history events such as migration and pregnancy in large whales. We present two complementary bioenergetic approaches to estimate the energy associated with entanglement in North Atlantic right whales, and compare these estimates to the natural energetic life history of individual whales. Differences in measured blubber thicknesses and estimated blubber volumes between normal and entangled, emaciated whales indicate between 7.4 x 10(10) J and 1.2 x 10(11) J of energy are consumed during the course to death of a lethal entanglement. Increased thrust power requirements to overcome drag forces suggest that when entangled, whales require 3.95 x 10(9) to 4.08 x 10(10) J more energy to swim. Individuals who died from their entanglements performed significantly more work (energy expenditure x time) than those that survived; entanglement duration is therefore critical in determining whales' survival. Significant sublethal energetic impacts also occur, especially in reproductive females. Drag from fishing gear contributes up to 8% of the 4-year female reproductive energy budget, delaying time of energetic equilibrium (to restore energy lost by a particular entanglement) for reproduction by months to years. In certain populations, chronic entanglement in fishing gear can be viewed as a costly unnatural life-history stage, rather than a rare or short-term incident. C1 [van der Hoop, Julie] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [van der Hoop, Julie; Moore, Michael] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Corkeron, Peter] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM jvanderhoop@whoi.edu OI van der Hoop, Julie/0000-0003-2327-9000 FU Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) [NA14OAR4320158]; Herrington-Fitch Family Foundation; M.S. Worthington Foundation; North Pond Foundation; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region [NA14OAR4320158]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MIT Martin Family for Sustainability Fellowship FX Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR), Grant/Award Number: NA14OAR4320158; Herrington-Fitch Family Foundation; M.S. Worthington Foundation; North Pond Foundation; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region, Grant/Award Number: NA14OAR4320158; Postgraduate Scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MIT Martin Family for Sustainability Fellowship NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1002/ece3.2615 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EH9CO UT WOS:000392069500009 PM 28070278 ER PT J AU Nelson, DV Klinck, H Carbaugh-Rutland, A Mathis, CL Morzillo, AT Garcia, TS AF Nelson, Danielle V. Klinck, Holger Carbaugh-Rutland, Alexander Mathis, Codey L. Morzillo, Anita T. Garcia, Tiffany S. TI Calling at the highway: The spatiotemporal constraint of road noise on Pacific chorus frog communication SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE acoustic; amphibian; anthropogenic; communication; road noise; spatiotemporal ID TRAFFIC NOISE; ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE; AMPLITUDE; DISCRIMINATION; HABITAT; MASKING; ANURAN; SIGNAL; COSTS AB Loss of acoustic habitat due to anthropogenic noise is a key environmental stressor for vocal amphibian species, a taxonomic group that is experiencing global population declines. The Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla) is the most common vocal species of the Pacific Northwest and can occupy human-dominated habitat types, including agricultural and urban wetlands. This species is exposed to anthropogenic noise, which can interfere with vocalizations during the breeding season. We hypothesized that Pacific chorus frogs would alter the spatial and temporal structure of their breeding vocalizations in response to road noise, a widespread anthropogenic stressor. We compared Pacific chorus frog call structure and ambient road noise levels along a gradient of road noise exposures in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We used both passive acoustic monitoring and directional recordings to determine source level (i.e., amplitude or volume), dominant frequency (i.e., pitch), call duration, and call rate of individual frogs and to quantify ambient road noise levels. Pacific chorus frogs were unable to change their vocalizations to compensate for road noise. A model of the active space and time ("spatiotemporal communication") over which a Pacific chorus frog vocalization could be heard revealed that in high-noise habitats, spatiotemporal communication was drastically reduced for an individual. This may have implications for the reproductive success of this species, which relies on specific call repertoires to portray relative fitness and attract mates. Using the acoustic call parameters defined by this study (frequency, source level, call rate, and call duration), we developed a simplified model of acoustic communication space-time for this species. This model can be used in combination with models that determine the insertion loss for various acoustic barriers to define the impact of anthropogenic noise on the radius of communication in threatened species. Additionally, this model can be applied to other vocal taxonomic groups provided the necessary acoustic parameters are determined, including the frequency parameters and perception thresholds. Reduction in acoustic habitat by anthropogenic noise may emerge as a compounding environmental stressor for an already sensitive taxonomic group. C1 [Nelson, Danielle V.; Mathis, Codey L.; Garcia, Tiffany S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Klinck, Holger] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY USA. [Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources, Newport, OR USA. [Klinck, Holger] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. [Carbaugh-Rutland, Alexander] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrated Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Morzillo, Anita T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Storrs, CT USA. EM danielle.nelson@oregonstate.edu FU Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund FX We would like to acknowledge the help of B. McComb in the development of this project. Land access was provided by M. Monroe and the Willamette Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex, K. Martin and E. E. Wilson Wildlife Refuge, Benton County Parks and Recreation, Albany Public Works, and landowners T. Malpass, B. Glaser, and J. Farver. Equipment was loaned by M. Betts and S. J. K. Frey, for which we are grateful. We would like to thank our field team, I. Lively, K. Tibbals, E. Bierman, and A. Miles, without whom the work could not have been completed. We also thank E. Bredeweg, N. Diogou, M. Fournet, S. Fregosi, S. Haver, L. Thurman, and J. Urbina for their help with design, analysis, and writing. Publication of this paper was supported, in part, by the Thomas G. Scott Publication Fund. Lastly, we would like to thank K. White and C. Z. Nelson-White for their support. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1002/ece3.2622 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EH9CO UT WOS:000392069500036 PM 28070305 ER PT J AU Leitwein, M Garza, JC Pearse, DE AF Leitwein, Maeva Garza, John Carlos Pearse, Devon E. TI Ancestry and adaptive evolution of anadromous, resident, and adfluvial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the San Francisco bay area: application of adaptive genomic variation to conservation in a highly impacted landscape SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adaptive genomic variation; conservation; evolution; life history; steelhead ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; STEELHEAD/RAINBOW TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; RAPID EVOLUTION; LIFE-HISTORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; WILD; MICROSATELLITE; PLASTICITY AB The streams draining of into San Francisco Bay, California, have been impacted by habitat alteration for over 150years, and roads, dams, water diversions, and other impediments now block the paths of many aquatic migratory species. These changes can affect the genetic structure of fish populations, as well as driving adaptive evolution to novel environmental conditions. Here, we determine the evolutionary relationships of San Francisco Bay Area steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations and show that (i) they are more closely related to native coastal steelhead than to the California Central Valley lineage, with no evidence of introgression by domesticated hatchery rainbow trout, (ii) populations above and below barriers within watersheds are each other's closest relatives, and (iii) adaptive genomic variation associated with migratory life-history traits in O. mykiss shows substantial evolutionary differences between fish above and below dams. These findings support continued habitat restoration and protection of San Francisco Bay Area O. mykiss populations and demonstrate that ecological conditions in novel habitats above barriers to anadromy influence life-history evolution. We highlight the importance of considering the adaptive landscape in conservation and restoration programs for species living in highly modified habitats, particularly with respect to key life-history traits. C1 [Leitwein, Maeva] Univ Brest, IUEM, Technopole Brest Iroise,Rue Dumont dUrville, Plouzane, France. [Leitwein, Maeva; Garza, John Carlos; Pearse, Devon E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Garza, John Carlos; Pearse, Devon E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Leitwein, Maeva] Univ Montpellier, ISEM, UMR 5554, Montpellier 5, France. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov FU SCVWD; SFPUC; LabexMer; Brest Metropole Oceane FX We thank V. Apkenas and C. Columbus for assistance with laboratory analyses, S. John for Fig. 1, and A. Clemento and D. Rundio for comments on the draft manuscript. We further thank D. Salsbery, M. Moore, and L. Porcella of the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD), B. Sak, S. Chenue, and E. Natesan of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC), J. Koehler of the Napa County Resource Conservation District and G. Becker of the Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration for sample collection. This study was partially funded by the SCVWD and the SFPUC, and M. L. was partially supported by the LabexMer and Brest Metropole Oceane. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1111/eva.12416 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA EI9PB UT WOS:000392839500005 PM 28035235 ER PT J AU Lee, HH Thomas, LR Piner, KR Maunder, MN AF Lee, H. H. Thomas, L. R. Piner, K. R. Maunder, M. N. TI Effects of age-based movement on the estimation of growth assuming random-at-age or random-at-length data SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-based growth; gear selection; length-based growth; simulation; von Bertalanffy ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; MORTALITY; SELECTIVITY; PARAMETERS; BIAS AB Simulation methods were used to generate paired data from a simulated population that included the age-based process of movement and the length-based process of gear selection. The age-based process caused bias in the estimates of growth parameters assuming random at length, even when relatively few age classes were affected. Methods that assumed random at age were biased by the subsequent inclusion of the length-based process of gear selection. Additional knowledge of the age structure of the sampled area is needed to ensure an unbiased estimate of the growth parameters when using the length-conditional approach in the presence of age-based movement. Estimates of the variability in the length-at-age relationship were better estimated with the length-conditional than the traditional method even when the assumptions of random at length were violated. Inclusion of paired observations of length and associated age inside the population dynamics model may be the most appropriate way of estimating growth. C1 [Lee, H. H.; Piner, K. R.] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Thomas, L. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Maunder, M. N.] Tuna Commiss, Interamer Trop, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Maunder, M. N.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Adv Populat Assessment Methodol, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM lthomas@bren.ucsb.edu OI LEE, HYUN WOO/0000-0002-6879-9686 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 90 IS 1 BP 222 EP 235 DI 10.1111/jfb.13177 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI3XY UT WOS:000392427500013 PM 27774591 ER PT J AU Alonso-Arroyo, A Querol, J Lopez-Martinez, C Zavorotny, VU Park, H Pascual, D Onrubia, R Camps, A AF Alonso-Arroyo, Alberto Querol, Jorge Lopez-Martinez, Carlos Zavorotny, Valery U. Park, Hyuk Pascual, Daniel Onrubia, Raul Camps, Adriano TI SNR and Standard Deviation of cGNSS-R and iGNSS-R Scatterometric Measurements SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE SNR; cGNSS-R; iGNSS-R; GNSS-R; GNSS-Scatterometry ID GNSS-R; WAVE-FORMS; GPS SIGNALS; OCEAN ALTIMETRY; STATISTICS; SIMULATION; SCATTERING; RADAR AB This work addresses the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) scatterometric measurements considering the presence of both coherent and incoherent scattered components, for both conventional GNSS-R (cGNSS-R) and interferometric GNSS-R (iGNSS-R) techniques. The coherent component is present for some type of surfaces, and it has been neglected until now because it vanishes for the sea surface scattering case. Taking into account the presence of both scattering components, the estimated Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for both techniques is computed based on the detectability criterion, as it is done in conventional GNSS applications. The non-coherent averaging operation is considered from a general point of view, taking into account that thermal noise contributions can be reduced by an extra factor of 0.88 dB when using partially overlapped or partially correlated samples. After the SNRs are derived, the received waveform's peak variability is computed, which determines the system's capability to measure geophysical parameters. This theoretical derivations are applied to the United Kingdom (UK) TechDemoSat-1 (UK TDS-1) and to the future GNSS REflectometry, Radio Occultation and Scatterometry on board the International Space Station (ISS) (GEROS-ISS) scenarios, in order to estimate the expected scatterometric performance of both missions. C1 [Alonso-Arroyo, Alberto; Querol, Jorge; Lopez-Martinez, Carlos; Park, Hyuk; Pascual, Daniel; Onrubia, Raul; Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Alonso-Arroyo, Alberto; Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA, ERSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Alonso-Arroyo, A; Camps, A (reprint author), Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, Barcelona 08034, Spain.; Alonso-Arroyo, A (reprint author), NOAA, ERSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alberto.alonso@noaa.gov; jorge.querol@tsc.upc.edu; carlos.lopez@tsc.upc.edu; valery.zavorotny@noaa.gov; park.hyuk@tsc.upc.edu; daniel.pascual@tsc.upc.edu; onrubia@tsc.upc.edu; camps@tsc.upc.edu RI Onrubia, Raul/L-4628-2014; OI Onrubia, Raul/0000-0001-6636-1587; Querol, Jorge/0000-0002-8500-5534; Alonso Arroyo, Alberto/0000-0003-3786-1261 FU Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [ESP2015-70014-C2-1-R]; Fulbright Commission in Spain through Fulbright grant FX These activities hace been funded with project ESP2015-70014-C2-1-R from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), and Alberto Alonso-Arroyo received financial support from the Fulbright Commission in Spain through a Fulbright grant. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 AR 183 DI 10.3390/s17010183 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA EJ2DV UT WOS:000393021000182 ER PT J AU Marro, JB Darroudi, T Okoro, CA Obeng, YS Richardson, KC AF Marro, James B. Darroudi, Taghi Okoro, Chukwudi A. Obeng, Yaw S. Richardson, Kathleen C. TI The influence of pulse plating frequency and duty cycle on the microstructure and stress state of electroplated copper films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Copper; Microstructure; Electrodeposition; Twins; Stress ID GRAIN-GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; NANOTWINNED COPPER; ELECTRODEPOSITED COPPER; TEXTURE; CU; INTERCONNECTS; EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; RELIABILITY AB In this work, the impact of pulse electroplating parameters on the cross-sectional and surface microstructures of blanket copper films were studied using electron backscattering diffraction and x-ray diffraction. The films evaluated were highly (111) textured in the direction perpendicular to the film surface. The degree of preferential orientation was found to decrease with longer pulse on-times, due to strain energy density driven growth of other grain orientations. Residual biaxial stresses were also measured in the films and higher pulse frequencies during deposition led to smaller biaxial stresses in the films. Film stress was also found to correlate with the amount of twinning in the copper film cross-sections. This has been attributed to the twins' thermal stability and mechanical properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marro, James B.; Richardson, Kathleen C.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Glass Proc & Characterizat Lab, 4304 Scorpius St, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Marro, James B.; Richardson, Kathleen C.] Clemson Univ, COMSET, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 161 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Darroudi, Taghi] Clemson Univ, AMRL, Electron Microscopy Lab, 91 Technol Dr, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Okoro, Chukwudi A.; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmarro@g.clemson.edu; tdarrou@clemson.edu; chukwudi.okoro@nist.org; yaw.obeng@nist.org; kcr@creol.ucf.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB12H016N]; Materials Characterization Facility (MCF) FX The authors would like to thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for financial support of this project under grant no. 60NANB12H016N. The access and support of the Materials Characterization Facility (MCF) and their staff at the University of Central Florida is also greatly appreciated. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 621 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2016.11.047 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA EI7MK UT WOS:000392681900016 PM 28239200 ER PT J AU Varley, JB Kweon, K Mehta, P Shea, P Heo, TW Udovic, TJ Stavila, V Wood, BC AF Varley, Joel B. Kweon, Kyoung Mehta, Prateek Shea, Patrick Heo, Tae Wook Udovic, Terrence J. Stavila, Vitalie Wood, Brandon C. TI Understanding Ionic Conductivity Trends in Polyborane Solid Electrolytes from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics SO ACS ENERGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM SUPERIONIC CONDUCTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; LI2B12H12; LITHIUM; NA2B10H10; NA2B12H12; CATION; BOND AB Polyborane salts based on B12H122-, B10H102-, CB11H12-, and CB9H10- demonstrate high Li and Na superionic conductivity that makes them attractive as electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. Their chemical and structural diversity creates a versatile design space that could be used to optimize materials with higher conductivity at lower temperatures; however, many mechanistic details remain enigmatic, including reasons why certain known modifications lead to improved performance. We use extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to explore the dependence of ionic conductivity on cation/anion pair combinations for Li and Na polyborane salts. Further simulations are used to probe the influence of local modifications to chemistry, stoichiometry, and composition. Carbon doping, anion alloying, and cation off-stoichiometry are found to favorably introduce intrinsic disorder, facilitating local deviation from the expected cation population. Lattice expansion likewise has a positive effect by aiding anion reorientations that are critical for conduction. Implications for engineering polyboranes for improved ionic conductivity are discussed. C1 [Varley, Joel B.; Kweon, Kyoung; Shea, Patrick; Heo, Tae Wook; Wood, Brandon C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mehta, Prateek] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wood, BC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brandonwood@llnl.gov OI Wood, Brandon/0000-0002-1450-9719; Mehta, Prateek/0000-0001-6233-8072 FU U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Grant [15-ERD-022] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded by Laboratory Directed Research and Development Grant 15-ERD-022. Computing support came from the LLNL Institutional Computing Grand Challenge program. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2380-8195 J9 ACS ENERGY LETT JI ACS Energy Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 2 IS 1 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00620 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EI1TI UT WOS:000392260400035 ER PT S AU Mates, S Abu-Farha, F AF Mates, Steven Abu-Farha, Fadi BE Yoshida, S Lamberti, L Sciammarella, C TI Opportunities for Inverse Analysis in Dynamic Tensile Testing SO ADVANCEMENT OF OPTICAL METHODS IN EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOL 3 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 06-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Expt Mech DE High strain rate; Advanced high strength steels; Digital image correlation; Finite element analysis; Virtual fields method ID STRAIN AB Dynamic tensile testing using Kolsky Bar methods are used to assess crashworthiness of new structural materials needed for lightweight automotive design. High speed Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements routinely show that the strain experienced by dynamic tensile specimens deviates markedly from what is expected from the original strain wave analysis techniques used in tensile Kolsky bar metrology. Deviations can be manifest either by different average strain values over the gage section, or by departures from strain uniformity, or both. The former can be attributed to plastic yielding in the specimen outside the gauge section, while the latter concerns specimen geometry and material hardening effects. These issues are sometimes difficult to eliminate through simple modifications of the sample or the test design. Finally, it is of interest to make use of the data beyond necking, where the strain state departs significantly from ideal conditions. These metrology issues lend themselves to solution by inverse methods, where full field strain measurements and global load measurement data are available. In this paper we describe typical measurement data and explore methods to identify the constitutive response from dynamic tensile tests. C1 [Mates, Steven] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abu-Farha, Fadi] Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Greenville, SC 29607 USA. RP Mates, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smates@nist.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0005976]; United States Automotive Materials Partnership LLC (USAMP); United States Government FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Cooperative Agreement Number DE-EE0005976, with United States Automotive Materials Partnership LLC (USAMP). This support is greatly appreciated. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-41600-7; 978-3-319-41599-4 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2017 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-41600-7_27 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG8EO UT WOS:000392264400027 ER PT J AU Wade, AA Hand, BK Kovach, RP Muhlfeld, CC Waples, RS Luikart, G AF Wade, Alisa A. Hand, Brian K. Kovach, Ryan P. Muhlfeld, Clint C. Waples, Robin S. Luikart, Gordon TI Assessments of species' vulnerability to climate change: from pseudo to science SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE Conservation; Prioritization; Rigor; Uncertainty ID CONSERVATION; EVOLUTIONARY; INDICATORS; SCENARIOS; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB Climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) are important tools to plan for and mitigate potential impacts of climate change. However, CCVAs often lack scientific rigor, which can ultimately lead to poor conservation prioritization and associated ecological and economic costs. We discuss the need to improve comparability and consistency of CCVAs and either validate their findings or improve assessment of CCVA uncertainty and sensitivity to methodological assumptions. C1 [Wade, Alisa A.; Hand, Brian K.; Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Kovach, Ryan P.; Muhlfeld, Clint C.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, West Glacier, MT 59936 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Wade, AA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. EM alisa.wade@umontana.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration ROSES Grant [12-ECOF12-0055]; US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship; National Science Foundation [DEB 1258203]; Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center FX Helpful comments on earlier drafts were provided by T. Beechie, G. Chong, and P. Cross. This work was funded by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration ROSES Grant 12-ECOF12-0055. A US Geological Survey Mendenhall Fellowship partially supported RPK. GL and RPK were also partially supported by National Science Foundation-DEB 1258203. BKH received support from the Department of the Interior Northwest Climate Science Center. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s10531-016-1232-5 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EI0TC UT WOS:000392186600013 ER PT S AU Jenket, DR Forster, AM Paulter, NG Weerasooriya, T Gunnarsson, CA Al-Sheikhly, M AF Jenket, Donald R., II Forster, Amanda M. Paulter, Nick G., Jr. Weerasooriya, Tusit Gunnarsson, Carey A. Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad BE Antoun, B Arzoumanidis, A Qi, HJ Silberstein, M Amirkhizi, A Furmanski, J Lu, H TI An Investigation of the Temperature and Strain-Rate Effects on Strain-to-Failure of UHMWPE Fibers SO CHALLENGES IN MECHANICS OF TIME DEPENDENT MATERIALS, VOL 2 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 06-09, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Expt Mech DE UHMWPE single fiber; Strain-to-failure; Split-Hopkinson Tension Bar (SHTB); Kolsky bar; Single fiber heater ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB During a ballistic impact, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers are subjected to high temperatures and high strain-rates. Their tensile strength increases with increasing strain-rate and decreases with increasing temperature. To understand the impact of both factors simultaneously, a single fiber heater has been fabricated to heat UHMWPE fibers up to the melting temperature (similar to 148 degrees C) to measure the change in mechanical properties as a function of temperature and strain-rate. Custom grips have been fabricated for use with the single fiber heater and performed well across all strain rates and temperatures in this study. 251 tensile tests have been conducted on 10-mm gage length UHMWPE single fibers at temperature-strain-rate combinations spanning five strain-rates between 10(-3) and 550 s(-1) and 11 temperatures from 20 to 148 degrees C. A non-failure boundary is created by temperature-strain-rate combinations where fibers can be strained to 25 % without mechanically failing. This occurs at 75 degrees C for 10(-3) s(-1), 100 degrees C for 10(-2) s(-1), 130 degrees C for 10(-1) s(-1), 148 degrees C for 10(0) s(-1), and fail regardless of temperature at 55(0) s(-1). It is estimated that for similar mechanical response, an increase in temperature of 25-30 degrees C is equivalent to lowering the strain-rate by one decade for strain-rates between 10(-3) and 10(-1) s(-1). At 550 s(-1) strain-rate, there was minor change in the strain-to-failure from 20 to 145 degrees C indicating strain-rate is the dominant factor. C1 [Jenket, Donald R., II; Forster, Amanda M.; Paulter, Nick G., Jr.] NIST, M-S 8102 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weerasooriya, Tusit; Gunnarsson, Carey A.] Army Res Lab, WRMD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 4418 Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jenket, DR (reprint author), NIST, M-S 8102 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.jenket@nist.gov OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-41543-7; 978-3-319-41542-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2017 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-41543-7_4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BG8ES UT WOS:000392264800004 ER PT J AU Mueter, FJ Weems, J Farley, EV Sigler, MF AF Mueter, Franz J. Weems, Jared Farley, Edward V. Sigler, Michael F. TI Arctic Ecosystem Integrated Survey (Arctic Eis): Marine ecosystem dynamics in the rapidly changing Pacific Arctic Gateway SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Arctic; Northern Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Fish; Zooplankton ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; CHUKCHI SEA; POLAR COD; BEAUFORT SEA; ENVIRONMENT ICESCAPE; FISH COMMUNITIES; JUVENILE PINK; ICE COVER; SALMON C1 [Mueter, Franz J.; Weems, Jared] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Mueter, FJ; Weems, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM arctic.eis@alaska.edu FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior [10-CLAP-010, F12AF00188]; U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC [M12AC00009, M12PG00018, M10PG00050] FX We thank the captains and crews of the FV Bristol Explorer and FV Alaska Knight, and all the Arctic Eis investigators. Arctic Eis was funded in part with qualified outer continental shelf oil and gas revenues by the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior (Contract Agreement Numbers 10-CLAP-010 and F12AF00188), and by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC under Agreement numbers M12AC00009, M12PG00018, and M10PG00050. Arctic Eis is an Ecosystem Studies of the Subarctic and Arctic Seas (ESSAS) endorsed project. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.11.005 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500001 ER PT J AU Danielson, SL Eisner, L Ladd, C Mordy, C Sousa, L Weingartner, TJ AF Danielson, Seth L. Eisner, Lisa Ladd, Carol Mordy, Calvin Sousa, Leandra Weingartner, Thomas J. TI A comparison between late summer 2012 and 2013 water masses, macronutrients, and phytoplankton standing crops in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Nutrients; Phytoplankton; Water mass; Wind; Alaskan coastal current; Ice melt ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTHWARD FLOW; BEAUFORT SEA; WIND-DRIVEN; ICE RETREAT; CIRCULATION; STRAIT; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC AB Survey data from the northern Bering and Chukchi sea continental shelves in August-September 2012 and 2013 reveal inter-annual differences in the spatial structure of water masses along with statistically significant differences in thermohaline properties, chemical properties, and phytoplankton communities. We provide a set of water mass definitions applicable to the northern Bering and Chukchi continental shelves, and we find that the near-bottom Bering-Chukchi Summer Water (BCSW) was more saline in 2012 and Alaskan Coastal Water (ACW) was warmer in 2013. Both of these water masses carried higher nutrient concentrations in 2012, supporting a larger chlorophyll a biomass that was comprised primarily of small (< 10 mu m) size class phytoplankton, so the classical relation between higher nutrient loads and larger phytoplankton does not hold for this region in late summer. The distributions of phytoplanlcton biomass and size structure reveal linkages between the wind fields, seafloor topography, water mass distributions and the pelagic production. The water mass structure, including the strength and location of stratification and fronts, respectively, differed primarily because of the August regional wind field, which was more energetic in 2012 but was more persistent in direction in 2013. High concentrations of ice in winter and early spring in 2012 and 2013 resembled conditions of the 1980s and early 1990s but the regional ice retreat rate has accelerated in the late 1990s and 2000s so the summer and fall ice concentrations more closely resembled those of the last two decades. Our data show that wind forcing can shut down the Alaskan Coastal Current in the NE Chukchi Sea for periods of weeks to months during the ice-covered winter and during the summer when buoyancy forcing is at its annual maximum. We hypothesize that a decrease in salinity and nutrients from 2012 to 2013 was a consequence of a decreased net Bering Strait transport from 2011 to 2012. Biological ramifications of an accelerated ice melt-back, restructuring of shelf flow pathways, and inter-annually varying Bering Strait nutrient fluxes are mostly unknown but all of these variations are potentially important to the Arctic ecosystem. Our results have implications for the total magnitude and seasonal evolution of primary productivity, secondary production, and the fate of fresh water, heat, and pelagic production on the Bering-Chukchi shelves. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Danielson, Seth L.; Weingartner, Thomas J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eisner, Lisa] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ladd, Carol; Mordy, Calvin] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mordy, Calvin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA USA. [Sousa, Leandra] North Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, POB 69, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. RP Danielson, SL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM sldanielson@alaska.edu FU North Slope Borough-Shell Baseline Studies Program; BOEM [M12AC00008]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA100AR4320148]; NPRB project [1302]; NSF grant [ARC 1108440]; Coastal Impact Assistance Program (AKDNR/USFWS), the University of Alaska Fairbanks [10-CIAP-010, F12AF00188]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; University of Alaska Fairbanks [M12AC00009] FX We thank the captain and crew of the Bering Explorer, and all of the Arctic Eis scientists who helped carry this program forward, particularly Franz Mueter and Jared Weems for keeping us all on track. Thanks to BOEM program managers Cathy Coon (Arctic Eis) and Warren Horowitz (NE Chukchi circulation studies). Thanks to Rachel Potter for processing the HFR data, to Elizabeth Dobbins for processing the surface drifter data, and to Eric Wisegarver and Peter Proctor for nutrient analysis. Microstar 1-m drogue surface drifter data deployed at the nearshore locations in 2012 and 2013 were supported by the North Slope Borough-Shell Baseline Studies Program. The offshore drifter deployments, BC2 subsurface mooring, Point Lay surface mooring, and HFR data collections were supported by BOEM under contract #M12AC00008. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA100AR4320148, and is PMEL contribution number 4363, contribution EcoFOCI-0845 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography, and JISAO contribution number 2446. S. Danielson was supported in part by NPRB project #1302 and NSF grant ARC 1108440. Arctic Eis was funded under grants including the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (AKDNR/USFWS), the University of Alaska Fairbanks 10-CIAP-010, and F12AF00188, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the University of Alaska Fairbanks M12AC00009. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 7 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.024 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500002 ER PT J AU Pinchuk, AI Eisner, LB AF Pinchuk, Alexei I. Eisner, Lisa B. TI Spatial heterogeneity in zooplankton summer distribution in the eastern Chukchi Sea in 2012-2013 as a result of large-scale interactions of water masses SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Advection; Thermal regime; Zooplankton ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; BERING-SEA; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ABUNDANCE; PACIFIC; CALANUS; VARIABILITY; STRAIT; COMMUNITIES AB Interest in the Arctic shelf ecosystems has increased in recent years as the climate has rapidly warmed and sea ice declined. These changing conditions prompted the broad-scale multidisciplinary Arctic Ecosystem integrated survey (Arctic Eis) aimed at systematic, comparative analyses of interannual variability of the shelf ecosystem. In this study, we compared zooplankton composition and geographical distribution in relation to water properties on the eastern Chukchi and northern Bering Sea shelves during the summers of 2012 and 2013. In 2012, waters of Pacific origin prevailed over the study area carrying expatriate oceanic species (e.g. copepods Neocalanus spp., Eucalanus bungii) from the Bering Sea outer shelf well onto the northeastern Chukchi shelf. In contrast, in 2013, zooplankton of Pacific origin was mainly distributed over the southern Chukchi shelf, suggesting a change of advection pathways into the Arctic. These changes also manifested in the emergence of large lipid-rich Arctic zooplankton (e.g. Calanus hyperboreus) on the northeastern Chukchi shelf in 2013. The predominant copepod Calanus glacialis was composed of two distinct populations originating from the Bering Sea and from the Arctic, with the Arctic population expanding over a broader range in 2013. The observed interannual variability in zooplankton distribution on the Chukchi Sea shelf may be explained by previously described systematic oceanographic patterns derived from long-term observations. Variability in oceanic circulation and related zooplankton distributions (e.g. changes in southwestward advection of C. hyperboreus) may impact keystone predators such as Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida) that feed on energy-rich zooplankton. C1 [Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Div Fisheries, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Pinchuk, AI (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Div Fisheries, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM aipinchuk@alaska.edu FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program (AKDNR/USFWS); University of Alaska Fairbanks [10-CIAP-010, F12AF00188, M12AC00009]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management FX Arctic Eis was funded under grants including the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (AKDNR/USFWS) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks 10-CIAP-010 and F12AF00188, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the University of Alaska Fairbanks M12AC00009. NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.11.003 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500003 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Taylor, K Williams, K Wilson, CD AF De Robertis, Alex Taylor, Kevin Williams, Kresimir Wilson, Christopher D. TI Species and size selectivity of two midwater trawls used in an acoustic survey of the Alaska Arctic SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Acoustic surveys; Trawl selectivity; Midwater trawl; Chukchi Sea; Echo surveys; Arctic zone; Fish trawling; Escapement; Recapture net ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FISH; CATCHABILITY; ASSEMBLAGES; ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; GEAR AB Acoustic-trawl (AT) survey methods are widely used to estimate the abundance and distribution of pelagic organisms. This technique relies on estimates of size and species composition from trawl catches along with estimates of the acoustic properties of these animals to convert measurements of acoustic backscatter into animal abundance. However, trawls are selective samplers, and if the catch does not represent the size and species composition of the animals in the acoustic beam the resulting abundance estimates will be biased. We conducted an experiment to quantify trawl selectivity for species encountered during an AT survey of the Alaska Arctic. The pelagic assemblage in this environment was dominated by small young-of-the-year (age-0) fishes and jellyfish, which may be poorly retained in trawls. A large midwater trawl (Cantrawl) and a smaller midwater trawl (modified Marinovich) were used during the survey. The Marinovich was equipped with 8 small-mesh recapture nets which were used to estimate the probability that an individual that enters the trawl is retained. In addition, paired hauls were made with the Cantrawl and Marinovich to estimate the difference in selectivity between the two trawls. A statistical model was developed to combine the catches of the recapture nets and the paired hauls to estimate the length-dependent selectivity of the trawls for the most abundant species (e.g., age-0 fishes and jellyfish). The analysis indicated that there was substantial size and species selectivity: although the modified Marinovich generally had a higher catch per unit effort, many of the animals encountered in this environment were poorly retained by both trawls. The observed size and species selectivity of the trawls can be used to select appropriate nets for sampling pelagic fishes, and correct survey estimates for the biases introduced in the trawl capture process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Taylor, Kevin; Williams, Kresimir; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov OI De Robertis, Alex/0000-0001-6268-0791 FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior [10-CIAP-010, F12AF00188]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA FX We are indebted to Pohl Petersen of Dantrawl Inc. for designing the modifications to the Marinovich trawl net, David King and staff of the AFSC net shed for constructing the mod-Marinovich, to Brian Haley and the crew of F/VBristol Explorer for their skill in fishing the trawls, and to the participants in Arctic Eis surveys for processing 'one more pocket net'. Franz Mueter, Stan Kotwicki, Dan Cooper, and Jeff Napp provided helpful comments on drafts on the manuscript. This work was funded in part with qualified outer continental shelf oil and gas revenues by the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior (grants 10-CIAP-010 and F12AF00188) and by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.11.014 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500004 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Taylor, K Wilson, CD Farley, EV AF De Robertis, Alex Taylor, Kevin Wilson, Christopher D. Farley, Edward V. TI Abundance and distribution of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and other pelagic fishes over the US Continental Shelf of the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Acoustic surveys; Trawl selectivity; Midwater trawl; Chukchi Sea; Echo surveys; Arctic zone; Northern Bering Sea; Pelagic fish; Boreogadus saida ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; TARGET-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WALLEYE POLLOCK; BEAUFORT SEAS; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER MASS; ICE COVER; PACIFIC AB We conducted acoustic-trawl (AT) surveys of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas during ice-free periods in 2012 and 2013. The mixed species assemblages in the study area required refinement of standard AT survey methods, and adjustment of trawl catches for the effects of trawl selectivity. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the AT abundance estimates are relatively robust to the assumptions of the analysis. These surveys indicate that midwater fishes are dominated by age-0 Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), age-0 saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii). In both years, age-0 Arctic cod were distributed principally >= 69.5 degrees N, age-0 saffron cod were abundant in coastal areas between 66.5 and 69.5 degrees N, and Pacific herring were distributed south of 67 degrees N. These three fishes exhibited consistent associations with temperature, salinity and bottom depth: e.g., age-0 Arctic cod were abundant at lower mean water column temperatures than saffron cod. In contrast, capelin were distributed throughout the study area, and were not consistently associated with environmental measures. There was a geographic trend in body length, with smaller Arctic cod, saffron cod and capelin in northern areas, but smaller herring in the south. Arctic cod, saffron cod, herring and capelin were all > 2 times more abundant in 2013 than 2012. Sizeable populations of age-0 Arctic cod were observed in the northern Chukchi Sea, which suggests that this area is an important nursery ground. However, relatively few older Arctic cod were observed in this and other surveys of the area, which suggests that either overwinter mortality of age-0 Arctic cod is high, and/or these fish are not retained on the Chukchi shelf. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Taylor, Kevin; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Taylor, Kevin] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior [10-CIAP-010, F12AF00188]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA FX We are indebted to the captain and crew of F/V Bristol Explorer, Jared Weems, Jim Murphy, Franz Mueter, and the participants in Arctic Eis cruises for their assistance at sea. Patrick Ressler, Robert Levine, Mike Sigler and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on manuscript drafts. We thank Seth Danielson and Lisa Eisner for providing the CTD data. This work was funded in part with qualified outer continental shelf oil and gas revenues by the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior (grants10-CIAP-010 and F12AF00188) and by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.03.002 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500005 ER PT J AU Helser, TE Colman, JR Anderl, DM Kastelle, CR AF Helser, Thomas E. Colman, Jamie R. Anderl, Delsa M. Kastelle, Craig R. TI Growth dynamics of saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Arctic cod; Saffron cod; Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea; Growth; Climate change ID ATLANTIC COD; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; AGE VALIDATION; MARINE FISHES; GADUS-MORHUA; PATTERNS; HISTORY; TEMPERATURES; PRECISION; ACCURACY AB Saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) are two circumpolar gadids that serve as critically important species responsible for energy transfer in Arctic food webs of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas. To understand the potential effects of sea ice loss and warming temperatures on these species' basic life history, information such as growth is needed. Yet to date, limited effort has been dedicated to the study of their growth dynamics. Based on a large sample of otoliths collected in the first comprehensive ecosystem integrated survey in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, procedures were developed to reliably estimate age from otolith growth zones and were used to study the growth dynamics of saffron and Arctic cod. Annual growth zone assignment was validated using oxygen isotope signatures in otoliths and otolith morphology analyzed and compared between species. Saffron cod attained larger asymptotic sizes (L-infinity = 363 mm) and achieved their maximum size at a faster rate (K=0.378) than Arctic cod (L-infinity = 209 mm; K=0.312). For both species, regional differences in growth were found (p < 0.01). Saffron cod grew to a significantly larger size at age in the northern Bering Sea when compared to the Chukchi Sea, particularly at younger ages. Arctic cod grew to smaller asymptotic size but at faster rates in the more northerly central (L-infinity = 197 mm; K=0324) and southern Chukchi Sea (L-infinity = 221 mm; K=0.297) when compared to the northern Bering Sea (L-infinity = 266 mm; K=0.171), suggesting a possible cline in growth rates with more northerly latitudes. Comparison of growth to two periods separated by 30 years indicate that both species exhibited a decline in maximum size accompanied by higher instantaneous growth rates in more recent years. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Helser, Thomas E.; Colman, Jamie R.; Anderl, Delsa M.; Kastelle, Craig R.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way,NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Helser, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way,NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Thomas.helser@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M12PG00018] FX We thank Stan Kotwicki and Andy Whitehouse of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, and the three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. This study was funded [in part] by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through Cooperative Agreement M12PG00018 between BOEM, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region and University of Alaska Fairbanks/Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.12.009 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500006 ER PT J AU Whitehouse, GA Buckley, TW Danielson, SL AF Whitehouse, George A. Buckley, Troy W. Danielson, Seth L. TI Diet compositions and trophic guild structure of the eastern Chukchi Sea demersal fish community SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chukchi Sea; Arctic fish; Food habits; Trophic guild; Cluster analysis; Constrained analysis of principal coordinates ID NORTHERN BERING-SEA; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; FOOD-WEB PROPERTIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; STOMACH CONTENTS; COASTAL WATERS; BEAUFORT SEA AB Fishes are an important link in Arctic marine food webs, connecting production of lower trophic levels to apex predators. We analyzed 1773 stomach samples from 39 fish species collected during a bottom trawl survey of the eastern Chukchi Sea in the summer of 2012. We used hierarchical cluster analysis of diet dissimilarities on 21 of the most well sampled species to identify four distinct trophic guilds: gammarid amphipod consumers, benthic invertebrate generalists, fish and shrimp consumers, and zooplankton consumers. The trophic guilds reflect dominant prey types in predator diets. We used constrained analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) to determine if variation within the composite guild diets could be explained by a suite of non-diet variables. All CAP models explained a significant proportion of the variance in the diet matrices, ranging from 7% to 25% of the total variation. Explanatory variables tested included latitude, longitude, predator length, depth, and water mass. These results indicate a trophic guild structure is present amongst the demersal fish community during summer in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Regular monitoring of the food habits of the demersal fish community will be required to improve our understanding of the spatial, temporal, and interannual variation in diet composition, and to improve our ability to identify and predict the impacts of climate change and commercial development on the structure and functioning of the Chukchi Sea ecosystem. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Whitehouse, George A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buckley, Troy W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Danielson, Seth L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Whitehouse, GA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gaw@uw.edu OI Whitehouse, George/0000-0002-9130-9403 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) [M12PG00018]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA100AR4320148, 2433] FX This work was conducted as part of the Arctic Ecosystem Integrated Survey (Arctic Eis) and was funded [in part] by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through Cooperative Agreement M12PG00018 between BOEM, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. We are especially grateful to Richard Hibpshman, Caroline Robinson, Sean Rohan, and Kimberly Sawyer of the University of Washington (UW/SAFS) for laboratory analysis of stomachs. Thanks to Geoff Lang (NOAA) for data management. Thank you to all Arctic Eis survey participants who helped with stomach sample collection and the collection of oceanographic data. We would also like to extend our thanks to the Captain and crew of the F/V Alaska Knight, and the Captain and crew of the F/V Bristol Explorer for their efforts. Special thanks to Kirstin Holsman, Stephani Zador, and Kerim Aydin from NOAA for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism and comments. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This publication is [partially] funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA100AR4320148, Contribution No. 2433. NR 129 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.03.010 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500008 ER PT J AU Vega, SL Sutton, TM Murphy, JM AF Vega, Stacy L. Sutton, Trent M. Murphy, James M. TI Marine-entry timing and growth rates of juvenile Chum Salmon in Alaskan waters of the Chukchi and northern Bering seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta); Otoliths Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Growth rate ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; ATLANTIC SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON AB Climate change in the Arctic has implications for influences on juvenile Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta early life-history patterns, such as altered timing of marine entry and/or early marine growth. Sagittal otoliths were used to estimate marine entry dates and daily growth rates of juvenile Chum Salmon collected during surface trawl surveys in summers 2007, 2012, and 2013 in the Chukchi and northern Bering seas. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to discriminate between freshwater and marine sagittal growth on the otoliths, and daily growth increments were counted to determine marine-entry dates and growth rates to make temporal and regional comparisons of juvenile Chum Salmon characteristics. Marine-entry dates ranged from mid-June to mid-July, with all region and year combinations exhibiting similar characteristics in entry timing (i.e. larger individuals at the time of capture entered the marine environment earlier in the growing season than smaller individuals in the same region/year), as well as similar mean marine-entry dates. Juvenile Chum Salmon growth rates were on average 4.9% body weight per day in both regions in summers 2007 and 2012, and significantly higher (6.8% body weight per day) in the Chukchi Sea in 2013. These results suggest that juvenile Chum Salmon in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas currently exhibit consistent marine-entry timing and early marine growth rates, despite some differences in environmental conditions between regions and among years. This study also provides a baseline of early marine life-history characteristics of Chum Salmon for comparisons with future climate change studies in these regions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vega, Stacy L.; Sutton, Trent M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr,2450 Neill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Murphy, James M.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Vega, SL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr,2450 Neill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM stacylvega@gmail.com; tmsutton@alaska.edu; jim.murphy@noaa.gov FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior FX We would like to thank all crewmembers aboard the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson, the F/V Sea Storm, and the F/V Bristol Explorer, as well as technicians from NOAA/Auke Bay Labs who helped collect and extract otolith samples for analysis. A special thanks to K. Spaleta for assistance with the ICP-MS. Thanks to M. Adkison for help in the early stages of this study and N. Smith for assisting with laboratory analyses for this project. Portions of this work were performed at the AIL, University of Alaska Fairbanks. This study was funded with qualified outer continental shelf oil and gas revenues by the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOM. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.02.002 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500011 ER PT J AU Wechter, ME Beckman, BR Andrews, AG Beaudreau, AH McPhee, MV AF Wechter, Melissa E. Beckman, Brian R. Andrews, Alexander G., III Beaudreau, Anne H. McPhee, Megan V. TI Growth and condition of juvenile chum and pink salmon in the northeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Fishery oceanography; Salmonidae: Oncorhynchus; Sea ice; USA, Alaska, NE Bering Sea (59.92 degrees N-64.06 degrees N 174.00 degrees W-165.95 degrees W) ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON AB As the Arctic continues to warm, abundances of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the northern Bering Sea are expected to increase. However, information regarding the growth and condition of juvenile salmon in these waters is limited. The first objective of this study was to describe relationships between size, growth, and condition of juvenile chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon and environmental conditions using data collected in the northeastern Bering Sea (NEBS) from 2003-2007 and 2009-2012. Salmon collected at stations with greater bottom depths and cooler sea-surface temperature (SST) were longer, reflecting their movement further offshore out of the warmer Alaska Coastal Water mass, as the season progressed. Energy density, after accounting for fish length, followed similar relationships with SST and bottom depth while greater condition (weight-length residuals) was associated with warm SST and shallower stations. We used insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations as an indicator of relative growth rate for fishes sampled in 2009-2012 and that found fish exhibited higher IGF-1 concentrations in 2010-2012 than in 2009, although these differences were not clearly attributable to environmental conditions. Our second objective was to compare size and condition of juvenile chum and pink salmon in the NEBS between warm and cool spring thermal regimes of the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS). This comparison was based on a hypothesis informed by the strong role of sea-ice retreat in the spring for production dynamics in the SEBS and prevailing northward currents, suggesting that feeding conditions in the NESS may be influenced by production in the SEBS. We found greater length (both species) and condition (pink salmon) in years with warm thermal regimes; however, both of these responses changed more rapidly with day of year in years with cool springs. Finally, we compared indicators of energy allocation between even and odd brood-year stocks of juvenile pink salmon, finding support for the idea that the even-year stock allocates more energy to storage, as opposed to growth, than does the odd-year stock. Over all, our results support the idea that sea-ice dynamics influence energy allocation and growth of juvenile salmon in the northern Bering Sea and provide a foundation for further understanding of how environmental conditions influence juvenile salmon at the northern edge of their range. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wechter, Melissa E.; Beaudreau, Anne H.; McPhee, Megan V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Andrews, Alexander G., III] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP McPhee, MV (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mvmcphee@alaska.edu FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program, US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Department of the Interior [10-CIAP-010, F12AF00188]; U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC [M12AC00009, M12PG00018, M10PG00050]; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative through NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) FX This project incorporated data collected from the Bering Aleutian Salmon International Surveys (BASIS) and the Arctic Ecosystem Integrated Survey (Artic Eis). We are enormously grateful for the many scientists and crew who participated in the data collection and for all the scientists involved in sample processing. In particular, E. Farley, J. Murphy, and W. Strasburger were instrumental in making the data available. We also thank F. Mueter and B. Mecum for statistical and R coding advice. The manuscript was improved by the comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers and E. Farley. This project was funded by the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Department of the Interior under Agreement numbers 10-CIAP-010, F12AF00188. Funding was also provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC under Agreement numbers M12AC00009, M12PG00018, and M10PG00050. Gap funding for the 2013 Northern Bering Sea portion of the surface and midwater trawl cruise was provided by the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative through NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC). NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.06.001 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500012 ER PT J AU Murphy, JM Howard, KG Gann, JC Cieciel, KC Templin, WD Guthrie, CM AF Murphy, James M. Howard, Kathrine G. Gann, Jeanette C. Cieciel, Kristin C. Templin, William D. Guthrie, Charles M., III TI Juvenile Chinook Salmon abundance in the northern Bering Sea: Implications for future returns and fisheries in the Yukon River SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chinook Salmon; Northern Bering Sea; Yukon River ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PINK SALMON; CLIMATE; ALASKA; AGE-0; RECRUITMENT; DRAINAGE; SURVIVAL AB Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance in the northern Bering Sea is used to provide insight into future returns and fisheries in the Yukon River. The status of Yukon River Chinook Salmon is of concern due to recent production declines and subsequent closures of commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries, and severe restrictions on subsistence fisheries in the Yukon River. Surface trawl catch data, mixed layer depth adjustments, and genetic stock mixtures are used to estimate juvenile abundance for the Canadian-origin stock group from the Yukon River. Abundance ranged from a low of 0.62 million in 2012 to a high of 2.58 million in 2013 with an overall average of '1.5 million from 2003 to 2015. Although abundance estimates indicate that average survival is relatively low (average of 5.2%), juvenile abundance was significantly correlated (r=0.87, p= 0.005) with adult returns, indicating that much of the variability in survival occurs "during early life-history stages (freshwater and initial marine). Juvenile abundance in the northern Bering Sea has increased since 2013 due to an increase in early life-history survival (average juveniles-per-spawner increased from 29 to 59). The increase in juvenile abundance is projected to produce larger runs and increased subsistence fishing opportunities for Chinook Salmon in the Yukon River as early as 2016. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Murphy, James M.; Gann, Jeanette C.; Cieciel, Kristin C.; Guthrie, Charles M., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Howard, Kathrine G.; Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Murphy, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jim.Murphy@noaa.gov; Kathrine.Howard@alaska.gov; Jeanette.Gann@noaa.gov; Kristin.Cieciel@noaa.gov; Bill.Templin@alaska.gov; Chuck.Guthrie@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund [44606]; Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative [1003]; State of Alaska's Coastal Impact Assessment Program [F12AF00188]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M12PG00018]; Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Arctic EIS research program; Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Chinook Salmon Research Initiative FX Multiple funding sources have provided support for surface trawl surveys in the northern Bering Sea. The National Marine Fisheries Service provided the primary funding support for the surveys from 2003 to 2010. The Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (project 44606) and the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (project 1003) provided funding support for the survey in 2011). The State of Alaska's Coastal Impact Assessment Program (project F12AF00188), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (project M12PG00018), and the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative provided funding support as part of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks Arctic EIS research program in 2012 and 2013. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game's Chinook Salmon Research Initiative provided funding support for the 2014 and 2015 surveys. Vessels supporting the northern Bering Sea surveys include the F/V Sea Storm (2003-2007), F/V Epic Explorer (2009-2010), F/V Bristol Explorer (2011-2013), and the F/V Alaskan Endeavor (2014 and 2015). We wish to thank the many scientists, as well as the captains and crews of the chartered fishing vessels that have made the northern Bering Sea surveys possible. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.06.002 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500013 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Mueter, FJ Bluhm, BA Busby, MS Cokelet, ED Danielson, SL De Robertis, A Eisner, LB Farley, EV Iken, K Kuletz, KJ Lauth, RR Logerwell, EA Pinchuk, AI AF Sigler, Michael F. Mueter, Franz J. Bluhm, Bodil A. Busby, Morgan S. Cokelet, Edward D. Danielson, Seth L. De Robertis, Alex Eisner, Lisa B. Farley, Edward V. Iken, Katrin Kuletz, Kathy J. Lauth, Robert R. Logerwell, Elizabeth A. Pinchuk, Alexei I. TI Late summer zoogeography of the northern Bering and Chukchi seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Zoogeography; Zooplankton; Fishes; Invertebrates; Seabirds ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; BENTHIC ECOLOGY; LEAST AUKLETS; MARINE BIRDS; ZOOPLANKTON AB Ocean currents, water masses, and seasonal sea ice formation contribute to determining relationships among the biota of the Bering and Chukchi seas. The Bering Sea communicates with the Chukchi Sea via northward advection of water, nutrients, organic matter, and plankton through Bering Strait. We used data from concurrent surveys of zooplankton, pelagic fishes and jellyfish, epibenthic fishes and invertebrates, and seabirds to identify faunal distribution patterns and environmental factors that are related to these faunal distributions within the US portions of the Chukchi Sea shelf and Bering Sea shelf north of Nunivak Island. Regional differences in late summer (August-September) distributions of biota largely reflected the underlying hydrography. Depth, temperature, salinity, stratification, and chlorophyll a, but less so sediment-related or nutrient-related factors, were related to the distributions of the assemblages (zooplanlcton: depth, salinity, stratification; pelagic fishes and jellyfish: depth, stratification, chlorophyll a; epibenthic fishes and invertebrates: depth, temperature, salinity; seabirds: temperature, salinity, stratification). These six environmental factors that most influenced distributions of zooplankton, pelagic fishes/jellyfish, epibenthic fishes and invertebrate, and seabird assemblages likely can be simplified to three factors reflecting bottom depth, water mass, and their stratification and productivity (which are tightly linked in the study region). The assemblages were principally structured from nearshore to offshore and from south to north. The nearshore to offshore contrast usually was stronger in the south, where the enormous discharge of the Yukon River is more apparent and extends farther offshore, influencing zooplankton, pelagic fish/jellyfish, and seabird assemblages. Some assemblages overlapped spatially (e.g., seabird and zooplankton), indicating shared influential environmental factors or trophic linkages among assemblages. The gradients in assemblage composition were gradual for epibenthic taxa, abrupt for zooplankton taxa, and intermediate for pelagic fish/jellyfish and seabird taxa, implying that zooplankton assemblage structure is most strongly tied to water mass, epibenthic least, with the other two taxa intermediates. Three communities (i.e., cross-assemblage groupings) emerged based on maps of ordination axes and core use areas by taxa; one associated with Alaska Coastal Water (warmer, fresher, nutrient depauperate), second associated with Chirikov Basin and the southern Chukchi Sea (colder, saltier, nutrient rich), and third associated with the northern Chukchi shelf (colder and saltier but not as nutrient rich). Gradients in species composition occurred both within and between these communities. The Chirikov Basin/southern Chukchi Sea community was characterized by distinct zooplankton and seabird taxa, but was not strongly associated with distinct pelagic or epibenthic fish and invertebrate taxa. Although comprehensive data were only available for a single year and annual variation may affect the generality of our results, our comprehensive ecosystem survey approach yielded new insights into the ecological relationships (specifically, gradients in assemblage composition and identification of communities) of this Arctic region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Mueter, Franz J.; Bluhm, Bodil A.; Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17103 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bluhm, Bodil A.] Univ Tromso, POB 6050 Langnes, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Busby, Morgan S.; De Robertis, Alex; Eisner, Lisa B.; Lauth, Robert R.; Logerwell, Elizabeth A.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA. [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Oceans & Atmospher Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Danielson, Seth L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service); University of Alaska Fairbanks [10-CIAP-010 F12AF00188, M12AC00009]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [M12PG00018]; Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [M10PG00050] FX This project was funded through the Coastal Impact Assistance Program (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (10-CIAP-010 F12AF00188), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (Agreement number M12AC00009), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Agreement number M12PG00018), and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and the Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Agreement Number M10PG00050). The seabird density estimates are archived in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/nppsd/index.php). NR 114 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 168 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.03.005 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI5TK UT WOS:000392557500014 ER PT J AU West, JM Courtney, CA Hamilton, AT Parker, BA Julius, SH Hoffman, J Koltes, KH MacGowan, P AF West, Jordan M. Courtney, Catherine A. Hamilton, Anna T. Parker, Britt A. Julius, Susan H. Hoffman, Jennie Koltes, Karen H. MacGowan, Petra TI Climate-Smart Design for Ecosystem Management: A Test Application for Coral Reefs SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Vulnerability; Adaptation planning; Natural resource management; Coral reefs; Decision making ID POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHANGE IMPACTS; RESILIENCE; CONSERVATION; SYSTEMS; RESPONSES; ADAPTATION; TOLERANCE AB The interactive and cumulative impacts of climate change on natural resources such as coral reefs present numerous challenges for conservation planning and management. Climate change adaptation is complex due to climate-stressor interactions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. This leaves decision makers worldwide faced with local, regional, and global-scale threats to ecosystem processes and services, occurring over time frames that require both near-term and long-term planning. Thus there is a need for structured approaches to adaptation planning that integrate existing methods for vulnerability assessment with design and evaluation of effective adaptation responses. The Corals and Climate Adaptation Planning project of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force seeks to develop guidance for improving coral reef management through tailored application of a climate-smart approach. This approach is based on principles from a recently-published guide which provides a framework for adopting forward-looking goals, based on assessing vulnerabilities to climate change and applying a structured process to design effective adaptation strategies. Work presented in this paper includes: (1) examination of the climate-smart management cycle as it relates to coral reefs; (2) a compilation of adaptation strategies for coral reefs drawn from a comprehensive review of the literature; (3) in-depth demonstration of climate-smart design for place-based crafting of robust adaptation actions; and (4) feedback from stakeholders on the perceived usefulness of the approach. We conclude with a discussion of lessons-learned on integrating climate-smart design into real-world management planning processes and a call from stakeholders for an "adaptation design tool" that is now under development. C1 [West, Jordan M.; Julius, Susan H.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Courtney, Catherine A.] Tetra Tech Inc, 737 Bishop St,Suite 2340, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Hamilton, Anna T.] Tetra Tech Inc, Ctr Ecol Sci, 502 W Cordova Rd,Suite C, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Parker, Britt A.] Baldwin Grp Inc, NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, SSMC4,N-OCM6,Rm 10329,1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hoffman, Jennie] 4755 Northeast Lambs Lane, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA. [Koltes, Karen H.] US Dept Interior, Off Insular Affairs, MS 2429,1849 C St NW, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [MacGowan, Petra] Nature Conservancy, 74 Wall St, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP West, JM (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 1200 Penn Ave NW,8601P, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM west.jordan@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EP-C-12-060] FX This research was funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contract EP-C-12-060, with travel and workshop contributions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs. We gratefully acknowledge the constructive feedback offered on an earlier draft by P. Bradley, H. Slay, and R. Coffey. Special thanks to E. Conklin, M. Eakin, and R. Kosaki for expert technical advice early in the project, and to W. Wiltse, H. Slay, T. Callender, E. Anders, T. Leberer, and R. Parsons for key contributions to workshop planning and participation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or Department of the Interior. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 32 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 59 IS 1 BP 102 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s00267-016-0774-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH8ZQ UT WOS:000392061800009 PM 27734086 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Levine, LE Ma, L AF Stoudt, M. R. Levine, L. E. Ma, L. TI Designing a Uniaxial Tension/Compression Test for Springback Analysis in High-Strength Steel Sheets SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Bauschinger effect; Yield phenomena; Residual stresses; Ferritic steels; Springback ID ANISOTROPIC YIELD FUNCTIONS; KINEMATIC HARDENING LAWS; BACK EVALUATION; LARGE-STRAIN; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; TENSION; FATIGUE AB We describe an innovative design for an in-plane measurement technique that subjects thin sheet metal specimens to bidirectional loading. The goal of this measurement is to provide the critical performance data necessary to validate complex predictions of the work hardening behavior during reversed uniaxial deformation. In this approach, all of the principal forces applied to the specimen are continually measured in real-time throughout the test. This includes the lateral forces that are required to prevent out of plane displacements in the specimen that promote buckling. This additional information will, in turn, improve the accuracy of the compensation for the friction generated between the anti-bucking guides and the specimen during compression. The results from an initial series of experiments not only demonstrate that our approach is feasible, but that it generates data with the accuracy necessary to quantify the directionally-dependent changes in the yield behavior that occur when the strain path is reversed (i.e., the Bauschinger Effect). C1 [Stoudt, M. R.; Levine, L. E.; Ma, L.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov FU Materials Science and Engineering Division FX All of the work described herein was performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and was supported by internal funding from the Materials Science and Engineering Division. We would like to acknowledge D. J. Pitchure, of the NIST Mechanical Performance Group, for his helpful suggestions and assistance with the CAD modeling, and C. Amigo, D. Barry, B. Pries, and J. Kisner, of the NIST Fabrication Technology Group, for their collective expertise and advise offered during the fabrication of the numerous precision components in our apparatus. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 57 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s11340-016-0202-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA EI2BF UT WOS:000392290400012 PM 28133391 ER PT J AU Choe, L Zhang, C Luecke, WE Gross, JL Varma, AH AF Choe, Lisa Zhang, Chao Luecke, William E. Gross, John L. Varma, Amit H. TI Influence of Material Models on Predicting the Fire Behavior of Steel Columns SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire loading; Elevated temperature; Steel column; Finite element method; Stress-strain relationship; Inelastic buckling; Thermal strain ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MEMBERS AB Finite-element (FE) analysis was used to compare the high-temperature responses of steel columns with two different stress-strain models: the Eurocode 3 model and the model proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The comparisons were made in three different phases. The first phase compared the critical buckling temperatures predicted using forty-seven column data from five different laboratories. The slenderness ratios varied from 34 to 137, and the applied axial load was 20% to 60% of the room-temperature capacity. The results showed that the NIST model predicted the buckling temperature as or more accurately than the Eurocode 3 model for four of the five data sets. In the second phase, thirty unique FE models were developed to analyze the W8 x 35 and W14 x 53 column specimens with the slenderness ratio about 70. The column specimens were tested under steady-heating conditions with a target temperature in the range of 300A degrees C to 600A degrees C. The models were developed by combining the material model, temperature distributions in the specimens, and numerical scheme for non-linear analyses. Overall, the models with the NIST material properties and the measured temperature variations showed the results comparable to the test data. The deviations in the results from two different numerical approaches (modified Newton-Raphson vs. arc-length) were negligible. The Eurocode 3 model made conservative predictions on the behavior of the column specimens since its retained elastic moduli are smaller than those of the NIST model at elevated temperatures. In the third phase, the column curves calibrated using the NIST model was compared with those prescribed in the ANSI/AISC-360 Appendix 4. The calibrated curve significantly deviated from the current design equation with increasing temperature, especially for the slenderness ratio from 50 to 100. C1 [Choe, Lisa; Zhang, Chao; Luecke, William E.; Gross, John L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Varma, Amit H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Choe, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.choe@nist.gov; chao.zhang@nist.gov; william.luecke@nist.gov; john.gross@nist.gov; ahvarma@purdue.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 53 IS 1 SI SI BP 375 EP 400 DI 10.1007/s10694-016-0568-4 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EI2LP UT WOS:000392319100019 PM 28133392 ER PT J AU Brodsky, A Shao, GD Krishnamoorthy, M Narayanan, A Menasce, D Ak, R AF Brodsky, Alexander Shao, Guodong Krishnamoorthy, Mohan Narayanan, Anantha Menasce, Daniel Ak, Ronay TI Analysis and optimization based on reusable knowledge base of process performance models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Smart manufacturing; Data analytics; Domain specific user interface; Optimization; Reusable knowledge base; Process performance models ID ANALYTICS AB In this paper, we propose an architectural design and software framework for fast development of descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics solutions for dynamic production processes. The proposed architecture and framework will support the storage of modular, extensible, and reusable knowledge base (KB) of process performance models. The approach requires developing automated methods that can translate the high-level models in the reusable KB into low-level specialized models required by a variety of underlying analysis tools, including data manipulation, optimization, statistical learning, estimation, and simulation. We also propose an organization and key structure for the reusable KB, composed of atomic and composite process performance models and domain-specific dashboards. Furthermore, we illustrate the use of the proposed architecture and framework by prototyping a decision support system for process engineers. The decision support system allows users to hierarchically compose and optimize dynamic production processes via a graphical user interface. C1 [Brodsky, Alexander; Krishnamoorthy, Mohan; Menasce, Daniel] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shao, Guodong; Ak, Ronay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Narayanan, Anantha] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brodsky@gmu.edu; guodong.shao@nist.gov; mkrishn4@gmu.edu; anantha@umd.edu; menasce@gmu.edu; ronay.ak@nist.gov FU NIST [70NANB12H277, 70NANB14H250]; George Mason University [70NANB12H277]; University of Maryland, College Park [70NANB14H250]; US Government FX This effort has been sponsored in part under the Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB12H277 between NIST and George Mason University and Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB14H250 between NIST and University of Maryland, College Park. The work described was funded by the US Government and is not subject to copyright. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 EI 1433-3015 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 88 IS 1-4 BP 337 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s00170-016-8761-7 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA EI2HV UT WOS:000392308400030 ER PT J AU Edwards, DT Perkins, TT AF Edwards, Devin T. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Optimizing force spectroscopy by modifying commercial cantilevers: Improved stability, precision, and temporal resolution SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Protein folding; Single-molecule force spectroscopy; Single-molecule biophysics; Focused-ion-beam modification; Cantilever dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SINGLE CALMODULIN MOLECULES; MAGNETIC TWEEZERS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; RNA-POLYMERASE; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; NUCLEIC-ACID AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) enables a wide array of studies, from measuring the strength of a ligand-receptor bond to elucidating the complex folding pathway of individual membrane proteins. Such SMFS studies and, more generally, the diverse applications of AFM across biophysics and nanotechnology are improved by enhancing data quality via improved force stability, force precision, and temporal resolution. For an advanced, small-format commercial AFM, we illustrate how these three metrics are limited by the cantilever itself rather than the larger microscope structure, and then describe three increasingly sophisticated cantilever modifications that yield enhanced data quality. First, sub-pN force precision and stability over a broad bandwidth (Delta f = 0.01-20 Hz) is routinely achieved by removing a long (L = 100 mu m) cantilever's gold coating. Next, this sub-pN bandwidth is extended by a factor of similar to 50 to span five decades of bandwidth (Delta f = 0.01-1000 Hz) by using a focused ion beam (FIB) to modify a shorter (L = 40 mu m) cantilever. Finally, FIB-modifying an ultrashort (L = 9 mu m) cantilever improves its force stability and precision while maintaining 1-mu s temporal resolution. These modified ultrashort cantilevers have a reduced quality factor Q approximate to 0.5) and therefore do not apply a substantial (30-90 pN), high-frequency force modulation to the molecule, a phenomenon that is unaccounted for in traditional SMFS analysis. Currently, there is no perfect cantilever for all applications. Optimizing AFM-based SMFS requires understanding the tradeoffs inherent to using a specific cantilever and choosing the one best suited to a particular application. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edwards, Devin T.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Perkins, TT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [DBI-135398, Phys-1125844]; NIST FX The authors thank Dima Makarov, Michael Woodside, and Hao Yu for sharing data. This work was supported by a fellowship from the National Research Council (D.T.E.), the National Science Foundation (DBI-135398; Phys-1125844), and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 EI 1095-8657 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 197 IS 1 SI SI BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.01.009 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA EI0LV UT WOS:000392166900003 PM 26804584 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Murillo, EM Flora, ML Wheatley, DM AF Potvin, Corey K. Murillo, Elisa M. Flora, Montgomery L. Wheatley, Dustan M. TI Sensitivity of Supercell Simulations to Initial-Condition Resolution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WARN-ON-FORECAST; ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; PART I; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS AB Observational and model resolution limitations currently preclude analysis of the smallest scales important to numerical prediction of convective storms. These missing scales can be recovered if the forecast model is integrated on a sufficiently fine grid, but not before errors are introduced that subsequently grow in scale and magnitude. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the impact of these initial-condition (IC) resolution errors on high-resolution forecasts of organized convection. This is done by comparing high-resolution supercell simulations generated using identical model settings but successively coarsened ICs. Consistent with the Warn-on-Forecast paradigm, the simulations are initialized with ongoing storms and integrated for 2 h. Both idealized and full-physics experiments are performed in order to examine how more realistic model settings modulate the error evolution. In all experiments, scales removed from the IC (wavelengths, 2, 4, 8, or 16 km) regenerate within 10-20 min of model integration. While the forecast errors arising from the initial absence of these scales become quantitatively large in many instances, the qualitative storm evolution is relatively insensitive to the IC resolution. It therefore appears that adopting much finer forecast (e.g., 250 m) than analysis (e.g., 3 km) grids for data assimilation and prediction would improve supercell forecasts given limited computational resources. This motivates continued development of mixed-resolution systems. The relative insensitivity to IC resolution further suggests that convective forecasting can be more readily advanced by improving model physics and numerics and expanding extrastorm observational coverage than by increasing intrastorm observational density. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.; Wheatley, Dustan M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.; Murillo, Elisa M.; Flora, Montgomery L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.; Wheatley, Dustan M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Murillo, Elisa M.] Natl Weather Ctr Res Experiences Undergrad, Norman, OK USA. [Murillo, Elisa M.] Univ Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1062932]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was prepared by the authors with funding provided by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1062932 and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. We thank Dale Durran, Chris Snyder, and an anonymous reviewer for providing valuable suggestions that substantially improved the paper. We also thank Louis Wicker and Patrick Skinner for helpful discussions and for informally reviewing an early version of the manuscript. Valuable local computing assistance was provided by Gerry Creager, Jesse Butler, and Jeff Horn. Part of the computing for this project was performed at the University of Oklahoma (OU) Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER). OSCER Director Henry Neeman, OSCER Senior System Administrator Brett Zimmerman, and Petascale Storage Administrator Patrick Calhoun provided valuable technical expertise. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 5 EP 26 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0098.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3VD UT WOS:000392419300002 ER PT J AU Burrows, DA Chen, G Sun, LT AF Burrows, D. Alex Chen, Gang Sun, Lantao TI Barotropic and Baroclinic Eddy Feedbacks in the Midlatitude Jet Variability and Responses to Climate Change-Like Thermal Forcings SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; ZONAL-MEAN CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; FLUCTUATION-DISSIPATION; EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITY; 2-LAYER MODEL; LIFE-CYCLES; INDEX AB Studies have suggested that the persistence in the meridional vacillation of the midlatitude jet (i.e., annular mode time scale) in comprehensive climate models is related to the model biases in climatological jet latitude, with important implications for projections of future climates and midlatitude weather events. Through the use of the recently developed finite-amplitude wave activity formalism and feedback quantifying techniques, this paper has quantified the role of barotropic and baroclinic eddy feedbacks in annular mode time scales using an idealized dry atmospheric model. The eddy-mean flow interaction that characterizes the persistent anomalous state of the midlatitude jet depends on processes associated with the lower-tropospheric source of vertically propagating Rossby waves, baroclinic mechanisms, and processes associated with upper-tropospheric wave propagation and breaking, barotropic mechanisms. A variety of climate change-like thermal forcings are used to generate a range of meridional shifts in the midlatitude eddy-driven jet. The idealized model shows a reduction in annular mode time scale associated with an increase in jet latitude, similar to comprehensive climate models. This decrease in time scale can be attributed to a similar decrease in the strength of the barotropic eddy feedback, which, in the positive phase of the annular mode, is characterized by anomalous potential vorticity (PV) mixing on the equatorward flank of the climatological jet. The decrease in subtropical PV mixing is, in turn, associated with a stronger subtropical jet as the eddy-driven jet is more distant from the subtropics. These results highlight the importance of subtropical eddy-mean flow interactions for the persistence of an eddy-driven jet. C1 [Burrows, D. Alex; Chen, Gang] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chen, Gang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sun, Lantao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, Lantao] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Burrows, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM db647@cornell.edu FU NSF [AGS-1064079]; DOE [DE-SC0012374]; NOAA's Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation FX We are thankful for discussions with Yang Zhang and Jian Lu on this topic. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for comments that have improved the manuscript. G. Chen and D. A. Burrows are supported by NSF Grant AGS-1064079 and DOE Grant DE-SC0012374. L. Sun is supported by the NOAA's Climate Program Office. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 74 IS 1 BP 111 EP 132 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0047.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3VD UT WOS:000392419300007 ER PT J AU Rone, BK Zerbini, AN Douglas, AB Weller, DW Clapham, PJ AF Rone, Brenda K. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Douglas, Annie B. Weller, David W. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Abundance and distribution of cetaceans in the Gulf of Alaska SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; KILLER WHALES; SPERM-WHALES; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; BEAKED-WHALE; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB To effectively protect and manage marine mammals, contemporary information on their abundance and distribution is essential. Several factors influence present-day insight including the accessibility of the study area and the degree of difficulty in locating and studying target species. The offshore waters of the Gulf of Alaska are important habitat to a variety of cetaceans yet have remained largely unsurveyed due to its remote location, vast geographic area, and challenging environmental conditions. Between 2009 and 2015, three vessel surveys were conducted using line-transect sampling methods to estimate cetacean abundance and density. Here, we present results on the distribution for all species encountered and density and abundance for six species, including humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), blue whales (B. musculus), killer whales (Orcinus orca), and Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli). Fin whales, humpback whales, and Dall's porpoise were the most abundant species. Beaked whales were documented only in 2015. Prior to this study, recent sightings of blue whales were rare, likely related to the lack of offshore survey coverage. No North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica) were sighted, underscoring the critically endangered status of this species in a formerly populous habitat. Although these results provide the first estimates from offshore waters, additional effort is necessary to assess trends and to obtain baseline data for the rare and cryptic species in order to better inform conservation and management actions. C1 [Rone, Brenda K.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rone, Brenda K.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Douglas, Annie B.] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W Fourth Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Weller, David W.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Rone, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Rone, BK (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W Fourth Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM Brenda.Rone@noaa.gov FU Commander US Pacific Fleet; Naval Operations Environmental Readiness [OPNAV N45]; Naval Facilities Engineering Command; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service; National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology; National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resources; National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office; Marine Mammal Commission FX This study was funded by Commander US Pacific Fleet, the Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Readiness (OPNAV N45), the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service, National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology, National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office, and the Marine Mammal Commission. NR 139 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 164 IS 1 AR 23 DI 10.1007/s00227-016-3052-2 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI2QN UT WOS:000392332900023 ER PT J AU Helvey, M Pomeroy, C Pradhan, NC Squires, D Stohs, S AF Helvey, Mark Pomeroy, Caroline Pradhan, Naresh C. Squires, Dale Stohs, Stephen TI Can the United States have its fish and eat it too? SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Imported seafood; International trade; Leakage; Marine conservation policy; Seafood security ID ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVES; LAND-USE; FOOD SECURITY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT; GLOBAL DISPLACEMENT; LONGLINE FISHERY; DYNAMIC OCEAN; CONSUMPTION AB As domestic affluence increases, nations advocate for conservation policies to protect domestic biodiversity that often curtail natural resource production activities such as fishing. If concomitant consumption patterns remain unchanged, environmentally conscious nations with high consumption rates such as the U.S. may only be distancing themselves from the negative environmental impacts associated with consuming resources and commodities produced elsewhere. This unintended displacement of ecosystem impacts, or leakage, associated with conservation policies has not been studied extensively in marine fisheries. This paper examines this topic, drawing on case studies to illustrate the ways in which unilateral marine conservation actions can shift ecosystem impacts elsewhere, as has been documented in land use interventions. The authors argue that the U.S. should recognize these distant ecological consequences and move toward greater self-sufficiency to protect its seafood security and minimize leakage as well as undertake efforts to reduce ecosystem impacts of foreign fisheries on which it relies. Six solutions are suggested for broadening the marine conservation and seafood consumption discussion to address leakage induced by U.S. policy. C1 [Helvey, Mark] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. [Helvey, Mark] Sustainable Seafood Consultants, 16 Saucito, Foothill Ranch, CA 92610 USA. [Pomeroy, Caroline] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Calif Sea Grant Extens Program, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pradhan, Naresh C.] New England Fishery Management Council, 50 Water St,Mill 2, Newburyport, MA 01950 USA. [Squires, Dale; Stohs, Stephen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Helvey, M (reprint author), Sustainable Seafood Consultants, 16 Saucito, Foothill Ranch, CA 92610 USA. EM markhelvey2@gmail.com; cpomeroy@ucsd.edu; npradhan@nefmc.org; dale.squires@noaa.gov; stephen.stohs@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.10.013 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EH6SP UT WOS:000391904500008 ER PT J AU Heenehan, HL Van Parijs, SM Bejder, L Tyne, JA Johnston, DW AF Heenehan, Heather L. Van Parijs, Sofie M. Bejder, Lars Tyne, Julian A. Johnston, David W. TI Using acoustics to prioritize management decisions to protect coastal dolphins: A case study using Hawaiian spinner dolphins SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Marine mammals; Conservation; Passive acoustic monitoring; Spinner dolphins, Tourism ID LONGIROSTRIS RESTING HABITAT; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS AB For more than a decade, interactions between humans and Hawaiian spinner dolphins in their resting bays have been a concern for members of the general public, managers, scientists, policymakers, and tour operators. Hawaiian spinner dolphins are the target of a large wildlife tourism industry due to their predictable daytime resting behavior and presence in coastal areas. Using results from passive acoustic monitoring between January 2011 and March 2013 on the Kona coast of Hawai'i Island, USA, the relative importance of four known Hawaiian spinner dolphin resting bays, the contribution of anthropogenic noise including vessel noise to the four bay soundscapes, and the dolphins' response to human activities were assessed. Here the findings are summarized and visualized and recommendations are provided for action to regulate directed dolphin watching and ensuing unauthorized takes under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. These findings and recommendations have implications for the federal government's ongoing efforts to implement rules that protect Hawaiian spinner dolphins in their resting bays. C1 [Heenehan, Heather L.; Johnston, David W.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Heenehan, Heather L.; Bejder, Lars] Integrated Stat, 16 Sumner St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Heenehan, Heather L.; Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Bejder, Lars; Tyne, Julian A.; Johnston, David W.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Murdoch, WA, Australia. RP Heenehan, HL (reprint author), 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hheenehan@gmail.com; sofie.vanparijs@noaa.gov; l.bejder@murdoch.edu.au; j.tyne@murdoch.edu.au; david.johnston@duke.edu RI Bejder, Lars/D-1772-2017; OI Bejder, Lars/0000-0001-8138-8606; Tyne, Julian/0000-0002-0676-5659 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Marine Mammal Commission; State of Hawaii; Dolphin Quest FX Many thanks to the entire SAPPHIRE Project field team for their hard work. Without all of them this would not have been possible. All research on spinner dolphins was conducted under permit from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA (GA LOC #15409), the Department of Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii, USA (SPA ST-11-8 and SPA HA-11-5), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (POH-2010-00218) and under approval of the Murdoch University Animal Ethics Committee (permit #W2331/10). This research was supported by funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Marine Mammal Commission, the State of Hawaii and Dolphin Quest. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 75 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.10.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EH6SP UT WOS:000391904500011 ER PT J AU Tromel, S Ryzhkov, AV Diederich, M Muhlbauer, K Kneifel, S Snyder, J Simmer, C AF Troemel, Silke Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Diederich, Malte Muehlbauer, Kai Kneifel, Stefan Snyder, Jeffrey Simmer, Clemens TI Multisensor Characterization of Mammatus SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUD; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MICROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; POLARIZATION RADAR; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DOPPLER RADAR; PART II; ICE; PRECIPITATION; SIGNATURES AB Multisensor observations of anvil mammatus are analyzed in order to gain a more detailed understanding of their spatiotemporal structure and microphysical characterization. Remarkable polarimetric radar signatures are detected for the Pentecost 2014 supercell in Northrhine Westfalia, Germany, and severe storms in Oklahoma along their mammatus-bearing anvil bases. Radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization Z(H) and cross-correlation coefficient rHV decrease downward toward the bottom of the anvil while differential reflectivity Z(DR) rapidly increases, consistent with the signature of crystal depositional growth. The differential reflectivity Z(DR) within mammatus exceeds 2 dB in the Pentecost storm and in several Oklahoma severe convective storms examined for this paper. Observations from a zenith-pointing Ka-band cloud radar and a Doppler wind lidar during the Pentecost storm indicate the presence of a supercooled liquid layer of at least 200-300-m depth near the anvil base at temperatures between -15 degrees and -30 degrees C. These liquid drops, which are presumably generated in localized areas of vertical velocities of up to 1.5 m s(-1), coexist with ice particles identified by cloud radar. The authors hypothesize that pristine crystals grow rapidly within these layers of supercooled water, and that oriented planar ice crystals falling from the liquid layers lead to high Z(DR) at precipitation radar frequencies. A mammatus detection strategy using precipitation radar observations is presented, based on a methodology so far mainly used for the detection of updrafts in convective storms. Owing to the presence of a supercooled liquid layer detected above the mammatus lobes, the new detection strategy might also be relevant for aviation safety. C1 [Troemel, Silke; Diederich, Malte; Muehlbauer, Kai; Simmer, Clemens] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Bonn, Germany. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Snyder, Jeffrey] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Snyder, Jeffrey] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kneifel, Stefan] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. RP Tromel, S (reprint author), Hugel 20, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM silke.troemel@uni-bonn.de FU BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development); SFB - DFG (German Research Foundation) [TR32]; NOAA/University of Oklahoma under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1143948]; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the program High Definition Clouds and Precipitation for Advancing Climate Prediction [HD(CP)2] [HD(CP)2 01LK1210C]; Deutscher Wetterdienst; SFB [TR32] FX The research of Silke Tromel and Malte Diederich was partly carried out in the framework of the Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (http://www.herz-tb1.uni-bonn.de/). This research network of universities, research institutes, and the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) is funded by the BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development). Malte Diederich was also supported by the SFB TR32 (Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32) funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). Alexander Ryzhkov and Jeffrey Snyder were supported via funding from NOAA/University of Oklahoma Co-operative Agreement NA11OAR4320072 under the U.S. Department of Commerce and from the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS-1143948). Stefan Kneifel acknowledges funding by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the program High Definition Clouds and Precipitation for Advancing Climate Prediction [HD(CP)2] under Grant HD(CP)2 01LK1210C. We gratefully acknowledge the support by the Deutscher Wetterdienst for providing the C-band radar data for Germany and the support by the SFB TR32 for providing the BoXPol data. We also thank Max Maahn and Jan Schween (University of Cologne) for processing of the JOYRAD-35 data and helpful discussions about the Doppler lidar data. Finally, the authors acknowledge the Editor-in-Chief David M. Schultz and the reviewers for their careful and valuable input for improvements of the paper. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 145 IS 1 BP 235 EP 251 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0187.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3SP UT WOS:000392411900013 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM AF Hamill, Thomas M. TI Performance of operational model precipitation forecast guidance during the 2013 Colorado Front-Range floods (vol 142, pg 2609, 2014) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 145 IS 1 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0006.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3SP UT WOS:000392411900022 ER PT J AU Kurapov, AL Erofeeva, SY Myers, E AF Kurapov, Alexander L. Erofeeva, Svetlana Y. Myers, Edward TI Coastal sea level variability in the US West Coast Ocean Forecast System (WCOFS) SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ocean modeling; Coastal sea level; Coastally trapped waves; US West Coast ID LARGE-SCALE RESPONSE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-AMERICA; TRAPPED WAVES; LOW-FREQUENCY; CURRENTS; WIND; OREGON; MODEL; WASHINGTON AB Sea level variability along the US West Coast is analyzed using multi-year time series records from tide gauges and a high-resolution regional ocean model, the base of the West Coast Ocean Forecast System (WCOFS). One of the metrics utilized is the frequency of occurrences when model prediction is within 0.15 m from the observed sea level, F. A target level of F = 90% is set by an operational agency. A combination of the tidal sea level from a shallow water inverse model, inverted barometer (IB) term computed using surface air pressure from a mesoscale atmospheric model, and low-pass filtered sea level from WCOFS representing the effect of coastal ocean dynamics (DYN) provides the most straightforward approach to reaching levels F > 80%. The IB and DYN components each add between 5 and 15% to F. Given the importance of the DYN term bringing F closer to the operational requirement and its role as an indicator of the coastal ocean processes on scales from days to interannual, additional verification of the WCOFS subtidal sea level is provided in terms of the model-data correlation, standard deviation of the band-pass filtered (2-60 days) time series, the annual cycle amplitude, and alongshore sea level coherence in the range of 5-120-day periods. Model-data correlation in sea level increases from south to north along the US coast. The rms amplitude of model sea level variability in the 2-60-day band and its annual amplitude are weaker than observed north of 42 N, in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast region. The alongshore coherence amplitude and phase patterns are similar in the model and observations. Availability of the multi-year model solution allows computation and analysis of spatial maps of the coherence amplitude. For a reference location in the Southern California Bight, relatively short-period sea level motions (near 10 days) are incoherent with those north of the Santa Barbara Channel (in part, due to coastal trapped wave scattering and/or dissipation). At a range of periods around 60 days, the coastal sea level in Southern California is coherent with the sea surface height (SSH) variability over the shelf break in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, more than with the coastal SSH at the same latitudes. C1 [Kurapov, Alexander L.; Erofeeva, Svetlana Y.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Myers, Edward] NOAA, CSDL, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kurapov, AL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NOAA WCOFS Grant; NOAA Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed (COMT) grant; NASA SWOT Science Definition Team project; NSF [1030922] FX We would like to thank Drs. J. S. Allen, K. Brink, and M. Fewings for stimulating discussions and suggestions toward the manuscript improvement. This research was partially supported by the NOAA WCOFS Grant, the NOAA Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed (COMT) grant, the NASA SWOT Science Definition Team project, and the NSF grant #1030922. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 67 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10236-016-1013-4 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EI2JR UT WOS:000392313800002 ER PT J AU Baker-Austin, C Trinanes, J Gonzalez-Escalona, N Martinez-Urtaza, J AF Baker-Austin, Craig Trinanes, Joaquin Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime TI Non-Cholera Vibrios: The Microbial Barometer of Climate Change SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; UNITED-STATES; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS STRAINS; VULNIFICUS DISEASE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RAW OYSTERS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; MARYLAND; GASTROENTERITIS AB There is a growing interest in the role of climate change in driving the spread of waterborne infectious diseases, such as those caused by bacterial pathogens. One particular group of pathogenic bacteria - vibrios - are a globally important cause of diseases in humans and aquatic animals. These Gram-negative bacteria, including the species Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae, grow in warm, low-salinity waters, and their abundance in the natural environment mirrors ambient environmental temperatures. In a rapidly warming marine environment, there are greater numbers of human infections, and most notably outbreaks linked to extreme weather events such as heatwaves in temperate regions such as Northern Europe. Because the growth of pathogenic vibrios in the natural environment is largely dictated by temperature, we argue that this group of pathogens represents an important and tangible barometer of climate change in marine systems. We provide a number of specific examples of the impacts of climate change on this group of bacteria and their associated diseases, and discuss advanced strategies to improve our understanding of these emerging waterborne diseases through the integration of microbiological, genomic, epidemiological, climatic, and ocean sciences. C1 [Baker-Austin, Craig] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture CEFAS, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Trinanes, Joaquin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Lab Syst, Campus Univ Sur, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Trinanes, Joaquin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol] US FDA, Mol Methods & Subtyping Branch, Div Microbiol, Off Regulatory Sci,Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Milner Ctr Evolut, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Baker-Austin, C (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture CEFAS, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM craig.baker-austin@cefas.co.uk FU FDA Foods Program Intramural Funds; NOAA/OceanWatch; NOAA/AOML; Cefas Seedcorn funding; NERC project [NE/P004121/1] FX N. Gonzalez-Escalona was funded by the FDA Foods Program Intramural Funds, J. Trinanes was funded by NOAA/OceanWatch and NOAA/AOML, and C. Baker-Austin was funded by Cefas Seedcorn funding. We also acknowledge the NERC project (NE/P004121/1). NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X EI 1878-4380 J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 25 IS 1 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.008 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA EI2XI UT WOS:000392352500011 PM 27843109 ER PT J AU Levine, AFZ Jin, FF AF Levine, Aaron F. Z. Jin, Fei Fei TI A simple approach to quantifying the noise-ENSO interaction. Part I: deducing the state-dependency of the windstress forcing using monthly mean data SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Westerly wind bursts; Statedependent stochastic forcing ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY AB Stochastic forcing has been used conceptually to explain ENSO irregularity. More recently, the concept of state-dependent stochastic forcing has also been explored to further explain a number of ENSO properties. Here we propose a method using monthly mean data to isolate "the stochastic part" in the zonal windstress anomalies as the residual after both the linear and low-order nonlinear parts of the deterministic ENSO signal are removed. We then further use a conditional variance approach to quantify the ENSO state-dependency in this stochastic forcing represented by this windstress residual. This methodology of isolation and quantification of state-dependent stochastic forcing is demonstrated and validated in a conceptual model and then applied to examine reanalysis and two coupled model data sets. The stochastic windstress forcing term is shown to be dependent on the ENSO state both in the reanalysis and the model data. Both of the coupled model simulations examined here have a stronger the state-dependence than in the reanalysis data. These results also reveal a threshold dependence on SST for the windstress stochastic forcing of ENSO, likely due to the nonlinearity in atmospheric convection. C1 [Levine, Aaron F. Z.; Jin, Fei Fei] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Levine, AFZ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM aaron.levine@noaa.gov FU NSF [AGS-1034798]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0005110]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310200] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1034798, Department of Energy grant DE-SC0005110 and NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310200. The authors would like to express thanks to A. Timmermann and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions in improving this manuscript. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2748-1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI2HK UT WOS:000392307300001 ER PT J AU Candelaria, SL Bedford, NM Woehl, TJ Rentz, NS Showalter, AR Pylypenko, S Bunker, BA Lee, S Reinhart, B Ren, Y Ertem, SP Coughlin, EB Sather, NA Horan, JL Herring, AM Greenleette, LF AF Candelaria, Stephanie L. Bedford, Nicholas M. Woehl, Taylor J. Rentz, Nikki S. Showalter, Allison R. Pylypenko, Svitlana Bunker, Bruce A. Lee, Sungsik Reinhart, Benjamin Ren, Yang Ertem, S. Piril Coughlin, E. Bryan Sather, Nicholas A. Horan, James L. Herring, Andrew M. Greenleette, Lauren F. TI Multi-Component Fe-Ni Hydroxide Nanocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Methanol Oxidation Reactions under Alkaline Conditions SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electrocatalyst; nonprecious metal; core-shell nanoparticles; oxygen evolution reaction; alcohol oxidation; fuel cell ID TOTAL SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; NICKEL-OXIDE ELECTRODES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FUEL-CELLS; WATER OXIDATION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; REACTION ELECTROCATALYSTS; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION AB Iron-incorporated nickel-based materials show promise as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) half-reaction of water electrolysis. Nickel has also exhibited high catalytic activity for methanol oxidation, particularly when in the form of a bimetallic catalyst. In this work, bimetallic iron-nickel nanoparticles were synthesized using a multistep procedure in water under ambient conditions. When compared to monometallic iron and nickel nanoparticles, Fe-Ni nanoparticles show enhanced catalytic activity for both OER and methanol oxidation under alkaline conditions. At 1 mA/cm(2), the overpotential for monometallic iron and nickel nanoparticles was 421 and 476 mV, respectively, while the bimetallic Fe-Ni nanoparticles had a greatly reduced overpotential of 256 mV. At 10 mA/cm(2), bimetallic Fe-Ni nanoparticles had an overpotential of 311 mV. Spectroscopy characterization suggests that the primary phase of nickel in Fe-Ni nanoparticles is the more disordered alpha phase of nickel hydroxide. C1 [Candelaria, Stephanie L.; Bedford, Nicholas M.; Woehl, Taylor J.; Rentz, Nikki S.; Greenleette, Lauren F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Showalter, Allison R.; Bunker, Bruce A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Pylypenko, Svitlana] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lee, Sungsik; Reinhart, Benjamin; Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ertem, S. Piril; Coughlin, E. Bryan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sather, Nicholas A.; Horan, James L.; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sather, Nicholas A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Greenleette, Lauren F.] Univ Arkansas, Ralph E Martin Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Greenleette, LF (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Greenleette, LF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ralph E Martin Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM greenlee@uark.edu OI Ertem, S. Piril/0000-0001-5742-8831 FU NIST Nanomanufacturing Initiative through the NIST Nanoparticle Manufacturing Program; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1063150]; Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-11-1-0462] FX Funding for this research was provided by the NIST Nanomanufacturing Initiative through the NIST Nanoparticle Manufacturing Program. The authors would like to acknowledge Roy H. Geiss for TEM images of Fe NPs and Ni NPs (Supporting Information, Figure S1). ICP-MS measurements were performed at the Laboratory for Environmental and Geological Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder. XPS measurements were performed by Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Inc. in Golden, CO. XAFS and HE-XRD measurements were performed in 12-BM and 11-ID-C beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. N.S. acknowledges National Science Foundation award number DMR-1063150, REU Site: Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Renewable Energy. The authors also acknowledge Army Research Office MURI award W911NF-11-1-0462. NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 52 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 7 IS 1 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1021/acscatal.6b02552 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EH4ZU UT WOS:000391783200044 ER PT J AU Stouffer, RJ Eyring, V Meehl, GA Bony, S Senior, C Stevens, B Taylor, KE AF Stouffer, R. J. Eyring, V. Meehl, G. A. Bony, S. Senior, C. Stevens, B. Taylor, K. E. TI CMIP5 SCIENTIFIC GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CMIP6 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CLIMATE-CHANGE RESEARCH; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; CLOUDS; DESIGN AB The scientific gaps identified in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that guided the experiment for its next phase, CMIP6, are identified. C1 [Stouffer, R. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Meehl, G. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bony, S.] CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam, IPSL, Paris, France. [Senior, C.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Stevens, B.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Taylor, K. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RP Stouffer, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ronald.stouffer@noaa.gov RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013 OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475 FU French CNRS; German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); Max Planck Society; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) of the U.S. Department of Energy's Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program [DE-FC02-97ER62402, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; UK DECC/DEFRA Met Office Hadley Centre Programme [GA01101]; CNRS; UPMC; Labex L-IPSL [ANR-10-LABX-0018] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. National funding through the French CNRS, the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the Max Planck Society has also made important infrastructural contributions to the success of CMIP. Portions of this study were supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) of the U.S. Department of Energy's Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program through Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-97ER62402 to NCAR and under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 at LLNL), UK DECC/DEFRA Met Office Hadley Centre Programme (Grant GA01101) and CNRS, UPMC and Labex L-IPSL (Grant ANR-10-LABX-0018). NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00013.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6UW UT WOS:000391910400014 ER PT J AU Jensen, EJ Pfister, L Jordan, DE Bui, TV Ueyama, R Singh, HB Thornberry, TD Rollins, AW Gao, RS Fahey, DW Rosenlof, KH Elkins, JW Diskin, GS DiGangi, JP Lawson, RP Woods, S Atlas, EL Rodriguez, MAN Wofsy, SC Pittman, J Bardeen, CG Toon, OB Kindel, BC Newman, PA McGill, MJ Hlavka, DL Lait, LR Schoeberl, MR Bergman, JW Selkirk, HB Alexander, MJ Kim, JE Lim, BH Stutz, J Pfeilsticker, K AF Jensen, Eric J. Pfister, Leonhard Jordan, David E. Bui, Thaopaul V. Ueyama, Rei Singh, Hanwant B. Thornberry, Troy D. Rollins, Andrew W. Gao, Ru-Shan Fahey, David W. Rosenlof, Karen H. Elkins, James W. Diskin, Glenn S. DiGangi, Joshua P. Lawson, R. Paul Woods, Sarah Atlas, Elliot L. Rodriguez, Maria A. Navarro Wofsy, Steven C. Pittman, Jasna Bardeen, Charles G. Toon, Owen B. Kindel, Bruce C. Newman, Paul A. McGill, Matthew J. Hlavka, Dennis L. Lait, Leslie R. Schoeberl, Mark R. Bergman, John W. Selkirk, Henry B. Alexander, M. Joan Kim, Ji-Eun Lim, Boon H. Stutz, Jochen Pfeilsticker, Klaus TI THE NASA AIRBORNE TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE EXPERIMENT High-Altitude Aircraft Measurements in the Tropical Western Pacific SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOWER-STRATOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; UPPER-TROPOSPHERE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; DEHYDRATION; LAYER; WAVE AB We describe the Global Hawk flights and the measurements made during the NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) 2014 western Pacific campaign based in Guam. C1 [Jensen, Eric J.; Pfister, Leonhard; Jordan, David E.; Bui, Thaopaul V.; Ueyama, Rei; Singh, Hanwant B.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Thornberry, Troy D.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Gao, Ru-Shan; Fahey, David W.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Elkins, James W.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, Troy D.; Rollins, Andrew W.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.; DiGangi, Joshua P.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Lawson, R. Paul; Woods, Sarah] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Atlas, Elliot L.; Rodriguez, Maria A. Navarro] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.; Pittman, Jasna] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bardeen, Charles G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Toon, Owen B.; Kindel, Bruce C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Newman, Paul A.; McGill, Matthew J.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hlavka, Dennis L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lait, Leslie R.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Schoeberl, Mark R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Bergman, John W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Selkirk, Henry B.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Alexander, M. Joan; Kim, Ji-Eun] Colorado Res Associates Off, North West Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. [Lim, Boon H.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Pfeilsticker, Klaus] Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Jensen, EJ (reprint author), NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [PF 384 12/1] FX We thank the Global Hawk project managers, pilots, and crew. Without their hard work overcoming numerous challenges, collection of the excellent data described here would not have been possible. Additional funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Grant PF 384 12/1 in support of the DOAS measurements and data processing is acknowledged. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00263.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6UW UT WOS:000391910400016 ER PT J AU Vitart, F Ardilouze, C Bonet, A Brookshaw, A Chen, M Codorean, C Deque, M Ferranti, L Fucile, E Fuentes, M Hendon, H Hodgson, J Kang, HS Kumar, A Lin, H Liu, G Liu, X Malguzzi, P Mallas, I Manoussakis, M Mastrangelo, D MacLachlan, C McLean, P Minami, A Mladek, R Nakazawa, T Najm, S Nie, Y Rixen, M Robertson, AW Ruti, P Sun, C Takaya, Y Tolstykh, M Venuti, F Waliser, D Woolnough, S Wu, T Won, DJ Xiao, H Zaripov, R Zhang, L AF Vitart, F. Ardilouze, C. Bonet, A. Brookshaw, A. Chen, M. Codorean, C. Deque, M. Ferranti, L. Fucile, E. Fuentes, M. Hendon, H. Hodgson, J. Kang, H-S Kumar, A. Lin, H. Liu, G. Liu, X. Malguzzi, P. Mallas, I. Manoussakis, M. Mastrangelo, D. MacLachlan, C. McLean, P. Minami, A. Mladek, R. Nakazawa, T. Najm, S. Nie, Y. Rixen, M. Robertson, A. W. Ruti, P. Sun, C. Takaya, Y. Tolstykh, M. Venuti, F. Waliser, D. Woolnough, S. Wu, T. Won, D-J Xiao, H. Zaripov, R. Zhang, L. TI THE SUBSEASONAL TO SEASONAL (S2S) PREDICTION PROJECT DATABASE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; WEATHER FORECASTS; SIMULATION; ENSEMBLE; MANAGERS; IMPACTS; SYSTEM AB A database containing subseasonal to seasonal forecasts from II operational centers is available to the research community and will help advance our understanding of predictability at the subseasonal to seasonal time range. C1 [Vitart, F.; Bonet, A.; Brookshaw, A.; Codorean, C.; Ferranti, L.; Fucile, E.; Fuentes, M.; Mallas, I.; Manoussakis, M.; Mladek, R.; Najm, S.; Venuti, F.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Ardilouze, C.; Deque, M.] CNRM, Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Brookshaw, A.; MacLachlan, C.; McLean, P.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Chen, M.; Kumar, A.] NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. [Hendon, H.; Liu, G.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Hodgson, J.; Lin, H.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Kang, H-S; Nakazawa, T.; Won, D-J] Korea Meteorol Agcy, Seoul, South Korea. [Liu, X.; Nie, Y.; Sun, C.; Wu, T.; Xiao, H.; Zhang, L.] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Malguzzi, P.; Mastrangelo, D.] CNR, ISAC, Bologna, Italy. [Minami, A.; Takaya, Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Rixen, M.; Ruti, P.] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Robertson, A. W.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Tolstykh, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Waliser, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Woolnough, S.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Zaripov, R.] Hydrometeorol Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. RP Vitart, F (reprint author), ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. EM frederic.vitart@ecmwf.int OI Mastrangelo, Daniele/0000-0001-9438-5439 FU NASA; Russian Science Support Foundation [14-37-00053] FX Duane Waliser's contribution was carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute Of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The part of Mikhail Tolstykh's contribution (HMCR model diagnostics) was funded by the Russian Science Support Foundation (Grant 14-37-00053). The authors thank Gilbert Brunet and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments, which helped improve this manuscript. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 98 IS 1 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0017.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6UW UT WOS:000391910400018 ER PT J AU Levine, AFZ Jin, FF Stuecker, MF AF Levine, Aaron F. Z. Jin, Fei Fei Stuecker, Malte F. TI A simple approach to quantifying the noise-ENSO interaction. Part II: the role of coupling between the warm pool and equatorial zonal wind anomalies SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Westerly wind bursts; State-dependent stochastic forcing ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; 1997-98 EL-NINO; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS; COMBINATION-MODE; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ANNUAL CYCLE AB Stochastic forcing has been used conceptually to explain ENSO irregularity. More recently, the concept of state-dependent (multiplicative) stochastic forcing has been explored as an explanation of a number of ENSO properties. By calculating the state-dependence factor of ENSO zonal wind stress noise forcing on SST, we are able to separate the additive and multiplicative components of the wind stress noise forcing of ENSO. Spatially, the months with large additive or multiplicative components all resemble previous studies on westerly wind bursts. They differ from each other in that the wind stresses are significantly stronger during months with a large multiplicative noise component. It is further shown that when the multiplicative noise component is large, there have been large values of the wind stress noise in the preceding months. This is not true of the months when the additive component is large. The multi-month growth of the wind stress from the multiplicative noise process is shown to be related to an eastward migration of the western Pacific Warm Pool, which is coupled to the wind stress through convection. This process is shown to be significantly weakened in a climate model when the ocean and atmosphere are uncoupled. C1 [Levine, Aaron F. Z.; Jin, Fei Fei; Stuecker, Malte F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Levine, Aaron F. Z.] NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Levine, AFZ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Levine, AFZ (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM aaron.levine@noaa.gov OI Stuecker, Malte/0000-0001-8355-0662 FU NSF [AGS-1034798]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0005110]; NOAA [NA10OAR4310200] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1034798, Department of Energy Grant DE-SC0005110 and NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310200. The authors would like to express thanks to C. Karamperidou and A. Timmermann for their helpful discussions and three anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3268-3 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI2HK UT WOS:000392307300002 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hu, ZZ Jha, B Peng, PT AF Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen Jha, Bhaskar Peng, Peitao TI Estimating ENSO predictability based on multi-model hindcasts SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Predictability estimation; Multi-model hindcasts; NMME ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; PREDICTION SKILL; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEASONAL PREDICTION; VERSION 2; VARIABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; OCEAN AB Based on hindcasts of seasonal forecast systems participating in the North American Multi-Model Ensemble, the seasonal dependence of predictability of the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was estimated. The results were consistent with earlier analyses in that the predictability of ENSO was highest in winter and lowest in spring and summer. Further, predictability as measured by the relative amplitude of predictable and unpredictable components was dominated by the ensemble mean instead of the spread (or dispersion) among ensemble members. This result was consistent with previous analysis that most of ENSO predictability resides in the shift of the probability density function (PDF) of ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (i.e., changes in the first moment of the PDF that is associated with the ensemble mean of ENSO SST anomalies) rather than due to changes in the spread of the PDF. The analysis establishes our current best estimate of ENSO predictability that can serve as a benchmark for quantifying further improvements resulting from advances in observing, assimilation, and seasonal prediction systems. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Jha, Bhaskar; Peng, Peitao] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NOAA; NSF; NASA; DOE FX The NMME project and data dissemination is supported by NOAA, NSF, NASA and DOE. The help of NCEP, IRI and NCAR personnel in creating, updating and maintaining the NMME archive is acknowledged. All the data used in this paper are available at NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/NMME/). We appreciate constructive comments and suggestions from two reviewers as well as from our colleagues, Drs. Qin Zhang and Emily Becker, and their help in processing the NMME data. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any view or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3060-4 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI2HK UT WOS:000392307300003 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Kumar, A AF Chen, Mingyue Kumar, Arun TI The utility of seasonal hindcast database for the analysis of climate variability: an example SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Seasonal forecast system; Hindcasts; Seasonal means; Precipitation; Sea surface temperature; Climate variability ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; LA-NINA; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; TELECONNECTIONS; NONLINEARITY AB The purpose of this paper is to elucidate a potential use of the large samples of seasonal means that hindcasts provide for investigating different aspects of climate variability. This use of hindcasts complements their traditional uses in bias correction, real-time forecast calibration, and prediction skill assessment. For seasonal hindcast data from NCEP CFSv2 we show that a sample size 5208 for each target season is achievable. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed concept, we use this large sample dataset to illustrate how it could be used in documenting spatial variability in various moments of seasonal mean precipitation PDF over the US, and further, quantify nuances in the variations in precipitation PDF at different geographical locations with the amplitude of ENSO SSTs. It is our hope that analysis presented in this paper will accelerate utilization of seasonal hindcast datasets in furthering our understanding of different aspects of climate variability. With the advantage of the large sample size, we demonstrated that the precipitation PDF at the each grid of the CONUS can be represented by gamma distribution for a more concise and effective way to summarize precipitation variability. The availability of the large sample dataset also allowed us to analyze the statistical characteristic of the precipitation responses to the different amplitudes of ENSO SSTs. The results show that for strong warm events, enhancement in precipitation has larger amplitude than decrease in precipitation for cold events in the regions of Southern California and southeastern US. The variation of the precipitation signal over the other sub-regions including the southwestern US, mid-northwest, and mid-east shows more linear relationship with the ENSO SSTs. In response to anomalous ENSO SSTs, although the PDF of December-January-February seasonal mean precipitation anomaly is shifted from its climatological PDF, there is still a large overlap between precipitation PDFs for ENSO and its climatological counterpart. This uncertainty in seasonal mean outcomes of precipitation, therefore, limits the seasonal prediction skill. C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, CPC NCEP, RM 3011,W-NP52,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, CPC NCEP, RM 3011,W-NP52,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Mingyue.Chen@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3073-z PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI2HK UT WOS:000392307300015 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Vecchi, GA Villarini, G Murakami, H Rosati, A Yang, XS Jia, LW Zeng, FR AF Zhang, Wei Vecchi, Gabriel A. Villarini, Gabriele Murakami, Hiroyuki Rosati, Anthony Yang, Xiaosong Jia, Liwei Zeng, Fanrong TI Modulation of western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity by the Atlantic Meridional Mode SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone; Western North Pacific; Atlantic Meridional Mode ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TYPHOON ACTIVITY; POTENTIAL INDEX; OCEAN; ENSO; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION AB This study examines the year-to-year modulation of the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TC) activity by the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) using both observations and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Forecast-oriented Low Ocean Resolution Version of CM2.5 (FLOR) global coupled model. 1. The positive (negative) AMM phase suppresses (enhances) WNP TC activity in observations. The anomalous occurrence of WNP TCs results mainly from changes in TC genesis in the southeastern part of the WNP. 2. The observed responses of WNP TC activity to the AMM are connected to the anomalous zonal vertical wind shear (ZVWS) caused by AMM-induced changes to the Walker circulation. During the positive AMM phase, the warming in the North Atlantic induces strong descending flow in the tropical eastern and central Pacific, which intensifies the Walker cell in the WNP. The intensified Walker cell is responsible for the suppressed (enhanced) TC genesis in the eastern (western) part of the WNP by strengthening (weakening) ZVWS. 3. The observed WNPTC-AMM linkage is examined by the long-term control and idealized perturbations experiment with FLOR-FA. A suite of sensitivity experiments strongly corroborate the observed WNPTC-AMM linkage and underlying physical mechanisms. C1 [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Rosati, Anthony; Yang, Xiaosong; Jia, Liwei; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Zhang, W (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Zhang, W (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Zhang, W (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wei.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Zhang, Wei/0000-0001-8134-6908 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262091, AGS-1262099] FX The authors are grateful to Jim Kossin and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments that improve this paper. The authors thank Lakshmi Krishnamurthy and Honghai Zhang for their comments that improve an earlier version of this manuscript. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants AGS-1262091 and AGS-1262099. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 631 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3099-2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI2HK UT WOS:000392307300036 ER PT J AU Hales, B Suhrbier, A Waldbusser, GG Feely, RA Newton, JA AF Hales, Burke Suhrbier, Andy Waldbusser, George G. Feely, Richard A. Newton, Jan A. TI The Carbonate Chemistry of the "Fattening Line," Willapa Bay, 2011-2014 SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Estuarine carbonate chemistry; Oyster settlement; Ocean acidification ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; SURFACE OCEAN; COASTAL ZONE; WASHINGTON; ESTUARY; SYSTEM; OYSTER AB Willapa Bay has received a great deal of attention in the context of rising atmospheric CO2 and the concomitant effects of changes in bay carbonate chemistry, referred to as ocean acidification, and the potential effects on the bay's naturalized Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) population and iconic oyster farming industry. Competing environmental stressors, historical variability in the oyster settlement record, and the absence of adequate historical observations of bay-water carbonate chemistry all conspire to cast confusion regarding ocean acidification as the culprit for recent failures in oyster larval settlement. We present the first measurements of the aqueous CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) and the total dissolved carbonic acid (TCO2) at the "fattening line," a location in the bay that has been previously identified as optimal for both larval oyster retention and growth, and collocated with a long historical time series of larval settlement. Samples were collected from early 2011 through late 2014. These measurements allow the first rigorous characterization of Willapa Bay aragonite mineral saturation state (Omega(ar)), which has been shown to be of leading importance in determining the initial shell formation and growth of larval Crassostrea gigas. Observations show that the bay is usually below Omega(ar) levels that have been associated with poor oyster hatchery production and with chronic effects noted in experimental work. Bay water only briefly rises to favorable Omega(ar) levels and does so out of phase with optimal thermal conditions for spawning. Thermal and carbonate conditions are thus coincidentally favorable for early larval development for only a few weeks at a time each year. The limited concurrent exceedance of thermal and Omega(ar) thresholds suggests the likelihood of high variability in settlement success, as seen in the historical record; however, estimates of the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 suggest that pre-industrial Omega(ar) conditions were more persistently favorable for larval development and more broadly coincident with thermal optima. C1 [Hales, Burke; Waldbusser, George G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Suhrbier, Andy] Pacific Shellfish Inst, Olympia, WA USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Hales, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bhales@coas.oregonstate.edu OI Waldbusser, George/0000-0002-8334-580X FU NOAA [NA14NOS0120151, NA05OAR4311164, NA10OAR4310091, NA1INOSOI20036]; NSF [OCE-1041267]; State of Oregon funds [5008]; Washington Ocean Acidification Center; Water quality monitoring funds; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; Washington Ocean Acidification Center at the University of Washington; Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, NANOOS - NOAA [NA11NOS0120036]; US IOOS FX Grants to OSU supported BH (NOAA NA14NOS0120151, NA05OAR4311164, NA10OAR4310091, and NA1INOSOI20036; NSF OCE-1041267; and State of Oregon funds under House Bill 5008) and GGW(NSF OCE-1041267) in this work. Water quality monitoring funds supporting secured by Senator Maria Cantwell in 2010 to 2011 and in subsequent years by the Washington State Legislature through a contract from the Washington Ocean Acidification Center to the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association supported AS and the sample collection and analyses. RF was supported by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. JN acknowledges the support of the Washington Ocean Acidification Center at the University of Washington, and the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, NANOOS, which is supported by NOAA Award NA11NOS0120036 and part of US IOOS. Bruce Kaufman and Travis Haring of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife assisted with collection of carbon chemistry bottle samples. Two anonymous reviewers and R. Osman provided helpful comments on this manuscript. This is PMEL Contribution 4425. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0136-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EH0LX UT WOS:000391456600013 ER PT J AU Mayor, E Chigbu, P Pierson, J Kennedy, VS AF Mayor, Ejiroghene Chigbu, Paulinus Pierson, James Kennedy, Victor S. TI Composition, Abundance, and Life History of Mysids (Crustacea: Mysida) in the Coastal Lagoons of MD, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Mysids; Neomysis americana; Abundance; Life history; Maryland coastal lagoons ID NEOMYSIS-AMERICANA SMITH; WESTERSCHELDE ESTUARY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; MYSIDOPSIS-BAHIA; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; MARINE MYSIDS; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; BAY AB The composition, abundance, biomass, and life history of mysid species were investigated and described for the first time in the Maryland Coastal Bays (38A degrees N, 75A degrees W), Mid-Western Atlantic, using data collected from 2010 to 2013. Three species of mysids were collected, with Neomysis americana being the most abundant species (maximum mean abundance 6.7 +/- 6.4 numbers (nos.) m(-2) in July 2013 and biomass 2.78 +/- 2.76-mg dry weight (DW) m(-2) in July 2012). Americamysis bahia was the second most abundant species (maximum mean abundance: 0.7 +/- 0.4 nos. m(-2) and biomass: 0.23 +/- 0.14 mg DW m(-2) in March 2012). Metamysidopsis swifti made up 0.02 to 2 % of mysids and were found in samples collected mainly from southern Chincoteague Bay close to that Bay's inlet in the fall of 2012. The two most abundant mysid species reproduced continuously from March to July (Neomysis) and May to October (Americamysis). N. americana had larger body and brood sizes than A. bahia. Mysids were relatively low in abundance in late summer, a period of relatively high biomass of fish predators, than during other seasons, suggesting that intense predation might be controlling their abundance. The increase in mysid abundance in the fall following their disappearance in late summer without evidence of reproductive activities suggests species migration from coastal waters into the Maryland Coastal Bays. This annual mysid subsidy perhaps helps to sustain their populations within the bays. C1 [Mayor, Ejiroghene; Chigbu, Paulinus] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NSF CREST Ctr Integrated Study Coastal Ecosyst Pr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Mayor, Ejiroghene; Chigbu, Paulinus] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Pierson, James; Kennedy, Victor S.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Chigbu, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NSF CREST Ctr Integrated Study Coastal Ecosyst Pr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.; Chigbu, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM pchigbu@umes.edu RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008; Kennedy, Victor/D-5854-2012 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850; FU National Science Foundation CREST grant; NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center FX This project was funded by National Science Foundation CREST grant to the Center for the Integrated Study of Coastal Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics in the Mid-Atlantic region at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and in part by the NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center. Special appreciation goes to the boat Captain, Chris Daniels, for assistance with sampling. We also thank Chinwe Otuya, Addis Bedane, and Kennard Roy for assistance on the field and in the lab at various times during this project. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s12237-016-0131-z PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EH0LX UT WOS:000391456600017 ER PT J AU Wu, JC Martin, AF Greenberg, CS Kacker, RN AF Wu, Jin Chu Martin, Alvin F. Greenberg, Craig S. Kacker, Raghu N. TI The Impact of Data Dependence on Speaker Recognition Evaluation SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Bootstrap; data dependence; multinomial probability; resampling; speaker recognition; standard error (SE) ID ROC ANALYSIS; FINGERPRINT DATA; SAMPLE-SIZE; VERIFICATION; BOOTSTRAP; ERROR; NIST; SYSTEMS; CURVE AB The data dependence due to multiple use of the same subjects has impact on the standard error (SE) of the detection cost function (DCF) in speaker recognition evaluation. The DCF is defined as a weighted sum of the probabilities of type I and type II errors at a given threshold. A two-layer data structure is constructed: Target scores are grouped into target sets based on the dependence, and likewise for non-target scores. On account of the needed equal probabilities for scores being selected when resampling, target sets must contain the same number of target scores, and so must non-target sets. In addition to the bootstrap method with i.i.d. assumption, the nonparametric two-sample one-layer and two-layer bootstrap methods are carried out based on whether the resampling takes place only on sets, or subsequently on scores within the sets. Due to the stochastic nature of the bootstrap, the distributions of the SEs of the DCF estimated using the three different bootstrap methods are created and compared. After performing hypothesis testing, it is found that data dependence increases not only the SE but also the variation of the SE, and the two-layer bootstrap is more conservative than the one-layer bootstrap. The rationale regarding the different impacts of the three bootstrap methods on the estimated SEs is investigated. C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.; Greenberg, Craig S.; Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jinchu.wu@nist.gov; alvin.martin@nist.gov; craig.greenberg@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2329-9290 J9 IEEE-ACM T AUDIO SPE JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 25 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1109/TASLP.2016.2614725 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA EH0YZ UT WOS:000391491700001 ER PT J AU Jin, SH Wang, S Li, XF Jiao, LC Zhang, JA Shen, DL AF Jin, Shaohui Wang, Shuang Li, Xiaofeng Jiao, Licheng Zhang, Jun A. Shen, Dongliang TI A Salient Region Detection and Pattern Matching-Based Algorithm for Center Detection of a Partially Covered Tropical Cyclone in a SAR Image SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA); pattern matching; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); tropical cyclone ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; VISUAL-ATTENTION; SEA-SURFACE; MODEL; NETWORKS; OCEAN AB Spaceborne microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR), with its high spatial resolution, large area coverage, day/night imaging capability, and penetrating cloud capability, has been used as an important tool for tropical cyclone monitoring. The accuracy of locating tropical cyclone centers has a large impact on the accuracy of tropical cyclone track prediction. Usually, the center of a tropical cyclone can be accurately located if the tropical cyclone eye is fully covered by a SAR image. In some cases, due to the limited coverage of the SAR, only a part of a tropical cyclone can be imaged without the eye. From a SAR image processing point of view, these facts make the automatic center location of tropical cyclones a challenging work. This paper addresses the problem by proposing a semiautomatic center location method based on salient region detection and pattern matching. A salient region detection algorithm is proposed, in which the salient region map contains mainly the rain bands of a tropical cyclone in a SAR image. The pattern matching problem is transformed into an optimization problem solved by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to search the best estimated center of a tropical cyclone. To estimate the accuracy of the located center, we compare the results with the NOAA National Hurricane Center's best track data. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good accuracy for locating the centers of tropical cyclones from SAR images that do not contain a distinguishable eye signature. C1 [Jin, Shaohui; Wang, Shuang; Jiao, Licheng] Xidian Univ, Int Res Ctr Intelligent Percept & Computat, Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding, Minist Educ, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shen, Dongliang] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201319, Peoples R China. [Shen, Dongliang] Coastal Carolina Univ, Sch Coastal & Marine Syst Sci, Conway, SC 29526 USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Xidian Univ, Int Res Ctr Intelligent Percept & Computat, Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding, Minist Educ, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. EM shwang@mail.xidian.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41228007, 41201350, 61173092, 61003198]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-11-0692]; Fund for Foreign Scholars in University Research and Teaching Programs [B07048] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41228007, Grant 41201350, Grant 61173092, and Grant 61003198; by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University under Grant NCET-11-0692; and by the Fund for Foreign Scholars in University Research and Teaching Programs under Grant B07048. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2605766 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EH1LJ UT WOS:000391527900023 ER PT J AU Egido, A Smith, WHF AF Egido, Alejandro Smith, Walter H. F. TI Fully Focused SAR Altimetry: Theory and Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Altimetry; delay/Doppler altimetry; SAR altimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID RADAR ALTIMETRY; WAVE-FORMS; CRYOSAT-2; PRECISION; TRACKING; MISSION; SURFACE; VOLUME AB In this paper, we introduce the concept, develop the theory, and demonstrate the advantages of fully focused coherent processing of pulse echoes from a nadir-looking pulse-limited radar altimeter. This process, similar to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging systems, reduces the along-track resolution down to the theoretical limit equal to half the antenna length. We call this the fully focused SAR (FF-SAR) altimetry processing. The technique is directly applicable to SAR altimetry missions such as CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3, or Sentinel-6/Jason-CS. The footprint of an FF-SAR altimeter measurement is a narrow strip on the surface, which is pulse limited across track and SAR focused along track. Despite the asymmetry of the altimeter footprint, the fully focused technique may be useful for applications in which one needs to separate specific targets within highly heterogeneous scenes, such as in the case of sea ice lead detection, hydrology, and coastal altimetry applications. In addition, over rough homogeneous surfaces, such as the ocean or ice sheets, the improved multilooking capability of FF-SAR leads to a significant increase in the effective number of looks with respect to the delay/Doppler processing, resulting in better geophysical parameter estimation. The proposed processing technique was verified by processing full bit rate CryoSat-2 SAR mode data over the Svalbard transponder. Hydrology, sea ice, and open ocean applications are also demonstrated in this paper, showing the improvement of this technique with respect to conventional and delay/Doppler altimetry. C1 [Egido, Alejandro] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Egido, Alejandro; Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Egido, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM alejandro.egido@noaa.gov; walter.hf.smith@noaa.gov RI Egido, Alejandro/J-3362-2016; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Egido, Alejandro/0000-0003-1489-727X; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA14NES4320003] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA14NES4320003. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 392 EP 406 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2607122 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EH1LJ UT WOS:000391527900031 ER PT J AU Cao, Q Knight, M Ryzhkov, AV Zhang, PF Lawrence, NE AF Cao, Qing Knight, Michael Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Zhang, Pengfei Lawrence, Norman E., III TI Differential Phase Calibration of Linearly Polarized Weather Radars With Simultaneous Transmission/Reception for Estimation of Circular Depolarization Ratio SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; circular polarization; phase measurement; polarimetric radar ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; BAND RADAR; RAIN; MODE; REFLECTIVITY AB The circular depolarization ratio (CDR) measurement recently regained great interest among radar meteorologists because of its significant potential for detection and quantification of hydrometeors above the melting layer. An innovative CDR estimator has recently been proposed by Ryzhkov et al. for a linearly polarized weather radar (LPWR) with simultaneous transmission and reception of the waves with horizontal and vertical polarizations (SHV), a popular operational radar configuration for most national weather radar networks. The key for efficient implementation of CDR estimator in LPWR is the accurate calibration of the system differential phase upon transmission in the SHV mode of operation. The Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) recently has proposed a novel calibration method, which facilitates the implementation of the CDR measurement in LPWR. The paper addresses the details of the proposed calibration method. The measurements by the EEC C-band in-house polarimetric radar illustrate reliable performance of the proposed calibration method for CDR measurement, paving the way for a wide use of CDR to reveal important microphysical features of the storms. C1 [Cao, Qing; Knight, Michael; Lawrence, Norman E., III] Enterprise Elect Corp, Enterprise, AL 36330 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Cao, Q (reprint author), Enterprise Elect Corp, Enterprise, AL 36330 USA. EM qing.cao@eecweathertech.com; Mike.Knight@eecweathertech.com; Alexander.Ryzhkov@noaa.gov; pengfei.zhang@noaa.gov; Ed.Lawrence@eecweathertech.com FU National Oceanic and Atmoshpheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research through NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072] FX The work of A. V. Ryzhkov and P. Zhang was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmoshpheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research through the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement under Grant NA11OAR4320072. (Corresponding author: Qing Cao). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2609421 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EH1LJ UT WOS:000391527900039 ER PT J AU Bao, SW Li, XF Shen, DL Yang, ZZ Pietrafesa, LJ Zheng, WZ AF Bao, Shaowu Li, Xiaofeng Shen, Dongliang Yang, Zizang Pietrafesa, Leonard J. Zheng, Weizhong TI Ocean Upwelling Along the Yellow Sea Coast of China Revealed by Satellite Observations and Numerical Simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; satellite application; sea surface; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); temperature ID APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; MODELING SYSTEM; PARAMETERIZATION; TOPOGRAPHY; EXPLICIT; SURFACE; SHELF AB Satellite observations reveal that an ocean cooling event happened along the Yellow Sea coast of China intermittently in spring 2008, which lasted for days. During this period, the sea surface temperature (SST) dropped 3 degrees C-4 degrees C and the chlorophyll A (Chl-a) content increased by 0.5-1 mg/m(3), as determined from satellite-derived products. The cold water also suppressed the sea surface capillary waves and made the ocean surface smooth, a distinct feature shown as dark patches observed in the synthetic aperture radar image acquired during this period of time. The surface wind direction varied between alongshore and offshore. We implemented an interactively coupled ocean (regional ocean modeling system) and atmosphere (Weather Research and Forecasting model) model to capture the dynamical processes of this seemingly wind-driven cooling event. When the wind changed direction such that the alongshore component blew with the land on its left side, stronger upwelling occurred; and when the wind blew offshore with no alongshore component, the upwelling still occurred in this area, but with less strength. Two simulations with idealized alongshore and offshore winds show that the upwelling can be set up within several hours. The alongshore wind is more effective than the offshore wind in transporting upper level water offshore and triggering upwelling and causing SST cooling areas that are relatively large in size, although the maximum SST cooling they cause is on the same order of magnitude. C1 [Bao, Shaowu; Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20770 USA. [Shen, Dongliang] Coastal Carolina Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Yang, Zizang] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20770 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment computation facility through the National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575] FX This work was supported by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment computation facility through the National Science Foundation under Grant ACI-1053575. (Corresponding author: Xiaofeng Li.) NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 526 EP 536 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2610761 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EH1LJ UT WOS:000391527900041 ER PT J AU Karnauskas, KB Johnson, GC Murtugudde, R AF Karnauskas, Kristopher B. Johnson, Gregory C. Murtugudde, Raghu TI On the climate impacts of atolls in the central equatorial Pacific SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pacific; islands; salinity; oceanography; climate; modeling ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; WARM POOL; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; COUPLED MODELS; COLD-TONGUE; OCEAN; ENSO; DISPLACEMENTS AB Contrary to the above title, a more typical question might be 'How does climate variability and change impact atolls (and associated ecosystems and civilizations)?' While several studies have focused on the effects of island topography on local circulation, equatorial currents and their dynamics play a vital role in the tropical heat balance and therefore global climate through atmospheric teleconnections. The Gilbert Islands, which straddle the equator in the western Pacific, block 55% of the corridor between 2 degrees S and 2 degrees N. Here we explore the potential role of relatively small open-ocean topographic features, in particular equatorial atolls such as the Gilbert Islands, on the large-scale climate system. Observations and high-resolution ocean model simulations spanning the full width of the Pacific basin indicate that, whereas the Gilbert Islands have only a local impact on the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), the South Equatorial Current (SEC) is substantially reduced downstream of the islands, resulting in a surface warming and freshening over a similar to 1000-km wide region along the sharp temperature and salinity front defining the eastern edge of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP), the heat engine that is a critical player in global climate processes. The simulated mean thermohaline structure in the central and western Pacific, which has previously been shown to be crucial for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, is improved by including the Gilbert Islands. Implications for coupled model biases, ENSO simulation and paleoclimate are discussed. C1 [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Karnauskas, Kristopher B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. [Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.; Karnauskas, KB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kristopher.karnauskas@colorado.edu FU NSF Biological Oceanography [1031971]; NSF Physical Oceanography [1233282]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NOAA Research; NOAA Climate Observations Division FX KBK was supported by NSF Biological Oceanography (grant 1031971), NSF Physical Oceanography (grant 1233282), and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. GO acknowledges support by NOAA Research and the NOAA Climate Observations Division. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) code, including the ROMSTOOLS MATLAB toolbox, was generously provided by L'Institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD) on their web site (http://roms.mpl.ird.fr). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 37 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1002/joc.4697 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3TY UT WOS:000392415700015 ER PT J AU Betten, DP Biggerstaff, MI Wicker, LJ AF Betten, Daniel P. Biggerstaff, Michael I. Wicker, Louis J. TI A Trajectory Mapping Technique for the Visualization and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flow in Supercell Storms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; LOW-LEVEL ROTATION; PART I; MESOCYCLONE EVOLUTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PHASED-ARRAY; THUNDERSTORM; TORNADOGENESIS; RADAR; ELECTRIFICATION AB A visualization technique that allows simultaneous spatial analysis of complex flow behavior from thousands of Lagrangian trajectories is presented and tested using a high temporal and spatial resolution cloud model. The utility of the trajectory mapping technique is illustrated by showing that the source height of the air trajectories is a good proxy to themodel-derived equivalent potential temperature. Moreover, the history of the forcing of vertical momentum is related to instantaneous vertical motion patterns shown to be elucidated in the trajectory mapping framework. The robustness of the trajectory mapping method was evaluated by integrating tendency terms and comparing Lagrangian-derived quantities to instantaneous values in the model. The original trajectory maps were also compared to those where the original fields have been filtered and/or the available data frequency are limited to the spatial and temporal scales typical of research radar datasets. The trajectory mapping method was applied to a supercell observed on 29 May 2004 to demonstrate that trajectory behavior for the observed case compares well to those from the higher-resolution numerical model output. C1 [Betten, Daniel P.; Biggerstaff, Michael I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Betten, DP (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM danbetten@ou.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-1063537] FX We thank George Bryan for providing the CM1 model, and Conrad Ziegler, Daniel Dawson, and Brett Roberts for the insightful conversations. Support for this research was provided by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-1063537. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 49 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0043.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH5PW UT WOS:000391826300004 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Warde, DA AF Torres, Sebastian M. Warde, David A. TI Staggered-PRT Sequences for Doppler Weather Radars. Part I: Spectral Analysis Using the Autocorrelation Spectral Density SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY AMBIGUITY MITIGATION; RANGE; WSR-88D; NETWORK; SCHEME; PULSE AB The autocorrelation spectral density (ASD) was introduced as a generalization of the classical periodogram-based power spectral density (PSD) and as an alternative tool for spectral analysis of uniformly sampled weather radar signals. In this paper, the ASD is applied to staggered pulse repetition time (PRT) sequences and is related to both the PSD and the ASD of the underlying uniform-PRT sequence. An unbiased autocorrelation estimator based on the ASD is introduced for use with staggered-PRT sequences when spectral processing is required. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the ASD for spectral analysis of staggered-PRT sequences are illustrated using simulated and real data. C1 [Torres, Sebastian M.; Warde, David A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0071.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH5PW UT WOS:000391826300005 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Characteristic Raindrop Size Retrievals from Measurements of Differences in Vertical Doppler Velocities at Ka- and W-Band Radar Frequencies SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-BAND; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISDROMETER AB A Ka-band (similar to 35 GHz) and W-band (similar to 94 GHz) radar approach to retrieve profiles of characteristic raindrop sizes, such as mean mass-weighted drop diameters D-m, from measurements of the difference in the mean vertical Doppler velocities (DDV) is analyzed. This retrieval approach is insensitive to radar calibration errors, vertical air motions, and attenuation effects. The D-m-DDV relations are derived using long-term measurements of drop size distributions (DSDs) from different observational sites and do not assume a functional DSD shape. Unambiguous retrievals using this approach are shown to be available in the D-m range of approximately 0.5-2 mm, with average uncertainties of around 21%. Potential retrieval ambiguities occurring when larger drop populations exist can be avoided by using a Ka-band vertical Doppler velocity threshold. The performance of the retrievals is illustrated using a long predominantly stratiform rain event observed at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains site. An intercomparison of DDV-based estimates of characteristic raindrop sizes with independent estimates available from ground-based disdrometer measurements reveal good agreement, with a correlation coefficient of 0.88, and mean differences between radar and disdrometer-based D-m of approximately 14% for the entire range of unambiguous retrievals. The Ka-W-band DDV method to retrieve mean mass-weighted drop sizes is applicable to measurements from new dual-wavelength ARM cloud radars that are being deployed at a variety of observational facilities. An illustration for the retrievals at the Oliktok Point ARM facility is also given. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Systems Research Program [DE-SC0013306] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Systems Research Program under Award DE-SC0013306. ARM data are available from www.archive.arm.gov. Discussions with G. de Boer and C. Williams are acknowledged. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0181.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH5PW UT WOS:000391826300006 ER PT J AU Schvartzman, D Torres, S Yu, TY AF Schvartzman, David Torres, Sebastian Yu, Tian-You TI Weather Radar Spatiotemporal Saliency: A First Look at an Information Theory-Based Human Attention Model Adapted to Reflectivity Images SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; VISUAL-ATTENTION; SEVERE STORMS; SURVEILLANCE; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; FILTERS AB Forecasters often monitor and analyze large amounts of data, especially during severe weather events, which can be overwhelming. Thus, it is important to effectively allocate their finite perceptual and cognitive resources for the most relevant information. This paper introduces a novel analysis tool that quantifies the amount of spatial and temporal information in time series of constant-elevation weather radar reflectivity images. The proposed Weather Radar Spatiotemporal Saliency (WR-STS) is based on the mathematical model of the human attention system (referred to as saliency) adapted to radar reflectivity images and makes use of information theory concepts. It is shown that WR-STS highlights spatially and temporally salient (attention attracting) regions in weather radar reflectivity images, which can be associated with meteorologically important regions. Its skill in highlighting current regions of interest is assessed by analyzing the WR-STS values within regions in which severe weather is likely to strike in the near future as defined by National Weather Service forecasters. The performance of WR-STS is demonstrated for a severe weather case and analyzed for a set of 10 diverse cases. Results support the hypothesis that WR-STS can identify regions with meteorologically important echoes and could assist in discerning fast-changing, highly structured weather echoes during complex severe weather scenarios, ultimately allowing forecasters to focus their attention and spend more time analyzing those regions. C1 [Schvartzman, David; Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schvartzman, David; Torres, Sebastian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schvartzman, D (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Schvartzman, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM david.schvartzman@noaa.gov OI Schvartzman, David/0000-0002-7490-4809 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Donald Burgess and Katie Bowden for providing comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0092.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH5PW UT WOS:000391826300010 ER PT J AU Yu, HZ Wang, HL Meng, ZY Mu, M Huang, XY Zhang, X AF Yu, Huizhen Wang, Hongli Meng, Zhiyong Mu, Mu Huang, Xiang-Yu Zhang, Xin TI A WRF-Based Tool for Forecast Sensitivity to the Initial Perturbation: The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations versus the First Singular Vector Method and Comparison to MM5 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTS; TYPHOON TRACK FORECASTS; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; DROPWINDSONDE DATA; WEATHER RESEARCH; STEERING VECTOR; IMPACT; PACIFIC; ADJOINT AB A forecast sensitivity to initial perturbation (FSIP) analysis tool for the WRF Model was developed. The tool includes two modules respectively based on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method and the first singular vector (FSV) method. The FSIP tool can be used to identify regions of sensitivity for targeted observation research and important influential weather systems for a given forecast metric. This paper compares the performance of the FSIP tool to its MM5 counterpart, and demonstrates how CNOP, local CNOP (a kind of conditional nonlinear suboptimal perturbation), and FSV were detected using their evolutions of cost function. The column-integrated features of the perturbations were generally similar between the two models. More significant differences were apparent in the details of their vertical distribution. With Typhoon Matsa (2005) in the western North Pacific and a winter storm in the United States (2000) as validation cases, this work examined the tool's capability to identify sensitive regions for targeted observation and to investigate important influential weather systems. The location and pattern of the sensitive areas identified by CNOP, local CNOP, and FSV were quite similar for both the Typhoon Matsa case and the winter storm case. The main differences were mainly in their impact on the growth of forecast difference and the details of their vertical distributions. For both cases, the wind observations might be more important than temperature observations. The results also showed that local CNOP was more capable of capturing the influence of important weather systems on the forecast of total dry energy in the verification area. C1 [Yu, Huizhen; Meng, Zhiyong] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yu, Huizhen] Qingdao Meteorol Bur, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wang, Hongli] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mu, Mu] Fudan Univ, Inst Atmospher Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xiang-Yu] Ctr Climate Res Singapore, Meteorol Serv Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Zhang, Xin] IBM Res China, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Meng, ZY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zymeng@pku.edu.cn RI Meng, Zhiyong/K-8351-2012 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2013CB430104]; China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201306004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375048, 41425018, 41461164006]; "111-Plan" Project of China [B17049] FX This work was partially supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China (HY and ZM; Grant 2013CB430104), the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (HY and ZM; Grant GYHY201306004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (HY and ZM; Grants 41375048, 41425018, 41461164006), and the "111-Plan" Project of China (Grant B17049). The authors also thank Yuanfu Xie for the discussion regarding the optimization algorithm, and Ke Zhong and Jianyu Liu for their help in developing some IO interfaces in the FSIP tool. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 187 EP 206 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0183.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH5PW UT WOS:000391826300013 ER PT J AU Jasperson, LV McDougal, RJ Diky, V Paulechka, E Chirico, RD Kroenlein, K Iisa, K Dutta, A AF Jasperson, Louis V. McDougal, Rubin J. Diky, Vladimir Paulechka, Eugene Chirico, Robert D. Kroenlein, Kenneth Iisa, Kristiina Dutta, Abhijit TI Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Measurements for Model Systems Related to Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED UNIFAC DORTMUND; SCREENING MODEL; COSMO-RS; REAL SOLVENTS; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; SOLVATION; REVISION; OPPORTUNITIES; HYDROCARBONS AB We report liquid-liquid mutual solubilities for binary aqueous mixtures involving 2-, 3-, and 4-ethylphenol, 2-, 3-, and 4-methoxyphenol, benzofuran, and 1H-indene for the temperature range (300 < T/K < 360). Measurements in the water rich phase for (2-ethylphenol + water) and (4-ethylphenol + water) were extended to T = 440 K and T = 380 K, respectively, to facilitate comparison with literature values. Liquid liquid equilibrium tie-line determinations were made for four ternary systems involving (water + toluene) mixed with a third component: phenol, 3-ethylphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, or 2,4-dimethylphenol. Literature values at higher temperatures are available for the three (ethylphenol + water) systems, and in general, good agreement is seen. The ternary system (water + toluene + phenol) has been studied previously with inconsistent results reported in the literature, and one report is shown to be anomalous. All systems are modeled with the predictive methods NIST-modified-UNIFAC and NIST-COSMO-SAC, with generally good success (i.e., within 0.05 mole fraction) in the temperature range of interest (300 < T/K < 360). This work is part of a larger project on the testing and development of predictive phase equilibrium models for compound types occurring in catalytic fast,pyrolysis of biomass, and background information for that project is provided. C1 [Jasperson, Louis V.; McDougal, Rubin J.] Wiltec Res Co, 488 S 500 W, Provo, UT 84601 USA. [Diky, Vladimir; Paulechka, Eugene; Chirico, Robert D.; Kroenlein, Kenneth] NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iisa, Kristiina; Dutta, Abhijit] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jasperson, LV (reprint author), Wiltec Res Co, 488 S 500 W, Provo, UT 84601 USA.; Kroenlein, K (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Dutta, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jasperlv@wiltecresearch.com; kenneth.kroenlein@nist.gov; abhijit.dutta@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Funding provided by U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.6b00625 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA EH8PR UT WOS:000392035300028 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Beall, CE Tolbert, AE Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Beall, Casey E. Tolbert, Audrey E. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI The Use of Antioxidants to Improve Vapor Pressure Measurements on Compounds with Oxidative Instability: Methyl Oleate with tert-Butylhydroquinone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS; N-ALKANES; TRANSPIRATION METHOD; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STORAGE STABILITY; BIODIESEL; ESTERS; TEMPERATURES AB The vapor pressure (p(sat)) of methyl oleate was measured with and without the addition of 0.2 mass % of the antioxidant, stabilizer tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). The measurements were made by the gas saturation method with a temperature range of 303.15-343.15 K. In the absence of TBHQ, oxidative decomposition severely compromised the measurements, as evidenced by dramatic decreases in the measured psat for repeat measurements at 323.15 K. When combined with a room-temperature N-2 flush of the apparatus, the addition of 0.2 mass % TBHQ limited the decomposition to insignificant levels and resulted in repeatable measurements of P-sat. Simultaneous measurements on the control sample n-eicosane (C20H42) yielded values of p(sat) that were in excellent agreement with reference correlations. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Beall, Casey E.; Tolbert, Audrey E.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Widegren, JA (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.widegren@nist.gov NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 2017 VL 62 IS 1 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1021/acs.jced.6b00821 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA EH8PR UT WOS:000392035300060 ER PT J AU Kumar, BP Cronin, MF Joseph, S Ravichandran, M Sureshkumar, N AF Kumar, B. Praveen Cronin, Meghan F. Joseph, Sudheer Ravichandran, M. Sureshkumar, N. TI Latent Heat Flux Sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature: Regional Perspectives SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; EVAPORATION MINIMUM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUMMER MONSOON; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; MODEL; BENGAL AB A global analysis of latent heat flux (LHF) sensitivity to sea surface temperature (SST) is performed, with focus on the tropics and the north Indian Ocean (NIO). Sensitivity of LHF state variables (surface wind speed W-s and vertical humidity gradients Delta q) to SST give rise to mutually interacting dynamical (W-s driven) and thermodynamical (Delta q driven) coupled feedbacks. Generally, LHF sensitivity to SST is pronounced over tropics where SST increase causes W-s (Delta q) changes, resulting in a maximum decrease (increase) of LHF by similar to 15 W m(-2) (degrees C)(-1). But the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and north Arabian Sea (NAS) remain an exception that is opposite to the global feedback relationship. This uniqueness is attributed to strong seasonality in monsoon W-s and Delta q variations, which brings in warm (cold) continental air mass into the BoB and NAS during summer (winter), producing a large seasonal cycle in air-sea temperature difference Delta T (and hence in Delta q). In other tropical oceans, surface air is mostly of marine origin and blo W-s from colder to warmer waters, resulting in a constant Delta T similar to 1 degrees C throughout the year, and hence a constant Delta q. Thus, unlike other basins, when the BoB and NAS are warming, air temperature warms faster than SST. The resultant decrease in Delta T and Delta q contributes to decrease the LHF with increased SST, contrary to other basins. This analysis suggests that, in the NIO, LHF variability is largely controlled by thermodynamic processes, which peak during the monsoon period. These observed LHF sensitivities are then used to speculate how the surface energetics and coupled feedbacks may change in a warmer world. C1 [Kumar, B. Praveen; Joseph, Sudheer; Ravichandran, M.; Sureshkumar, N.] ESSO Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kumar, BP (reprint author), Ocean Valley, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Modelling & Ocean Observat Grp, Hyderabad 500090, Telangana, India. EM praveen.b@incois.gov.in FU Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India FX The authors are grateful to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their time and constructive comments, which helped us to improve an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank the director, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), for encouragement and Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, for financial support. We also thank OAFlux and NCEP-NCAR projects for providing the datasets. Discussion with Jerome Vialard (LOCEAN/IRD, Paris) helped to improve the article. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 129 EP 143 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0285.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AW UT WOS:000391855700009 ER PT J AU Murakami, H Vecchi, GA Delworth, TL Wittenberg, AT Underwood, S Gudgel, R Yang, XS Jia, LW Zeng, FR Paffendorf, K Zhang, W AF Murakami, Hiroyuki Vecchi, Gabriel A. Delworth, Thomas L. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Underwood, Seth Gudgel, Richard Yang, Xiaosong Jia, Liwei Zeng, Fanrong Paffendorf, Karen Zhang, Wei TI Dominant Role of Subtropical Pacific Warming in Extreme Eastern Pacific Hurricane Seasons: 2015 and the Future SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; NORTH PACIFIC; DATA ASSIMILATION; EL-NINO; PART II; OCEAN; SIMULATION; ENSO AB The 2015 hurricane season in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean (EPO and CPO), particularly around Hawaii, was extremely active, including a record number of tropical cyclones (TCs) and the first instance of three simultaneous category-4 hurricanes in the EPO and CPO. A strong El Nino developed during the 2015 boreal summer season and was attributed by some to be the cause of the extreme number of TCs. However, according to a suite of targeted high-resolution model experiments, the extreme 2015 EPO and CPO hurricane season was not primarily induced by the 2015 El Nino tropical Pacific warming, but by warming in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. This warming is not typical of El Nino, but rather of the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) superimposed on long-term anthropogenic warming. Although the likelihood of such an extreme year depends on the phase of natural variability, the coupled GCM projects an increase in the frequency of such extremely active TC years over the next few decades for EPO, CPO, and Hawaii as a result of enhanced subtropical Pacific warming from anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. C1 [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Gudgel, Richard; Jia, Liwei; Zeng, Fanrong; Paffendorf, Karen; Zhang, Wei] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Jia, Liwei; Paffendorf, Karen; Zhang, Wei] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Underwood, Seth] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Murakami, H (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hir.murakami@gmail.com RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830101] FX The authors thank Dr. Shukuro Manabe, Dr. Thomas R. Knutson, and Dr. Nathaniel Johnson for their suggestions and comments. This report was prepared by HM under Award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 243 EP 264 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0424.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AW UT WOS:000391855700015 ER PT J AU Khouakhi, A Villarini, G Vecchi, GA AF Khouakhi, Abdou Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to Rainfall at the Global Scale SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MULTISATELLITE PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; AUSTRALIA; ENSO; SIMULATION; HURRICANES; SATELLITE AB This study quantifies the relative contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to annual, seasonal, and extreme rainfall and examines the connection between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the occurrence of extreme TC-induced rainfall across the globe. The authors use historical 6-h best-track TC datasets and daily precipitation data from 18 607 global rain gauges with at least 25 complete years of data between 1970 and 2014. The highest TC-induced rainfall totals occur in East Asia (>400 mm yr(-1)) and northeastern Australia (>200 mm yr(-1)), followed by the southeastern United States and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico (100-150 mm yr 21). Fractionally, TCs account for 35%-50% of the mean annual rainfall in northwestern Australia, southeastern China, the northern Philippines, and Baja California, Mexico. Seasonally, between 40% and 50% of TC-induced rain is recorded along the western coast of Australia and in islands of the south Indian Ocean in the austral summer and in East Asia and Mexico in boreal summer and fall. In terms of extremes, using annual maximum and peak-over-threshold approaches, the highest proportions of TC-induced rainfall are found in East Asia, followed by Australia and North and Central America, with fractional contributions generally decreasing farther inland from the coast. The relationship between TC-induced extreme rainfall and ENSO reveals that TC-induced extreme rainfall tends to occur more frequently in Australia and along the U.S. East Coast during La Nina and in East Asia and the northwestern Pacific islands during El Nino. C1 [Khouakhi, Abdou; Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, 100 C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Khouakhi, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, 100 C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM abdou-khouakhi@uiowa.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262091, AGS-1262099]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830101]; USACE Institute for Water Resources FX This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants AGS-1262091 and AGS-1262099, and Award NA14OAR4830101 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gabriele Villarini also acknowledges financial support from the USACE Institute for Water Resources. The authors acknowledge comments and suggestions by four anonymous reviewers. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0298.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AW UT WOS:000391855700021 ER PT J AU Santer, BD Solomon, S Pallotta, G Mears, C Po-Chedley, S Fu, Q Wentz, F Zou, CZ Painter, J Cvijanovic, I Bonfils, C AF Santer, Benjamin D. Solomon, Susan Pallotta, Giuliana Mears, Carl Po-Chedley, Stephen Fu, Qiang Wentz, Frank Zou, Cheng-Zhi Painter, Jeffrey Cvijanovic, Ivana Bonfils, Celine TI Comparing Tropospheric Warming in Climate Models and Satellite Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; OBSERVED TEMPERATURE TRENDS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; GLOBAL TEMPERATURE; NATURAL INFLUENCES; OZONE DEPLETION; DECADAL CHANGES; MSU CHANNEL-2 AB Updated and improved satellite retrievals of the temperature of the mid-to-upper troposphere (TMT) are used to address key questions about the size and significance of TMT trends, agreement with model-derived TMT values, and whether models and satellite data show similar vertical profiles of warming. A recent study claimed that TMT trends over 1979 and 2015 are 3 times larger in climate models than in satellite data but did not correct for the contribution TMT trends receive from stratospheric cooling. Here, it is shown that the average ratio of modeled and observed TMT trends is sensitive to both satellite data uncertainties and model-data differences in stratospheric cooling. When the impact of lower-stratospheric cooling on TMT is accounted for, and when the most recent versions of satellite datasets are used, the previously claimed ratio of three between simulated and observed near-global TMT trends is reduced to approximately 1.7. Next, the validity of the statement that satellite data show no significant tropospheric warming over the last 18 years is assessed. This claim is not supported by the current analysis: in five out of six corrected satellite TMT records, significant global-scale tropospheric warming has occurred within the last 18 years. Finally, long-standing concerns are examined regarding discrepancies in modeled and observed vertical profiles of warming in the tropical atmosphere. It is shown that amplification of tropical warming between the lower and mid-to-upper troposphere is now in close agreement in the average of 37 climate models and in one updated satellite record. C1 [Santer, Benjamin D.; Pallotta, Giuliana; Painter, Jeffrey; Cvijanovic, Ivana; Bonfils, Celine] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Solomon, Susan] MIT, Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mears, Carl; Wentz, Frank] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Po-Chedley, Stephen; Fu, Qiang] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Santer, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM santer1@llnl.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LDRD14-ERD-095]; DOE/OBER [SCW1295]; Ellen Swallow Richards Professorship at MIT; UW IGERT Program on Ocean Change [NSF 1068838]; NASA [NNX13AN49G]; NASA Earth Science Directorate under the Satellite Calibration Interconsistency Studies program, NASA [NNH12CF05C]; NOAA [NESDIS-NESDISPO-2009-2001589 (SDS-09-15)]; NOAA/STAR CalVal Program through the Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. At LLNL, Philip Cameron-Smith and Paul Durack provided helpful comments, and Charles Doutriaux and Tony Hoang supplied computational support. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (B.D.S. and J.P.) and under LDRD14-ERD-095 (B.D.S. and G.P.); C.B. and I.C. were supported by the DOE/OBER Early Career Research Program Award SCW1295. Outside of LLNL, support was provided by the Ellen Swallow Richards Professorship at MIT (S.S.); the UW IGERT Program on Ocean Change, NSF 1068838 (S.P-C.); NASA Grant NNX13AN49G (Q.F.); the NASA Earth Science Directorate under the Satellite Calibration Interconsistency Studies program, NASA Grant NNH12CF05C (C.M. and F.J.W.); and NOAA Grant NESDIS-NESDISPO-2009-2001589 (SDS-09-15) and the NOAA/STAR CalVal Program through the Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (C-Z.Z). NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 373 EP 392 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0333.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AW UT WOS:000391855700022 ER PT J AU Harrison, DE Chiodi, AM AF Harrison, D. E. Chiodi, Andrew M. TI Comments on "Characterizing ENSO Coupled Variability and Its Impact on North American Seasonal Precipitation and Temperature" SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; LA-NINA; PATTERNS AB El Nino and La Nina seasonal weather anomaly associations provide a useful basis for winter forecasting over the North American regions where they are sufficiently strong in amplitude and consistent in character from one event to another. When the associations during La Nina are different than El Nino, however, the obvious quasi-linear-statistical approach to modeling them has serious shortcomings. The linear approach of L'Heureux et al. is critiqued here based on observed land surface temperature and tropospheric circulation associations over North America. The La Nina associations are quite different in pattern from their El Nino counterparts. The El Nino associations dominate the statistics. This causes the linear approach to produce results that are inconsistent with the observed La Nina-averaged associations. Further, nearly all the useful North American associations have been contributed by the subset of El Nino and La Nina years that are identifiable by an outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) El Nino index and a distinct OLR La Nina index. The remaining "non-OLR events'' exhibit winter weather anomalies with large event-to-event variability and contribute very little statistical utility to the composites. The result is that the linear analysis framework is sufficiently unable to fit the observations as to question its utility for studying La Nina and El Nino seasonal temperature and atmospheric circulation relationships. An OLR-event based approach that treats La Nina and El Nino separately is significantly more consistent with, and offers an improved statistical model for, the observed relationships. C1 [Harrison, D. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Harrison, D. E.; Chiodi, Andrew M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov FU Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce [100007298]; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers, as well as the editor J. Barsugli for their time and comments. This publication is funded in part by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office (FundRef No. 100007298), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce, and by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, as well as the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0678.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AW UT WOS:000391855700025 ER PT J AU L'Heureux, ML Tippett, MK Barnston, AG AF L'Heureux, Michelle L. Tippett, Michael K. Barnston, Anthony G. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Characterizing ENSO Coupled Variability and Its Impact on North American Seasonal Precipitation and Temperature"' SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CIRCULATION C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle L.] NOAA, NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Barnston, Anthony G.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, New York, NY USA. RP L'Heureux, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program [NA12OAR4310082] FX We thank the editor and three reviewers for their suggestions. AGB acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program Award NA12OAR4310082. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 1 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0080.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AW UT WOS:000391855700026 ER PT J AU Fan, SM Yang, XS AF Fan, Songmiao Yang, Xiaosong TI Arctic and East Asia Winter Climate Variations Associated with the Eastern Atlantic Pattern SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE LOSS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; JET-STREAM; WARMING HIATUS; STORM TRACKS; COLD WINTERS; VARIABILITY; AMPLIFICATION; OSCILLATION; FLOW AB The wintertime Arctic temperature (T; surface-400 hPa) decreased from 1979 to 1997 and increased rapidly from 1998 to 2012, in contrast to the global mean surface air temperature. Here aspects of circulation variability that are associated with these temperature changes are examined using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and ERA-Interim products. It is found that the Nordic-Siberia seesaw of meridional winds near 70 degrees N is associated with two-thirds of the variance of the Arctic winter mean T, possibly contributing to the cooling and warming trends. It is suggested here that the seesaw accounts for much of the difference in Arctic amplification between observations and climate models. Growth of sea ice in winter is hindered by southerly winds over the Nordic region (0 degrees-60 degrees E). Through modulation of the wind seesaw, the eastern Atlantic (EA) pattern is found to be significantly associated with Arctic and East Asia winter climate variations. In one phase of the EA pattern, a midlatitude North Atlantic ridge anomaly is associated with a poleward shift of the mean storm track, a weakened eddy-driven jet over Eurasia, and above-normal sea level pressure (SLP) over Siberia, most significantly in the region to the northwest of Lake Baikal. The EA pattern is associated with two-thirds of the variance of winter-average SLP over Siberia. C1 [Fan, Songmiao; Yang, Xiaosong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fan, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM songmiao.fan@noaa.gov RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 2 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0741.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6BC UT WOS:000391856300009 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Jha, B Zhu, JS Huang, BH AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua TI Persistence and Predictions of the Remarkable Warm Anomaly in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean during 2014-16 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; SST ANOMALIES; TELECONNECTIONS; PATTERNS; WINTER AB In this work, the evolution and prediction of the persistent and remarkable warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the northeastern Pacific during October 2013-June 2016 are examined. Based on experiments with an atmospheric model, the possible contribution of SSTAs in different ocean basins to the atmospheric circulation anomalies is identified. Further, through verifying the real-time forecasts, current capabilities in predicting such an extreme warm event with a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model are assessed. During the long-lasting warm event, there were two warm maxima in the area-averaged SSTA around January 2014 and July 2015, respectively. The warm anomaly originated at the oceanic surface and propagated downward and reached about 300 m. Model experiments forced by observed SST suggest that the long persistence of the atmospheric anomalies in the northeastern Pacific as a whole may be partially explained by SST forcing, particularly in the tropical Pacific Ocean associated with a persistent warm SSTA in 2014/15 and an extremely strong El Nino in 2015/16, via its influence on atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific. Nevertheless, it was a challenge to predict the evolution of this warm event, especially for its growth. That is consistent with the fact that the SSTAs in extratropical oceans are largely a consequence of unpredictable atmospheric variability. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar; Zhu, Jieshun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar; Zhu, Jieshun] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU NSF [AGS-1338427]; NOAA [NA14OAR4310160]; NASA [NNX14AM19G] FX We appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions from reviewers and the assistance of Dr. Wanqiu Wang in processing the CFSv2 real-time forecast data. Bohua Huang is supported by grants from NSF (Grant AGS-1338427), NOAA (Grant NA14OAR4310160), and NASA(Grant NNX14AM19G). The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any view or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NWS, NOAA, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 2 BP 689 EP 702 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0348.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6BC UT WOS:000391856300016 ER PT J AU Barcikowska, MJ Knutson, TR Zhang, R AF Barcikowska, Monika J. Knutson, Thomas R. Zhang, Rong TI Observed and Simulated Fingerprints of Multidecadal Climate Variability and Their Contributions to Periods of Global SST Stagnation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC DECADAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WARMING HIATUS; COLORED NOISE; TIME-SERIES; ENSO; OSCILLATION; 20TH-CENTURY; CIRCULATION AB This study investigates spatiotemporal features of multidecadal climate variability using observations and climate model simulation. Aside from a long-term warming trend, observational SST and atmospheric circulation records are dominated by an almost 65-yr variability component. Although its center of action is over the North Atlantic, it manifests also over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, suggesting a tropical interbasin teleconnection maintained through an atmospheric bridge. An analysis shows that simulated internal climate variability in a coupled climate model (CSIRO Mk3.6.0) reproduces the main spatiotemporal features of the observed component. Model-based multidecadal variability includes a coupled ocean-atmosphere teleconnection, established through a zonally oriented atmospheric overturning circulation between the tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical Pacific. During the warm SST phase in the North Atlantic, increasing SSTs over the tropical North Atlantic strengthen locally ascending air motion and intensify subsidence and low-level divergence in the eastern tropical Pacific. This corresponds with a strengthening of trade winds and cooling in the tropical central Pacific. The model's derived component substantially shapes its global climate variability and is tightly linked to multidecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This suggests potential predictive utility and underscores the importance of correctly representing North Atlantic variability in simulations of global and regional climate. If the observations-based component of variability originates from internal climate processes, as found in the model, the recently observed (1970s-2000s) North Atlantic warming and eastern tropical Pacific cooling might presage an ongoing transition to a cold North Atlantic phase with possible implications for near-term global temperature evolution. C1 [Barcikowska, Monika J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Knutson, Thomas R.; Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Barcikowska, MJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM monikab@princeton.edu FU Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; BP FX We acknowledge support from the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. The authors are grateful to Tom Delworth, Liping Zhang, David Paynter, Ka-Kit Tung, and Hans von Storch for helpful comments and discussion. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 2 BP 721 EP 737 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0443.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6BC UT WOS:000391856300018 ER PT J AU Chen, C Cane, MA Wittenberg, AT Chen, D AF Chen, Chen Cane, Mark A. Wittenberg, Andrew T. Chen, Dake TI ENSO in the CMIP5 Simulations: Life Cycles, Diversity, and Responses to Climate Change SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO MODOKI; LA-NINA; SEASONAL CYCLE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ASYMMETRY; MODELS; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY AB Focusing on ENSO seasonal phase locking, diversity in peak location, and propagation direction, as well as the El Nino-La Nina asymmetry in amplitude, duration, and transition, a set of empirical probabilistic diagnostics (EPD) is introduced to investigate how the ENSO behaviors reflected in SST may change in a warming climate. EPD is first applied to estimate the natural variation of ENSO behaviors. In the observations El Ninos and La Ninas mainly propagate westward and peak in boreal winter. El Ninos occur more at the eastern Pacific whereas La Ninas prefer the central Pacific. In a preindustrial control simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 model, the El Nino-La Nina asymmetry is substantial. La Nina characteristics generally agree with observations but El Nino's do not, typically propagating eastward and showing no obvious seasonal phase locking. So an alternative approach is using a stochastically forced simulation of a nonlinear data-driven model, which exhibits reasonably realistic ENSO behaviors and natural variation ranges. EPD is then applied to assess the potential changes of ENSO behaviors in the twenty-first century using CMIP5 models. Other than the increasing SST climatology, projected changes in many aspects of ENSO reflected in SST anomalies are heavily model dependent and generally within the range of natural variation. Shifts favoring eastward-propagating El Nino and La Nina are the most robust. Given various model biases for the twentieth century and lack of sufficient model agreements for the twenty-first-century projection, whether the projected changes for ENSO behaviors would actually take place remains largely uncertain. C1 [Chen, Chen; Cane, Mark A.; Chen, Dake] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Chen, Dake] Second Inst Oceanog, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Chen, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM cchen@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU Office of Naval Research under the research grant MURI [N00014-12-1-0911]; National Basic Research Program [2013CB430302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41321004, 91128204]; IPOVAR Project FX We thank Dong Eun Lee, Naomi Henderson, and David Chapman for inspiring discussions and Haibo Liu for archiving the CMIP5 data at LDEO. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This study is supported by the Office of Naval Research under the research grant MURI (N00014-12-1-0911). DC also acknowledges grants from the National Basic Research Program (2013CB430302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41321004, 91128204), and the IPOVAR Project. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 30 IS 2 BP 775 EP 801 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0901.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6BC UT WOS:000391856300021 ER PT J AU Zhang, MX Chen, C Wang, Q Fu, WS Huang, KL Zhou, W AF Zhang, Mingxing Chen, Cong Wang, Qian Fu, Wensheng Huang, Kunlin Zhou, Wei TI A metal-organic framework functionalized with piperazine exhibiting enhanced CH4 storage SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HIGH METHANE STORAGE; NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; WORKING CAPACITY; POROUS MATERIALS; SURFACE-AREA; ADSORPTION; MOFS; SITES; CAGES; SIZE AB NJU-Bai 19, the first cycloaliphatic ring (piperazine) functionalized MOF-505 analogue, exhibits a notably high methane storage capacity of 246.4 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) (at room temperature and 65 bar); this is 93.6% of the new volumetric target of the US Department of Energy if the packing density loss is ignored. Compared with NOTT-101, when piperazine groups are inserted, the methane uptake capacity of NJU-Bai 19 at 65 bar and RT can be significantly enhanced with lower Q(st). A relatively low increase was also observed in the uptake at 5 bar. Thus it has a much higher methane storage working capacity (deliverable amount of methane between 65 and 5 bar) of 185 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) compared with NOTT-101 (174 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3)). When the temperature was decreased from 298 to 273 K at working pressures between 65 bar and 5 bar, the volumetric CH4 working capacity of NJU-Bai 19 is almost unchanged (from 185 to 189 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3)), while some of the famous MOFs with high Q(st) showed a decrease with a decrease in temperature. The combination of the balanced porosity and framework density and the lipophilic surface is considered to result in the increased methane storage and working capacities. C1 [Zhang, Mingxing; Fu, Wensheng; Huang, Kunlin] Chongqing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Chongqing 401331, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Mingxing; Chen, Cong; Wang, Qian] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, State Key Lab Coordinat Chem, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, MX; Huang, KL (reprint author), Chongqing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Chongqing 401331, Peoples R China.; Zhang, MX (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, State Key Lab Coordinat Chem, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Zhou, W (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zmx0102@hotmail.com; kunlin@cqnu.edu.cn; wzhou@nist.gov RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21371091, 21271192]; Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission [KJ120632]; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Chongqing [cstc2014-gjhz20002]; Chongqing Normal University Scientific Research Foundation Project [16XLB016] FX We thank the support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21371091 and 21271192), Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJ120632), International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Chongqing (cstc2014-gjhz20002), and Chongqing Normal University Scientific Research Foundation Project (16XLB016). In addition, we thank Mr Yunzhi Li and Mr Fei Meng of Nanjing University for the theoretical calculations. We also gratefully acknowledge Prof. Junfeng Bai (Nanjing University) for his help and guidance. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2017 VL 5 IS 1 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1039/c6ta06037d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EH2BL UT WOS:000391572200037 ER PT J AU Gao, YQ Yuan, ML Sun, X Ouyang, J AF Gao, Yiqun Yuan, Meiling Sun, Xin Ouyang, Jun TI In situ preparation of high quality BaTiO3 dielectric films on Si at 350-500 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BUFFER LAYER; CONSTANT; LANIO3 AB Reducing thermal budget of functional layers grown on Si substrates has become a necessity for their integration into contemporary manufacturing technology of microelectronics. The work presented here exemplifies one of such efforts by preparing barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BTO) films at temperatures as low as 350 degrees C on Si substrates via a CMOS-compatible RF-magnetron sputtering process. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that use of LaNiO3 (LNO) buffer layer successfully induces BaTiO3 film's transition from polycrystalline to highly c-axis oriented tetragonal in low temperature range. Moreover, encouraged by BaTiO3 films prepared at 500 degrees C that shows a nearly uniform (00l) orientation with excellent ferroelectric properties (Pr similar to 2.6 mu C/cm(2), E-c similar to 100 kV/cm, d(33) similar to 150 pm/V), we further push the deposition temperature down to 350 degrees C. While showing reduced crystallinity, these lower temperature films still possess good dielectric properties which are characterized by a stable dielectric constant of 110 +/- 5 and a small dielectric loss between 0.7 and 3 % in the frequency range of [1 kHz, 2 MHz]. We believe the finding of high quality BaTiO3 films achievable at 350 degrees C is meaningful in that it paves the road for BaTiO3's real application in Si based CMOS technology. C1 [Gao, Yiqun; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Gao, Yiqun; Yuan, Meiling; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Meiling] Civil Aviat Univ China, Off Acad Affairs, Tianjin 300300, Peoples R China. [Sun, Xin] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Mat Devices & Integrated Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China.; Sun, X (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Mat Devices & Integrated Syst, Troy, NY 12180 USA.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sunx12@rpi.edu; ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn FU Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University); Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM); Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University [2015JC034]; Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University [2015YQ009] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), as well as the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University). J. Ouyang would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University, the project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM), and Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034). Y. Gao and J. Ouyang acknowledge the financial support of the Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City (Grant # ZXG201445) and the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (Grant No. 2015YQ009). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 28 IS 1 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s10854-016-5528-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA EI2HY UT WOS:000392308700042 ER PT J AU Radney, JG Zangmeister, CD AF Radney, James G. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Light source effects on aerosol photoacoustic spectroscopy measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Photoacoustic spectroscopy; Aerosol; Absorption enhancement; Coatings ID ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; PLASMONIC NANOPARTICLES; BUBBLE GENERATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; BLACK CARBON; REAL-TIME; SPECTROMETER; ENHANCEMENT; VALIDATION AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy measurements of flame-generated soot aerosol coated with small amounts of water yielded absorption enhancements that were dependent on the laser used: quasi-continuous wave (Q-CW, approximate to 650 ps pulse duration and 78 MHz repetition rate) versus continuous wave (CW). Water coating thickness was controlled by exposing the aerosol to a set relative humidity (RH). At approximate to 85% RH, the mass of the soot particles increased by an amount comparable to a monolayer of water being deposited and enhanced the measured absorption by 36% and 15% for the Q-CW and CW lasers, respectively. Extinction measurements were also performed using a cavity ring-down spectrometer (extinction equals the sum of absorption and scattering) with a CW laser and negligible enhancement was observed at all RH. These findings demonstrate that source choice can impact measurements of aerosols with volatile coatings and that the absorption enhancements at high RH previously measured by Radney and Zangmeister [1] are the result of laser source used (Q-CW) and not from an increase in the particle absorption cross section. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Radney, James G.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Radney, JG (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.radney@nist.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 187 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.09.026 PG 5 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA EH6QP UT WOS:000391899300014 PM 28066027 ER PT J AU Hoogerheide, DP Gurnev, PA Rostovtseva, TK Bezrukov, SM AF Hoogerheide, David P. Gurnev, Philip A. Rostovtseva, Tatiana K. Bezrukov, Sergey M. TI Mechanism of alpha-synuclein translocation through a VDAC nanopore revealed by energy landscape modeling of escape time distributions SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL; SOLID-STATE NANOPORE; POLYMER TRANSLOCATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; DNA TRANSLOCATION; 3 DECADES; MEMBRANE; HEMOLYSIN; PORE; MITOCHONDRIA AB We probe the energy landscape governing the passage of alpha-synuclein, a natural "diblock copolymer"-like polypeptide, through a nanoscale pore. alpha-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered neuronal protein associated with Parkinson's pathology. The motion of this electrically heterogeneous polymer in the beta-barrel voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) of the mitochondrial outer membrane strongly depends on the properties of both the charged and uncharged regions of the alpha-synuclein polymer. We model this motion in two ways. First, a simple Markov model accounts for the transitions of the channel between the states of different occupancy by alpha-synuclein. Second, the detailed energy landscape of this motion can be accounted for using a drift-diffusion framework that incorporates the alpha-synuclein binding energy and the free energy cost of its confinement in the VDAC pore. The models directly predict the probability of alpha-synuclein translocation across the mitochondrial outer membrane, with immediate implications for the physiological role of alpha-synuclein in regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Time-resolved measurements of the electrical properties of VDAC occupied by alpha-synuclein reveal distinct effects of the motion of the junction separating the differently charged regions of the polymer. C1 [Hoogerheide, David P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gurnev, Philip A.; Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Sect Mol Transport, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hoogerheide, DP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bezrukov, SM (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Sect Mol Transport, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM david.hoogerheide@nist.gov; bezrukos@mail.nih.gov FU National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575]; NSF at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) [ACI-1445606]; NIH/NIST Research Associateship Program through the National Academies of Sciences; Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH FX This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. Specifically, it used the Darter Cray XC30 system and the Bridges system, which is supported by NSF award number ACI-1445606, at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC). D. P. H. acknowledges support from the NIH/NIST Research Associateship Program through the National Academies of Sciences. P. A. G., T. K. R., and S. M. B. were supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Certain commercial materials, equipment, and instruments are identified in this work to describe the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such an identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment, or instrument identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2017 VL 9 IS 1 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1039/c6nr08145b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EH4KE UT WOS:000391739300024 PM 27905618 ER PT J AU Cirac, JI Kimble, HJ AF Cirac, J. Ignacio Kimble, H. Jeff TI Quantum optics, what next? SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOBEL LECTURE; NOISE C1 [Cirac, J. Ignacio] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Hans Kopfermann Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kimble, H. Jeff] CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kimble, H. Jeff] Univ Colorado Boulder, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Kimble, H. Jeff] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cirac, JI (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, Hans Kopfermann Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM Ignacio.Cirac@mpq.mpg.de; hjkimble@caltech.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA EH1IK UT WOS:000391518000008 ER PT J AU Xie, XP Bouchand, R Nicolodi, D Giunta, M Hansel, W Lezius, M Joshi, A Datta, S Alexandre, C Lours, M Tremblin, PA Santarelli, G Holzwarth, R Le Coq, Y AF Xie, Xiaopeng Bouchand, Romain Nicolodi, Daniele Giunta, Michele Haensel, Wolfgang Lezius, Matthias Joshi, Abhay Datta, Shubhashish Alexandre, Christophe Lours, Michel Tremblin, Pierre-Alain Santarelli, Giorgio Holzwarth, Ronald Le Coq, Yann TI Photonic microwave signals with zeptosecond-level absolute timing noise SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DIVISION; NOBEL LECTURE; GENERATION; OSCILLATOR; SYSTEM; CAVITY; COMB AB Photonic synthesis of radiofrequency (RF) revived the quest for unrivalled microwave purity because of its ability to convey the benefits of optics to the microwave world(1-11). In this work, we perform a high-fidelity transfer of frequency stability between an optical reference and a microwave signal via a low-noise fibre-based frequency comb and cutting-edge photodetection techniques. We demonstrate the generation of the purest microwave signal with a fractional frequency stability below 6.5 x 10(-16) at 1 s and a timing noise floor below 41 zs Hz(-1/2) (phase noise below -173 dBc Hz(-1) for a 12 GHz carrier). This outperforms existing sources and promises a new era for state-of-the-art microwave generation. The characterization is achieved through a heterodyne cross-correlation scheme with the lowermost detection noise. This unprecedented level of purity can impact domains such as radar systems(12), telecommunications(13) and time-frequency metrology(2,14). The measurement methods developed here can benefit the characterization of a broad range of signals. C1 [Xie, Xiaopeng; Bouchand, Romain; Nicolodi, Daniele; Lours, Michel; Le Coq, Yann] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, LNE SYRTE,Observ Paris,PSL Res Univ, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. [Giunta, Michele; Haensel, Wolfgang; Lezius, Matthias; Holzwarth, Ronald] Menlo Syst GmbH, Klopferspitz 19a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Giunta, Michele; Holzwarth, Ronald] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Joshi, Abhay; Datta, Shubhashish] Discovery Semicond Inc, 119 Silvia St, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Alexandre, Christophe] Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, CEDRIC Lab, 292 Rue St Martin, F-75003 Paris, France. [Tremblin, Pierre-Alain; Santarelli, Giorgio] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, Rue F Mitterand, F-33400 Talence, France. [Nicolodi, Daniele] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Le Coq, Y (reprint author), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, LNE SYRTE,Observ Paris,PSL Res Univ, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM yann.lecoq@obspm.fr FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Program in Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering (PmureComb project) [W31P4Q-14-C-0050]; Formation, Innovation, Recherche, Services et Transfert en Temps-Frequence (FIRST-TF) Labex; Eurostar Eureka program (Stable Microwave Generation and Dissemination over Optical Fiber project); EU FP7 Initial Training Network FACT (Future Atomic Clock Technology) FX We thank J. Pinto for help with the electronics and R. Le Targat for the reference-laser distribution. This work is funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) as a part of the Program in Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering (P mu reComb project) under contract no. W31P4Q-14-C-0050, by the Formation, Innovation, Recherche, Services et Transfert en Temps-Frequence (FIRST-TF) Labex, by the Eurostar Eureka program (Stable Microwave Generation and Dissemination over Optical Fiber project) and by the EU FP7 Initial Training Network FACT (Future Atomic Clock Technology). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.215 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA EH1IK UT WOS:000391518000014 ER PT J AU Schioppo, M Brown, RC McGrew, WF Hinkley, N Fasano, RJ Beloy, K Yoon, TH Milani, G Nicolodi, D Sherman, JA Phillips, NB Oates, CW Ludlow, AD AF Schioppo, M. Brown, R. C. McGrew, W. F. Hinkley, N. Fasano, R. J. Beloy, K. Yoon, T. H. Milani, G. Nicolodi, D. Sherman, J. A. Phillips, N. B. Oates, C. W. Ludlow, A. D. TI Ultrastable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE CLOCK; NOISE; INSTABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; COATINGS; CAVITY AB Atomic clocks based on optical transitions are the most stable, and therefore precise, timekeepers available. These clocks operate by alternating intervals of atomic interrogation with the 'dead' time required for quantum state preparation and readout. This non-continuous interrogation of the atom system results in the Dick effect, an aliasing of frequency noise from the laser interrogating the atomic transition(1,2). Despite recent advances in optical clock stability that have been achieved by improving laser coherence, the Dick effect has continually limited the performance of optical clocks. Here we implement a robust solution to overcome this limitation: a zero-dead-time optical clock that is based on the interleaved interrogation of two cold-atom ensembles(3). This clock exhibits vanishingly small Dick noise, thereby achieving an unprecedented fractional frequency instability assessed to be 6x10(-17)/root tau for an averaging time tau in seconds. We also consider alternate dual-atom-ensemble schemes to extend laser coherence and reduce the standard quantum limit of clock stability, achieving a spectroscopy line quality factor of Q > 4 x 10(15). C1 [Schioppo, M.; Brown, R. C.; McGrew, W. F.; Hinkley, N.; Fasano, R. J.; Beloy, K.; Yoon, T. H.; Milani, G.; Nicolodi, D.; Sherman, J. A.; Phillips, N. B.; Oates, C. W.; Ludlow, A. D.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schioppo, M.; McGrew, W. F.; Hinkley, N.; Fasano, R. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schioppo, M.] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Expt Phys, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Yoon, T. H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, 145 Anam Ro, Seoul 02841, South Korea. [Milani, G.] Inst Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Milani, G.] Politecn Torino, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.ludlow@nist.gov RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009 OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout (QUASAR) programme; NASA Fundamental Physics programme; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Research Council Research Associateship programme FX The authors acknowledge the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout (QUASAR) programme, the NASA Fundamental Physics programme and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for financial support. R.C.B. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship programme. We also thank T. Fortier, F. Quinlan and S. Diddams for femtosecond optical frequency comb measurements. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JAN PY 2017 VL 11 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.231 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA EH1IK UT WOS:000391518000015 ER PT J AU Li, XQ Moody, G AF Li, Xiaoqin Moody, Galan TI VALLEYTRONICS Stark control SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID MONOLAYER WSE2; VALLEY COHERENCE; GENERATION; EXCITONS C1 [Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moody, Galan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, XQ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Li, XQ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM elaineli@physics.utexas.edu; galan.moody@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EH8SV UT WOS:000392043500006 ER PT J AU Moses, SA Covey, JP Miecnikowski, MT Jin, DS Ye, J AF Moses, Steven A. Covey, Jacob P. Miecnikowski, Matthew T. Jin, Deborah S. Ye, Jun TI New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; OPTICAL LATTICE; FESHBACH RESONANCES; NOBEL LECTURE; ATOMS; STATE; COLD; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Compared to atoms, molecules possess additional degrees of freedom that can be exploited in fundamental tests, ultracold chemistry, and engineering new quantum phases in many-body systems. Here, we review the recent progress in creating and manipulating ultracold bialkali molecules to study quantum gases of polar molecules. C1 [Moses, Steven A.; Covey, Jacob P.; Miecnikowski, Matthew T.; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moses, Steven A.; Covey, Jacob P.; Miecnikowski, Matthew T.; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moses, Steven A.; Covey, Jacob P.; Miecnikowski, Matthew T.; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moses, Steven A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moses, Steven A.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EH8SV UT WOS:000392043500010 ER PT J AU Knotts, S Mohr, PJ Phillips, WD AF Knotts, Sandra Mohr, Peter J. Phillips, William D. TI An Introduction to the New SI SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM; UNITS C1 [Knotts, Sandra] Perkiomen Valley High Sch, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Mohr, Peter J.; Phillips, William D.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phillips, William D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sknotts@pvsd.org; mohr@nist.gov; wphillips@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1119/1.4972491 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EH7YP UT WOS:000391988900006 ER PT J AU Durban, JW Fearnbach, H Burrows, DG Ylitalo, GM Pitman, RL AF Durban, J. W. Fearnbach, H. Burrows, D. G. Ylitalo, G. M. Pitman, R. L. TI Morphological and ecological evidence for two sympatric forms of Type B killer whale around the Antarctic Peninsula SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Predator; Cetacean; Diet; Stable isotopes; Photogrammetry ID NORTH PACIFIC; ORCINUS-ORCA AB Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are apex marine predators in Antarctica, but uncertainty over their taxonomic and ecological diversity constrains evaluations of their trophic interactions. We describe two distinct, sympatric forms sharing the characteristic pigmentation of Type B, the most common around the Antarctic Peninsula. Laser photogrammetry revealed nonoverlapping size differences among adults: Based on a body length index (BLI: blowhole to dorsal fin) adult females of the larger form ("B1") were 20 % longer than the smaller form ("B2"), and adult males were 24 % longer on average. Dorsal fins of B1 adult females were 19 % taller than B2 females, and adult males 32 % taller. Both types were strongly sexually dimorphic, but B1 more so, including for BLI (B1 males = 1.07x females; B2 = 1.05x) and especially for dorsal fin height (B1 male fins = 2.33x female; B2 = 2.10x). The characteristically large Type B eye patch was more extensive for B1 than B2, comprising 41 and 37 % of BLI, respectively. Average group size was also significantly different, with B1s in smaller groups (mean 7, range 1-14) and B2s more gregarious (mean 36, range 8-75). Stable isotope analysis of skin biopsies indicated dietary differences: a significantly lower nitrogen N-15/N-14 ratio in B2s supported observations of feeding primarily on krill consumers (e.g., pygoscelid penguins), while B1s prey mainly on predators of krill consumers (e.g., Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii). These differences likely represent adaptations to distinct foraging niches, which has led to genetic divergence; their ecology now needs further study. C1 [Durban, J. W.; Fearnbach, H.] Ctr Whale Res, 355 Smugglers Cove Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Durban, J. W.; Fearnbach, H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Burrows, D. G.; Ylitalo, G. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pitman, R. L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Antarct Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Durban, JW (reprint author), Ctr Whale Res, 355 Smugglers Cove Rd, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA.; Durban, JW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM john.durban@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 40 IS 1 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s00300-016-1942-x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG9TH UT WOS:000391401900020 ER PT J AU Ogburn, MB Spires, J Aguilar, R Goodison, MR Heggie, K Kinnebrew, E McBurney, W Richie, KD Roberts, PM Hines, AH AF Ogburn, Matthew B. Spires, Jason Aguilar, Robert Goodison, Michael R. Heggie, Keira Kinnebrew, Eva McBurney, William Richie, Kimberly D. Roberts, Paige M. Hines, Anson H. TI Assessment of River Herring Spawning Runs in a Chesapeake Bay Coastal Plain Stream using Imaging Sonar SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ANADROMOUS ALEWIFE; NORTH-CAROLINA; CATCH-CURVE; DIDSON; PRECISION; MIGRATION; DAM; CONNECTIVITY AB Recent declines in anadromous river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) have been documented in much of their range using fishery-independent spawning run counts. A lack of rigorous long-term run counts and demographic data for Chesapeake Bay spawning stocks resulted in the declaration of unknown stock status in a 2012 stock assessment and made it difficult to evaluate responses to conservation and restoration efforts. The objectives of the present study were to (1) conduct the first spawning run counts of river herring in the Choptank River, Maryland, since the run counts performed over a 2-year period in 1972 and 1973, (2) evaluate population structure and dynamics, and (3) identify environmental variables associated with run timing. Spawning runs of Alewives and Blueback Herring were recorded from March 10 to June 4, 2014, using imaging sonar and processed manually to produce hourly run counts of fish with TLs ranging from 200 to 350 mm. A total of 1,659,090 +/- 91,250 fish with TLs of 200-350 mm (errors estimated using a CV of 5.5%) were estimated to swim upstream past the sonar unit. Boat electrofishing was conducted at weekly intervals to estimate species composition and obtain samples for demographic analysis. Using these species composition data to apportion run counts resulted in an estimated count of 581,275 +/- 31,970 Alewives and 726,450 +/- 39,955 Blueback Herring. Fish age by otolith analysis varied from 2 to 7 years and total instantaneous mortality (Z) was estimated at 1.47 (SE, 1.8 x 10(-5)) for Alewives and 1.91 (SE, 1.1 x 10(-5)) for Blueback Herring. Upstream migration occurred primarily in the afternoon and evening associated with increasing water temperature, and downstream migration occurred at low and decreasing levels of discharge. The present study established a new fishery-independent population monitoring effort for river herring in Chesapeake Bay and identified associations between environmental drivers and upstream and downstream movements. C1 [Ogburn, Matthew B.; Aguilar, Robert; Goodison, Michael R.; Heggie, Keira; Kinnebrew, Eva; McBurney, William; Richie, Kimberly D.; Roberts, Paige M.; Hines, Anson H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Spires, Jason] Horn Point Lab, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Spires, Jason] NOAA, JHT Inc, Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 South Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Ogburn, MB (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ogburnm@si.edu OI Ogburn, Matthew/0000-0001-5417-555X FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [0104.13.040321]; Smithsonian Institution's Office of the Undersecretary of Science; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center FX We thank A. Anthony, C. Schlick, and E. Sly for assisting with field collections and laboratory processing of samples and imaging sonar data. We are especially grateful to F. Wothers for providing access and support at the study site. N. Carter and H. Speir graciously recounted their experiences from the 1970s run count study and provided helpful feedback on the manuscript. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor also led to a much-improved manuscript. Funding was provided by National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Award 0104.13.040321, the Smithsonian Institution's Office of the Undersecretary of Science, and a Smithsonian Environmental Research Center postdoctoral fellowship awarded to M. Ogburn. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 22 EP 35 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1235612 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200003 ER PT J AU Bond, MH Westley, PAH Dittman, AH Holecek, D Marsh, T Quinn, TP AF Bond, Morgan H. Westley, Peter A. H. Dittman, Andrew H. Holecek, Dean Marsh, Tiffani Quinn, Thomas P. TI Combined Effects of Barge Transportation, River Environment, and Rearing Location on Straying and Migration of Adult Snake River Fall-Run Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY TYPES; COLUMBIA RIVER; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; HATCHERY STEELHEAD; FRESH-WATER AB Homing and straying in salmon have been extensively studied, yet it has proven difficult to disentangle the biotic and abiotic factors that influence straying. In the Columbia River basin, some juvenile salmon are collected at dams and transported downstream to increase survival during seaward migration, and as returning adults they experience a range of environmental conditions as they ascend the river. We examined 8 years of PIT tag detection data for hatchery-reared, fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released in the Snake River to evaluate the combined effects of juvenile barging, rearing and release locations, and environmental conditions on adult migration speed and straying below and above the Columbia River-Snake River confluence. Straying to the upper Columbia River was 10-19 times more likely among adults that were barged as juveniles from Snake River dams than among adults that were in-river migrants or that were transported from McNary Dam (below the confluence) as juveniles. Similarly, barging from Snake River dams and warmer Columbia River temperatures increased the likelihood of straying into streams below the confluence. Furthermore, adult upstream migration was slower among juveniles that were reared at two mid-Columbia River hatcheries and juveniles that were barged, indicating possible navigational impairment. However, rearing location, release distance, and release age had relatively minimal effects on straying. Collectively, our results indicate that (1) adult migration and homing are affected by a complex combination of processes that take place during smolt out-migration and the adult return migration, and (2) enhancement efforts can inadvertently add to the challenge. The straying of barged fish demonstrates the potential for increasing adult returns to the Snake River by changing the barging process so that it more adequately supports the proper imprinting of juveniles. C1 [Bond, Morgan H.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Westley, Peter A. H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 North Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Dittman, Andrew H.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Holecek, Dean] US Army Corps Engineers, 201 North Third St, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Bond, Morgan H.; Marsh, Tiffani] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bond, MH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Bond, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM morgan.bond@noaa.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912EF12C0008] FX This project was made possible with funding from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Contract W912EF12C0008). Helpful advice on project design was provided by Joe Bumgarner (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), Bill Schrader (Idaho Department of Fish and Game), Jay Hesse (Nez Perce Tribe), and Rick Orme (Nez Perce Tribe). We also thank John Skalski, Rebecca Buchanan, and Richard Townsend (University of Washington) for sharing both their expertise and the software PitPro, which greatly facilitated our analyses. In addition, Nicole Tancreto (PSMFC) provided timely assistance with the PTAGIS database. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from Steve Smith, Rich Zabel, and Penny Swanson (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center). Finally, we thank the countless individuals from tribal, state, and federal agencies that tagged the fish and maintained the PIT tag detection infrastructure; without their efforts, this large-scale study would not have been possible. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1235614 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200006 ER PT J AU Havey, MA Dittman, AH Quinn, TP Lema, SC May, D AF Havey, Michelle A. Dittman, Andrew H. Quinn, Thomas P. Lema, Sean C. May, Darran TI Experimental Evidence for Olfactory Imprinting by Sockeye Salmon at Embryonic and Smolt Stages SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA POPULATIONS; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; SNAKE RIVER; SMOLTIFICATION; MIGRATION; KISUTCH AB Anadromous salmonids have an extraordinary ability to migrate back to their natal streams to spawn as adults, but the mechanisms underlying this ability are not completely known. Many experiments indicate that salmon imprint on natal odors at the smolt stage prior to seaward migration, but the life history and population genetics of some species, notably Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, suggest that imprinting also occurs during the period between hatching and emergence from the gravel as fry. To test the hypothesis that Sockeye Salmon imprint during this period, we exposed juveniles to a mixture of odorants during either the alevin or smolt stage. The smolt exposure group was further divided into different exposure durations (6 weeks, 1 week, and 1 d) to evaluate the duration of odor exposure needed for imprinting during that stage. Imprinting was assessed by testing fish as mature adults in two-choice mazes containing unfamiliar water with and without the mixture of odorants. Fish exposed either as alevins or for 6 weeks as smolts both spent significantly more time in the odor-scented arm than control fish (unexposed to the odors as juveniles). Fish exposed to odors for 1 week or 1 d as smolts showed similar but weaker responses. Concurrent measures of gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and plasma thyroxine confirmed that the fish exposed as smolts were undergoing parr-smolt transformation during exposure. We conclude that Sockeye Salmon imprinted as both alevins and smolts and that longer periods of odor exposure yielded greater behavioral responses to odors as adults, though specific times within the parr-smolt transformation period may be more sensitive to imprinting than others. C1 [Havey, Michelle A.; Quinn, Thomas P.; May, Darran] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dittman, Andrew H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Lema, Sean C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Havey, Michelle A.] Hart Crowser Inc, 3131 Elliott Ave,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Dittman, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM andy.dittman@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration Project [1993-056-00] FX We thank all those involved in carrying out this study, including Rob Endicott, R. B. Kerr, and Jaime Athos. We also thank the Stanley Basin Sockeye Salmon Technical Oversight Committee, especially Paul Kline, for their support of this work. This work was supported by funds from Bonneville Power Administration Project 1993-056-00. Helpful comments on the paper were provided by Paul Kline and Penny Swanson. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1238409 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200007 ER PT J AU Winans, GA Baker, J McHenry, M Ward, L Myers, J AF Winans, Gary A. Baker, Jon McHenry, Mike Ward, Larry Myers, Jim TI Genetic Characterization of Oncorhynchus mykiss Prior to Dam Removal with Implications for Recolonization of the Elwha River Watershed, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PACIFIC SALMONIDS; STEELHEAD TROUT; BASE-LINE; RAINBOW; INDIVIDUALS; INFORMATION; RESIDENT; PROGRAM AB For more than 100 years, two dams blocked upstream migration of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) on the Elwha River, Washington. Prior to the removal of both dams (completed in 2015), 30 spatiotemporal collections of resident Rainbow Trout, steelhead, hatchery steelhead, and hatchery-derived Rainbow Trout (1,949 individuals) were made from 17 sites in the river, and the pattern of genetic diversity and connectivity were evaluated using 13 microsatellite loci. Wild-origin steelhead spawned below the downstream dam and were genetically distinguishable from upriver (above dam) resident Rainbow Trout (F-ST = 0.034), and the resident Rainbow Trout segregated into two distinct groups (F-ST = 0.056). Nonnative-origin hatchery steelhead varied from the indigenous steelhead (F-ST = 0.029), and the hatchery trout differed from the resident trout (FST = 0.163). Collections of resident Rainbow Trout from the upper portion of the basin were distinguished by lower estimates of genetic variability (H-e, A(R), and A/L) and effective population size compared with resident Rainbow Trout in the middle reaches of the Elwha River. The break between the two trout groups coincided with Rica Canyon, 8 river kilometers upstream from the Glines Canyon Dam (the upstream dam), suggesting that the upper and middle trout groups represent historic O. mykiss groups separated by flow conditions in the canyon prior to dam construction. Anticipating the potential for genetic exchange between steelhead and resident Rainbow Trout following dam removal, we evaluated the ability of the microsatellite baseline to distinguish F-1 crosses between the life history groups with computer simulations. These results demonstrate how a genetic baseline can be used as a conservation management tool to measure potential genetic introgression among resident populations and recolonizing anadromous populations. C1 [Winans, Gary A.; Myers, Jim] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Baker, Jon] Mariner High Sch, 200 120th St Southwest, Everett, WA 98204 USA. [McHenry, Mike; Ward, Larry] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Nat Resources, 51 Hatchery Rd, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Winans, GA (reprint author), Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM gary.winans@noaa.gov FU LEKT FX Field support was provided by R. Moses, M. Elofson, S. Sampson, R. Paradis, and M. Boyd from the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, S. Brenkman from Olympic National Park, and J. Duda from the U.S. Geological Survey. S. D. Patterson, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), provided laboratory support. D. Holzer, NWFSC, created Figure 1. P. Plesha, Mukilteo Research Station, NWFSC, provided logistical support. Funding for the project was provided in part by Special Studies Agreements from LEKT to NWFSC. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2017 VL 146 IS 1 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1249293 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA EH5ZG UT WOS:000391851200015 ER PT J AU Liu, HM Chen, FL Bai, DJ Jiao, JJ Zhou, W Yildirim, T He, YB AF Liu, Huimin Chen, Fengli Bai, Dongjie Jiao, Jingjing Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner He, Yabing TI High-Pressure Methane Adsorption in Two Isoreticular Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Constructed from C-3-Symmetrical Tricarboxylates SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID STORAGE WORKING CAPACITY; NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CH4 STORAGE; HIGH H-2; MOFS; SITES; STABILITY; TOPOLOGY; CAGES AB Development of porous metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) with enhanced stability and high methane working capacity is of paramount importance to facilitate the use of natural gas as a transportation fuel. In this work, we used C-3-symmetrical tricarboxylates to construct two isoreticular Zr-based MOFs (ZJNU-30 and ZJNU-31) featuring the coexistence of a one-dimensional channel and two different types of cages in the overall structures. High-pressure methane adsorption studies show that the two compounds have good methane adsorption capacities. In particular, the methane working capacity of ZJNU-30a is among the highest reported for Zr-based MOFs. More importantly, the two compounds display exceptional hydrostability, making them attractive for use as a methane adsorbent. C1 [Liu, Huimin; Chen, Fengli; Bai, Dongjie; Jiao, Jingjing; He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP He, YB (reprint author), Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. EM heyabing@zjnu.cn RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province, China [LR16B010001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [21301156]; Qianjiang talents project in Zhejiang province [ZC304015017] FX We acknowledge the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province, China (LR16B010001), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21301156), and the Qianjiang talents project in Zhejiang province (ZC304015017) for financial support. We also thank Dr. Jingling Yan (CIAC) for his assistance in measuring VT-PXRD. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01507 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA EG9YI UT WOS:000391417300033 ER PT J AU Coscieme, L Sutton, PC Anderson, S Liu, Q Elvidge, CD AF Coscieme, Luca Sutton, Paul C. Anderson, Sharolyn Liu, Qing Elvidge, Christopher D. TI Dark Times: nighttime satellite imagery as a detector of regional disparity and the geography of conflict SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE night-time lights; geographic information systems (GIS); conflict; equality; DMSP-OLS ID HUMAN ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT; PROXY MEASURE; LIGHT; MIGRATION; AFRICA; DYNAMICS; DARFUR; EXTRACTION; SCENARIOS; DRIVERS AB Satellite observations of night-time emitted lights describe a geography of the spatial distribution of resource use. Measurements of nocturnal lights enable the calculation of the total light emitted from each country of the world, and the light emitted per capita. We consider different groups of countries that share a land or maritime border and whose light per capita can be more equally/unequally distributed. A sharp difference in light per capita among neighboring countries reflects marked differences in economic welfare and in the extent of built environments. We demonstrate how this geography of nocturnal lights informs our understanding of the dynamics of conflict at the national and regional scale. We propose an index of regional disparity and test its ability to detect conflict dynamics by relating the index score with the occurrence and intensity of conflicts as classified by the Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research's Conflict Barometer 2012 for the countries of the world. This method can be used to produce a global available temporal sampling of cold spots of disparity where conflicts are likely to occur. This will help foresee the identification and monitoring of regions of the world,which are becoming particularly unstable, assisting in the definition and execution of timely and proactive policies. C1 [Coscieme, Luca] Univ Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Trinity Coll, Coll Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Sutton, Paul C.; Anderson, Sharolyn] Univ South Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Anderson, Sharolyn] Univ South Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia. [Liu, Qing] Univ Denver, Dept Geog & Environm, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Coscieme, L (reprint author), Univ Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Trinity Coll, Coll Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM coscieml@tcd.ie FU Irish Research Council [GOIPD/2014/558] FX This work was supported by the Irish Research Council [Grant Number: GOIPD/2014/558]. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1548-1603 EI 1943-7226 J9 GISCI REMOTE SENS JI GISci. Remote Sens. PY 2017 VL 54 IS 1 BP 118 EP 139 DI 10.1080/15481603.2016.1260676 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA EG4CC UT WOS:000390990000007 ER PT J AU Pitman, RL Deecke, VB Gabriele, CM Srinivasan, M Black, N Denkinger, J Durban, JW Mathews, EA Matkin, DR Neilson, JL Schulman-Janiger, A Shearwater, D Stap, P Ternullo, R AF Pitman, Robert L. Deecke, Volker B. Gabriele, Christine M. Srinivasan, Mridula Black, Nancy Denkinger, Judith Durban, John W. Mathews, Elizabeth A. Matkin, Dena R. Neilson, Janet L. Schulman-Janiger, Alisa Shearwater, Debra Stap, Peggy Ternullo, Richard TI Humpback whales interfering when mammal-eating killer whales attack other species: Mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism? SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; interspecific altruism; killer whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; mobbing behavior; Orcinus orca; predation ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE CALVES; PREDATOR INSPECTION BEHAVIOR; ORCINUS-ORCA; BALEEN WHALES; HAWAIIAN WATERS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE MAMMALS; SPERM-WHALES AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known to interfere with attacking killer whales (Orcinus orca). To investigate why, we reviewed accounts of 115 interactions between them. Humpbacks initiated the majority of interactions (57% vs. 43%; n = 72), although the killer whales were almost exclusively mammal-eating forms (MEKWs, 95%) vs. fish-eaters (5%; n = 108). When MEKWs approached humpbacks (n = 27), they attacked 85% of the time and targeted only calves. When humpbacks approached killer whales (n = 41), 93% were MEKWs, and 87% of them were attacking or feeding on prey at the time. When humpbacks interacted with attacking MEKWs, 11% of the prey were humpbacks and 89% comprised 10 other species, including three cetaceans, six pinnipeds, and one teleost fish. Approaching humpbacks often harassed attacking MEKWs (55% of 56 interactions), regardless of the prey species, which we argue was mobbing behavior. Humpback mobbing sometimes allowed MEKW prey, including nonhumpbacks, to escape. We suggest that humpbacks initially responded to vocalizations of attacking MEKWs without knowing the prey species targeted. Although reciprocity or kin selection might explain communal defense of conspecific calves, there was no apparent benefit to humpbacks continuing to interfere when other species were being attacked. Interspecific altruism, even if unintentional, could not be ruled out. C1 [Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Deecke, Volker B.] Univ Cumbria, Ctr Wildlife Conservat, Rydal Rd, Ambleside LA22 9BB, Cumbria, England. [Gabriele, Christine M.; Neilson, Janet L.] Glacier Bay Natl Pk & Preserve, Humpback Whale Monitoring Program, POB 140, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. [Srinivasan, Mridula] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Black, Nancy] Calif Killer Whale Project, POB 52001, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Denkinger, Judith] Univ San Francisco Quito, Coll Biol & Environm Sci, Diego Robles & Interocean, Quito, Ecuador. [Mathews, Elizabeth A.] 1350B Yulupa Ave, Santa Rosa, CA 95405 USA. [Matkin, Dena R.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, POB 22, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. [Schulman-Janiger, Alisa] Calif Killer Whale Project, 2716 S Denison Ave, San Pedro, CA 90731 USA. [Shearwater, Debra] Shearwater Journeys Inc, POB 190, Hollister, CA 95024 USA. [Stap, Peggy] Marine Life Studies, POB 163, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Ternullo, Richard] 1013 Hillside Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM robert.pitman@noaa.gov FU U.S. NOAA Fisheries; BBC Natural History Film Unit; National Geographic Society FX We received invaluable assistance in the field from D. Allan, D. Anderson, and K. Jeffs, as well as J. Poncet and D. Poncet of the Golden Fleece. Additional sightings information and field assistance were kindly provided by S. Anna, C. Bane, S. Benson, L. Beraha, A. Borker, E. Bowlby, J. Collins, K. Cummings, M. de Roos, M. Donoghue, D. Ellifrit, G. Ellis, T. Evans, N. Flores, J. K. B. Ford, R. Frank, B. Gisborne, M. Joergensen, S. Johnston, G. Joyce, J. Katakura, C. Matkin, J. Mayer, K. Newton, F. Nicklin, M. Nolan, R. Palm, E. Robinson, A. H. Romero, J. Scarff, F. Sharpe, A. Spear, K. Spencer, J. Straley, J. Totterdell, T. van Wyck, J. Williams, and H. Yurk. Important comments on earlier drafts of this paper were provided by L. T. Ballance, D. J. Boness, P. J. Clapham, J. Darling, S. Mesnick, B. Wursig, and three anonymous reviewers. Genetic identifications were courtesy of K. Robertson, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA. T. J. Moore produced Figure 1. Research by RCP and JWD was supported by U.S. NOAA Fisheries, the BBC Natural History Film Unit, and a grant from National Geographic Society, and was conducted under ACA Permit No. 2009-013M#1, and MMPA No. 774-1714-08 issued to NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 156 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 33 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 7 EP 58 DI 10.1111/mms.12343 PG 52 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300001 ER PT J AU Morin, PA Baker, CS Brewer, RS Burdin, AM Dalebout, ML Dines, JP Fedutin, I Filatova, O Hoyt, E Jung, JL Lauf, M Potter, CW Richard, G Ridgway, M Robertson, KM Wade, PR AF Morin, Phillip A. Baker, C. Scott Brewer, Reid S. Burdin, Alexander M. Dalebout, Merel L. Dines, James P. Fedutin, Ivan Filatova, Olga Hoyt, Erich Jung, Jean-Luc Lauf, Morgane Potter, Charles W. Richard, Gaetan Ridgway, Michelle Robertson, Kelly M. Wade, Paul R. TI Genetic structure of the beaked whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Baird's beaked whale; Arnoux's beaked whale; Ziphiidae; mitochondrial DNA; phylogenetics; population structure; cetacean ID MOLECULAR TAXONOMY; PILOT WHALES; ZIPHIIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; CETACEA; JAPAN; OCEAN AB There are two recognized species in the genus Berardius, Baird's and Arnoux's beaked whales. In Japan, whalers have traditionally recognized two forms of Baird's beaked whales, the common slate-gray form and a smaller, rare black form. Previous comparison of mtDNA control region sequences from three black specimens to gray specimens around Japan indicated that the two forms comprise different stocks and potentially different species. We have expanded sampling to include control region haplotypes of 178 Baird's beaked whales from across their range in the North Pacific. We identified five additional specimens of the black form from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, for a total of eight black specimens. The divergence between mtDNA haplotypes of the black and gray forms of Baird's beaked whale was greater than their divergence from the congeneric Arnoux's beaked whale found in the Southern Ocean, and similar to that observed among other congeneric beaked whale species. Taken together, genetic evidence from specimens in Japan and across the North Pacific, combined with evidence of smaller adult body size, indicate presence of an unnamed species of Berardius in the North Pacific. C1 [Morin, Phillip A.; Lauf, Morgane; Robertson, Kelly M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Morin, Phillip A.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brewer, Reid S.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Fisheries Technol, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Pacific Geog Inst, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Dalebout, Merel L.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Dines, James P.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Fedutin, Ivan; Filatova, Olga] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Hoyt, Erich] Whale & Dolphin Conservat, Bridport DT6 5DD, Dorset, England. [Jung, Jean-Luc; Richard, Gaetan] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab BioGEMME, Brest, France. [Potter, Charles W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Richard, Gaetan] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Dept Biol, F-69007 Lyon, France. [Ridgway, Michelle] Auke Bay Ocean Ctr, Oceanus Alaska, Auke Bay, AK 99821 USA. [Wade, Paul R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Morin, PA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM phillip.morin@noaa.gov FU International Fund for Animal Welfare FX We are grateful to those who provided samples to the SWFSC Marine Mammal and Turtle Tissue Collection: Robin Baird and John Calambokidis, Cascadia Research Collective; T. Holms, Humboldt State University; Dee Allen, Kim Parsons, and Oswaldo Vasquez, NMML; Kate Wynne, University of Alaska Fairbanks Sea Grant Program; Barbara Mahoney, NMFS Alaska Regional Office and The Alaska Marine Mammal Stranding Network; Jorge Urban, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur; St. George Traditional Council Island Sentinel Hertha Kashaverof; Kathy Bureck-Huntington and Dylan Peterson, Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services; Bob Pitman, John Durban, Lisa Ballance, Jay Barlow, and Karen Forney, SWFSC. Naoko Funahashi assisted with access to Japanese market samples with support from the International Fund for Animal Welfare. Tadasu Yamada suggested the specimen in the Smithsonian Marine Mammal collection for genetic identification; We thank Eric Archer, James Mead, Lee Post, Patricia Rosel, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful discussion. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 96 EP 111 DI 10.1111/mms.12345 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300004 ER PT J AU Champagne, CD Kellar, NM Crocker, DE Wasser, SK Booth, RK Trego, ML Houser, DS AF Champagne, Cory D. Kellar, Nicholas M. Crocker, Daniel E. Wasser, Samuel K. Booth, Rebecca K. Trego, Marisa L. Houser, Dorian S. TI Blubber cortisol qualitatively reflects circulating cortisol concentrations in bottlenose dolphins SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stress; marine mammal; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; HPA axis; conservation ID SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BINDING PROTEINS; THYROID-HORMONE; STRESS-RESPONSE; MARINE MAMMALS; BELUGA WHALES; DIVERSE ARRAY; GOOD ENOUGH; BASE-LINE AB Stress hormones, released into circulation as a consequence of disturbance, are classically assayed from blood samples but may also be detected in a variety of matrices. Blubber and fecal samples can be remotely collected from free-ranging cetaceans without the confounding hormone elevations associated with chase, capture, and handling required to collect blood samples. The relationship between cortisol concentrations in circulation with that of blubber and feces, however, is unknown. To assess these associations, we elevated cortisol by orally administering hydrocortisone for five days in five bottlenose dolphins. Voluntary blood and fecal samples were collected daily; blubber biopsies were collected on day one, just prior to hydrocortisone administration, and days three and five of hydrocortisone administration. We evaluated subsequent changes in several circulating stress hormones as well as cortisol and glucocorticoid metabolites in blubber and feces, respectively. There was a significant association between cortisol levels in serum and in blubber (F-1,F-12.7 = 14.3, P < 0.01, mR(2) = 0.57) despite substantial variability in blubber cortisol levels. Counterintuitively, fecal cortisol metabolite levels were inversely related to serum cortisol. The relationship between serum and blubber cortisol levels suggests blubber samples from remote sampling may be useful to detect stress loads in this species. C1 [Champagne, Cory D.; Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Kellar, Nicholas M.; Trego, Marisa L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, 1801 East Cotati Ave, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Wasser, Samuel K.; Booth, Rebecca K.] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trego, Marisa L.] Ocean Associates Inc, 4007 North Abingdon St, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Champagne, CD (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cory.champagne@nmmf.org NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 134 EP 153 DI 10.1111/mms.12352 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300006 ER PT J AU Manugian, SC Greig, D Lee, D Becker, BH Allen, S Lowry, MS Harvey, JT AF Manugian, Suzanne C. Greig, Denise Lee, Derek Becker, Benjamin H. Allen, Sarah Lowry, Mark S. Harvey, James T. TI Survival probabilities and movements of harbor seals in central California SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pacific harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; radio transmitter; adult female survival; animal movement; survival; multistate mark-resight; SFB population estimate ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDII; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; MARKED ANIMALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; UNOBSERVABLE STATES; BODY-COMPOSITION; IMPLANTATION; HISTORIES AB Harbor seal numbers and population trajectories differ by location in central California. Within San Francisco Bay (SFB) counts have been relatively stable since the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act, but in coastal areas like Tomales Bay (TB), counts increased before stabilizing in the 1990s. Emigration, poor survival, and environmental effects have been hypothesized as contributors to differences between trajectories; however, basic demographic data were not available to evaluate these hypotheses. We monitored 32 radio-tagged adult females (SFB n = 17, TB n = 15) for 20 mo (2011-2013), and estimated survival, resight, and movement probabilities using mark-resight analyses and multistate mark-resight models. Annual survival probability for both sites was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.18-0.99). Six seals were observed moving between locations resulting in an estimated probability of 0.042 (95% CI = 0.023-0.076) per month equal movement between sites. Resight probability was less in SFB relative to TB, likely due to differential haul-out access, area surveyed, visibility, and resight effort. Because of wide confidence intervals and low precision of these first estimates of adult female harbor seal survival in California, this demographic must be further examined to dismiss its contribution to differing population trajectories. Using aerial survey data, we estimated 950 harbor seals in SFB (95% CI = 715-1,184) confirming numbers are still stable. C1 [Manugian, Suzanne C.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Manugian, Suzanne C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Greig, Denise] Calif Acad Sci, 55 Mus Concourse Dr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Lee, Derek] Wild Nat Inst, POB 165, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Becker, Benjamin H.] Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Pacific Coast Sci & Learning Ctr, 1 Bear Valley Rd, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. [Allen, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Pk Serv, Calif Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, 133 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lowry, Mark S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Manugian, SC (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.; Manugian, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM suzannemanugian@gmail.com OI Lee, Derek/0000-0002-1042-9543 FU Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) in Sausalito; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML); Student Packard Fund; San Francisco State University FX Research was funded in part by The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) in Sausalito and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML). Permits were obtained from the National Marine Fisheries Service (permit no. 555-1870-00) and San Jose State University (IACUC no. 931). We thank TMMC staff (Frances Gulland, Bill Van Bonn, Vanessa Fravel, Lauren Campbell, Erin Brodie, Matt Hoard) and volunteers for surgery-related efforts. We also thank members of the MLML Vertebrate Ecology Lab and volunteers (Stephanie Hughes, Liz McHuron, Deasy Lontoh, Tenaya Norris, Scott Hansen, Alex Olson, Sean Hayes, Greg Frankfurter, Patrick Flanagan) for help with seal captures and sample collection. Airplane pilots K. Harmon and B. Van Wagenen (Ecoscan Resources) graciously donated and aided in aerial tracking efforts. The National Park Service, Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge, and the CDFW San Francisco Bay Study and the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary provided logistical support. Additional funding was provided by the Student Packard Fund and the San Francisco State University travel fund. We thank reviewers Jason Baker and Jeff Laake for thoughtful critiques of the manuscript and helpful analysis recommendations. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 154 EP 171 DI 10.1111/mms.12350 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300007 ER PT J AU Balcazar, NE Klinck, H Nieukirk, SL Mellinger, DK Klinck, K Dziak, RP Rogers, TL AF Balcazar, Naysa E. Klinck, Holger Nieukirk, Sharon L. Mellinger, David K. Klinck, Karolin Dziak, Robert P. Rogers, Tracey L. TI Using calls as an indicator for Antarctic blue whale occurrence and distribution across the southwest Pacific and southeast Indian Oceans SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecological acoustics; Lau Basin; marine mammal; migration; passive acoustic monitoring; spatial distribution; Tasman Sea; vocalization ID NEW-ZEALAND; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; ACOUSTIC SURVEY; SYMPATRIC AREA; PERTH CANYON; HEMISPHERE; AUSTRALIA; FREQUENCY; LOCALIZATION; IMPACTS AB Understanding species distribution and behavior is essential for conservation programs of migratory species with recovering populations. The critically endangered Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was heavily exploited during the whaling era. Because of their low numbers, highly migratory behavior, and occurrence in remote areas, their distribution and range are not fully understood, particularly in the southwest Pacific Ocean. This is the first Antarctic blue whale study covering the southwest Pacific Ocean region from temperate to tropical waters (32 degrees S to 15 degrees S). Passive acoustic data were recorded between 2010 and 2011 across the southwest Pacific (SWPO) and southeast Indian (SEIO) oceans. We detected Antarctic blue whale calls in previously undocumented SWPO locations off eastern Australia (32 degrees S, 152 degrees E) and within the Lau Basin (20 degrees S, 176 degrees W and 15 degrees S, 173 degrees W), and SEIO off northwest Australia (19 degrees S, 115 degrees E).In temperate waters, adjacent ocean basins had similar seasonal occurrence, in that calling Antarctic blue whales were present for long periods, almost year round in some areas. In northern tropical waters, calling whales were mostly present during the austral winter. Clarifying the occurrence and distribution of critically endangered species is fundamental for monitoring population recovery, marine protected area planning, and in mitigating anthropogenic threats. C1 [Balcazar, Naysa E.; Rogers, Tracey L.] Univ New South Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Klinck, Holger; Klinck, Karolin] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Klinck, Holger; Nieukirk, Sharon L.; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Balcazar, NE (reprint author), Univ New South Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM n.balcazar@unsw.edu.au OI Balcazar, Naysa/0000-0001-7139-2855 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE 0825295, 1029278]; NOAA/PMEL Acoustics Program FX Data from the Tasman Sea, Bass Strait, Perth Canyon, and Dampier were sourced from the Integrated Marine Observing System, an Australian Government National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and Super Science Initiative. Support for deployment of the NOAA/PMEL Lau Basin hydrophone array was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, awards OCE 0825295 and 1029278, and the NOAA/PMEL Acoustics Program. This paper is NOAA/PMEL Contribution number 4,362. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 172 EP 186 DI 10.1111/mms.12373 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300008 ER PT J AU Citta, JJ Richard, P Lowry, LF O'Corry-Crowe, G Marcoux, M Suydam, R Quakenbush, LT Hobbs, RC Litovka, DI Frost, KJ Gray, T Orr, J Tinker, B Aderman, H Druckenmiller, ML AF Citta, John J. Richard, Pierre Lowry, Lloyd F. O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory Marcoux, Marianne Suydam, Robert Quakenbush, Lori T. Hobbs, Roderick C. Litovka, Denis I. Frost, Kathryn J. Gray, Tom Orr, Jack Tinker, Ben Aderman, Helen Druckenmiller, Matthew L. TI Satellite telemetry reveals population specific winter ranges of beluga whales in the Bering Sea SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beluga whales; Delphinapterus leucas; Bristol Bay; Bering Sea; Gulf of Anadyr; Chukchi Sea; Beaufort Sea; satellite-linked transmitters; winter distribution ID LEUCAS CETACEA MONODONTIDAE; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; AUTUMN MOVEMENTS; EASTERN CHUKCHI; MARINE MAMMALS; KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; BEAUFORT SEA; ALASKA AB At least five populations (stocks) of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are thought to winter in the Being Sea, including the Bristol Bay, Eastern Bering Sea (Norton Sound), Anadyr, Eastern Chukchi Sea, and Eastern Beaufort Sea (Mackenzie) populations. Belugas from each population have been tagged with satellite-linked transmitters, allowing us to describe their winter (January-March) distribution. The objectives of this paper were to determine: (1) If each population winters in the Bering Sea, and if so, where? (2) Do populations return to the same area each year (i.e., are wintering areas traditional)? (3) To what extent do the winter ranges of different populations overlap? Tagged belugas from all five populations either remained in, or moved into, the Bering Sea and spent the winter there. Each population wintered in a different part of the Bering Sea and populations with multiple years of data (four of five) returned to the same regions in multiple years. When data were available from two populations that overlapped in the same year, they did not occupy the shared area at the same time. Although our sample sizes were small, the evidence suggests belugas from different populations have traditional winter ranges that are mostly exclusive to each population. C1 [Citta, John J.; Quakenbush, Lori T.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Richard, Pierre; Marcoux, Marianne; Orr, Jack] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Lowry, Lloyd F.; Frost, Kathryn J.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 73-4388 Paiaha St, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. [O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Suydam, Robert] North Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, POB 69, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. [Hobbs, Roderick C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Litovka, Denis I.] ChukotTINRO, Marine Mammal Lab, Str Otke 56, Anadyr 689000, Chukotka, Russia. [Gray, Tom] Alaska Beluga Whale Comm, POB 306, Nome, AK 99762 USA. [Tinker, Ben] Alaska Beluga Whale Comm, POB 61, Aleknagik, AK 99555 USA. [Aderman, Helen] Bristol Bay Native Assoc, POB 310, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. [Druckenmiller, Matthew L.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Citta, JJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM john.citta@alaska.gov FU Bristol Bay Native Association; National Marine Fisheries Service (NFMS); Georgia Aquarium; Alaska Beluga Whale Committee; Bristol Bay Marine Mammal Council FX Beluga tagging in Bristol Bay was supported by the Bristol Bay Native Association, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NFMS), Georgia Aquarium, and the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee. M. Olsen and the Bristol Bay Marine Mammal Council provided strong support for this research. We also thank our boat captains, N. Apokadok, B Apokadok, G. Tallekpalek, B. Tinker, F. Bartman, A. Roehl, T. Olsen, D. Togiak, R. Hiratsuka, and their crews for their safe operations and hard work. A. Simon, T. Gray, E. Gaglione, T. Binder, M. Castellote, B. Long, D. Christianson, R. Andrews, J. Richard, G. Biedenbach, B. Mahoney, and D. Vos also assisted with tagging operations. Tagging in Bristol Bay was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permits #782-1719 and #14245 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) and #14610 issued to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). Animal care and handling was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) of ADF&G and NMML. Tagging of Eastern Bering Sea belugas was supported by the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee and conducted under ADF&G's permits and IACUC protocols. Tagging of Eastern Chukchi Sea belugas would not have been possible without the cooperation of the people and hunters of Point Lay. We thank W. Neakok, D. Neakok, B. Neakok, A. Neakok, B. Tracey, M. Tracey, J. Tazruk, G. Upicksoun, T. Nukapigak, A. Agnasagga, J. Rexford, D. Pikok Jr., C. Aniskette, A. Ashby, V. Dollarhide, L. Ferreira III, N. Hank, L. Hansen, L. Hoberecht, T. Nukapigak, T. Robeck, T. Romano, A. Simon, H. Smith, M. Sparck, S. Speckman, L. Stalker, D. Susook, B. Small, G. Van Blaricom, and K. Van Blaricom for assisting with capture and tagging of whales. Logistical support was provided by B. Tracey, M. Tracey, J. Taylor, J. Edwards, J. Rexford, and D. Susook in Point Lay and by D. Ramey, B. Achootchook, and A. Leavitt in Barrow. Tagging at Point Lay was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act permits #782-1438 and #782-1719 issued to NMML and #14610 issued to ADF&G and by ADF&G's IACUC. Tagging of Eastern Beaufort Sea belugas relied on the support and assistance of the Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Corporations of Inuvik, Aklavik, and Tuktoyaktuk, as well as the Polar Continental Shelf Project. A. Martin and B. Leblanc helped with data processing. Resources were provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Environmental Studies Revolving Fund, NMML, and NMFS. Tagging in Canada was conducted under permits issued by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Tagging of Anadyr belugas in Russia would not have been possible without the support and cooperation of ChukoTINRO. We thank V. Einuchavun, V. Einuchavun, Jr., A. Einuchavun, E. Einiki, B. Hobbs, L. Litovka, V. Babansky, A. Riabov, S. Lazerev, D. Ivanon, and V. Kontsur. Chukotka Fish Inspection provided logistic support in Anadyr and V. Burkanov (North PacificWildlife Consulting) provided assistance with permits and visas for work in Russia. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 236 EP 250 DI 10.1111/mms.12357 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300012 ER PT J AU Dunn, C Claridge, D Durban, J Shaffer, J Moretti, D Tyack, P Rendell, L AF Dunn, Charlotte Claridge, Diane Durban, John Shaffer, Jessica Moretti, David Tyack, Peter Rendell, Luke TI Insights into Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) echolocation ontogeny from recordings of mother-calf pairs SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIGNATURE WHISTLES; SIGNALS; DOLPHINS C1 [Dunn, Charlotte] Bahamas Marine Mammal Res Org, POB AB-20714, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas. [Dunn, Charlotte; Tyack, Peter; Rendell, Luke] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Durban, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shaffer, Jessica; Moretti, David] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Code 74,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Dunn, C (reprint author), Bahamas Marine Mammal Res Org, POB AB-20714, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas.; Dunn, C (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM cdunn@bahamaswhales.org OI Rendell, Luke/0000-0002-1121-9142 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR); ONR as part of the "Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance" project; Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) pooling initiative; Scottish Funding Council [HR09011] FX The data we report were collected during two studies, "Behavioral Response Study-2008" and "Using Satellite Telemetry to Monitor Beaked whale Movements on a Navy Range," both funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). We would like to thank everyone involved in the fieldwork for these studies. This work was conducted under permits issued to BMMRO, Bahamas research permit #12 (Bahamas Marine Mammal Protection Act 2005) and Prof. Ian Boyd, and under Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organization's and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidance and protocols. CD received funds for analysis from ONR as part of the "Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance" project. LR and PT were supported by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) pooling initiative and their support is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1111/mms.12351 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300020 ER PT J AU Pack, AA Herman, EYK Baker, CS Bauer, GB Clapham, PJ Connor, RC Craig, AS Forestell, PH Frankel, AS di Sciara, GN Hoffmann-Kuhnt, M Mercado, E Mobley, J Shyan-Norwalt, MR Spitz, SS Solangi, M Thompson, RKR von Fersen, L Uyeyama, R Wells, R Wolz, JP AF Pack, Adam A. Herman, Elia Y. K. Baker, C. Scott Bauer, Gordon B. Clapham, Phillip J. Connor, Richard C. Craig, Alison S. Forestell, Paul H. Frankel, Adam S. di Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo Hoffmann-Kuhnt, Matthias Mercado, Eduardo, III Mobley, Joseph Shyan-Norwalt, Melissa R. Spitz, Scott S. Solangi, Moby Thompson, Roger K. R. von Fersen, Lorenzo Uyeyama, Robert Wells, Randall Wolz, James P. TI Louis M. Herman 1930-2016 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.; Herman, Elia Y. K.; Spitz, Scott S.; Uyeyama, Robert; Wolz, James P.] Dolphin Inst, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Herman, Elia Y. K.] State Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bauer, Gordon B.] New Coll Florida, Div Social Sci, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. [Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Connor, Richard C.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Craig, Alison S.] Edinburgh Napier Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Forestell, Paul H.] Keuka Coll, New York, NY 14478 USA. [Frankel, Adam S.] Hawaii Marine Mammal Consortium, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Frankel, Adam S.] Marine Acoust Inc, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. [di Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo] Tethys Res Inst, I-20124 Milan, Italy. [Hoffmann-Kuhnt, Matthias] Natl Univ Singapore, Trop Marine Sci Inst, Acoust Res Lab, Singapore 119227, Singapore. [Mercado, Eduardo, III] Univ Buffalo State Univ New York, Dept Psychol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Mobley, Joseph] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Nursing & Dent Hyg, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mobley, Joseph; Spitz, Scott S.] Marine Mammal Res Consultants, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Shyan-Norwalt, Melissa R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, McMicken Coll Arts & Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Solangi, Moby] Inst Marine Mammal Studies, Gulfport, MS 39503 USA. [Thompson, Roger K. R.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Psychol, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Thompson, Roger K. R.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Biol Fdn Behav Program, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [von Fersen, Lorenzo] Tiergarten Nuernberg, D-90480 Nurnberg, Germany. [Wells, Randall] Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Pack, AA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Psychol, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 33 IS 1 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1111/mms.12387 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA EG4TT UT WOS:000391037300024 ER PT J AU He, QL Kou, XF Grutter, AJ Yin, G Pan, L Che, XY Liu, YX Nie, TX Zhang, B Disseler, SM Kirby, BJ Ratcliff, W Shao, QM Murata, K Zhu, XD Yu, GQ Fan, YB Montazeril, M Han, XD Borchers, JA Wang, KL AF He, Qing Lin Kou, Xufeng Grutter, Alexander J. Yin, Gen Pan, Lei Che, Xiaoyu Liu, Yuxiang Nie, Tianxiao Zhang, Bin Disseler, Steven M. Kirby, Brian J. Ratcliff, William Shao, Qiming Murata, Koichi Zhu, Xiaodan Yu, Guoqiang Fan, Yabin Montazeril, Mohammad Han, Xiaodong Borchers, Julie A. Wang, Kang L. TI Tailoring exchange couplings in magnetic topological-insulator/antiferromagnet heterostructures SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR; PROXIMITY; PHASE; ORDER; BIAS; CRSB AB Magnetic topological insulators such as Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3 provide a platform for the realization of versatile time reversal symmetry-breaking physics. By constructing heterostructures exhibiting Neel order in an antiferromagnetic CrSb and ferromagnetic order in Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)(2)Te-3, we realize emergent interfacial magnetic phenomena which can be tailored through artificial structural engineering. Through deliberate geometrical design of heterostructures and superlattices, we demonstrate the use of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in manipulating the magnetic properties of magnetic topological insulators. Proximity effects are shown to induce an interfacial spin texture modulation and establish an effective long-range exchange coupling mediated by antiferromagnetism, which significantly enhances the magnetic ordering temperature in the superlattice. This work provides a new framework on integrating topological insulators with antiferromagnetic materials and unveils new avenues towards dissipationless topological antiferromagnetic spintronics. C1 [He, Qing Lin; Kou, Xufeng; Yin, Gen; Pan, Lei; Che, Xiaoyu; Liu, Yuxiang; Nie, Tianxiao; Shao, Qiming; Murata, Koichi; Zhu, Xiaodan; Yu, Guoqiang; Fan, Yabin; Montazeril, Mohammad; Wang, Kang L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Grutter, Alexander J.; Disseler, Steven M.; Kirby, Brian J.; Ratcliff, William; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Bin; Zhu, Xiaodan] Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Microstruct & Property Adv Mat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China. RP He, QL; Wang, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM qlhe@ucla.edu; wang@ee.ucla.edu RI Yu, Guoqiang/F-1871-2013; OI Yu, Guoqiang/0000-0002-7439-6920; Kou, Xufeng/0000-0002-8860-5105 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-15-1-10561]; Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [SC0012670]; National Science Foundation [DMA-1411085]; FAME Center; one of six centre of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - MARCO; one of six centre of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program - DARPA FX We thank S. Watson, R. Erwin and W Chen for their assistance in the neutron diffraction experiment. We are also grateful for the support from the Army Research Office accomplished under Grant Number W911NF-15-1-10561. We also acknowledge the support by the Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under award #SC0012670, and the National Science Foundation (DMA-1411085). This work was supported in part by the FAME Center, one of six centres of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 37 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 16 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1038/NMAT4783 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA EG8YL UT WOS:000391343300018 PM 27798622 ER PT J AU Cheng, HB Hida, H Ouyang, J Kanno, I AF Cheng, Hongbo Hida, Hirotaka Ouyang, Jun Kanno, Isaku TI Electromechanical properties of BaTiO3-xBaSnO(3) thin films prepared via combinatorial sputtering SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE BaTiO3; Doping; Combinatorial method; Magnetron sputtering; Si ID LEAD-FREE PIEZOCERAMICS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; MEMS; DEPENDENCE AB (1-x)BaTiO3-xBaSnO(3) (BT-xBS, 0 <= x <= 0.20) perovskite thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/Si substrates with uniaxial graded composition by using a dual-target combinatorial sputtering technique. These films were highly (101)-oriented and showed strong composition dependence in their electromechanical properties. The maximum value of the relative dielectric constant was 925 at around x=0.028, where the transverse piezoelectric coefficient vertical bar e(31,f)vertical bar also peaked at about 1.5-1.9 C/m(2). This vertical bar e(31,f)vertical bar value is higher than those of epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films. Our results indicate that BT-xBS is a promising substitute of lead-based perovskites for applications in piezoelectric MEMS devices. C1 [Cheng, Hongbo; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hongbo; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hongbo; Hida, Hirotaka; Kanno, Isaku] Kobe Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Ouyang, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China.; Kanno, I (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn; kanno@mech.kobe-u.ac.jp RI Hida, Hirotaka/J-2100-2014; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017; OI Hida, Hirotaka/0000-0002-4749-1893; Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU NSFC of China [91122024]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); Shandong University's overseas exchange program; Nano Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University [2015JC034, 2015YQ009]; "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University; Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the NSFC of China (Project Grant No. 91122024), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), Shandong University's overseas exchange program, Nano Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445), the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034, 2015YQ009), H.C. would like to thank F. Kurokawa and Y. Tsujiura for their great help during experiments and J.O. would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University and the support from the Material Measurement Laboratory of NIST, Gaithersburg, MD (USA). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 EI 1873-3956 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1597 EP 1601 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.052 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA EG0QK UT WOS:000390737100099 ER PT J AU Mazzuca, GM Pickering, KE Clark, RD Loughner, CP Fried, A Zweers, DCS Weinheimer, AJ Dickerson, RR AF Mazzuca, Gina M. Pickering, Kenneth E. Clark, Richard D. Loughner, Christopher P. Fried, Alan Zweers, Deborah C. Stein Weinheimer, Andrew J. Dickerson, Russell R. TI Use of tethersonde and aircraft profiles to study the impact of mesoscale and microscale meteorology on air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Bay breeze; Gulf breeze; DISCOVER-AQ campaign; Pollution ID LOWER-TROPOSPHERE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURFACE OZONE; BREEZE; POLLUTION AB Highly-resolved vertical profiles of ozone and reactive nitrogen in the lower troposphere were obtained using Millersville University's tethered balloon system and NASA's P-3B aircraft during the July 2011 Baltimore, MD/Washington DC and the September 2013 Houston, TX deployments of the NASA DISCOVER-AQ air quality field mission. The tethered balloon and surface measurement sites were located at Edgewood, MD and Smith Point, TX. The balloon profiles are used to connect aircraft data from the lowest portion of NASA's P-3B spirals (300 m AGL) to the surface thus creating complete profiles from the surface to 3-5 km AGL. The highest concentrations of surface ozone at these coastal sites resulted from mean flow transport of polluted air over an adjacent body of water followed by advection back over land several hours later, due to a bay or gulf breeze. Several meteorological processes including horizontal advection, vertical mixing, thermally direct circulation (i.e., bay, gulf, and, sea breezes) combined with chemical processes like photochemical production and deposition played a role in the local ozone maxima. Several small-scale, but highly polluted layers from the Chesapeake Bay advected landward over Edgewood, MD. The Houston Metro area was subject to large-scale recirculation of emissions from petrochemical sources by the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay breezes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mazzuca, Gina M.; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 4254 Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Clark, Richard D.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Zweers, Deborah C. Stein] KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Fried, Alan] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Loughner, Christopher P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Loughner, Christopher P.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Mazzuca, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 4254 Stadium Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gmazzuca@umd.edu RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA's AQAST [NNX10AR39G]; MDE; RAMMPP FX The work presented here was supported under [NNX10AR39G], by NASA's AQAST, and by MDE, and RAMMPP. The authors would like to thank James Crawford, Gao Chen, Mary Kleb, and all of the DISCOVER-AQ participants. Thanks to Edwin Gluth (MDE), Anne Thompson, Douglas Martins, Ryan Stauffer (PSU), Clare Flynn (UMD), Michael Charnick (Millersville), and Millersville University undergraduate students who participated in the tethered balloon and surface operation during DISCOVER-AQ NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 149 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.025 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF7MQ UT WOS:000390514100006 ER PT J AU Su, Y Yang, GQ Lu, K Petersen, EJ Mao, L AF Su, Yu Yang, Guoqing Lu, Kun Petersen, Elijah J. Mao, Liang TI Colloidal properties and stability of aqueous suspensions of few-layer graphene: Importance of graphene concentration SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Nanomaterial; Agglomeration; Sedimentation; Bioaccumulation ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; AGGREGATION KINETICS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE NANOSHEETS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DAPHNIA-MAGNA AB Understanding the colloidal stability of graphene is essential for predicting its transport and ecological risks in aquatic environments. We investigated the agglomeration of C-14-labeled few-layer graphene (FLG) at concentrations spanning nearly four orders of magnitude (2 mu g/L to 10 mg/L) using dynamic light scattering and sedimentation measurements. FLG agglomerates formed rapidly in deionized water at concentrations >3 mg/L. From 1 mg/L to 3 mg/L, salt-induced agglomeration was decreased with dilution of FLG suspensions; the critical coagulation concentration of the more concentrated suspension (3 mg/L) was significantly lower than the dilute suspension (1 mg/L) in the presence of NaCl (1.6 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L, respectively). In contrast, FLG underwent slow agglomeration and settling at concentrations <= 0.1 mg/L in NaCl solutions and ambient waters with low ionic strength (<10 mmol/L). FLG nanoparticles with smaller lateral sizes (25 nm-75 nm) were shown to agglomerate more slowly than larger FLG, and these small FLG particles exhibited greater bioaccumulation in zebrafish embryo and stronger chorion penetration ability than larger FLG particles. These findings suggest that FLG at more environmentally relevant concentration is relatively stable and may have implications for exposure of small FLG to ecological receptors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Su, Yu; Yang, Guoqing; Lu, Kun; Mao, Liang] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mao, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM lmao@nju.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21377049, 21677074, 21607072]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China [201355] FX We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21377049, 21677074, and 21607072) and a Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (201355). Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 220 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.089 PN A PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG0QG UT WOS:000390736700051 PM 27720543 ER PT J AU Hedberg, TD Hartman, NW Rosche, P Fischer, K AF Hedberg, Thomas D., Jr. Hartman, Nathan W. Rosche, Phil Fischer, Kevin TI Identified research directions for using manufacturing knowledge earlier in the product life cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE knowledge management; multi-criteria decision-making; design for manufacturing; collaborative engineering; model-based manufacturing ID DESIGN; MODEL AB Design for manufacturing (DFM), especially the use of manufacturing knowledge to support design decisions, has received attention in the academic domain. However, industry practice has not been studied enough to provide solutions that are mature for industry. The current state of the art for DFM is often rule-based functionality within computer-aided design (CAD) systems that enforce specific design requirements. That rule-based functionality may or may not dynamically affect geometry definition. And, if rule-based functionality exists in the CAD system, it is typically a customisation on a case-by-case basis. Manufacturing knowledge is a phrase with vast meanings, which may include knowledge on the effects of material properties decisions, machine and process capabilities or understanding the unintended consequences of design decisions on manufacturing. One of the DFM questions to answer is: How can manufacturing knowledge, depending on its definition, be used earlier in the product life cycle to enable a more collaborative development environment? This paper will discuss the results of a workshop on manufacturing knowledge that highlights several research questions needing more study. This paper proposes recommendations for investigating the relationship of manufacturing knowledge with shape, behaviour and context characteristics of a product to produce a better understanding of what knowledge is most important. In addition, the proposal includes recommendations for investigating the system-level barriers to reusing manufacturing knowledge and how model-based manufacturing may ease the burden of knowledge sharing. Lastly, the proposal addresses the direction of future research for holistic solutions of using manufacturing knowledge earlier in the product life cycle. C1 [Hedberg, Thomas D., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hartman, Nathan W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rosche, Phil] Adv Collaborat Consulting Resources, Summerville, SC USA. [Fischer, Kevin] Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. RP Hedberg, TD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.hedberg@nist.gov OI Hedberg Jr, Thomas/0000-0002-9024-2059 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 EI 1366-588X J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2017 VL 55 IS 3 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.1080/00207543.2016.1213453 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA EG1IN UT WOS:000390785800012 PM 27990027 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Ward, JE Holohan, BA Shumway, SE Wikfors, GH AF Rosa, Maria Ward, J. Evan Holohan, Bridget A. Shumway, Sandra E. Wikfors, Gary H. TI Physicochemical surface properties of microalgae and their combined effects on particle selection by suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microalgae; Bivalve molluscs; Surface characteristics; Feeding selectivity; C. virginica; M. edulis ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; CLEARANCE RATE MEASUREMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; BLUE MUSSEL; PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; GIGAS; EFFICIENCY AB The capabilities of bivalve molluscs to feed selectively have been well documented, and physicochemical properties of particles have been implicated as possible factors in the selection process. In this study, the surface-property profiles of nine different microalgal species were determined by characterizing the surface charge, wettability (=contact angle), and surface carbohydrate moieties. Three fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated lectins were used to characterize carbohydrate moieties, including concanavalin A (ConA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PEA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Distinct surface-property profiles were identified using linear discriminant analysis (DA) and used to design mixed-algal feeding experiments to assess particle selection by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Results demonstrated preferential ingestion of some algal species over others, with strong rejection of some species (e.g. Pavlova lutheri and Prasinocladus marinus). These data were then used to develop DA and multiple linear regression models that considered the quantified surface properties and microalgal fates (rejected, ingested, or no selection) to examine determinants of selection. The DA model correctly classified 58% of the selection outcomes in mussels and 57% in oysters. Wettability was the most important factor in predicting selection in mussels, and surface charge was most important for oysters. In the multiple linear regression analyses, lectin affinity and wettability were the strongest predictors of particle selection, explaining ca. 90% of the variability in electivity index for mussels and 94% of the variability for oysters. By characterizing both physical and chemical surface properties of several microalgaeused as food for suspension-feeding bivalves, we demonstrate that multiple surface-property characteristics need to be considered in order to develop meaningful models of particle selection in bivalves. Future research also should take into account species-specific differences in selection. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosa, Maria; Ward, J. Evan; Holohan, Bridget A.; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Rosa, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM maria.rosa@uconn.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOS-1147122] FX This research was funded by a National Science Foundation grant to JEW and SES (IOS-1147122). Our deepest gratitude for the efforts of Mark Dixon and Jenifer Alix (NOAA/NMFS Milford laboratory) for growing the algae used in this study, and ensuring several volumes of multiple species were available simultaneously. Our thanks also go to Dr. E. Pales Espinosa and M. Ouvrard (Stonybrook University), and A. Frink (University of Connecticut) for help with the feeding experiments. Dr. K. Brown (University of Connecticut) provided valuable advice and aid with the regression models and we thank him for his time. We also thank an annonymous reviewer who provided valuable advice and edits on improving the manuscript. [SW] NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 486 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.09.007 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF7FP UT WOS:000390495800007 ER PT J AU Marco, A Abella-Perez, E Tiwari, M AF Marco, Adolfo Abella-Perez, Elena Tiwari, Manjula TI Vulnerability of loggerhead turtle eggs to the presence of clay and silt on nesting beaches SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea turtles; Nesting; Threats; Clay/silt; Incubation ID CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLE; HATCHING SUCCESS; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATION; CLUTCHES; ROOKERY; ISLANDS; FLORIDA AB Sea turtle nests usually suffer a high mortality on important nesting grounds. Understanding the main factors that influence hatching success and productivity on important rookeries of endangered populations is essential to properly manage and protect them. The amount of clay can be high on some nesting beaches and could affect egg incubation. In the main loggerhead rookery in the Eastern Atlantic (Boa Vista, Cape Verde), clays and silts are very common on near 10% of the main nesting beaches, and turtles do not avoid clay substrates when they lay their eggs. Nests incubated on sandy substrates rich on clay and silt had a very high mortality. The same occurs on nests with the eggs stained with clay and incubated in sand free of clay. Tile eggs experimentally incubated with a covering layer of clay (30%, 50% and 80% of the eggshell) suffered an important loss of water, which in the extreme cases was irreversible, causing the death of the embryos. 75% of the eggs with 80% of their eggshells covered with clay died, while the mortality rate of the control eggs was only 25%. The salt content of the clay/silt seems not to be responsible for the egg dehydration and death. The hatchlings born from eggs with only 30% of the eggshell covered by clay were slower that those born from control eggs. Substrates with a significant presence of clay/silt can seriously disrupt embryonic development, reducing the emergence success of nests and should be avoided on nest relocation programs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marco, Adolfo; Abella-Perez, Elena] CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Seville 41092, Spain. [Marco, Adolfo; Abella-Perez, Elena] BIOS CV, Rua Milagro, Sal Rei, Boa Vista, Cape Verde. [Tiwari, Manjula] NOAA, Ocean Associates Inc, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tiwari, Manjula] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Marco, A (reprint author), CSIC, Estn Biol Donana, Seville 41092, Spain. EM amarco@ebd.csic.es FU Ministry of the Environment of the Regional Government of Andalusia; Regional Government of the Canary Islands; Fuerteventura Inter-Island Council (Cabildo de Fuerteventura) FX We would like to thank the Ministry of the Environment of the Regional Government of Andalusia, the Regional Government of the Canary Islands and the Fuerteventura Inter-Island Council (Cabildo de Fuerteventura) for funding this research. We thank the General Directorate of Environment of Cape Verde (Direccao Geral do Ambiente), the Boa Vista municipal chamber (Camara Municipal da Boavista), the Canary Institute of Marine Sciences and the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria for their help. We are grateful to Fernando Madrid for the soil sample analysis in the Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), to the Cape Verdean NGO Cabo Verde Natura 2000 and to its staff for their logistical support, to all volunteers who took part in the collection of nests and the preparation of the experiments and, especially, to E. Evora, R. M. Garcia, S. Martins, R. Rodriguez y M. Salzwasser for their support and unconditional help in the field and laboratory work. All regulations for animal welfare and experimentation were followed and all needed permits were obtained from the Cape Verde Government [SS] NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 486 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.10.015 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF7FP UT WOS:000390495800024 ER PT J AU Minello, TJ AF Minello, Thomas J. TI Environmental factors affecting burrowing by brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and their susceptibility to capture in towed nets SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burrowing; Penaeid shrimp; Catch efficiency; Trawls ID JUVENILE PENAEID PRAWNS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; PINK SHRIMP; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; DUORARUM; LIGHT; EFFICIENCY; BEHAVIOR; FISH; METAPENAEUS AB Laboratory experiments were conducted under simulated daytime conditions to examine the effects of salinity, sediment texture, size, density, and hunger on burrowing behavior of juvenile brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus. Over all experimental conditions (20,929 observations of 2411 individual shrimp), 77.5% of brown shrimp and 21.4% of white shrimp were observed burrowed with more than half of their body beneath the substrate. The tendency of burrowed shrimp to emerge from burrows when disturbed also was tested. When burrowing rates were examined in combination with this tendency to emerge upon disturbance, only 46.7% of brown shrimp would be susceptible to capture in towed nets, while almost all (97%) white shrimp would be susceptible. All environmental factors examined in this study, except salinity for white shrimp, significantly affected burrowing of these species. When these environmental effects on burrowing were combined with the likelihood of emergence, however, the effects of salinity and substrate type on brown shrimp behavior appeared most likely to affect capture by towed nets. Estuarine abundance indices from resource surveys using towed nets could be adjusted using such vulnerability estimates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Minello, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM tom.minello@noaa.gov FU NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was funded by the NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Experiments were conducted by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, I would like to thank Edward Klima, Roger Zimmerman, Eduardo Martinez, and Pamela Baker for support and assistance in conducting these experiments. Lawrence Rozas, Alex Chester, and Jeff Pulver reviewed earlier versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions reported here do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. [SW] NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 486 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.10.010 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF7FP UT WOS:000390495800032 ER PT J AU Morse, RE Friedland, KD Tommasi, D Stock, C Nye, J AF Morse, R. E. Friedland, K. D. Tommasi, D. Stock, C. Nye, J. TI Distinct zooplankton regime shift patterns across ecoregions of the US Northeast continental shelf Large Marine Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Marine ecology; Community composition; Zooplankton; Long-term changes; Seasonal variations; Climate ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ABUNDANCE TRENDS; GULF; VARIABILITY; MAINE; CLIMATE; OCEAN; INDICATOR AB We investigated regime shifts in seasonal zooplankton communities of the Northeast continental shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES) and its subcomponent ecoregions over a multi-decadal period (1977-2013). Our cross ecoregion analysis shows that regime shifts in different ecoregions often exhibited very distinct characteristics, emphasizing more granular fluctuations in NES plankton communities relative to previous work. Shifts early in the time series generally reflected an increase in abundance levels. The response of zooplankton abundance within fall communities was more similar among ecoregions than for spring communities. The Gulf of Maine exhibited highly distinct patterns from other ecoregions, with regime shifts identified in the early 1980s, early 2000s, and mid-2000s for spring communities. Regime shifts were identified in the early to mid-1990s for the NES, Georges Bank, and the Mid-Atlantic Bight ecoregions, while the fall communities experienced shifts in the early 1990s and late 1980s for the NES and Georges Bank, but in the late 1990s in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. A constrained correspondence analysis of zooplankton community against local and basin-scale climatological indices suggests that water temperature, stratification, and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) were the predominant factors in driving the zooplankton community composition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Morse, R. E.; Friedland, K. D.] NOAA Fisheries, NEFSC, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Tommasi, D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, C.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nye, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Morse, RE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NEFSC, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ryan.morse@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment [14-03] FX We wish to thank the staff of the NOAA Northeast Fishery Science Center and all who have contributed to the EcoMon and MARMAP zooplankton programs over the many years. We also thank Mike Fogarty, Jon Hare, Andrew, Barton, Dave Richardson, and Vince Saba for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was supported by a NOAA Fisheries and the Environment grant to K.F., project 14-03. Acknowledgment of the above individuals does not imply their endorsement of this work; the authors have sole responsibility for the content of this contribution. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 165 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.09.011 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EG0QO UT WOS:000390737500007 ER PT J AU Yeung, C Yang, MS AF Yeung, Cynthia Yang, Mei-Sun TI Habitat quality of the coastal southeastern Bering Sea for juvenile flatfishes from the relationships between diet, body condition and prey availability SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Flatfish; Spatial distribution; Benthic infauna; Prey; Environment; Ecosystem; Habitat ID NORTHERN ROCK SOLE; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; AQUATIC FOOD-WEB; NURSERY GROUNDS; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; HIPPOGLOSSOIDES-ELASSODON; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; CONDITION INDEXES; STOMACH CONTENTS AB The distribution and body condition of juvenile northern rock sole (NRS), Lepidopsetta polyxystra, and yellowfin sole (YFS), Limanda aspera, were studied in relation to prey availability across the coastal shelf at the Alaska Peninsula boundary of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) to assess spatial variability in habitat quality. Juveniles of <= 20 cm and adults of >= 30 cm total length were collected from bottom trawl catch samples at stations located 10 to 120 km from the Alaska Peninsula coast, and in bottom depths of 28 to 85 m. Stomach contents and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from muscle tissue were analyzed to describe diet composition. The quantity and quality of prey did not significantly affect the distribution of juvenile NRS and YFS. Spatial mismatch between the diet composition and the infauna prey assemblage suggested that prey availability was not limiting across the area, allowing fish to select for prey, presumably to maximize net energy gain. The body condition of juvenile NRS was higher in the eastern section of the area (Bristol Bay) - where they shared spatial and dietary niches with juvenile YFS, than in the west section (Unimak Island) where juvenile YFS were largely absent A difference in body condition suggests that habitat quality may be higher in Bristol Bay. For NRS, stomach contents and stable isotopes in muscle tissue indicated an ontogenetic diet shift from amphipods to polychaetes from juvenile to adult stages. In contrast, for YFS, amphipods seemed to remain the primary prey and polychaetes the least important prey from juvenile to adult stage. Given that the high prey availability found in this south coastal area of EBS extends to areas across the EBS shelf, favorable habitat for juvenile flatfishes should be extensive. However, much of this potential juvenile habitat is underutilized by NRS, which were mainly limited to Bristol Bay and the Alaska Peninsula, whereas YFS did extend north over 500 km from Bristol Bay along the inner shelf domain (<= 50 m deep). Abiotic factors, particularly ocean currents and water temperature, may be more significant than prey availability in the spatial distribution of juveniles. Thus, changes in the hydrographic and thermal regime of the EBS are likely to impact juvenile flatfish distribution and habitat productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeung, Cynthia; Yang, Mei-Sun] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Yeung, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cynthia.yeung@noaa.gov; mei-sun.yang@noaa.gov NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 119 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2016.10.002 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EG3TH UT WOS:000390967100003 ER PT J AU Aziz, AH Wahlquist, J Soliner, A Ferguson, V DelRio, FW Bryant, SJ AF Aziz, Aaron H. Wahlquist, Joseph Soliner, Aaron Ferguson, Virginia DelRio, Frank W. Bryant, Stephanie J. TI Mechanical characterization of sequentially layered photo-clickable thiol-ene hydrogels SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Multi-layer hydrogel; Interfacial properties; Nanoindentation; Atomic force microscopy ID RADICAL POLYMERIZATION KINETICS; SOLUTE DIFFUSION; MULTILAYER HYDROGEL; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; PRIMARY CYCLIZATION; PEG HYDROGELS; SCAFFOLD; GLYCOL); GELS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Multi-layer hydrogels are promising for tissue engineering due to the ability to control the local properties within each layer. However, the interface that forms between each layer-has the potential to affect the performance of the hydrogel. The goals of this study were to characterize how the interface forms via its thickness and mechanical properties, identify its impact on the overall hydrogel properties, and provide new insights into how to control the interface. A photo-clickable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel was used to form bilayer hydrogels that were sequentially polymerized in a step-and-repeat process. Different processing conditions were studied: the time (0-20 min) before initiating polymerization of the second layer (soak time, t(s)) and the hydrogel crosslink density (the same, less crosslinked, or more crosslinked) of the first layer as compared to the second layer. Interface thickness was characterized by confocal microscopy, monomer transport by Fickian diffusion, single and bilayer hydrogel mechanics by bulk moduli measurements, and interface moduli measurements using AFM, nanoindentation, and strain mapping. The interface thickness ranged from similar to 70 to 600 lam (1-10% of total height) depending on processing conditions, but did not affect the bulk hydrogel modulus. Analysis of monomer transport revealed that convection, due to changes in hydrogel swelling, and diffusion contribute to interface thickness. Nanomechanical analysis of bilayer hydrogels formed from soft (75 kPa) and stiff (250 kPa) layers showed a gradient in elastic modulus across the interface, which corresponded to strain maps. In summary, this work identifies that diffusive and convective transport of monomers across the interface controls its thickness and that a mechanically robust interface forms, which does.not affect the hydrogel modulus. By controlling the processing conditions, the thickness of the interface can be tuned without affecting the mechanical properties of the bulk hydrogel. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Aziz, Aaron H.; Soliner, Aaron; Bryant, Stephanie J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, UCB 596,3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Aziz, Aaron H.; Ferguson, Virginia; Bryant, Stephanie J.] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wahlquist, Joseph; Ferguson, Virginia] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ferguson, Virginia; Bryant, Stephanie J.] Univ Colorado, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bryant, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, UCB 596,3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stephanie.bryant@colorado.edu RI Ferguson, Virginia/K-6962-2012 OI Ferguson, Virginia/0000-0002-8448-4406 FU NSF [0847390, 1055989, 1338154]; NIH [TGM008732C]; Department of Education's Graduate Assistantship in Areas of National Need [P200A120063]; NIST Measurement Science & Engineering Fellowship [70NANB10H027]; University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA FX Research reported in this publication was partially supported by the NSF Career Award DMR #0847390 (A.H.A., S.J.B.) and NSF Career Award CBET #1055989 (J.W., V.L.F.), NIH Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Training Fellowship TGM008732C (A.H.A.), Department of Education's Graduate Assistantship in Areas of National Need P200A120063 (A.H.A.) and NIST Measurement Science & Engineering Fellowship 70NANB10H027 (A.H.A.). The authors acknowledge the NSF Major Research Instrumentation Award (NSF CBET#1338154) and the University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA, for funding the combined Raman spectroscopy - nanoindenter system used in this work. Specific commercial equipment, instruments, and materials that are identified in this report are listed in order to adequately describe the experimental procedure and are not intended to imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 EI 1878-0180 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 65 BP 454 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.09.007 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA EF9BG UT WOS:000390625100040 PM 27664813 ER PT J AU DePiper, GS Lipton, DW Lipcius, RN AF DePiper, Geret S. Lipton, Douglas W. Lipcius, Romuald N. TI Valuing Ecosystem Services: Oysters, Denitrification, and Nutrient Trading Programs SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Oyster reef; ecosystem services; denitrification; nutrient sequestration ID FRESH-WATER AQUACULTURE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RESTORATION; HABITAT; REEF; NITROGEN; METAPOPULATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; DISEASE AB As part of their strategy to meet total maximum daily load restrictions in the Chesapeake Bay, managers have developed nutrient trading markets to curb nitrogen and phosphorus flows into the estuarine system. Historically, nutrient trading programs have been restricted to credits between point sources or for agricultural mitigation technologies, such as the planting of cover crops. However, the denitrification and nutrient sequestration associated with oyster reefs has recently been a topic of much biological research. We investigate the role that nutrient credits for ecosystem services provided by restored oyster reefs can play in optimally managing oyster reef complexes by developing a coupled bioeconomic model of oyster reef growth and harvest. Our findings suggest that, along with harvest, the regulating services of denitrification and nutrient sequestration lead to positive net benefits in a majority of scenarios analyzed, although local environmental conditions play a prominent role in the ultimate outcomes. C1 [DePiper, Geret S.] NOAA Fisheries, 166 Water St,MB 19, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lipton, Douglas W.] NOAA Fisheries, Econ, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lipcius, Romuald N.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP DePiper, GS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 166 Water St,MB 19, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM geret.depiper@noaa.gov; douglas.lipton@noaa.gov; rom@vims.edu FU US National Science Foundation [DMS-1313093] FX We thank participants at a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department Seminar, particularly Julie Kellner, for helpful suggestions in the link between filtration rates and denitrification. R. N. Lipcius received grant funding from the US National Science Foundation #DMS-1313093 and acknowledges intellectual discussions with Junping Shi and Leah Shaw. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1086/688976 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA EF7OW UT WOS:000390519900001 ER PT J AU Anderson, LE Plummer, ML AF Anderson, Leif E. Plummer, Mark L. TI Recreational Demand for Shellfish Harvesting Under Environmental Closures SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biotoxin; contingent behavior; pollution; Puget Sound; recreational demand; shellfish harvesting ID STATED PREFERENCE DATA; BENEFIT TRANSFER; HUMAN HEALTH; MODELS; DIFFERENCE; VALUATION; CHOICE; SYSTEM; TOXINS; OCEANS AB The Puget Sound estuary provides one of the most valuable shellfish habitats in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Shellfish are important economically, ecologically, and socially to the Puget Sound basin. The State of Washington manages the safety of shellfish harvest areas by assessing water quality on an ongoing basis and instituting advisories and closures based on water quality thresholds. Managers currently have little information to understand the effect of these closures on harvesting effort or economic values. In order to address this important need, we recently conducted a contingent behavior survey of recreational shellfish harvesters that use Puget Sound beaches. The survey elicited the number of annual trips respondents would expect to take under alternative closure scenarios, including a baseline of no closure. We estimate the demand for recreational trips using a count model system, quantifying the economic value lost to harvesters when beaches are closed due to pollution or biotoxins. C1 [Anderson, Leif E.; Plummer, Mark L.] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anderson, Leif E.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Plummer, Mark L.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Anderson, LE (reprint author), Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Anderson, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM leif.anderson@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service. This article and its findings do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Commerce, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1086/688975 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA EF7OW UT WOS:000390519900003 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, AT Morgan, S AF Gutierrez, Alexis T. Morgan, Sian TI Impediments to fisheries sustainability - Coordination between public and private fisheries governance systems SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Non-state market-driven governance; Seafood certification; Fisheries governance; Network governance; Sustainable Seafood Movement ID MANAGEMENT; INTERESTS; TRAGEDY; SEAFOOD; COMMONS; FISH AB The Sustainable Seafood Movement (movement) arose in reaction to government fisheries managers' inertia and failure to prevent overfishing, overcapacity and impacts on the ecosystem. This movement has successfully developed non-state market-driven governance tools to catalyse improvements in fisheries governance. Non-state market-driven governance is often discussed in the context of certification programs such as the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), but this is just one facet of a diversified, multi-pronged governance regime that has been created to improve the sustainability of fisheries; others include fisheries improvement projects, sustainable seafood sourcing policies, and traceability schemes. Movement actors use these non-state market-driven governance tools to reform fisheries governance through the supply chain. While recognition exists in the literature of the continued importance of fisheries governance reform, the complementary nature and the need for improved coordination between public governance and non state market-driven governance efforts is insufficiently explored. Few actors in either sector understand fully the work of the other. Using the United Kingdom and the United States as case studies, this paper contrasts public governance mechanisms with non-state market-driven governance mechanisms to highlight where their efforts are complements, substitutes, rivals, or monopolies. Understanding the roles and structures of these governance regimes is necessary to identify impediments to coordination as well as possible solutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gutierrez, Alexis T.] Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Environm Change Inst, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Gutierrez, Alexis T.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Morgan, Sian] SCS Global Serv, 2000 Powell St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Morgan, Sian] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Project Seahorse, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Gutierrez, AT (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Environm Change Inst, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.; Gutierrez, AT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM alexistgutierrez@gmail.com NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 20 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 135 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.10.016 PG 14 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA EG0RG UT WOS:000390739300008 ER PT J AU Jung, K Choi, S Kulvatunyou, B Cho, H Morris, KC AF Jung, Kiwook Choi, SangSu Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Cho, Hyunbo Morris, K. C. TI A reference activity model for smart factory design and improvement SO PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Activity model; smart manufacturing system; factory design and improvement (FDI); enterprise integration; reference model ID MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS; 6 THINGS; ENTERPRISES; FRAMEWORK; PRODUCT; MANAGE AB Smart manufacturing systems (SMSs) are envisioned to contain highly automated and IT-driven production systems. To address the complexity that arises in such systems, a standard and holistic model for describing its activities and their interrelationships is needed. This paper introduces a factory design and improvement (FDI) activity model and illustrates a case study of FDI in an electromechanical component factory. In essence, FDI is a reference activity model that encompasses a range of manufacturing system activities for designing and improving a factory during its initial development and also its operational phases. The FDI model shows not only the dependency between activities and manufacturing control levels but also the pieces of information and software functions each activity relies on. We envision that the availability of these pieces of information in digital form to integrate across the software functions will increase the agility of factory design and improvement projects. Therefore, our future work lies in contributing to standards for exchanging such information. C1 [Jung, Kiwook; Choi, SangSu; Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Morris, K. C.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, Pohang, South Korea. RP Choi, S (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sangsu.choi@igiamerica.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7287 EI 1366-5871 J9 PROD PLAN CONTROL JI Prod. Plan. Control PY 2017 VL 28 IS 2 BP 108 EP 122 DI 10.1080/09537287.2016.1237686 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA EG0VH UT WOS:000390749900002 ER PT J AU van der Sleen, P Dzaugis, MP Gentry, C Hall, WP Hamilton, V Helser, TE Matta, ME Underwood, CA Zuercher, R Black, BA AF van der Sleen, Peter Dzaugis, Matthew P. Gentry, Christopher Hall, Wayne P. Hamilton, Vicki Helser, Thomas E. Matta, Mary E. Underwood, Christopher A. Zuercher, Rachel Black, Bryan A. TI Long-term Bering Sea environmental variability revealed by a centennial-length biochronology of Pacific ocean perch Sebastes alutus SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Otolith; Chronology; Growth increment; Bering Sea; Climate; Pacific ocean perch; Sebastes alutus ID GROWTH-INCREMENT CHRONOLOGIES; CLIMATE-DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; REGIME SHIFTS; TIME-SERIES; ECOSYSTEM; OSCILLATION AB The productivity and functioning of Bering Sea marine ecosystems are tightly coupled to decadal-scale environmental variability, as exemplified by the profound changes in community composition that followed the 1976-1977 shift from a cool to a warm climate regime. Longer-term ecosystem dynamics, including the extent to which this regime shift was exceptional in the context of the past century, remain poorly described due to a lack of multi-decadal biological time series. To explore the impact of decadal regime shifts on higher trophic levels, we applied dendrochronology (tree-ring science) techniques to the otolith growth-increment widths of Pacific ocean perch Sebastes alutus (POP) collected from the continental slope of the eastern Bering Sea. After crossdating, 2 chronology development techniques were applied: (1) a regional curve standardization (RCS) approach designed to retain as much low-frequency variability as possible, and (2) an individual-detrending approach that maximized interannual synchrony among samples. Both chronologies spanned the years 1919-2006 and were significantly (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with sea surface temperature (March-December). The RCS chronology showed a transition from relatively slow to fast growth after 1976-1977. In both chronologies, the highest observed growth values immediately followed the regime shift, suggesting that this event had a critical and lasting impact on growth of POP. This growth pulse was, however, not shared by a previously published yellowfin sole Limanda aspera chronology (1969-2006) from the eastern Bering Sea shelf, indicating species- or site-specific responses. Ultimately, these chronologies provide a long-term perspective and underscore the susceptibility of fish growth to extreme low-frequency events. C1 [van der Sleen, Peter; Dzaugis, Matthew P.; Hall, Wayne P.; Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Gentry, Christopher] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Geosci, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Hamilton, Vicki] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Battery Point, Tas 7004, Australia. [Helser, Thomas E.; Matta, Mary E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Underwood, Christopher A.] Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Dept Geog, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. [Zuercher, Rachel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM bryan.black@utexas.edu NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2017 VL 71 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.3354/cr01425 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF1RS UT WOS:000390103000003 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, SM Eason, T Nelson, RJ Angeler, DG Barichievy, C Garmestani, AS Graham, NAJ Granholm, D Gunderson, L Knutson, M Nash, KL Spanbauer, T Stow, CA Allen, CR AF Sundstrom, Shana M. Eason, Tarsha Nelson, R. John Angeler, David G. Barichievy, Chris Garmestani, Ahjond S. Graham, Nicholas A. J. Granholm, Dean Gunderson, Lance Knutson, Melinda Nash, Kirsty L. Spanbauer, Trisha Stow, Craig A. Allen, Craig R. TI Detecting spatial regimes in ecosystems SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Boundary detection; community change; Fisher information; regime shifts; spatial regimes; spatial resilience ID EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; PLANT-SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; FISHER INFORMATION; LEADING INDICATOR; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CHANGE IMPACTS AB Research on early warning indicators has generally focused on assessing temporal transitions with limited application of these methods to detecting spatial regimes. Traditional spatial boundary detection procedures that result in ecoregion maps are typically based on ecological potential (i.e. potential vegetation), and often fail to account for ongoing changes due to stressors such as land use change and climate change and their effects on plant and animal communities. We use Fisher information, an information theory-based method, on both terrestrial and aquatic animal data (U.S. Breeding Bird Survey and marine zooplankton) to identify ecological boundaries, and compare our results to traditional early warning indicators, conventional ecoregion maps and multivariate analyses such as nMDS and cluster analysis. We successfully detected spatial regimes and transitions in both terrestrial and aquatic systems using Fisher information. Furthermore, Fisher information provided explicit spatial information about community change that is absent from other multivariate approaches. Our results suggest that defining spatial regimes based on animal communities may better reflect ecological reality than do traditional ecoregion maps, especially in our current era of rapid and unpredictable ecological change. C1 [Sundstrom, Shana M.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, 103 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eason, Tarsha; Garmestani, Ahjond S.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Nelson, R. John] Univ Victoria, Ctr Biomed Res, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Angeler, David G.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Barichievy, Chris] Zool Soc London, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. [Graham, Nicholas A. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Granholm, Dean] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, MN 55437 USA. [Gunderson, Lance] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Knutson, Melinda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg 3, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Nash, Kirsty L.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarct Studies, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Spanbauer, Trisha] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Allen, Craig R.] Univ Nebraska, US Geol Survey, Nebraska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sundstrom, SM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Sch Nat Resources, 103 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM sundstrom.shana@gmail.com FU USGS John Powell Center for Synthesis and Analysis; USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center; United States Geological Survey; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research arose from a workshop series, 'Understanding and managing for resilience in the face of global change', which was funded by the USGS John Powell Center for Synthesis and Analysis, and the USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Center. We thank the Powell Center for supporting collaborative and interdisciplinary research efforts. We thank JC Nelson at the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center for creating Fig. 1a. The Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly supported by a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey, the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Wildlife Management Institute. This is GLERL contribution number 1838. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1111/ele.12709 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF0OV UT WOS:000390026200002 PM 28000431 ER PT J AU Martin, BT Pike, A John, SN Hamda, N Roberts, J Lindley, ST Danner, EM AF Martin, Benjamin T. Pike, Andrew John, Sara N. Hamda, Natnael Roberts, Jason Lindley, Steven T. Danner, Eric M. TI Phenomenological vs. biophysical models of thermal stress in aquatic eggs SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; egg; embryo; mass transfer theory; oxygen; salmon; survival; temperature; thermal performance curve; thermal tolerance ID NATURAL MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH EGGS; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; TERRESTRIAL ECTOTHERMS; PERFORMANCE CURVES; PACIFIC SALMON; SIZE; TIME; CONSEQUENCES AB Predicting species responses to climate change is a central challenge in ecology. These predictions are often based on lab-derived phenomenological relationships between temperature and fitness metrics. We tested one of these relationships using the embryonic stage of a Chinook salmon population. We parameterised the model with laboratory data, applied it to predict survival in the field, and found that it significantly underestimated field-derived estimates of thermal mortality. We used a biophysical model based on mass transfer theory to show that the discrepancy was due to the differences in water flow velocities between the lab and the field. This mechanistic approach provides testable predictions for how the thermal tolerance of embryos depends on egg size and flow velocity of the surrounding water. We found support for these predictions across more than 180 fish species, suggesting that flow and temperature mediated oxygen limitation is a general mechanism underlying the thermal tolerance of embryos. C1 [Martin, Benjamin T.; Pike, Andrew; John, Sara N.; Hamda, Natnael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CIMEC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Martin, Benjamin T.; Pike, Andrew; John, Sara N.; Hamda, Natnael; Lindley, Steven T.; Danner, Eric M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Roberts, Jason] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Martin, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CIMEC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Martin, BT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM benjamin.martin@noaa.gov OI Martin, Benjamin/0000-0003-3927-0449 FU NASA Applied Sciences award [NNX11AP11G-003] FX The authors thank Andrew Hein, Mark Henderson, Nate Mantua, Steve Munch and Roger Nisbet for feedback on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the NASA Applied Sciences award via NNX11AP11G-003. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 20 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1111/ele.12705 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF0OV UT WOS:000390026200005 PM 27891770 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Srivastava, PK Szabo, S Petropoulos, GP Gupta, M Islam, T AF Singh, Sudhir Kumar Srivastava, Prashant K. Szabo, Szilard Petropoulos, George P. Gupta, Manika Islam, Tanvir TI Landscape transform and spatial metrics for mapping spatiotemporal land cover dynamics using Earth Observation data-sets SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Protected ecosystem; remote sensing; landscape pattern; fragmentation; ecological metrics; geographic information system ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; GROUNDWATER QUALITY; RANDOM FORESTS; INDIA; FRAGMENTATION; GIS; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGSTATS; SELECTION AB Analysis of Earth observation (EO) data, often combined with geographical information systems (GIS), allows monitoring of land cover dynamics over different ecosystems, including protected or conservation sites. The aim of this study is to use contemporary technologies such as EO and GIS in synergy with fragmentation analysis, to quantify the changes in the landscape of the Rajaji National Park (RNP) during the period of 19years (1990-2009). Several statistics such as principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial metrics are used to understand the results. PCA analysis has produced two principal components (PC) and explained 84.1% of the total variance, first component (PC1) accounted for the 57.8% of the total variance while the second component (PC2) has accounted for the 26.3% of the total variance calculated from the core area metrics, distance metrics and shape metrics. Our results suggested that notable changes happened in the RNP landscape, evidencing the requirement of taking appropriate measures to conserve this natural ecosystem. C1 [Singh, Sudhir Kumar] Univ Allahabad, Nehru Sci Ctr, IIDS, K Banerjee Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Szabo, Szilard] Univ Debrecen, Dept Phys Geog & Geoinformat, Debrecen, Hungary. [Petropoulos, George P.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Srivastava, PK (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov FU K. Banerjee, Centre of Atmospheric and Ocean Studies, IIDS, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India FX This research work is supported by K. Banerjee, Centre of Atmospheric and Ocean Studies, IIDS, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India. Authors also thank USGS (http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/aerial.html#satellite) for providing the Landsat satellite data-sets. The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA/NASA or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 18 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-6049 EI 1752-0762 J9 GEOCARTO INT JI Geocarto Int. PY 2017 VL 32 IS 2 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1080/10106049.2015.1130084 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EF5QI UT WOS:000390384300001 ER PT J AU Jucker, T Caspersen, J Chave, J Antin, C Barbier, N Bongers, F Dalponte, M van Ewijk, KY Forrester, DI Haeni, M Higgins, SI Holdaway, RJ Iida, Y Lorimer, C Marshall, PL Momo, S Moncrieff, GR Ploton, P Poorter, L Rahman, KA Schlund, M Sonke, B Sterck, FJ Trugman, AT Usoltsev, VA Vanderwel, MC Waldner, P Wedeux, BMM Wirth, C Woll, H Woods, M Xiang, WH Zimmermann, NE Coomes, DA AF Jucker, Tommaso Caspersen, John Chave, Jerome Antin, Cecile Barbier, Nicolas Bongers, Frans Dalponte, Michele van Ewijk, Karin Y. Forrester, David I. Haeni, Matthias Higgins, Steven I. Holdaway, Robert J. Iida, Yoshiko Lorimer, Craig Marshall, Peter L. Momo, Stephane Moncrieff, Glenn R. Ploton, Pierre Poorter, Lourens Rahman, Kassim Abd Schlund, Michael Sonke, Bonaventure Sterck, Frank J. Trugman, Anna T. Usoltsev, Vladimir A. Vanderwel, Mark C. Waldner, Peter Wedeux, Beatrice M. M. Wirth, Christian Woell, Hannsjoerg Woods, Murray Xiang, Wenhua Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Coomes, David A. TI Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aboveground biomass; airborne laser scanning; carbon mapping; crown architecture; height-diameter allometry; stem diameter distributions ID TREE SPECIES CLASSIFICATION; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; LIDAR DATA; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; CROWN DIAMETER; WOOD DENSITY; SIZE; CLIMATE AB Remote sensing is revolutionizing the way we study forests, and recent technological advances mean we are now able - for the first time - to identify and measure the crown dimensions of individual trees from airborne imagery. Yet to make full use of these data for quantifying forest carbon stocks and dynamics, a new generation of allometric tools which have tree height and crown size at their centre are needed. Here, we compile a global database of 108753 trees for which stem diameter, height and crown diameter have all been measured, including 2395 trees harvested to measure aboveground biomass. Using this database, we develop general allometric models for estimating both the diameter and aboveground biomass of trees from attributes which can be remotely sensed - specifically height and crown diameter. We show that tree height and crown diameter jointly quantify the aboveground biomass of individual trees and find that a single equation predicts stem diameter from these two variables across the world's forests. These new allometric models provide an intuitive way of integrating remote sensing imagery into large-scale forest monitoring programmes and will be of key importance for parameterizing the next generation of dynamic vegetation models. C1 [Jucker, Tommaso; Wedeux, Beatrice M. M.; Coomes, David A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Forest Ecol & Conservat Grp, Cambridge, England. [Caspersen, John] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, 33 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada. [Caspersen, John; Haeni, Matthias; Waldner, Peter; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Chave, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, UMR5174, CNRS, Batiment 4R1,118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Antin, Cecile; Barbier, Nicolas; Momo, Stephane; Ploton, Pierre] UMR AMAP, Inst Rech Dev, Montpellier, France. [Antin, Cecile] UMIFRE CNRS MAE 21, Inst Francais Pondichery, Pondicherry, India. [Bongers, Frans; Poorter, Lourens; Sterck, Frank J.] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Dalponte, Michele] Fdn E Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, Italy. [van Ewijk, Karin Y.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Forrester, David I.] Univ Freiburg, Fac Environm & Nat Resources, Chair Silviculture, Tennenbacherstr 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Higgins, Steven I.] Univ Otago, Dept Bot, POB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. [Holdaway, Robert J.] Landcare Res, POB 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand. [Iida, Yoshiko] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kyushu Res Ctr, Kumamoto 8600862, Japan. [Lorimer, Craig] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Marshall, Peter L.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Momo, Stephane; Sonke, Bonaventure] Univ Yaounde I, Ecole Normale Super, Dept Sci Biol, Lab Bot Systemat & Ecol, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Moncrieff, Glenn R.] Ctr Biodivers Conservat, SAEON, Fynbos Node, Private Bag X7,Rhodes Dr, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa. [Rahman, Kassim Abd] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia. [Schlund, Michael] Friedrich Schiller Univ, Dept Earth Observat, Loebdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Trugman, Anna T.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Usoltsev, Vladimir A.] Russian Acad Sci, Bot Garden, Ural Branch, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Usoltsev, Vladimir A.] Ural State Forest Engn Univ, Ekaterinburg 620100, Russia. [Vanderwel, Mark C.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Wirth, Christian] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, Systemat Bot & Funct Biodivers, Leipzig, Germany. [Wirth, Christian] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany. [Woell, Hannsjoerg] Conservat & Nat Resources Management, Sommersbergseestr 291, A-8990 Bad Aussee, Austria. [Woods, Murray] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, North Bay, ON P1A 4L7, Canada. [Xiang, Wenhua] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Fac Life Sci & Technol, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Jucker, T (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Forest Ecol & Conservat Grp, Cambridge, England. EM tj272@cam.ac.uk RI Waldner, Peter/A-6941-2017; Zimmermann, Niklaus/A-4276-2008; Barbier, Nicolas/A-5489-2010; OI Waldner, Peter/0000-0001-8982-6156; Zimmermann, Niklaus/0000-0003-3099-9604; Barbier, Nicolas/0000-0002-5323-3866; Jucker, Tommaso/0000-0002-0751-6312 FU NERC [NE/K016377/1]; ANR [ANR-10-LABX-25-01, ANR-10-LABX-0041]; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); US Forest Service; USAID; US Department of State; European Commission under regulations (EEC) [2158/86]; Forest Focus (EC) [2152/200]; FutMon (EC) [LIFE07 ENV/D/218] FX We thank the co-authors, field data collectors and funding agencies of the original data sources used in this study. We are also grateful to all curators of open-access databases from which we drew data for this study. In particular, we wish to thank Daniel Falster and Remko Duursma for compiling the biomass and allometry database (BAAD) for woody plants; Michael Keller and Maiza Nara for providing us access to data from the Sustainable Landscapes Brazil project; Kristina Anderson-Teixeira and her co-authors for archiving allometric data from the CTFS-ForestGEO forest dynamics plot at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (Virginia, USA); and KaDonna Randolph of the USDA forest service for her assistance in accessing the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) database. We thank Bruno Herault and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive comments on an earlier draft of our manuscript. T.J. was funded by NERC (grant number: NE/K016377/1). This work has benefited from ANR grants to J.C. (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01 and TULIP, ref. ANR-10-LABX-0041). The Sustainable Landscapes Brazil project was supported by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the US Forest Service, and USAID, and the US Department of State. Data collection for the UNECE ICP Forests PCC Collaborative Database was cofinanced by national or regional organizations and by the European Commission under regulations (EEC) No 2158/86, Forest Focus (EC) No 2152/200, FutMon (EC) LIFE07 ENV/D/218. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 30 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 23 IS 1 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1111/gcb.13388 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF3IP UT WOS:000390218300016 PM 27381364 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei TI Strong 2015-2016 El Nino and implication to global ecosystems from space data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; TELECONNECTIONS; SENSITIVITY; EPIDEMICS; AFRICA; AMAZON AB During 2015, sea surface temperature (SST) in the central tropical Pacific (TP) was warmer than normal, what indicated about the potential for the development of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). By December 2015, El Nino intensified when SST anomaly in the Nino-3.4 tropical Pacific area reached +2.9 degrees C, which indicated about the strongest event of the past 36 years. El Nino normally impacts weather, ecosystems, and socioeconomics (agriculture, fisheries, energy, human health, water resource etc.) on all continents. However, the current El Nino is much stronger than the recent strong 1997-1998 event. Therefore, this paper investigates how the strength of El Nino impacts world ecosystems and which areas are affected. The vegetation health (VH) method and 36-year of its data have been used as the criteria of the impact. Specifically, the paper investigates VH-ENSO teleconnection, focusing on estimation of vegetation response to El Nino intensity and transition of the impact from boreal winter to spring and summer. Two types of ecosystem response were identified. In boreal winter, ecosystems of northern South America, southern Africa, eastern Australia, and Southeast Asia experienced strong vegetation stress, which will negatively affect agriculture, energy, and water resources. In Argentina, southeastern USA and the Horn of Africa ecosystem response is opposite. One of the worst disasters associated with ENSO is drought. The advantages of this study are in derivation of vegetation response to moisture, thermal, and combined conditions including an early detection of drought-related stress. For the first time, ENSO impact was evaluated based on all events with vertical bar SSTa vertical bar> 0.5 degrees C and >2.0 degrees C. The current strong El Nino has already triggered drought in Brazil, southern Africa, southeastern Asia, and eastern Australia during December-February. Such conditions will be transitioned from boreal winter to spring but not to summer 2016, except for two regions: northern Brazil and southeastern Asia. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Guo, Wei] IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2017 VL 38 IS 1 BP 161 EP 178 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1259679 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EF2AI UT WOS:000390126200009 ER PT J AU Kneifel, J O'Rear, E AF Kneifel, Joshua O'Rear, Eric TI Reducing the impacts of weather variability on long-term building energy performance by adopting energy-efficient measures and systems: a case study SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE low-energy; net-zero energy; weather variability; sensitivity analysis; whole-building simulation; EnergyPlus ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NET-ZERO; CONSUMPTION; DESIGN; HOUSE AB This case study uses whole-building simulation software to investigate the ability of alternative sets of energy conservation measures to limit the sensitivity in energy use and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) peak electricity demands by residential buildings due to weather variability. Four alternative building designs are considered: a net-zero energy design based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) net-zero energy residential test facility (NZERTF), a comparable, yet less efficient design built according to the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and two low-energy designs at varying levels of energy-efficiency. The findings from this study reveal which measures best ensure robust annual energy performance and occupant comfort by low- and net-zero energy homes given weather variability, as well as how much resulting energy performances vary across the sets of conservation measures considered in this work. C1 [Kneifel, Joshua; O'Rear, Eric] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Rear, E (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.orear@nist.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 EI 1940-1507 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 58 EP 71 DI 10.1080/19401493.2016.1256431 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA EF6GS UT WOS:000390429700005 ER PT J AU Cossel, KC Waxman, EM Finneran, IA Blake, GA Ye, J Newbury, NR AF Cossel, Kevin C. Waxman, Eleanor M. Finneran, Ian A. Blake, Geoffrey A. Ye, Jun Newbury, Nathan R. TI Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MIDINFRARED SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION AB Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broadband spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broadband spectroscopy. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Cossel, Kevin C.; Waxman, Eleanor M.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Finneran, Ian A.; Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cossel, KC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.cossel@nist.gov; eleanor.waxman@nist.gov RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 341 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 25 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 34 IS 1 BP 104 EP 129 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.34.000104 PG 26 WC Optics SC Optics GA EF5YN UT WOS:000390406000015 ER PT J AU de Morais, IOB Danilewicz, D Zerbini, AN Edmundson, W Hart, IB Bortolotto, GA AF Braga de Morais, Igor Oliveira Danilewicz, Daniel Zerbini, Alexandre Novaes Edmundson, William Hart, Ian B. Bortolotto, Guilherme Augusto TI From the southern right whale hunting decline to the humpback whaling expansion: a review of whale catch records in the tropical western South Atlantic Ocean SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Brazilian coast; Eubalaena australis; exploitation; Megaptera novaeangliae; whalers ID VITORIA-TRINDADE CHAIN; EUBALAENA-AUSTRALIS; BRAZIL; COAST AB 1. Historical catch records from whaling activity are crucial for assessments of whale populations. However, several gaps in the exploitation history for many populations from before the twentieth century create limitations that may lead to overestimates of the recovery of these populations. The history of modern whaling along the Brazilian coast is relatively well known. However, several questions relating to the pre-modern period, during and before the nineteenth century, remain unanswered. For example, the level of exploitation of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae and southern right whales Eubalaena australis in this period is unknown. 2. Pre-modern whaling in Brazil began in 1602 and lasted until the 1920s. Whales were captured using manual harpoons from either rowing boats or sailing boats, and processed at land stations called 'armacoes'. A review of the history and oil production of these stations indicates that substantial catches occurred. 3. Pre-modern whaling records also indicate the collapse of the southern right whale population in the western South Atlantic Ocean. Increasingly rare reports of sightings for the nineteenth century and the closing of the last armacao in the breeding grounds off southern Brazil indicate that this population collapsed by 1830. 4. Armacoes operating in north-eastern Brazil remained active through the 1800s, and targeted humpback whales until modern whaling techniques were introduced in the early 1900s. It is estimated that between approximately 11000 and 32000 individuals of this species were captured at these coastal whaling stations from 1830 to 1924. C1 [Braga de Morais, Igor Oliveira; Danilewicz, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Zool, Rodovia Ilheus Itabuna,Km 16, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Braga de Morais, Igor Oliveira; Danilewicz, Daniel; Zerbini, Alexandre Novaes; Bortolotto, Guilherme Augusto] Inst Aqualie, Av Dr Paulo Japiassu Coelho 714,Sala 206, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Grp Estudos Mamiferos Aquat Rio Grande Sul GEMARS, Rua Machado Assis 1456, BR-95520000 Osorio, RS, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre Novaes] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre Novaes] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Edmundson, William] Av Silvino Chaves,481,Apto 901, BR-58038420 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. [Hart, Ian B.] Laurel Cottage, Newton St Margarets HR2 0QN, Hereford, England. [Bortolotto, Guilherme Augusto] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Bortolotto, Guilherme Augusto] Assoc R3 Anim, Rodovia Joao Gualberto Soares, BR-88061500 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. RP de Morais, IOB (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Zool, Rodovia Ilheus Itabuna,Km 16, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil.; de Morais, IOB (reprint author), Inst Aqualie, Av Dr Paulo Japiassu Coelho 714,Sala 206, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. EM igoliveira.igor@gmail.com; daniel.danilewicz@gmail.com; alex.zerbini@noaa.gov; eddieedmundson1@hotmail.com; yellowrattle4@aol.com; bortolotto.vet@gmail.com FU Cetacean Society International; Society for Marine Mammalogy; Brazilian Council for Scientific Research (CNPq) FX The authors are grateful to the Cetacean Society International, the Society for Marine Mammalogy and the Brazilian Council for Scientific Research (CNPq) for grants to aid this study. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 47 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1111/mam.12073 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EF5YA UT WOS:000390404700003 ER PT J AU Jombart, T Archer, F Schliep, K Kamvar, Z Harris, R Paradis, E Goudet, J Lapp, H AF Jombart, Thibaut Archer, Frederick Schliep, Klaus Kamvar, Zhian Harris, Rebecca Paradis, Emmanuel Goudet, Jerome Lapp, Hilmar TI apex: phylogenetics with multiple genes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE genetics; package; phylogenies; R; software ID MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; R-PACKAGE; TOOLS; INCONGRUENCE; POPULATIONS; TECHNOLOGIES; EVOLUTION; MARKERS; TREES AB Genetic sequences of multiple genes are becoming increasingly common for a wide range of organisms including viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes. While such data may sometimes be treated as a single locus, in practice, a number of biological and statistical phenomena can lead to phylogenetic incongruence. In such cases, different loci should, at least as a preliminary step, be examined and analysed separately. The R software has become a popular platform for phylogenetics, with several packages implementing distance-based, parsimony and likelihood-based phylogenetic reconstruction, and an even greater number of packages implementing phylogenetic comparative methods. Unfortunately, basic data structures and tools for analysing multiple genes have so far been lacking, thereby limiting potential for investigating phylogenetic incongruence. In this study, we introduce the new R package apex to fill this gap. apex implements new object classes, which extend existing standards for storing DNA and amino acid sequences, and provides a number of convenient tools for handling, visualizing and analysing these data. In this study, we introduce the main features of the package and illustrate its functionalities through the analysis of a simple data set. C1 [Jombart, Thibaut] Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. [Archer, Frederick] NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Schliep, Klaus] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Kamvar, Zhian] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Cordley Hall,2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harris, Rebecca] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Paradis, Emmanuel] Univ Montpellier, Inst Sci Evolut, CNRS, IRD,EPHE, Pl Eugene Bataillon CC 065, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Goudet, Jerome] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Goudet, Jerome] Univ Lausanne, Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Quartier Sorge Batiment Genopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Lapp, Hilmar] Duke Univ, Duke Ctr Genom & Computat Biol GCB, CIEMAS, 101 Sci Dr,DUMC Box 3382, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Jombart, T (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, MRC Ctr Outbreak Anal & Modelling, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM thibautjombart@g-mail.com RI Kamvar, Zhian/C-5236-2017; OI Kamvar, Zhian/0000-0003-1458-7108; Schliep, Klaus/0000-0003-2941-0161 FU Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis; National Institute for Health Research - Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Modelling Methodology at Imperial College London; Public Health England (PHE); National Science Foundation [DEB 1350474]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [5358-22000-039-00D]; USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; USDA-ARS Floriculture Nursery Initiative; Oregon Department of Agriculture/Oregon Association of Nurseries (ODA-OAN); USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program FX apex was first created at the Population Genetics in R Hackathon, which was held in March 2015 at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) in Durham, NC, with the goal of addressing interoperability, scalability and workflow building challenges for the population genetics package ecosystem in R. The authors were participants in the hackathon and are indebted to NESCent (NSF #EF-0905606) for hosting and supporting the event. TJ is funded by the Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and the National Institute for Health Research - Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Modelling Methodology at Imperial College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE). KS was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 1350474). ZK is supported by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) grant 5358-22000-039-00D, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the USDA-ARS Floriculture Nursery Initiative, the Oregon Department of Agriculture/Oregon Association of Nurseries (ODA-OAN) and the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program. This is publication ISEM 2016-131. We are thankful to Github (http://github.com/), Travis (http://travisci.org/) and codecov (http://codecov.io) for providing great resources for software development. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health or Public Health England. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12567 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF6BC UT WOS:000390413500004 PM 27417145 ER PT J AU Wringe, BF Stanley, RRE Jeffery, NW Anderson, EC Bradbury, IR AF Wringe, Brendan F. Stanley, Ryan R. E. Jeffery, Nicholas W. Anderson, Eric C. Bradbury, Ian R. TI parallelnewhybrid: an R package for the parallelization of hybrid detection using NEWHYBRIDS SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE hybrid; introgression; NEWHYBRIDS; population genomics; population structure; R; software ID WILD RELATIVES; HYBRIDIZATION; SPECIATION; GENOTYPE; ZONES; LOCI AB Hybridization among populations and species is a central theme in many areas of biology, and the study of hybridization has direct applicability to testing hypotheses about evolution, speciation and genetic recombination, as well as having conservation, legal and regulatory implications. Yet, despite being a topic of considerable interest, the identification of hybrid individuals, and quantification of the (un)certainty surrounding the identifications, remains difficult. Unlike other programs that exist to identify hybrids based on genotypic information, NEWHYBRIDS is able to assign individuals to specific hybrid classes (e.g. F-1, F-2) because it makes use of patterns of gene inheritance within each locus, rather than just the proportions of gene inheritance within each individual. For each comparison and set of markers, multiple independent runs of each data set should be used to develop an estimate of the hybrid class assignment accuracy. The necessity of analysing multiple simulated data sets, constructed from large genome-wide data sets, presents significant computational challenges. To address these challenges, we present parallel-newhybrid, an R package designed to decrease user burden when undertaking multiple NEWHYBRIDS analyses. parallelnewhybrid does so by taking advantage of the parallel computational capabilities inherent in modern computers to efficiently and automatically execute separate NEWHYBRIDS runs in parallel. We show that parallelization of analyses using this package affords users several-fold reductions in time over a traditional serial analysis. parallelnewhybrid consists of an example data set, a README and three operating system-specific functions to execute parallel NEWHYBRIDS analyses on each of a computer's c cores. parallelnewhybrid is freely available on the long-term software hosting site GITHUB (www.github.com/bwringe/parallelnewhybrid). C1 [Wringe, Brendan F.; Stanley, Ryan R. E.; Jeffery, Nicholas W.; Bradbury, Ian R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Salmonids Sect, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Wringe, BF (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Salmonids Sect, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM bwringe@gmail.com OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0003-1326-0840 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Strategic project Grant; Fisheries and Oceans Canada funding (International Governance Strategy; Program for Aquaculture Regulatory Research; Genomics research and Development Initiative) FX The authors wish to thank Marion Sinclair-Waters and Mallory Van Wynegaarden for their help bug checking the code. We also thank Thierry Gosselin for encouraging us to publish this package. This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Strategic project Grant and Fisheries and Oceans Canada funding (International Governance Strategy; Program for Aquaculture Regulatory Research; Genomics research and Development Initiative) to I.R.B. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 17 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12597 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF6BC UT WOS:000390413500011 PM 27617417 ER PT J AU Zhu, HF Liu, ML Zhang, YX Yu, ZH Ouyang, J Pan, W AF Zhu, Hanfei Liu, Menglin Zhang, Yunxiang Yu, Zhenghai Ouyang, Jun Pan, Wei TI Increasing energy storage capabilities of space-charge dominated ferroelectric thin films using interlayer coupling SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectric; Bilayer; Electrical properties; Interface; Energy storage ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BATIO3 FILMS; POLARIZATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS; INTERFACE; DENSITY AB In our previous work (W. Zhang et al., Space-charge dominated epitaxial BaTiO3 heterostructures, Acta Mater. 85 (2015) 207-215), it was demonstrated that a space charge dominated BaTiO3 thin film can have much improved energy storage characteristics when compared with a regular insulating film of ferroelectric BaTiO3. However, the improved recoverable electric energy density (discharged energy per unit volume), W-re, is still constrained by the maximum/saturated polarization (P-s) of the BaTiO3 thin film. Here we propose a novel method to further improve W-re in ferroelectric thin film heterostructures by using interlayer coupling in an epitaxial ferroelectric bilayer. In our model structure, a ferroelectric BiFeO3 layer with a large remnant polarization (P-r similar to 70 mu C/cm(2)) was deposited in-situ on top of a BaTiO3/SrRuO3 heterostructure which shows a small remnant polarization (P-r similar to 3 mu C/cm(2)). The resulted bilayer structure showed a slim P-E hysteresis loop characterized by a small remnant polarization and a large saturated one (P-s >> P-r), which can be well explained by a competition between the effect of space charges (dominant at low field) and that of the interlayer charge coupling (dominant at high field). The large difference, i.e. P-s - P-r, increases the recoverable electric energy density by about 85% (from 28 J/cm(3) to 51 J/cm(3)). (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Hanfei; Liu, Menglin; Zhang, Yunxiang; Yu, Zhenghai; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Minist Educ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Hanfei; Liu, Menglin; Zhang, Yunxiang; Yu, Zhenghai; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pan, Wei] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab New Ceram & Fine Proc, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Minist Educ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn OI Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU NSFC of China [91122024]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University); Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM); Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University [2015YQ009, 2015JC034] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the NSFC of China (Grant No. 91122024), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), as well as the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University). J. Ouyang would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University, the project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM). H. Zhu, Z. Yu and J. Ouyang acknowledge the financial support from the Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445) and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant Nos. 2015YQ009 and 2015JC034). NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 35 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 122 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.09.051 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA EE4EY UT WOS:000389556300023 ER PT J AU Wild, RJ Dube, WP Aikin, KC Eilerman, SJ Neuman, JA Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Brown, SS AF Wild, Robert J. Dube, William P. Aikin, Kenneth C. Eilerman, Scott J. Neuman, J. Andrew Peischl, Jeff Ryerson, Thomas B. Brown, Steven S. TI On-road measurements of vehicle NO2/NOx emission ratios in Denver, Colorado, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NOx emissions; Direct NO2 emissions ID DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NO2 EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE FILTERS; OXIDE EMISSIONS; IMPACT; O-3; UK; LONDON; TREND AB Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emitted by on-road combustion engines are important contributors to tropospheric ozone production. The NOx fraction emitted as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is usually presumed to be small but can affect ozone production and distribution, and this fraction is generally not reported in emissions inventories. We have developed an accurate method for determination of this primary NO2 emission and demonstrated it during measurement of on-road vehicle emission plumes from a mobile laboratory during July and August 2014 in the region between Denver and Greeley in Colorado. During a total of approximately 90 h of sampling from an instrumented mobile laboratory, we identified 1867 vehicle emission plumes, which were extracted using an algorithm that looks for rapid and large increases in measured NOx. We find a distribution of NO2/NOx emissions similar to a log-normal profile, with an average emission ratio of 0.053 +/- 0.002 per sampled NOx plume. The average is not weighted by the total NOx emissions from sampled vehicles, which is not measured here, and so may not represent the NO2/NOx ratio of the total NOx emission if this ratio is a function of NOx itself. Although our current data set does not distinguish between different engine types (e.g., gasoline, light duty diesel and heavy duty diesel), the ratio is on the low end of recent reports of vehicle fleet NO2 to NOx emission ratios in Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wild, Robert J.; Dube, William P.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Eilerman, Scott J.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wild, Robert J.; Dube, William P.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Eilerman, Scott J.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, Steven S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU Innovative Research Program (IRP); University of Colorado Boulder Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) FX The authors thank Max Holloway, Anne Perring, and Owen Roberts for help with vehicle hardware and/or driving. We also thank the Innovative Research Program (IRP) and the University of Colorado Boulder Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) for funding the construction of the instrument presented here. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 148 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.039 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE2DW UT WOS:000389394900017 ER PT J AU Nojavan, AF Qian, SS Stow, CA AF Nojavan, Farnaz A. Qian, Song S. Stow, Craig A. TI Comparative analysis of discretization methods in Bayesian networks SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian networks; Discretization; Environmental modeling; Equal interval; Equal quantile; Moment matching ID BELIEF NETWORKS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; LAKES; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; NITROGEN; MODELS AB A key step in implementing Bayesian networks (BNs) is the discretization of continuous variables. There are several mathematical methods for constructing discrete distributions, the implications of which on the resulting model has not been discussed in literature. Discretization invariably results in loss of information, and both the discretization method and the number of intervals determines the level of such loss. We designed an experiment to evaluate the impact of commonly used discretization methods and number of intervals on the developed BNs. The conditional probability tables, model predictions, and management recommendations were compared and shown to be different among models. However, none of the models did uniformly well in all comparison criteria. As we cannot justify using one discretization method against others, we recommend caution when discretization is used, and a verification process that includes evaluating alternative methods to ensure that the conclusions are not an artifact of the discretization approach. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nojavan, Farnaz A.] Duke Univ, Nichols Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Nojavan, Farnaz A.] Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Environm Protect Agcy, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Nojavan, AF (reprint author), Atlantic Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Environm Protect Agcy, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM farnaz.nojavan@duke.edu OI Nojavan, Farnaz/0000-0002-6010-865X NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 87 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.10.007 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE7HA UT WOS:000389785300006 ER PT J AU Dale, KE Daly, EA Brodeur, RD AF Dale, Katherine E. Daly, Elizabeth A. Brodeur, Richard D. TI Interannual variability in the feeding and condition of subyearling Chinook salmon off Oregon and Washington in relation to fluctuating ocean conditions SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE body condition; feeding; juvenile Chinook salmon; ocean conditions; piscivory ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COASTAL MARINE WATERS; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; SQUID DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ICHTHYOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is one of several economically-important species of salmon found in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The first months at sea are believed to be the most critical for salmon survival, with the highest rate of mortality occurring during this period. In the present study, we examined interannual diet composition and body condition trends for late-summer subyearling Chinook salmon caught off Oregon and Washington from 1998 to 2012. Interannual variability was observed in juvenile salmon diet composition by weight of prey consumed. Juvenile subyearling Chinook salmon were mainly piscivorous, with northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) being especially important, making up half the diet by weight in some years. Annual diets clustered into two groups, primarily defined by their proportion of invertebrate prey (14% versus 39% on average). Diet composition was found to influence adult returns, with salmon from high-invertebrate years returning in significantly larger numbers 2-3 yrs later. However, years that had high adult returns had overall lower stomach fullness and poorer body condition as juveniles, a counterintuitive result potentially driven by the enhanced survival of less fit individuals in better ocean conditions (top-down effect). Ocean conditions in years with a higher percentage of invertebrates in salmon diets were significantly cooler from May to August, and bottom-up processes may have led to a fall plankton community with a larger proportion of invertebrates. Our results suggest that the plankton community assemblage during this first fall may be critical in predicting adult returns of Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Dale, Katherine E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Dale, KE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kdale@ucsc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Bonneville Power Administration; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We are indebted to many scientists, boat crews, and sampling teams for their work on this project. Greg Hutchinson and Robert Schabetsberger assisted with the dietary analyses. David Teel kindly allowed us access to the genetic data that identified the Snake River fish. We appreciate the insightful comments provided by Drs William Pearcy, Rich Zabel, Brian Burke, and an anonymous reviewer on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding was provided to the first author by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship. The Bonneville Power Administration, and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center provided financial support for collection, analyses, and logistics. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/fog.12180 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA EE1GP UT WOS:000389329300001 ER PT J AU Eguchi, T Benson, SR Foley, DG Forney, KA AF Eguchi, Tomoharu Benson, Scott R. Foley, David G. Forney, Karin A. TI Predicting overlap between drift gillnet fishing and leatherback turtle habitat in the California Current Ecosystem SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bycatch; endangered species; fishery closure; fishery interactions; habitat modeling; swordfish; thresher sharks; US west coast ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERIES; DYNAMIC OCEAN MANAGEMENT; PSEUDO-ABSENCE DATA; SEA-TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; VARIABLE IMPORTANCE; RANDOM FORESTS; TELEMETRY DATA; BYCATCH REDUCTION AB Concern over bycatch of protected species has become a key factor in shaping fisheries management decisions. In 2001, the National Marine Fisheries Service established an annual closure of a large mesh drift gillnet fishery targeting swordfish from central Oregon to central California between August 15 and November 15 because of concerns of bycatch of endangered leatherback turtles (the Pacific Leatherback Conservation Area, PLCA). The spatio-temporal constraints of the PLCA were developed to encompass nearly all previously observed leatherback turtle bycatch events in the fishery. The PLCA has been effective at reducing bycatch of leatherback turtles but has reduced fishing opportunities. In this study, we examined whether the timing of the current PLCA closure is optimal for leatherback turtle conservation, by developing statistical models of leatherback turtle presence inside the PLCA based on environmental variables. We also examined finer-scale spatiotemporal patterns of potential overlap between the fishery and leatherback turtle foraging habitat using Maxent and Random Forests applied to logbook data and leatherback turtle telemetry data. Our results suggest that the temporal extent of the current static closure period is the shortest and most effective for protecting the turtles while allowing fishing during low bycatch-risk periods. We also found that it is possible to predict foraging habitat of leatherback turtles and fishing effort using environmental variables. Identification of spatial and temporal hot-spots of potential overlap between fishing effort and leatherback turtle distribution can form a basis for dynamic management approaches. C1 [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Foley, David G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Benson, Scott R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7544 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Foley, David G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Eguchi, T (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM tomo.eguchi@noaa.gov NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1111/fog.12181 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA EE1GP UT WOS:000389329300002 ER PT J AU Weiler, NEC Baca, K Ballard, D Balsa, F Bogus, M Borsting, C Brisighelli, F Cervenakova, J Chaitanya, L Coble, M Decroyer, V Desmyter, S van der Gaag, KJ Gettings, K Haas, C Heinrich, J Porto, MJ Kal, AJ Kayser, M Kudelova, A Morling, N Mosquera-Miguel, A Noel, F Parson, W Pereira, V Phillips, C Schneider, PM Court, DS Turanska, M Vidaki, A Wolinski, P Zatkalikova, L Sijen, T AF Weiler, N. E. C. Baca, K. Ballard, D. Balsa, F. Bogus, M. Borsting, C. Brisighelli, F. Cervenakova, J. Chaitanya, L. Coble, M. Decroyer, V. Desmyter, S. van der Gaag, K. J. Gettings, K. Haas, C. Heinrich, J. Porto, M. Joao Kal, A. J. Kayser, M. Kudelova, A. Morling, N. Mosquera-Miguel, A. Noel, F. Parson, W. Pereira, V. Phillips, C. Schneider, P. M. Court, D. Syndercombe Turanska, M. Vidaki, A. Wolinski, P. Zatkalikova, L. Sijen, T. TI A collaborative EDNAP exercise on SNaPshot (TM)-based mtDNA control region typing SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; mtDNA; SNaPshot; Haplogroup; Massively parallel sequencing ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROPLASMY; HAPLOGROUPS; SEQUENCES; SAMPLES AB A collaborative European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) Group exercise was undertaken to assess the performance of an earlier described SNaPshot (TM)-based screening assay (denoted mini-mtSNaPshot) (Weiler et al., 2016) [1] that targets 18 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions in the mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region and allows for discrimination of major European mtDNA haplogroups. Besides the organising laboratory, 14 forensic genetics laboratories were involved in the analysis of 13 samples, which were centrally prepared and thoroughly tested prior to shipment. The samples had a variable complexity and comprised straightforward single-source samples, samples with dropout or altered peak sizing, a point heteroplasmy and two-component mixtures resulting in one to five bi-allelic calls. The overall success rate in obtaining useful results was high (97.6%) given that some of the participating laboratories had no previous experience with the typing technology and/or mtDNA analysis. The majority of the participants proceeded to haplotype inference to assess the feasibility of assigning a haplogroup and checking phylogenetic consistency when only 18 SNPs are typed. To mimic casework procedures, the participants compared the SNP typing data of all 13 samples to a set of eight mtDNA reference profiles that were described according to standard nomenclature (Parson et al., 2014) [2], and indicated whether these references matched each sample or not. Incorrect scorings were obtained for 2% of the comparisons and derived from a subset of the participants, indicating a need for training and guidelines regarding mini-mtSNaPshot data interpretation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiler, N. E. C.; van der Gaag, K. J.; Kal, A. J.; Sijen, T.] Netherlands Forens Inst, The Hague, Netherlands. [Baca, K.; Wolinski, P.] Forens Bur Internal Secur Agcy, Warsaw, Poland. [Ballard, D.; Court, D. Syndercombe; Vidaki, A.] Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England. [Balsa, F.; Porto, M. Joao] Natl Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Ctr Branch, Forens Genet Serv, Coimbra, Portugal. [Bogus, M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany. [Borsting, C.; Morling, N.; Pereira, V.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Brisighelli, F.] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Lab, Rome, Italy. [Cervenakova, J.; Kudelova, A.] Inst Forens Sci, Dept Biol, Kosice, Slovakia. [Cervenakova, J.; Kudelova, A.] Inst Forens Sci, DNA Anal, Kosice, Slovakia. [Chaitanya, L.; Kayser, M.] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Genet Identificat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Coble, M.; Gettings, K.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Decroyer, V.; Desmyter, S.; Noel, F.] Natl Inst Criminalist & Criminol, Brussels, Belgium. [Haas, C.] Univ Zurich, Zurich Inst Forens Med, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Heinrich, J.; Parson, W.] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. [Mosquera-Miguel, A.; Phillips, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Genom Med Grp, Inst Forens Sci, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Parson, W.] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Turanska, M.; Zatkalikova, L.] Inst Forens Sci, Dept Biol, Slovenska Lupca, Slovakia. [Turanska, M.; Zatkalikova, L.] Inst Forens Sci, DNA Anal, Slovenska Lupca, Slovakia. RP Sijen, T (reprint author), Netherlands Forens Inst, The Hague, Netherlands. EM t.sijen@nfi.minvenj.nl NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 26 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.10.014 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA EE8YK UT WOS:000389912400019 PM 27816849 ER PT J AU Somerton, DA McConnaughey, RA Intelmann, SS AF Somerton, David A. McConnaughey, Robert A. Intelmann, Steven S. TI Evaluating the use of acoustic bottom typing to inform models of bottom trawl sampling efficiency SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acoustic bottom typing; Trawl selectivity; Snow crabs ID SEA AB The sampling efficiency of survey bottom trawls can vary in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. In a previously published model of the sampling efficiency of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilo), based on a trawl comparison experiment, the efficiency of the bottom trawl used in the eastern Bering Sea varied with water depth and sediment size. The sediment size used in the model, however, was not directly sampled at the trawl locations but instead was interpolated from an existing sediment data base. We examine whether bottom type attributes estimated with commercially available software applied to acoustic data collected by the vessels during the experiment was more informative to the model than the interpolated estimates of sediment size. Based on increases in explained deviance, the model fits for males (6% higher) and females (35% higher) were both improved using the acoustically derived estimates of bottom type. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Somerton, David A.; McConnaughey, Robert A.; Intelmann, Steven S.] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McConnaughey, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM David.Sornerton@noaa.gov; Bob.McConnaughey@noaa.gov; Steve.Intelmann@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Office of Science and Technology [13-016] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Office of Science and Technology in support of the Habitat Information in Stock Assessments initiative (Project # 13-016). In addition, we thank Jon Preston for technical support and Suzanne Romain for her diligent work using QTC Impact to analyze the acoustic data. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 14 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.029 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600003 ER PT J AU Kastelle, CR Helser, TE Mckay, JL Johnston, CG Anderl, DM Matta, ME Nichol, DG AF Kastelle, Craig R. Helser, Thomas E. Mckay, Jennifer L. Johnston, Chris G. Anderl, Delsa M. Matta, Mary E. Nichol, Daniel G. TI Age validation of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) using high-resolution stable oxygen isotope (delta O-18) chronologies in otoliths SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus); Age validation; Stable oxygen isotopes; Ageing bias; Temperature; Otolith ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC COD; TEMPERATURE; FRACTIONATION; PRECISION; MORHUA; GROWTH; ALASKA; FISH AB The,Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) fishery in Alaska is large and economically important; in 2014 its ex-vessel value was $203.8 million. Management relies on integrated assessments that employ survey abundance trends and fishery catches as well as age compositions from assessment surveys. However, Pacific cod age determination based on otolith growth zone counts has historically been difficult, adding to the uncertainty in biological reference points. Further, a mismatch exists where modes in fish length frequencies are larger than mean lengths at otolith-based age. To address ageing inaccuracy, we conducted an age validation study using stable oxygen isotopes (delta O-18). This approach is based upon the principle that variability in marine carbonate 818 0 is inversely related to water temperature, which we independently verified in Pacific cod otoliths (r(2) = 0.74). We sequentially microsampled 40 Pacific cod otoliths from the core to the margin and measured the aragonite delta O-18 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. This provided a detailed delta O-18 life history chronology for each specimen. First, we identified seasonal variation (the cyclical pattern of otolith delta O-18 values) and determined whether the number of delta O-18 maxima, considered to represent "true fish age," was consistent with the age estimated from growth zone counts. Second, we estimated the probability of bias in the ages determined from growth zone counts. Overall, the probability of assigning an age (based on the number of counted growth zones) equal to the true age (number of delta O-18 maxima) was approximately 61%. However, the probabilities of over- or underestimating the age by 1 year were 25% and 13%, respectively. The probability of over- or underestimating true age by 2 or more years was very low (<2%). The probability of age misclassification was used to correct bias in mean length at age. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kastelle, Craig R.; Helser, Thomas E.; Johnston, Chris G.; Anderl, Delsa M.; Matta, Mary E.; Nichol, Daniel G.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mckay, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnston, Chris G.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 2320 W Commodore Way Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Kastelle, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.kastelle@noaa.gov; thomas.helser@noaa.gov; mckay@coas.oregonstate.edu; chris@iphc.int; delsa.anderl@noaa.gov; beth.matta@noaa.gov; dan.nichol@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [1105] FX We thank the North Pacific Research Board for the grant (# 1105) that enabled us to perform this study. We thank Ned Cokelet(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) for temperature data. We also thank the various staff members at the AFSC Age and Growth Program for support and help in performing this research. Finally, we thank David Somerton and Grant Thompson (AFSC) for insightful comments on early drafts of this paper. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.024 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600007 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Fieberg, J Potts, JC Burton, ML AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Fieberg, John Potts, Jennifer C. Burton, Michael L. TI Identifying growth morphs from mixtures of size-at-age data SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; Cubera snapper; Mixture models; Somatic growth; Unsupervised classification; von Bertalanffy ID MODELING FISH GROWTH; CROSS-VALIDATION; STOCK ASSESSMENT; MANAGEMENT AB Somatic growth is critical to the biology of individuals and to population dynamics. Variability in size at age can often be attributed to the existence of distinct groups, or growth morphs, that differ in their growth trajectories. We develop a framework for identifying multiple growth morphs from mixture data, with utility for describing somatic growth at the population level as well as for classifying individuals into their most likely groups. For illustration, growth trajectories are modeled using the von Bertalanffy function, but the framework is general enough to accommodate any suitable growth function. After describing the framework, we demonstrate proof of concept using a simulation study, and then apply the proposed method to size-at-age data for Cubera snapper Ludanus cyanopterus. In addition, we compare several Bayesian model selection criteria for inferring the unknown, underlying number of morphs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Burton, Michael L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.032 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600011 ER PT J AU Conners, ME Levine, M AF Conners, M. Elizabeth Levine, Michael TI Characteristics and discard mortality of octopus bycatch in Alaska groundfish fisheries SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Octopus; Enteroctopus dofleini; Discard mortality; Giant pacific octopus; North pacific; RAMP ID REFLEX IMPAIRMENT; DELAYED MORTALITY; PACIFIC HALIBUT; BY-CATCH; FISH; PREDICTORS; SURVIVAL AB Octopus are caught incidentally in several US federally-managed trawl, longline, and pot fisheries in Alaska. The majority caught are giant Pacific octopus Enteroctopus dofleini. Recent changes in fisheries management in Alaska have resulted in the creation of an octopus species complex with annual catch limits, leading to increased interest in management and catch accounting for this data-poor assemblage. This study characterized the incidental octopus catch in Alaska groundfish fisheries and the mortality rate of octopus caught and discarded at sea. Onboard fisheries observers collected data on octopus weight, sex, and condition at discard in a variety of Alaska groundfish fisheries from 2006 to 2011. A field study aboard a commercial pot-fishing vessel examined delayed mortality resulting from the capture process in giant Pacific octopus during routine pot fishing. Octopus incidental catch varied widely in size and condition at capture for various fishing gear types. Vessels fishing using pot gear captured larger octopus than vessels using longline or trawl gear. Initial condition at capture was best in pot gear, with over 90% of octopus discarded from pot vessels alive in excellent condition. Octopus taken in trawl gear had the highest immediate mortality rate, with 68-94% dead or injured at discard. Giant Pacific octopus held for 24-60 h following pot capture showed no signs of delayed mortality or decline in condition. These results suggest that assuming 100% mortality of discarded octopus may overestimate fishing impacts. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Conners, M. Elizabeth; Levine, Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Levine, Michael] Ocean Associates Inc, 4007 N Abingdon St, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Conners, ME (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Liz.conners@noaa.gov FU AFSC's Cooperative Research Program FX The observer special project was conducted voluntarily by a number of North Pacific fisheries observers; we are grateful to these observers for taking extra time during their busy days to provide us with valuable data. Funding for the field study was provided by the AFSC's Cooperative Research Program. Herb Murray and the crew of the Aleutian Mariner were extremely helpful and accommodating during the field project; their good humor with octopus wrangling was much appreciated. Christina Conrath (AFSC Kodiak) and David Scheel (Alaska Pacific University) consulted on the octopus viability key and provided experience and advice on handling and evaluating octopus. Managers Richard Marasco at Ocean Associates in Seattle and Kevin Kaldestadt of Aleutian Mariner LLC provided valuable flexibility in coordinating timing, travel, and budgets for the field project. Elizabeth Chilton, Christina Conrath, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the draft manuscript. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.010 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600020 ER PT J AU Allen, SD Satterthwaite, WH Hankin, DG Cole, DJ Mohr, MS AF Allen, Shanae D. Satterthwaite, William H. Hankin, David G. Cole, Diana J. Mohr, Michael S. TI Temporally varying natural mortality: Sensitivity of a virtual population analysis and an exploration of alternatives SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age and time-dependent models; Virtual population analysis; Cohort reconstruction; Natural mortality; Salmon stock assessment ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COHORT ANALYSIS; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; STOCK ASSESSMENTS; ASSESSMENT MODELS; WEST-COAST; SURVIVAL; RATES; AGE; CONSERVATION AB Cohort reconstructions (CR) currently applied in Pacific salmon management estimate temporally variant exploitation, maturation, and juvenile natural mortality rates but require an assumed (typically invariant) adult natural mortality rate (d(A)), resulting in unknown biases in the remaining vital rates. We explored the sensitivity of CR results to misspecification of the mean and/or variability of d(A), as well as the potential to estimate d(A) directly using models that assumed separable year and age cohort effects on vital rates (separable cohort reconstruction, SCR). For CR, given the commonly assumed d(A) = 0.2, the error (RMSE) in estimated vital rates is generally small (<= 0.05) when annual values of d(A) are low to moderate (<= 0.4). The greatest absolute errors are in maturation rates, with large relative error in the juvenile survival rate. The ability of CR estimates to track temporal trends in the juvenile natural mortality rate is adequate (Pearson's correlation coefficient > 0.75) except for high dA (>= 0.6) and high variability (CV > 0.35). The alternative SCR models allowing estimation of time-varying dA by assuming additive effects in natural mortality, fishing mortality, and/or maturation rates did not outperform CR across all simulated scenarios, and are less accurate when additivity assumptions are violated. Nevertheless an SCR model assuming additive effects on fishing and natural (juvenile and adult) mortality rates led to nearly unbiased estimates of all quantities estimated using CR, along with borderline acceptable estimates of the mean d(A) under multiple sets of conditions conducive to CR. Adding an assumption of additive effects on the maturation rates allowed nearly unbiased estimates of the mean d(A) as well. The SCR models performed slightly better than CR when the vital rates covaried as assumed. These separable models could serve as a partial check on the validity of CR assumptions about the adult natural mortality rate, or even a preferred alternative if there is strong reason to believe the vital rates, including juvenile and adult natural mortality rates, covary strongly across years or age classes as assumed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Allen, Shanae D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, CIMEC, Award NA150AR 4320071,110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Allen, Shanae D.; Satterthwaite, William H.; Mohr, Michael S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hankin, David G.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Cole, Diana J.] Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England. [Allen, Shanae D.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 Eighth Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM will.satterthwaite@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries' Stock Assessment Analytical Methods (SAAM) program [14-16-0009-1547] FX Model development was initiated under California Cooperative Fishery Research Unit Agreement No. 14-16-0009-1547, Research Work Order No. 32. Model refinement and simulation testing, along with manuscript preparation, were supported by NOAA Fisheries' Stock Assessment Analytical Methods (SAAM) program. We thank Steve Lindley, Michael O'Farrell, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 185 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.002 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA ED3XA UT WOS:000388780600022 ER PT J AU Zoogman, P Liu, X Suleiman, RM Pennington, WF Flittner, DE Al-Saadi, JA Hilton, BB Nicks, DK Newchurch, MJ Carr, JL Janz, SJ Andraschko, MR Arola, A Baker, BD Canova, BP Miller, CC Cohen, RC Davis, JE Dussault, ME Edwards, DP Fishman, J Ghulam, A Abad, GG Grutter, M Herman, JR Houck, J Jacob, DJ Joiner, J Kerridge, BJ Kim, J Krotkov, NA Lamsal, L Li, C Lindfors, A Martin, RV McElroy, CT McLinden, C Natraj, V Neil, DO Nowlan, CR O'Sullivan, EJ Palmer, PI Pierce, RB Pippin, MR Saiz-Lopez, A Spurr, RJD Szykman, JJ Torres, O Veefkind, JP Veihelmann, B Wang, H Wang, J Chance, K AF Zoogman, P. Liu, X. Suleiman, R. M. Pennington, W. F. Flittner, D. E. Al-Saadi, J. A. Hilton, B. B. Nicks, D. K. Newchurch, M. J. Carr, J. L. Janz, S. J. Andraschko, M. R. Arola, A. Baker, B. D. Canova, B. P. Miller, C. Chan Cohen, R. C. Davis, J. E. Dussault, M. E. Edwards, D. P. Fishman, J. Ghulam, A. Abad, G. Gonzalez Grutter, M. Herman, J. R. Houck, J. Jacob, D. J. Joiner, J. Kerridge, B. J. Kim, J. Krotkov, N. A. Lamsal, L. Li, C. Lindfors, A. Martin, R. V. McElroy, C. T. McLinden, C. Natraj, V. Neil, D. O. Nowlan, C. R. O'Sullivan, E. J. Palmer, P. I. Pierce, R. B. Pippin, M. R. Saiz-Lopez, A. Spurr, R. J. D. Szykman, J. J. Torres, O. Veefkind, J. P. Veihelmann, B. Wang, H. Wang, J. Chance, K. TI Tropospheric emissions: Monitoring of pollution (TEMPO) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SCATTERING; BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENTS; OZONE PROFILE RETRIEVALS; SURFACE UV IRRADIANCE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AIR-QUALITY; NO2 RETRIEVAL; FORMALDEHYDE COLUMNS; GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA AB TEMPO was selected in 2012 by NASA as the first Earth Venture Instrument, for launch between 2018 and 2021. It will measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. TEMPO observes from Mexico City, Cuba, and the Bahamas to the Canadian oil sands, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, hourly and at high spatial resolution (similar to 2.1 km N/S x 4.4 km E/W at 36.5 degrees N, 100 degrees W). TEMPO provides a tropospheric measurement suite that includes the key elements of tropospheric air pollution chemistry, as well as contributing to carbon cycle knowledge. Measurements are made hourly from geostationary (GEO) orbit, to capture the high variability present in the diurnal cycle of emissions and chemistry that are unobservable from current low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that measure once per day. The small product spatial footprint resolves pollution sources at sub-urban scale. Together, this temporal and spatial resolution improves emission inventories, monitors population exposure, and enables effective emission-control strategies. TEMPO takes advantage of a commercial GEO host spacecraft to provide a modest cost mission that measures the spectra required to retrieve ozone (O-3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (H2CO), glyoxal (C2H2O2), bromine monoxide (BrO), IO (iodine monoxide), water vapor, aerosols, cloud parameters, ultraviolet radiation, and foliage properties. TEMPO thus measures the major elements, directly or by proxy, in the tropospheric O-3 chemistry cycle. Multi-spectral observations provide sensitivity to O-3 in the lowermost troposphere, substantially reducing uncertainty in air quality predictions. TEMPO quantifies and tracks the evolution of aerosol loading. It provides these near-realtime air quality products that will be made publicly available. TEMPO will launch at a prime time to be the North American component of the global geostationary constellation of pollution monitoring together with the European Sentinel-4 (S4) and Korean Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) instruments. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zoogman, P.; Liu, X.; Suleiman, R. M.; Davis, J. E.; Dussault, M. E.; Abad, G. Gonzalez; Houck, J.; Martin, R. V.; Nowlan, C. R.; O'Sullivan, E. J.; Wang, H.; Chance, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pennington, W. F.; Flittner, D. E.; Al-Saadi, J. A.; Hilton, B. B.; Andraschko, M. R.; Neil, D. O.; Pippin, M. R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Nicks, D. K.; Baker, B. D.; Canova, B. P.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL USA. [Carr, J. L.] Carr Astronaut, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Janz, S. J.; Joiner, J.; Krotkov, N. A.; Lamsal, L.; Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Arola, A.; Lindfors, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Miller, C. Chan; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edwards, D. P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Fishman, J.; Ghulam, A.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Grutter, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Herman, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Kerridge, B. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, Oxon, England. [Kim, J.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Lamsal, L.] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [McElroy, C. T.] York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [McLinden, C.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Natraj, V.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Saiz-Lopez, A.] CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, Madrid, Spain. [Spurr, R. J. D.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Szykman, J. J.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Veefkind, J. P.] Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorolog Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Veihelmann, B.] European Space Agcy, F-75738 Paris 15, France. [Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Zoogman, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Lindfors, Anders/C-6727-2012; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Arola, Antti/0000-0002-9220-0194 NR 129 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 27 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 186 SI SI BP 17 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008 PG 23 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA ED7BP UT WOS:000389011000003 ER PT J AU Drouin, BJ Benner, DC Brown, LR Cich, MJ Crawford, TJ Devi, VM Guillaume, A Hodges, JT Mlawer, EJ Robichaud, DJ Oyafuso, F Payne, VH Sung, KY Wishnow, EH Yu, SS AF Drouin, Brian J. Benner, D. Chris Brown, Linda R. Cich, Matthew J. Crawford, Timothy J. Devi, V. Malathy Guillaume, Alexander Hodges, Joseph T. Mlawer, Eli J. Robichaud, David J. Oyafuso, Fabiano Payne, Vivienne H. Sung, Keeyoon Wishnow, Edward H. Yu, Shanshan TI Multispectrum analysis of the oxygen A-band SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Oxygen; Atmospheric absorption; Collision-induced absorption; Multispectrum fitting; Spectral lineshapes ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; LINE PARAMETERS; MU-M; O-2; ABSORPTION; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITIES AB Retrievals of atmospheric composition from near-infrared measurements require measurements of airmass to better than the desired precision of the composition. The oxygen bands are obvious choices to quantify airmass since the mixing ratio of oxygen is fixed over the full range of atmospheric conditions. The OCO-2 mission is currently retrieving carbon dioxide concentration using the oxygen A-band for airmass normalization. The 0.25% accuracy desired for the carbon dioxide concentration has pushed the required state-of-the-art for oxygen spectroscopy. To measure 02 A-band cross-sections with such accuracy through the full range of atmospheric pressure requires a sophisticated line shape model (Rautian or Speed-Dependent Voigt) with line mixing (LM) and collision induced absorption (CIA). Models of each of these phenomena exist, however, this work presents an integrated self-consistent model developed to ensure the best accuracy. It is also important to consider multiple sources of spectroscopic data for such a study in order to improve the dynamic range of the model and to minimize effects of instrumentation and associated systematic errors. The techniques of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTS) and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) allow complimentary information for such an analysis. We utilize multispectrum fitting software to generate a comprehensive new database with improved accuracy based on these datasets. The extensive information will be made available as a multi-dimensional cross-section (ABSCO) table and the parameterization will be offered for inclusion in the HITRANonline database. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Drouin, Brian J.; Brown, Linda R.; Cich, Matthew J.; Crawford, Timothy J.; Guillaume, Alexander; Oyafuso, Fabiano; Payne, Vivienne H.; Sung, Keeyoon; Yu, Shanshan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Benner, D. Chris; Devi, V. Malathy] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mlawer, Eli J.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Robichaud, David J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wishnow, Edward H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wishnow, Edward H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Drouin, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM brian.j.drouin@jpl.nasa.gov RI Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015; Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 186 SI SI BP 118 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.03.037 PG 21 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA ED7BP UT WOS:000389011000010 PM 27840454 ER PT J AU Jokisaari, AM Voorhees, PW Guyer, JE Warren, J Heinonen, OG AF Jokisaari, A. M. Voorhees, P. W. Guyer, J. E. Warren, J. Heinonen, O. G. TI Benchmark problems for numerical implementations of phase field models SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phase field model; Benchmark problem; Spinodal decomposition; Ostwald ripening ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GENERIC GRID INTERFACE; WAVE BASIS-SET; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; THERMODYNAMIC DATABASE; BINARY-ALLOYS; SIMULATIONS; PARALLEL; CALPHAD AB We present the first set of benchmark problems for phase field models that are being developed by the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). While many scientific research areas use a limited set of well-established software, the growing phase field community continues to develop a wide variety of codes and lacks benchmark problems to consistently evaluate the numerical performance of new implementations. Phase field modeling has become significantly more popular as computational power has increased and is now becoming mainstream, driving the need for benchmark problems to validate and verify new implementations. We follow the example set by the micromagnetics community to develop an evolving set of benchmark problems that test the usability, computational resources, numerical capabilities and physical scope of phase field simulation codes. In this paper, we propose two benchmark problems that cover the physics of solute diffusion and growth and coarsening of a second phase via a simple spinodal decomposition model and a more complex Ostwald ripening model. We demonstrate the utility of benchmark problems by comparing the results of simulations performed with two different adaptive time stepping techniques, and we discuss the needs of future benchmark problems. The development of benchmark problems will enable the results of quantitative phase field models to be confidently incorporated into integrated computational materials science and engineering (ICME), an important goal of the Materials Genome Initiative. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jokisaari, A. M.; Voorhees, P. W.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Hierarch Mat Design, 2205 Tech Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Voorhees, P. W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Guyer, J. E.; Warren, J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8300, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinonen, O. G.] Northwestern Argonne Inst Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Heinonen, O. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Heinonen, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM heinonen@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Hierarchical Material Design (CHiMaD) [70NANB14H012] FX The work by A.M.J., P.W.V., and O.G.H. was performed under financial assistance award 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Material Design (CHiMaD). We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on Blues and Fission, high-performance computing clusters operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory and the High Performance Computing Center at Idaho National Laboratory, respectively. Finally, A.M.J. thanks J.R. Jokisaari for constructive writing feedback. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 126 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.09.022 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ED7YZ UT WOS:000389089900018 ER PT J AU Ensign, S Currin, C Piehler, M Tobias, C AF Ensign, Scott Currin, Carolyn Piehler, Michael Tobias, Craig TI A method for using shoreline morphology to predict suspended sediment concentration in tidal creeks SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tidal creek; Sea level rise; Shoreline change; Suspended sediment; Estuarine morphology; Salt marsh ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SALT-MARSH; SURFACE; MODEL; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; ESTUARY; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB Improving mechanistic prediction of shoreline response to sea level rise is currently limited by 1) morphologic complexity of tidal creek shorelines that confounds application of mechanistic models, and 2) availability of suspended sediment measurements to parameterize mechanistic models. To address these challenges we developed a metric to distinguish two morphodynamic classes of tidal creek and tested whether this metric could be used to predict suspended sediment concentration. We studied three small tidal creeks in North Carolina, U.S.A. We collected suspended sediment at one non-tidal and two tidal sites in each creek and measured the wetland and channel width using a geographic information system. In each creek, tidal harmonics were measured for one year, sediment accretion on the salt marsh was measured for three years, and shoreline erosion was measured from aerial photographs spanning 50 years. Additional total suspended solids measurements from seven creeks reported in a national database supplemented our analysis. Among the three intensively studied creeks, shoreline erosion was highest in the most embayed creek (having a wider channel than the width of adjoining wetlands) and lowest in the wetland-dominated creek (having a channel narrower than the width of adjoining wetlands). Wetland sediment accretion rate in the wetland-dominated creek was four times higher than the accretion in the embayed creek. The wetland-dominated tidal creek had over twice the suspended sediment as the most embayed creek. Based on these results, we conclude that our metric of embayed and contrasting wetland dominated creek morphology provides a guide for choosing between two types of morphodynamic models that are widely used to predict wetland shoreline change. This metric also allowed us to parse the 10 tidal creeks studied into two groups with different suspended sediment concentrations. This relationship between suspended sediment concentration and creek morphology provides a method to estimate sediment concentration for individual tidal creek shorelines from spatial data alone, enabling more accurate parameterization of shoreline change models. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ensign, Scott] Aquat Anal & Consulting LLC, 603 Mandy Court, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Currin, Carolyn] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. [Piehler, Michael] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Tobias, Craig] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci Program, Groton, CT USA. RP Ensign, S (reprint author), Aquat Anal & Consulting LLC, 603 Mandy Court, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM scott@aquaco.us FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX J. Davis, M. Greene, A. Hitting, and M. McIver provided invaluable field and laboratory assistance. We also thank S. Cohen of the NAVFAC and the Camp Lejeune Environmental Management Division and P. Cunningham of RTI International for organizational support. J. Heffernan provided helpful comments during the planning for this research. This research was conducted under the Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP), funded by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). Views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official U.S. Department of Defense position or decision unless so designated by other official documentation. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2017 VL 276 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.geommph.2016.09.036 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA ED3VY UT WOS:000388777800020 ER PT J AU Hrabe, N Gnaupel-Herold, T Quinn, T AF Hrabe, Nikolas Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas Quinn, Timothy TI Fatigue properties of a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM): Effects of internal defects and residual stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Additive manufacturing; Electron beam melting (EBM); Fatigue; Titanium alloy; Residual stress ID MICROSTRUCTURE; SIZE AB A clear understanding of the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured with electron beam melting (EBM) is needed to ensure performance in critical applications in the medical device and aerospace industries. In this work, the effects of residual stress and internal defects (pores and voids) on fatigue properties of EBM Ti-6Al-4V material in as-built, stress-relieved; and hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) conditions were evaluated. Conventional techniques were used to measure the chemical composition and quantify microstructures, and neutron scattering was utilized to measure residual stresses. Post-processing did not alter chemical composition. Compared to the as-built condition, microstructure was unchanged for stress-relieved material and coarser for HIPed material. No significant residual stresses were measured for any of the three conditions. This indicates build platform and layer preheating lead to sufficient process temperatures to achieve full stress relief in-situ. The fatigue strengths at 10(7) cycles measured for the as-built and stress-relieved conditions were statistically similar and were measured to be 200-250 MPa. A significantly higher fatigue strength at 10(7) cycles of 550-600 MPa was measured for the HIPed condition. The increase in fatigue endurance limit was attributed to a reduction in internal porosity and void content. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hrabe, Nikolas; Quinn, Timothy] NIST, 325 Broadway,Stop 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hrabe, N (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,Stop 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nik.hrabe@nist.gov; thomas.gnaeupel-herold@nist.gov; timothy.quinn@nist.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 29 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2017 VL 94 SI SI BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.04.022 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA ED3YE UT WOS:000388783600005 ER PT J AU Al-Mohsin, HA Mineart, KP Armstrong, DP Spontak, RJ AF Al-Mohsin, Heba A. Mineart, Kenneth P. Armstrong, Daniel P. Spontak, Richard J. TI Tuning the performance of aqueous photovoltaic elastomer gels by solvent polarity and nanostructure development SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block copolymer; dye-sensitized solar cell; elastomers; organic photovoltaic devices; photochemistry; photovoltaic elastomer gel; thermoplastic elastomer ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; SULFONATED PENTABLOCK COPOLYMER; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; BIOPHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; HYDROGELS; IONOMERS; POLYMERS AB In this study, a sulfonated pentablock ionomer is considered for use as an aqueous gel electrolyte in photovoltaic elastomer gels (PVEGs) containing photosensitive dyes. Depending on the casting solvent employed, these materials order into different nanoscale morphologies, some of which inherently consist of a continuous pathway through which ions and other polar species are able to diffuse, while others transform into continuous channels upon exposure to water. Here, we examine the effect of solvent polarity during film casting, vapor annealing, and liquid immersion on block ionomer morphology and PVEG photovoltaic performance. Casting the block ionomers from a mixed nonpolar/polar solvent promotes the formation of dispersed ion-rich spherical microdomains. Alternatively, the use of a single polar solvent produces coexisting nonpolar cylinders and lamellae. Exposure of either morphology to polar solvent vapor causes the block ionomers to restructure into a lamellar morphology, whereas exposure of dispersed ion-rich microdomains to water induces a transformation to an irregular morphology composed of continuous ionic channels, which provide an effective pathway for ion diffusion and, consequently, the highest photovoltaic efficiency. In addition to their photovoltaic efficacy, these aqueous gels possess improved mechanical properties (in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus) in the presence of photosensitive dyes. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 85-95 C1 [Al-Mohsin, Heba A.] North Carolina State Univ, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mineart, Kenneth P.; Armstrong, Daniel P.; Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mineart, Kenneth P.] Natl Inst Stand Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Rich_Spontak@ncsu.edu OI Mineart, Kenneth/0000-0003-2374-4670 FU Ministry of Higher Education of Saudi Arabia; NC State Nonwovens Institute; MANN + HUMMEL GmbH; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; BSN Medical; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX H. A. Al-Mohsin is grateful for a doctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Higher Education of Saudi Arabia. K. P. Mineart acknowledges support from the NC State Nonwovens Institute, MANN + HUMMEL GmbH, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy. D. P. Armstrong thanks BSN Medical for financial support. We are indebted to Dr. B. Lee (Argonne National Laboratory) for assistance with the SAXS data collection and Dr. G. N. Parsons (NC State University) for the use of his solar simulator. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1002/polb.24242 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ED1MB UT WOS:000388608500008 ER PT J AU Pesek, SL Xiang, QQ Hammouda, B Verduzco, R AF Pesek, Stacy L. Xiang, Qiqi Hammouda, Boualem Verduzco, Rafael TI Small-angle neutron scattering analysis of bottlebrush backbone and side chain flexibility SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bottlebrush polymers; poly(lactic acid); small-angle neutron scattering ID CLUSTER FORMATION; BRUSH POLYMERS; MOLECULAR BRUSHES; COVALENT RADII; LENGTH SCALES; POLYSTYRENE; CONFORMATION; VISCOSITY; POLYMACROMONOMERS; CYCLOHEXANE AB Bottlebrush polymers have densely tethered side chains grafted to a linear polymer backbone, resulting in stretching of both the side chains and backbone. Prior studies have reported that the side chains are only weakly stretched while the backbone is highly elongated. Here, scaling laws for the bottlebrush backbone and side chains are determined through small-angle neutron scattering analysis of a systematic series of poly(lactic acid) bottlebrush polymers synthesized via a grafting-through ring-opening polymerization. Scattering profiles are modeled with the empirical Guinier-Porod, rigid cylinder, and flexible cylinder models. Side chains are found to be only weakly stretched, with an end-to-end distance proportional to N-0.55, while the overall bottlebrush increases in size proportional to N-0.77. These results demonstrate that the bottlebrush backbone is not fully extended and that both side chains and backbone have significant conformational flexibility in solution. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 104-111 C1 [Pesek, Stacy L.; Xiang, Qiqi; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 6100 Main St MS 362, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pesek, Stacy L.; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Nanosyst Engn Res Ctr Nanotechnol Enabled Water T, 6100 Main St MS 362, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Nanoengn, 6100 Main St MS 325, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Verduzco, R (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 6100 Main St MS 362, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Verduzco, R (reprint author), Rice Univ, Nanosyst Engn Res Ctr Nanotechnol Enabled Water T, 6100 Main St MS 362, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Verduzco, R (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Nanoengn, 6100 Main St MS 325, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM rafaelv@rice.edu FU NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment [ERC-1449500]; Welch Foundation for Chemical Research [C-1888]; National Science Foundation [0940902]; US National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX This work was supported by the NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (ERC-1449500) and the Welch Foundation for Chemical Research (C-1888). SLP acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program (grant # 0940902). The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. The SANS part of this work is based upon activities supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 55 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1002/polb.24251 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ED1MB UT WOS:000388608500010 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M Cheok, GS AF Franaszek, Marek Cheok, Geraldine S. TI Selection of fiducial locations and performance metrics for point-based rigid-body registration SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Point-based rigid-body registration; Performance metrics; Noise and bias in positional data ID LOCALIZATION ERROR; PLACEMENT; ACCURACY; IMAGE AB A method is described to select the location and number of fiducials used in point-based, rigid-body reg. istration of two coordinate frames. Two indices are introduced which are used to search for the optimum configuration of fiducials. They can be used to quickly evaluate a large number of configurations because no actual registration is involved in their calculation. Furthermore, configurations yielding small values of the indices correlate well with configurations which result in optimum registrations. Three registration performance metrics are discussed, and it is shown that optimization of different metrics leads to different selection of fiducial configurations. If an optimized configuration is selected as a starting configuration of N fiducials, the addition of extra fiducials does not significantly improve the registration in most cases. This work is based on 3D data acquired with three different instruments, each having different noise and bias characteristics. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Cheok, Geraldine S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 EI 1873-2372 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 47 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2016.09.010 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ED7ZB UT WOS:000389090200036 PM 28133398 ER PT J AU Telu, KH Yan, XJ Wallace, WE Stein, SE Simon-Manso, Y AF Telu, Kelly H. Yan, Xinjian Wallace, William E. Stein, Stephen E. Simon-Manso, Yamil TI Analysis of human plasma metabolites across different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry platforms: Cross-platform transferable chemical signatures (vol 30, pg 581, 2016) SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Correction C1 [Telu, Kelly H.; Yan, Xinjian; Wallace, William E.; Stein, Stephen E.; Simon-Manso, Yamil] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon-Manso, Y (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 31 IS 1 BP 152 EP 152 DI 10.1002/rcm.7773 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ED1JK UT WOS:000388601300005 PM 27943490 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Wallmo, K AF Lew, Daniel K. Wallmo, Kristy TI Temporal stability of stated preferences for endangered species protection from choice experiments SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Temporal stability; Willingness to pay; Stated preference; Choice experiments; Generalized mixed logit models; Endangered species ID TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; SCALE HETEROGENEITY; ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION; LOGIT-MODELS; MATTER; VALUES; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFERENCE AB Benefit transfer methods rely on past models and results, so it is important to know whether economic values are stable over time or are subject to change, either because of the reliability of the methodology or due to actual preference changes. The temporal stability of willingness to pay (WTP) has been tested extensively for contingent valuation, but rarely for stated preference choice experiments (CE). We use data from two identical CE surveys on different samples from the same population that occurred 17 months apart (Spring 2009 and Fall 2010) to estimate and compare mean WTP and preference parameters associated with threatened and endangered marine species protection. Our models account for both preference and scale heterogeneity, and the results suggest both types of heterogeneity matter. Tests of preference stability suggest stable preferences between 2009 and 2010. Furthermore, WTP values estimated from both surveys are not statistically different. This provides evidence that economic values estimated using CE methods are temporally stable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Silver Spring, MD 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA USA. [Wallmo, Kristy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Silver Spring, MD 98115 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov FU Pacific States marine Fisheries Commission [NA10NMF4340183] FX The authors thank Alan Haynie, Brian Garber-Yonts, Ron Felthoven, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, All remaining errors are the authors'. This work was conducted under Pacific States marine Fisheries Commission grant #NA10NMF4340183. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 131 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.009 PG 11 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA EC6LW UT WOS:000388248600009 ER PT J AU Miller, CC Hastings, H Nadal, ME AF Miller, C. Cameron Hastings, Hannah Nadal, Maria E. TI A Snapshot of 118 Solid State Lighting Testing Laboratories' Capabilities SO LEUKOS LA English DT Article DE interlaboratory comparison; LM-79; proficiency test; solid state lighting AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began to offer proficiency testing for solid state lighting (SSL) products through a Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) in 2010. The MAP program provided proficiency testing complimenting laboratory accreditation to ensure that as SSL products became more prevalent, capable testing laboratories would be available to handle the volume of measurement work. This article communicates the results of the first version of the MAP in which 118 worldwide laboratories participated. The results of the comparison provide a snapshot of the capabilities of accredited laboratories worldwide. Statistical analysis of how the laboratories' measurements compared to NIST's measurements for photometric, colorimetric, and electrical quantities and fit parameters for each measurement are presented. In general, all of the laboratory results are within +/- 4% for total luminous flux and luminous efficacy measurements. The discussion provides reasons for any discrepancies or large uncertainty intervals found in the data. For example, a major finding was that measured differences of Root Mean Square (RMS) current had a larger standard deviation and number of outliers than expected. Two possible explanations are (1) the discrepancies are due to issues with using four-pole sockets and (2) the large deviation is caused by some solid state lamps being sensitive to impedance and slew rate of AC power supplies. Further research in this area is being conducted by NIST to help the testing community reach more consistent measurement results. C1 [Miller, C. Cameron; Nadal, Maria E.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hastings, Hannah] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. RP Miller, CC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM c.miller@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This study was funded by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-2724 EI 1550-2716 J9 LEUKOS JI Leukos PY 2017 VL 13 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1080/15502724.2016.1189834 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA ED1RQ UT WOS:000388623000007 ER PT J AU Cunha, AF Collins, AG Marques, AC AF Cunha, Amanda F. Collins, Allen G. Marques, Antonio C. TI Phylogenetic relationships of Proboscoida Broch, 1910 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): Are traditional morphological diagnostic characters relevant for the delimitation of lineages at the species, genus, and family levels? SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE DNA; Classification; Diagnosis; Interspecific variation ID HYDROIDS CNIDARIA; PLUMULARIA-SETACEA; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; CRYPTIC DIVERSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; RDNA DATA; CAMPANULARIIDAE; EVOLUTION; OBELIA AB Overlapping variation of morphological characters can lead to misinterpretation in taxonomic diagnoses and the delimitation of different lineages. This is the case for hydrozoans that have traditionally been united in the family Campanulariidae, a group known for its wide morphological variation and complicated taxonomic history. In a recently proposed phylogenetic classification of leptothecate hydrozoans, this family was restricted to a more narrow sense while a larger Glade containing most species traditionally classified in Campanulariidae, along with members of Bonneviellidae, was established as the suborder Proboscoida. We used molecular data to infer the phylogenetic relationships among campanulariids and assess the traditional classification of the family, as well as the new classification scheme for the group. The congruity and relevance of diagnostic characters were also evaluated. While mostly consistent with the new phylogenetic classification of Proboscoida, our increased taxon sampling resulted in some conflicts at the family level, specially regarding the monophyly of Clytiidae and Obeliidae. Considering the traditional classification, only Obeliidae is close to its original scope (as subfamily Obeliinae). At the genus level, Campanularia and Clytia are not monophyletic. Species with Obelia-like medusae do not form a monophyletic group, nor do species with fixed gonophores, indicating that these characters do not readily diagnose different genera. Finally, the species Orthopyxis integra, Clytia gracilis, and Obelia dichotoma are not monophyletic, suggesting that most of their current diagnostic characters are not informative for their delimitation. Several diagnostic characters in this group need to be reassessed, with emphasis on their variation, in order to have a consistent taxonomic and phylogenetic framework for the classification of campanulariid hydrozoans. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cunha, Amanda F.; Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rua Matao,Travessa 14,101, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Rodovia Dr Manoel Hipolito Rego, BR-11600000 Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil. RP Cunha, AF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rua Matao,Travessa 14,101, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM amanfcunha@gmail.com; collinsa@si.edu; marques@ib.usp.br OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU Brazil Coordenacao de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [471960/2004-7, 557333/2005-9, 490348/2006-8, 490158/2009-9, 477156/2011-8, 305805/2013-4, 445444/2014-2]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2004/09961-4, 2011/22260-9, 2011/50242-5, 2013/25874-3, 2013/50484-4] FX We thank all colleagues from LEM (Laboratory of Marine Evolution) and LEMol (Laboratory of Molecular Evolution) from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, for their valuable help and support during the development of this study, and particularly C Beraldo for providing sequences of Obelia. We are also very grateful to AE Migotto, MC Oliveira, OMP Oliveira, TP Miranda, as well as NW Blackstone and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions on previous versions of this manuscript. Additionally, we thank all the following people for their assistance during field work and/or providing samples: LS Miranda, AC Morandini, MA Mendoza-Becerril, MO Fernandez, and TMC Lotufo, University of Sao Paulo; A Ramsak and A Malej, National Institute of Biology, Slovenia; S Puce and D Pica, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy; F Scarabino, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Uruguay; GN Genzano, Estacion Costera Nagera, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina; and staff of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) Carrie Bow Cay Field Station in Belize. Some of this work was performed using resources of the Laboratories of Analytical Biology at NMNH. This study was supported by Brazil Coordenacao de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) (grant no. 471960/2004-7, 557333/2005-9, 490348/2006-8, 490158/2009-9, 477156/2011-8, 305805/2013-4, 445444/2014-2) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) (grant no. 2004/09961-4, 2011/22260-9, 2011/50242-5, 2013/25874-3, 2013/50484-4). NR 108 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 106 BP 118 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.012 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EC3XD UT WOS:000388059500011 PM 27639479 ER PT J AU Lyon, M Rolston, SL AF Lyon, M. Rolston, S. L. TI Ultracold neutral plasmas SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE ultracold plasma; strongly coupled systems; Rydberg atoms; plasma oscillations; plasma instabilities; ion acoustic waves; disorder induced heating ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; STRONGLY-COUPLED PLASMAS; RYDBERG ATOMS; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; SPONTANEOUS EVOLUTION; COLD-PLASMAS; RECOMBINATION; ANTIHYDROGEN; RELAXATION; ENERGY AB By photoionizing samples of laser-cooled atoms with laser light tuned just above the ionization limit, plasmas can be created with electron and ion temperatures below 10 K. These ultracold neutral plasmas have extended the temperature bounds of plasma physics by two orders of magnitude. Table-top experiments, using many of the tools from atomic physics, allow for the study of plasma phenomena in this new regime with independent control over the density and temperature of the plasma through the excitation process. Characteristic of these systems is an inhomogeneous density profile, inherited from the density distribution of the laser-cooled neutral atom sample. Most work has dealt with unconfined plasmas in vacuum, which expand outward at velocities of order 100 m/s, governed by electron pressure, and with lifetimes of order 100 mu s, limited by stray electric fields. Using detection of charged particles and optical detection techniques, a wide variety of properties and phenomena have been observed, including expansion dynamics, collective excitations in both the electrons and ions, and collisional properties. Through three-body recombination collisions, the plasmas rapidly form Rydberg atoms, and clouds of cold Rydberg atoms have been observed to spontaneously avalanche ionize to form plasmas. Of particular interest is the possibility of the formation of strongly coupled plasmas, where Coulomb forces dominate thermal motion and correlations become important. The strongest impediment to strong coupling is disorder-induced heating, a process in which Coulomb energy from an initially disordered sample is converted into thermal energy. This restricts electrons to a weakly coupled regime and leaves the ions barely within the strongly coupled regime. This review will give an overview of the field of ultracold neutral plasmas, from its inception in 1999 to current work, including efforts to increase strong coupling and effects on plasma properties due to strong coupling. C1 [Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rolston, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rolston@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 186 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 80 IS 1 AR 017001 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/017001 PG 30 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ED3JJ UT WOS:000388745100001 PM 27852983 ER PT J AU Lei, RB Tian-Kunze, X Li, BR Heil, P Wang, J Zeng, JB Tian, ZX AF Lei, Ruibo Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan Li, Bingrui Heil, Petra Wang, Jia Zeng, Junbao Tian, Zhongxiang TI Characterization of summer Arctic sea ice morphology in the 135 degrees-175 degrees W sector using multi-scale methods SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; Concentration; Thickness; Melt pond; Morphology; Arctic ID PHYSICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; PACIFIC SECTOR; OCEAN; THICKNESS; COVER AB In summer 2014, sea ice morphological characteristics were investigated in the 135 degrees-175 degrees W sector of the Arctic Ocean using in situ, shipborne, and remote sensing measurements. Sea ice in this sector was deformed and compact compared to previous observations. The average ice area in the region (70 degrees-82.5 degrees N, 135 degrees-175 degrees W) was 7.6 x 10(5) km(2) for 29 July through 6 September 2014, the fourth largest record between 2003 and 2014. This can be attributed to the enhanced multiyear sea ice inflow from north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from September 2013 to August 2014. Multiyear ice coverage in the study region on 30 April 2014 was 55%, which was larger than the values in 2005-2013. During the melt season of 2014, the Arctic Dipole had a positive anomaly, associated with enhanced southerly wind. In summer 2014 the marginal ice zone exhibited a distinct ice retreat, whereas the pack ice zone (PIZ) showed strong persistence due to the large coverage of multiyear ice. The northward retreat of the PIZ boundary was <100 km from late July through early September 2014. In the PIZ of 76-80.5 degrees N, average ice thickness weighted by ice concentration, obtained by shipborne measurements in August 2014 was 0.54m thicker than that obtained in August 2010 due to enhanced ice deformation and less open waters in 2014. At 81 degrees N, sea ice with modal thickness of 1.48 m reached thermodynamic balance by late August 2014, which was much earlier than that in 2010. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lei, Ruibo; Li, Bingrui] State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Polar Sci, Polar Res Inst China, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. [Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan] Univ Hamburg, Inst Oceanog, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Heil, Petra] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Heil, Petra] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Zeng, Junbao] Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Tian, Zhongxiang] Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Lei, RB (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Polar Sci, Polar Res Inst China, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. EM leiruibo@pric.org.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41476170]; Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs [CHINARE2015-03-01/04-03/04-04]; NOAA CPO Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA project [1837]; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC program; Australian Antarctic Science project [4301] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41476170) and Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (Nos. CHINARE2015-03-01/04-03/04-04). JW was supported by the NOAA CPO Office of Arctic Research through RUSALCA project, which was GLERL Contribution (No. 1837). PH was supported by the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC program. This work contributes to Australian Antarctic Science project (No. 4301). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 133 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.10.009 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA EC4OR UT WOS:000388113000012 ER PT J AU Reichl, J Lai, JS Hefner, A Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Duong, T AF Reichl, John Lai, Jih-Sheng Hefner, Allen Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M. Duong, Tam TI Design Optimization of Hybrid-Switch Soft-Switching Inverters Using Multiscale Electrothermal Simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Electrothermal effects; inverters; optimization ID TRACTION MOTOR-DRIVES; IGBTS AB A multiscale electrothermal simulation approach is presented to optimize the design of a hybrid switch soft-switching inverter using a library of dynamic electrothermal component models parameterized in terms of electrical, structural, and material properties. Individual device area, snubber capacitor, and gate drive timing are used to minimize the total loss of the soft-switching inverter module subject to the design constraints including total device area and minimum on-time consideration. The proposed multiscale electrothermal simulation approach allows for a large number of parametric studies involving multiple design variables to be considered, drastically reducing simulation time. The optimized design is then compared and contrasted with an already existing design from the Virginia Tech Freedom Car Project using the generation II module. It will be shown that the proposed approach improves the baseline design by 16% in loss and reduces the cooling requirements by 42%. Validation of the electrical and thermal device models against measured data is also provided. C1 [Reichl, John; Hefner, Allen; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.; Duong, Tam] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Future Energy Elect Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Reichl, John; Lai, Jih-Sheng] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reichl, J (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Future Energy Elect Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM jreichl52@hotmail.com; laijs@vt.edu; allen.hefner@nist.gov; jose.ortiz@nist.gov; tam.duong@nist.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2017 VL 32 IS 1 BP 503 EP 514 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2528264 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EC5HZ UT WOS:000388166200041 ER PT J AU Bostelman, R Eastman, R Hong, T Enein, OA Legowik, S Foufou, S AF Bostelman, Roger Eastman, Roger Hong, Tsai Enein, Omar Aboul Legowik, Steven Foufou, Sebti BE Tokhi, MO Virk, GS TI COMPARISON OF REGISTRATION METHODS FOR MOBILE MANIPULATORS SO ADVANCES IN COOPERATIVE ROBOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference series on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines (CLAWAR) CY SEP 12-14, 2016 CL London, ENGLAND SP CLAWAR Assoc, Queen Mary Univ London, London S Bank Univ, Univ Sheffield, Kings Coll London AB Mobile manipulators can be effective, efficient, and flexible for automation on the factory floor but will need safety and performance standards for wide adoption. This paper looks at a specific area of performance standards [1] for docking and workpiece registration, with the intent of evaluating how quickly, repeatably, and accurately a mobile manipulator end effector can be aligned with a known physical target to facilitate peg-in-hole insertion tasks. To evaluate mobile manipulator docking, we conducted experiments with an automated guided vehicle (AGV)-mounted arm in a laboratory space equipped with an extensive optical tracking system and a standardized test piece (artifact) simulating an industrial assembly. We experimented with different strategies and sensors for registration and report on these approaches. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Hong, Tsai; Enein, Omar Aboul] NIST, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bostelman, Roger] Univ Bourgogne, Lab Le2i, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Eastman, Roger] Loyola Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA. [Legowik, Steven] Robot Res LLC, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, Coll Engn, CSE Dept, Doha, Qatar. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bostelman, R (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, Lab Le2i, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-3149-12-0 PY 2017 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BG0LX UT WOS:000386326300026 ER PT J AU Bangma, JT Reiner, JL Jones, M Lowers, RH Nilsen, F Rainwater, TR Somerville, S Guillette, LJ Bowden, JA AF Bangma, Jacqueline T. Reiner, Jessica L. Jones, Martin Lowers, Russell H. Nilsen, Frances Rainwater, Thomas R. Somerville, Stephen Guillette, Louis J. Bowden, John A. TI Variation in perfluoroalkyl acids in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE PFAA; PFOS; PFOA; Spatial trends; American alligator ID PERFLUORINATED ALKYL ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; SUBSTANCES; CROCODILES; PLASMA; RIVER; SEA; CONTAMINANTS; ELIMINATION; ENVIRONMENT AB This study aimed to quantify concentrations of fifteen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the plasma of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabiting wetlands surrounding the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, USA located at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR). Approximately 10 male and 10 female alligators (n(total) = 229) were sampled each month during 2008 and 2009 to determine if seasonal or spatial trends existed with PFAA burden. PFOS represented the highest plasma burden (median 185 ng/g) and PFHxS the second highest (median 7.96 ng/g). While no significant seasonal trends were observed, unique spatial trends emerged. Many of the measured PFAAs co-varied strongly together and similar trends were observed for PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA, and PFDoA, as well as for PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFTriA, and PHA, suggesting more than one source of PFAAs at MINWR. Higher concentrations of PFOS and the PFAAs that co-varied with PFOS were collected from animals around sites that included the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) fire house and the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout (O&C) retention pond, while higher concentrations of PFOA and the PFAA that co-varied with PFOA were sampled from animals near the gun range and the old fire training facility. Sex-based differences and snout-vent length (SVL) correlations with PFAA burden were also investigated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bangma, Jacqueline T.; Nilsen, Frances; Somerville, Stephen; Guillette, Louis J.] Med Univ South Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reiner, Jessica L.; Nilsen, Frances; Bowden, John A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Jones, Martin] Coll Charleston, Dept Math, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Lowers, Russell H.] IMSS, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Clemson Univ, Tom Yawkey Wildlife Ctr, POB 596, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] Clemson Univ, Baruch Inst Coastal Ecol & Forest Sci, POB 596, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. RP Bowden, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.bowden@nist.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2017 VL 166 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.088 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DZ9HR UT WOS:000386186400007 PM 27689886 ER PT J AU Toulouse, J Iolin, E Hennion, B Petitgrand, D Erwin, R AF Toulouse, J. Iolin, E. Hennion, B. Petitgrand, D. Erwin, R. TI Resonance damping of the terahertz-frequency transverse acoustic phonon in the relaxor ferroelectric KTa1-xNbxO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; CRYSTALS AB The damping (Gamma a) of the transverse acoustic (TA) phonon in single crystals of the relaxor KTa1-xNbxO3 with x = 0.15-0.17 was studied by means of high resolution inelastic cold neutron scattering near the (200) Brillouin Zone (BZ) point where diffuse scattering is absent, although it is present near (110). In a wide range of temperatures centered on the phase transition, T = 195K divided by 108 K, the TA phonon width (damping) exhibits a step increase around momentum q = 0.07, goes through a shallowmaximum at q = 0.09-0.12, and remains high above and up to the highest momentum studied of q = 0.16. These experimental results are explained in terms of a resonant interaction between the TA phonon and the collective or correlated reorientation through tunneling of the off-center Nb+5 ions. The observed TA damping is successfully reproduced in a simple model that includes an interaction between the TA phonon and a dispersionless localized mode (LM) with frequency omega(L) and damping Gamma(L) (Gamma(L) < omega(L)), itself coupled to the transverse optic (TO) mode. Maximum damping of the TA phonon occurs when its frequency is omega(a) approximate to omega(L). The values of omega(L) and Gamma(L) are moderately dependent on temperature, but the oscillator strength, M-2, of the resonant damping exhibits a strong maximum in the range T similar to 120K divided by 150K in which neutron diffuse scattering near the (110) BZ point is also maximum and the dielectric susceptibility exhibits the relaxor behavior. The maximum value of M appears to be due to the increasing number of polar nanodomains. In support of the proposed model, the observed value of omega(L)approximate to 0.7 THz is found to be similar to the estimate previously obtained by Girshberg and Yacoby [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24, 015901 (2012)]. Alternatively, the TA phonon damping can be successfully fitted in the framework of an empirical Havriliak-Negami (HN) relaxation model that includes a strong resonancelike transient contribution. C1 [Toulouse, J.; Iolin, E.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Iolin, E.] Latvian Acad Sci, Riga, Latvia. [Hennion, B.; Petitgrand, D.] CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91400 Saclay, France. [Erwin, R.] NIST, Natl Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Toulouse, J (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jt02@lehigh.edu; eiolin@netzero.net FU U S Department of Energy [DE-FG-06ER46318] FX Special thanks to L. A. Boatner for the KTN crystals and to P. Gehring for useful discussions. The experimental part of this paper was initially supported by the U S Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG-06ER46318. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 21 AR 214116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.214116 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EG4IB UT WOS:000391006100001 ER PT J AU Stewart, JA Anagnostou, E Foster, GL AF Stewart, Joseph A. Anagnostou, Eleni Foster, Gavin L. TI An improved boron isotope pH proxy calibration for the deep-sea coral Desmophyllum dianthus through sub-sampling of fibrous aragonite SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Desmophyllum dianthus; Deep-sea coral; pH; Boron isotopes; Trace element; Fibrous aragonite ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; WATER SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; GALAXEA-FASCICULARIS; LAST DEGLACIATION; UP-REGULATION; SEAWATER PH; PALEO-PH; CALCIFICATION; GROWTH AB The isotopic composition of boron (delta B-11) in marine carbonates is well established as a proxy for past ocean pH, however, its robust application to palaeo-environments relies on the generation of species-specific calibrations. Existing calibrations utilising the deep-sea coral (DSC) Desmophyllum dianthus highlight the potential application of this pervasive species to pH reconstructions of intermediate depth waters. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the estimation of seawater pH from these bulk skeletal delta B-11 measurements, likely resulting from microstructural heterogeneities in delta B-11 of D. dianthus. To circumvent this problem, thus improving the reliability of the D. dianthus delta B-11-pH calibration, we present a new delta B-11 calibration of micro-sampled fibrous aragonite from this species. Modern coral specimens recovered from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans, micro-sampled using microdrilling, micromilling, and laser cutting extraction, were analysed for trace element (B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and U/Ca) and boron isotopic composition. We find the best calibration against the delta B-11 of borate in local ambient seawater (a function of pH and taken from hydrographic data sets; pH range 7.57 to 8.05) utilises delta B-11 measurements of fibres with likely slow growth rates and minimal contamination from adjacent microstructures (identified by low Mg/Ca) for each coral specimen. This new calibration exhibits a stronger, and better-defined dependence on ambient seawater pH compared to bulk coral delta B-11; delta B-11(fibre) = (0.93 +/- 0.17) x delta B-11(borate) + (12.02 +/- 2.63). We suggest that the majority of the variability in measured delta B-11 between replicate bands of fibrous aragonite from a D. dianthus specimen can be explained by small incorporation of non-fibrous aragonite and surface impurities during microsampling and growth rate effects. This study confirms the utility of D. dianthus as an archive of precise palaeo-pH (+/- 0.07 pH units), provided that suitable sampling strategies are applied. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stewart, Joseph A.; Anagnostou, Eleni; Foster, Gavin L.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Stewart, Joseph A.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Stewart, JA (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM Joseph.Stewart@noaa.gov OI Anagnostou, Eleni/0000-0002-7200-4794 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J021075/1] FX Financial was supported provided by the Natural Environment Research Council [grant number NE/J021075/1]. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 30 PY 2016 VL 447 BP 148 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.10.029 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EF9ED UT WOS:000390632600012 ER PT J AU Becker, SL Finn, JT Danylchuk, AJ Pollock, CG Hillis-Starr, Z Lundgren, I Jordaan, A AF Becker, Sarah L. Finn, John T. Danylchuk, Andy J. Pollock, Clayton G. Hillis-Starr, Zandy Lundgren, Ian Jordaan, Adrian TI Influence of detection history and analytic tools on quantifying spatial ecology of a predatory fish in a marine protected area SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic telemetry; Home range; Marine protected areas; Great barracuda; Sphyraena barracuda; Analytical tools ID CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RESERVES; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; SUSTAINABILITY; TELEMETRY; FISHERIES; DYNAMICS; ADJACENT AB As marine protected areas expand globally, filling data gaps regarding the spatial ecology of marine species has become increasingly important. Acoustic telemetry aims to provide this vital information through generating datasets that can be used to reveal complex movement patterns. The effects of analytic method choice and study design on results must be rigorously analyzed to validate the accuracy of ecological interpretations. We assessed the role of analytic method choice on ecological conclusions derived from an acoustic telemetry array at Buck Island Reef National Monument, USVI. Core use area estimates of great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda (n = 32) generated with 3 methods were compared, and the impact of variation in detection history on the ability to interpret results was modeled. Kernel utilization densities, dynamic Brownian bridge movement models, and network analysis indicated high site fidelity paired with less frequent broad exploratory movements. The first 2 methods both identified high use areas, whereas network methods placed higher emphasis on movement corridors and links between core and peripheral use areas. Generalized linear models showed that detection history impacted home range area estimates and confounded the ability to determine ecological relationships. As marine protected areas increase in relevance, it is important that methods to evaluate their effectiveness do not miss complex spatial-temporal patterns and that areas vital to ecological processes are considered alongside areas of highest use. Including network methods in routine spatial assessments may help reveal fish movement patterns previously hidden by using conventional home range analyses. C1 [Becker, Sarah L.; Finn, John T.; Danylchuk, Andy J.; Jordaan, Adrian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pollock, Clayton G.; Hillis-Starr, Zandy] Natl Pk Serv, Buck Isl Reef Natl Monument, St Croix, VI USA. [Lundgren, Ian] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Habitat Conservat Div, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Becker, SL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sbecker@eco.umass.edu FU University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Park Service; University of Puerto Rico Sea Grant FX This research was funded by the University of Massachusetts Amherst, National Park Service, and University of Puerto Rico Sea Grant. This work would not have been possible without the contributions of Mark Monaco and Matt Kendall (NOAA Biogeography Branch), Ron Hill and Jennifer Doerr (NOAA Fishery Ecology Branch), Kristen Hart (US Geological Survey), Michael Feeley and David Bryan (South Florida/Caribbean I&M Network), Richard Nemeth (University of the Virgin Islands), Greg Skomal (Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries), and Bryan DeAngelis (The Nature Conservancy). We also thank Jamie Kilgo, Elizabeth Whitcher, Tessa Code, and Richard Berey for field assistance during tagging and for conducting receiver downloads and maintenance with the National Park Service in St. Croix. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 29 PY 2016 VL 562 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.3354/meps11962 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EK8OP UT WOS:000394183600012 ER PT J AU Cerchio, S Trudelle, L Zerbini, AN Charrassin, JB Geyer, Y Mayer, FX Andrianarivelo, N Jung, JL Adam, O Rosenbaum, HC AF Cerchio, Salvatore Trudelle, Laurene Zerbini, Alexandre N. Charrassin, Jean-Benoit Geyer, Ygor Mayer, Francois Xavier Andrianarivelo, Norbert Jung, Jean-Luc Adam, Olivier Rosenbaum, Howard C. TI Satellite telemetry of humpback whales off Madagascar reveals insights on breeding behavior and long-range movements within the southwest Indian Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humpback whales; Satellite telemetry; Madagascar; Breeding behavior; Movement patterns; Population structure ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WINTERING GROUNDS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEX; DESTINATIONS; MOZAMBIQUE; ABUNDANCE AB Humpback whales breeding in the southwest Indian Ocean are thought to exhibit population substructure between Madagascar and east Africa. To investigate regional movements, breeding behavior and habitat utilization, 23 whales were satellite-tagged off Madagascar during peak breeding season off the northeast and southwest coasts. Mean tag duration was 24.2 d (3 to 58 d), during which time no individual remained near the immediate tagging sites and several displayed extensive long-range movements. We applied a switching state-space model to estimate behavioral modes of 'transiting' (b-mode approaching 1.0) vs. 'localized' (b-mode approaching 2.0) movement. A general linear mixed-effects model indicated females were more likely to display transiting behavior than males (mean b-mode females = 1.27, males = 1.65; p = 0.031). Whales tagged in the northeast displayed localized movements off the central east coast of Madagascar, whereas whales tagged in the southwest displayed localized movements on the southern coasts, with little overlap. Long-distance movements included north-westerly trajectories to eastern Africa and southerly transits to Walters Shoals and the Crozet Islands. Despite these long-range movements in short periods, no whale travelled to the northwest coast of Madagascar, nor to Mozambique or the Mascarene Islands. These results suggest there may be more interchange between Madagascar and central-east Africa than previously thought, and whales off east and west Madagascar may not use the same habitat within breeding seasons; important findings for defining sub-population structure and conservation management strategy. Furthermore, male mating strategy may involve more localized searching or dis playing, whereas females travel more extensively during the breeding season, observations that are consistent with a large-scale lek mating system. C1 [Cerchio, Salvatore] New England Aquarium, 1 Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Cerchio, Salvatore] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Trudelle, Laurene; Adam, Olivier] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8195, Bioacoust Team,Inst NeuroSci Paris Saclay NeuroPS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Trudelle, Laurene; Charrassin, Jean-Benoit] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN,IPSL,UPMC, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Trudelle, Laurene] Biotope, Unite Rech & Dev, 22 Blvd Marechal Foch,BP 58, F-34140 Meze, France. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 4th Ave W, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Geyer, Ygor] Inst Aqualie, Ave Dr Paulo Japiassu 714-206, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Mayer, Francois Xavier] Cetamada, Ambodifotatra BP 5, Sainte Marie 515, Madagascar. [Andrianarivelo, Norbert] Univ Toliara, Inst Halieut & Sci Marines, Toliara, Madagascar. [Jung, Jean-Luc] BioGemme Lab, Brest, France. [Adam, Olivier] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, UMR 7190,Inst Jean Le Rond dAlembert, F-75005 Paris, France. [Rosenbaum, Howard C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ocean Giants Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Cerchio, S (reprint author), New England Aquarium, 1 Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA.; Cerchio, S (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM scerchio@neaq.org FU Total Foundation FX Many individuals made this work possible. This study represents a collaborative effort between the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS, USA), Institute of Neurosciences Paris Saclay (NeuroPSI, France), Association Cetamada (Madagascar) and NOAA National Marine Mammal Lab (NMML, USA). Maria Faria, Henry Bellon, Boris Andrianantenaina and Andrew Wilson provided critical field logistic support and participated in field work; further logistic and administrative support was provided by Sophia Rakotoharimalala, Anjara Salomavola, Sylviane Raharivelo, Luccianie Raonison, Cesaire Ramilison, Rina Ralison, Devon Litherland, Victoria Cordi, Ambroise Brenier and Christopher Holmes. For logistical support in the Anakao region, we thank the staff of IHSM in Toliara, in particular Daniel Ramampiherika and Thierry Lavitra, Thierry Bournonville and the staff of Lalandaka Lodge, Michel Agou and Madame Diamondra from Le Prince Hotel, and the Ministry of Fisheries PACP project. Amy Kennedy provided valuable guidance in analysis. Loriane Mendez, Eric Alfonsi, Eleonore Meheust, Stephen Gaughran and Francois-Gilles Carpentier provided assistance with molecular analysis. Field work was approved under permit from the Madagascar Ministry of the Environment issued to Cetamada for work around Ile Sainte Marie and to WCS for work around Anakao. Funding for satellite tagging was provided by generous support from the Total Foundation to NeuroPSI and by individuals and foundations to the WCS Ocean Giants Program. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD DEC 29 PY 2016 VL 562 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.3354/meps11951 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EK8OP UT WOS:000394183600015 ER PT J AU FitzMaurice, A Straneo, F Cenedese, C Andres, M AF FitzMaurice, A. Straneo, F. Cenedese, C. Andres, M. TI Effect of a sheared flow on iceberg motion and melting SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INTERACTIVE ICEBERGS; GLACIAL FJORD; GREENLAND; ICE; OCEAN; ATLANTIC; DYNAMICS; MODEL; DRIFT AB Icebergs account for approximately half the freshwater flux into the ocean from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and play a major role in the distribution of meltwater into the ocean. Global climate models distribute this freshwater by parameterizing iceberg motion and melt, but these parameterizations are presently informed by limited observations. Here we present a record of speed and draft for 90 icebergs from Sermilik Fjord, southeastern Greenland, collected in conjunction with wind and ocean velocity data over an 8 month period. It is shown that icebergs subject to strongly sheared flows predominantly move with the vertical average of the ocean currents. If, as typical in iceberg parameterizations, only the surface ocean velocity is taken into account, iceberg speed and basal melt may have errors in excess of 60%. These results emphasize the need for parameterizations to consider ocean properties over the entire iceberg draft. C1 [FitzMaurice, A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Straneo, F.; Cenedese, C.; Andres, M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP FitzMaurice, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM apf@princeton.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4320106]; NSF [OCE-1434041, PLR-1332911]; [NSFPLR-1332911] FX We acknowledge D. Sutherland for help in the PIES deployment and recovery, R. Jackson for providing the processed ADCP data, and A. Silvano for a preliminary analysis of the PIES data, which are available at heatandice.whoi.edu A.F. was supported by NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. F.S. was supported by NSFPLR-1332911 and OCE-1434041, C.C. was supported by NSF OCE-1434041, and M.A. was supported by NSF PLR-1332911. We thank two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 24 BP 12520 EP 12527 DI 10.1002/2016GL071602 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI8FT UT WOS:000392741900026 ER PT J AU Solomon, S Kinnison, D Garcia, RR Bandoro, J Mills, M Wilka, C Neely, RR Schmidt, A Barnes, JE Vernier, JP Hopfner, M AF Solomon, Susan Kinnison, Doug Garcia, Rolando R. Bandoro, Justin Mills, Michael Wilka, Catherine Neely, Ryan R., III Schmidt, Anja Barnes, John E. Vernier, Jean-Paul Hoepfner, Michael TI Monsoon circulations and tropical heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the stratosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR; OZONE DEPLETION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; HALOGEN CHEMISTRY; SUMMER MONSOON; AEROSOL; TRANSPORT; EXTINCTION; CLIMATE AB Model simulations presented in this paper suggest that transport processes associated with the summer monsoons bring increased abundances of hydrochloric acid into contact with liquid sulfate aerosols in the cold tropical lowermost stratosphere, leading to heterogeneous chemical activation of chlorine species. The calculations indicate that the spatial and seasonal distributions of chlorine monoxide and chlorine nitrate near the monsoon regions of the northern hemisphere tropical and subtropical lowermost stratosphere could provide indicators of heterogeneous chlorine processing. In the model, these processes impact the local ozone budget and decrease ozone abundances, implying a chemical contribution to longer-term northern tropical ozone profile changes at 16-19 km. C1 [Solomon, Susan; Bandoro, Justin; Wilka, Catherine] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kinnison, Doug; Garcia, Rolando R.; Mills, Michael] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Neely, Ryan R., III; Schmidt, Anja] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Neely, Ryan R., III] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Vernier, Jean-Paul] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Vernier, Jean-Paul] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Hoepfner, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM solos@mit.edu; mmills@ucar.edu OI Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Wilka, Catherine/0000-0002-2917-1140; Schmidt, Anja/0000-0001-8759-2843; Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346; Kinnison, Douglas/0000-0002-3418-0834 FU Natural Environment Research Council through National Centre for Atmospheric Science in the UK; Academic Research Fellowship from University of Leeds; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NOAA/ESRL/GMD; U.S. National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; NSF; [NSF-1539972]; [NSF-1419667] FX We thank Dan Murphy and Brian Toon for their helpful discussions. S.S. and J.B. acknowledge funding under NSF-1539972 and NSF-1419667. R.N. is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science in the UK. A.S. was supported by an Academic Research Fellowship from the University of Leeds and a National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) visiting researcher grant. J.E.B. is funded by NOAA/ESRL/GMD. NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. WACCM is a component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by NCAR's Climate Simulation Laboratory, sponsored by NSF and other agencies. This research was enabled by the computational and storage resources of NCAR's Computational and Information System Laboratory. We thank NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for the MERRA data (accessed freely online at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the Aura MLS team for HCl data (accessed freely online at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/data-holdings/MLS). Mauna Loa lidar data shown in this paper may be accessed at http://ndacc-lidar.org/. Model results shown in this paper are available on request to the WACCM liaison, Michael Mills mmills@ucar.edu. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 24 BP 12624 EP 12633 DI 10.1002/2016GL071778 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI8FT UT WOS:000392741900038 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, P Ramasamy, US Krueger, S Robinson, JW Tarasevich, BJ Martini, A Cosimbescu, L AF Bhattacharya, Priyanka Ramasamy, Uma Shantini Krueger, Susan Robinson, Joshua W. Tarasevich, Barbara J. Martini, Ashlie Cosimbescu, Lelia TI Trends in Thermoresponsive Behavior of Lipophilic Polymers SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AB In an effort to find correlations between size changes with temperature of lipophilic polymers in solution and viscosity index trends, the determination of the size of thermoresponsive polymers of various architectures (linear, comb-like, star, and hyperbranched) using two experimental techniques under infinite dilution conditions (0.5% w/w) - dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering, and predictive molecular dynamics simulations is described herein. Viscosity index is an important parameter for lubricants and other rheological applications. The aim of this work was to predict polymer behavior as viscosity index improvers (VIIs) using tools which require minimal amounts of material, as opposed to measuring kinematic viscosities, which require multigram quantities. There were no significant correlations between changes in polymer size with temperature and viscosity index (VI). The polymers with the highest VI (polyalkyl methacrylate - PAMA and Star PAMA) had polar backbones in contrast to the nonpolar backbones of the and hyperbranched (OCP and HBPE, respectively), so the disparity in solubility of the backbone and solvent medium appears to correlate with the observed VIs. It was concluded that none of the aforementioned techniques can entirely predict the polymer behavior as VIIs, at least in the temperature range studied (40-100 degrees C). C1 [Bhattacharya, Priyanka; Robinson, Joshua W.; Tarasevich, Barbara J.; Cosimbescu, Lelia] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Ramasamy, Uma Shantini; Martini, Ashlie] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA. [Krueger, Susan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhattacharya, Priyanka] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy Technol & Mat Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Robinson, Joshua W.] Agr Int Serv, USDA, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Cosimbescu, L (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM lelia.cosimbescu@pnnl.gov FU Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship at PNNL; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, ACI-1053575]; U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Vehicle Technology [27029]; DOE [DEAC05-76RL01830]; American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [55026-ND6] FX P.B. is grateful for support from a Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship at PNNL. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreements DMR-0944772. U.S.R. and A.M. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Vehicle Technology (under Contract No. 27029) of the PNNL AOP project. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DEAC05-76RL01830. U.S.R. and A.M. also acknowledge the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (# 55026-ND6) for partial support of this research. The computational aspects of this work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ACI-1053575. The authors cordially acknowledge helpful discussions with Sona Slocum on similar work performed at Lubrizol. We thank Afton Chemical for generously donating base oils for screening purposes and both Lubrizol and Evonik for donating benchmark polymers (OCP and PAMA). NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 51 BP 12983 EP 12990 DI 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03812 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EG5KG UT WOS:000391082100002 ER PT J AU Ao, GY Streit, JK Fagan, JA Zheng, M AF Ao, Geyou Streit, Jason K. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Zheng, Ming TI Differentiating Left- and Right-Handed Carbon Nanotubes by DNA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; GEL COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CHIRALITY; SEPARATION; RECOGNITION; ENANTIOMERS; SEQUENCE; SPECTRA AB New structural characteristics emerge when solid-state crystals are constructed in lower dimensions. This is exemplified by single-wall carbon nanotubes, which exhibit a degree of freedom in handedness and a multitude of helicities that give rise to three distinct types of electronic structures: metals, quasi-metals, and semiconductors. Here we report the use of intrinsically chiral single-stranded DNA to achieve simultaneous handedness and helicity control for all three types of nanotubes. We apply polymer aqueous two-phase systems to select special DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes, each of which we argue must have an ordered DNA structure that binds to a nanotube of defined handedness and helicity and resembles a well-folded biomacromolecule with innate stereoselectivity. We have screened over 300 short single-stranded DNA sequences with palindrome symmetry, leading to the selection of more than 20 distinct carbon nanotube structures that have defined helicity and handedness and cover the entire chiral angle range and all three electronic types. The mechanism of handedness selection is illustrated by a DNA sequence that adopts two distinct folds on a pair of (6,5) nanotube enantiomers, rendering them large differences in fluorescence intensity and chemical reactivity. This result establishes a first example of functionally distinguishable left- and right-handed carbon nanotubes. Taken together, our work demonstrates highly efficient enantiomer differentiation by DNA and offers a first comprehensive solution to achieve simultaneous handedness and helicity control for all three electronic types of carbon nanotubes. C1 [Ao, Geyou; Streit, Jason K.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov FU AFOSR FX We thank Drs. Anand Jagota and Jack Douglas for their critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by a grant from AFOSR. J.K.S. acknowledges a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 51 BP 16677 EP 16685 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b09135 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EG5KD UT WOS:000391081800020 PM 27936661 ER PT J AU Turgut, E Zusin, D Legut, D Carva, K Knut, R Shaw, JM Chen, C Tao, ZS Nembach, HT Silva, TJ Mathias, S Aeschlimann, M Oppeneer, PM Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Grychtol, P AF Turgut, Emrah Zusin, Dmitriy Legut, Dominik Carva, Karel Knut, Ronny Shaw, Justin M. Chen, Cong Tao, Zhensheng Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. Mathias, Stefan Aeschlimann, Martin Oppeneer, Peter M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Grychtol, Patrik TI Stoner versus Heisenberg: Ultrafast exchange reduction and magnon generation during laser-induced demagnetization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS; ELECTRON THERMALIZATION; FERROMAGNETIC NICKEL; HIGH HARMONICS; MAGNETISM; ITINERANT AB Understanding how the electronic band structure of a ferromagnetic material is modified during laser-induced demagnetization on femtosecond time scales has been a long-standing question in condensed matter physics. Here, we use ultrafast high harmonics to measure time-, energy-, and angle-resolved M-edge magnetic asymmetry spectra for Co films after optical pumping to induce ultrafast demagnetization. This provides a complete data set that we can compare with advanced ab initio magneto-optical calculations. Our analysis identifies that the dominant mechanisms contributing to ultrafast demagnetization on time scales up to several picoseconds are a transient reduction in the exchange splitting and the excitation of ultrafast magnons. Surprisingly, we find that the magnon contribution to ultrafast demagnetization is already strong on subpicosecond time scales, while the reduction in exchange splitting persists to several picoseconds. C1 [Turgut, Emrah; Zusin, Dmitriy; Knut, Ronny; Chen, Cong; Tao, Zhensheng; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Grychtol, Patrik] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turgut, Emrah; Zusin, Dmitriy; Knut, Ronny; Chen, Cong; Tao, Zhensheng; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Grychtol, Patrik] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Legut, Dominik] VSB Tech Univ Ostrava, Ctr IT4Innovat, CZ-70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic. [Legut, Dominik; Carva, Karel] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic. [Carva, Karel; Oppeneer, Peter M.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mathias, Stefan] Georg August Univ Gottingen, Phys Inst 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Aeschlimann, Martin] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Turgut, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Turgut, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Carva, Karel/A-3703-2008; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Carva, Karel/0000-0002-2275-1986; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 FU Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences X-Ray Scattering Program [DE-SC0002002]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Award [GBMF4538]; Swedish Research Council (VR); EU [281043]; Wallenberg Foundation [2015.0060]; German Science Foundation [SFB/TRR 173]; Czech Science Foundation [15-08740Y]; IT4Innovations Project [LM2015070]; COST Action MP1306 EUSpec FX This work was done at JILA. M.M.M. and H.C.K. acknowledge support from the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences X-Ray Scattering Program Award No. DE-SC0002002 and a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Award through Grant No. GBMF4538. R.K. and P.M.O. acknowledge the Swedish Research Council (VR) for financial support. K.C. and P.M.O. acknowledge support from the EU Seventh Framework Program (Grant No. 281043, FemtoSpin) and the Wallenberg Foundation (Grant No. 2015.0060). M.A. acknowledges support from the German Science Foundation through the SFB/TRR 173 "Spin+X" (Project A02). K.C. acknowledges the Czech Science Foundation (Grant No. 15-08740Y). D.L. acknowledges support from IT4Innovations Project No. LM2015070 and COST Action MP1306 EUSpec. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 22 AR 220408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.220408 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EG4IS UT WOS:000391007800002 ER PT J AU Bertin, MJ Zimba, PV He, HY Moeller, PDR AF Bertin, Matthew J. Zimba, Paul V. He, Haiyin Moeller, Peter D. R. TI Structure revision of trichotoxin, a chlorinated polyketide isolated from a Trichodesmium thiebautii bloom SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cyanobacteria blooms; Trichodesmium thiebautii; Polyketide; Trichotoxin ID CYANOBACTERIUM LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; MARINE CYANOBACTERIA; NATURAL-PRODUCT; FORMING CYANOBACTERIUM; THEONELLA-SWINHOEI; CURACIN-A; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLITES; PEPTIDE AB NMR-guided fractionation of the lipophilic extract of Trichodesmium thiebautii filaments led to the isolation of a phenyl-containing chlorinated polyketide (1) and an alkyne-containing analog (2). Comparison of spectroscopic and spectrometric data of 1 with the data of the previously reported trichotoxin, strongly suggested that these metabolites were identical and supports a structural revision of trichotoxin and its designation as trichotoxin A. In addition, we report the isolation and characterization of the alkyne-containing analog trichotoxin B (2). Absolute configuration of 1 and 2 is proposed based on spectroscopic comparison to a close structural analog. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bertin, Matthew J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] Texas A&M, Dept Life Sci, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [He, Haiyin] Biosortia Pharmaceut, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Emerging Toxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bertin, MJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, 7 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM mbertin@uri.edu FU NSF/NIEHS [R01 ES21968-1]; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Network for Biomedical Research Excellence from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (United States) [P20GM103430]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement [EPS-1004057] FX Funding in part provided by NSF/NIEHS R01 ES21968-1 awarded to PVZ. We thank I-Shuo Huang for field collection assistance. Certain spectroscopic and spectrometric data were acquired on instrumentation located at the University of Rhode Island in the RI-INBRE core facility, which is supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Network for Biomedical Research Excellence from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (United States) under grant #P20GM103430. This material is in part based upon work conducted at a research facility at the University of Rhode Island supported in part by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement #EPS-1004057. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 57 IS 52 BP 5864 EP 5867 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.062 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA EG0RA UT WOS:000390738700007 ER PT J AU Plankensteiner, D Schachenmayer, J Ritsch, H Genes, C AF Plankensteiner, D. Schachenmayer, J. Ritsch, H. Genes, C. TI Laser noise imposed limitations of ensemble quantum metrology SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laser noise; quantum metrology; Ramsey spectroscopy; precision measurements; quantum noise; theoretical physics ID SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; PHYSICS; CLOCKS; STATES; GASES AB Laser noise is a decisive limiting factor in high precision spectroscopy of narrow lines using atomic ensembles. In an idealized Doppler and differential-light-shift-free magic wavelength lattice configuration, it remains as one distinct principal limitation beyond collective atomic decay. In this work we study the limitations originating from laser phase and amplitude noise in an idealized Ramsey pulse interrogation scheme with uncorrelated atoms. Phase noise leads to a saturation of the frequency sensitivity with increasing atom number while amplitude noise implies a scaling 1/root T with T being the interrogation time. We employ a technique using decoherence-free subspaces first introduced in Dorner (2012 New J. Phys. 14 043011) which can restore the scaling with the square root of the inverse particle number 1/root N. Similar results and improvements are obtained numerically for a Rabi spectroscopy setup. C1 [Plankensteiner, D.; Ritsch, H.; Genes, C.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Tech Str 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Schachenmayer, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Genes, C.] TU Wien Atominst, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Stad Allee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. RP Genes, C (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Tech Str 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Genes, C (reprint author), TU Wien Atominst, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Stad Allee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. EM claudiu.genes@uibk.ac.at RI genes, claudiu/A-5043-2017 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [DK-ALM: W1259-N27, P24968-N27]; DARPA through the QUASAR project; DARPA through JILA [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF-1211914] FX We acknowledge very informative and helpful discussions with Laurin Ostermann on theoretical aspects of this work. Also, we thank Aurelien Dantan for input on experimental details of laser noise sources. We acknowledge financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) within the DK-ALM: W1259-N27 (DP) and a stand-alone project with number P24968-N27 (CG), by DARPA through the QUASAR project (HR), and through JILA under grants JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844 and NSF-PIF-1211914 (JS). Furthermore, we acknowledge the use of the open-source software QuTiP [34]. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 24 AR 245501 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/24/245501 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EE0HZ UT WOS:000389256400001 ER PT J AU Jag, M Cetina, M Lous, RS Grimm, R Levinsen, J Petrov, DS AF Jag, M. Cetina, M. Lous, R. S. Grimm, R. Levinsen, J. Petrov, D. S. TI Lifetime of Feshbach dimers in a Fermi-Fermi mixture of Li-6 and K-40 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; OPTICAL LATTICE; RESONANCES; GASES; ATOMS; CONDENSATION; PAIRS AB We present a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the lifetime of weakly bound dimers formed near narrow interspecies Feshbach resonances in mass-imbalanced Fermi-Fermi systems, considering the specific example of a mixture of Li-6 and K-40 atoms. Our work addresses the central question of the increase in the stability of the dimers resulting from Pauli suppression of collisional losses, which is a well-known effect in mass-balanced fermionic systems near broad resonances. We present measurements of the spontaneous dissociation of dimers in dilute samples, and of the collisional losses in dense samples arising from both dimer-dimer processes and from atom-dimer processes. We find that all loss processes are suppressed close to the Feshbach resonance. Our general theoretical approach for fermionic mixtures near narrow Feshbach resonances provides predictions for the suppression of collisional decay as a function of the detuning from resonance, and we find excellent agreement with the experimental benchmarks provided by our Li-6-K-40 system. We finally present model calculations for other Feshbach-resonant Fermi-Fermi systems, which are of interest for experiments in the near future. C1 [Jag, M.; Cetina, M.; Lous, R. S.; Grimm, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat IQOQI, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Jag, M.; Cetina, M.; Lous, R. S.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Levinsen, J.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Petrov, D. S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LPTMS, Univ Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Cetina, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cetina, M.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jag, M (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat IQOQI, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Jag, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009 OI Grimm, Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558 FU Austrian Science Fund FWF within FoQuS [Spezialforschungsbereich (SFB), F4004-N23]; European Research Council [341197]; IFRAF Institute FX We thank J. Walraven and M. Zaccanti for stimulating discussions. M. J., M.C., R.S.L., and R.G. acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund FWF within the Spezialforschungsbereich (SFB) FoQuS, project part P04 (Grant No. F4004-N23). The research leading to the theoretical results received funding from the European Research Council (FR7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement No. 341197). D.S.P. thanks the IFRAF Institute for support. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 27 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 062706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.062706 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EG3QT UT WOS:000390960500013 ER PT J AU Jendrzejewski, F Eckel, S Tiecke, TG Juzeliunas, G Campbell, GK Jiang, L Gorshkov, AV AF Jendrzejewski, F. Eckel, S. Tiecke, T. G. Juzeliunas, G. Campbell, G. K. Jiang, Liang Gorshkov, A. V. TI Subwavelength-width optical tunnel junctions for ultracold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POSITION MEASUREMENT; GEOMETRIC POTENTIALS; ADIABATIC PASSAGE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; LOCALIZATION; RESOLUTION; LATTICES; SYSTEMS; FIELDS; LIGHT AB We propose a method for creating far-field optical barrier potentials for ultracold atoms with widths that are narrower than the diffraction limit and can approach tens of nanometers. The reduced widths stem from the nonlinear atomic response to control fields that create spatially varying dark resonances. The subwavelength barrier is the result of the geometric scalar potential experienced by an atom prepared in such a spatially varying dark state. The performance of this technique, as well as its applications to the study of many-body physics and to the implementation of quantum-information protocols with ultracold atoms, are discussed, with a focus on the implementation of tunnel junctions. C1 [Jendrzejewski, F.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Eckel, S.; Campbell, G. K.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tiecke, T. G.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tiecke, T. G.] Facebook Inc, Connect Lab, 1 Hacker Way, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Sauletekio Ave 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jiang, Liang] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Jiang, Liang] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jendrzejewski, F (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. OI Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901 FU NSF PFC at JQI; AFOSR; NSF QIS; ARO; ARO MURI; ARL CDQI; Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-086/2015] FX We thank T. Calarco, M. Lukin, J. Thompson, T. Porto, S. Rolston, W. Phillips, I. Spielman, P. Julienne, E. Tiesinga, and R. Qi for discussions. This work was partially supported by the NSF PFC at JQI, AFOSR, NSF QIS, ARO, ARO MURI, and ARL CDQI. G.J. was supported by the Lithuanian Research Council (Grant No. MIP-086/2015). NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 27 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 063422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063422 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EG3QT UT WOS:000390960500015 ER PT J AU Kolkowitz, S Pikovski, I Langellier, N Lukin, MD Walsworth, RL Ye, J AF Kolkowitz, S. Pikovski, I. Langellier, N. Lukin, M. D. Walsworth, R. L. Ye, J. TI Gravitational wave detection with optical lattice atomic clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; PHASE; LIMIT AB We propose a space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector consisting of two spatially separated, dragfree satellites sharing ultrastable optical laser light over a single baseline. Each satellite contains an optical lattice atomic clock, which serves as a sensitive, narrowband detector of the local frequency of the shared laser light. A synchronized two-clock comparison between the satellites will be sensitive to the effective Doppler shifts induced by incident GWs at a level competitive with other proposed space-based GW detectors, while providing complementary features. The detected signal is a differential frequency shift of the shared laser light due to the relative velocity of the satellites, and the detection window can be tuned through the control sequence applied to the atoms' internal states. This scheme enables the detection of GWs from continuous, spectrally narrow sources, such as compact binary inspirals, with frequencies ranging from similar to 3 mHz-10 Hz without loss of sensitivity, thereby bridging the detection gap between spacebased and terrestrial optical interferometric GW detectors. Our proposed GW detector employs just two satellites, is compatible with integration with an optical interferometric detector, and requires only realistic improvements to existing ground-based clock and laser technologies. C1 [Kolkowitz, S.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kolkowitz, S.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pikovski, I.; Langellier, N.; Lukin, M. D.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pikovski, I.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walsworth, R. L.] Ctr Brain Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kolkowitz, S (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Kolkowitz, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM shimonk@jila.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI Pikovski, Igor/0000-0002-9441-2553 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; JILA Physics Frontier Center; National Science Foundation; Center for Ultracold Atoms; National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Research Council FX We thank Avi Loeb and Dan Maoz for providing the initial inspiration to pursue this work. We also thank Johannes Borregaard, Akihisa Goban, Jason Hogan, Mark Kasevich, Edward Marti, Holger Muller, Matthew Norcia, Dan Stamper-Kurn, and James K. Thompson for helpful discussions and insights. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the JILA Physics Frontier Center, the National Science Foundation, the Center for Ultracold Atoms, the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. I. P. thanks the National Science Foundation for support through a grant to the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. S. K. thanks the National Research Council post-doctoral fellowship program for support. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 27 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 12 AR 124043 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.124043 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA EG4LX UT WOS:000391016900009 ER PT J AU Vieira, FS Cruz, FC Plusquellic, DF Diddams, SA AF Vieira, Francisco S. Cruz, Flavio C. Plusquellic, David F. Diddams, Scott A. TI Tunable resolution terahertz dual frequency comb spectrometer SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; LASERS AB Terahertz dual frequency comb spectroscopy (THz-DFCS) yields high spectral resolution without compromising bandwidth. Nonetheless, the resolution of THz-DFCS is usually limited by the laser repetition rate, which is typically between 80 MHz and 1 GHz. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to achieve sub-repetition rate resolution in THz-DFCS by adaptively modifying the effective laser repetition rate using integrated Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulators (MZ-EOMs). Our results demonstrate that it is possible to improve the 100 MHz resolution of a terahertz frequency comb by at least 20x (down to 5 MHz) across the terahertz spectrum without compromising the average output power, and to a large extent, its bandwidth. Our approach can augment a wide range of existing THz-DFCS systems to provide a significant and easily adaptable resolution improvement. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Vieira, Francisco S.; Cruz, Flavio C.; Plusquellic, David F.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vieira, Francisco S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Cruz, Flavio C.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vieira, FS; Diddams, SA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Vieira, FS (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Diddams, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM scott.diddams@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements; DARPA SCOUT Program; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014/10125-8, 2011/13777-8, 2013/19093-9, 2008/57857-2]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [229211/2013-5, 574017/2008] FX National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements; DARPA SCOUT Program; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); (2014/10125-8, 2011/13777-8, 2013/19093-9, 2008/57857-2); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); (229211/2013-5, 574017/2008); This paper is a contribution of the US government and is not subject to copyright in the US. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 26 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 26 BP 30100 EP 30107 DI 10.1364/OE.24.030100 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA EG1RE UT WOS:000390809100082 PM 28059288 ER PT J AU Truong, GW Waxman, EM Cossel, KC Baumann, E Klose, A Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Newbury, NR Coddington, I AF Truong, Gar-Wing Waxman, Eleanor M. Cossel, Kevin C. Baumann, Esther Klose, Andrew Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William C. Newbury, Nathan R. Coddington, Ian TI Accurate frequency referencing for fieldable dual-comb spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASER; INTERFEROMETRY; RESOLUTION AB We describe a dual-comb spectrometer that can operate independently of laboratory-based rf and optical frequency references but is nevertheless capable of ultra-high spectral resolution, high SNR, and frequency-accurate spectral measurements. The instrument is based on a "bootstrapped" frequency referencing scheme in which short-term optical phase coherence between combs is attained by referencing each to a free-running diode laser, whilst high frequency resolution and long-term accuracy is derived from a stable quartz oscillator. The sensitivity, stability and accuracy of this spectrometer were characterized using a multipass cell. We demonstrate comb-resolved spectra spanning from 140 THz (2.14 mu m, 4670 cm(-1)) to 184 THz (1.63 mu m, 6140 cm(-1)) in the near infrared with a frequency sampling of 200 MHz (0.0067 cm(-1)) and similar to 1 MHz frequency accuracy. High resolution spectra of water and carbon dioxide transitions at 1.77 mu m, 1.96 mu m and 2.06 mu m show that the molecular transmission acquired with this system operating in the field-mode did not deviate from those measured when it was referenced to a maser and cavity-stabilized laser to within 5.6 x 10(-4). When optimized for carbon dioxide quantification at 1.60 mu m, a sensitivity of 2.8 ppm-km at 1 s integration time, improving to 0.10 ppm-km at 13 minutes of integration time was achieved. Work of the U.S. Government and not subject to copyright. C1 [Truong, Gar-Wing; Waxman, Eleanor M.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Baumann, Esther; Klose, Andrew; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Newbury, Nathan R.; Coddington, Ian] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Truong, GW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM garwing.truong@nist.gov FU DARPA DSO SCOUT program; ARPA-E MONITOR program; NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Initiative; NRC Postdoctoral Fellowships FX This work was supported under the DARPA DSO SCOUT program, ARPA-E MONITOR program, and the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Initiative. EMW and KCC are supported by NRC Postdoctoral Fellowships. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 26 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 26 BP 30495 EP 30504 DI 10.1364/OE.24.030495 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA EG1RE UT WOS:000390809100118 PM 28059397 ER PT J AU Koller, SB Goldschmidt, EA Brown, RC Wyllie, R Wilson, RM Porto, JV AF Koller, S. B. Goldschmidt, E. A. Brown, R. C. Wyllie, R. Wilson, R. M. Porto, J. V. TI Nonlinear looped band structure of Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS AB We study experimentally the stability of excited, interacting states of bosons in a double-well optical lattice in regimes where the nonlinear interactions are expected to induce "swallowtail" looped band structure. A dynamic homogeneous Gross-Pitaevskii calculation indicates that the double-well lattice both stabilizes the looped band structure and allows for dynamic preparation of different initial states, including states within the loop structure. The homogeneous calculation predicts that the loop states, unlike the ground states, should be dynamically stable. An inhomogeneous mean-field calculation including the trap potential, however, implies that the decay is dominated by inhomogeneous effects and that there is little variation in the decay rate among the states prepared within the loop structure. By experimentally preparing different initial coherent states and observing their subsequent decay, we observe distinct decay rates in regimes where multivalued looped band structure is expected, although not the stability predicted by the homogeneous calculation. C1 [Koller, S. B.; Brown, R. C.; Wyllie, R.; Porto, J. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koller, S. B.; Brown, R. C.; Wyllie, R.; Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koller, S. B.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Goldschmidt, E. A.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wilson, R. M.] US Navy, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Brown, R. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wyllie, R.] Georgia Tech, Res Inst, Quantum Syst Div, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Brown, RC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Brown, RC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009 OI Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283 FU ARO's Atomtronics MURI; National Science Foundation [PHYS-1516421] FX The authors thank M. Foss-Feig for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by the ARO's Atomtronics MURI. R.M.W. acknowledges partial support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHYS-1516421. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 23 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 063634 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063634 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EG2WK UT WOS:000390904600011 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Li, YD Wo, HL Li, YS Shen, SD Pan, BY Wang, QS Walker, HC Steffens, P Boehm, M Hao, YQ Quintero-Castro, DL Harriger, LW Frontzek, MD Hao, LJ Meng, SQ Zhang, QM Chen, G Zhao, J AF Shen, Yao Li, Yao-Dong Wo, Hongliang Li, Yuesheng Shen, Shoudong Pan, Bingying Wang, Qisi Walker, H. C. Steffens, P. Boehm, M. Hao, Yiqing Quintero-Castro, D. L. Harriger, L. W. Frontzek, M. D. Hao, Lijie Meng, Siqin Zhang, Qingming Chen, Gang Zhao, Jun TI Evidence for a spinon Fermi surface in a triangular-lattice quantum-spin-liquid candidate SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VALENCE-BOND STATE; KAGOME-LATTICE; GROUND-STATE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ANTIFERROMAGNET; EXCITATIONS; TOPOLOGY; PHYSICS AB A quantum spin liquid is an exotic quantum state of matter in which spins are highly entangled and remain disordered down to zero temperature. Such a state of matter is potentially relevant to high-temperature superconductivity and quantum-information applications, and experimental identification of a quantum spin liquid state is of fundamental importance for our understanding of quantum matter. Theoretical studies have proposed various quantum-spin-liquid ground states1-4, most of which are characterized by exotic spin excitations with fractional quantum numbers (termed 'spinons'). Here we report neutron scattering measurements of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet YbMgGaO4 that reveal broad spin excitations covering a wide region of the Brillouin zone. The observed diffusive spin excitation persists at the lowest measured energy and shows a clear upper excitation edge, consistent with the particle-hole excitation of a spinon Fermi surface. Our results therefore point to the existence of a quantum spin liquid state with a spinon Fermi surface in YbMgGaO4, which has a perfect spin-1/2 triangular lattice as in the original proposal(4) of quantum spin liquids. C1 [Shen, Yao; Wo, Hongliang; Shen, Shoudong; Pan, Bingying; Wang, Qisi; Hao, Yiqing; Chen, Gang; Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Shen, Yao; Wo, Hongliang; Shen, Shoudong; Pan, Bingying; Wang, Qisi; Hao, Yiqing; Chen, Gang; Zhao, Jun] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Li, Yao-Dong] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Li, Yuesheng; Zhang, Qingming] Renmin Univ China, Beijing Key Lab Optoelect Funct Mat & Micronano D, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Walker, H. C.] STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Steffens, P.; Boehm, M.] Inst Laue Langevin, 71 Ave Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Quintero-Castro, D. L.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Harriger, L. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frontzek, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hao, Lijie; Meng, Siqin] China Inst Atom Energy, Neutron Scattering Lab, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qingming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qingming; Chen, Gang; Zhao, Jun] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Gang] Fudan Univ, Ctr Field Theory & Particle Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Chen, G; Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.; Chen, G; Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.; Chen, G; Zhao, J (reprint author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Chen, G (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Ctr Field Theory & Particle Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM gchen_physics@fudan.edu.cn; zhaoj@fudan.edu.cn RI Walker, Helen/C-4201-2011; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; OI Walker, Helen/0000-0002-7859-5388; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Li, Yaodong/0000-0003-3742-1944 FU National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China [2016YFA0300203]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Program 973) [2015CB921302]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91421106]; Thousand Youth Talent Program of China; NSF of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2016YFA0300504] FX We thank D. Lee, S. Li, Y. Lu, X. Wang and, especially, J.-W. Mei for discussions, and F. Song for assistance with magnetic susceptibility measurements. This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China (grant number 2016YFA0300203), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Program 973: 2015CB921302), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 91421106). Y.-D.L. and G.C. were supported by the Thousand Youth Talent Program of China. Q.M.Z. was supported by the NSF of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant number 2016YFA0300504). A portion of this research used resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 35 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 22 PY 2016 VL 540 IS 7634 BP 559 EP + DI 10.1038/nature20614 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EG6XV UT WOS:000391190500046 ER PT J AU McGillen, MR Tyndall, GS Orlando, JJ Pimentel, AS Medeiros, DJ Burkholder, JB AF McGillen, Max R. Tyndall, Geoffrey S. Orlando, John J. Pimentel, Andre S. Medeiros, Diogo J. Burkholder, James B. TI Experimentally Determined Site-Specific Reactivity of the Gas-Phase OH and CI plus i-Butanol Reactions Between 251 and 340 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; BRANCHING RATIOS; ALDEHYDES; RADICALS; PRODUCTS; KINETICS; SERIES AB Product branching ratios for the gas-phase reactions of i-butanol, (CH3)(2)CHCH2OH, with OH radicals (251, 294, and 340 K) and Cl atoms (294 K) were quantified in an environmental chamber study and used to interpret i-butanol site-specific reactivity. i-Butyraldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde were observed as major stable end products in both reaction systems with carbon mass balance indistinguishable from unity. Product branching ratios for OH oxidation were found to be temperature dependent with the alpha, beta and gamma channels changing from 34 +/- 6 to 47 1%, from 58 6 to 37 9%, and from 8 1 to 16 4%, respectively, between 251 and 340 K. Recommended temperature-dependent site specific modified Arrhenius expressions for the OH reaction rate coefficient are (cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)): k(a)(T) = 8.64 x 10(-18) X T(1.91)exp(666/T); k(beta)(T) = 5.15 X 10(-19) x T(2.04)exp(1304/T); k(gamma)(T) = 3.20 X 10(-17) X T(1.78)exp(107/T); k(OH)(T) = 2.10 X 10-18 X T(2)exp(-23/T), where k(Total)(T) = k(alpha)(T) + k beta(T) + k(gamma)(T) + k(OH)(T). The expressions were constrained using the product branching ratios measured in this study and previous total phenomenological rate coefficient measurements. The site-specific expressions compare reasonably well with recent theoretical work. It is shown that use of i-butanol would result in acetone as the dominant degradation product under most atmospheric conditions. C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tyndall, Geoffrey S.; Orlando, John J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pimentel, Andre S.; Medeiros, Diogo J.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Quim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [McGillen, Max R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Medeiros, Diogo J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Tyndall, GS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM tyndall@ucar.edu; James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the Univ. Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship from the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 22 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 50 BP 9968 EP 9981 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09266 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EG0PW UT WOS:000390735700009 PM 28002951 ER PT J AU Mazzei, L Wolff, M Pergolesi, D Dura, JA Borjesson, L Gutfreund, P Bettinelli, M Lippert, T Karlsson, M AF Mazzei, Laura Wolff, Max Pergolesi, Daniele Dura, Joseph A. Borjesson, Lars Gutfreund, Philipp Bettinelli, Marco Lippert, Thomas Karlsson, Maths TI Structure and Conductivity of Epitaxial Thin Films of In-Doped BaZrO3-Based Proton Conductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE STRUCTURE; BARIUM ZIRCONATE; DOPANT CONCENTRATION; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; REFINEMENT AB Epitaxial thin films of the proton-conducting perovskite BaZr0.53In0.47O3-delta H0.47-2 delta, grown by pulsed laser deposition, were investigated in their hydrated and dehydrated conditions through a multitechniqu approach with the aim to study the structure and proton concentration depth profile and their relationship to proton conductivity. The techniques used were X-ray diffraction, X-ray and neutron reflectivity, nuclear reaction analysis, and Rutherford backscattering, together with impedance spectroscopy. The obtained proton conductivity and activation energy are comparable to literature values for the bulk conductivity of similar materials, thus showing that grain-boundary conductivity is negligible due to the high crystallinity of the film. The results reveal an uneven proton concentration depth profile, with the presence of a 3-4 nm thick, proton-rich layer with altered composition, likely characterized by cationic deficiency. While this surface layer either retains or reobtains protons after desorption and cooling to room temperature, the bulk of the film absorbs and desorbs protons in the expected mariner. It is suggested that the protons in the near-surface, proton rich region are located in proton sites characterized by relatively strong O-H bonds due to weak hydrogen-bond interactions to neighboring oxygen atoms and that the mobility of protons in these sites is generally lower than in proton sites associated with stronger hydrogen bonds. It follows that strongly hydrogen-bonding configurations are important for high proton mobility. C1 [Mazzei, Laura; Borjesson, Lars; Karlsson, Maths] Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Wolff, Max] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Pergolesi, Daniele; Lippert, Thomas] Paul Scherrer Inst, Energy & Environm Res Div, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gutfreund, Philipp] Inst Laue Langevin, 71 Ave Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Bettinelli, Marco] Univ Verona, Luminescent Mat Lab, I-37134 Verona, Italy. [Lippert, Thomas] ETH, Inorgan Chem Lab, Dept Chem & Appl Biosci, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5-10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Karlsson, M (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM maths.karlsson@chalmers.se RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU Swedish Research Council [2008-6654, 2010-3519]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [ICAIO-0001] FX This research was funded by the Swedish Research Council (grant No. 2008-6654 and No. 2010-3519) and by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (grant No. ICAIO-0001). We also acknowledge the NIST Center for Neutron Research and the Institut Laue-Langevin for access to neutron beam facilities and the Tandem laboratory at Uppsala University for access to the ion beam instruments. The group of Ulrich Haussermann at Stockholm University is thanked for the spark plasma sintering. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 22 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 50 BP 28415 EP 28422 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b08570 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EG0PV UT WOS:000390735600005 ER PT J AU Anisimovas, E Raciunas, M Strater, C Eckardt, A Spielman, IB Juzeliunas, G AF Anisimovas, E. Raciunas, M. Straeter, C. Eckardt, A. Spielman, I. B. Juzeliunas, G. TI Semisynthetic zigzag optical lattice for ultracold bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATRIX PRODUCT STATES; NEUTRAL ATOMS; EDGE STATES; SPIN; GASES; PHYSICS; MATTER AB We propose a cold-atom realization of a zigzag ladder. The two legs of the ladder correspond to a "synthetic" dimension given by two internal (spin) states of the atoms, so that tunneling between them can be realized as a laser-assisted process. The zigzag geometry is achieved by employing a spin-dependent optical lattice with the site position depending on the internal atomic state, i.e., on the ladder's leg. The lattice offers a possibility to tune the single-particle dispersion from a double-well to a single-minimum configuration. In contrast to previously considered semisynthetic lattices with a square geometry, the tunneling in the synthetic dimension is accompanied by spatial displacements of atoms. Therefore, the atom-atom interactions are nonlocal and act along the diagonal (semisynthetic) direction. We investigate the ground-state properties of the system for the case of strongly interacting bosons. In particular, we find that the interplay between the frustration induced by the magnetic field and the interactions gives rise to an interesting gapped phase at fractional filling factors corresponding to one particle per magnetic unit cell. C1 [Anisimovas, E.; Raciunas, M.; Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Sauletekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Straeter, C.; Eckardt, A.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anisimovas, E; Juzeliunas, G (reprint author), Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, Sauletekio 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.; Strater, C; Eckardt, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.; Spielman, IB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egidijus.anisimovas@ff.vu.lt; cstraeter@pks.mpg.de; eckardt@pks.mpg.de; ian.spielman@nist.gov; gediminas.juzeliunas@tfai.vu.lt RI Eckardt, Andre/C-9895-2009 OI Eckardt, Andre/0000-0002-5542-3516 FU Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-086/2015]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [FOR 2414]; ARO's Atomtronics MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the PCF at the JQI; Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes FX We thank Immanuel Bloch, Alessio Celi, Xiaoling Cui, Simon Folling, Sebastian Greschner, Maciej Lewenstein, Michael Lohse, Pietro Massignan, Leonardo Mazza, Shuyan Wu, and Jakub Zakrzewski for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the Lithuanian Research Council (Grant No. MIP-086/2015) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via the Research Unit FOR 2414. I.B.S. was partially supported by the ARO's Atomtronics MURI, by AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PCF at the JQI. C.S. is grateful for support by the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 22 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 063632 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063632 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EF3WO UT WOS:000390255800014 ER PT J AU Zhu, GY Hafezi, M Grover, T AF Zhu, Guanyu Hafezi, Mohammad Grover, Tarun TI Measurement of many-body chaos using a quantum clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; SYSTEMS; SIMULATION; BLOCKADE; LATTICES; CAVITY; ATOMS AB There has been recent progress in understanding chaotic features in many-body quantum systems. Motivated by the scrambling of information in black holes, it has been suggested that the time dependence of out-of-time-ordered (OTO) correlation functions such as < O-2(t)O-1(0)O-2(t)O-1(0)> is a faithful measure of quantum chaos. Experimentally, these correlators are challenging to access since they apparently require access to both forward and backward time evolution with the system Hamiltonian. Here we propose a protocol to measure such OTO correlators using an ancilla that controls the direction of time. Specifically, by coupling the state of the ancilla to the system Hamiltonian of interest, we can emulate the forward and backward time propagation, where the ancilla plays the role of a quantum clock. Within this scheme, the continuous evolution of the entire system (the system of interest and the ancilla) is governed by a time-independent Hamiltonian. We discuss the implementation of our protocol with current circuit-QED technology for a class of interacting Hamiltonians. Our protocol is immune to errors that could occur when the direction of time evolution is externally controlled by a classical switch. C1 [Zhu, Guanyu; Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad; Grover, Tarun] Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grover, Tarun] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zhu, GY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU ONR-YIP; ARO-MURI; AFOSR-MURI; NSF-PFC at the JQI; Sloan Foundation; UCSD; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [852, 4304] FX G.Z. and M.H. were supported by ONR-YIP, ARO-MURI, AFOSR-MURI, NSF-PFC at the JQI, and the Sloan Foundation. T.G. acknowledges startup funds from UCSD and fellowship from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation 852 (Grant No. 4304). NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 22 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 062329 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.062329 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EF3WO UT WOS:000390255800002 ER PT J AU Starr, RM Gleason, MG Marks, CI Kline, D Rienecke, S Denney, C Tagini, A Field, JC AF Starr, Richard M. Gleason, Mary G. Marks, Corina I. Kline, Donna Rienecke, Steve Denney, Christian Tagini, Anne Field, John C. TI Targeting Abundant Fish Stocks while Avoiding Overfished Species: Video and Fishing Surveys to Inform Management after Long-Term Fishery Closures SO PLoS One LA English DT Article ID ROCKFISH SEBASTES SPP.; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; HABITAT; PRODUCTIVITY; ASSESSMENTS; EXTINCTION; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; INDEXES AB Historically, it has been difficult to balance conservation goals and yield objectives when managing multispecies fisheries that include stocks with various vulnerabilities to fishing. As managers try to maximize yield in mixed-stock fisheries, exploitation rates can lead to less productive stocks becoming overfished. In the late 1990s, population declines of several U.S. West Coast groundfish species caused the U.S. Pacific Fishery Management Council to create coast-wide fishery closures, known as Rockfish Conservation Areas, to rebuild overfished species. The fishery closures and other management measures successfully reduced fishing mortality of these species, but constrained fishing opportunities on abundant stocks. Restrictive regulations also caused the unintended consequence of reducing fishery -dependent data available to assess population status of fished species. As stocks rebuild, managers are faced with the challenge of increasing fishing opportunities while minimizing fishing mortality on rebuilding species. We designed a camera system to evaluate fishes in coastal habitats and used experimental gear and fishing techniques paired with video surveys to determine if abundant species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal catches of co-occurring rebuilding species. We fished a total of 58 days and completed 741 sets with vertical hook-and-line fishing gear. We also conducted 299 video surveys in the same locations where fishing occurred. Comparison of fishing and stereo-video surveys indicated that fishermen could fish with modified hook-and-line gear to catch abundant species while limiting bycatch of rebuilding species. As populations of overfished species continue to recover along the U.S. West Coast, it is important to improve data collection, and video and fishing surveys may be key to assessing species that occur in rocky habitats. C1 [Starr, Richard M.] Calif Sea Grant Program, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Starr, Richard M.; Marks, Corina I.; Kline, Donna; Denney, Christian; Tagini, Anne] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Gleason, Mary G.; Rienecke, Steve] Nature Conservancy, Monterey, CA USA. [Field, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fishery Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Starr, RM (reprint author), Calif Sea Grant Program, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.; Starr, RM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM starr@mlml.calstate.edu FU Nature Conservancy; Resources Legacy Fund; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Environmental Defense Fund; California Sea Grant Program; NMFS National Cooperative Research Program; NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant [13-SWR-008] FX Funding for this research was provided by The Nature Conservancy and private donors, Resources Legacy Fund, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Environmental Defense Fund, California Sea Grant Program, the NMFS National Cooperative Research Program, and a NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant #13-SWR-008 to the San Jose State University Research Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0168645 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0168645 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EI9TW UT WOS:000392853100060 PM 28002499 ER PT J AU Gaury, B Haney, PM AF Gaury, Benoit Haney, Paul M. TI Charged grain boundaries reduce the open-circuit voltage of polycrystalline solar cells-An analytical description SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; ELECTRON-BEAM; CDTE; RECOMBINATION; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; DEPLETION; DEVICES AB Analytical expressions are presented for the dark current-voltage relation J(V) of a pn(+) junction with positively charged columnar grain boundaries with high defect density. These expressions apply to non-depleted grains with sufficiently high bulk hole mobilities. The accuracy of the formulas is verified by direct comparison to numerical simulations. Numerical simulations further show that the dark J(V) can be used to determine the open-circuit potential V-oc of an illuminated junction for a given short-circuit current density J(sc). A precise relation between the grain boundary properties and V-oc is provided, advancing the understanding of the influence of grain boundaries on the efficiency of thin film polycrystalline photovoltaics like CdTe and Cu(In, Ga)Se-2. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Gaury, Benoit; Haney, Paul M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gaury, Benoit] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gaury, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Gaury, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX B. G. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 23 AR 234503 DI 10.1063/1.4972028 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EH3PZ UT WOS:000391685500023 ER PT J AU Roller, JF Li, YT Dagenais, M Hamadani, BH AF Roller, John F. Li, Yu-Tai Dagenais, Mario Hamadani, Behrang H. TI Spectral dependence of carrier lifetimes in silicon for photovoltaic applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RECOMBINATION VELOCITY; QUASI-STEADY-STATE; PULSED OPTICAL-EXCITATION; BULK LIFETIME; SOLAR-CELLS; CONTACTLESS MEASUREMENT; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; WAFERS; PHOTOCONDUCTANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Charge carrier lifetimes in photovoltaic-grade silicon wafers were measured by a spectral-dependent, quasi-steady-state photoconductance technique. Narrow bandwidth light emitting diodes were used to excite excess charge carriers within the material, and the effective lifetimes of these carriers were measured as a function of wavelength and intensity. The dependence of the effective lifetime on the excitation wavelength was then analyzed within the context of an analytical model relating effective lifetime to the bulk lifetime and surface recombination velocity of the material. The agreement between the model and the experimental data provides validation for this technique to be used at various stages of the solar cell production line to investigate the quality of the passivation layers and the bulk properties of the material. C1 [Roller, John F.; Hamadani, Behrang H.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Yu-Tai] Ind Technol Res Inst, PV Metrol Lab, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan. [Dagenais, Mario] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Roller, JF (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 23 AR 233108 DI 10.1063/1.4972409 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EH3PZ UT WOS:000391685500008 ER PT J AU Xu, WS Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Xu, Wen-Sheng Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Generalized entropy theory of glass-formation in fully flexible polymer melts SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; COHESIVE ENERGY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MODEL; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY; SYSTEMS; LIQUIDS; MOTION AB The generalized entropy theory (GET) offers many insights into how molecular parameters influence polymer glass-formation. Given the fact that chain rigidity often plays a critical role in understanding the glass-formation of polymer materials, the GET was originally developed based on models of semiflexible chains. Consequently, all previous calculations within the GET considered polymers with some degree of chain rigidity. Motivated by unexpected results from computer simulations of fully flexible polymer melts concerning the dependence of thermodynamic and dynamic properties on the cohesive interaction strength (epsilon), the present paper employs the GET to explore the influence of epsilon on glass-formation in models of polymer melts with a vanishing bending rigidity, i.e., fully flexible polymer melts. In accord with simulations, the GET for fully flexible polymer melts predicts that basic dimensionless thermodynamic properties (such as the reduced thermal expansion coefficient and isothermal compressibility) are universal functions of the temperature scaled by epsilon in the regime of low pressures. Similar scaling behavior is also found for the configurational entropy density in the GET for fully flexible polymer melts. Moreover, we find that the characteristic temperatures of glass-formation increase linearly with epsilon and that the fragility is independent of epsilon in fully flexible polymer melts, predictions that are again consistent with simulations of glass-forming polymer melts composed of fully flexible chains. Beyond an explanation of these general trends observed in simulations, the GET for fully flexible polymer melts predicts the presence of a positive residual configurational entropy at low temperatures, indicating a return to Arrhenius relaxation in the low temperature glassy state. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Xu, Wen-Sheng; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Xu, Wen-Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, WS (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Xu, WS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wsxu0312@gmail.com; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu OI Xu, Wensheng/0000-0002-5442-8569 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1363012] FX This work is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1363012. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 23 AR 234509 DI 10.1063/1.4972412 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EH3RG UT WOS:000391688900034 PM 28010099 ER PT J AU Malamud, BD Turcotte, DL Brooks, HE AF Malamud, Bruce D. Turcotte, Donald L. Brooks, Harold E. TI Spatial-temporal clustering of tornadoes SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION; RANKING; LINES AB The standard measure of the intensity of a tornado is the Enhanced Fujita scale, which is based qualitatively on the damage caused by a tornado. An alternative measure of tornado intensity is the tornado path length, L. Here we examine the spatial-temporal clustering of severe tornadoes, which we define as having path lengths L >= 10 km. Of particular concern are tornado outbreaks, when a large number of severe tornadoes occur in a day in a restricted region. We apply a spatial-temporal clustering analysis developed for earthquakes. We take all pairs of severe tornadoes in observed and modelled outbreaks, and for each pair plot the spatial lag (distance between touchdown points) against the temporal lag (time between touchdown points). We apply our spatial-temporal lag methodology to the intense tornado outbreaks in the central United States on 26 and 27 April 2011, which resulted in over 300 fatalities and produced 109 severe (L >= 10 km) tornadoes. The patterns of spatial-temporal lag correlations that we obtain for the 2 days are strikingly different. On 26 April 2011, there were 45 severe tornadoes and our clustering analysis is dominated by a complex sequence of linear features. We associate the linear patterns with the tornadoes generated in either a single cell thunderstorm or a closely spaced cluster of single cell thunderstorms moving at a near-constant velocity. Our study of a derecho tornado outbreak of six severe tornadoes on 4 April 2011 along with modelled outbreak scenarios confirms this association. On 27 April 2011, there were 64 severe tornadoes and our clustering analysis is predominantly random with virtually no embedded linear patterns. We associate this pattern with a large number of interacting supercell thunderstorms generating tornadoes randomly in space and time. In order to better understand these associations, we also applied our approach to the Great Plains tornado outbreak of 3 May 1999. Careful studies by others have associated individual tornadoes with specified supercell thunderstorms. Our analysis of the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak directly associated linear features in the largely random spatial-temporal analysis with several supercell thunderstorms, which we then confirmed using model scenarios of synthetic tornado outbreaks. We suggest that it may be possible to develop a semi-automated modelling of tornado touchdowns to match the type of observations made on the 3 May 1999 outbreak. C1 [Malamud, Bruce D.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Turcotte, Donald L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Malamud, BD (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM bruce.malamud@kcl.ac.uk NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2823 EP 2834 DI 10.5194/nhess-16-2823-2016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA EG8CU UT WOS:000391284100003 ER PT J AU Park, H LeBrun, TW AF Park, Haesung LeBrun, Thomas W. TI Contact Electrification of Individual Dielectric Microparticles Measured by Optical Tweezers in Air SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE optical trapping; optical levitation; charge measurement; surface study; contact electrification; microparticles; charging profile of individual microparticle ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; IONIC ELECTRETS; CHARGE; PARTICLES; PRESSURE; POLYMERS; AEROSOLS; SURFACES; VELOCITY; SENSORS AB We measure charging of single dielectric micro particles after interaction with a glass substrate using optical tweezers to control the particle, measure its charge with a sensitivity of a few electrons, and precisely contact the particle with the substrate. Polystyrene (PS) microparticles adhered to the substrate can be selected based on size, shape, or optical properties and repeatedly loaded into the optical trap using a piezoelectric (PZT) transducer. Separation from the substrate leads to charge transfer through contact electrification. The charge on the trapped microparticles is measured from the response of the particle motion to a step excitation of a uniform electric field. The particle is then placed onto a target location of the substrate in a controlled manner. Thus, the triboelectric charging profile of the selected PS microparticle can be measured and controlled through repeated cycles of trap loading followed by charge measurement. Reversible optical trap loading and manipulation of the selected particle leads to new capabilities to study and control successive and small changes in surface interactions. C1 [Park, Haesung; LeBrun, Thomas W.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LeBrun, TW (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lebrun@nist.gov OI LeBrun, Thomas/0000-0001-8666-9933 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 50 BP 34904 EP 34913 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b12603 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EG0NG UT WOS:000390728900085 PM 27936542 ER PT J AU Zhou, XQ Wilfong, B Vivanco, H Paglione, J Brown, CM Rodriguez, EE AF Zhou, Xiuquan Wilfong, Brandon Vivanco, Hector Paglione, Johnpierre Brown, Craig M. Rodriguez, Efrain E. TI Metastable Layered Cobalt Chalcogenides from Topochemical Deintercalation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SQUARE-PLANAR COORDINATION; THCR2SI2-TYPE STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; X-RAY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; IRON; CRYSTAL; FESE; WAVE; TRANSITION AB We present a general strategy to synthesize metastable layered materials via topochemical deintercalation of thermodynamically stable phases. Through kinetic control of the deintercalation reaction, we have prepared two hypothesized metastable compounds, CoSe and CoS, with the anti-PbO type structure from the starting compounds KCo2Se2 and KCo2S2, respectively. Thermal stability, crystal structure from X-ray and neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and electrical resistivity are studied for these new layered chalcogenides; both CoSe and CoS are found to be weak itinerant ferromagnets with Curie temperatures close to 10 K. Due to the weak van der Waals forces between the layers, CoSe is found to be a suitable host for further intercalation of guest species such as Li-ethylenediamine. From first-principles calculations, we explain why the Co chalcogenides are ferromagnets instead of superconductors as in their iron analogues. Bonding analysis of the calculated electronic density of states both explains their phase stability and predicts the limits of our deintercalation technique. Our results have broad implications for the rational design of new two-dimensional building blocks for functional materials. C1 [Zhou, Xiuquan; Wilfong, Brandon; Vivanco, Hector; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilfong, Brandon; Paglione, Johnpierre; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM efrain@umd.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU NSF [DMR-1455118]; AFOSR [FA9550-14-10332]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF4419]; Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials; NIST [70NANB12H238, 70NANB15H261] FX Research at the University of Maryland was supported by the NSF Career DMR-1455118, the AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-14-10332, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. GBMF4419. We also acknowledge support from the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. The authors acknowledge the University of Maryland supercomputing resources (http://www.it.umd.edu/hpcc) made available for conducting the research reported in this paper. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work and the NIST awards 70NANB12H238 and 70NANB15H261. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 50 BP 16432 EP 16442 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b10229 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EG0NM UT WOS:000390729500039 PM 27935693 ER PT J AU van Hooidonk, R Maynard, J Tamelander, J Gove, J Ahmadia, G Raymundo, L Williams, G Heron, SF Planes, S AF van Hooidonk, Ruben Maynard, Jeffrey Tamelander, Jerker Gove, Jamison Ahmadia, Gabby Raymundo, Laurie Williams, Gareth Heron, Scott F. Planes, Serge TI Local-scale projections of coral reef futures and implications of the Paris Agreement SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLEACHING PREDICTIONS; THERMAL-STRESS; RESILIENCE; VULNERABILITY; CHALLENGES; MANAGEMENT; SCENARIOS; FISHERIES AB Increasingly frequent severe coral bleaching is among the greatest threats to coral reefs posed by climate change. Global climate models (GCMs) project great spatial variation in the timing of annual severe bleaching (ASB) conditions; a point at which reefs are certain to change and recovery will be limited. However, previous model-resolution projections (-1 x 1 degrees) are too coarse to inform conservation planning. To meet the need for higher-resolution projections, we generated statistically downscaled projections (4-km resolution) for all coral reefs; these projections reveal high local-scale variation in ASB. Timing of ASB varies > 10 years in 71 of the 87 countries and territories with >= 500 km(2) of reef area. Emissions scenario RCP4.5 represents lower emissions mid-century than will eventuate if pledges made following the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference (COP21) become reality. These pledges do little to provide reefs with more time to adapt and acclimate prior to severe bleaching conditions occurring annually. RCP4.5 adds 11 years to the global average ASB timing when compared to RCP8.5; however, > 75% of reefs still experience ASB before 2070 under RCP4.5. Coral reef futures clearly vary greatly among and within countries, indicating the projections warrant consideration in most reef areas during conservation and management planning. C1 [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey] SymbioSeas & Marine Appl Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey; Planes, Serge] CRIOBE, Lab Excellence CORAIL USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Tamelander, Jerker] United Nations Environm Programme, Bangkok, Thailand. [Gove, Jamison] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosyst & Oceanog Program, 1845 Wasp Blvd Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Ahmadia, Gabby] World Wildlife Fund, Oceans, 1250 24th St, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Raymundo, Laurie] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96913 USA. [Williams, Gareth] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Ct,E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia. RP van Hooidonk, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; van Hooidonk, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ruben.van.hooidonk@noaa.gov RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; USGS via the PICSC; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; University of Miami; UNEP; Total Foundation NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service via the PIFSC; World Wildlife Fund; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Coral Reef Conservation Fund; Marie Curie Actions fellowship from the European Research Council; PICCC; NOAA CPO FX Financial and in-kind support for this project was provided by: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, USGS via the PICSC, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, University of Miami, UNEP, the Total Foundation NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service via the PIFSC, World Wildlife Fund, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Coral Reef Conservation Fund, and a Marie Curie Actions fellowship to JM from the European Research Council. This research builds on model-resolution projections for coral reefs supported by the PICCC and NOAA CPO. Figures were developed in collaboration with D. Tracey. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of UNEP, NOAA or the US Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 36 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 21 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 39666 DI 10.1038/srep39666 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF9JI UT WOS:000390646100001 PM 28000782 ER PT J AU Chipperfield, MP Liang, Q Rigby, M Hossaini, R Montzka, SA Dhomse, S Feng, WH Prinn, RG Weiss, RF Harth, CM Salameh, PK Muhle, J O'Doherty, S Young, D Simmonds, PG Krummel, PB Fraser, PJ Steele, LP Happell, JD Rhew, RC Butler, J Yvon-Lewis, SA Hall, B Nance, D Moore, F Miller, BR Elkins, J Harrison, JJ Boone, CD Atlas, EL Mahieu, E AF Chipperfield, Martyn P. Liang, Qing Rigby, Matthew Hossaini, Ryan Montzka, Stephen A. Dhomse, Sandip Feng, Wuhu Prinn, Ronald G. Weiss, Ray F. Harth, Christina M. Salameh, Peter K. Muhle, Jens O'Doherty, Simon Young, Dickon Simmonds, Peter G. Krummel, Paul B. Fraser, Paul J. Steele, L. Paul Happell, James D. Rhew, Robert C. Butler, James Yvon-Lewis, Shari A. Hall, Bradley Nance, David Moore, Fred Miller, Ben R. Elkins, JamesW. Harrison, Jeremy J. Boone, Chris D. Atlas, Elliot L. Mahieu, Emmanuel TI Model sensitivity studies of the decrease in atmospheric carbon tetrachloride SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; SOIL SINK; EMISSIONS; CCL4; GASES; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; FUTURE AB Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an ozone-depleting substance, which is controlled by the Montreal Protocol and for which the atmospheric abundance is decreasing. However, the current observed rate of this decrease is known to be slower than expected based on reported CCl4 emissions and its estimated overall atmospheric lifetime. Here we use a three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model to investigate the impact on its predicted decay of uncertainties in the rates at which CCl4 is removed from the atmosphere by photolysis, by ocean uptake and by degradation in soils. The largest sink is atmospheric photolysis (74% of total), but a reported 10% uncertainty in its combined photolysis cross section and quantum yield has only a modest impact on the modelled rate of CCl4 decay. This is partly due to the limiting effect of the rate of transport of CCl4 from the main tropospheric reservoir to the stratosphere, where photolytic loss occurs. The model suggests large interannual variability in the magnitude of this stratospheric photolysis sink caused by variations in transport. The impact of uncertainty in the minor soil sink (9% of total) is also relatively small. In contrast, the model shows that uncertainty in ocean loss (17% of total) has the largest impact on modelled CCl4 decay due to its sizeable contribution to CCl4 loss and large lifetime uncertainty range (147 to 241 years). With an assumed CCl4 emission rate of 39 Gg year(-1), the reference simulation with the best estimate of loss processes still underestimates the observed CCl4 (overestimates the decay) over the past 2 decades but to a smaller extent than previous studies. Changes to the rate of CCl4 loss processes, in line with known uncertainties, could bring the model into agreement with in situ surface and remote-sensing measurements, as could an increase in emissions to around 47 Gg year(-1). Further progress in constraining the CCl4 budget is partly limited by systematic biases between observational datasets. For example, surface observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) network are larger than from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network but have shown a steeper decreasing trend over the past 2 decades. These differences imply a difference in emissions which is significant relative to uncertainties in the magnitudes of the CCl4 sinks. C1 [Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dhomse, Sandip; Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Liang, Qing] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liang, Qing] Univ Space Res Assoc, GESTAR, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Rigby, Matthew; O'Doherty, Simon; Young, Dickon; Simmonds, Peter G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Hossaini, Ryan] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Montzka, Stephen A.; Butler, James; Hall, Bradley; Nance, David; Moore, Fred; Miller, Ben R.; Elkins, JamesW.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Prinn, Ronald G.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weiss, Ray F.; Harth, Christina M.; Salameh, Peter K.; Muhle, Jens] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krummel, Paul B.; Fraser, Paul J.; Steele, L. Paul] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Happell, James D.] Univ Miami, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rhew, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Harrison, Jeremy J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Harrison, Jeremy J.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Boone, Chris D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, Dept Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mahieu, Emmanuel] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Chipperfield, MP (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.; Chipperfield, MP (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM m.chipperfield@leeds.ac.uk RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the TROPHAL project [NE/J02449X/1]; NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); Canadian Space Agency; F.R.S.-FNRS; Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles; GAW-CH programme of Meteoswiss; NASA (USA); Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK); NOAA (USA); CSIRO (Australia); BoM (Australia); DECC [GA01103]; Royal Society Wolfson Merit award; ASA Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) programme; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) programme; National Science Foundation AGS Program [ATM0849086, AGS0959853] FX This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the TROPHAL project (NE/J02449X/1). The TOMCAT modelling work was supported by the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). The ACE-FTS CCl4 work was supported by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). The ACE mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. The University of Liege involvement has primarily been supported by the F.R.S.-FNRS, the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles and the GAW-CH programme of Meteoswiss. Emmanuel Mahieu is a research associate with F.R.S.-FNRS. We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG, Bern) for supporting the facilities needed to perform the FTIR observations and the many colleagues who contributed to FTIR data acquisition. AGAGE is supported principally by NASA (USA) grants to MIT and SIO, as well as by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) and NOAA (USA) grants to Bristol University and by CSIRO and BoM (Australia). The operation of the station at Mace Head was funded by DECC through contract GA01103. Martyn P. Chipperfield is supported by a Royal Society Wolfson Merit award. Qing Liang is supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) programme. NOAA observations were made possible with technical and sampling assistance from station personnel (D. Mondeel, C. Siso, C. Sweeney, S. Wolter, D. Neff, J. Higgs, M. Crotwell, D. Guenther, P. Lang and G. Dutton) and were supported, in part, through the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) programme. Elliot L. Atlas acknowledges X. Zhu and L. Pope for technical support and the National Science Foundation AGS Program for support under grants ATM0849086 and AGS0959853. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 24 BP 15741 EP 15754 DI 10.5194/acp-16-15741-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1VL UT WOS:000391555600002 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Aikin, RW Alexander, KD Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bowens-Rubin, R Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, E Buza, V Connors, J Crill, BP Duband, L Dyorkin, C Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Grayson, J Halpern, M Harrison, S Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hui, H Irwin, KD Kang, J Karkare, KS Karpel, E Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Kernasoyskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Megerian, KG Namikawa, T Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Steinbach, B Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Tucker, C Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Willmert, J Wong, CL Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Aikin, R. W. Alexander, K. D. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bowens-Rubin, R. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Buza, V. Connors, J. Crill, B. P. Duband, L. Dyorkin, C. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Grayson, J. Halpern, M. Harrison, S. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Kernasoyskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Megerian, K. G. Namikawa, T. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Steinbach, B. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Tucker, C. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Willmert, J. Wong, C. L. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. CA Keck Array Bicep2 Collaborations TI BICEP2/KECK ARRAY VIII: MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING FROM LARGE-SCALE B-MODE POLARIZATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational lensing: weak; polarization ID MICROWAVE; CMB; RECONSTRUCTION; MASS AB We present measurements of polarization lensing using the 150 GHz maps, which include all data taken by the BICEP2 and Keck Array Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). Despite their modest angular resolution (similar to 0 degrees.5), the excellent sensitivity (similar to 3 mu K-arcmin) of these maps makes it possible to directly reconstruct the lensing potential using only information at larger angular scales (l <= 700). From the auto-spectrum of the reconstructed potential, we measure an amplitude of the spectrum to be A(L)(phi phi) = 1.15 +/- 0.36 (Planck CDM prediction corresponds to A(L)(phi phi) = 1) and reject the no-lensing hypothesis at 5.8s, which is the highest significance achieved to date using an EB lensing estimator. Taking the cross-spectrum of the reconstructed potential with the Planck 2015 lensing map yields A(L)(phi phi) = 1.13 +/- 0.20. These direct measurements of A(L)(phi phi) are consistent with the CDM cosmology and with that derived from the previously reported BK14 B-mode auto-spectrum (A(L)(BB) = 1.20 +/- 0.17). We perform a series of null tests and consistency checks to show that these results are robust against systematics and are insensitive to analysis choices. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the B modes previously reported by BICEP / Keck at intermediate angular scales (150 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 350) are dominated by gravitational lensing. The good agreement between the lensing amplitudes obtained from the lensing reconstruction and B-mode spectrum starts to place constraints on any alternative cosmological sources of B modes at these angular scales. C1 [Ade, P. A. R.; Kernasoyskiy, S. A.; Sudiwala, R. V.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Buza, V.; Grayson, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karpel, E.; Kuo, C. L.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.; Keck Array Bicep2 Collaborations] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Kuo, C. L.; Namikawa, T.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aikin, R. W.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alexander, K. D.; Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Connors, J.; Harrison, S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; O'Brient, R.; Orlando, A.; Teply, G. P.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Orlando, A.; Turner, A. D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Dyorkin, C.; Kovac, J. M.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Duband, L.] Commissariat Energie Atom, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Filippini, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hilton, G. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Teply, G. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Netterfield, C. B.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Steinbach, B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Weber, A. C.; Willmert, J.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wu, W. L. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Namikawa, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Namikawa, T (reprint author), Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM namikawa@slac.stanford.edu OI Bischoff, Colin/0000-0001-9185-6514; Alexander, Kate/0000-0002-8297-2473; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-1145172, ANT-1145143, ANT-1145248]; Keck Foundation (Caltech); JPL Research and Technology Development Fund; NASA APRA program [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; NASA SAT program [06-ARPA206-0040, 10-SAT10-0017]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech; Canada Foundation for Innovation grant; FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX The Keck Array project has been made possible through support from the National Science Foundation under Grants ANT-1145172 (Harvard), ANT-1145143 (Minnesota), and ANT-1145248 (Stanford), and from the Keck Foundation (Caltech). The development of antenna-coupled detector technology was supported by the JPL Research and Technology Development Fund and grant Nos. 06-ARPA206-0040 and 10-SAT10-0017 from the NASA APRA and SAT programs. The development and testing of focal planes were supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation at Caltech. Readout electronics were supported by a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant to UBC. The computations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Science Division Research Computing Group at Harvard University. The analysis effort at Stanford and SLAC is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. We thank the staff of the U.S. Antarctic Program and in particular the South Pole Station without whose help this research would not have been possible. Special thanks go to our heroic winter-overs Robert Schwarz and Steffen Richter. We thank all those who have contributed past efforts to the BICEP-Keck Array series of experiments, including the BICEP1 team. T.N. acknowledges support from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 833 IS 2 AR 228 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/228 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EG6PY UT WOS:000391169600103 ER PT J AU Stefansson, G Hearty, F Robertson, P Mahadevan, S Anderson, T Levi, E Bender, C Nelson, M Monson, A Blank, B Halverson, S Henderson, C Ramsey, L Roy, A Schwab, C Terrien, R AF Stefansson, Gudmundur Hearty, Frederick Robertson, Paul Mahadevan, Suvrath Anderson, Tyler Levi, Eric Bender, Chad Nelson, Matthew Monson, Andrew Blank, Basil Halverson, Samuel Henderson, Chuck Ramsey, Lawrence Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Terrien, Ryan TI A VERSATILE TECHNIQUE TO ENABLE SUB-MILLI-KELVIN INSTRUMENT STABILITY FOR PRECISE RADIAL VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS: TESTS WITH THE HABITABLE-ZONE PLANET FINDER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: spectrographs; techniques: radial velocities; techniques: spectroscopic ID STELLAR ACTIVITY AB Insufficient instrument thermomechanical stability is one of the many roadblocks for achieving 10 cm s(-1) Doppler radial velocity precision, the precision needed to detect Earth-twins orbiting solar-type stars. Highly temperature and pressure stabilized spectrographs allow us to better calibrate out instrumental drifts, thereby helping in distinguishing instrumental noise from astrophysical stellar signals. We present the design and performance of the Environmental Control System (ECS) for the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF), a high-resolution (R = 50,000) fiber-fed near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph for the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory. HPF will operate at 180 K, driven by the choice of an H2RG NIR detector array with a 1.7 mu m cutoff. This ECS has demonstrated 0.6 mK rms stability over 15 days at both 180 and 300 K, and maintained high-quality vacuum (< 10 (7) Torr) over months, during long-term stability tests conducted without a planned passive thermal enclosure surrounding the vacuum chamber. This control scheme is versatile and can be applied as a blueprint to stabilize future NIR and optical high-precision Doppler instruments over a wide temperature range from similar to 77 K to elevated room temperatures. A similar ECS is being implemented to stabilize NEID, the NASA/NSF NN-EXPLORE spectrograph for the 3.5 m WIYN telescope at Kitt Peak, operating at 300 K. A [full SolidWorks 3D-CAD model] and a comprehensive parts list of the HPF ECS are included with this manuscript to facilitate the adaptation of this versatile environmental control scheme in the broader astronomical community. C1 [Stefansson, Gudmundur; Hearty, Frederick; Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Anderson, Tyler; Levi, Eric; Bender, Chad; Monson, Andrew; Halverson, Samuel; Ramsey, Lawrence; Roy, Arpita; Terrien, Ryan] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stefansson, Gudmundur; Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Bender, Chad; Halverson, Samuel; Ramsey, Lawrence; Roy, Arpita; Terrien, Ryan] Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stefansson, Gudmundur; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Halverson, Samuel; Roy, Arpita; Terrien, Ryan] Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bender, Chad] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nelson, Matthew] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, 530 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Blank, Basil] PulseRay Inc, Beaver Dams, NY USA. [Halverson, Samuel] Univ Penn, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Henderson, Chuck] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Schwab, Christian] Macquarie Univ, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Terrien, Ryan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stefansson, G (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Stefansson, G (reprint author), Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Stefansson, G (reprint author), Penn State Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gudmundur@psu.edu FU Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds; Pennsylvania State University; Eberly College of Science; Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium; Leifur Eiriksson Foundation Scholarship; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX16AO28H]; NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program; NSF [AST1006676, AST 1126413, AST 1310885]; NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA09DA76A] FX We thank the anonymous referee for a thoughtful reading of the manuscript, and for useful suggestions and comments. This work was supported by funding from the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. GKS acknowledges support from the Leifur Eiriksson Foundation Scholarship. This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program-Grant NNX16AO28H. This work was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. We acknowledge support from NSF grants AST1006676, AST 1126413, AST 1310885, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NNA09DA76A) in our pursuit of precision RVs in the NIR. We want to thank Zachary Prieskorn, Abe Falcone, and David Burrows at the Penn State Astronomy X-ray lab for loaning us their Residual Gas Analyzer to measure the gas constituents inside the HPF cryostat. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 833 IS 2 AR 175 DI 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/175 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EG6PY UT WOS:000391169600050 ER PT J AU Armitage, PJ AF Armitage, Philip J. TI EXor OUTBURSTS FROM DISK AMPLIFICATION OF STELLAR MAGNETIC CYCLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; instabilities; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary disks ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; T-TAURI STARS; ACCRETION DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; EPISODIC ACCRETION; LOCAL SIMULATIONS; DRIVEN ACCRETION; FU ORI; FIELD; TURBULENCE AB EXor outbursts-moderate-amplitude disk accretion events observed in Class I and Class II protostellar sources-have timescales and amplitudes that are consistent with the viscous accumulation and release of gas in the inner disk near the dead zone boundary. We suggest that outbursts are indirectly triggered by stellar dynamo cycles, via poloidal magnetic flux that diffuses radially outward through the disk. Interior to the dead zone the strength of the net field modulates the efficiency of angular momentum transport by the magnetorotational instability. In the dead zone changes in the polarity of the net field may lead to stronger outbursts because of the dominant role of the Hall effect in this region of the disk. At the level of simple estimates we show that changes to kG-strength stellar fields could stimulate disk outbursts on 0.1 au scales, though this optimistic conclusion depends upon the uncertain efficiency of net flux transport through the inner disk. The model predicts a close association between observational tracers of stellar magnetic activity and EXor events. C1 [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Armitage, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM pja@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX13AI58G, NNX16AB42G]; NSF [AST 1313021] FX I thank the referee for an insightful report, and acknowledge support from NASA through grants NNX13AI58G and NNX16AB42G, and from the NSF through grant AST 1313021. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 833 IS 2 AR L15 DI 10.3847/2041-8213/833/2/L15 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA EG5SN UT WOS:000391104700001 ER PT J AU Yoo, HB Park, SR Dong, LH Wang, J Sui, ZW Pavsic, J Milavec, M Akgoz, M Mozioglu, E Corbisier, P Janka, M Cosme, B Cavalcante, JJV Flatshart, RB Burke, D Forbes-Smith, M McLaughlin, J Emslie, K Whale, AS Huggett, JF Parkes, H Kline, MC Harenza, JL Vallone, PM AF Yoo, Hee-Bong Park, Sang-Ryoul Dong, Lianhua Wang, Jing Sui, Zhiwei Pavsic, Jernej Milavec, Mojca Akgoz, Muslum Mozioglu, Erkan Corbisier, Philippe Janka, Matrai Cosme, Bruno Cavalcante, Janaina J. de V. Flatshart, Roberto Becht Burke, Daniel Forbes-Smith, Michael McLaughlin, Jacob Emslie, Kerry Whale, Alexandra S. Huggett, Jim F. Parkes, Helen Kline, Margaret C. Harenza, Jo Lynne Vallone, Peter M. TI International Comparison of Enumeration-Based Quantification of DNA Copy-Concentration Using Flow Cytometric Counting and Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME-PCR; DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACCURATE QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; PLASMID DNA; RT-QPCR; NUMBER; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHORUS AB Enumeration-based determination of DNA copy-concentration was assessed through an international comparison among national metrology institutes (NMIs) and designated institutes (DIs). Enumeration-based quantification does not require a calibration standard thereby providing a route to "absolute quantification", which offers the potential for reliable value assignments of DNA reference materials, and International System of Units (SI) traceability to copy number 1 through accurate counting. In this study, 2 enumeration based methods, flow cytometric (FCM) counting and the digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), were compared to quantify a solution of the pBR322 plasmid at a concentration of several thousand copies per microliter. In addition, 2 orthogonal chemical-analysis methods based on nucleotide quantification, isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were applied to quantify a more concentrated solution of the plasmid. Although 9 dPCR results from 8 laboratories showed some dispersion (relative standard deviation [RSD] = 11.8%), their means were closely aligned with those of the FCM-based counting method and the orthogonal chemical-analysis methods, corrected for gravimetric dilution factors. Using the means of dPCR results, the RSD of all 4 methods was 1.8%, which strongly supported the validity of the recent enumeration approaches. Despite a good overall agreement, the individual dPCR results were not sufficiently covered by the reported measurement uncertainties. These findings suggest that some laboratories may not have considered all factors contributing to the measurement uncertainty of dPCR, and further investigation of this possibility is warranted. C1 [Yoo, Hee-Bong; Park, Sang-Ryoul] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 34113, South Korea. [Yoo, Hee-Bong; Park, Sang-Ryoul] Univ Sci & Technol, Daejeon 34141, South Korea. [Dong, Lianhua; Wang, Jing; Sui, Zhiwei] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Pavsic, Jernej; Milavec, Mojca] Natl Inst Biol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Akgoz, Muslum; Mozioglu, Erkan] TUBITAK UME Natl Metrol Inst, TR-41470 Kocaeli, Turkey. [Corbisier, Philippe; Janka, Matrai] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Cosme, Bruno; Cavalcante, Janaina J. de V.; Flatshart, Roberto Becht] Natl Inst Metrol Qual & Technol, BR-25250020 Xerem, Brazil. [Burke, Daniel; Forbes-Smith, Michael; McLaughlin, Jacob; Emslie, Kerry] Natl Measurement Inst Australia, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Whale, Alexandra S.; Huggett, Jim F.; Parkes, Helen] LGC, Teddington TW11, Middx, England. [Kline, Margaret C.; Harenza, Jo Lynne; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Park, SR (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.; Park, SR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.; Emslie, K (reprint author), Natl Measurement Inst Australia, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. EM srpark@kriss.re.kr; Kerry.Emslie@measurement.gov.au RI McLaughlin, Jacob/M-3692-2014 OI McLaughlin, Jacob/0000-0001-9995-1508 FU KRISS internal research fund FX The cost for the preparation, characterization, and delivery of the test samples of this international comparison was fully covered by the KRISS internal research fund, establishment of measurement standards for quality of life. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 24 BP 12169 EP 12176 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03076 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EF8ZR UT WOS:000390621000029 PM 28193036 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Alin, SR Carter, B Bednarsek, N Hales, B Chan, F Hill, TM Gaylord, B Sanford, E Byrne, RH Sabine, CL Greeley, D Juranek, L AF Feely, Richard A. Alin, Simone R. Carter, Brendan Bednarsek, Nina Hales, Burke Chan, Francis Hill, Tessa M. Gaylord, Brian Sanford, Eric Byrne, Robert H. Sabine, Christopher L. Greeley, Dana Juranek, Lauren TI Chemical and biological impacts of ocean acidification along the west coast of North America SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California current large marine ecosystem; Ocean acidification; Anthropogenic CO2; Upwelling; Pteropod dissolution ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; PACIFIC; CARBON; SEAWATER; MARINE; CO2; WATER; ARAGONITE; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH AB The continental shelf region off the west coast of North America is seasonally exposed to water with a low aragonite saturation state by coastal upwelling of CO2-rich waters. To date, the spatial and temporal distribution of anthropogenic CO2 (Canth) within the CO2-rich waters is largely unknown. Here we adapt the multiple linear regression approach to utilize the GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography data from the northeast Pacific to establish an annually updated relationship between Canth and potential density. This relationship was then used with the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program West Coast Ocean Acidification (WCOA) cruise data sets from 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2013 to determine the spatial variations of Canth in the upwelled water. Our results show large spatial differences in Canth in surface waters along the coast, with the lowest values (37-55 limol kg(-1)) in strong upwelling regions off southern Oregon and northern California and higher values (51-63 limol kg(-1)) to the north and south of this region. Coastal dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations are also elevated due to a natural remineralized component (Cbio), which represents carbon accumulated through net respiration in the seawater that has not yet degassed to the atmosphere. Average surface Canth is almost twice the surface remineralized component. In contrast, Canth is only about one third and one fifth of the remineralized component at 50 m and 100 m depth, respectively. Uptake of Canth has caused the aragonite saturation horizon to shoal by approximately 30-50 m since the preindustrial period so that undersaturated waters are well within the regions of the continental shelf that affect the shell dissolution of living pteropods. Our data show that the most severe biological impacts occur in the nearshore waters, where corrosive waters are closest to the surface. Since the pre-industrial times, pteropod shell dissolution has, on average, increased approximately 19-26% in both nearshore and offshore waters. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feely, Richard A.; Alin, Simone R.; Bednarsek, Nina; Sabine, Christopher L.; Greeley, Dana] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Carter, Brendan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bednarsek, Nina] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hales, Burke; Juranek, Lauren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chan, Francis] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hill, Tessa M.; Gaylord, Brian; Sanford, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Hill, Tessa M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Feely, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [OAPFY2014.03.PMEL.003]; National Science Foundation [OCE 1041240]; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [OAPFY2014.03.PMEL.003]; Educational Foundation of America; Washington Ocean Acidification Center FX The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Grant No. OAPFY2014.03.PMEL.003) and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. OCE 1041240) sponsored this work. We specifically thank Libby Jewett and Dwight Gledhill of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, Kenneth Mooney and Kathy Tedesco of the NOAA Climate Program, and Dave Garrison of the National Science Foundation for their support. Nina Bednarsek was supported by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (Grant No. OAPFY2014.03.PMEL.003), the Educational Foundation of America, and the Washington Ocean Acidification Center. This is PMEL contribution number 4355. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 33 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 183 BP 260 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.08.043 PN A PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA EG0MM UT WOS:000390726900023 ER PT J AU Burd, SC Allcock, DTC Leinonen, T Penttinen, JP Slichter, DH Srinivas, R Wilson, AC Jrdens, R Guina, M Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Burd, S. C. Allcock, D. T. C. Leinonen, T. Penttinen, J. P. Slichter, D. H. Srinivas, R. Wilson, A. C. Jrdens, R. Guina, M. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI VECSEL systems for the generation and manipulation of trapped magnesium ions SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; ATOMIC IONS; HIGH-POWER; NM; CAVITY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Experiments in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics rely on lasers at many different wavelengths and with varying requirements on the spectral linewidth, power, and intensity stability. Vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs), when combined with nonlinear frequency conversion, can potentially replace many of the laser systems currently in use. Here, we present and characterize VECSEL systems that can perform all laser-based tasks for quantum information processing experiments with trapped magnesium ions. For the photoionization of neutral magnesium, 570.6 nm light is generated with an intracavity frequency-doubled VECSEL containing a lithium triborate crystal. External frequency doubling produces 285.3 nm light for a resonant interaction with the S-1(0) <-> P-1(1) transition of neutral Mg. Using an externally frequency-quadrupled VECSEL, we implement Doppler cooling of Mg-25(+) on the 279.6 nm S-2(1/2) <-> P-2(3/2) cycling transition, repumping on the 280.4 nm S-2(1/2) <-> P-2(1/2) transition, coherent state manipulation, and resolved sideband cooling close to the motional ground state. Our systems serve as prototypes for applications in AMO requiring single-frequency, power-scalable laser sources at multiple wavelengths. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Burd, S. C.; Allcock, D. T. C.; Slichter, D. H.; Srinivas, R.; Wilson, A. C.; Jrdens, R.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leinonen, T.; Penttinen, J. P.; Guina, M.] Tampere Univ Technol, Optoelect Res Ctr, POB 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Burd, SC (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shaun.burd@nist.gov OI Allcock, David/0000-0002-7317-5560; Guina, Mircea/0000-0002-9317-8187 FU NIST Quantum Information Program; Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Suomen Akatemia Project QUBIT [278388]; Tekes (Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation) Project ReLase [40064/14] FX NIST Quantum Information Program; Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Suomen Akatemia Project QUBIT (278388); Tekes (Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation) Project ReLase (40064/14). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.001294 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA EG1LM UT WOS:000390793900002 ER PT J AU Lu, XY Rogers, S Gerrits, T Jiang, WC Nam, SW Lin, Q AF Lu, Xiyuan Rogers, Steven Gerrits, Thomas Jiang, Wei C. Nam, Sae Woo Lin, Qiang TI Heralding single photons from a high-Q silicon microdisk SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS PARAMETRIC DOWNCONVERSION; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; RING-RESONATOR; PAIR SOURCE; DOWN-CONVERSION; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; CHIP; CAVITY; LIGHT AB Integrated quantum photonics has recently attracted considerable attention due to the promise of realizing chip-scale quantum information processing with unprecedented capability and complexity. Their implementation relies essentially on a high-quality chip-scale photon source to support diverse quantum functionalities. Microresonator-based photon sources are a promising solution for generating bright, pure, and single-mode photons with excellent power efficiencies. However, their low Klyshko efficiency, typically around a few percentages, is a major bottleneck restricting this type of device from practical quantum applications. In this paper, we improve the Klyshko efficiency of a telecom-band heralded single-photon source from a high-Q silicon microdisk to as high as 48%. We characterize the photon antibunching properties at the same time, with a conditional self-correlation below 0.01 at a detected photon pair flux up to 0.002 counts per 5 ns gate at a repetition rate of 3 MHz. At an optical peak power of 73 mu W, the photon source has a large photon flux of 0.01 counts per gate, a high Klyshko efficiency of 46%, and a strong photon antibunching with a conditional self-correlation smaller than 0.05. In particular, we find a relation between the Klyshko efficiency and high-order correlations for the first time to our knowledge. This relation contributes to the understanding of photon statistics in the heralding process and also provides a method to verify the Klyshko efficiency. The improved heralding efficiency, together with the great photon antibunching property and power efficiency, renders the microresonator-based photon source promising for diverse quantum applications, including linear-optical quantum computing and quantum key distribution. C1 [Lu, Xiyuan; Rogers, Steven] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jiang, Wei C.; Lin, Qiang] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Lin, Qiang] Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Lin, Q (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.; Lin, Q (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM qiang.lin@rochester.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS) [1408517]; Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities (EFMA) [1641099] FX National Science Foundation (NSF); Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS) (1408517); Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities (EFMA) (1641099). NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1331 EP 1338 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.001331 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA EG1LM UT WOS:000390793900008 ER PT J AU Moody, G McDonald, C Feldman, A Harvey, T Mirin, RP Silverman, KL AF Moody, Galan McDonald, Corey Feldman, Ari Harvey, Todd Mirin, Richard P. Silverman, Kevin L. TI Quadrature demodulation of a quantum dot optical response to faint light fields SO OPTICA LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; AMPLIFIERS AB The amplitude and phase of a material's nonlinear optical response provide insight into the underlying electronic dynamics that determine its optical properties. Phase-sensitive nonlinear spectroscopy techniques are widely implemented to explore these dynamics through demodulation of the complex optical signal field into its quadrature components; however, complete reconstruction of the optical response requires measuring both the amplitude and phase of each quadrature, which is often lost in standard detection methods. Here, we implement a heterodyne-detection scheme to fully reconstruct the amplitude and phase response of spectral hole-burning from InAs/GaAs charged quantum dots. We observe an ultra-narrow absorption profile and a corresponding dispersive lineshape of the phase, which reflect the nanosecond optical coherence time of the charged exciton transition. Simultaneously, the measurements are sensitive to electron spin relaxation dynamics on a millisecond time scale, as this manifests as a magnetic-fielddependent delay of the amplitude and phase modulation. Appreciable amplitude modulation depth and nonlinear phase shift up to similar to 0.09 x pi rad (16 degrees) are demonstrated, providing new possibilities for quadrature modulation at faint photon levels with several independent control parameters, including photon number, modulation frequency, detuning, and externally applied fields. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Moody, Galan; McDonald, Corey; Feldman, Ari; Harvey, Todd; Mirin, Richard P.; Silverman, Kevin L.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Silverman, KL (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.silverman@nist.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2334-2536 J9 OPTICA JI Optica PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.001397 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA EG1LM UT WOS:000390793900018 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Xue, XW Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Lu, N Wan, ZM Hong, Z Wooten, R AF Zhang, Ke Xue, Xianwu Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Lu, Ning Wan, Zhanming Hong, Zhen Wooten, Rick TI iCRESTRIGRS: a coupled modeling system for cascading flood-landslide disaster forecasting SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; UNGAUGED BASINS; UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; SOIL DEPTH; PREDICTION; EVENTS; USA; PRECIPITATION; INFILTRATION AB Severe storm-triggered floods and landslides are two major natural hazards in the US, causing property losses of USD 6 billion and approximately 110-160 fatalities per year nationwide. Moreover, floods and landslides often occur in a cascading manner, posing significant risk and leading to losses that are significantly greater than the sum of the losses from the hazards when acting separately. It is pertinent to couple hydrological and geotechnical modeling processes to an integrated flood-landslide cascading disaster modeling system for improved disaster preparedness and hazard management. In this study, we developed the iCRESTRIGRS model, a coupled flash flood and landslide initiation modeling system, by integrating the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST) model with the physically based Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) landslide model. The iCRESTRIGRS system is evaluated in four river basins in western North Carolina that experienced a large number of floods, landslides and debris flows triggered by heavy rainfall from Hurricane Ivan during 16-18 September 2004. The modeled hourly hydrographs at four USGS gauge stations show generally good agreement with the observations during the entire storm period. In terms of landslide prediction in this case study, the coupled model has a global accuracy of 98.9% and a true positive rate of 56.4%. More importantly, it shows an improved predictive capability for landslides relative to the stand-alone TRIGRS model. This study highlights the important physical connection between rainfall, hydrological processes and slope stability, and provides a useful prototype model system for operational forecasting of flood and landslide. C1 [Zhang, Ke] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mescoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke; Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Yang; Wan, Zhanming; Hong, Zhen] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke; Xue, Xianwu; Hong, Yang; Wan, Zhanming; Hong, Zhen] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Ke] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjiang 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lu, Ning] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wooten, Rick] North Carolina Geol Survey, North Carolina Dept Environm Qual, Swannanoa, NC 28778 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mescoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Zhang, K; Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Zhang, K; Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Zhang, K (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjiang 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Hong, Y (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA14OAR4830100]; NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-ESI]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2015B28514]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [71461010701] FX This research was funded by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement no. NA14OAR4830100, the NASA Surface and Interior program (NNH10ZDA001N-ESI), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015B28514) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71461010701). NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 20 IS 12 BP 5035 EP 5048 DI 10.5194/hess-20-5035-2016 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA EF6IW UT WOS:000390435600001 ER PT J AU Paddison, JAM Ong, HS Hamp, JO Mukherjee, P Bai, XJ Tucker, MG Butch, NP Castelnovo, C Mourigal, M Dutton, SE AF Paddison, Joseph A. M. Ong, Harapan S. Hamp, James O. Mukherjee, Paromita Bai, Xiaojian Tucker, Matthew G. Butch, Nicholas P. Castelnovo, Claudio Mourigal, Martin Dutton, S. E. TI Emergent order in the kagome Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14 SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EARTH TITANATE PYROCHLORES; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; DIPOLAR SPIN ICE; MONTE-CARLO; FRUSTRATED MAGNETS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FRAGMENTATION; SIMULATION; SCATTERING AB The Ising model-in which degrees of freedom (spins) are binary valued (up/down)-is a cornerstone of statistical physics that shows rich behaviour when spins occupy a highly frustrated lattice such as kagome. Here we show that the layered Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14 hosts an emergent order predicted theoretically for individual kagome layers of in-plane Ising spins. Neutron-scattering and bulk thermomagnetic measurements reveal a phase transition at similar to 0.3 K from a disordered spin-ice-like regime to an emergent charge ordered state, in which emergent magnetic charge degrees of freedom exhibit three-dimensional order while spins remain partially disordered. Monte Carlo simulations show that an interplay of inter-layer interactions, spin canting and chemical disorder stabilizes this state. Our results establish Dy3Mg2Sb3O14 as a tuneable system to study interacting emergent charges arising from kagome Ising frustration. C1 [Paddison, Joseph A. M.; Ong, Harapan S.; Hamp, James O.; Mukherjee, Paromita; Castelnovo, Claudio; Dutton, S. E.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Paddison, Joseph A. M.; Bai, Xiaojian; Mourigal, Martin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tucker, Matthew G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Tucker, Matthew G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paddison, JAM; Dutton, SE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.; Paddison, JAM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM paddison@gatech.edu; sed33@cam.ac.uk OI Mourigal, Martin/0000-0003-2772-8440 FU Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability; College of Sciences; Ministry of Education, Singapore; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); EPSRC [EP/G049394/1]; EPSRC NetworkPlus on 'Emergence and Physics far from Equilibrium'; Churchill College, Cambridge FX Work at Cambridge was supported through the Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability. The work of J.A.M.P., X.B. and M.M. and facilities at Georgia Tech were supported by the College of Sciences through M.M. start-up funds. J.A.M.P. gratefully acknowledges Churchill College, Cambridge for the provision of a Junior Research Fellowship. H.S.O. acknowledges a Teaching Scholarship (Overseas) from the Ministry of Education, Singapore. J.O.H. is grateful to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding. C.C. was supported by EPSRC Grant No. EP/G049394/1, and the EPSRC NetworkPlus on 'Emergence and Physics far from Equilibrium'. Experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beamtime allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Darwin Supercomputer of the University of Cambridge High Performance Computing Service (http://www.hpc.cam.ac.uk/) and the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service (http://www.archer.ac.uk/, for which access was provided by an ARCHER Instant Access scheme). We thank G.-W. Chern, J. Goff, A. L. Goodwin, G. Lonzarich, G. Moller, D. Prabhakaran, J. R. Stewart and A. Zangwill for valuable discussions, and M. Kwasigroch for preliminary theoretical work. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD DEC 20 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13842 DI 10.1038/ncomms13842 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE9VF UT WOS:000389973600001 PM 27996012 ER PT J AU Fletcher, R Ritchie, N Bright, D Filliben, J Guthrie, W AF Fletcher, Robert Ritchie, Nicholas Bright, David Filliben, James Guthrie, William TI Certification of New Standard Reference Material 2806b Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Fluid SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration material; diameter; image analysis; liquid optical particle counter; particle; reference; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); SRM; standard AB A new material has been certified to become Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2806b - Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Fluid. SRM 2806b consists of trace polydisperse, irregularly shaped mineral dust particles suspended in hydraulic fluid. The certified values of SRM 2806b are the projected area circular-equivalent diameters of the collected dust particles from the hydraulic fluid. The dimensional measurements were determined from the area of the collected dust particles using images obtained from automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by image analysis. An automated SEM and an automated image analysis software allowed the processing of over 29 million particles. The dimensional calibration of the SEM images (actual length per pixel and thus the actual projected diameters) are traceable to the NIST Line Scale Interferometer (LSI) through a NIST calibrated Geller MRS-4XY pitch standard. The certified diameters are correlated with the numeric concentration of particles greater than each diameter, referred to as the cumulative number size distribution. SRM 2806b is intended to be used to calibrate liquid-borne optical particle counters in conjunction with the reference method ISO 11171:2010. C1 [Fletcher, Robert; Ritchie, Nicholas; Bright, David; Filliben, James; Guthrie, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fletcher, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.fletcher@nist.gov; nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov; david.bright@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.gov; william.guthrie@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 19 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 476 EP 497 DI 10.6028/jres.121.025 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF9OB UT WOS:000390658400001 ER PT J AU Song, Y Yamani, Z Cao, CD Li, Y Zhang, CL Chen, JS Huang, QZ Wu, H Tao, J Zhu, YM Tian, W Chi, SX Cao, HB Huang, YB Dantz, M Schmitt, T Yu, R Nevidomskyy, AH Morosan, E Si, QM Dai, PC AF Song, Yu Yamani, Zahra Cao, Chongde Li, Yu Zhang, Chenglin Chen, Justin S. Huang, Qingzhen Wu, Hui Tao, Jing Zhu, Yimei Tian, Wei Chi, Songxue Cao, Huibo Huang, Yao-Bo Dantz, Marcus Schmitt, Thorsten Yu, Rong Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Morosan, Emilia Si, Qimiao Dai, Pengcheng TI A Mott insulator continuously connected to iron pnictide superconductors SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC INSULATOR; CHALCOGENIDES; ORDER AB Iron-based superconductivity develops near an antiferromagnetic order and out of a bad-metal normal state, which has been interpreted as originating from a proximate Mott transition. Whether an actual Mott insulator can be realized in the phase diagram of the iron pnictides remains an open question. Here we use transport, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and neutron scattering to demonstrate that NaFe1-xCuxAs near x approximate to 0.5 exhibits real space Fe and Cu ordering, and are antiferromagnetic insulators with the insulating behaviour persisting above the Ne ' el temperature, indicative of a Mott insulator. On decreasing x from 0.5, the antiferromagnetic- ordered moment continuously decreases, yielding to superconductivity similar to x = 0.05. Our discovery of a Mott-insulating state in NaFe1-xCuxAs thus makes it the only known Fe-based material, in which superconductivity can be smoothly connected to the Mott-insulating state, highlighting the important role of electron correlations in the high-T-c superconductivity. C1 [Song, Yu; Cao, Chongde; Li, Yu; Zhang, Chenglin; Chen, Justin S.; Nevidomskyy, Andriy H.; Morosan, Emilia; Si, Qimiao; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Yamani, Zahra] Chalk River Labs, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Cao, Chongde] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Xian 710072, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen; Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tao, Jing; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tian, Wei; Chi, Songxue; Cao, Huibo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Yao-Bo; Dantz, Marcus; Schmitt, Thorsten] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Huang, Yao-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Huang, Yao-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Renmin Univ China, Beijing Key Lab Optoelect Funct Mat & Micronano D, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Yu, Rong] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Si, QM; Dai, PC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM qmsi@rice.edu; pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Schmitt, Thorsten/A-7025-2010 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU U.S. DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1839, C-1818, C-1411]; U.S. NSF [DMR-1350237, DMR-1611392]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; DOD PECASE; U.S. DOE, BES; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of BES, U.S. DOE; Swiss National Science Foundation within the D-A-CH programme (SNSF Research) [200021L 141325]; National Science Foundation of China [11374361]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Research Funds of Remnin University of China [14XNLF08]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51471135]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFB1100101]; Shaanxi International Cooperation Program FX We thank X.H. Chen, B.J. Campbell and Lijun Wu for helpful discussions, Leland Harriger, Scott Carr, Weiyi Wang and Binod K. Rai for assisting with some experiments. The singlecrystal growth and neutron scattering work at Rice is supported by the U.S. DOE, BES under contract no. DE-SC0012311 (P.D.). A part of the material synthesis work at Rice is supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant No. C-1839 (P.D.). The theoretical work at Rice was in part supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant No. C-1818 (A.H.N.), C-1411 (Q.S), by U.S. NSF grants DMR-1350237 (A.H.N.) and DMR-1611392 (Q.S.), and by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Q.S.). E.M. and J.C. acknowledge support from the DOD PECASE. The electron microscopy study at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The use of ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of BES, U.S. DOE. XAS and RIXS experiments have been performed at the Advanced Resonant Spectroscopy beamline of the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institute. T.S and M.D. acknowledge funding through the Swiss National Science Foundation within the D-A-CH programme (SNSF Research Grant 200021L 141325). R.Y. acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation of China Grant number 11374361, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Remnin University of China Grant number 14XNLF08. C.C. acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 51471135, the National Key Research and Development Program of China Grant No. 2016YFB1100101 and Shaanxi International Cooperation Program. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD DEC 19 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13879 DI 10.1038/ncomms13879 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE8NG UT WOS:000389882100001 PM 27991514 ER PT J AU Guo, HX Wang, CX Miyazawa, K Wang, HX Masuda, H Fujita, D AF Guo, Hongxuan Wang, Chengxiang Miyazawa, Kun'ichi Wang, Hongxin Masuda, Hideki Fujita, Daisuke TI Thermal decomposition of fullerene nanowhiskers protected by amorphous carbon mask SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-INDUCED-DEPOSITION; C-60; FABRICATION; LITHOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPE; FILMS AB Fullerene nanostructures are well known for their unique morphology, physical and mechanical properties. The thermal stability of fullerene nanostructures, such as their sublimation at high temperature is also very important for studying their structures and applications. In this work, We observed fullerene nanowhiskers (FNWs) in situ with scanning helium ion microscopy (HIM) at elevated temperatures. The FNWs exhibited different stabilities with different thermal histories during the observation. The pristine FNWs were decomposed at the temperatures higher than 300 degrees C in a vacuum environment. Other FNWs were protected from decomposition with an amorphous carbon (aC) film deposited on the surface. Based on high spacial resolution, aC film with periodic structure was deposited by helium ion beam induced deposition (IBID) on the surface of FNWs. Annealed at the high temperature, the fullerene molecules were selectively sublimated from the FNWs. The periodic structure was formed on the surface of FNWs and observed by HIM. Monte Carlo simulation and Raman characterization proved that the morphology of the FNWs was changed by helium IBID at high temperature. This work provides a new method of fabricating artificial structure on the surface of FNWs with periodic aC film as a mask. C1 [Guo, Hongxuan] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Global Res Ctr Environm & Energy Based Nanomat Sc, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Guo, Hongxuan] NIST, CNST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Chengxiang] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jingshi Rd 17923, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Miyazawa, Kun'ichi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Fullerene Engn Grp, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Wang, Hongxin; Masuda, Hideki; Fujita, Daisuke] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Surface Characterizat Grp, Adv Key Technol Div, Nano Characterizat Unit, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Fujita, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Surface Characterizat Grp, Adv Key Technol Div, Nano Characterizat Unit, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM Fujita.Daisuke@nims.go.jp RI MIYAZAWA, Kunichi/H-2778-2011 FU MEXT Program for Development of Environmental Technology using Nanotechnology FX We would like to thank Mr. M. Komatsu of the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) for fabricating the in situ heating sample holder. We appreciate Ms. S. Nagano for the supports of HIM characterization. This work is in part supported by MEXT Program for Development of Environmental Technology using Nanotechnology. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 19 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38760 DI 10.1038/srep38760 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE8OP UT WOS:000389885700001 PM 27991498 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Grigoleit, JS Hong, J Bae, SJ Vaughan, J Lee, S AF Allen, Camryn D. Grigoleit, Jan-Sebastian Hong, Joonho Bae, Sejin Vaughan, Joan Lee, Soon TI EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL DURING ADOLESCENCE EXERTS LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON STRESS RESPONSE AND THE ADULT BRAIN STRESS CIRCUITS SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alcohol; corticosterone; Crf; Avp; PNMT ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; RAT; ETHANOL; RESPONSIVENESS; IMMUNE; CRF AB The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis undergoes critical developments during adolescence. Therefore, stressors experienced during this period potentially have long-term effects on adult HPA axis function. We hypothesized that adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure would affect adult HPA axis function, resulting in altered responses to an alcohol challenge in young adults or adults. To test these hypotheses, male rats were exposed to alcohol vapor for 6 h per day from post-natal day (PND) 28-42, then acutely challenged with alcohol intragastrically (3.2-4.5 g/kg) in young adults (PND 70) or adults (PND 90). Overall, we observed blunted HPA axis responses to an alcohol challenge due to AIE exposure. Specifically, AIE tended to inhibit the alcohol challenge-induced increase in plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in young adult and adult rats. As well, AIE significantly blunted the alcohol challenge-induced arginine vasopressin (Avp) mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of adult rats. Results of the present study are similar to what we have previously shown, that these changes in PVN responsiveness may result from AIE-induced alterations in adrenergic neurons in brain stem regions C1-C3 known to project to the PVN. AIE elevated the number of colocalized c-fos/phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-positive cell bodies in the C1 region of adult rats. Together, these data suggest that AIE exposure produces alterations in male HPA axis responsiveness to administration of an acute alcohol challenge that may be long-lasting. (C) 2016 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, Camryn D.; Hong, Joonho; Bae, Sejin; Vaughan, Joan; Lee, Soon] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Clayton Fdn Labs Peptide Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Grigoleit, Jan-Sebastian] Salk Inst Biol Studies, Neuronal Struct & Funct Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Allen, Camryn D.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies PBL, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM slee@salk.edu FU National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [U01-AA019973-NADIA] FX The authors would like to thank Sarah Im, Thomas Cho, Edward Vuong, Dylan Pham, and Debbie Doan for technical assistance. The project described was supported by U01-AA019973-NADIA Project from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 EI 1873-7544 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PD DEC 17 PY 2016 VL 339 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.031 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA ED9CT UT WOS:000389168500007 PM 27687801 ER PT J AU Hossaini, R Chipperfield, MP Saiz-Lopez, A Fernandez, R Monks, S Feng, WH Brauer, P von Glasow, R AF Hossaini, Ryan Chipperfield, Martyn P. Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso Fernandez, Rafael Monks, Sarah Feng, Wuhu Brauer, Peter von Glasow, Roland TI A global model of tropospheric chlorine chemistry: Organic versus inorganic sources and impact on methane oxidation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATOM INITIATED OXIDATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANNULAR DENUDER SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS INVENTORY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA AB Chlorine atoms (Cl) are highly reactive toward hydrocarbons in the Earth's troposphere, including the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, the regional and global CH4 sink from Cl is poorly quantified as tropospheric Cl concentrations ([Cl]) are uncertain by similar to 2 orders of magnitude. Here we describe the addition of a detailed tropospheric chlorine scheme to the TOMCAT chemical transport model. The model includes several sources of tropospheric inorganic chlorine (Cly), including (i) the oxidation of chlorocarbons of natural (CH3Cl, CHBr2Cl, CH2BrCl, and CHBrCl2) and anthropogenic ( CH2Cl2, CHCl3, C2Cl4, C2HCl3, and CH2ClCH2Cl) origin and ( ii) sea-salt aerosol dechlorination. Simulations were performed to quantify tropospheric [Cl], with a focus on the marine boundary layer, and quantify the global significance of Cl atom CH4 oxidation. In agreement with observations, simulated surface levels of hydrogen chloride (HCl), the most abundant Cl-y reservoir, reach several parts per billion (ppb) over polluted coastal/continental regions, with sub-ppb levels typical in more remote regions. Modeled annual mean surface [Cl] exhibits large spatial variability with the largest levels, typically in the range of 1-5x10(4) atoms cm(-3), in the polluted northern hemisphere. Chlorocarbon oxidation provides a tropospheric Cly source of up to similar to 4320 Gg Cl/yr, sustaining a background surface [Cl] of < 0.1 to 0.5 x 10(3) atoms cm(-3) over large areas. Globally, we estimate a tropospheric methane sink of similar to 12-13 Tg CH4/yr due the CH4 + Cl reaction (similar to 2.5% of total CH4 oxidation). Larger regional effects are predicted, with Cl accounting for similar to 10 to > 20% of total boundary layer CH4 oxidation in some locations. C1 [Hossaini, Ryan] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Fernandez, Rafael] CSIC, Inst Phys Chem Rocasolano, Dept Atmospher Chem & Climate, Madrid, Spain. [Fernandez, Rafael] UTN FRM, CONICET, FCEN UNCuyo, Natl Res Council, Mendoza, Argentina. [Monks, Sarah] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Monks, Sarah] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brauer, Peter; von Glasow, Roland] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Brauer, Peter] Univ York, Dept Chem, Wolfson Atmospher Chem Labs, York, N Yorkshire, England. RP Hossaini, R (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. EM r.hossaini@lancaster.ac.uk RI Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; OI Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Brauer, Peter/0000-0002-3815-7631; Fernandez, Rafael Pedro/0000-0002-4114-5500; MONKS, SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Hossaini, Ryan/0000-0003-2395-6657 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/J02449X/1]; NERC IRF [NE/N014375/1]; NERC; Royal Society FX This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the TropHAL project (NE/J02449X/1) and a NERC IRF (NE/N014375/1). R.H. thanks NERC for a research fellowship. M.P.C. thanks the Royal Society for a Wolfson Research Merit Award. The modeling work was performed using the Archer and Leeds ARC2 high-performance computing facilities. The HIPPO data [Wofsy et al., 2016] used in this paper are publically available at http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/hippo. Model output is available from Ryan Hossaini. NR 161 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 121 IS 23 BP 14271 EP 14297 DI 10.1002/2016JD025756 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL3LJ UT WOS:000394520300029 ER PT J AU Beron-Vera, FJ Olascoaga, MJ Lumpkin, R AF Beron-Vera, F. J. Olascoaga, M. J. Lumpkin, R. TI Inertia-induced accumulation of flotsam in the subtropical gyres SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE inertia; drogue; flotsam; garbage; patch; drifter ID VORTICES; DYNAMICS; DEBRIS; OCEAN AB Recent surveys of marine plastic debris density have revealed high levels in the center of the subtropical gyres. Earlier studies have argued that the formation of great garbage patches is due to Ekman convergence in such regions. In this work we report a tendency so far overlooked of drogued and undrogued drifters to accumulate distinctly over the subtropical gyres, with undrogued drifters accumulating in the same areas where plastic debris accumulate. We show that the observed accumulation is too fast for Ekman convergence to explain it. We demonstrate that the accumulation is controlled by finite-size and buoyancy (i.e., inertial) effects on undrogued drifter motion subjected to ocean current and wind drags. We infer that the motion of flotsam in general is constrained by similar effects. This is done by using a newly proposed Maxey-Riley equation which models the submerged (surfaced) drifter portion as a sphere of the fractional volume that is submerged (surfaced). C1 [Beron-Vera, F. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Olascoaga, M. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lumpkin, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Beron-Vera, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fberon@rsmas.miami.edu OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU U.S. Navy; Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office; CIMAS; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative; NOAA/AOML FX We thank the comments by an anonymous reviewer, which have helped us to clarify the derivation of the inertial equation. The drifter data were collected by the NOAA Global Drifter Program (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac). The 1/12 degrees Global HYCOM+NCODA Ocean Reanalysis was funded by the U.S. Navy and the Modeling and Simulation Coordination Office. Computer time was made available by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The output and forcing are publicly available at http://hycom.org. Our work was supported by CIMAS and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (F.J.B.-V. and M.J.O.), and NOAA/AOML (R.L.). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 23 BP 12228 EP 12233 DI 10.1002/2016GL071443 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EI5DU UT WOS:000392515000022 ER PT J AU Tupitsyn, II Kozlov, MG Safronova, MS Shabaev, VM Dzuba, VA AF Tupitsyn, I. I. Kozlov, M. G. Safronova, M. S. Shabaev, V. M. Dzuba, V. A. TI Quantum Electrodynamical Shifts in Multivalent Heavy Ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BODY PERTURBATION-THEORY; STRONG COULOMB FIELD; LI-LIKE IONS; SELF-ENERGY; LAMB-SHIFT; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; VACUUM-POLARIZATION; ATOMS; POTENTIALS AB The quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections are directly incorporated into the most accurate treatment of the correlation corrections for ions with complex electronic structure of interest to metrology and tests of fundamental physics. We compared the performance of four different QED potentials for various systems to access the accuracy of QED calculations and to make a prediction of highly charged ion properties urgently needed for planning future experiments. We find that all four potentials give consistent and reliable results for ions of interest. For the strongly bound electrons, the nonlocal potentials are more accurate than the local potential. C1 [Tupitsyn, I. I.; Shabaev, V. M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Ulianovskaya 1, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Tupitsyn, I. I.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotech Univ LETI, Prof Popov St 5, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA. [Dzuba, V. A.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Tupitsyn, II (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Ulianovskaya 1, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.; Tupitsyn, II (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. RI Shabaev, Vladimir/J-7400-2013 OI Shabaev, Vladimir/0000-0002-2769-6891 FU U.S. NSF [PHY-1520993, PHY-1620687]; SBbSU [11.38.269.2014, 11.38.237.2015, 11.38.261.2014]; Australian Research Council; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-02-00241, 15-03-07644, 16-02-00334] FX This work is partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grants No. 14-02-00241, No. 15-03-07644, and No. 16-02-00334, by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-1520993, No. PHY-1620687, SBbSU Grants No. 11.38.269.2014, No. 11.38.237.2015, and No. 11.38.261.2014, No. 11.38.237.2015, and No. 11.38.261.2014, and by the Australian Research Council. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 25 AR 253001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.253001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EF3MN UT WOS:000390228600004 PM 28036218 ER PT J AU Wilcock, WSD Tolstoy, M Waldhauser, F Garcia, C Tan, YJ Bohnenstiehl, DR Caplan-Auerbach, J Dziak, RP Arnulf, AF Mann, ME AF Wilcock, William S. D. Tolstoy, Maya Waldhauser, Felix Garcia, Charles Tan, Yen Joe Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline Dziak, Robert P. Arnulf, Adrien F. Mann, M. Everett TI Seismic constraints on caldera dynamics from the 2015 Axial Seamount eruption SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; FLOOR SPREADING EVENT; EARTHQUAKE LOCATIONS; VOLCANO; FAULT; CALIFORNIA AB Seismic observations in volcanically active calderas are challenging. A new cabled observatory atop Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca ridge allows unprecedented real-time monitoring of a submarine caldera. Beginning on 24 April 2015, the seismic network captured an eruption that culminated in explosive acoustic signals where lava erupted on the seafloor. Extensive seismic activity preceding the eruption shows that inflation is accommodated by the reactivation of an outward-dipping caldera ring fault, with strong tidal triggering indicating a critically stressed system. The ring fault accommodated deflation during the eruption and provided a pathway for a dike that propagated south and north beneath the caldera's east wall. Once north of the caldera, the eruption stepped westward, and a dike propagated along the extensional north rift. C1 [Wilcock, William S. D.; Garcia, Charles] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tolstoy, Maya; Waldhauser, Felix; Tan, Yen Joe] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.; Mann, M. Everett] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Arnulf, Adrien F.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Wilcock, WSD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wilcock@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-1536219, OCE-1536320, OCE-1635276, OCE-1357076, DGE-1256082] FX The seismic data used for this study are archived at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management System and the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Data Portal. The earthquake catalogs are archived in the Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance Marine Geoscience Data System (DOI: 10.1594/IEDA/323843). This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under awards OCE-1536219, OCE-1536320, OCE-1635276, OCE-1357076, and DGE-1256082. The seismic network was installed and is operated by the OOI Cabled Array team, led by J. Delaney and D. Kelley. This paper is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution no. 4522. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6318 BP 1395 EP 1399 DI 10.1126/science.aah5563 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EF3YN UT WOS:000390261300036 PM 27980204 ER PT J AU Tao, ZS Zhou, FR Han, TRT Torres, D Wang, TY Sepulveda, N Chang, K Young, M Lunt, RR Ruan, CY AF Tao, Zhensheng Zhou, Faran Han, Tzong-Ru T. Torres, David Wang, Tongyu Sepulveda, Nelson Chang, Kiseok Young, Margaret Lunt, Richard R. Ruan, Chong-Yu TI The nature of photoinduced phase transition and metastable states in vanadium dioxide SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; COHERENT PHONONS; VO2; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATION; NANOBEAMS; CRYSTAL AB Photoinduced threshold switching processes that lead to bistability and the formation of metastable phases in photoinduced phase transition of VO2 are elucidated through ultrafast electron diffraction and diffusive scattering techniques with varying excitation wavelengths. We uncover two distinct regimes of the dynamical phase change: a nearly instantaneous crossover into an intermediate state and its decay led by lattice instabilities over 10 ps timescales. The structure of this intermediate state is identified to be monoclinic, but more akin to M-2 rather than M-1 based on structure refinements. The extinction of all major monoclinic features within just a few picoseconds at the above-threshold-level (similar to 20%) photoexcitations and the distinct dynamics in diffusive scattering that represents medium-range atomic fluctuations at two photon wavelengths strongly suggest a density-driven and nonthermal pathway for the initial process of the photoinduced phase transition. These results highlight the critical roles of electron correlations and lattice instabilities in driving and controlling phase transformations far from equilibrium. C1 [Tao, Zhensheng; Zhou, Faran; Han, Tzong-Ru T.; Chang, Kiseok; Lunt, Richard R.; Ruan, Chong-Yu] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Torres, David; Wang, Tongyu; Sepulveda, Nelson] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Young, Margaret; Lunt, Richard R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tao, Zhensheng] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tao, Zhensheng] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tao, Zhensheng] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ruan, CY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ruan@pa.msu.edu FU DOE grant [DE-FG02-06ER46309]; NSF MRI facility grant [DMR 1126343] FX The authors acknowledge S.B. Mahanti, P.M. Duxbury, and J. McGuire for useful discussions, and R. Loloee and B. Bi for assistance in preparing and characterizing the VO2 films. The work was funded by DOE grant DE-FG02-06ER46309 and supported by NSF MRI facility grant DMR 1126343. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 26 U2 26 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 16 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38514 DI 10.1038/srep38514 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE8KG UT WOS:000389873600001 PM 27982066 ER PT J AU Boufadel, MC Geng, XL Short, J AF Boufadel, Michel C. Geng, Xiaolong Short, Jeff TI Bioremediation of the Exxon Valdez oil in Prince William Sound beaches SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Beach bioremediation; Exxon Valdez oil spill; Oil persistence; Pore water data; Prince William Sound; Subsurface AB Oil from the Exxon Valdez laden with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) has persisted on some beaches in Prince William Sound, Alaska, >20 years after these beaches became contaminated. The degradation rate of the total PAH-(TPAH) is estimated at 1% per year. Low oxygen concentrations were found to be the major factor causing oil persistence, and bioremediation through the injection of hydrogen peroxide and nutrients deep into four beaches in PWS were conducted in the summers of 2011 and 2012. It was found that due to the treatment, the TPAH biodegradation rate was between 13% and 70% during summer 2011 and summer 2012. The results also showed high efficiency in the delivery of oxygen and nutrient to the contaminated areas of the beach. However, the approach has an environmental cost associated with it, and stakeholders would need to conduct a rigorous net environmental benefit analysis (NEBA) for pursuing the bioremediation of submerged contaminated sediments, especially in higher latitudes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boufadel, Michel C.; Geng, Xiaolong] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Nat Resources Dev & Protect, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Short, Jeff] JWS Consulting, Juneau, AK USA. [Short, Jeff] NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Boufadel, MC (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Nat Resources Dev & Protect, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM boufadel@gmail.com FU Exxon Valdez Trustee Council through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [11100836] FX This work was funded in part by the Exxon Valdez Trustee Council under Contract 11100836 through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. However, it does not represent the views of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be implied. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 23 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.086 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EG0PL UT WOS:000390734600035 PM 27622928 ER PT J AU Castro, SL Wick, GA Steele, M AF Castro, Sandra L. Wick, Gary A. Steele, Michael TI Validation of satellite sea surface temperature analyses in the Beaufort Sea using UpTemp buoys SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Satellite SST analyses; High-latitude SST accuracy; In situ validation of L4 SST products ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SYSTEM; FIELDS; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVALS; IMPACT; ERROR; OCEAN AB Many different blended sea surface temperature (SST) analyses are currently available and exhibit significant differences in the high latitude regions. It is challenging for users to determine which of these products is most accurate and best suited for their applications. Nine different SST analyses and two single sensor satellite products are compared with independent observations from Upper Temperature of the polar Oceans (UpTempO) buoys deployed in the Beaufort Sea in 2012 and 2013 during the Marginal Ice Zone Processes Experiment (MIZOPEX). The relative skill of the different SST products is evaluated using a combination of Taylor diagrams and two different verification scores that weight different statistical measures. Skill thresholds based on satellite accuracy requirements are chosen to map products with similar performance into three discrete skill categories: excellent, good, and poor. Results are presented for three subsets of the buoys corresponding to different regimes: coastal waters, northerly waters, and extreme weather. The presence of strong thermal gradients and cloudiness posed problems for the SST products, while in more homogeneous regions the performance was improved and more similar among products. The impact of variations in the ice mask between the SST products was mostly inconsequential. While the relative performance of the analyses varied with regime, overall, the best performing analyses for this region and period included the NOM Optimal Interpolation SST (OISST), the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) SST, and the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) Multi-Product Ensemble (GMPE). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castro, Sandra L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Steele, Michael] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Castro, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sandrac@colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX11AN57G]; National Ocean Partnership Project (NOPP) via NOAA [NA11NOS0120167] FX SLC and MS were supported by the MIZOPEX project through NASA award NNX11AN57G. Additional time for SLC was supported through the Multi-Sensor Improved Sea Surface Temperature (MISST 2) project funded through the National Ocean Partnership Project (NOPP) via NOAA award NA11NOS0120167. The UpTempO buoy SSTs from the Polar Science Center (PSC) at the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in the University of Washington were obtained from the UpTempO Buoy Project web site at http://psc.apl.washington.edu/UpTempO/. The CMC SSTs were provided by Bruce Brasnett at CMC. JPL MUR SSTs were provided by Mike Chin at NASA JPL through the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PODAAC, podaac. jpl.nasa.gov/datasetlist). The GAMSSA, K10, OISST, MWIR, and OSTIA analyses were accessed through the NOAA NCEI Long Term Stewardship and Reanalysis Facility (LTSRF) (ww.nodc.noaa.gov/sog/GHRSST/accessdata.html). FNMOC SSTs for GHRSST were obtained from the USGODAE server (www.usgodae.org), hosted by the U.S. Navy at the Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division (http://www.usgodae.org/pub/outgoing/fnmoc/models/GHRSST/). The GMPE SST data were provided by GHRSST, the Met Office, and MyOcean (www.myocean.eu). The MWIR and WindSat SST retrievals were provided by Remote Sensing Systems, and the AVHRR LAC data were provided by NAVOCEANO. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 187 BP 458 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.035 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EF7EX UT WOS:000390494000033 ER PT J AU Castellanos, MM Clark, NJ Watson, MC Krueger, S McAuley, A Curtis, JE AF Castellanos, Maria Monica Clark, Nicholas J. Watson, Max C. Krueger, Susan McAuley, Arnold Curtis, Joseph E. TI Role of Molecular Flexibility and Colloidal Descriptions of Proteins in Crowded Environments from Small-Angle Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CLUSTER FORMATION; SELF-ASSOCIATION; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; VISCOSITY; HYDRATION; CONFORMATIONS AB Small-angle scattering is a powerful technique to study molecular conformation and interactions of proteins in solution and in amorphous solids. We have investigated the role of multiple protein configurations in the interaction parameters derived from small-angle scattering for proteins in concentrated solutions. In order to account for the wide configurational space sampled by proteins, we generate ensembles of atomistic structures for lysozyme and monoclonal antibodies, representing globular and flexible proteins, respectively. While recent work has argued that a colloidal approach is inadequate to model proteins, because of the large configurational space that they sample in solution, we find a range of length scales where colloidal models can be used to describe solution scattering data while simultaneously accounting for structural flexibility. We provide insights to determine the length scales where isotropic colloidal models can be used, and find smoothly varying sets of interaction parameters that encompass ensembles of structures. This approach may play an important role in the definition of long-range interactions in coarse-grained models of flexible proteins with experimental scattering constraints. Additionally, we apply the decoupling approximation to ensembles of lysozyme structures with atomistic detail and observe remarkably different results when using geometric solids, such as ellipsoids. The insights from this study provide guidelines for the analysis of small-angle scattering profiles of proteins in crowded environments. C1 [Castellanos, Maria Monica; Clark, Nicholas J.; Watson, Max C.; Krueger, Susan; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castellanos, Maria Monica] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [McAuley, Arnold] Amgen Inc, Dept Drug Prod Dev, One Amgen Ctr Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Clark, Nicholas J.] Amgen Inc, Drug Prod Formulat Technol, One Amgen Ctr Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Watson, Max C.] CACI Int, 7901 Jones Branch Dr 700, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU NIST biomanufacturing initiative; National Research Council; EPSRC [EP/K039121/1]; NSF [CHE-1265821] FX M.M.C. acknowledges financial support from the NIST biomanufacturing initiative. M.W.C. acknowledges a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. This work used CCP-SAS software developed through a joint EPSRC (EP/K039121/1) and NSF (CHE-1265821) grant. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 49 BP 12511 EP 12518 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10637 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EF1GB UT WOS:000390072200010 PM 27973814 ER PT J AU Liu, J Park, SY Garrity, KF Vanderbilt, D AF Liu, Jianpeng Park, Se Young Garrity, Kevin F. Vanderbilt, David TI UFlux States and Topological Phases from Spontaneous Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in CrSi(Ge)Te-3-Based Systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED WANNIER FUNCTIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; COPPER-OXIDE METALS; WAVE BASIS-SET; INSULATORS; MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; COMPOUND AB We study adatom-covered single layers of CrSiTe3 and CrGeTe3 using first-principles calculations based on hybrid functionals. We find that the insulating ground state of a monolayer of La (Lu) deposited on single-layer CrSiTe3 (CrGeTe3) carries spontaneously generated current loops around the Cr sites. These "flux states" induce antiferromagnetically ordered orbital moments on the Cr sites and are also associated with nontrivial topological properties. The calculated Chern numbers for these systems are predicted to be +/- 1 even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, with sizable gaps on the order of 100 meV. The flux states and the associated topological phases result from spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking due to the presence of nonlocal Coulomb interactions. C1 [Liu, Jianpeng] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Liu, Jianpeng; Park, Se Young; Vanderbilt, David] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Garrity, Kevin F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Liu, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU [DMR-1408838]; [DMR-1506119] FX This work is supported by DMR-1408838. J. L. also acknowledges support from DMR-1506119. We thank S.-W. Cheong for suggesting CrSi(Ge)Te3 substrates as potential hosts for topological adatom structures. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 25 AR 257201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.257201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EF3ME UT WOS:000390227700010 PM 28036224 ER PT J AU Hurst, HM Wilson, JH Pixley, JH Spielman, IB Natu, SS AF Hurst, Hilary M. Wilson, Justin H. Pixley, J. H. Spielman, I. B. Natu, Stefan S. TI Real-space mean-field theory of a spin-1 Bose gas in synthetic dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EDGE STATES; QUANTUM; ATOMS AB The internal degrees of freedom provided by ultracold atoms provide a route for realizing higher dimensional physics in systems with limited spatial dimensions. Nonspatial degrees of freedom in these systems are dubbed "synthetic dimensions." This connection is useful from an experimental standpoint but complicated by the fact that interactions alter the condensate ground state. Here we use the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study the ground-state properties of a spin-1 Bose gas under the combined influence of an optical lattice, spatially varying spin-orbit coupling, and interactions at the mean-field level. The associated phases depend on the sign of the spin-dependent interaction parameter and the strength of the spin-orbit field. We find "charge"- and spin-density-wave phases which are directly related to helical spin order in real space and affect the behavior of edge currents in the synthetic dimension. We determine the resulting phase diagram as a function of the spin-orbit coupling and spin-dependent interaction strength, considering both attractive (ferromagnetic) and repulsive (polar) spin-dependent interactions, and we provide a direct comparison of our results with the noninteracting case. Our findings are applicable to current and future experiments, specifically with Rb-87, Li-7, K-41, and Na-23. C1 [Hurst, Hilary M.; Wilson, Justin H.; Pixley, J. H.; Natu, Stefan S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hurst, Hilary M.; Wilson, Justin H.; Pixley, J. H.; Natu, Stefan S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, Justin H.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wilson, Justin H.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hurst, HM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Hurst, HM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hhurst@umd.edu FU NSF through the PFC at the JQI via the PFC seed grant "Emergent phenomena in interacting spin-orbit coupled gases"; National Physical Science Consortium; NSA; ARO's (Army Research Office) Atomtronics MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the PFC at the JQI; JQI-NSF-PFC; LPS-MPO-CMTC; Microsoft Q FX We would like to thank William Cole and Sankar Das Sarma for useful discussions as well as collaborations on related work. This work was partially supported by the NSF through the PFC at the JQI via the PFC seed grant "Emergent phenomena in interacting spin-orbit coupled gases" (H.M.H., J.H.P., S.S.N.) for support, JQI-NSF-PFC, LPS-MPO-CMTC, and Microsoft Q (J.H.P. and S.S.N.). H.M.H. acknowledges additional fellowship support from the National Physical Science Consortium and NSA. Additional support was provided by the ARO's (Army Research Office) Atomtronics MURI and by the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI (I.B.S., J.H.W.). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 063613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063613 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EF3TB UT WOS:000390246200008 ER PT J AU Garretson, IC Mani, M Leong, S Lyons, KW Haapala, KR AF Garretson, Ian C. Mani, Mahesh Leong, Swee Lyons, Kevin W. Haapala, Karl R. TI Terminology to support manufacturing process characterization and assessment for sustainable production SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Process characterization; Terminology; Sustainable production; Process modeling; Unit manufacturing process; Manufacturing ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS; INVENTORY ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL-PROCESSES; DESIGN; INDUSTRY; ENERGY; OPPORTUNITIES; OUTCOMES; MODEL AB Common terminology is essential for accurate communication among researchers, scientists, engineers, and other decision makers. To assist manufacturing process characterization, a common understanding of terminology is imperative for efficient and effective communication in industry; it can also facilitate automation and interoperability of software tools. Manufacturing process characterization enables the assessment and improvement of unit manufacturing processes, products, and systems from a sustain ability perspective. To develop and implement sustainability-related standards and best practices in industry, naming conventions and definitions of common terms are needed. Presently, many terms used are ill-defined, vague, or overlap in meaning. Although there are ongoing standards efforts related to terminology identification and definition, an identified common set is yet to be developed. The objective of this work was to facilitate ongoing standards development efforts by harmonizing the varied array of terms used to describe production processes. As a result of a review of the literature, a concise set of 47 terms focusing on process characterization and able to describe sustainable production was generated; terms unique to individual production processes were omitted. The terms were organized into six categories to define the overarching concepts: Scope, Boundary, Material, Measurement, Model, and Flow. Definitions of the terms were then derived from the literature in sustainable manufacturing and chemical and process industries, process characterization and planning, organization standards, and life cycle assessment and management. The reported terms and definitions are not unique to sustainable production, and could foster widespread use of the concepts to improve the economic, environmental, and social performance of industry. In the future, the terminology described could be standardized through international standards organizations. Further, a rigorous review of research on manufacturing process characterization and process modeling in support of sustainable production is yet to be accomplished. Such a review would aid in organizing prior work by process type, perhaps by using a standard process taxonomy. Thus, a generalized, industry-relevant method for manufacturing process characterization could emerge to support sustainability assessment, and could be implemented through software applications accessible to a variety of users. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garretson, Ian C.; Haapala, Karl R.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Ind Sustainabil Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mani, Mahesh; Leong, Swee; Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haapala, KR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Ind Sustainabil Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM karl.haapala@oregonstate.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB13H155] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Jon Anderson of Chalmers University of Technology for his input on an early draft of this manuscript. The authors from Oregon State University gratefully acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST Award No. 70NANB13H155) for its support of this research. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD DEC 15 PY 2016 VL 139 BP 986 EP 1000 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.103 PG 15 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EA9VA UT WOS:000386991600090 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, Karl K. TI Semi-empirical estimation of ion-specific cross sections in electron ionization of molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; HEAVY-ELEMENTS Z-GREATER-THAN-10; SHELL PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRUM; PHOTOIONIZATION DYNAMICS; METHYL HALIDES; BROMOCHLOROBENZENE; DICHLOROBENZENE; CH4; DISCRIMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Partial ionization cross sections are the absolute yields of specific ions from an electron-molecule collision. They are necessary for modeling plasmas and determining the sensitivity of mass spectrometers, among other applications. They can be predicted semi-empirically when experimental data are available for channel-specific oscillator strengths. However, such data are seldom available because they are obtained using specialized apparatus. Here, an alternative semi-empirical method is proposed that exploits experimental data obtained using ordinary mass spectrometers, as corrected for mass discrimination. Data are presented for an incident electron energy of 70 eV. C1 [Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 22 AR 224102 DI 10.1063/1.4971242 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EH2FJ UT WOS:000391582700005 PM 27984877 ER PT J AU Osti, NC Etampawala, TN Shrestha, UM Aryal, D Tyagi, M Diallo, SO Mamontov, E Cornelius, CJ Perahia, D AF Osti, N. C. Etampawala, T. N. Shrestha, U. M. Aryal, D. Tyagi, M. Diallo, S. O. Mamontov, E. Cornelius, C. J. Perahia, D. TI Water dynamics in rigid ionomer networks SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IONOMERS; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; SINGLE-ION CONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NAFION MEMBRANE; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; POLYMER MEMBRANES; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; FUEL-CELLS; TRANSPORT AB The dynamics of water within ionic polymer networks formed by sulfonated poly(phenylene) (SPP), as revealed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS), is presented. These polymers are distinguished from other ionic macromolecules by their rigidity and therefore in their network structure. QENS measurements as a function of temperature as the fraction of ionic groups and humidity were varied have shown that the polymer molecules are immobile while absorbed water molecules remain dynamic. The water molecules occupy multiple sites, either bound or loosely constrained, and bounce between the two. With increasing temperature and hydration levels, the system becomes more dynamic. Water molecules remain mobile even at subzero temperatures, illustrating the applicability of the SPP membrane for selective transport over a broad temperature range. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Osti, N. C.; Etampawala, T. N.; Shrestha, U. M.; Aryal, D.; Perahia, D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Diallo, S. O.; Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cornelius, C. J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Osti, N. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Osti, NC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM nosti@g.clemson.edu; dperahi@clemson.edu RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Osti, Naresh/0000-0002-0213-2299 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-DE-FG02-07ER46456, DE-FG02-12ER46843]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Travel Fellowship from the DOE-EPSCoR Grant [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under the Contract Nos. DOE-DE-FG02-07ER46456 and DE-FG02-12ER46843. The use of neutron scattering facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Travel to Oak Ridge National Laboratory to carry out this work was supported by a Travel Fellowship from the DOE-EPSCoR Grant to the University of Tennessee, DE-FG02-08ER46528. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. Any mention of commercial products within NIST web pages is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 145 IS 22 AR 224901 DI 10.1063/1.4971209 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EH2FJ UT WOS:000391582700039 PM 27984911 ER PT J AU Kuno, Y Tassel, C Fujita, K Batuk, D Abakamov, AM Shitara, K Kuwabara, A Moriwake, H Watabe, D Ritter, C Brown, CM Yamamoto, T Takeiri, F Abe, R Kobayashi, Y Tanaka, K Kageyama, H AF Kuno, Yoshinori Tassel, Cedric Fujita, Koji Batuk, Dmitry Abakamov, Artem M. Shitara, Kazuki Kuwabara, Akihide Moriwake, Hiroki Watabe, Daichi Ritter, Clemens Brown, Craig M. Yamamoto, Takafumi Takeiri, Fumitaka Abe, Ryu Kobayashi, Yoji Tanaka, Katsuhisa Kageyama, Hiroshi TI ZnTaO2N: Stabilized High-Temperature LiNbO3-type Structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; D(0) TRANSITION-METALS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-TRANSITION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; LITHIUM TANTALATE AB By using a high-pressure reaction, we prepared a new oxynitride ZnTaO2N that crystallizes in a centrosymmetric (R (3) over barc) high-temperature LiNbO3-type structure (HTLN-type). The stabilization of the HTLN-type structure down to low temperatures (at least 20 K) makes it possible to investigate not only the stability of this phase, but also the phase transition to a noncentrosymmetric (R3c) LiNbO3-type structure (LN-type) which is yet to be clarified. Synchrotron and neutron diffraction studies in combination with transmission electron microscopy show that Zn is located at a disordered 12c site instead of 6a, implying an order disorder mechanism of the phase transition. It is found that the dosed d-shell of Zn2+, as well as the high-valent Ta5+ ion, is responsible for the stabilization of the HTLN-type structure, affording a novel quasitriangular ZnO2N coordination. Interestingly, only 3% Zn substitution for MnTaO2N induces a phase transition from LN- to HTLN-type structure, implying the proximity in energy between the two structural types, which is supported by the first-principles calculations. C1 [Kuno, Yoshinori; Tassel, Cedric; Fujita, Koji; Watabe, Daichi; Yamamoto, Takafumi; Takeiri, Fumitaka; Abe, Ryu; Kobayashi, Yoji; Tanaka, Katsuhisa; Kageyama, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Tassel, Cedric] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr Adv Res, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Batuk, Dmitry; Abakamov, Artem M.] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Abakamov, Artem M.] Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol, Skoltech Ctr Elect Energy Storage, Nobel Str 3, Moscow 143026, Russia. [Shitara, Kazuki; Kuwabara, Akihide; Moriwake, Hiroki] Nanostruct Res Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4568587, Japan. [Ritter, Clemens] Inst Laue Langevin, 71 Ave Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kageyama, Hiroshi] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RP Kageyama, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan.; Kageyama, H (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. EM kage@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Kageyama, Hiroshi/A-4602-2010; Kuwabara, Akihide/N-4783-2014; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Fujita, Koji/C-7662-2012 OI Kuwabara, Akihide/0000-0002-2810-3437; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Fujita, Koji/0000-0002-1700-0889 FU CREST project; JSPS [25249090, 24248016]; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) [2015B1110, 2015B1111, 2015B1472]; [16K17877]; [26106514]; [JP16H6439]; [JP16H6440]; [JP16H6441] FX The authors would like to thank Tsukasa Matsubara for his support during an SHG measurement. This work was supported by CREST project and JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (25249090 and 24248016), Young Scientists (B) (16K17877), and for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Nano Informatics" (26106514) and "Mixed Anion" (JP16H6439, JP16H6440, JP16H6441). The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at the BL02B2 of SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal 2015B1110, 2015B1111, 2015B1472). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 49 BP 15950 EP 15955 DI 10.1021/jacs.6b08635 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EE9RB UT WOS:000389962800032 PM 27960353 ER PT J AU Putman, NF Lumpkin, R Sacco, AE Mansfield, KL AF Putman, Nathan F. Lumpkin, Rick Sacco, Alexander E. Mansfield, Katherine L. TI Passive drift or active swimming in marine organisms? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ocean currents; swimming; passive drift; ocean circulation model; satellite telemetry; sea turtle ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; MAGNETIC NAVIGATION BEHAVIOR; CARETTA-CARETTA; OCEAN; TRAJECTORIES; MOVEMENT; MODEL; DISPERSAL; SYSTEM AB Predictions of organismal movements in a fluid require knowing the fluid's velocity and potential contributions of the organism's behaviour (e.g. swimming or flying). While theoretical aspects of this work are reasonably well-developed, field-based validation is challenging. A much-needed study recently published by Briscoe and colleagues in Proceedings of the Royal Society B compared movements and distribution of satellite-tracked juvenile sea turtles to virtual particles released in a data-assimilating hindcast ocean circulation model. Substantial differences observed between turtles and particles were considered evidence for an important role of active swimming by turtles. However, the experimental design implicitly assumed that transport predictions were insensitive to (i) start location, (ii) tracking duration, (iii) depth, and (iv) physical processes not depicted in the model. Here, we show that the magnitude of variation in physical parameters between turtles and virtual particles can profoundly alter transport predictions, potentially sufficient to explain the reported differences without evoking swimming behaviour. We present a more robust method to derive the environmental contributions to individual movements, but caution that resolving the ocean velocities experienced by individual organisms remains a problem for assessing the role of behaviour in organismal movements and population distributions. C1 [Putman, Nathan F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sacco, Alexander E.; Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Putman, NF (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nathan.putman@gmail.com RI Putman, Nathan/A-9723-2017; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Putman, Nathan/0000-0001-8485-7455; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU Gulf Research Program of the National Academy of Sciences [2000006434]; Climate Observations Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX N.F.P. and K.L.M. acknowledge funding from the Gulf Research Program of the National Academy of Sciences under award number 2000006434. R.L. was funded by the Climate Observations Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office. N.F.P. and R.L. were funded by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 283 IS 1844 AR 20161689 DI 10.1098/rspb.2016.1689 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA EF5XW UT WOS:000390404200015 ER PT J AU Mineart, KP Tallury, SS Li, T Lee, B Spontak, RJ AF Mineart, Kenneth P. Tallury, Syamal S. Li, Tao Lee, Byeongdu Spontak, Richard J. TI Phase-Change Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends for Tunable Shape Memory by Physical Design SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; PROPERTY; OIL AB Intelligent polymeric materials are of increasing interest in contemporary technologies due to their low cost, light weight, facile processability, and inherent ability to change properties, shape, and/or size upon exposure to an external stimulus. In this study, we consider thermally programmable shape-memory polymers (SMPs), which typically rely on chemistry-specific macromolecules composed of two functional species. An elastic, network-forming component permits stretched polymer chains to return to their relaxed state, and a switching component affords at least one thermal transition to regulate fixation of a desired strain state and return to a previous strain state. Here, we produce designer shape-memory materials by combining thermoplastic elastomeric triblock copolymers with a midblock-selective phase-change additive, thereby yielding shape-memory polymer blends (SMPBs). These materials not only exhibit tunable switch points but also controllable recovery kinetics. We further highlight the versatility of SMPBs through laminate welding for intermediate multishape fabrication and liquid metal inclusion for shape-memory electronics. C1 [Mineart, Kenneth P.; Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tallury, Syamal S.; Spontak, Richard J.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tallury, Syamal S.] North Carolina State Univ, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Li, Tao; Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mineart, Kenneth P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tallury, Syamal S.] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Spontak, RJ (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Rich_Spontak@ncsu.edu OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805; Mineart, Kenneth/0000-0003-2374-4670 FU NC State Nonwovens Institute; MANN+HUMMEL GmbH; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This contribution was identified, in part, by Professor John Gilmer (King University) and Dr. Jason Jenkins (Eastman Chemical Company) as the Best Presentation in the session "Eastman Chemical Student Award in Applied Polymer Science" of the 2016 ACS Fall National Meeting in Philadelphia, PA. K.P.M. and S.S.T. thank the NC State Nonwovens Institute for Ph.D. fellowships. K.P.M. would also like to thank MANN+HUMMEL GmbH for additional support. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We are indebted to Professors M.D. Dickey and S.A. Khan for use of their fabrication and testing facilities, and to Mr. S.E. White for technical assistance. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 14 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 49 BP 12590 EP 12597 DI 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04039 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EE9RE UT WOS:000389963100010 ER PT J AU Long, DA Fleisher, AJ Plusquellic, DF Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Fleisher, A. J. Plusquellic, D. F. Hodges, J. T. TI Multiplexed sub-Doppler spectroscopy with an optical frequency comb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SATURATED ABSORPTION; RESOLUTION; LASER; BAND; HETERODYNE; GENERATOR; LINES AB An optical frequency comb generated with an electro-optic phase modulator and a chirped radio-frequency waveform is used to perform pump-probe spectroscopy on the D-1 and D-2 transitions of atomic potassium at 770.1 and 766.7 nm, respectively. With a comb tooth spacing of 200 kHz and an optical bandwidth of 2 GHz the hyperfine transitions can be observed simultaneously. Interferograms are recorded in as little as 5 mu s (a timescale corresponding to the inverse of the comb tooth spacing). Importantly, the sub-Doppler features can be measured as long as the laser carrier frequency lies within the Doppler profile, thus removing the need for slow scanning or a priori knowledge of the frequencies of the sub-Doppler features. Sub-Doppler optical frequency comb spectroscopy has the potential to dramatically reduce acquisition times and allow for rapid and accurate assignment of complex molecular and atomic spectra which are presently intractable. C1 [Long, D. A.; Fleisher, A. J.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Plusquellic, D. F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Long, DA; Fleisher, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov; adam.fleisher@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Climate Research Program FX Funding was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Climate Research Program. We also thank K. C. Cossel, J. R. Lawall, N. Newbury, J. N. Tan, and J. Unguris of NIST for loaned equipment. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 061801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.061801 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA EF3HP UT WOS:000390215700001 ER PT J AU Middleton, LR Tarver, JD Cordaro, J Tyagi, M Soles, CL Frischknecht, AL Winey, KI AF Middleton, L. Robert Tarver, Jacob D. Cordaro, Joseph Tyagi, Madhusudan Soles, Christopher L. Frischknecht, Amalie L. Winey, Karen I. TI Heterogeneous Chain Dynamics and Aggregate Lifetimes in Precise Acid-Containing Polyethylenes: Experiments and Simulations SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AA FORCE-FIELD; NEUTRON-SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; ION-CONTAINING POLYETHYLENES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; RELAXATION PROCESSES; IONOMER MELTS; MORPHOLOGIES; TEMPERATURE; COPOLYMERS AB Melt state dynamics for a series of strictly linear polyethylenes with precisely spaced associating functional groups were investigated. The periodic pendant acrylic acid groups form hydrogen-bonded acid aggregates within the polyethylene (PE) matrix. The dynamics of these nanoscale heterogeneous morphologies were investigated from picosecond to nanosecond timescales by both quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements and fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two dynamic processes were observed. The faster dynamic processes which occur at the picosecond timescales are compositionally insensitive and indicative of spatially restricted local motions. The slower dynamic processes are highly composition dependent and indicate the structural relaxation of the polymer backbone. Higher acid contents, or shorter PE spacers between pendant acid groups, slow the structural relaxation timescale and increase the stretching parameter (beta) of the structural relaxation. Additionally, the dynamics of specific hydrogen atom positions along the backbone correlate structural heterogeneity imposed by the associating acid groups with a mobility gradient along the polymer backbone. At time intervals (<2 ns), the mean-squared displacements for the four methylene groups closest to the acid groups are up to 10 times smaller than those of methylene groups further from the acid groups. At longer timescales acid aggregates rearrange and the chain dynamics of the slow, near-aggregate regions and the faster bridge regions converge, implying a characteristic timescale for the passage of chains between aggregates. The characterization of the nanoscale chain dynamics in these associating polymer systems both provides validation of simulation force fields and provides understanding of heterogeneous chain dynamics in associating polymers. C1 [Middleton, L. Robert; Winey, Karen I.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Winey, Karen I.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tarver, Jacob D.; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cordaro, Joseph] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Frischknecht, Amalie L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Winey, KI (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.; Winey, KI (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM winey@seas.upenn.edu FU National Science Foundation [15-06726]; MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR 11-20901]; Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation as part of the Center for High Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy [DMR-1508249]; National Research Council Research Associateship award at NIST FX At the University of Pennsylvania this work was supported by the National Science Foundation Polymers Program Grant DMR (15-06726). The MAXS facility is funded in part by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation (DMR 11-20901). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States National Science Foundation. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. This work was also supported by the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The disc chopper spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) that was used in this work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-1508249 as part of the Center for High Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy. This research was performed while J.D.T. held a National Research Council Research Associateship award at NIST. L.R.M. expresses gratitude to Philip J. Griffin and Edward B. Trigg at the University of Pennsylvania for helpful discussions. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 23 BP 9176 EP 9185 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01918 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EE8HJ UT WOS:000389866000039 ER PT J AU Balk, L Hagerroth, PA Gustavsson, H Sigg, L Akerman, G Munoz, YR Honeyfield, DC Tjarnlund, U Oliveira, K Strom, K McCormick, SD Karlsson, S Strom, M van Manen, M Berg, AL Halldorsson, HP Stromquist, J Collier, TK Borjeson, H Morner, T Hansson, T AF Balk, Lennart Hagerroth, Per-Ake Gustavsson, Hanna Sigg, Lisa Akerman, Gun Ruiz Munoz, Yolanda Honeyfield, Dale C. Tjarnlund, Ulla Oliveira, Kenneth Strom, Karin McCormick, Stephen D. Karlsson, Simon Strom, Marika van Manen, Mathijs Berg, Anna-Lena Halldorsson, Halldor P. Stromquist, Jennie Collier, Tracy K. Borjeson, Hans Morner, Torsten Hansson, Tomas TI Widespread episodic thiamine deficiency in Northern Hemisphere wildlife SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID 2 EXPERIMENTAL-MODELS; LIFE-STAGE MORTALITY; DEPENDENT ENZYMES; AMERICAN EELS; RAT-BRAIN; WERNICKES ENCEPHALOPATHY; ARTIFICIAL MATURATION; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES; ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; AVIAN INFLUENZA AB Many wildlife populations are declining at rates higher than can be explained by known threats to biodiversity. Recently, thiamine (vitamin B-1) deficiency has emerged as a possible contributing cause. Here, thiamine status was systematically investigated in three animal classes: bivalves, ray-finned fishes, and birds. Thiamine diphosphate is required as a cofactor in at least five life-sustaining enzymes that are required for basic cellular metabolism. Analysis of different phosphorylated forms of thiamine, as well as of activities and amount of holoenzyme and apoenzyme forms of thiaminedependent enzymes, revealed episodically occurring thiamine deficiency in all three animal classes. These biochemical effects were also linked to secondary effects on growth, condition, liver size, blood chemistry and composition, histopathology, swimming behaviour and endurance, parasite infestation, and reproduction. It is unlikely that the thiamine deficiency is caused by impaired phosphorylation within the cells. Rather, the results point towards insufficient amounts of thiamine in the food. By investigating a large geographic area, by extending the focus from lethal to sublethal thiamine deficiency, and by linking biochemical alterations to secondary effects, we demonstrate that the problem of thiamine deficiency is considerably more widespread and severe than previously reported. C1 [Balk, Lennart; Hagerroth, Per-Ake; Gustavsson, Hanna; Sigg, Lisa; Akerman, Gun; Tjarnlund, Ulla; Strom, Karin; Strom, Marika; van Manen, Mathijs; Hansson, Tomas] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem ACES, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ruiz Munoz, Yolanda] Univ Vigo, Dept Biochem, Genet & Immunol, Lagoas Marcosende, ES-36310 Vigo, Spain. [Honeyfield, Dale C.] Leetown Sci Ctr, No Appalachian Res Lab, S Geol Survey USGS, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. [Oliveira, Kenneth] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Biol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [McCormick, Stephen D.] Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, S Geol Survey USGS, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Karlsson, Simon] Karlstad Univ, 6 River Ecol & Management, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. [Karlsson, Simon; Stromquist, Jennie] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Inst Freshwater Res, Dept Aquat Resources, SE-17893 Drottningholm, Sweden. [Strom, Karin] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna & Ctr Mol Med, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. [van Manen, Mathijs] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Berg, Anna-Lena] Med Prod Agcy, Box 26, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden. [Halldorsson, Halldor P.] Univ Icelands Res Ctr Sudurnes, IS-245 Sandgerdi, Iceland. [Collier, Tracy K.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Borjeson, Hans] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Fisheries Res Stn, 13Department Aquat Resources, Brobacken, SE-81494 lvkarleby, Sweden. [Morner, Torsten] Natl Vet Inst SVA, Dept Dis Control & Epidemiol, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Balk, L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem ACES, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM lennart.balk@aces.su.se; tomas.hansson@aces.su.se FU Regionplanekontoret at Stockholms Lans Landsting; Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV); Sveaskog; Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms Minne; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse for Vetenskaplig Forskning; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF); Foundation for Swedish-Icelandic Cooperation; foundation Signhild Engkvists Stiftelse; foundation Baltic Sea FX This work was supported jointly, and with equal amounts, by the two foundations Signhild Engkvists Stiftelse and Baltic Sea 2020. The investigation of blue mussels was also supported by Regionplanekontoret at Stockholms Lans Landsting. The investigation of salmonines in River Morrumsan was also supported by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (HaV) and Sveaskog. Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms Minne funded a PhD student, and Carl Tryggers Stiftelse for Vetenskaplig Forskning funded a postdoctoral fellow. Financial support was also provided by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The Foundation for Swedish-Icelandic Cooperation funded some of the travel to Iceland. Carl Zeiss AB (Stockholm) supplied optical equipment. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 13 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38821 DI 10.1038/srep38821 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE5ZO UT WOS:000389688300001 PM 27958327 ER PT J AU Saunois, M Bousquet, P Poulter, B Peregon, A Ciais, P Canadell, JG Dlugokencky, EJ Etiope, G Bastviken, D Houweling, S Janssens-Maenhout, G Tubiello, FN Castaldi, S Jackson, RB Alexe, M Arora, VK Beerling, DJ Bergamaschi, P Blake, DR Brailsford, G Brovkin, V Bruhwiler, L Crevoisier, C Crill, P Covey, K Curry, C Frankenberg, C Gedney, N Hoglund-Isaksson, L Ishizawa, M Ito, A Joos, F Kim, HS Kleinen, T Krummel, P Lamarque, JF Langenfelds, R Locatelli, R Machida, T Maksyutov, S McDonald, KC Marshall, J Melton, JR Morino, I Naik, V O'Doherty, S Parmentier, FJW Patra, PK Peng, CH Peng, SS Peters, GP Pison, I Prigent, C Prinn, R Ramonet, M Riley, WJ Saito, M Santini, M Schroeder, R Simpson, IJ Spahni, R Steele, P Takizawa, A Thornton, BF Tian, HQ Tohjima, Y Viovy, N Voulgarakis, A van Weele, M van der Werf, GR Weiss, R Wiedinmyer, C Wilton, DJ Wiltshire, A Worthy, D Wunch, D Xu, XY Yoshida, Y Zhang, B Zhang, Z Zhu, Q AF Saunois, Marielle Bousquet, Philippe Poulter, Ben Peregon, Anna Ciais, Philippe Canadell, Josep G. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Etiope, Giuseppe Bastviken, David Houweling, Sander Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Tubiello, Francesco N. Castaldi, Simona Jackson, Robert B. Alexe, Mihai Arora, Vivek K. Beerling, David J. Bergamaschi, Peter Blake, Donald R. Brailsford, Gordon Brovkin, Victor Bruhwiler, Lori Crevoisier, Cyril Crill, Patrick Covey, Kristofer Curry, Charles Frankenberg, Christian Gedney, Nicola Hoeglund-Isaksson, Lena Ishizawa, Misa Ito, Akihiko Joos, Fortunat Kim, Heon-Sook Kleinen, Thomas Krummel, Paul Lamarque, Jean-Francois Langenfelds, Ray Locatelli, Robin Machida, Toshinobu Maksyutov, Shamil McDonald, Kyle C. Marshall, Julia Melton, Joe R. Morino, Isamu Naik, Vaishali O'Doherty, Simon Parmentier, Frans-Jan W. Patra, Prabir K. Peng, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peters, Glen P. Pison, Isabelle Prigent, Catherine Prinn, Ronald Ramonet, Michel Riley, William J. Saito, Makoto Santini, Monia Schroeder, Ronny Simpson, Isobel J. Spahni, Renato Steele, Paul Takizawa, Atsushi Thornton, Brett F. Tian, Hanqin Tohjima, Yasunori Viovy, Nicolas Voulgarakis, Apostolos van Weele, Michiel van der Werf, Guido R. Weiss, Ray Wiedinmyer, Christine Wilton, David J. Wiltshire, Andy Worthy, Doug Wunch, Debra Xu, Xiyan Yoshida, Yukio Zhang, Bowen Zhang, Zhen Zhu, Qiuan TI The global methane budget 2000-2012 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID PROCESS-BASED MODEL; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL RADICALS; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; PAST 2 DECADES; NATURAL-GAS; TRACE GASES; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AB The global methane (CH4) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter atmospheric lifetime and a stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide, is challenged by the still unexplained changes of atmospheric CH4 over the past decade. Emissions and concentrations of CH4 are continuing to increase, making CH4 the second most important human-induced greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Two major difficulties in reducing uncertainties come from the large variety of diffusive CH4 sources that overlap geographically, and from the destruction of CH4 by the very short-lived hydroxyl radical (OH). To address these difficulties, we have established a consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate research on the methane cycle, and producing regular (similar to biennial) updates of the global methane budget. This consortium includes atmospheric physicists and chemists, biogeochemists of surface and marine emissions, and socio-economists who study anthropogenic emissions. Following Kirschke et al. (2013), we propose here the first version of a living review paper that integrates results of top-down studies (exploiting atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up models, inventories and data-driven approaches (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, and inventories for anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). For the 2003-2012 decade, global methane emissions are estimated by top-down inversions at 558 TgCH(4) yr(-1), range 540-568. About 60% of global emissions are anthropogenic (range 50-65 %). Since 2010, the bottom-up global emission inventories have been closer to methane emissions in the most carbon-intensive Representative Concentrations Pathway (RCP8.5) and higher than all other RCP scenarios. Bottom-up approaches suggest larger global emissions (736 TgCH(4) yr(-1), range 596-884) mostly because of larger natural emissions from individual sources such as inland waters, natural wetlands and geological sources. Considering the atmospheric constraints on the top-down budget, it is likely that some of the individual emissions reported by the bottom-up approaches are overestimated, leading to too large global emissions. Latitudinal data from top-down emissions indicate a predominance of tropical emissions (similar to 64% of the global budget, <30 degrees N) as compared to mid (similar to 32 %, 30-60 degrees N) and high northern latitudes (similar to 4 %, 60-90 degrees N). Top-down inversions consistently infer lower emissions in China (similar to 58 TgCH(4) yr(-1), range 51-72, -14 %) and higher emissions in Africa (86 TgCH(4) yr(-1), range 73-108, + 19 %) than bottom-up values used as prior estimates. Overall, uncertainties for anthropogenic emissions appear smaller than those from natural sources, and the uncertainties on source categories appear larger for top-down inversions than for bottom-up inventories and models. The most important source of uncertainty on the methane budget is attributable to emissions from wetland and other inland waters. We show that the wetland extent could contribute 30-40% on the estimated range for wetland emissions. Other priorities for improving the methane budget include the following: (i) the development of process-based models for inland-water emissions, (ii) the intensification of methane observations at local scale (flux measurements) to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scale (surface networks and satellites) to constrain top-down inversions, (iii) improvements in the estimation of atmospheric loss by OH, and (iv) improvements of the transport models integrated in top-down inversions. The data presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (http://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/GLOBAL_METHANE_BUDGET_2016_V1.1) and the Global Carbon Project. C1 [Saunois, Marielle; Bousquet, Philippe; Peregon, Anna; Ciais, Philippe; Locatelli, Robin; Peng, Shushi; Pison, Isabelle; Ramonet, Michel; Viovy, Nicolas] Univ Paris Saclay, LSCE IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Poulter, Ben; Zhang, Zhen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Canadell, Josep G.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Bruhwiler, Lori] NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Etiope, Giuseppe] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Roma 2, Via V Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Bastviken, David] Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Houweling, Sander] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Alexe, Mihai; Bergamaschi, Peter] European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, VA, Italy. [Tubiello, Francesco N.] Food & Agr Org United Nations FAO, Stat Div, Viale Terme Caracalla, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Castaldi, Simona] Seconda Univ Napoli, Dipartimento Sci Ambientali Biol & Farmaceut, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. [Castaldi, Simona] FEFU, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Russia. [Castaldi, Simona; Santini, Monia] Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change, Via Augusto Imperatore 16, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Sch Earth Energy & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arora, Vivek K.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Beerling, David J.; Wilton, David J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Blake, Donald R.; Simpson, Isobel J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, 570 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Brailsford, Gordon] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington, New Zealand. [Brovkin, Victor; Kleinen, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Crevoisier, Cyril] Ecole Polytech, LMD IPSL, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91120 Palaiseau, France. Dept Geol Sci, Svante Arrhenius Vag 8, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Crill, Patrick; Thornton, Brett F.] Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Svante Arrhenius Vag 8, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Covey, Kristofer] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Curry, Charles] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Frankenberg, Christian] Jet Prop Lab, M-S 183-601,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gedney, Nicola; Morino, Isamu] Joint Ctr Hydrometeorol Res, Met Off Hadley Ctr, Maclean Bldg, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Hoeglund-Isaksson, Lena] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Air Qual & Greenhouse Gases Program AIR, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Joos, Fortunat; Spahni, Renato] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Joos, Fortunat; Spahni, Renato] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Krummel, Paul; Langenfelds, Ray; Steele, Paul] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Wiedinmyer, Christine] NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [McDonald, Kyle C.; Schroeder, Ronny] CUNY, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Marshall, Julia] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Melton, Joe R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [O'Doherty, Simon] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Patra, Prabir K.] JAMSTEC, Dept Environm Geochem Cycle Res, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec, Inst Environm Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Peters, Glen P.] CICERO, Pb 1129 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. [Prigent, Catherine] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. [Prinn, Ronald] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Bldg 54-1312, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Riley, William J.; Xu, Xiyan] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schroeder, Ronny] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bot, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Takizawa, Atsushi] JMA, Chiyoda Ku, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Tian, Hanqin; Zhang, Bowen] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Voulgarakis, Apostolos] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, Space & Atmospher Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [van Weele, Michiel] KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Earth & Climate Cluster, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Weiss, Ray] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wiltshire, Andy] Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Worthy, Doug] Environm Canada, 4905 Rue Dufferin, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Wunch, Debra] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Zhang, Zhen] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8059 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Zhu, Qiuan] Northwest A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Saunois, M (reprint author), Univ Paris Saclay, LSCE IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM marielle.saunois@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Parmentier, Frans-Jan/D-9022-2013; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; OI Parmentier, Frans-Jan/0000-0003-2952-7706; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Marshall, Julia/0000-0003-2648-128X FU Swiss National Science Foundation; NASA [NNX14AF93G, NNX14AO73G]; National Environmental Science Program - Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub; European Commission [283576, 633080]; ESA Climate Change Initiative Greenhouse Gases Phase 2 project; US Department of Energy, BER [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; FAO member countries; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2-1502]; ERC [322998]; NERC [NE/J00748X/1]; Swedish Research Council VR; Research Council of Norway [244074]; NSF [1243232, 1243220]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); China's QianRen Program; CSIRO Australia; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Australian Antarctic Division; NOAA USA; Meteorological Service of Canada; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) [NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G, NNX11AF17G, NNX07AE87G, NNX07AF09G, NNX11AF15G, NNX11AF16G]; Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) [GA01081]; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO Australia); Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX This collaborative international effort is part of the Global Carbon Project activity to establish and track greenhouse gas budgets and their trends. Fortunat Joos and Renato Spahni acknowledge support by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Heon-Sook Kim and Shamil Maksyutov acknowledge use of the GOSAT Research Computation Facility. Donald R. Blake and Isobel J. Simpson (UCI) acknowledge funding support from NASA. Josep G. Canadell thanks the support from the National Environmental Science Program - Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub. Marielle Saunois and Philippe Bousquet acknowledge the Global Carbon Project for the scientific advice and the computing power of LSCE for data analyses. Peter Bergamaschi and Mihai Alexe acknowledge the support by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) project MACC-II under grant agreement 283576, by the European Commission Horizon2020 Programme project MACC-III under grant agreement 633080, and by the ESA Climate Change Initiative Greenhouse Gases Phase 2 project. William J. Riley and Xiyan Xu acknowledge support by the US Department of Energy, BER, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The FAOSTAT database is supported by regular programme funding from all FAO member countries. Prabir K. Patra is supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-1502) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. David J. Beerling acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced grant (CDREG, 322998) and NERC (NE/J00748X/1). David Bastviken and Patrick Crill acknowledge support from the Swedish Research Council VR. Glen P. Peters acknowledges the support of the Research Council of Norway project 244074. Hanqin Tian and Bowen Zhang acknowledge funding support from NASA (NNX14AF93G; NNX14AO73G) and NSF (1243232; 1243220). Changhui Peng acknowledges the support by National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) discovery grant and China's QianRen Program. The CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology are thanked for their ongoing long-term support of the Cape Grim station and the Cape Grim science programme. The CSIRO flask network is supported by CSIRO Australia, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australian Antarctic Division, NOAA USA, and the Meteorological Service of Canada. The operation of the AGAGE instruments at Mace Head, Trinidad Head, Cape Matatula, Ragged Point, and Cape Grim is supported by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) (grants NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G, and NNX11AF17G to MIT and grants NNX07AE87G, NNX07AF09G, NNX11AF15G, and NNX11AF16G to SIO), the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) contract GA01081 to theUniversity of Bristol, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO Australia), and Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). Nicola Gedney and Andy Wiltshire acknowledge support by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). NR 360 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 83 U2 83 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 697 EP 751 DI 10.5194/essd-8-697-2016 PG 55 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF2HL UT WOS:000390145300001 ER PT J AU Syzranov, SV Wall, ML Zhu, BH Gurarie, V Rey, AM AF Syzranov, Sergey V. Wall, Michael L. Zhu, Bihui Gurarie, Victor Rey, Ana Maria TI Emergent Weyl excitations in systems of polar particles SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; MOLECULES; FERMIONS AB Weyl fermions are massless chiral particles first predicted in 1929 and once thought to describe neutrinos. Although never observed as elementary particles, quasiparticles with Weyl dispersion have recently been experimentally discovered in solid-state systems causing a furore in the research community. Systems with Weyl excitations can display a plethora of fascinating phenomena and offer great potential for improved quantum technologies. Here, we show that Weyl excitations generically exist in three-dimensional systems of dipolar particles with weakly broken time-reversal symmetry (by for example a magnetic field). They emerge as a result of dipolar-interaction-induced transfer of angular momentum between the J = 0 and J = 1 internal particle levels. We also discuss momentum-resolved Ramsey spectroscopy methods for observing Weyl quasiparticles in cold alkaline-earth-atom systems. Our results provide a pathway for a feasible experimental realization of Weyl quasiparticles and related phenomena in clean and controllable atomic systems. C1 [Syzranov, Sergey V.; Zhu, Bihui; Gurarie, Victor; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Syzranov, Sergey V.; Wall, Michael L.; Zhu, Bihui; Gurarie, Victor; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Syzranov, Sergey V.; Wall, Michael L.; Zhu, Bihui; Gurarie, Victor; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Syzranov, Sergey V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wall, Michael L.] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Syzranov, SV; Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Syzranov, SV; Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Syzranov, SV; Rey, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Syzranov, SV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sergey.syzranov@googlemail.com; arey@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NSF [PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844, DMR-1205303]; AFOSR; AFOSR-MURI; NIST; ARO; NRC; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship FX We thank M. Hermele and J. Ye for useful discussions and R. Nandkishore for feedback on the manuscript. This work was supported by the NSF (PIF-1211914, PFC-1125844 and DMR-1205303), AFOSR, AFOSR-MURI, NIST and ARO. MLW thanks the NRC postdoctoral fellowship programme for support. SVS has been also partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD DEC 12 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13543 DI 10.1038/ncomms13543 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4PD UT WOS:000389585000001 PM 27941753 ER PT J AU Stroescu, I Hume, DB Oberthaler, MK AF Stroescu, Ion Hume, David B. Oberthaler, Markus K. TI Dissipative Double-Well Potential for Cold Atoms: Kramers Rate and Stochastic Resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BISTABLE SYSTEMS; PHASE-SHIFTS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; OPTICAL LATTICES; RING LASER; DYNAMICS; COLLISIONS; STATE; WALKS AB We experimentally study particle exchange in a dissipative double-well potential using laser-cooled atoms in a hybrid trap. We measure the particle hopping rate as a function of barrier height, temperature, and atom number. Single-particle resolution allows us to measure rates over more than 4 orders of magnitude and distinguish the effects of loss and hopping. Deviations from the Arrhenius-law scaling at high barrier heights occur due to cold collisions between atoms within a well. By driving the system periodically, we characterize the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in the system response. C1 [Stroescu, Ion; Hume, David B.; Oberthaler, Markus K.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, INF 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hume, David B.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stroescu, I (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, INF 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM dissipative@matterwave.de FU DFG Forschergruppe 760 "Scattering Systems with Complex Dynamics" of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Heidelberg Center for Quantum Dynamics; European Commission FET-Proactive Grant AQuS [640800]; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS-QD) FX We are grateful to P. Hanggi, W. Muessel, H. Strobel, and S. Jochim for discussions stimulating this work. We acknowledge financial support through the DFG Forschergruppe 760 "Scattering Systems with Complex Dynamics" of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Heidelberg Center for Quantum Dynamics, and the European Commission FET-Proactive Grant AQuS (Project No. 640800). I. S. acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS-QD) and D. B. H. from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 24 AR 243005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.243005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EE4MO UT WOS:000389576600009 PM 28009196 ER PT J AU Tiranov, A Strassmann, PC Lavoie, J Brunner, N Huber, M Verma, VB Nam, SW Mirin, RP Lita, AE Marsili, F Afzelius, M Bussieres, F Gisin, N AF Tiranov, Alexey Strassmann, Peter C. Lavoie, Jonathan Brunner, Nicolas Huber, Marcus Verma, Varun B. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. Lita, Adriana E. Marsili, Francesco Afzelius, Mikael Bussieres, Felix Gisin, Nicolas TI Temporal Multimode Storage of Entangled Photon Pairs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; QUANTUM MEMORY; LINEAR OPTICS; LIGHT; COMMUNICATION; REPEATERS; INTERFACE; DISTANCE; FIBER AB Multiplexed quantum memories capable of storing and processing entangled photons are essential for the development of quantum networks. In this context, we demonstrate and certify the simultaneous storage and retrieval of two entangled photons inside a solid-state quantum memory and measure a temporal multimode capacity of ten modes. This is achieved by producing two polarization-entangled pairs from parametric down-conversion and mapping one photon of each pair onto a rare-earth-ion-doped (REID) crystal using the atomic frequency comb (AFC) protocol. We develop a concept of indirect entanglement witnesses, which can be used as Schmidt number witnesses, and we use it to experimentally certify the presence of more than one entangled pair retrieved from the quantum memory. Our work puts forward REID-AFC as a platform compatible with temporal multiplexing of several entangled photon pairs along with a new entanglement certification method, useful for the characterization of multiplexed quantum memories. C1 [Tiranov, Alexey; Strassmann, Peter C.; Lavoie, Jonathan; Huber, Marcus; Afzelius, Mikael; Bussieres, Felix; Gisin, Nicolas] Univ Geneva, Grp Phys Appl, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Brunner, Nicolas] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Huber, Marcus] Austrian Acad Sci, IQOQI, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.; Lita, Adriana E.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gisin, Nicolas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lavoie, Jonathan] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Lavoie, Jonathan] Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt Mol & Quantum Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Lavoie, J (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Grp Phys Appl, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.; Lavoie, J (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.; Lavoie, J (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt Mol & Quantum Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM jlavoie@uoregon.edu RI Huber, Marcus/G-2925-2010; Strassmann, Peter/A-9634-2016; Afzelius, Mikael/N-5825-2016; Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011 OI Huber, Marcus/0000-0003-1985-4623; Strassmann, Peter/0000-0002-6150-7492; Afzelius, Mikael/0000-0001-8367-6820; Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X FU European Research Council (ERC-AG MEC); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P2-138917, AMBIZIONE Z00P2-161351]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the START Project [Y879-N27] FX We thank Marc-Olivier Renou and Marc Maetz for useful discussions, Boris Korzh for help with the detectors, Alban Ferrier and Philippe Goldner for the crystals and Harald Herrmann and Christine Silberhorn for lending one of the nonlinear waveguides. This work was financially supported by the European Research Council (ERC-AG MEC) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). J. L. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). N. B acknowledges Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. PP00P2-138917 and Starting grant DIAQ). M. H would like to acknowledge funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (AMBIZIONE Z00P2-161351) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the START Project Y879-N27. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 117 IS 24 AR 240506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.240506 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EE4MO UT WOS:000389576600001 PM 28009181 ER PT J AU Gray, AE Williams, ID Stamoulis, KA Boland, RC Lino, KC Hauk, BB Leonard, JC Rooney, JJ Asher, JM Lopes, KH Kosaki, RK AF Gray, Andrew E. Williams, Ivor D. Stamoulis, Kostantinos A. Boland, Raymond C. Lino, Kevin C. Hauk, Brian B. Leonard, Jason C. Rooney, John J. Asher, Jacob M. Lopes, Keolohilani H., Jr. Kosaki, Randall K. TI Comparison of Reef Fish Survey Data Gathered by Open and Closed Circuit SCUBA Divers Reveals Differences in Areas With Higher Fishing Pressure SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER VISUAL SURVEYS; FLIGHT INITIATION DISTANCE; MARINE PROTECTED AREA; BREATHING APPARATUS; STRIP TRANSECT; CORAL-REEFS; IMPACTS; DENSITY; BIOMASS; SPEAR AB Visual survey by divers using open-circuit (OC) SCUBA is the most widely used approach to survey coral reef fishes. Therefore, it is important to quantify sources of bias in OC surveys, such as the possibility that avoidance of OC divers by fishes can lead to undercounting in areas where targeted species have come to associate divers with a risk of being speared. One potential way to reduce diver avoidance is to utilize closed circuit rebreathers (CCRs), which do not produce the noise and bubbles that are a major source of disturbance associated with OC diving. For this study, we conducted 66 paired OC and CCR fish surveys in the Main Hawaiian Islands at locations with relatively high, moderate, and light fishing pressure. We found no significant differences in biomass estimates between OC and CCR surveys when data were pooled across all sites, however there were differences at the most heavily fished location, Oahu. There, biomass estimates from OC divers were significantly lower for several targeted fish groups, including surgeonfishes, targeted wrasses, and snappers, as well as for all targeted fishes combined, with mean OC biomass between 32 and 68% of mean CCR biomass. There were no clear differences between OC and CCR biomass estimates for these groups at sites with moderate or low fishing pressure, or at any location for other targeted fish groups, including groupers, parrotfishes, and goatfishes. Bias associated with avoidance of OC divers at heavily fished locations could be substantially reduced, or at least calibrated for, by utilization of CCR. In addition to being affected by fishing pressure, the extent to which avoidance of OC divers is problematic for visual surveys varies greatly among taxa, and is likely to be highly influenced by the survey methodology and dimensions used. C1 [Gray, Andrew E.; Williams, Ivor D.; Lino, Kevin C.; Rooney, John J.; Asher, Jacob M.] NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Ecosyst Sci Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gray, Andrew E.; Lino, Kevin C.; Rooney, John J.; Asher, Jacob M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stamoulis, Kostantinos A.; Asher, Jacob M.] Curtin Univ, Dept Environm & Agr, Perth, WA, Australia. [Stamoulis, Kostantinos A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Boland, Raymond C.] NOAA, Ecosyst Sci Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hauk, Brian B.; Leonard, Jason C.; Kosaki, Randall K.] NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI USA. [Lopes, Keolohilani H., Jr.] Univ Hawaii, Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Gray, AE; Williams, ID (reprint author), NOAA, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Ecosyst Sci Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Gray, AE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM andrew.e.gray@noaa.gov; ivor.williams@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center FX Funding for surveys and to support program operation were provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov) and by NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167724 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167724 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4PU UT WOS:000389587100164 PM 27936044 ER PT J AU Michels, T Rangelow, IW Aksyuk, V AF Michels, Thomas Rangelow, Ivo W. Aksyuk, Vladimir TI Fabrication Process for an Optomechanical Transducer Platform with Integrated Actuation SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFM; bulk micromachining; optomechanics; surface micromachining ID LIMIT AB This article reports a process for batch fabrication of a fiber pigtailed optomechanical transducer platform with overhanging. The platform enables a new class of high bandwidth, high sensitivity, and highly integrated sensors that are, compact, robust, and small, with the potential potential for low cost batch fabrication inherent in Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-Systems technology. This article provides a guide to the whole fabrication process and explains critical steps and process choices in detail. Possible alternative fabrication techniques and problems are discussed. The fabrication process consists of electron beam lithography, i-line stepper lithography, and back-and frontside mask aligner lithography. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive description of the fabrication process, presenting context and details which are highly relevant to the rational implementation and reliable repetition of the process. Moreover, this process makes use of equipment commonly found in nanofabrication facilities and research laboratories, facilitating the broad adaptation and application of the process. Therefore, while this article specifically informs users of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we anticipate that this information will be generally useful for the nano- and microfabrication research communities at large. C1 [Michels, Thomas; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Michels, Thomas; Rangelow, Ivo W.] Ilmenau Univ Technol, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. RP Michels, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Michels, T (reprint author), Ilmenau Univ Technol, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. EM thomas.michels@nist.gov; ivo.rangelow@tu-ilmenau.de; vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 8 PY 2016 VL 121 BP 507 EP 536 DI 10.6028/jres.121.028 PG 30 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EF9OY UT WOS:000390660700001 ER PT J AU Ritzert, NL Moffat, TP AF Ritzert, Nicole L. Moffat, Thomas P. TI Ultramicroelectrode Studies of Self-Terminated Nickel Electrodeposition and Nickel Hydroxide Formation upon Water Reduction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; VITREOUS CARBON; DEPOSIT MORPHOLOGY; OXYGEN REDUCTION; NI DEPOSITION; SURFACE PH; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; PLATINUM AB The interaction between electrodeposition of Ni and electrolyte breakdown, namely, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via H3O+ and H2O reduction, was investigated under well-defined mass transport conditions using ultra-microelectrodes (UMEs) coupled with optical imaging, generation/collection scanning electrochemical microscopy, and preliminary microscale pH measurements. For 5 mmol/L NiCl2 + 0.1 mol/L NaCl, pH 3.0, electrolytes, the voltammetric current at modest overpotentials, i.e., between -0.6 and -1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl, was distributed between metal deposition and H3O+ reduction, with both reactions reaching mass transport-limited current values. At more negative potentials, an unusual sharp current spike appeared upon the onset of H2O reduction that was accompanied by a transient increase in H-2 production. The peak potential of the current spike was a function of both [Ni(H2O)(6)](2+)(aq) concentration and pH. The sharp rise in current was ascribed to the onset of autocatalytic H2O reduction, where electrochemically generated OH species induce heterogeneous nucleation of Ni(OH)(2)(ads) islands, the perimeter of which is reportedly active for H2O reduction. As the layer coalesces, further metal deposition is quenched while H2O reduction continues, albeit at a decreased rate as fewer of the most reactive sites, e.g., Ni/Ni(OH)(2) island edges, are available. At potentials below -1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl, H2O reduction is accelerated, leading to homogeneous precipitation of bulk Ni(OH)(2)xH(2)O within the nearly hemispherical diffusion layer of the UME. C1 [Ritzert, Nicole L.; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ritzert, NL; Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicole.ritzert@nist.gov; thomas.moffat@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-National Research Council research associateship program FX N.L.R acknowledges the National Institute of Standards and Technology-National Research Council research associateship program for a postdoctoral fellowship, Maureen Williams for performing SEM and EDX measurements, Carlos Beauchamp for assistance with the Summit camera, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology for use of the Raman microscope. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 8 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 48 BP 27478 EP 27489 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10006 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EE5DF UT WOS:000389624400041 PM 28217241 ER PT J AU Wren, JLK Kobayashi, DR Jia, Y Toonen, RJ AF Wren, Johanna L. K. Kobayashi, Donald R. Jia, Yanli Toonen, Robert J. TI Modeled Population Connectivity across the Hawaiian Archipelago SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE POPULATIONS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BUILDING CORAL; JOHNSTON ATOLL; OCEAN CURRENTS; F-STATISTICS; IN-SITU AB We present the first comprehensive estimate of connectivity of passive pelagic particles released from coral reef habitat throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Potential connectivity is calculated using a Lagrangian particle transport model coupled offline with currents generated by an oceanographic circulation model, MITgcm. The connectivity matrices show a surprising degree of self-recruitment and directional dispersal towards the northwest, from the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). We identify three predicted connectivity breaks in the archipelago, that is, areas in the mid and northern part of the archipelago that have limited connections with surrounding islands and reefs. Predicted regions of limited connectivity generally match observed patterns of genetic structure reported for coral reef species in the uninhabited NWHI, but multiple genetic breaks observed in the inhabited MHI are not explained by passive dispersal. The better congruence in our modeling results based on physical transport of passive particles in the low-lying atolls of the uninhabited NWHI, but not in the anthropogenically impacted high islands of the MHI begs the question: what ultimately controls connectivity in this system? C1 [Wren, Johanna L. K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wren, Johanna L. K.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kobayashi, Donald R.] NOAA, Ecosyst & Oceanog Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Jia, Yanli] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wren, JLK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Wren, JLK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jwren@hawaii.edu OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU NSF [OCE12-60169]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/SS-13]; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4170071]; [NIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-13-16] FX This paper was funded by NSF (OCE12-60169), and in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project R/SS-13, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA14OAR4170071 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce (for RJT and JLKW). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOM or any of its subagencies This is Sea Grant contribution UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-13-16, SOEST contribution number 9638 and contribution number 1661 from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. NR 112 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 8 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR e0167626 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0167626 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE4OA UT WOS:000389580900032 PM 27930680 ER PT J AU Ryou, JH Gorman, JJ AF Ryou, Jeong Hoon Gorman, Jason J. TI Mode selection for electrostatic beam resonators based on motional resistance and quality factor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEMS; DISSIPATION; SYSTEMS AB An analytical comparison between the fundamental mode and higher modes of vibration for an electrostatic beam resonator is presented. Multiple mode numbers can be matched to a desired resonance frequency through appropriate scaling. Therefore, it is important to determine which mode yields the best performance. A dynamic model of the resonator is derived and then used to determine the motional resistance for each mode. The resulting equation provides the basis for comparing performance between modes using motional resistance and quality factor. As a demonstration of the approach, a quality factor model that has been previously validated experimentally is introduced. Numerical results for silicon resonators indicate that the fundamental mode can provide a lower motional resistance and higher quality factor when the resonators under comparison have the same aspect ratio or the same stiffness. C1 [Ryou, Jeong Hoon; Gorman, Jason J.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ryou, Jeong Hoon] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, GG Brown Lab, 2350 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gorman, JJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gorman@nist.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 21 AR 214501 DI 10.1063/1.4971249 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA EF8TN UT WOS:000390602600020 ER PT J AU Frieberg, BR Page, KA Graybill, JR Walker, ML Stafford, CM Stafford, GR Soles, CL AF Frieberg, Bradley R. Page, Kirt A. Graybill, Joshua R. Walker, Marlon L. Stafford, Christopher M. Stafford, Gery R. Soles, Christopher L. TI Mechanical Response of Thermally Annealed Nafion Thin Films SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Nafion; thin film; mechanical properties; cantilever bending; thermal annealing; swelling stress ID FUEL-CELL MEMBRANES; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; HYDRATION CYCLES; WATER TRANSPORT; LIQUID WATER; TEMPERATURE; CONFINEMENT; INTERFACE AB Perfluorinated ionomers, in particular, Nafion, are a critical component in hydrogen fuel cells as the ion conducting binder within the catalyst layer in which it can be confined to thicknesses on the order of 10 nm or less. It is well reported that many physical properties, such as the Young's modulus, are thickness dependent when the film thickness is less than 100 nm. Here we utilize a cantilever bending methodology to quantify the swelling-induced stresses and relevant mechanical properties of Nafion films as a function of film thickness exposed to cyclic humidity. We observe a factor of 5 increase in the Young's modulus in films thinner than 50 nm and show how this increased stiffness translates to reduced swelling or hydration. The swelling stress was found to increase by a factor of 2 for films approximately 40 nm thick. We demonstrate that thermal annealing enhances the modulus at all film thicknesses and correlate these mechanical changes to chemical changes in the infrared absorption spectra. C1 [Frieberg, Bradley R.; Page, Kirt A.; Graybill, Joshua R.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Stafford, Gery R.; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Marlon L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Page, Kirt A.] Amer Embassy Sch, New Delhi 110021, India. RP Frieberg, BR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bradley.frieberg@nist.gov FU NIST NRC Fellowship program; NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Carlos Beauchamp for programming support of the experimental apparatus. B.R.F. acknowledges support from the NIST NRC Fellowship program. J.R.G. acknowledges the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship for financial support. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 7 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 48 BP 33240 EP 33249 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b12423 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EE5DH UT WOS:000389624600070 PM 27934151 ER PT J AU Maier, RA Johnston-Peck, AC Donohue, MP AF Maier, Russell A. Johnston-Peck, Aaron C. Donohue, Matthew P. TI (Magic Dopant) Amphoteric Behavior of a Redox-Active Transition Metal Ion in a Perovskite Lattice: New Insights on the Lattice Site Occupation of Manganese in SrTiO3 SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RARE-EARTH CATIONS; HIGH-FIELD EPR; SR-TI-O; BARIUM-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; RESISTANCE DEGRADATION AB It is demonstrated that a transition metal redox-active ion can exhibit amphoteric dopant substitution in the SrTiO3 perovskite lattice. In stoichiometric SrTiO3, the manganese dopant is preferably accommodated through isovalent substitution as Mn2+ on the strontium site and as Mn4+ on the titanium site. Previous studies have suggested that either type of substitution is possible for compositions with tailored Sr/Ti stoichiometry. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the site occupancy of dilute concentrations of manganese is investigated in SrTiO3 as a function of the Sr/Ti ratio. The tuned Sr/Ti ratio can be used to manipulate the nature of the manganese substitution, and it is shown that Sr-rich compositions (Sr/Ti > 1.001) processed in air result in B-site isovalent doping. For B-site substituted manganese ions, a new EPR signal for aliovalent Mn2+ is observed in compositions annealed under reducing atmosphere. The concentration of oxygen vacancies observed with EPR is also shown to depend on the Sr/Ti stoichiometry. With improved control over the site of substitution and valence state, doping with a transition metal redox-active ion may facilitate the ability to engineer new electronic functionality into the perovskite lattice. C1 [Maier, Russell A.; Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donohue, Matthew P.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donohue, Matthew P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Maier, RA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.maier@nist.gov RI Maier, Russell/E-2358-2011 OI Maier, Russell/0000-0003-4024-589X FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Veronika Szalai and Dr. Igor Levin for their expertise and thoughtful discussion. The authors would like to thank Maureen E. Williams with her assistance collecting SEM images. Dr. Donohue acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 26 IS 45 BP 8325 EP 8333 DI 10.1002/adfm.201602156 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EF1WU UT WOS:000390116600017 ER PT J AU Lychagov, VV Shemetov, AA Jimenez, R Verkhusha, VV AF Lychagov, Vladislav V. Shemetov, Anton A. Jimenez, Ralph Verkhusha, Vladislav V. TI Microfluidic System for In-Flow Reversible Photoswitching of Near Infrared Fluorescent Proteins SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION RESOLUTION LIMIT; BACTERIAL PHYTOCHROMES; CELL SORTER; MICROSCOPY; LIGHT; BREAKING AB We have developed a microfluidic flow cytometry system to screen reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins for contrast and stability of reversible photoconversion between high- and low-fluorescent states. A two-color array of 20 excitation and deactivation beams generated with diffractive optics was combined with a serpentine microfluidic channel geometry designed to provide five cycles of photoswitching with real-time calculation of photoconversion fluorescence contrast. The characteristics of photoswitching in-flow as a function of excitation and deactivation beam fluence, flow speed, and protein concentration were studied with droplets of the bacterial phytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans (DrBphP), which is wealdy fluorescent in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range. In agreement with measurements on stationary droplets and HeLa S3 mammalian cells expressing DrBphP, optimized operation of the flow system provided up to 50% photoconversion contrast in-flow at a droplet rate of few hertz and a coefficient of variation (CV) of up to 2% over 10 000 events. The methods for calibrating the brightness and photoswitching measurements in microfluidic flow established here provide a basis for screening of cell-based libraries of reversibly switchable NIR fluorescent proteins. C1 [Lychagov, Vladislav V.; Shemetov, Anton A.; Verkhusha, Vladislav V.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Lychagov, Vladislav V.; Shemetov, Anton A.; Verkhusha, Vladislav V.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Gruss Lipper Biophoton Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Verkhusha, Vladislav V.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Biochem & Dev Biol, Fac Med, Helsinki 00029, Finland. RP Verkhusha, VV (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.; Verkhusha, VV (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Gruss Lipper Biophoton Ctr, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.; Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Verkhusha, VV (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Biochem & Dev Biol, Fac Med, Helsinki 00029, Finland. EM rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu; vladislav.verkhusha@einstein.yu.edu FU U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM108579, GM105997]; EU FP7 program [ERC-2013-ADG-340233] FX We thank Janne Ihalainen (University of Jyvaskyla, Finland) for the DrBphP gene, Clark Lagarias (University of California at Davis) and Richard Vierstra (University of Wisconsin at Madison) for the plasmids for production of biliverdin in bacteria, and Brett Fiedler OILA, University of Colorado at Boulder) for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the GM108579 and GM105997 grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and by Grant No. ERC-2013-ADG-340233 from the EU FP7 program (to V.V.V.). R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 23 BP 11821 EP 11829 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03499 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EE4FE UT WOS:000389556900079 PM 27807973 ER PT J AU Forstater, JH Briggs, K Robertson, JWF Ettedgui, J Marie-Rose, O Vaz, C Kasianowicz, JJ Tabard-Cossa, V Balijepalli, A AF Forstater, Jacob H. Briggs, Kyle Robertson, Joseph W. F. Ettedgui, Jessica Marie-Rose, Olivier Vaz, Canute Kasianowicz, John J. Tabard-Cossa, Vincent Balijepalli, Arvind TI MOSAIC: A Modular Single-Molecule Analysis Interface for Decoding Multistate Nanopore Data SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORES; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; ACCURATE DATA PROCESS; ION-CHANNEL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; BIOLOGICAL NANOPORE; DNA TRANSLOCATION; MEMBRANE CHANNEL AB Biological and solid-state nanometer-scale pores are the basis for numerous emerging analytical technologies for use in precision medicine. We developed Modular Single Molecule Analysis Interface (MOSAIC), an open source analysis software that improves the accuracy and throughput of nanopore-based measurements. Two key algorithms are implemented: ADEPT, which uses a physical model of the nanopore system to characterize short-lived events that do not reach their steady-state current, and CUSUM+, a version of the cumulative sum statistical method optimized for longer events that do. We show that ADEPT detects previously unreported conductance states that occur as double-stranded DNA translocates through a 2.4 nm solid-state nanopore and reveals new interactions between short single-stranded DNA and the vestibule of a biological pore. These findings demonstrate the utility of MOSAIC and the ADEPT algorithm, and offer a new tool that can improve the analysis of nanopore-based measurements. C1 [Forstater, Jacob H.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Ettedgui, Jessica; Vaz, Canute; Kasianowicz, John J.; Balijepalli, Arvind] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forstater, Jacob H.; Ettedgui, Jessica] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Briggs, Kyle; Tabard-Cossa, Vincent] Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6NS, Canada. [Marie-Rose, Olivier] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balijepalli, A (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arvind.balijepalli@nist.gov FU National Human Genome Research Initiative [R01HG007415]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC; Vanier CGS program FX This work was supported in part by Grant R01HG007415 from the National Human Genome Research Initiative (J.J.K) and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). K.B. acknowledges the financial support provided by NSERC and the Vanier CGS program for postgraduate fellowships. We gratefully acknowledge the Ju Laboratory (Columbia University) for providing the preheptamerized alpha-hemolysin used in some of these studies. We thank the numerous research groups who provided feedback on the software during its development. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 88 IS 23 BP 11900 EP 11907 DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03725 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EE4FE UT WOS:000389556900089 PM 27797501 ER PT J AU Bonin, TA Newman, JF Klein, PM Chilson, PB Wharton, S AF Bonin, Timothy A. Newman, Jennifer F. Klein, Petra M. Chilson, Phillip B. Wharton, Sonia TI Improvement of vertical velocity statistics measured by a Doppler lidar through comparison with sonic anemometer observations SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; WIND LIDARS; 4TH-ORDER MOMENTS; WATER-VAPOR; RAMAN LIDAR; URBAN AREA AB Since turbulence measurements from Doppler lidars are being increasingly used within wind energy and boundary-layer meteorology, it is important to assess and improve the accuracy of these observations. While turbulent quantities are measured by Doppler lidars in several different ways, the simplest and most frequently used statistic is vertical velocity variance ((w'(2)) over bar) from zenith stares. However, the competing effects of signal noise and resolution volume limitations, which respectively increase and decrease (w'(2)) over bar, reduce the accuracy of these measurements. Herein, an established method that utilises the autocovariance of the signal to remove noise is evaluated and its skill in correcting for volume-averaging effects in the calculation of (w'(2)) over bar is also assessed. Additionally, this autocovariance technique is further refined by defining the amount of lag time to use for the most accurate estimates of (w'(2)) over bar. Through comparison of observations from two Doppler lidars and sonic anemometers on a 300m tower, the autocovariance technique is shown to generally improve estimates of (w'(2)) over bar. After the autocovariance technique is applied, values of (w'(2)) over bar from the Doppler lidars are generally in close agreement (R-2 approximate to 0.95-0.98) with those calculated from sonic anemometer measurements. C1 [Bonin, Timothy A.; Newman, Jennifer F.; Klein, Petra M.; Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Klein, Petra M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wharton, Sonia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bonin, Timothy A.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Bonin, Timothy A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Newman, Jennifer F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Bonin, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Bonin, TA (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Bonin, TA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM timothy.bonin@noaa.gov RI Klein, Petra/G-1894-2012; Bonin, Timothy /C-9125-2016 OI Klein, Petra/0000-0003-2943-7831; Bonin, Timothy /0000-0001-7679-2890 FU Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory FX We acknowledge NOAA ESRL and NCAR for all the support in deploying the instruments during LATTE and for allowing this experiment to be conducted at the BAO site. We thank Andreas Muschinski, Lucas Root, and Shiril Tichkule for their assistance in installing and maintaining the sonic anemometers on the tower. Input and comments from David Turner and Alan Shapiro were very helpful. This work was supported by funding from the Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Faculty Fellowship Program, and NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5833 EP 5852 DI 10.5194/amt-9-5833-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED9RM UT WOS:000389210300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, LM Wu, ZY Cheng, I Wright, LP Olson, ML Gay, DA Risch, MR Brooks, S Castro, MS Conley, GD Edgerton, ES Holsen, TM Luke, W Tordon, R Weiss-Penzias, P AF Zhang, Leiming Wu, Zhiyong Cheng, Irene Wright, L. Paige Olson, Mark L. Gay, David A. Risch, Martin R. Brooks, Steven Castro, Mark S. Conley, Gary D. Edgerton, Eric S. Holsen, Thomas M. Luke, Winston Tordon, Robert Weiss-Penzias, Peter TI The Estimated Six-Year Mercury Dry Deposition Across North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; PARTICULATE MERCURY; NATURAL SOURCES; UNITED-STATES; NETWORK; MARINE; MODELS; LITTERFALL; EASTERN; CANADA AB Dry deposition of atmospheric mercury (Hg) to various land covers surrounding 24 sites in North America was estimated for the years 2009 to 2014. Depending on location, multiyear mean annual Hg dry deposition was estimated to range from 5.1 to 23.8 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to forested canopies, 2.6 to 20.8 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to nonforest vegetated canopies, 2.4 to 11.2 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to urban and built up land covers, and 1.0 to 3.2 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) to water surfaces. In the rural or remote environment in North America, annual Hg dry deposition to vegetated surfaces is dominated by leaf uptake of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), contrary to what was commonly assumed in earlier studies which frequently omitted GEM dry deposition as an important process. Dry deposition exceeded wet deposition by a large margin in all of the seasons except in the summer at the majority of the sites. GEM dry deposition over vegetated surfaces will not decrease at the same pace, and sometimes may even increase with decreasing anthropogenic emissions, suggesting that Hg emission reductions should be a long-term policy sustained by global cooperation. C1 [Zhang, Leiming; Wu, Zhiyong; Cheng, Irene] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Olson, Mark L.; Gay, David A.] Univ Illinois, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. [Risch, Martin R.] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Brooks, Steven] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Castro, Mark S.] Univ Maryland, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Conley, Gary D.] GreenReach LLC, Glouster, OH 45732 USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Holsen, Thomas M.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Luke, Winston] NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tordon, Robert] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Weiss-Penzias, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Zhang, LM (reprint author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM leiming.zhang@canada.ca RI Castro, Mark/J-6529-2015 OI Castro, Mark/0000-0002-4279-8204 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 23 BP 12864 EP 12873 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04276 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE4FG UT WOS:000389557100039 PM 27934281 ER PT J AU Lyrnan, S Jones, C O'Neil, T Allen, T Miller, M Gustin, MS Pierce, AM Luke, W Ren, XR Kelley, P AF Lyrnan, Seth Jones, Colleen O'Neil, Trevor Allen, Tanner Miller, Matthieu Gustin, Mae Sexauer Pierce, Ashley M. Luke, Winston Ren, Xinrong Kelley, Paul TI Automated Calibration of Atmospheric Oxidized Mercury Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERE; OXIDATION; DENUDERS; AEROSOLS; RAMIX; AIR AB The atmosphere is an important reservoir for mercury pollution, and understanding of oxidation processes is essential to elucidating the fate of atmospheric mercury. Several recent studies have shown that a low bias exists in a widely applied method for atmospheric oxidized mercury measurements. We developed an automated, permeation tube-based calibrator for elemental and oxidized mercury, and we integrated this calibrator with atmospheric mercury instrumentation (Tekran 2537/1130/1135 speciation systems) in Reno, Nevada and at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, U.S.A. While the calibrator has limitations, it was able to routinely inject stable amounts of HgCl2 and HgBr2 into atmospheric mercury measurement systems over periods of several months. In Reno, recovery of injected mercury compounds as gaseous oxidized mercury (as opposed to elemental mercury) decreased with increasing specific humidity, as has been shown in other studies, although this trend was not observed at Mauna Loa, likely due to differences in atmospheric chemistry at the two locations. Recovery of injected mercury compounds as oxidized mercury was greater in Mauna Loa than in Reno, and greater still for a cation-exchange membrane-based measurement system. These results show that routine calibration of atmospheric measurements is both feasible and necessary. oxidized mercury measurements is both feasible and necessary. C1 [Lyrnan, Seth; Jones, Colleen; O'Neil, Trevor; Allen, Tanner] Utah State Univ, Bingham Res Ctr, Vernal, UT 84322 USA. [Miller, Matthieu] Macquarie Univ, N Ryde, NSW, Australia. [Miller, Matthieu; Gustin, Mae Sexauer; Pierce, Ashley M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Luke, Winston; Ren, Xinrong; Kelley, Paul] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ren, Xinrong; Kelley, Paul] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lyrnan, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Bingham Res Ctr, Vernal, UT 84322 USA. EM seth.lyman@usu.edu RI Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [1324781]; Utah Science, Technology and Research Initiative FX We are grateful to the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant 1324781) and the Utah Science, Technology and Research Initiative for funding this work. We are also grateful to NOAA staff for facilitating the deployment of the calibrator at Mauna Loa Observatory. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 50 IS 23 BP 12921 EP 12927 DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b04211 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE4FG UT WOS:000389557100045 ER PT J AU Roxworthy, BJ Aksyuk, VA AF Roxworthy, Brian J. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. TI Nanomechanical motion transduction with a scalable localized gap plasmon architecture SO Nature Communications LA English DT Article ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; NANOSTRUCTURES; ANTENNAS AB Plasmonic structures couple oscillating electromagnetic fields to conduction electrons in noble metals and thereby can confine optical-frequency excitations at nanometre scales. This confinement both facilitates miniaturization of nanophotonic devices and makes their response highly sensitive to mechanical motion. Mechanically coupled plasmonic devices thus hold great promise as building blocks for next-generation reconfigurable optics and metasurfaces. However, a flexible approach for accurately batch-fabricating high-performance plasmomechanical devices is currently lacking. Here we introduce an architecture integrating individual plasmonic structures with precise, nanometre features into tunable mechanical resonators. The localized gap plasmon resonators strongly couple light and mechanical motion within a three-dimensional, sub-diffraction volume, yielding large quality factors and record optomechanical coupling strength of 2 THz center dot nm(-1). Utilizing these features, we demonstrate sensitive and spatially localized optical transduction of mechanical motion with a noise floor of 6 fm center dot Hz(-1/2), representing a 1.5 orders of magnitude improvement over existing localized plasmomechanical systems. C1 [Roxworthy, Brian J.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Roxworthy, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.roxworthy@nist.gov OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 13746 DI 10.1038/ncomms13746 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED9HP UT WOS:000389181100001 PM 27922019 ER PT J AU Heron, SF Maynard, JA van Hooidonk, R Eakin, CM AF Heron, Scott F. Maynard, Jeffrey A. van Hooidonk, Ruben Eakin, C. Mark TI Warming Trends and Bleaching Stress of the World's Coral Reefs 1985-2012 SO Scientific Reports LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-STRESS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; INDIAN-OCEAN; FUTURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; EVENTS AB Coral reefs across the world's oceans are in the midst of the longest bleaching event on record (from 2014 to at least 2016). As many of the world's reefs are remote, there is limited information on how past thermal conditions have influenced reef composition and current stress responses. Using satellite temperature data for 1985-2012, the analysis we present is the first to quantify, for global reef locations, spatial variations in warming trends, thermal stress events and temperature variability at reef-scale (-4 km). Among over 60,000 reef pixels globally, 97% show positive SST trends during the study period with 60% warming significantly. Annual trends exceeded summertime trends at most locations. This indicates that the period of summer-like temperatures has become longer through the record, with a corresponding shortening of the 'winter' reprieve from warm temperatures. The frequency of bleaching-level thermal stress increased three-fold between 1985-91 and 2006-12 -a trend climate model projections suggest will continue. The thermal history data products developed enable needed studies relating thermal history to bleaching resistance and community composition. Such analyses can help identify reefs more resilient to thermal stress. C1 [Heron, Scott F.; Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Ct,E-RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] SymbioSeas & Marine Appl Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] CNRS EPHE UPVD, CRIOBE, USR 3278, Lab Excellence CORAIL, 58 Ave Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Heron, SF (reprint author), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Ct,E-RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Heron, SF (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; Heron, SF (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM scott.heron@noaa.gov RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) via the U.S. National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; NOAA CRCP; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); Total Foundation (Fondation Total) FX This study was primarily funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) via the U.S. National Fish and Wildlife Foundation awarded to SFH and JAM. G Liu, J De La Cour and E Geiger co-developed the NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) webpages that contain static and interactive maps of the thermal history metrics presented here. The NOAA CRCP and National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) support the NOAA CRW team. Figures were collaboratively developed with D Tracey. The Total Foundation (Fondation Total) is providing financial support to ongoing analyses using thermal history data layers to identify reefs potentially more resilient to climate change. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 165 U2 165 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD DEC 6 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 38402 DI 10.1038/srep38402 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE0BV UT WOS:000389239400001 PM 27922080 ER PT J AU Prada, C Hanna, B Budd, AF Woodley, CM Schmutz, J Grimwood, J Iglesias-Prieto, R Pandolfi, JM Levitan, D Johnson, KG Knowlton, N Kitano, H DeGiorgio, M Medina, M AF Prada, Carlos Hanna, Bishoy Budd, Ann F. Woodley, Cheryl M. Schmutz, Jeremy Grimwood, Jane Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto Pandolfi, John M. Levitan, Don Johnson, Kenneth G. Knowlton, Nancy Kitano, Hiroaki DeGiorgio, Michael Medina, Monica TI Empty Niches after Extinctions Increase Population Sizes of Modern Corals SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES COMPLEX; REEF CORALS; DIVERSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; IMPACTS AB Large environmental fluctuations often cause mass extinctions, extirpating species and transforming communities [1, 2]. While the effects on community structure are evident in the fossil record, demographic consequences for populations of individual species are harder to evaluate because fossils reveal relative, but not absolute, abundances. However, genomic analyses of living species that have survived a mass extinction event offer the potential for understanding the demographic effects of such environmental fluctuations on extant species. Here, we show how environmental variation since the Pliocene has shaped demographic changes in extant corals of the genus Orbicella, major extant reef builders in the Caribbean that today are endangered. We use genomic approaches to estimate previously unknown current and past population sizes over the last 3 million years. Populations of all three Orbicella declined around 2-1 million years ago, coincident with the extinction of at least 50% of Caribbean coral species. The estimated changes in population size are consistent across the three species despite their ecological differences. Subsequently, two shallow-water specialists expanded their population sizes at least 2-fold, over a time that overlaps with the disappearance of their sister competitor species O. nancyi (the organ-pipe Orbicella). Our study suggests that populations of Orbicella species are capable of rebounding from reductions in population size under suitable conditions and that the effective population size of modern corals provides rich standing genetic variation for corals to adapt to climate change. For conservation genetics, our study suggests the need to evaluate genetic variation under appropriate demographic models. C1 [Prada, Carlos; Hanna, Bishoy; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto; DeGiorgio, Michael; Medina, Monica] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Budd, Ann F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Lab, NCCOS, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy; Grimwood, Jane] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias del Mar & Limnol, Quintana Roo 77580, Cancun, Mexico. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Levitan, Don] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Johnson, Kenneth G.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Earth Sci, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kitano, Hiroaki] Syst Biol Inst, Falcon Bldg 5F, Tokyo 1080071, Japan. [Prada, Carlos; Medina, Monica] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521 USA. RP Prada, C; DeGiorgio, M; Medina, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Prada, C; Medina, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521 USA. EM pradac@si.edu; mum55@psu.edu; mxd60@psu.edu OI Kamel, Bishoy/0000-0003-2934-3827 FU Department of Biology at The Pennsylvania State University; NSF [OCE 1442206, IOS 0644438]; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [CRCP 30022, CDHC 1133]; Hudson Alpha; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Cannon Foundation FX Our project was supported with startup funds by The Department of Biology at The Pennsylvania State University, NSF grants: OCE 1442206 and IOS 0644438, NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP 30022, CDHC 1133), Hudson Alpha, The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and The Cannon Foundation. C.P. has been supported by the Earl S. Tupper Fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. We thank the governments of Panama, Mexico, and the USA for granting permits for coral collections. We thank Michele Weber, Mary Alice Coffroth, Anastasia Banaszak, and Shinichi Sunagawa for field assistance. We thank Tom Capo and Phil Gillette for keeping coral genome colony stocks at coral hatchery at the University of Miami. The CyberSTAR cluster at Pennsylvania State University provided computing resources. All our procedures are in agreement with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of The Pennsylvania State University. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 24 U2 24 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 5 PY 2016 VL 26 IS 23 BP 3190 EP 3194 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.039 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA EE4QS UT WOS:000389590500025 PM 27866895 ER PT J AU Cox, KC Greve, GP Wu, BC Thompson, JK AF Cox, Kevin C. Greve, Graham P. Wu, Baochen Thompson, James K. TI Spatially homogeneous entanglement for matter-wave interferometry created with time-averaged measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STANDARD QUANTUM LIMIT; ATOMIC CLOCK; NOISE AB We demonstrate a method to generate spatially homogeneous entangled, spin-squeezed states of atoms appropriate for maintaining a large amount of squeezing even after release into the arm of a matter-wave interferometer or other free-space quantum sensor. Using an effective intracavity dipole trap, we allow atoms to move along the cavity axis and time average their coupling to the standing wave used to generate entanglement via collective measurements, demonstrating 11(1) dB of directly observed spin squeezing. Our results show that time averaging in collective measurements can greatly reduce the impact of spatially inhomogeneous coupling to the measurement apparatus. C1 [Cox, Kevin C.; Greve, Graham P.; Wu, Baochen; Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cox, KC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from NIST, DARPA QuASAR, ARO, and NSF. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844 Physics Frontier Center. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 94 IS 6 AR 061601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.061601 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA ED7EB UT WOS:000389023800001 ER PT J AU Dunne, EM Gordon, H Kurten, A Almeida, J Duplissy, J Williamson, C Ortega, IK Pringle, KJ Adamov, A Baltensperger, U Barmet, P Benduhn, F Bianchi, F Breitenlechner, M Clarke, A Curtius, J Dommen, J Donahue, NM Ehrhart, S Flagan, RC Franchin, A Guida, R Hakala, J Hansel, A Heinritzi, M Jokinen, T Kangasluoma, J Kirkby, J Kulmala, M Kupc, A Lawler, MJ Lehtipalo, K Makhmutov, V Mann, G Mathot, S Merikanto, J Miettinen, P Nenes, A Onnela, A Rap, A Reddington, CLS Riccobono, F Richards, NAD Rissanen, MP Rondo, L Sarnela, N Schobesberger, S Sengupta, K Simon, M Sipilaa, M Smith, JN Stozkhov, Y Tome, A Trostl, J Wagner, PE Wimmer, D Winkler, PM Worsnop, DR Carslaw, KS AF Dunne, Eimear M. Gordon, Hamish Kuerten, Andreas Almeida, Joao Duplissy, Jonathan Williamson, Christina Ortega, Ismael K. Pringle, Kirsty J. Adamov, Alexey Baltensperger, Urs Barmet, Peter Benduhn, Francois Bianchi, Federico Breitenlechner, Martin Clarke, Antony Curtius, Joachim Dommen, Josef Donahue, Neil M. Ehrhart, Sebastian Flagan, Richard C. Franchin, Alessandro Guida, Roberto Hakala, Jani Hansel, Armin Heinritzi, Martin Jokinen, Tuija Kangasluoma, Juha Kirkby, Jasper Kulmala, Markku Kupc, Agnieszka Lawler, Michael J. Lehtipalo, Katrianne Makhmutov, Vladimir Mann, Graham Mathot, Serge Merikanto, Joonas Miettinen, Pasi Nenes, Athanasios Onnela, Antti Rap, Alexandru Reddington, Carly L. S. Riccobono, Francesco Richards, Nigel A. D. Rissanen, Matti P. Rondo, Linda Sarnela, Nina Schobesberger, Siegfried Sengupta, Kamalika Simon, Mario Sipila, Mikko Smith, James N. Stozkhov, Yuri Tome, Antonio Trostl, Jasmin Wagner, Paul E. Wimmer, Daniela Winkler, Paul M. Worsnop, Douglas R. Carslaw, Kenneth S. TI Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SULFURIC ACID-AMINE; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; COSMIC-RAYS; FREE-TROPOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUCLEATION; MODEL; CLIMATE; AMMONIA AB Fundamental questions remain about the origin of newly formed atmospheric aerosol particles because data from laboratory measurements have been insufficient to build global models. In contrast, gas-phase chemistry models have been based on laboratory kinetics measurements for decades. We built a global model of aerosol formation by using extensive laboratory measurements of rates of nucleation involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, ions, and organic compounds conducted in the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber. The simulations and a comparison with atmospheric observations show that nearly all nucleation throughout the present-day atmosphere involves ammonia or biogenic organic compounds, in addition to sulfuric acid. A considerable fraction of nucleation involves ions, but the relatively weak dependence on ion concentrations indicates that for the processes studied, variations in cosmic ray intensity do not appreciably affect climate through nucleation in the present-day atmosphere. C1 [Dunne, Eimear M.; Pringle, Kirsty J.; Mann, Graham; Rap, Alexandru; Reddington, Carly L. S.; Richards, Nigel A. D.; Sengupta, Kamalika; Carslaw, Kenneth S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Gordon, Hamish; Almeida, Joao; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Guida, Roberto; Kirkby, Jasper; Mathot, Serge; Onnela, Antti] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kuerten, Andreas; Almeida, Joao; Williamson, Christina; Curtius, Joachim; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Heinritzi, Martin; Kirkby, Jasper; Rondo, Linda; Simon, Mario; Wimmer, Daniela] Goethe Univ Frankfurt Main, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Duplissy, Jonathan] Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Ortega, Ismael K.] Univ Lille 1, UMR CNRS 8523, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol PhLAM, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Adamov, Alexey; Bianchi, Federico; Donahue, Neil M.; Franchin, Alessandro; Hakala, Jani; Jokinen, Tuija; Kangasluoma, Juha; Kulmala, Markku; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Merikanto, Joonas; Rissanen, Matti P.; Sarnela, Nina; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Sipila, Mikko; Wimmer, Daniela; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Baltensperger, Urs; Barmet, Peter; Bianchi, Federico; Dommen, Josef; Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Riccobono, Francesco; Trostl, Jasmin] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Benduhn, Francois] Inst Adv Sustainabil Studies, Berliner Str 130, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany. [Breitenlechner, Martin] Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Clarke, Antony] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Donahue, Neil M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Flagan, Richard C.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hansel, Armin] Ionicon, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Kupc, Agnieszka; Wagner, Paul E.; Winkler, Paul M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Lawler, Michael J.; Miettinen, Pasi; Smith, James N.] Univ Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Makhmutov, Vladimir; Stozkhov, Yuri] Lebedev Phys Inst, Solar & Cosm Ray Res Lab, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res & Technol, Inst Chem Engn Sci ICE HT, Patras 26504, Greece. [Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, 1 Metaxa & Vas Pavlou, Palea Penteli 15236, Greece. [Tome, Antonio] Univ Lisbon, CENTRA SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tome, Antonio] Univ Beira Interior, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Dunne, Eimear M.] Atmospher Res Ctr Eastern Finland, Finnish Meteorol Inst, PL 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Williamson, Christina; Kupc, Agnieszka] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williamson, Christina; Kupc, Agnieszka] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, Ismael K.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-91123 Palaiseau, France. [Breitenlechner, Martin] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jokinen, Tuija; Lawler, Michael J.; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Smith, James N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, 1102 Nat Sci 2, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Schobesberger, Siegfried] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Carslaw, KS (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.; Gordon, H (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM hamish.gordon@cern.ch; lecksc@ds.leeds.ac.uk RI Dunne, Eimear/H-1567-2014; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Jokinen, Tuija/B-3365-2014; Sipila, Mikko/G-3024-2010; Makhmutov, Vladimir/N-2086-2015; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Merikanto, Joonas/B-1039-2008; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011 OI Dunne, Eimear/0000-0001-7085-8473; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Kangasluoma, Juha/0000-0002-1639-1187; Lehtipalo, Katrianne/0000-0002-1660-2706; Jokinen, Tuija/0000-0002-1280-1396; Kurten, Andreas/0000-0002-8955-4450; Rissanen, Matti/0000-0003-0463-8098; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Merikanto, Joonas/0000-0002-1145-2569; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630 FU CERN; N8 consortium; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K000225/1]; European Commission Seventh Framework Programme [Marie Curie Initial Training Network CLOUD-ITN] [215072]; European Commission Seventh Framework Programme [Marie Curie Initial Training Network CLOUD-TRAIN] [316662]; European Research Council (ERC) [5736, 227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK0902A, 01LK1222A]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200020 135307, 206620 141278]; Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence) [1118615, 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 138951]; Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; V.is.l. Foundation; Nessling Foundation; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3198-N21]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [CERN/FP/116387/2010]; Swedish Research Council; Vetenskapsradet [2011-5120]; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-91006-CERN, 12-02-91522-CERN]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGC1439551, CHE1012293]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0014469]; PEGASOS (Pan-European Gas-Aerosol-Climate Interaction Study) project - European Commission under Framework Programme 7 [FP7-ENV-2010-265148]; Davidow Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council project GASSP (Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project) [NE/J024252/1]; Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award FX We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, H. U. Walther, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. The computer modeling simulations were performed on ARC1 and ARC2, part of the high-performance computing facilities at the University of Leeds, UK. This work also made use of the POLARIS facility of the N8 High Performance Computing Centre of Excellence, provided and funded by the N8 consortium and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant no. EP/K000225/1). The Centre is coordinated by the Universities of Leeds and Manchester. This research has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme [Marie Curie Initial Training Networks CLOUD-ITN (no. 215072) and CLOUD-TRAIN (no. 316662)]; European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant no. 5736 [MOCAPAF (Role of Molecular Clusters in Atmospheric Particle Formation)] and ERC Advanced grant no. 227463 [ATMNUCLE (Atmospheric Nucleation: From Molecular to Global Scale)]; the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A); the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020 135307 and 206620 141278); the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project no. 1118615 and other projects 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, and 138951); the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; the V.is.l. Foundation; the Nessling Foundation; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (project no. J3198-N21); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010); the Swedish Research Council; Vetenskapsradet (grant 2011-5120); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN); the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGC1439551, and CHE1012293); the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469); the PEGASOS (Pan-European Gas-Aerosol-Climate Interaction Study) project funded by the European Commission under Framework Programme 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148); the Davidow Foundation; and the Natural Environment Research Council project GASSP (Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project) under grant NE/J024252/1. We acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. The nucleation rates used in our manuscript are available in the supplementary materials as a CSV file. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 56 U2 56 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 354 IS 6316 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1126/science.aaf2649 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED5TY UT WOS:000388916400035 PM 27789796 ER PT J AU Stan, G Mays, E Yoo, HJ King, SW AF Stan, Gheorghe Mays, Ebony Yoo, Hui Jae King, Sean W. TI Nanoscale tomographic reconstruction of the subsurface mechanical properties of low-k high-aspect ratio patterns SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intermittent contact resonance atomic force microscopy; 3D nanoscale mechanics; low-k dielectric materials ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; CONTACT; NANOELECTRONICS; DIELECTRICS; HOLOGRAPHY; EXCITATION; STIFFNESS; ADHESION; ENERGY AB In this work, intermittent contact resonance atomic force microscopy (ICR-AFM) was performed on high-aspect ratio a-SiOC: H patterned fins (100 nm in height and width from 20 to 90 nm) to map the depth and width dependencies of the material stiffness. The spatial resolution and depth sensitivity of the measurements were assessed from tomographic cross-sections over various regions of interest within the 3D space of the measurements. Furthermore, the depth-dependence of the measured contact stiffness over the scanned area was used to determine the sub-surface variation of the elastic modulus at each point in the scan. This was achieved by iteratively adjusting the local elastic profile until the depth dependence of the resulted contact stiffness matched the depth dependence of the contact stiffness measured by ICR-AFM at that location. The results of this analysis were assembled into nanoscale sub-surface tomographic images of the elastic modulus of the investigated SiOC:H patterns. A new 3D structure-property representation emerged from these tomographic images with direct evidence for the alterations sustained by the structures during processing. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe] George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Mays, Ebony; King, Sean W.] Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Yoo, Hui Jae] Intel Corp, Components Res, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Stan, G (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 27 IS 48 AR 485706 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/27/48/485706 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC0OB UT WOS:000387799400001 PM 27804920 ER PT J AU Baumberger, T Fruh-Green, GL Dini, A Boschi, C van Zuilen, K Thorseth, IH Pedersen, RB AF Baumberger, Tamara Fruh-Green, Gretchen L. Dini, Andrea Boschi, Chiara van Zuilen, Kirsten Thorseth, Ingunn H. Pedersen, Rolf B. TI Constraints on the sedimentary input into the Loki's Castle hydrothermal system (AMOR) from B isotope data SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boron isotopes; Strontium isotopes; Loki's Castle; Sediment-associated hydrothermal systems; Hydrothermal fluid circulation; Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridges ID ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; BORON ISOTOPES; OKINAWA TROUGH; OCEANIC-CRUST; CHEMISTRY; FLUIDS; FIELD AB Loki's Castle at 73 degrees 30' N along the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) provides a natural laboratory to study the evolution of hydrothermal circulation in an ultraslow-spreading environment. In addition, a sedimentary input into the Loki's Castle hydrothermal circulation cell is indicated by vent fluid and gas chemistry. Here we present B and Sr isotope data to investigate interaction between fluid, MORB and sediment and to constrain mass transfer during hydrothermal circulation of a sediment-influenced, black smoker hydrothermal system. The high boron concentrations (1770-2170 mu mol/l) and the relatively low boron isotope composition of the vent fluids (delta B-11 values ranging from + 11.6 to + 15.2%) reflect not only fluid/rock interaction with mafic crust but indicates a significant contribution from sediments, in agreement with other chemical and isotopic (Sr-87/Sr-86) analyses. We present a model of B extraction from sediments at a temperature of 300 degrees C, which suggests a water/sediment ratio of approximately 2 to 3 at Loki's Castle. At these ratios, relative B extraction from sediment ranges from 35 to 55%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baumberger, Tamara; van Zuilen, Kirsten; Thorseth, Ingunn H.; Pedersen, Rolf B.] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Baumberger, Tamara; Fruh-Green, Gretchen L.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dini, Andrea; Boschi, Chiara] CNR, Ist Geosci & Georisorse, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. [van Zuilen, Kirsten] Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75238 Paris 05, France. RP Baumberger, T (reprint author), NOAA PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM tamara.baumberger@noaa.gov RI van Zuilen, Kirsten/D-2484-2014 OI van Zuilen, Kirsten/0000-0002-7451-7315 FU ESF-EUROMARC project H2DEEP through the Swiss Nation Science Foundation [20MA21-115916]; Research Council of Norway [187359/V30]; Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen [179560] FX We thank the captain and the crew of the R/V G.O. Sars as well as the ROV-team from Argus for sampling. We also thank M. Lilley who provided valuable support with fluid sample collection and interpretation of the data. We wish to thank S. Kawagucci, an anonymous reviewer and the editor D. Hilton for their comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. This research was financed by the ESF-EUROMARC project H2DEEP through the Swiss Nation Science Foundation (Project No. 20MA21-115916), the Research Council of Norway (Project No. 187359/V30) and Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen (Project No. 179560). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 443 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.09.026 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA3QT UT WOS:000386519700010 ER PT J AU Liu, ZTY Burton, BP Khare, SV Sarin, P AF Liu, Z. T. Y. Burton, B. P. Khare, S. V. Sarin, P. TI First-principles phase diagram calculations for the carbonate quasibinary systems CaCO3-ZnCO3, CdCO3-ZnCO3, CaCO3-CdCO3 and MgCO3-ZnCO3 SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Density functional theory; Cluster expansion; Phase diagram; Calcite; Dolomite; Minrecordite ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; WAVE BASIS-SET; EQUAL-TO 1/2; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CLUSTER-EXPANSION; SUBSOLIDUS RELATIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB Quasibinary solid solutions of calcite-structure carbonate minerals play an important role in rock formation. We have investigated solid solutions with cations Ca2+, Cd2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ by performing first-principles phase diagram calculations for Ca1-xZnxCO3, Cd1-xZnxCO3, Ca1-xCdxCO3 andMg(1-x)Zn(x)CO(3) (0 <= x <= 1) with density functional theory, cluster expansion and Monte Carlo simulations. The end members and the dolomite structures were individually studied to analyze their structural parameters and bonding characteristics. Consolute temperatures and continuous order-disorder transition temperatures are 1450 K for Ca1-xZnxCO3 and 1000 K for Cd1-xZnxCO3, but below 100 K for Ca1-xCdxCO3 andMg(1-x)Zn(x)CO(3). In agreement with existing literature, consolute temperatures increase with increasing differences in cation radii. If the dolomite structures are assumed to be stable, the phase diagram calculations predict that they persist to 1150 K for Ca1-xZnxCO3, and 900 K for Cd1-xZnxCO3 before decomposition at peritectoid points. This confirms the conjectured phase diagram for Ca1-xZnxCO3 in (Goldsmith, 1983. Rev. Mineral. Geochemistry 11). In addition, formation energies of the dolomite structures were decomposed into two parts: first a volume change, then chemical exchange and relaxation. They were compared with the corresponding random solid solutions at the same bulk compositions. (Meta) stability of the dolomite structures was demonstrated by this analysis, and was also studied by examining the bond lengths and cation octahedral distortions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Z. T. Y.; Khare, S. V.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Burton, B. P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sarin, P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA. RP Khare, SV (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM sanjay.khare@utoledo.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI 1234777, 1629239] FX The computing for this project was performed at the Tandy Supercomputing Center and Ohio Supercomputer Center (OSC) (Ohio-Supercomputer-Center, 1987). We thank the National Science Foundation grant CMMI 1234777 and 1629239 for funding this work. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 2 PY 2016 VL 443 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.09.024 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EA3QT UT WOS:000386519700012 ER PT J AU Changala, PB Spaun, B Patterson, D Doyle, JM Ye, J AF Changala, P. Bryan Spaun, Ben Patterson, David Doyle, John M. Ye, Jun TI Sensitivity and resolution in frequency comb spectroscopy of buffer gas cooled polyatomic molecules SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; VINYL BROMIDE; MU-M; GENERATION; RADICALS; SPECTRUM AB We discuss the use of cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region with buffer gas cooling of polyatomic molecules for high-precision rovibrational absorption spectroscopy. A frequency comb coupled to an optical enhancement cavity allows us to collect high-resolution, broad-bandwidth infrared spectra of translationally and rotationally cold (10-20 K) gas-phase molecules with high absorption sensitivity and fast acquisition times. The design and performance of the combined apparatus are discussed in detail. Recorded rovibrational spectra in the CH stretching region of several organic molecules, including vinyl bromide (CH2CHBr), adamantane (C10H16), and diamantane (C-14 H-20) demonstrate the resolution and sensitivity of this technique, as well as the intrinsic challenges faced in extending the frontier of high-resolution spectroscopy to large complex molecules. C1 [Changala, P. Bryan; Spaun, Ben; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Changala, P. Bryan; Spaun, Ben; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Patterson, David; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Changala, PB (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Changala, PB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bryan.changala@colorado.edu FU DARPA; SCOUT; AFOSR; NIST; NSF-JILA PFC; NSF GRFP [DGE1144083]; NRC; NSF FX We dedicate this paper to Ted Hansch, who has pioneered the field of laser spectroscopy in general and optical frequency combs in particular. This research was funded by DARPA SCOUT, AFOSR, NIST, and NSF-JILA PFC. P.B.C. is supported by the NSF GRFP (Award no. DGE1144083). B.S. is supported through an NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. D.P. and J.M.D. acknowledge additional support from the NSF. We would like to thank Matthew Radzihovsky for experimental assistance at JILA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 122 IS 12 AR 292 DI 10.1007/s00340-016-6569-7 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA EL0BR UT WOS:000394288300006 ER PT J AU Ma, J Foltz, GR Soden, BJ Huang, G He, JE Dong, CM AF Ma, Jian Foltz, Gregory R. Soden, Brian J. Huang, Gang He, Jie Dong, Changming TI Will surface winds weaken in response to global warming? SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE global warming; surface winds; walker circulation; sea surface temperature; precipitation ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; WALKER CIRCULATION; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; REGIONAL PATTERNS; PRECIPITATION; HIATUS; VARIABILITY; PERSISTENCE AB The surface Walker and tropical tropospheric circulations have been inferred to slow down from historical observations and model projections, yet analysis of large-scale surface wind predictions is lacking. Satellite measurements of surface wind speed indicate strengthening trends averaged over the global and tropical oceans that are supported by precipitation and evaporation changes. Here we use corrected anemometer-based observations to show that the surface wind speed has not decreased in the averaged tropical oceans, despite its reduction in the region of the Walker circulation. Historical simulations and future projections for climate change also suggest a near-zero wind speed trend averaged in space, regardless of the Walker cell change. In the tropics, the sea surface temperature pattern effect acts against the large-scale circulation slow-down. For higher latitudes, the surface winds shift poleward along with the eddy-driven mid-latitude westerlies, resulting in a very small contribution to the global change in surface wind speed. Despite its importance for surface wind speed change, the influence of the SST pattern change on global-mean rainfall is insignificant since it cannot substantially alter the global energy balance. As a result, the precipitation response to global warming remains 'muted' relative to atmospheric moisture increase. Our results therefore show consistency between projections and observations of surface winds and precipitation. C1 [Ma, Jian] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Soden, Brian J.; He, Jie] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Gang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Huang, Gang] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dong, Changming] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Dong, Changming] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ma, J (reprint author), Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM MaJian@SHOU.edu.cn RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU Shanghai Chair Professor-Eastern Scholar Program; NOAA/CPO's Climate Observations and Monitoring Program; NSFC [41476022, 41490643, 41675070]; NBRPC [2012CB955604, 2012CB955601]; NOYSFPC [41425019]; BOEM [M14AC00021]; NUIST Startup Grants FX We thank H Tokinaga for correcting the ICOADS surface wind speed and making the WASWind dataset available at http://dpac.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/tokinaga/waswind.html. We acknowledge various modeling groups for producing and providing their output, the PCMDI for collecting and archiving the CMIP5 multi-model dataset, the WCRP's WGCM for organizing the analysis activity, and the Office of Science, US Department of Energy for supporting this dataset in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The AOML internal reviewer, S-K Lee is gratefully appreciated for helpful suggestions. S-P Xie and R Chadwick gave valuable comments to improve the work. Y Zou and others are gratefully appreciated for the interdisciplinary discussion at the AGU Fall Meeting 2015. The two anonymous reviewers including one board member are gratefully appreciated for their guidelines to improvements. The Ferret program was used for analysis and graphics. This work is funded by Shanghai Chair Professor-Eastern Scholar Program, NOAA/CPO's Climate Observations and Monitoring Program, and base funds to NOAA/AOML, and supported by NSFC (41476022, 41490643, and 41675070), NBRPC (2012CB955604, 2012CB955601), NOYSFPC (41425019), BOEM (M14AC00021), and NUIST Startup Grants. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR 124012 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124012 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EL1IU UT WOS:000394374700001 ER PT J AU Emiroglu, CD Kwon, DH AF Emiroglu, Caglar D. Kwon, Do-Hoon TI Design and Realization of Virtual Line Source Using Metamaterials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Anisotropic media; antenna radiation patterns; conformal antennas; metamaterials; transformation electromagnetics (TE) ID LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; INDEX; VERIFICATION; PERMEABILITY; METASURFACES; OPTICS; FIELDS AB A metamaterial-embedded 2-D electric line source radiating inside a ground recess is presented. The media embedding a recessed antenna is designed based on transformation electromagnetics (TE) such that the embedded antenna yields the same far-field radiation characteristics as an antenna over a flat conducting ground plane, i.e., forming a virtual antenna. The transformation media comprise a negative-index superlens of finite dimensions and anisotropic impedance-matching blocks. Resonant inclusion-based metamaterials are designed at 5 GHz for their realization using standard printed-circuit technologies. Required metamaterial blocks are assembled for an effective 2-D TE-polarized configuration in a parallel-plate waveguide simulator. Field-mapping measurement confirms formation of a virtual radiator above the ground. C1 [Emiroglu, Caglar D.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Emiroglu, Caglar D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kwon, Do-Hoon] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Emiroglu, CD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.; Emiroglu, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cde@nist.gov; dhkwon@umass.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-13-C-1538] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-13-C-1538. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 64 IS 12 BP 5220 EP 5229 DI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2617783 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA EK2WP UT WOS:000393787900026 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW Scherer, GW AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. Scherer, George W. TI An Ideal Solid Solution Model for C-S-H SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE solubility; cement; equilibrium constant; solid solution ID CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; SOLUBILITY; PHASE; 25-DEGREES-C; SYSTEM AB A model for an ideal solid solution, developed by Nourtier-Mazauric et al. [Oil & Gas Sci. Tech. Rev. IFP, 60 [2] (2005) 401], is applied to calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). Fitting the model to solubility data reported in the literature for C-SH yields reasonable values for the compositions of the end-members of the solid solution and for their equilibrium constants. This model will be useful in models of hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate because it is easier to implement than other solid solution models, it clearly identifies the driving force for growth of the most favorable C-S-H composition, and it still allows the model to accurately capture variations in C-SH composition as the aqueous solution changes significantly at early hydration times. C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Scherer, George W.] Princeton Univ, Eng Quad E-319, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov FU Federal Highway Administration [DTFH61-12-H-00003]; ARRA [611-473300-60026039 PROJ0002228]; Federal Highway Administration Interagency Agreement [DTFH61-13-X-30003] FX GWS was supported by Federal Highway Administration Grant DTFH61-12-H-00003 and ARRA Grant 611-473300-60026039 PROJ0002228. JWB was supported in part by Federal Highway Administration Interagency Agreement DTFH61-13-X-30003. The information in this paper does not necessarily reflect the opinion or policy of the federal government and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 99 IS 12 BP 4137 EP 4145 DI 10.1111/jace.14493 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA EK3RQ UT WOS:000393844100039 ER PT J AU Oleshko, VP Herzing, AA Soles, CL Griebel, JJ Chung, WJ Simmonds, AG Pyun, J AF Oleshko, Vladimir P. Herzing, Andrew A. Soles, Christopher L. Griebel, Jared J. Chung, Woo J. Simmonds, Adam G. Pyun, Jeffrey TI Analytical Multimode Scanning and Transmission Electron Imaging and Tomography of Multiscale Structural Architectures of Sulfur Copolymer-Based Composite Cathodes for Next-Generation High-Energy Density Li-S Batteries SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE S(T)EM; tomography; EELS; EDXS; Li-S batteries ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; INVERSE VULCANIZATION; ION BATTERIES; CARBON PAPER; PERFORMANCE; POLYMERS; SURFACE; CELLS AB Poly[sulfur-random-(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)] copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization represent an emerging class of electrochemically active polymers recently used in cathodes for Li-S batteries, capable of realizing enhanced capacity retention (1,005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. The composite cathodes are organized in complex hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) architectures, which contain several components and are challenging to understand and characterize using any single technique. Here, multimode analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopies and energy-dispersive X-ray/electron energy-loss spectroscopies coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and tomography were applied to explore origins of the cathode-enhanced capacity retention. The surface topography, morphology, bonding, and compositions of the cathodes created by combining sulfur copolymers with varying 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene content and conductive carbons have been investigated at multiple scales in relation to the electrochemical performance and physico-mechanical stability. We demonstrate that replacing the elemental sulfur with organosulfur copolymers improves the compositional homogeneity and compatibility between carbons and sulfur-containing domains down to sub-5 nm length scales resulting in (a) intimate wetting of nanocarbons by the copolymers at interfaces; (b) the creation of 3D percolation networks of conductive pathways involving graphitic-like outer shells of aggregated carbons; (c) concomitant improvements in the stability with preserved meso-and nanoscale porosities required for efficient charge transport. C1 [Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Griebel, Jared J.; Chung, Woo J.; Simmonds, Adam G.; Pyun, Jeffrey] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Oleshko, VP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov FU ACS-PRF [51026-ND10]; NSF [CHE-1305773]; WCU Program through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10013]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB12H164] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Paul Kotula for providing the AXSIA software package for MSA. The authors acknowledge the ACS-PRF (51026-ND10), the NSF (CHE-1305773), the WCU Program through the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10013) for support of this work. V.P.O. acknowledges support by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Award No 70NANB12H164). NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1198 EP 1221 DI 10.1017/S1431927616011880 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA EK3UE UT WOS:000393853100010 PM 27881211 ER PT J AU He, T Pachfule, P Wu, H Xu, Q Chen, P AF He, Teng Pachfule, Pradip Wu, Hui Xu, Qiang Chen, Ping TI Hydrogen carriers SO NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HIGH-CAPACITY HYDROGEN; AMMONIA-BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; N-H SYSTEM; POROUS POLYMER NETWORKS; STORAGE PROPERTIES; MAGNESIUM BOROHYDRIDE; SORPTION PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION AB Hydrogen has the potential to be a major energy vector in a renewable and sustainable future energy mix. The efficient production, storage and delivery of hydrogen are key technical issues that require improvement before its potential can be realized. In this Review, we focus on recent advances in materials development for on-board hydrogen storage. We highlight the strategic design and optimization of hydrides of light-weight elements (for example, boron, nitrogen and carbon) and physisorbents (for example, metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks). Furthermore, hydrogen carriers (for example, NH3, CH3OH-H2O and cycloalkanes) for large-scale distribution and for on-site hydrogen generation are discussed with an emphasis on dehydrogenation catalysts. C1 [He, Teng; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Pachfule, Pradip; Xu, Qiang] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Ikeda, Osaka 5638577, Japan. [Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Energy Mat, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.; Chen, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Energy Mat, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.; Chen, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM pchen@dicp.ac.cn FU Project of National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars [51225206]; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Youth Innovation Promotion Association (CAS) of China; Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan FX This work is financially supported by the Project of National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (51225206), the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association (CAS) of China and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan. NR 176 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 19 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2058-8437 J9 NAT REV MATER JI Nat. Rev. Mater. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 1 IS 12 AR 16067 DI 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.59 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA EL3JD UT WOS:000394514500001 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Zhang, SQ AF Chang, You-Soon Zhang, Shaoqing TI XBT Effects on the Global Ocean State Estimates Using a Coupled Data Assimilation System SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Global ocean observing system; XBT; Argo; Data assimilation ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE MODELS; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT; FORMULATION; SIMULATION; REANALYSIS; EQUATION; BIASES; TSK AB The early 21st century experienced a transition in global ocean observing systems from the expendable bathythermograph (XBT) to the Argo. There has been a decrease in XBT observations, and a significant increase in Argo profiling floats in the global ocean. However, numerical XBT observation evaluations during this transition period have been under presented. This study investigates the XBT use effects on the global ocean observing systems using a coupled data assimilation model developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). Results show that the inclusion of XBT data significantly increases the accuracy of heat content and sea level change estimations during the pre-Argo period. During the Argo period, the amount of heat content correction by XBT assimilation is significantly weakened, especially in the upper ocean. However, it remains in the deeper oceans below 700 m depths, which is the residual effects of assimilating XBT data with the pre-Argo period. This study also confirms that although XBT only provides temperature observations mostly in the upper 700 m of the northern hemisphere, it can affect both the temperature and salinity fields of data assimilation systems, especially in the deep and southern oceans, which is also supported by the significant change in steric height. C1 [Chang, You-Soon] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Kong Ju, South Korea. [Zhang, Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Kong Ju, South Korea. EM yschang@kongju.ac.kr FU Mid-career Researcher Program through National Research Foundation grant - the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2014R1A2A2A01003486] FX We acknowledge the NODC for providing publicly available World Ocean Database including XBT and Argo profiles. This data helped make this study possible. We appreciate the Three Anonymous Reviewers for their constructive feedback that helped to improve our manuscript. This work (2014R1A2A2A01003486) was supported by the Mid-career Researcher Program through National Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 EI 2311-7680 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1019 EP 1031 DI 10.3319/TAO.2016.09.23.01 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA EK8CI UT WOS:000394151100021 ER PT J AU Hectors, SJ Wagner, M Corcuera-Solano, I Kang, M Stemmer, A Boss, MA Taouli, B AF Hectors, Stefanie J. Wagner, Mathilde Corcuera-Solano, Idoia Kang, Martin Stemmer, Alto Boss, Michael A. Taouli, Bachir TI Comparison Between 3-Scan Trace and Diagonal Body Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Acquisitions: A Phantom and Volunteer Study SO TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE diffusion-weighted imaging; phantom; volunteers; apparent diffusion coefficient ID LIVER; QUALITY; REPRODUCIBILITY; GRADIENTS; PROSTATE; ABDOMEN; FLOW; MRI; AGE AB Diagonal diffusion-weighted imaging (dDWI) uses simultaneous maximized application of 3 orthogonal gradient systems as opposed to sequential acquisition in 3 directions in conventional 3-scan trace DWI (tDWI). Several theoretical advantages of dDWI vs. tDWI include reduced artifacts and increased sharpness. We compared apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) quantification and image quality between monopolar dDWI and tDWI in a dedicated diffusion phantom (b = 0/500/900/2000 s/mm(2)) and in the abdomen (b = 50/400/800 s/mm(2)) and pelvis (b = 50/1000/1600 s/mm(2)) of 2 male volunteers at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Phantom estimated signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR) was also measured. Two independent observers assessed the image quality on a 5-point scale. In the phantom, image quality was similar between tDWI and dDWI, with equivalent ADC quantification (mean coefficient of variation [ CV] between sequences: 1.4% +/- 1.2% at 1.5 T and 0.7% +/- 0.7% at 3.0 T). Phantom eSNR was similar for both tDWI and dDWI, except for a significantly lower eSNR for b900 of dDWI at 3.0 T (P = .006). In the volunteers, the CV values between tDWI and dDWI were higher than those in the phantom (CV range: abdominal organs, 1.3%-13.3%; pelvic organs, 0.6%-5.7%). A trend toward significant better image quality for dDWI compared with tDWI was observed for b800 (abdomen) at 3.0 T and for b1000 and b1600 (pelvis) at 1.5 T (P = .063 to .066). Our data suggest that dDWI may provide better image quality than tDWI without affecting ADC quantification, needing confirmation in a future clinical study. C1 [Hectors, Stefanie J.; Wagner, Mathilde; Corcuera-Solano, Idoia; Taouli, Bachir] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Translat & Mol Imaging Inst, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1234, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Hectors, Stefanie J.; Wagner, Mathilde; Corcuera-Solano, Idoia; Taouli, Bachir] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Radiol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1234, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Kang, Martin] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Stemmer, Alto] Siemens AG, Med Solut, Magnet Resonance, Erlangen, Germany. [Boss, Michael A.] NIST, Div Appl Phys, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hectors, SJ (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Translat & Mol Imaging Inst, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1234, New York, NY 10029 USA.; Hectors, SJ (reprint author), Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Radiol, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1234, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM stefanie.hectors@mountsinai.org NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAPHO PUBLICATIONS PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 131281, ANN ARBOR, MI 48112-1281 USA SN 2379-1381 J9 TOMOGRAPHY JI Tomography PD DEC PY 2016 VL 2 IS 4 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00229 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA EK4BG UT WOS:000393871500022 ER PT J AU Caillouet, CW Putman, NF Shaver, DJ Valverde, RA Seney, EE Lohmann, KJ Mansfield, KL Gallaway, BJ Flanagan, JP Godfrey, MH AF Caillouet, Charles W., Jr. Putman, Nathan F. Shaver, Donna J. Valverde, Roldan A. Seney, Erin E. Lohmann, Kenneth J. Mansfield, Katherine L. Gallaway, Benny J. Flanagan, Joseph P. Godfrey, Matthew H. TI A CALL FOR EVALUATION OF THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY RESCUE, RESUSCITATION, REHABILITATION, AND RELEASE TRANSLOCATIONS TO KEMP'S RIDLEY SEA TURTLE (LEPIDOCHELYS KEMPII) POPULATION RECOVERY SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advocacy; captivity; display; education; media coverage; outreach; training; welfare ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE; MARINE TURTLES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRAWL GEAR; CAPE-COD; CONSERVATION; LOGGERHEAD; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS AB Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) conservation practices permitted by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), under authority of the U. S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, include translocations in which eggs or turtles are taken into captivity for various reasons and intervals, and turtles are later released into coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) or the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWAO). In 2013, the IUCN Species Survival Commission defined conservation translocation as the deliberate movement of organisms from one site for release in another, with the intention that it must yield a measurable conservation benefit at the levels of a population, species or ecosystem, and not only provide benefit to translocated individuals. Translocations of Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles that are found injured, ill, or otherwise debilitated, then rescued, resuscitated if necessary, rehabilitated, and released into the GoM or the NWAO have not been evaluated to determine whether they qualify as conservation translocations. We refer to them as rescue, resuscitation, rehabilitation, and release (i.e., RRRR) translocations. Captivity and human care, by altering behavioral and physiological fitness of RRRR translocated Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles, have the potential to influence post-release survival, growth, navigation, foraging, migration, maturation, natal beach homing, and reproduction. We recommend that NMFS and USFWS develop a plan for hypothesis-driven research and modeling aimed at determining if and how RRRR translocations contribute to Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle population recovery. Similar evaluations of RRRR translocations are also needed for other sea turtle species. C1 [Putman, Nathan F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shaver, Donna J.] Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. [Valverde, Roldan A.] Southeastern Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Seney, Erin E.; Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Marine Turtle Res Grp, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Lohmann, Kenneth J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gallaway, Benny J.] LGL Ecol Res Associates Inc, Bryan, TX 77801 USA. [Flanagan, Joseph P.] Houston Zoo, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Godfrey, Matthew H.] North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Godfrey, Matthew H.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Godfrey, Matthew H.] North Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Putman, NF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Putman, NF (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Waxmanjr@aol.com NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 11 IS 3 BP 486 EP 496 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EJ4QM UT WOS:000393201900010 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Matrai, PA Friedrichs, MAM Saba, VS Aumont, O Babin, M Buitenhuis, ET Chevallier, M de Mora, L Dessert, M Dunne, JP Ellingsen, IH Feldman, D Frouin, R Gehlen, M Gorgues, T Ilyina, T Jin, MB John, JG Lawrence, J Manizza, M Menkes, CE Perruche, C Le Fouest, V Popova, EE Romanou, A Samuelsen, A Schwinger, J Seferian, R Stock, CA Tjiputra, J Tremblay, B Ueyoshi, K Vichi, M Yool, A Zhang, JL AF Lee, Younjoo J. Matrai, Patricia A. Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Saba, Vincent S. Aumont, Olivier Babin, Marcel Buitenhuis, Erik T. Chevallier, Matthieu de Mora, Lee Dessert, Morgane Dunne, John P. Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Feldman, Doron Frouin, Robert Gehlen, Marion Gorgues, Thomas Ilyina, Tatiana Jin, Meibing John, Jasmin G. Lawrence, Jon Manizza, Manfredi Menkes, Christophe E. Perruche, Coralie Le Fouest, Vincent Popova, Ekaterina E. Romanou, Anastasia Samuelsen, Annette Schwinger, Jorg Seferian, Roland Stock, Charles A. Tjiputra, Jerry Tremblay, Bruno Ueyoshi, Kyozo Vichi, Marcello Yool, Andrew Zhang, Jinlun TI Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-ICE MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; MARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; CANADA BASIN; BARENTS SEA; SKILL ASSESSMENT AB The relative skill of 21 regional and global biogeochemical models was assessed in terms of how well the models reproduced observed net primary productivity (NPP) and environmental variables such as nitrate concentration (NO3), mixed layer depth (MLD), euphotic layer depth (Z(eu)), and sea ice concentration, by comparing results against a newly updated, quality-controlled in situ NPP database for the Arctic Ocean (1959-2011). The models broadly captured the spatial features of integrated NPP (iNPP) on a pan-Arctic scale. Most models underestimated iNPP by varying degrees in spite of overestimating surface NO3, MLD, and Z(eu) throughout the regions. Among the models, iNPP exhibited little difference over sea ice condition (ice-free versus ice-influenced) and bottom depth (shelf versus deep ocean). The models performed relatively well for the most recent decade and toward the end of Arctic summer. In the Barents and Greenland Seas, regional model skill of surface NO3 was best associated with how well MLD was reproduced. Regionally, iNPP was relatively well simulated in the Beaufort Sea and the central Arctic Basin, where in situ NPP is low and nutrients are mostly depleted. Models performed less well at simulating iNPP in the Greenland and Chukchi Seas, despite the higher model skill in MLD and sea ice concentration, respectively. iNPP model skill was constrained by different factors in different Arctic Ocean regions. Our study suggests that better parameterization of biological and ecological microbial rates (phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing) are needed for improved Arctic Ocean biogeochemical modeling. C1 [Lee, Younjoo J.; Matrai, Patricia A.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Lee, Younjoo J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr,Geophys Fluid Dynam L, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aumont, Olivier; Menkes, Christophe E.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Ocean Climat Exploitat & Applicat Numer, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS,IRD, Paris, France. [Babin, Marcel] Univ Laval, CNRS, Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Buitenhuis, Erik T.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Seferian, Roland] CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Unite Mixte Rech Meteo France 3589, Toulouse, France. [de Mora, Lee] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Dessert, Morgane; Gorgues, Thomas] UBO, Lab Oceanog Phys & Spatiale, CNRS, IFREMER,IRD,Inst Univ & Europeen Mer, Plouzane, France. [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ellingsen, Ingrid H.] SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, Trondheim, Norway. [Feldman, Doron; Romanou, Anastasia] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Frouin, Robert; Ueyoshi, Kyozo] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA USA. [Gehlen, Marion] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ilyina, Tatiana] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Jin, Meibing] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Jin, Meibing] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Reg Oceanog & Numer Modeling, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Lawrence, Jon; Popova, Ekaterina E.; Yool, Andrew] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Manizza, Manfredi] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA USA. [Perruche, Coralie] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Le Fouest, Vincent] Univ La Rochelle, LIttoral Environm & Soc, La Rochelle, France. [Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Samuelsen, Annette] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Samuelsen, Annette] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, Bergen, Norway. [Schwinger, Jorg; Tjiputra, Jerry] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Tremblay, Bruno] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Vichi, Marcello] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Cape Town, South Africa. [Vichi, Marcello] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Cape Town, South Africa. [Zhang, Jinlun] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Lee, YJ; Matrai, PA (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA.; Lee, YJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ylee@bigelow.org; pmatrai@bigelow.org RI Popova, Ekaterina/B-4520-2012; Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; menkes, christophe/H-9085-2016; OI Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; menkes, christophe/0000-0002-1457-9696; Saba, Vincent/0000-0002-2974-4826; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595; le fouest, vincent/0000-0003-4295-9714; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453 FU National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (OBB) program [NNX13AE81G]; project "Green Mercator" through national program CNRS/LEFE/INSU; NSF Office of Polar Programs [PLR-1417925, PLR-1416920]; FP7 MyOcean2 project [283367]; Research Council of Norway [239965/RU]; NASA Cryosphere program [NNX15AG68G] FX This project was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (OBB) program (NNX13AE81G). We thank the anonymous reviewers for careful reading and constructive comments, and also thank Charlotte Laufkotter for thoughtful suggestions. The project "Green Mercator" provided funding to M. Gehlen and C. Perruche through the national program CNRS/LEFE/INSU. M. Jin's contribution was supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (PLR-1417925, and PLR-1416920). A. Samuelsen acknowledges the projects FP7 MyOcean2 (project number 283367) and PAVE (Polish-Norwegian Research Program) and a grant of CPU time from the Norwegian Supercomputing Project (NOTUR2). J. Tjiputra acknowledges the Research Council of Norway funded project ORGANIC (239965/RU). J. Zhang's contribution was supported by the NASA Cryosphere program (NNX15AG68G). R. Seferian and M. Chevallier thank Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing center and the support of the team in charge of the CNRM-CM climate model. Upon publication, the in situ data will be available for academic purposes through the NASA SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (http://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/), including NPP, NO3, and Zeu. NR 213 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 8635 EP 8669 DI 10.1002/2016JC011993 PG 35 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EJ3VN UT WOS:000393140400013 ER PT J AU Orton, PM Hall, TM Talke, SA Blumberg, AF Georgas, N Vinogradov, S AF Orton, P. M. Hall, T. M. Talke, S. A. Blumberg, A. F. Georgas, N. Vinogradov, S. TI A validated tropical-extratropical flood hazard assessment for New York Harbor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID STORM SURGES; CYCLONE INTENSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-JERSEY; WIND; CITY; MODEL; OCEAN; WAVE; HURRICANES AB Recent studies of flood risk at New York Harbor (NYH) have shown disparate results for the 100 year storm tide, providing an uncertain foundation for the flood mitigation response after Hurricane Sandy. Here we present a flood hazard assessment that improves confidence in our understanding of the region's present-day potential for flooding, by separately including the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ETCs), and validating our modeling study at multiple stages against historical observations. The TC assessment is based on a climatology of 606 synthetic storms developed from a statistical-stochastic model of North Atlantic TCs. The ETC assessment is based on simulations of historical storms with many random tide scenarios. Synthetic TC landfall rates and the final TC and ETC flood exceedance curves are all shown to be consistent with curves computed using historical data, within 95% confidence ranges. Combining the ETC and TC results together, the 100 year return period storm tide at NYH is 2.70 m (2.51-2.92 at 95% confidence), and Hurricane Sandy's storm tide of 3.38 m was a 260 year (170-420) storm tide. Deeper analyses of historical flood reports from estimated Category-3 hurricanes in 1788 and 1821 lead to new estimates and reduced uncertainties for their floods and show that Sandy's storm tide was the largest at NYH back to at least 1700. The flood exceedance curves for ETCs and TCs have sharply different slopes due to their differing meteorology and frequency, warranting separate treatment in hazard assessments. C1 [Orton, P. M.; Blumberg, A. F.; Georgas, N.; Vinogradov, S.] Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Hall, T. M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Talke, S. A.] Portland State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Vinogradov, S.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Orton, PM (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM philip.orton@stevens.edu FU NASA [NNX12AI28G, NNX15AD61G]; NASA's Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science ROSES grant [NNX14AD48G]; NOAA's Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program [NA10OAR4310212]; NASA; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers award [W1927N-14-2-0015]; NSF [CNS-0855217, CNS-0958379, ACI-1126113] FX Work by P.O., A.B., N.G., and S.V. was funded by the NASA Centers call for support of the National Climate Assessment (Hall, PI; agreements NNX12AI28G and NNX15AD61G), NASA's Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science ROSES-2012 (grant NNX14AD48G), and NOAA's Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) program (award NA10OAR4310212). Work by T.H. was also funded by the NASA projects listed above. Work by S.T. was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (award W1927N-14-2-0015). Supercomputer resources were utilized under a grant of computer time from the City University of New York High Performance Computing Center under NSF grants CNS-0855217, CNS-0958379, and ACI-1126113. This publication utilizes meteorological reanalyses constructed in part using data from NASA satellites/instruments, QuikSCAT, NSCAT and TOPEX/ POSEIDON, in some cases processed and made available by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The model data, compiled NOAA water elevation observations, and Matlab codes necessary to reproduce the study are available at http://personal.stevens.edu/similar to porton/Orton_etal_JGR16.zip. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 12 BP 8904 EP 8929 DI 10.1002/2016JC011679 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EJ3VN UT WOS:000393140400028 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Lau, WKM Ramanathan, V Wu, G Ding, Y Manoj, MG Liu, J Qian, Y Li, J Zhou, T Fan, J Rosenfeld, D Ming, Y Wang, Y Huang, J Wang, B Xu, X Lee, SS Cribb, M Zhang, F Yang, X Zhao, C Takemura, T Wang, K Xia, X Yin, Y Zhang, H Guo, J Zhai, PM Sugimoto, N Babu, SS Brasseur, GP AF Li, Zhanqing Lau, W. K. -M. Ramanathan, V. Wu, G. Ding, Y. Manoj, M. G. Liu, J. Qian, Y. Li, J. Zhou, T. Fan, J. Rosenfeld, D. Ming, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, J. Wang, B. Xu, X. Lee, S. -S. Cribb, M. Zhang, F. Yang, X. Zhao, C. Takemura, T. Wang, K. Xia, X. Yin, Y. Zhang, H. Guo, J. Zhai, P. M. Sugimoto, N. Babu, S. S. Brasseur, G. P. TI Aerosol and monsoon climate interactions over Asia SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; DIURNAL TEMPERATURE-RANGE; TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INCIDENT SOLAR-RADIATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AB The increasing severity of droughts/floods and worsening air quality from increasing aerosols in Asia monsoon regions are the two gravest threats facing over 60% of the world population living in Asian monsoon regions. These dual threats have fueled a large body of research in the last decade on the roles of aerosols in impacting Asian monsoon weather and climate. This paper provides a comprehensive review of studies on Asian aerosols, monsoons, and their interactions. The Asian monsoon region is a primary source of emissions of diverse species of aerosols from both anthropogenic and natural origins. The distributions of aerosol loading are strongly influenced by distinct weather and climatic regimes, which are, in turn, modulated by aerosol effects. On a continental scale, aerosols reduce surface insolation and weaken the land-ocean thermal contrast, thus inhibiting the development of monsoons. Locally, aerosol radiative effects alter the thermodynamic stability and convective potential of the lower atmosphere leading to reduced temperatures, increased atmospheric stability, and weakened wind and atmospheric circulations. The atmospheric thermodynamic state, which determines the formation of clouds, convection, and precipitation, may also be altered by aerosols serving as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei. Absorbing aerosols such as black carbon and desert dust in Asian monsoon regions may also induce dynamical feedback processes, leading to a strengthening of the early monsoon and affecting the subsequent evolution of the monsoon. Many mechanisms have been put forth regarding how aerosols modulate the amplitude, frequency, intensity, and phase of different monsoon climate variables. A wide range of theoretical, observational, and modeling findings on the Asian monsoon, aerosols, and their interactions are synthesized. A new paradigm is proposed on investigating aerosol-monsoon interactions, in which natural aerosols such as desert dust, black carbon from biomass burning, and biogenic aerosols from vegetation are considered integral components of an intrinsic aerosol-monsoon climate system, subject to external forcing of global warming, anthropogenic aerosols, and land use and change. Future research on aerosol-monsoon interactions calls for an integrated approach and international collaborations based on long-term sustained observations, process measurements, and improved models, as well as using observations to constrain model simulations and projections. C1 [Li, Zhanqing; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Yang, X.; Zhao, C.; Wang, K.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhanqing; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Yang, X.; Zhao, C.; Wang, K.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhanqing; Lau, W. K. -M.; Manoj, M. G.; Liu, J.; Lee, S. -S.; Cribb, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Zhanqing; Lau, W. K. -M.; Manoj, M. G.; Liu, J.; Lee, S. -S.; Cribb, M.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ramanathan, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Atmospher & Climate Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Wu, G.; Zhou, T.; Xia, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Ding, Y.; Zhang, H.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Qian, Y.; Fan, J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rosenfeld, D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. [Ming, Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wang, Y.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Huang, J.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Wang, B.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wang, B.; Yin, Y.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Atmospher Phys, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, X.; Guo, J.; Zhai, P. M.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka, Japan. [Sugimoto, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Babu, S. S.] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. [Brasseur, G. P.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Li, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Wang, Kaicun/F-7813-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Cribb, Maureen/K-1341-2013 OI Wang, Kaicun/0000-0002-7414-5400; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Cribb, Maureen/0000-0002-9745-3676 FU China's National Basic Research Program on Global Change [2013CB955804]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91544217]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS1534670]; NOAA [NA15NWS4680011]; U.S. Department of Energy [DESC0007171]; DOE ESM Program [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX We are grateful to the following people who provided some of the original figures used in this article: Jaehwa Lee (Figure 1), F. Song (Figure 2), J. Wu and J. Lin (Figure 6), J. Xin (Figure 7a), K. Lee (Figures 4c and 7b), A. Robock (Figure 11), S. Dey (Figure 14), V. Vinoj (Figure 18), R. Zhang (Figure 19), and Jun Matsumoto (Figure 30). The bulk of the writing was done while the lead author was on sabbatical leave at the Beijing Normal University and the Max-Planck Institutes of Germany. Major funding supports pertinent to this work have been provided by the China's National Basic Research Program on Global Change (grant 2013CB955804), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 91544217), U.S. National Science Foundation (AGS1534670), NOAA (NA15NWS4680011), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0007171), DOE ESM Program under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 474 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 54 IS 4 BP 866 EP 929 DI 10.1002/2015RG000500 PG 64 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA EJ4WM UT WOS:000393217800004 ER PT J AU Scharf, HR Hooten, MB Fosdick, BK Johnson, DS London, JM Durban, JW AF Scharf, Henry R. Hooten, Mevin B. Fosdick, Bailey K. Johnson, Devin S. London, Josh M. Durban, John W. TI DYNAMIC SOCIAL NETWORKS BASED ON MOVEMENT SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic social network; animal movement; Orcinus orca; hidden Markov model; Gaussian Markov random field ID ANIMAL TELEMETRY DATA; KILLER WHALES; SPACE MODELS; PATTERNS; ANTARCTICA AB Network modeling techniques provide a means for quantifying social structure in populations of individuals. Data used to define social connectivity are often expensive to collect and based on case-specific, ad hoc criteria. Moreover, in applications involving animal social networks, collection of these data is often opportunistic and can be invasive. Frequently, the social network of interest for a given population is closely related to the way individuals move. Thus, telemetry data, which are minimally invasive and relatively inexpensive to collect, present an alternative source of information. We develop a framework for using telemetry data to infer social relationships among animals. To achieve this, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model with an underlying dynamic social network controlling movement of individuals via two mechanisms: an attractive effect and an aligning effect. We demonstrate the model and its ability to accurately identify complex social behavior in simulation, and apply our model to telemetry data arising from killer whales. Using auxiliary information about the study population, we investigate model validity and find the inferred dynamic social network is consistent with killer whale ecology and expert knowledge. C1 [Scharf, Henry R.; Hooten, Mevin B.; Fosdick, Bailey K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife res UNIT, 201 JVK WAGAR BLDG, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.; London, Josh M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, ALASKA FISHERIES Sci Ctr, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanic & atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Scharf, HR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM henry.scharf@colostate.edu; mevin.hooten@colostate.edu; bailey.fosdick@colostate.edu FU Lindblad Expeditions; National Geographic Society; NSF rapid grant FX Killer whale tagging was conducted under permit #14097 from the National Marine Fisheries Service and Antarctic Conservation Act permit #2009-013. Shipboard tagging operations were supported by Lindblad Expeditions and the National Geographic Society, and by an NSF rapid grant to Ari Friedlaender. Robert Pitman helped with tag deployments and identification of killer whale types in the field. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2182 EP 2202 DI 10.1214/16-AOAS970 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA EI9HR UT WOS:000392819100022 ER PT J AU Arteaga, L Pahlow, M Oschlies, A AF Arteaga, Lionel Pahlow, Markus Oschlies, Andreas TI Modeled Chl:C ratio and derived estimates of phytoplankton carbon biomass and its contribution to total particulate organic carbon in the global surface ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; LIGHT COLIMITATION; LIMITED GROWTH; CHLOROPHYLL; TEMPERATURE; IRON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Chlorophyll (Chl) is a distinctive component of autotrophic organisms, often used as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass in the ocean. However, assessment of phytoplankton biomass from Chl relies on the accurate estimation of the Chl:carbon(C) ratio. Here we present global patterns of Chl:C ratios in the surface ocean obtained from a phytoplankton growth model that accounts for the optimal acclimation of phytoplankton to ambient nutrient, light, and temperature conditions. The model agrees largely with observed/expected global patterns of Chl:C. Combining our Chl:C estimates with satellite Chl and particulate organic carbon (POC), we infer phytoplankton C concentration in the surface ocean and its contribution to the total POC pool. Our results suggest that the portion of POC corresponding to living phytoplankton is higher in subtropical latitudes and less productive regions (similar to 30-70%) and decreases to similar to 10-30% toward high latitudes and productive regions. An important caveat of our model is the lack of iron limiting effects on phytoplankton physiology. Comparison of our predicted phytoplankton biomass with an independent estimate of total POC reveals a positive correlation between nitrate concentrations and nonphotosynthetic POC in the surface ocean. This correlation disappears when a constant Chl:C is applied. Our analysis is not constrained by assumptions of constant Chl:C or phytoplankton:POC ratio, providing a novel independent analysis of phytoplankton biomass in the surface ocean. These results highlight the importance of accounting for the variability in Chl:C and its application in distinguishing the autotrophic and heterotrophic components in the assemblage of the marine plankton ecosystem. C1 [Arteaga, Lionel] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pahlow, Markus; Oschlies, Andreas] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. RP Arteaga, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM laaq@princeton.edu OI Oschlies, Andreas/0000-0002-8295-4013; Arteaga, Lionel/0000-0002-2796-7452 FU European Community [282723] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework ProgrammeFP7/2007-2013, Space Theme, under grant agreement 282723 (OSS2015). This work is also a contribution of the Sonderforschungsbereich 754 "Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" (www.sfb754.de). All the details and web addresses needed to access the data used to produce our results are described in section 2 of this paper. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 2016 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1791 EP 1810 DI 10.1002/2016GB005458 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EJ0UY UT WOS:000392927300003 ER PT J AU De Leoz, MLA Duewer, DL Stein, SE AF De Leoz, M. Lorna A. Duewer, David L. Stein, Stephen E. TI NIST Interlaboratory Study on Glycosylation Analysis: Variety and Variability of Methods SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 19-22, 2016 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Glycobiol C1 [De Leoz, M. Lorna A.; Duewer, David L.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 EI 1460-2423 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 12 MA 212 BP 1461 EP 1462 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EJ0XX UT WOS:000392935600215 ER PT J AU Yorgun, MS Rood, RB AF Yorgun, M. Soner Rood, Richard B. TI A decision tree algorithm for investigation of model biases related to dynamical cores and physical parameterizations SO Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; OBJECT-BASED APPROACH; 1998 EL-NINO; PART I; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; GCM BIASES; LA-NINA; SIMULATION; VERIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB An object-based evaluation method using a pattern recognition algorithm (i.e., classification trees) is applied to the simulated orographic precipitation for idealized experimental setups using the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with the finite volume (FV) and the Eulerian spectral transform dynamical cores with varying resolutions. Daily simulations were analyzed and three different types of precipitation features were identified by the classification tree algorithm. The statistical characteristics of these features (i.e., maximum value, mean value, and variance) were calculated to quantify the difference between the dynamical cores and changing resolutions. Even with the simple and smooth topography in the idealized setups, complexity in the precipitation fields simulated by the models develops quickly. The classification tree algorithm using objective thresholding successfully detected different types of precipitation features even as the complexity of the precipitation field increased. The results show that the complexity and the bias introduced in small-scale phenomena due to the spectral transform method of CAM Eulerian spectral dynamical core is prominent, and is an important reason for its dissimilarity from the FV dynamical core. The resolvable scales, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions, have significant effect on the simulation of precipitation. The results of this study also suggest that an efficient and informative study about the biases produced by GCMs should involve daily (or even hourly) output (rather than monthly mean) analysis over local scales. C1 [Yorgun, M. Soner] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yorgun, M. Soner] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rood, Richard B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Yorgun, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Yorgun, MS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM soner.yorgun@noaa.gov RI Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008 OI Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AF77G]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0006684]; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA10OAR4310213] FX The authors thank Christiane Jablonowski, Derek Posselt, Kevin Reed, James Kent, and Jared Whitehead for their help in running idealized test cases and for their valuable input. We also would like to acknowledge the computing support by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (especially Lawrence Buja) for the model runs. The CAM EUL model data were provided by Julie Caron (jcaron@ucar.edu) from NCAR and the CAM FV model data were provided by Gerald Potter (Gerald. potter@nasa.gov) from the Lawrence Livermore National Lab archives. This study was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Award NNX08AF77G) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (Award DE-SC0006684), and by NOAA Climate Program Office (award number NA10OAR4310213), which supports the Great Lakes regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Center (GLISA). NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1769 EP 1785 DI 10.1002/2016MS000657 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI9FL UT WOS:000392813100014 PM 28239437 ER PT J AU Xu, KM Cheng, AN AF Xu, Kuan-Man Cheng, Anning TI Understanding the tropical cloud feedback from an analysis of the circulation and stability regimes simulated from an upgraded multiscale modeling framework SO Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; 3RD-ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURES; CLIMATE-CHANGE EXPERIMENTS; RESOLVING MODEL; RADIATION BUDGET; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; PART I; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERIZATION AB As revealed from studies using conventional general circulation models (GCMs), the thermodynamic contribution to the tropical cloud feedback dominates the dynamic contribution, but these models have difficulty in simulating the subsidence regimes in the tropics. In this study, we analyze the tropical cloud feedback from a 2 K sea surface temperature (SST) perturbation experiment performed with a multiscale modeling framework (MMF). The MMF explicitly represents cloud processes using 2-D cloud-resolving models with an advanced higher-order turbulence closure in each atmospheric column of the host GCM. We sort the monthly mean cloud properties and cloud radiative effects according to circulation and stability regimes. We find that the regime-sorted dynamic changes dominate the thermodynamic changes in terms of the absolute magnitude. The dynamic changes in the weak subsidence regimes exhibit strong negative cloud feedback due to increases in shallow cumulus and deep clouds while those in strongly convective and moderate-to-strong subsidence regimes have opposite signs, resulting in a small contribution to cloud feedback. On the other hand, the thermodynamic changes are large due to decreases in stratocumulus clouds in the moderate-to-strong subsidence regimes with small opposite changes in the weak subsidence and strongly convective regimes, resulting in a relatively large contribution to positive cloud feedback. The dynamic and thermodynamic changes contribute equally to positive cloud feedback and are relatively insensitive to stability in the moderate-to-strong subsidence regimes. But they are sensitive to stability changes from the SST increase in convective and weak subsidence regimes. These results have implications for interpreting cloud feedback mechanisms. C1 [Xu, Kuan-Man] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Cheng, Anning] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD USA. RP Xu, KM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Climate Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629 FU DOE Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0005450, DE-SC0008779]; NASA Interdisciplinary Study program FX This work has been supported by DOE Atmospheric System Research Program under Interagency agreement DE-SC0005450 and DE-SC0008779. The lead author is also supported by NASA Interdisciplinary Study program. The computational resources were provided by Argonne National Laboratory, DOE's Office of Science, and the local computation clusters: K-cluster and Icluster. We thank Peter Blossey of University of Washington for providing the Matlab code to verify some of the plots and SPCAM data presented in Table 1. We thank all reviewers for their constructive comments that lead to the improvement of the final manuscript. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1825 EP 1846 DI 10.1002/2016MS000767 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI9FL UT WOS:000392813100017 ER PT J AU Xiao, CL Lofgren, BM Wang, J Chu, PY AF Xiao, Chuliang Lofgren, Brent M. Wang, Jia Chu, Philip Y. TI Improving the lake scheme within a coupled WRF-lake model in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; WATER TEMPERATURE; ICE COVER; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; THERMAL STRUCTURE; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; CIRCULATION; EVAPORATION AB In this study, a one-dimensional (1-D) thermal diffusion lake model within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was investigated for the Laurentian Great Lakes. In the default 10-layer lake model, the albedos of water and ice are specified with constant values, 0.08 and 0.6, respectively, ignoring shortwave partitioning and zenith angle, ice melting, and snow effect. Some modifications, including a dynamic lake surface albedo, tuned vertical diffusivities, and a sophisticated treatment of snow cover over lake ice, have been added to the lake model. A set of comparison experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performances of different lake schemes in the coupled WRF-lake modeling system. Results show that the 1-D lake model is able to capture the seasonal variability of lake surface temperature (LST) and lake ice coverage (LIC). However, it produces an early warming and quick cooling of LST in deep lakes, and excessive and early persistent LIC in all lakes. Increasing vertical diffusivity can reduce the bias in the 1-D lake but only in a limited way. After incorporating a sophisticated treatment of lake surface albedo, the new lake model produces a more reasonable LST and LIC than the default lake model, indicating that the processes of ice melting and snow accumulation are important to simulate lake ice in the Great Lakes. Even though substantial efforts have been devoted to improving the 1-D lake model, it still remains considerably challenging to adequately capture the full dynamics and thermodynamics in deep lakes. C1 [Xiao, Chuliang] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lofgren, Brent M.; Wang, Jia; Chu, Philip Y.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Xiao, CL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cxiao@umich.edu OI Xiao, Chuliang/0000-0002-8466-9398; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI); University of Michigan [NA12OAR4320071] FX The authors acknowledge the NOAA Research and Development High Performance Computing Program for providing computing and storage resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (http://rdhpcs.noaa.gov). We thank Dr. Dmitry Beletsky for valuable comments, and Dr. Nathan Hawley for providing the mooring data in Lake Michigan. Special thanks to Nicole Rice for editing this paper. Figures are created with the NCAR Command Language (Version 6.3.0) [Software]. [2016]. Boulder, Colorado: UCAR/NCAR/CISL/VETS. http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5. All data and codes in this paper are available upon request to Dr. Chuliang Xiao (cxiao@umich.edu). The comments of two anonymous reviewers led to improvements in the quality of this manuscript. This research is funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), awarded to Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) through the NOAA Cooperative Agreement with the University of Michigan (NA12OAR4320071). This is the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Contribution Number 1844 and CILER contribution 1102. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1969 EP 1985 DI 10.1002/2016MS000717 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI9FL UT WOS:000392813100024 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Johnson, LT Wynne, TT Baker, DB AF Stumpf, Richard P. Johnson, Laura T. Wynne, Timothy T. Baker, David B. TI Forecasting annual cyanobacterial bloom biomass to inform management decisions in Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cyanobacteria; Phosphorus; Models; Lake Erie; Harmful algal blooms; Satellite ID GREAT-LAKES; RE-EUTROPHICATION; MAUMEE BAY; ADVANTAGES; DOMINANCE; HYPOXIA; MODEL AB Blooms of the toxic cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, have been both a public health and ecological concern in Lake Erie for over a decade. Although models were previously developed to forecast cyanobacterial bloom severity, the recent few years of bloom severity observations indicate the need to update these empirical models. The models that best estimate the bloom biomass use the Maumee River discharge or total bioavailable phosphorus (TBP) loading from March through July. TBP is the sum of the dissolved reactive phosphorus and the proportion of particulate phosphorus that is bioavailable, corrected for loss due to settling in the river. In years when average June water temperatures were too low for Microcystis growth (<17 degrees C), the July loads were excluded. As total phosphorus (TP) load includes much phosphorus that is not bioavailable (or reaches the lake), the load of TBP was considered, and it provided a model that better explained the blooms than the TP load. Residual discrepancies between predicted and observed blooms may involve factors such as the timing of the majority of the spring loads (e.g., most in March or most in June or July) and potential influence from an extremely large bloom in the previous year. The most extreme loads, such as seen in 2015, may cause different responses than more moderate loads. The models estimate bloom size in most scenarios observed and can serve as the foundation for setting nutrient reduction targets to decrease the occurrence of blooms in western Lake Erie. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.; Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Johnson, Laura T.; Baker, David B.] Heidelberg Univ, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH 44883 USA. EM richard.stumpf@noaa.gov OI Stumpf, Richard/0000-0001-5531-6860 FU NASA Public Health and Water Quality [NNHO8ZDA001N]; NASA Ocean Biology and Biochemistry Programs [14-SMDUNSOL14-0001] FX This work was partially supported by the NASA Public Health and Water Quality (NNHO8ZDA001N) and the NASA Ocean Biology and Biochemistry Programs (proposal 14-SMDUNSOL14-0001). Support for the long-term monitoring program on the Maumee River near Waterville has come from many sources, most recently including the State of Ohio through the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, The Andersons Charitable Foundation, and The Fertilizer Institute. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.006 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI5VL UT WOS:000392564300004 ER PT J AU Bertani, I Obenour, DR Steger, CE Stow, CA Gronewold, AD Scavia, D AF Bertani, Isabella Obenour, Daniel R. Steger, Cara E. Stow, Craig A. Gronewold, Andrew D. Scavia, Donald TI Probabilistically assessing the role of nutrient loading in harmful algal bloom formation in western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cyanobacteria blooms; Phosphorus load; Bayesian hierarchical model ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; PHOSPHORUS RELEASE; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM; MICROCYSTIS BLOOMS; MICHIGAN SALMONIDS; SHALLOW LAKES; REGIME SHIFTS; MAUMEE RIVER; LONG-TERM; ECOSYSTEMS AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased in frequency and magnitude in western Lake Erie and spring phosphorus (P) load was shown to be a key driver of bloom intensity. A recently developed Bayesian hierarchical model that predicts peak bloom size as a function of Maumee River phosphorus load suggested an apparent increased susceptibility of the lake to HABs. We applied that model to develop load-response curves to inform revision of Lake Erie phosphorus load targets under the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. In this application, the model was modified to estimate the fraction of the particulate P (PP) load that becomes bioavailable, and it was recalibrated with additional bloom observations. Although the uncertainty surrounding the estimate of the bioavailable PP fraction is large, inclusion in the model improves prediction of bloom variability compared to dissolved reactive P (DRP) alone. The ability to characterize model and measurement uncertainty through hierarchical modeling allowed us to show that inconsistencies in bloom measurement represent a considerable portion of the overall uncertainty associated with load-response curves. The updated calibration also lends support to the system's apparent enhanced susceptibility to blooms. The temporal trend estimated by the model results in an upward shift of the load-response curve over time such that a larger load reduction is required to achieve a target bloom size today compared to earlier years. More research is needed to further test the hypothesis of a shift in the lake's response to stressors over time and, if confirmed, to explore underlying mechanisms. (C) 2016 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bertani, Isabella; Steger, Cara E.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Sustainabil Inst, Water Ctr, 625 E Liberty St,Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Obenour, Daniel R.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stow, Craig A.; Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Steger, Cara E.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Campus Delivery A245, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ibertani@umich.edu FU University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1039043]; USEPA [EP-R5-11-07] FX This work was funded in part by the University of Michigan Graham Sustainability Institute, the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant 1039043, and the USEPA under contract EP-R5-11-07, Task Order 21. We are grateful to Richard Stumpf and Thomas Bridgeman for providing updated bloom estimates. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1816. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1184 EP 1192 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2016.04.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EI5VL UT WOS:000392564300005 ER PT J AU Clarke, JT Kennedy, AS Ferguson, MC AF Clarke, Janet T. Kennedy, Amy S. Ferguson, Megan C. TI Bowhead and Gray Whale Distributions, Sighting Rates, and Habitat Associations in the Eastern Chukchi Sea, Summer and Fall 2009-15, with a Retrospective Comparison to 1982-91 SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; gray whale; Eschrichtius robustus; Arctic; Chukchi Sea; habitat; aerial survey; feeding ID ARCTIC MARINE MAMMALS; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; WINTER MOVEMENTS; WESTERN BEAUFORT; ICE CONDITIONS; PATTERNS; ALASKA; CLIMATE; REGION AB We analyzed data from line-transect aerial surveys for marine mammals conducted in the eastern Chukchi Sea (67 degrees-72 degrees N, 157 degrees-169 degrees W) in July to October of 2009-15 to investigate bowhead and gray whale distributions, behaviors, sighting rates, and habitat selection preferences, the last of which allowed direct comparison with results from data collected in this area in 1982-91. Bowhead whales use the eastern Chukchi Sea primarily for migrating between the Beaufort Sea and the Bering Sea, while gray whales use the area to feed on locally abundant benthic amphipods and other prey. Bowhead whales were observed during all survey months and were distributed up to 300 km offshore west and southwest of Point Barrow, Alaska, but without a defined migratory corridor in either summer (July-August) or fall (September-October). Bowhead whale sighting rates (whales per km on effort) were highest in the shelf/trough (51-200 m North) depth zone in the northeastern Chukchi Sea in both summer and fall. This pattern was reflected in habitat selection ratios, which found bowhead whales in summer and fall selecting primarily shelf/trough habitat in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, with shelf habitat (36-50 m) being preferred secondarily. Gray whales were observed in all survey months and were distributed primarily within similar to 95 km of shore between Point Barrow and Icy Cape in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, and about 60-115 km southwest of Point Hope in the southern Chukchi Sea. In both summer and fall, gray whale sighting rates and habitat selection ratios were highest in the shelf/trough (51-200 m South) depth zone in the southern Chukchi Sea. In the northeastern part of the study area, gray whale sighting rates and habitat selection ratios both identified coastal habitat (<= 35 m) as preferred habitat in summer and shelf/trough (51-200 m North) as preferred habitat in fall. Distribution and habitat associations of bowhead and gray whales remained similar over the 34-year time span with one exception: gray whale preference for shelf/trough habitat in the southern Chukchi Sea is now evident throughout summer and fall, whereas three decades ago gray whale preference for that area was limited to fall only. C1 [Clarke, Janet T.] Leidos, 4001 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Kennedy, Amy S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab,Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Prog, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Clarke, JT (reprint author), Leidos, 4001 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM janet.clarke@leidos.com; amy.kennedy@noaa.gov; megan.ferguson@noaa.gov FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Alaska OCS Region [M08PG20023, M11PG00033] FX Funding for and co-management of aerial surveys in the northeastern Chukchi Sea were provided by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Alaska OCS Region (formerly, the Minerals Management Service) under Interagency Agreement Nos. M08PG20023 and M11PG00033, where we particularly appreciate the support and guidance of Jeffrey Denton, Carol Fairfield, and Charles Monnett. The ASAMM project was co-managed by the Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, where we appreciate the support and assistance of Robyn Angliss, Stefan Ball, John Bengtson, Amelia Brower, Cynthia Christman, Phillip Clapham, Mary Foote, Nancy Friday, David Rugh, Kim Shelden, Joanne Wejak, and Amy Willoughby. Mike Hay, of XeraGIS, provided invaluable and timely software support. Earlier versions of this paper were improved by comments from Thomas Evans, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Geof Givens, Colorado State University; Lori Quakenbush, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Brenda Rone, National Marine Fisheries Service; Robert Suydam, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management; and one anonymous reviewer. This manuscript was greatly improved by comments provided by Sue Moore, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, and reviews by John Citta, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Robert Suydam, and one anonymous reviewer. Numerous observers, pilots, mechanics, programmers, and other staff deserve our unmitigated appreciation for conducting surveys safely and effectively, collecting high-quality data, and carrying out numerous analyses. We also thank the North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management and National Weather Service personnel in Barrow for their continued assistance and the villages of Barrow and Kotzebue for their hospitality during the field seasons. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2016 VL 69 IS 4 BP 359 EP 377 DI 10.14430/arctic4597 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA EI2GJ UT WOS:000392304600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL Zhao, LJ Tong, DQ Wu, GJ Dan, M Teng, B AF Zhang, Xuelei Zhao, Lijing Tong, Daniel Q. Wu, Guangjian Dan, Mo Teng, Bo TI A Systematic Review of Global Desert Dust and Associated Human Health Effects SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Review DE desert dust; health effects; quantitative analysis; geographical distribution; mortality; morbidity; pathological mechanism ID ASIAN SAND DUST; CASE-CROSSOVER ANALYSIS; PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DAILY EMERGENCY ADMISSIONS; MURINE LUNG EOSINOPHILIA; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; SAHARAN DUST AB Dust storms and sandy dust events originating in arid and semi-arid areas can transport particulate material, pollutants, and potential transport long distances from their sources. Exposure to desert dust particles is generally acknowledged to endanger human health. However, most studies have examined anthropogenic particulate sources, with few studies considering contributions from natural desert dust. A systematic literature review was undertaken using the ISI Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases with the objective of identifying all studies presenting results on the potential health impact from desert dust particles across the world. This review reveals an imbalance between the areas most exposed to dust and the areas most studied in terms of health effects. Among the human health effects of dust storms are mortality and morbidity, arising from respiratory system, circulatory system, and other diseases. We summarize the quantitative results of current scientific health research and possible pathological mechanisms, and describe some of the many challenges related to understanding health effects from exposures to desert dust particles. Overall, for respiratory and circulatory mortality, both positive and negative associations have been reported for PM10 of desert dust, but only a positive relationship was reported between PM2.5-10 and mortality, and a positive relationship was also reported between PM2.5 and human mortality. Future pathological studies should continue to focus on those mechanisms causing the most harmful effect of desert dust on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. More attention should also be paid to the association between desert dust and the morbidity of other diseases, such as those affecting the reproductive system and nervous system. C1 [Zhang, Xuelei] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xuelei; Tong, Daniel Q.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhao, Lijing] Jilin Univ, Norman Bethune Med Sch, Dept Pathophysiol, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. [Tong, Daniel Q.] US NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wu, Guangjian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Dan, Mo] Beijing Municipal Inst Labor Protect, Beijing 100054, Peoples R China. [Teng, Bo] Jilin Univ, Hosp 2, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Changchun 130041, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm, Changchun 130102, Peoples R China.; Zhang, XL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Zhao, LJ (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Norman Bethune Med Sch, Dept Pathophysiol, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. EM zhangxuelei@neigae.ac.cn; zhao_lj@jlu.edu.cn; Tongquansong@neigae.ac.cn; wugj@itpcas.ac.cn; danmo2001@126.com; tengbo1975@163.com RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41571063, 21407148]; CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZZD-EW-TZ-07] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 41571063 and 21407148) and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams (No. KZZD-EW-TZ-07). The authors would like to thank Qinqian Zhou and Tianli Xu for their recommendations to improve this manuscript. NR 204 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR 158 DI 10.3390/atmos7120158 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI1YG UT WOS:000392282200006 ER PT J AU Reader, J AF Reader, Joseph TI Spectrum and Energy Levels of Four-Times Ionized Yttrium (Y V) SO ATOMS LA English DT Article DE yttrium; ionic spectrum; vacuum ultraviolet; wavelengths; energy levels; transition probabilities; parametric calculations; ionization energy ID IV AB The analysis of the spectrum of four-times-ionized yttrium, Y V, was extended to provide a large number of new spectrum lines and energy levels. The new analysis is based on spectrograms made with sliding-spark discharges on 10.7 m normal- and grazing-incidence spectrographs. The measurements cover the region 184-2549 angstrom. The results revise levels for this spectrum by Zahid-Ali et al. (1975) and by Ateqad et al. (1984). Five hundred and seventy lines were classified as transitions between 23 odd-parity and 90 even-parity levels. The 4s(2)4p(5), 4s4p(6), 4s(2)4p(4)4d, 5s, 5p, 5d, 6s configurations are now complete. Results for the 4s(2)4p(4)6d and 7s configurations are tentative. Ritz-type wavelengths were determined from the optimized energy levels, with uncertainties as low as +/- 0.0004 angstrom. The observed configurations were interpreted with Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels. Oscillator strengths for all classified lines were calculated with the fitted parameters. The results are compared with values for the level energies, percentage compositions, and transition probabilities from recent ab initio theoretical calculations. The ionization energy was revised to 607,760 +/- 300 cm(-1) (75.353 +/- 0.037 eV). C1 [Reader, Joseph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reader@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2218-2004 J9 ATOMS JI Atoms PD DEC PY 2016 VL 4 IS 4 AR 31 DI 10.3390/atoms4040031 PG 36 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA EI1JO UT WOS:000392233500005 ER PT J AU Luchetti, NT Sutton, JRP Wright, EE Kruk, MC Marra, JJ AF Luchetti, Nicholas T. Sutton, Jessica R. P. Wright, Ethan E. Kruk, Michael C. Marra, John J. TI When El Nino Rages How Satellite Data Can Help Water-Stressed Islands SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL AB There are more than 2,000 islands across Hawaii and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI), where freshwater resources are heavily dependent upon rainfall. Many of the islands experience dramatic variations in precipitation during the different phases of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Traditionally, forecasters in the region relied on ENSO climatologies based on spatially limited in situ data to inform their seasonal precipitation outlooks. To address this gap, a unique NOAA/NASA collaborative project updated the ENSO-based rainfall climatology for the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) encompassing Hawaii and the USAPI using NOAA's PERSIANN Climate Data Record (CDR). The PERSIANN-CDR provides a 30-yr record of global daily precipitation at 0.25 degrees resolution (similar to 750 km(2) near the equator). This project took place over a 10 week NASA DEVELOP National Program term and resulted in a 478-page climatic reference atlas. This atlas is based on a 30-yr period from 1 January 1985 through 31 December 2014 and complements station data by offering an enhanced spatial representation of rainfall averages. Regional and EEZ-specific maps throughout the atlas illustrate the percent departure from average for each season based on the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) for different ENSO phases. To facilitate intercomparisons across locations, this percentage-based climatology was provided to regional climatologists, forecasters, and outreach experts within the region. Anomalous wet and dry maps for each ENSO phase are used by the regional constituents to better understand precipitation patterns across their regions and to produce more accurate forecasts to inform adaptation, conservation, and mitigation options for drought and flooding events. C1 [Luchetti, Nicholas T.; Sutton, Jessica R. P.; Wright, Ethan E.] NOAA, NASA Develop, NCEI, Asheville, NC USA. [Luchetti, Nicholas T.; Sutton, Jessica R. P.; Wright, Ethan E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc SSAI, Asheville, NC USA. [Kruk, Michael C.] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Marra, John J.] NOAA, NCEI, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Luchetti, NT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM nluchett@vt.edu FU NASA [NNL11AA00B, NNX14AB60A]; NOAA Climate Data Records Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge Lance Watkins, Carl Noblitt, Alejandro Ludert, Carl Schreck, Olivier Pratt, Mark Lander, Luke He, Kevin Kodama, Charles Guard, Thomas Schroeder, Maria Ngemaes, and the NASA DEVELOP National Program Office for their support, edits, and commentary that has strengthened this research. Additionally, the authors would like to acknowledge and thank the reviewers of this manuscript, whose comments and suggestions strengthened the fundamentals of this article. This material is based upon work supported by NASA through contract NNL11AA00B and cooperative agreement NNX14AB60A. Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA Climate Data Records Program. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 12 BP 2249 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00219.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3CN UT WOS:000392367400004 ER PT J AU Boukabara, SA Zhu, T Tolman, HL Lord, S Goodman, S Atlas, R Goldberg, M Auligne, T Pierce, B Cucurull, L Zupanski, M Zhang, M Moradi, I Otkin, J Santek, D Hoover, B Pu, ZX Zhan, XW Hain, C Kalnay, E Hotta, D Nolin, S Bayler, E Mehra, A Casey, SPF Lindsey, D Grasso, L Kumar, VK Powell, A Xu, JJ Greenwald, T Zajic, J Li, J Li, JL Li, B Liu, JC Fang, L Wang, P Chen, TC AF Boukabara, Sid A. Zhu, Tong Tolman, Hendrik L. Lord, Steve Goodman, Steven Atlas, Robert Goldberg, Mitch Auligne, Thomas Pierce, Bradley Cucurull, Lidia Zupanski, Milija Zhang, Man Moradi, Isaac Otkin, Jason Santek, David Hoover, Brett Pu, Zhaoxia Zhan, Xiwu Hain, Christopher Kalnay, Eugenia Hotta, Daisuke Nolin, Scott Bayler, Eric Mehra, Avichal Casey, Sean P. F. Lindsey, Daniel Grasso, Louie Kumar, V. Krishna Powell, Alfred Xu, Jianjun Greenwald, Thomas Zajic, Joe Li, Jun Li, Jinliong Li, Bin Liu, Jicheng Fang, Li Wang, Pei Chen, Tse-Chun TI S4: AN O2R/R2O INFRASTRUCTURE FOR OPTIMIZING SATELLITE DATA UTILIZATION IN NOAA NUMERICAL MODELING SYSTEMS A Step Toward Bridging the Gap between Research and Operations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIKELIHOOD ENSEMBLE FILTER; LAND INFORMATION-SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLOUDY SKIES; IMPACT; SIMULATION; FRAMEWORK; MODIS; NWP AB In 2011, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) began a cooperative initiative with the academic community to help address a vexing issue that has long been known as a disconnection between the operational and research realms for weather forecasting and data assimilation. The issue is the gap, more exotically referred to as the "valley of death," between efforts within the broader research community and NOAA's activities, which are heavily driven by operational constraints. With the stated goals of leveraging research community efforts to benefit NOAA's mission and offering a path to operations for the latest research activities that support the NOAA mission, satellite data assimilation in particular, this initiative aims to enhance the linkage between NOAA's operational systems and the research efforts. A critical component is the establishment of an efficient operations-to-research (O2R) environment on the Supercomputer for Satellite Simulations and Data Assimilation Studies (S4). This O2R environment is critical for successful research to-operations (R2O) transitions because it allows rigorous tracking, implementation, and merging of any changes necessary (to operational software codes, scripts, libraries, etc.) to achieve the scientific enhancement. So far, the S4 O2R environment, with close to 4,700 computing cores (60 TFLOPs) and 1,700-TB disk storage capacity, has been a great success and consequently was recently expanded to significantly increase its computing capacity. The objective of this article is to highlight some of the major achievements and benefits of this O2R approach and some lessons learned, with the ultimate goal of inspiring other O2R/R2O initiatives in other areas and for other applications. C1 [Boukabara, Sid A.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhu, Tong; Zupanski, Milija; Zhang, Man; Grasso, Louie] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.; Mehra, Avichal] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Lord, Steve] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Goodman, Steven] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Geostationary Operat Environm Satellite Series R, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Joint Polar Satellite Syst, Lahnam, MD USA. [Auligne, Thomas; Moradi, Isaac; Hain, Christopher; Casey, Sean P. F.; Liu, Jicheng; Fang, Li] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pierce, Bradley; Zhan, Xiwu; Bayler, Eric; Lindsey, Daniel; Powell, Alfred] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Cucurull, Lidia] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Otkin, Jason; Santek, David; Hoover, Brett; Greenwald, Thomas; Li, Jun; Li, Jinliong; Wang, Pei] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia; Chen, Tse-Chun] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hotta, Daisuke] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Nolin, Scott] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kumar, V. Krishna] Riverside Technol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zajic, Joe] Integr Applicat, Lincoln, MA USA. [Li, Bin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Boukabara, SA (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Court,Suite 2617, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM sid.boukabara@noaa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 IS 12 BP 2359 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00188.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI3CN UT WOS:000392367400012 ER PT J AU Wright, CW Kranenburg, C Battista, TA Parrish, C AF Wright, C. Wayne Kranenburg, Christine Battista, Timothy A. Parrish, Christopher TI Depth Calibration and Validation of the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar, EAARL-B SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; laser hydrography ID SYSTEM AB The original National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was extensively modified to increase the spatial sampling density and improve performance in water ranging from 3-44 m. The new (EAARL-B) sensor features a 300% increase in spatial density, which was achieved by optically splitting each laser pulse into 3 pulses spatially separated by 1.6 m along the flight track and 2.0 m across-track on the water surface when flown at a nominal altitude of 300 m. Improved depth capability was achieved by increasing the total peak laser power by a factor of 10, and incorporating a new "deep-water" receiver, optimized to exclusively receive refracted and scattered light from deeper water (15-44 m). Two clear-water missions were conducted to determine the EAARL-B depth calibration coefficients. The calibration mission was conducted over the U.S. Navy's South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF), an established lidar calibration range located in the coastal waters southeast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. A second mission was conducted over Lang Bank, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. The EAARL-B survey was spatially and temporally coincident with multibeam sonar surveys conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship Nancy Foster. The NOAA depth data range from 10-100 m, whereas the EAARL-B captured data from 0-41 m. Coefficients derived from the SFTF calibration mission were used to correct the EAARL-B data from both missions. The resulting calibrated EAARL-B data were then compared with the original reference dataset, a jet-ski-based single beam sonar dataset from the SFTF site, and the deeper NOAA data from St. Croix. Additionally, EAARL-B depth accuracy was evaluated by comparing the depth results to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards. Results show good agreement between the calibrated EAARL-B data and all three reference datasets, with 95% confidence levels well within the maximum allowable total vertical uncertainty for IHO Order 1 surveys. C1 [Wright, C. Wayne] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Kranenburg, Christine] CNTS US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Battista, Timothy A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Parrish, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kranenburg, C (reprint author), CNTS US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ckranenburg@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 4 EP 17 DI 10.2112/SI76-002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900002 ER PT J AU Jasinski, MF Stoll, JD Cook, WB Ondrusek, M Stengel, E Brunt, K AF Jasinski, Michael F. Stoll, Jeremy D. Cook, William B. Ondrusek, Michael Stengel, Eric Brunt, Kelly TI Inland and Near-Shore Water Profiles Derived from the High-Altitude Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lidar; inland water; coast; altimetry; ICESat-2; ATLAS; MABEL; photon counting; 532-nm; light penetration; subsurface backscatter; solar background; significant wave height ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; SURFACE WIND-SPEED; WAVE-FORM LIDAR; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SATELLITE LIDAR; SHOALS SYSTEM; OCEAN SURFACE; MISSION; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE AB The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) mission is a six beam, low energy, high repetition rate, 532-nm laser transmitter with photon counting detectors. Although designed primarily for detecting height changes in ice caps, sea ice, and vegetation, the polarorbiting satellite will observe global surface water during its designed three-year life span, including inland water bodies, coasts, and open oceans. In preparation for the mission, an ICESat-2 prototype, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was built and flown on high-altitude aircraft experiments over a range of inland and near-shore targets. The purpose was to test the ATLAS concept and to provide a database for developing an algorithm that detects along track surface water height and light penetration under a range of atmospheric and water conditions. The current analysis examines the datasets of three MABEL transects observed from 20 km above ground of coastal and inland waters conducted in 2012 and 2013. Transects ranged from about 2 to 12 km in length and included the middle Chesapeake Bay, the near-shore Atlantic coast at Virginia Beach, and Lake Mead. Results indicate MABEL's high capability for retrieving surface water height statistics with a mean height precision of approximately 5-7 cm per 100-m segment length. Profiles of attenuated subsurface backscatter, characterized using a Signal to Background Ratio written in Log10 base, or LSBR0, were observed over a range of 1.3 to 9.3 m, depending on water clarity and atmospheric background. Results indicate that observable penetration depth, although primarily dependent on water properties, was greatest when the solar background rate was low. Near-shore bottom reflectance was detected only at the Lake Mead site down to a maximum of 10 m under a clear night sky and low turbidity of approximately 1.6 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The overall results suggest that the feasibility of retrieving operational surface water height statistics from space-based photon counting systems such as ATLAS is very high for resolutions down to about 100 m, even in partly cloudy conditions. The capability to observe subsurface backscatter profiles is achievable but requires much longer transects of several hundreds of meters. C1 [Jasinski, Michael F.; Stoll, Jeremy D.] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stoll, Jeremy D.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Cook, William B.] NASA, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ondrusek, Michael; Stengel, Eric] NASA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Brunt, Kelly] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Brunt, Kelly] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Jasinski, MF (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.f.jasinski@nasa.gov FU NASA Cryosphere Program through the ICESat-2 Project Office; Goddard Space Flight Center Strategic Support FX This work was supported by the NASA Cryosphere Program through the ICESat-2 Project Office, and also the Goddard Space Flight Center Strategic Support. We acknowledge the MABEL instrument and flight support team including Eugenia DeMarco, Dan Reed, and the ICESat-2 project scientists including Thorsten Markus and Thomas Neumann, the advice provided by David Harding of GSFC's Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory. Figures 1 and 2 were provided by the ICESat-2 Project Office. We are especially grateful to the NOAA NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research for conducting the 2013 field experiment in the Chesapeake Bay, and also two anonymous reviewers whose careful review and suggestions substantially improved the manuscript. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 44 EP 55 DI 10.2112/SI76-005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900005 ER PT J AU Pe'eri, S Madore, B Nyberg, J Snyder, L Parrish, C Smith, S AF Pe'eri, Shachak Madore, Brian Nyberg, John Snyder, Leland Parrish, Christopher Smith, Shep TI Identifying Bathymetric Differences over Alaska's North Slope using a Satellite-derived Bathymetry Multi-temporal Approach SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arctic; navigation charts; satellite-derived bathymetry; water clarity ID WATER DEPTH; IMAGERY AB Many nautical charts of Alaska's North Slope are based on chart data that have not been updated since the early 1950s. Additionally, these charts may have been compiled using inadequate data and contain unsurveyed areas. However, with more days per year of diminished Arctic sea-ice coverage, including along the North Slope, marine transportation in this region has increased during the past decade, thus increasing the need for updated nautical charts. Due to limited resources available for U.S. Arctic surveying, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is evaluating the capabilities of satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB). This technology has proven useful as a reconnaissance tool in tropical and subtropical waters and clear-water conditions, especially over sandy seafloor. But in the Arctic, glacial flour from land reduces water clarity and limits the light penetration depth, which may affect SDB calculations. A new multi-temporal SDB approach is described in this paper using multiple images to extract "clear water" areas acquired on different dates. As a proof-of-concept, the extinction depth and bathymetry were calculated over areas that overlap with NOAA Charts 16081 and 16082 using Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 imagery. The derived and charted bathymetry are similar in most areas up to 4.5 m deep. The results of the study also identified a potential uncharted shoal. The multi-temporal SDB approach was further investigated by NOAA and was used to process imagery for other areas along Alaska's North Slope. As a result, the new editions of NOAA Chart 16081 include the location of a potential uncharted shoal, which is the first time an SDB product was utilized for a NOAA chart. C1 [Pe'eri, Shachak; Madore, Brian] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Nyberg, John; Snyder, Leland; Smith, Shep] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Chart Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Parrish, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Parrish, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pe'eri, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Shachak@ccom.unh.edu FU UNH / NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center [NA10NOS4000073] FX This project was partially funded from the UNH / NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center grant NA10NOS4000073. The authors want to thank LTJG Anthony Klemm, NOAA, for his thoughts and comments and NOAA for providing the bathymetric data from the nautical charts used for this study. Also, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments that have improved the manuscript. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.2112/SI76-006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900006 ER PT J AU Pe'eri, S Morrison, JR Short, F Mathieson, A Lippmann, T AF Pe'eri, Shachak Morrison, J. Ru Short, Fred Mathieson, Arthur Lippmann, Thomas TI Eelgrass and Macroalgal Mapping to Develop Nutrient Criteria in New Hampshire's Estuaries using Hyperspectral Imagery SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Bay Estuary; eelgrass; macroalgae; bathymetric dataset; hyperspectral imagery; light attenuation ID ZOSTERA-MARINA; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; AQUATIC VEGETATION; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; ENGLAND ESTUARINE; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; COASTAL WATERS; VENICE LAGOON; WAQUOIT BAY; SEAGRASS AB In recent years, mapping of seagrass beds for assessment of water quality has become more common in the United States and around the world. The static location of seagrass on marine sediments and its sensitivity to light make it a good environmental indicator and an alternative to water sampling of suspended particulates and dissolved matter. The New Hampshire (NH) Department of Environmental Services (DES) adopted the assumption that eelgrass survival could be used as the water quality target for nutrient criteria in NH's estuaries. One of the hypotheses put forward regarding eelgrass decline in the Great Bay Estuary (GBE) is that a eutrophication response to nutrient increases caused proliferation of nuisance macroalgae. This paper presents an eelgrass and macroalgae mapping procedure using hyperspectral imagery (HSI) collected by an AISA Eagle sensor. In addition to HSI, an external source bathymetric dataset provided a key dataset in the procedure. The bathymetric dataset was used to correct for light attenuation by the water column for resolving bottom reflectance and to calculate the extinction depth of light in the estuary's water for mapping areas that are optically deep. The procedure was developed in the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) and includes two separate approaches based on the available spectral ranges for mapping vegetation above and below the water. A composite eelgrass and macroalgal map was produced over Great Bay proper. A high level of correlation was found between the eelgrass results to more detailed eelgrass maps (above 30% density) produced from aerial imagery and ground truthing. Little quantitative verification for the macroalgal data was available beyond a visual inspection. The two datasets showed good correlation. Based on the procedural results and long-term eelgrass mapping data, numeric nutrient criteria for NH's estuaries were developed. C1 [Pe'eri, Shachak; Lippmann, Thomas] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Morrison, J. Ru] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, NERACOOS, Rye, NH 03870 USA. [Short, Fred; Mathieson, Arthur] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Pe'eri, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Shachak@ccom.unh.edu FU Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP) [NA05NOS4001153] FX The project was funded in part by a grant from the Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership (PREP) as authorized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Estuary Program and UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center grant NA05NOS4001153. The hyperspectral imagery was collected by SpecTIR. Published as Scientific Contribution #523 from the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory. Also, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments that have improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2016 SI 76 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.2112/SI76-018 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA EH5MT UT WOS:000391817900018 ER PT J AU DiGangi, EA MacGorman, DR Ziegler, CL Betten, D Biggerstaff, M Bowlan, M Potvin, CK AF DiGangi, E. A. MacGorman, D. R. Ziegler, C. L. Betten, D. Biggerstaff, M. Bowlan, M. Potvin, C. K. TI An overview of the 29 May 2012 Kingfisher supercell during DC3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIABATIC LAGRANGIAN TECHNIQUE; OBSERVED CONVECTIVE STORMS; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; MICROPHYSICAL VARIABLES; DOPPLER RADAR; HAIL GROWTH; PART II; EVOLUTION; CHARGE; SYSTEM AB On 29-30 May 2012, the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment observed a supercell thunderstorm on the southern end of a broken line of severe storms in Oklahoma. This study focuses on an approximately 70 min period during which three mobile Doppler radars operated and a balloon-borne electric field meter, radiosonde, and particle imager flew through the storm. An overview of the relationships among flash rates, very high frequency (VHF) source densities, and Doppler-radar-derived storm parameters is presented. Furthermore, the evolution of the flash distribution relative to the midlevel storm's kinematics and microphysics is examined at two times during a period of rapid storm intensification. The timing of increases in VHF counts in the 8-10 km above ground level (agl) layer, which contained the largest VHF source counts, is similar to the timing of increases in updraft mass flux, in updraft volume, and in graupel volume at approximately 5-9 km agl. Although some increases in VHF source counts had little or no corresponding increase in one or more of the other storm parameters, at least one other parameter had an increase near the time of every VHF increase, a pattern which suggests a common dependence on updraft pulses, as expected from the noninductive graupel-ice electrification mechanism. A classic bounded weak lightning region was observed initially during storm intensification, but late in the period it appeared to be due to a wake in the flow around the updraft, rather than due to a precipitation cascade around the updraft core as is usually observed. C1 [DiGangi, E. A.; MacGorman, D. R.; Ziegler, C. L.; Potvin, C. K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [DiGangi, E. A.; MacGorman, D. R.; Ziegler, C. L.; Potvin, C. K.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Betten, D.; Biggerstaff, M.; Bowlan, M.; Potvin, C. K.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP DiGangi, EA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; DiGangi, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM elizabeth.digangi@noaa.gov FU NSF [AGS-1063945, AGS-1063537]; NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship FX The authors thank Alan Shapiro and Susan Postawko for their useful discussions that helped improve the manuscript. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Matthew Elliot, Eric Bruning, and Ron Thomas, who assisted with lightning analysis procedures; Ben Herzog and Kristin Calhoun, who assisted with WDSS-II applications; Doug Kennedy and Dennis Nealson for maintaining the OKLMA; and James Russell and Steve Fletcher, who provided assistance with coding and computer support. This research was sponsored by NSF grants AGS-1063945 and AGS-1063537 and by a NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship. Data used in this study are listed in the references. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 24 BP 14316 EP 14343 DI 10.1002/2016JD025690 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI1OR UT WOS:000392247400002 ER PT J AU Marke, T Ebell, K Lohnert, U Turner, DD AF Marke, Tobias Ebell, Kerstin Loehnert, Ulrich Turner, David D. TI Statistical retrieval of thin liquid cloud microphysical properties using ground-based infrared and microwave observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER CLOUDS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DROPLET SIZE; NETWORK; MODELS; PATH; ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; SHEBA AB In this article, liquid water cloud microphysical properties are retrieved by a combination of microwave and infrared ground-based observations. Clouds containing liquid water are frequently occurring in most climate regimes and play a significant role in terms of interaction with radiation. Small perturbations in the amount of liquid water contained in the cloud can cause large variations in the radiative fluxes. This effect is enhanced for thin clouds (liquid water path, LWP<100 g/m(2)), which makes accurate retrieval information of the cloud properties crucial. Due to large relative errors in retrieving low LWP values from observations in the microwave domain and a high sensitivity for infrared methods when the LWP is low, a synergistic retrieval based on a neural network approach is built to estimate both LWP and cloud effective radius (r(eff)). These statistical retrievals can be applied without high computational demand but imply constraints like prior information on cloud phase and cloud layering. The neural network retrievals are able to retrieve LWP and r(eff) for thin clouds with a mean relative error of 9% and 17%, respectively. This is demonstrated using synthetic observations of a microwave radiometer (MWR) and a spectrally highly resolved infrared interferometer. The accuracy and robustness of the synergistic retrievals is confirmed by a low bias in a radiative closure study for the downwelling shortwave flux, even for marginally invalid scenes. Also, broadband infrared radiance observations, in combination with the MWR, have the potential to retrieve LWP with a higher accuracy than a MWR-only retrieval. C1 [Marke, Tobias; Ebell, Kerstin; Loehnert, Ulrich] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Turner, David D.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Marke, T (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. EM tmarke@meteo.uni-koeln.de OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269 FU German Science Foundation (DFG); DFG infrastructural programs [INST 216/681-1, INST 216/519-1]; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); TR32 project FX The authors would like to thank the Transregional Collaborative Research Center (TR32) "Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Systems," which is funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) and has continuously contributed to the instrumentation of JOYCE and its maintenance. Further, the Humidity And Temperature PROfiler (HATPRO) and the Atmospheric Emitted Radiances Interferometer (AERI) used in this study have been funded by DFG infrastructural programs under grants INST 216/681-1 and INST 216/519-1. Data management as well as the closure study were incorporated by the research initiative "High Definition Clouds and Precipitation for advancing Climate Prediction HD(CP) 2 Supersites" (first phase 2012-2016) funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). The work by Tobias Marke was funded by the TR32 project "Experimental study of spatiotemporal structures in atmosphere-land surface energy, water and CO2 exchange (2014-2018)." The MODIS albedo MCD43A1.005 data product was retrieved from the online Data Pool, courtesy of the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC), USGS/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Access to the aerosol optical depths was made possible through AERONET and Birger Bohn from the Research Centre Julich (b.bohn@fz-juelich.de). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 24 BP 14558 EP 14573 DI 10.1002/2016JD025667 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI1OR UT WOS:000392247400016 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Uin, J Guenther, AB de Gouw, JA Yu, FQ Nadykto, AB Herb, J Ng, NL Koss, A Brune, WH Baumann, K Kanawade, VP Keutsch, FN Nenes, A Olsen, K Goldstein, A Ouyang, Q AF Lee, Shan-Hu Uin, Janek Guenther, Alex B. de Gouw, Joost A. Yu, Fangqun Nadykto, Alex B. Herb, Jason Ng, Nga L. Koss, Abigail Brune, William H. Baumann, Karsten Kanawade, Vijay P. Keutsch, Frank N. Nenes, Athanasios Olsen, Kevin Goldstein, Allen Ouyang, Qi TI Isoprene suppression of new particle formation: Potential mechanisms and implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEATION MODE PARTICLES; BOREAL FOREST SITE; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; OH CONCENTRATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Secondary aerosols formed from anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions have substantial impacts on human health, air quality, and the Earth's climate. New particle formation (NPF) contributes up to 70% of the global production of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but the effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and their oxidation products on NPF processes in forests are poorly understood. Observations show that isoprene, the most abundant BVOC, suppresses NPF in forests. But the previously proposed chemical mechanism underlying this suppression process contradicts atmospheric observations. By reviewing observations made in other forests, it is clear that NPF rarely takes place during the summer when emissions of isoprene are high, even though there are sufficient concentrations of monoterpenes. But at present it is not clear how isoprene and its oxidation products may change the oxidation chemistry of terpenes and how NOx and other atmospheric key species affect NPF in forest environments. Future laboratory experiments with chemical speciation of gas phase nucleation precursors and clusters and chemical composition of particles smaller than 10 nm are required to understand the role of isoprene in NPF. Our results show that climate models can overpredict aerosol's first indirect effect when not considering the absence of NPF in the southeastern U.S. forests during the summer using the current nucleation algorithm that includes only sulfuric acid and total concentrations of low-volatility organic compounds. This highlights the importance of understanding NPF processes as function of temperature, relative humidity, and BVOC compositions to make valid predictions of NPF and CCN at a wide range of atmospheric conditions. C1 [Lee, Shan-Hu; Ouyang, Qi] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Uin, Janek] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol Environm & Climate Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Guenther, Alex B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.; Koss, Abigail] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Yu, Fangqun; Nadykto, Alex B.; Herb, Jason] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Nadykto, Alex B.] Moscow State Univ Technol Stankin, Dept Appl Math, Moscow, Russia. [Ng, Nga L.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, Nga L.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Baumann, Karsten] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Morrisville Cary, NC USA. [Kanawade, Vijay P.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Olsen, Kevin; Goldstein, Allen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM shanhu.lee@uah.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NSF [AGS-1137821, 1241498, AGS-1242258, 1247421] FX S.H.L. thanks NSF (AGS-1137821 and 1241498) for the funding support; Paul Ziemann, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Bin Yuan, Neil Donahue, and Jason Surratt for their useful discussions; Yi You and Roxana Sierra for the assistance on measurements in SOAS; and Joel Thornton, Ben Lee, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, and Claudia Mohr for providing the concentrations of oxygenated organic compounds measured by the UW HRTOF-CIMS. The Caltech-CIMS measured IEPOX data are provided by Paul Wennberg, Tran Nguyen, Alex Teng, Jason St. Clair, and John Crounse, in support of NSF (AGS-1240604). N.L.N. and F.N.K. acknowledge funding from NSF (AGS-1242258 and 1247421). Data presented here care available at the SOAS data archive website: http://esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2013senex/. Please contact Shanhu Lee (sl0056@uah.edu) for questions. NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 24 BP 14621 EP 14635 DI 10.1002/2016JD024844 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI1OR UT WOS:000392247400020 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB Saylor, RD Baker, BD AF Hicks, Bruce B. Saylor, Rick D. Baker, Barry D. TI Dry deposition of particles to canopies-A look back and the road forward SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL DEPOSITION; VEGETATIVE CANOPIES; TOBACCO TRICHOMES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CONIFEROUS TREES; PINE PLANTATION; ROUGH SURFACES; UNITED-STATES; MASS-TRANSFER AB The so-called accumulation-size range of airborne particles is the center of a continuing disagreement about the formulation of dry deposition. Some contemporary meteorological and air quality models use theoretical developments based on early wind tunnel and other controlled experiments, while other models consider the bulk properties of the underlying surface and the ability of atmospheric turbulence to deliver particles to it. This dichotomy arose when the first micrometeorological measurements of particle deposition velocities became available, yielding numbers exceeding the highest expectations of the then-current models based on assumptions about inertial impaction and interception. The model predictions had previously been shown to be in accord with theoretical treatments of filtration. A common reaction was to distrust the field experimental results, but the experimental findings were supported by subsequent studies. The difference between model predictions and field measurements appears greatest for densely vegetated canopies. Ongoing research is investigating factors that could give rise to the discrepancy, e.g., turbulence intermittency, leaf orientation, leaf morphology, leaf flutter, electrical charges, and a number of phoretic effects. In the meantime, many investigators are faced with a decision as to whether to make use of parameterized field results or theoretical descriptions of behaviors that are not yet well examined. Here the history of the ongoing disagreement is reviewed, and some possible resolutions are presented. C1 [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. [Saylor, Rick D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Baker, Barry D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, NCWCP, R ARL, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM hicks.metcorps@gmail.com OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290; baker, barry/0000-0002-6431-2391 NR 126 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 121 IS 24 BP 14691 EP 14707 DI 10.1002/2015JD024742 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EI1OR UT WOS:000392247400025 ER PT J AU Marks, KM Smith, WHF AF Marks, K. M. Smith, W. H. F. TI Detecting small seamounts in AltiKa repeat cycle data SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Satellite data; Geoid height; Multibeam; Bathymetry; Seamounts ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; BATHYMETRY; ALTIMETRY; OCEAN AB We present a technique of stacking repeat cycles of satellite altimeter sea surface height profiles that lowers the noise and improves the resolution of small seamounts. Our approach differs from other studies because it uses the median (not the mean) of the stacks, which suppresses outliers. Seamounts as small as 720 m tall are easily detected in stacked 40 Hz AltiKa data profiles, and a 500 m tall seamount is perceptible. Noise variance decreases with an increase in the number of cycles stacked, and RMS noise dips below 2 cm when 11 or more cycles are stacked. Coherence analyses between geoid height and bathymetry show that full wavelengths down to about 10 km can be resolved. Comparisons of study areas with and without seamounts find that signal from small seamounts lies in the similar to 10-28 km waveband. A simple Gaussian band-pass filter based on the seamount waveband passes signals that can be used in seamount detection studies. Such studies may find seamounts < 2 km tall that are predicted to be abundant on the ocean floor. C1 [Marks, K. M.; Smith, W. H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, NCWCP, E RA31,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, NCWCP, E RA31,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Karen.Marks@noaa.gov RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495 FU Octave development community FX The comments of the editor, Dr. Wu-Cheng Chi, and two anonymous reviewers, improved this manuscript. We thank Rob Beaman (James Cook University, Cairns, Australia) for providing multibeam dataset EM122, collected on voyage 2015_v03 of RV Investigator granted by the Marine National Facility, made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. We also thank Brian Taylor, Andrew Goodliffe, and Fernando Martinez (University of Hawaii, USA) for providing multibeam data covering the Woodlark Basin. We used Google Earth Pro software that is available from Google Inc. (http://www.google.com/work/earthmaps.html). This work also made use of the free software package GNU Octave (http://www.octave.org), and the authors are grateful for the support of the Octave development community. GMT software (Wessel and Smith 1998) was used to make figures. Eric Leuliette provided helpful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 EI 1573-0581 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 37 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s11001-016-9293-0 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA EH9GP UT WOS:000392080000009 ER PT J AU Dorofy, P Nazari, R Romanov, P Key, J AF Dorofy, Peter Nazari, Rouzbeh Romanov, Peter Key, Jeffrey TI Development of a Mid-Infrared Sea and Lake Ice Index (MISI) Using the GOES Imager SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE sea ice concentration; shortwave infrared; GOES imager; remote sensing ID SNOW COVER AB An automated ice-mapping algorithm has been developed and evaluated using data from the GOES-13 imager. The approach includes cloud-free image compositing as well as image classification using spectral criteria. The algorithm uses an alternative snow index to the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI). The GOES-13 imager does not have a 1.6 mu m band, a requirement for NDSI; however, the newly proposed Mid-Infrared Sea and Lake Ice Index (MISI) incorporates the reflective component of the 3.9 mu m or mid-infrared (MIR) band, which the GOES-13 imager does operate. Incorporating MISI into a sea or lake ice mapping algorithm allows for mapping of thin or broken ice with no snow cover (nilas, frazil ice) and thicker ice with snow cover to a degree of confidence that is comparable to other ice mapping products. The proposed index has been applied over the Great Lakes region and qualitatively compared to the Interactive Multi-sensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS), the National Ice Center ice concentration maps and MODIS snow cover products. The application of MISI may open additional possibilities in climate research using historical GOES imagery. Furthermore, MISI may be used in addition to the current NDSI in ice identification to build more robust ice-mapping algorithms for the next generation GOES satellites. C1 [Dorofy, Peter; Nazari, Rouzbeh] Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. [Romanov, Peter] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr CR, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Key, Jeffrey] NOAA, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nazari, R (reprint author), Rowan Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM dorofyp5@students.rowan.edu; nazari@rowan.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov; Jeff.Key@noaa.gov RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Nazari, Rouzbeh/0000-0002-0664-438X; Dorofy, Peter/0000-0002-1131-8378 FU Rowan University; NOAA FX This work was funded by Rowan University and NOAA. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. We want to express our gratitude to the undergraduate students at Rowan University: Matthew Grosmick, Godfrey Joyner, and Andrew Plucinsky for assisting with data collection. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 8 IS 12 AR 1015 DI 10.3390/rs8121015 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA EI4UQ UT WOS:000392489400044 ER PT J AU Dinardo, BA Anderson, DZ AF Dinardo, Brad A. Anderson, Dana Z. TI A technique for individual atom delivery into a crossed vortex bottle beam trap using a dynamic 1D optical lattice SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INFORMATION; SINGLE-ATOM; RADIATION PRESSURE; DOPPLER LIMIT; SODIUM ATOMS AB We describe a system for loading a single atom from a reservoir into a blue-detuned crossed vortex bottle beam trap using a dynamic 1D optical lattice. The lattice beams are frequency chirped using acousto-optic modulators, which causes the lattice to move along its axial direction and behave like an optical conveyor belt. A stationary lattice is initially loaded with approximately 6000 atoms from a reservoir, and the conveyor belt transports them 1.1 mm from the reservoir to a bottle beam trap, where a single atom is loaded via light-assisted collisions. Photon counting data confirm that an atom can be delivered and loaded into the bottle beam trap 13.1% of the time. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Dinardo, Brad A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dinardo, BA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU IARPA Multi-Qubit Coherent Operations (MQCO) program [W911NF-10-1-0347] FX This work was supported by the IARPA Multi-Qubit Coherent Operations (MQCO) program through Contract No. W911NF-10-1-0347. We thank Professor Mark Saffman, Martin Lichtman, and Michal Piotrowicz from the University of Wisconsin, Madison for many great and useful discussions. We also thank Brian Lester at JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder for providing assistance. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 12 AR 123108 DI 10.1063/1.4972250 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EH9NA UT WOS:000392096800008 PM 28040917 ER PT J AU Pisenti, NC Restelli, A Reschovsky, BJ Barker, DS Campbell, GK AF Pisenti, N. C. Restelli, A. Reschovsky, B. J. Barker, D. S. Campbell, G. K. TI An ultra-low noise, high-voltage piezo-driver SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID 1-F NOISE; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present an ultra-low noise, high-voltage driver suited for use with piezoelectric actuators and other low-current applications. The architecture uses a flyback switching regulator to generate up to 250 V in our current design, with an output of 1 kV or more possible with small modifications. A high slew-rate op-amp suppresses the residual switching noise, yielding a total root-mean-square noise of approximate to 100 mu V (1 Hz-100 kHz). A low-voltage (+/- 10 V), high bandwidth signal can be summed with unity gain directly onto the output, making the driver well-suited for closed-loop feedback applications. Digital control enables both repeatable setpoints and sophisticated control logic, and the circuit consumes less than 150 mA at +/- 15 V. C1 [Pisenti, N. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pisenti, NC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM npisenti@umd.edu OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171; Pisenti, Neal/0000-0002-5918-6765; Barker, Daniel/0000-0002-4614-5833 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors would like to thank Z. Smith and D. Genkina for useful discussions. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 12 AR 124702 DI 10.1063/1.4969059 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EH9NA UT WOS:000392096800044 PM 28040942 ER PT J AU Saggu, P Mineeva, T Arif, M Cory, DG Haun, R Heacock, B Huber, MG Li, K Nsofini, J Sarenac, D Shahi, CB Skavysh, V Snow, WM Werner, SA Young, AR Pushin, DA AF Saggu, P. Mineeva, T. Arif, M. Cory, D. G. Haun, R. Heacock, B. Huber, M. G. Li, K. Nsofini, J. Sarenac, D. Shahi, C. B. Skavysh, V. Snow, W. M. Werner, S. A. Young, A. R. Pushin, D. A. TI Decoupling of a neutron interferometer from temperature gradients SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FACILITY AB Neutron interferometry enables precision measurements that are typically operated within elaborate, multi-layered facilities which provide substantial shielding from environmental noise. These facilities are necessary to maintain the coherence requirements in a perfect crystal neutron interferometer which is extremely sensitive to local environmental conditions such as temperature gradients across the interferometer, external vibrations, and acoustic waves. The ease of operation and breadth of applications of perfect crystal neutron interferometry would greatly benefit from a mode of operation which relaxes these stringent isolation requirements. Here, the INDEX Collaboration and National Institute of Standards and Technology demonstrates the functionality of a neutron interferometer in vacuum and characterize the use of a compact vacuum chamber enclosure as a means to isolate the interferometer from spatial temperature gradients and time-dependent temperature fluctuations. The vacuum chamber is found to have no depreciable effect on the performance of the interferometer (contrast) while improving system stability, thereby showing that it is feasible to replace large temperature isolation and control systems with a compact vacuum enclosure for perfect crystal neutron interferometry. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Saggu, P.; Cory, D. G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Mineeva, T.; Nsofini, J.; Sarenac, D.; Pushin, D. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Mineeva, T.; Cory, D. G.; Nsofini, J.; Sarenac, D.; Pushin, D. A.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Arif, M.; Huber, M. G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cory, D. G.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Cory, D. G.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L2Y5, Canada. [Haun, R.; Shahi, C. B.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Heacock, B.; Skavysh, V.; Young, A. R.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heacock, B.; Young, A. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Li, K.; Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Li, K.; Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Werner, S. A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mineeva, T; Pushin, DA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.; Mineeva, T; Pushin, DA (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.; Huber, MG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taisiya.mineeva@uwaterloo.ca; michael.huber@nist.gov; dmitry.pushin@uwaterloo.ca OI Nsofini, Joachim/0000-0003-0861-478X FU NSERC; CERC; CFREF; NIST Quantum Information Program; NIST; National Science Foundation [NSF PHY-1205342]; Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries; Indiana University Faculty Research Support Program FX We acknowledge financial support provided by NSERC "Create" and "Discovery" programs, CERC, CFREF, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. This work is supported by NIST and the National Science Foundation through Grant No. NSF PHY-1205342. K. Li and W. M. Snow acknowledge the support of the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries and the Indiana University Faculty Research Support Program. Engineering and technical support was provided by the NIST machine shop. We appreciate discussions with T. R. Gentile and the Neutron Beam Lifetime collaboration. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 87 IS 12 AR 123507 DI 10.1063/1.4971851 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA EH9NA UT WOS:000392096800022 PM 28040910 ER PT J AU Ng, CKY Ang, PO Russell, DJ Balazs, GH Murphy, MB AF Ng, Connie Ka Yan Ang, Put O. Russell, Dennis J. Balazs, George H. Murphy, Margaret B. TI Marine Macrophytes and Plastics Consumed by Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hong Kong, South China Sea Region SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CONSERVATION; DEBRIS; INGESTION; ECOLOGY; MEXICO AB This is the first identification of marine macrophytes consumed by green turtles in Hong Kong, South China Sea: 6 red algae species (Pterocladiella tenuis, Gelidium pusillum, Chondrus ocellatus, Gracilaria chorda, Grateloupia filicina, and Amansia glomerata), 1 brown alga species (Lobophora variegata), and 1 sea grass (Halophila ovalis) were identified. Plastics and other foreign materials were also found in the stomach contents of 2 of the 8 individuals sampled. C1 [Ng, Connie Ka Yan; Murphy, Margaret B.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ng, Connie Ka Yan; Murphy, Margaret B.] City Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Marine Pollut, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ang, Put O.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Russell, Dennis J.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Biol Chem & Environm Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Ng, CKY; Murphy, MB (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.; Ng, CKY; Murphy, MB (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Marine Pollut, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM kayan.ng.connie@gmail.com; ang@cuhk.edu.hk; drussell@aus.edu; George.Balazs@noaa.gov; mbmurphy.cityu@gmail.com NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 EI 1943-3956 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 15 IS 2 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EH5MM UT WOS:000391817200016 ER PT J AU Orr, JW AF Orr, James Wilder TI Two New Species of Snailfishes of the Genus Careproctus (Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SCORPAENIFORMES; TELEOSTEI; SEA AB Two new species of snailfishes are described from the central Aleutian Islands: Careproctus staufferi and Careproctus nelsoni. The new species have trilobed teeth, moderately large pelvic discs approximately 33-49% head length, a cephalic pore pattern of 2-6-7-2, and low counts of median fins and vertebrae, including dorsal-fin rays 39-42, anal-fin rays 33-37, and total vertebrae 44-46, which distinguish them from all other congeners. Most similar to one another, they may be readily distinguished by the configuration of the chin pores, which are paired in a single pit in C. staufferi and in separate pits in C. nelsoni. Although both are overall red and pale in coloration, C. staufferi has a lateral yellow slash across the dorsal part of the abdomen and posterior, while C. nelsoni has a broad, pale, unpigmented area across the anterior part of the dorsal fin extending and broadening ventrally to a bright white abdomen. Careproctus staufferi was collected at depths of 205-366 m; C. nelsoni, at 220-329 m. C1 [Orr, James Wilder] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM James.Orr@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC PY 2016 VL 104 IS 4 BP 890 EP 896 DI 10.1643/CI-15-378 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EH3NL UT WOS:000391678500012 ER PT J AU Dong, Y Li, QP Wu, ZC Zhang, JZ AF Dong, Yuan Li, Qian P. Wu, Zhengchao Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Variability in sinking fluxes and composition of particle-bound phosphorus in the Xisha area of the northern South China Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Particulate phosphorus composition; Sinking particles; Time-series fluxes; Sediment trap; Northern South China Sea ID ORGANIC-CARBON EXPORT; BOTTOM SEDIMENT TRAPS; PARTICULATE PHOSPHORUS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; WATER-COLUMN; PEARL RIVER; TH-234/U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM; INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; CYCLE; RESUSPENSION AB Export fluxes of phosphorus (P) by sinking particles are important in studying ocean biogeochemical dynamics, whereas their composition and temporal variability are still inadequately understood in the global oceans, including the northern South China Sea (NSCS). A time-series study of particle fluxes was conducted at a mooring station adjacent to the Xisha Trough in the NSCS from September 2012 to September 2014, with sinking particles collected every two weeks by two sediment traps deployed at 500 m and 1500 m depths. Five operationally defined particulate P classes of sinking particles including loosely-bound P, Fe-bound P, CaCO3bound P, detrital apatite P, and refractory organic P were quantified by a sequential extraction method (SEDEX). Our results revealed substantial variability in sinking particulate P composition at the Xisha over two years of samplings. Particulate inorganic P was largely contributed from Fe-bound P in the upper trap, but detrital P in the lower trap. Particulate organic P, including exchangeable organic P, CaCO3-bound organic P, and refractory organic P, contributed up-to 50-55% of total sinking particulate P. Increase of CaCO3-bound Pin the upper trap during 2014 could be related to a strong El Nifio event with enhanced CaCO3 deposition. We also found sediment resuspension responsible for the unusual high particles fluxes at the lower trap based on analyses of a two-component mixing model. There was on average a total mass flux of 78 +/- 50 m(-2) d(-1) at the upper trap during the study period. A significant correlation between integrated primary productivity in the region and particle fluxes at 500 m of the station suggested the important role of biological production in controlling the concentration, composition, and export fluxes of sinking particulate P in the NSCS. C1 [Dong, Yuan; Li, Qian P.; Wu, Zhengchao] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Li, QP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM qianli@scsio.ac.cn RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556 FU Chinese Recruitment Program of Global Experts; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0601203-02]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41676108] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. Drs Rong Xiang and Dongxiao Wang (SCSIO) are acknowledged for sharing sediment trap samples. This work was supported by the Chinese Recruitment Program of Global Experts, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0601203-02) and the Natural Science Foundation of China (41676108) to QPL. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 118 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.10.007 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EH4XK UT WOS:000391777000001 ER PT J AU Chen, C Cheng, L Weir, MD Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Zhou, XD Xu, HHK AF Chen, Chen Cheng, Lei Weir, Michael D. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Zhou, Xue-Dong Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Primer containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate kills bacteria impregnated in human dentin blocks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antibacterial bonding agent; dental restoration; dentin bond strength; dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate; killing bacteria in dentin; Streptococcus mutans ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; ANTIBACTERIAL MONOMER MDPB; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; BOND STRENGTH; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; COMPOSITES; ADHESIVES; CARIES; RESIN; SILVER AB Antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) was recently synthesized. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate antibacterial activity of DMADDM-containing primer on Streptococcus mutans impregnated into dentin blocks for the first time, and (2) compare the antibacterial efficacy of DMADDM with a previous quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) bonding agent was used. DMADDM and QADM were mixed into SBMP primer. Six primers were tested: SBMP control primer P, P+2.5% DMADDM, P+5% DMADDM, P+7.5% DMADDM, P+10% DMADDM, and P+10% QADM. S. mutans were impregnated into human dentin blocks, and each primer was applied to dentin to test its ability to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules. Bacteria in dentin were collected via a sonication method, and the colony-forming units (CFU) and inhibition zones were measured. The bacterial inhibition zone of P+10% DMADDM was 10 times that of control primer (P<0.05). CFU in dentin with P+10% DMADDM was reduced by three orders of magnitude, compared with control. DMADDM had a much stronger antibacterial effect than QADM, and antibacterial efficacy increased with increasing DMADDM concentration. Dentin shear bond strengths were similar among all groups (P>0.1). In conclusion, antibacterial DMADDM-containing primer was validated to kill bacteria inside dentin blocks, possessing a much stronger antibacterial potency than the previous QADM. DMADDM-containing bonding agent was effective in eradicating bacteria in dentin, and its efficacy was directly proportional to DMADDM mass fraction. Therefore, DMADDM may be promising for use in bonding agents as well as in other restorative and preventive materials to inhibit bacteria. C1 [Chen, Chen; Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xue-Dong] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Chen; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Periodont & Prosthodont, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Periodont & Prosthodont, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.; Zhou, XD (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, West China Coll Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, 14,Sect 3,Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM zhouxd@scu.edu.cn; hxu@umaryland.edu FU NIH [R01 DE17974]; West China School of Stomatology; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; Youth Grant of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province China [2014JQ0033]; bridge fund from University of Maryland Baltimore School of Dentistry; seed grant from University of Maryland Baltimore FX This study was supported by NIH R01 DE17974 (Hockin HK Xu), a scholarship from West China School of Stomatology (Chen Chen), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Lei Cheng), Youth Grant of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province China (2014JQ0033) (Lei Cheng), a bridge fund from University of Maryland Baltimore School of Dentistry (Hockin HK Xu), and a seed grant from University of Maryland Baltimore (Hockin HK Xu). There is no conflict of interest. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1674-2818 EI 2049-3169 J9 INT J ORAL SCI JI Int. J. Oral Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1038/ijos.2016.43 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA EH5NW UT WOS:000391820900006 PM 27811846 ER PT J AU Novella, NS Thiaw, WM AF Novella, Nicholas S. Thiaw, Wassila M. TI A Seasonal Rainfall Performance Probability Tool for Famine Early Warning Systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL DENSITY-ESTIMATION; BANDWIDTH SELECTION; PRECIPITATION; AFRICA; PRODUCTS AB This paper reports on the development of a new statistical tool that generates probabilistic outlooks of seasonal precipitation anomaly categories over Africa. Called the seasonal performance probability (SPP), it quantitatively evaluates the probability of precipitation to finish at predefined percent-of-normal anomaly categories corresponding to below-average (<80% of normal), average (80%-120% of normal), and above average (>120% of normal) conditions. This is accomplished by applying methods for kernel density estimation (KDE), which compute smoothed, continuous density functions on the basis of more than 30 years of historical precipitation data from the Africa Rainfall Climatology, version 2, dataset (ARC2) for the remaining duration of a monsoon season. Discussion of various parameterizations of KDE and testing to determine optimality of density estimates (and thus performance of SPP for operational monitoring) are presented. Verification results from 2006 to 2015 show that SPP reliably provides probabilistic outcomes of seasonal rainfall anomaly categories by after the early to midstages of rain seasons for the major monsoon regions in East Africa, West Africa, and southern Africa. SPP has proven to be a useful tool by enhancing operational climate monitoring at CPC for its prognostic capability for famine early warning scenarios over Africa. These insights are anticipated to translate into better decision-making in food security, planning, and response objectives for the U.S. Agency for International Development/Famine Early Warning Systems Network (USAID/FEWS NET). C1 [Novella, Nicholas S.; Thiaw, Wassila M.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Novella, Nicholas S.] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Novella, NS (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM nicholas.novella@noaa.gov FU U.S. Agency for International Development [AID-FFP-T-16-00001] FX Dr. Wasssila Thiaw acknowledges the support of the U.S. Agency for International Development (Grant AID-FFP-T-16-00001). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 55 IS 12 BP 2575 EP 2586 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0111.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6UK UT WOS:000391909200002 ER PT J AU Dong, L McPhaden, MJ AF Dong, Lu McPhaden, Michael J. TI Interhemispheric SST Gradient Trends in the Indian Ocean prior to and during the Recent Global Warming Hiatus SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW; DECADAL VARIABILITY; OBJECTIVE ANALYSES; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; REANALYSIS; SYSTEM; LEVEL; MODEL AB Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have been rising for decades in the Indian Ocean in response to greenhouse gas forcing. However, this study shows that during the recent hiatus in global warming, a striking interhemispheric gradient in Indian Ocean SST trends developed around 2000, with relatively weak or little warming to the north of 10 degrees S and accelerated warming to the south of 10 degrees S. Evidence is presented from a wide variety of data sources showing that this interhemispheric gradient in SST trends is forced primarily by an increase of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean induced by stronger Pacific trade winds. This increased transport led to a depression of the thermocline that facilitated SST warming, presumably through a reduction in the vertical turbulent transport of heat in the southern Indian Ocean. Surface wind changes in the Indian Ocean linked to the enhanced Walker circulation also may have contributed to thermocline depth variations and associated SST changes, with downwelling-favorable wind stress curls between 10 degrees and 20 degrees S and upwelling-favorable wind stress curls between the equator and 10 degrees S. In addition, the anomalous southwesterly wind stresses off the coast of Somalia favored intensified coastal upwelling and offshore advection of upwelled water, which would have led to reduced warming of the northern Indian Ocean. Although highly uncertain, lateral heat advection associated with the ITF and surface heat fluxes may also have played a role in forming the interhemispheric SST gradient change. C1 [Dong, Lu; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dong, L (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM lu.dong@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL [A1510010] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL (Grant A1510010). NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 24 BP 9077 EP 9095 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0130.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH6AO UT WOS:000391854800003 ER PT J AU Feiner, PA Brune, WH Miller, DO Zhang, L Cohen, RC Romer, PS Goldstein, AH Keutsch, FN Skog, KM Wennberg, PO Nguyen, TB Teng, AP DeGouw, J Koss, A Wild, RJ Brown, SS Guenther, A Edgerton, E Baumann, K Fry, JL AF Feiner, Philip A. Brune, William H. Miller, David O. Zhang, Li Cohen, Ronald C. Romer, Paul S. Goldstein, Allen H. Keutsch, Frank N. Skog, Kate M. Wennberg, Paul O. Nguyen, Tran B. Teng, Alex P. DeGouw, Joost Koss, Abigail Wild, Robert J. Brown, Steven S. Guenther, Alex Edgerton, Eric Baumann, Karsten Fry, Juliane L. TI Testing Atmospheric Oxidation in an Alabama Forest SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; OH-REACTIVITY; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; BOREAL FOREST; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TROPOSPHERIC OH; RO2 RADICALS; BOX MODEL; CHEMISTRY AB The chemical species emitted by forests create complex atmospheric oxidation chemistry and influence global atmospheric oxidation capacity and climate. The Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) provided an opportunity to test the oxidation chemistry in a forest where isoprene is the dominant biogenic volatile organic compound. Hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals were two of the hundreds of atmospheric chemical species measured, as was OH reactivity (the inverse of the OH lifetime). OH was measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and by taking the difference in signals without and with an OH scavenger that was added just outside the instrument's pinhole inlet. To test whether the chemistry at SOAS can be simulated by current model mechanisms, OH and HO2 were evaluated with a box model using two chemical mechanisms: Master Chemical Mechanism, version 3.2 (MCMv3.2), augmented with explicit isoprene chemistry and MCMv3.3.1. Measured and modeled OH peak at about 10(6) cm(-3) and agree well within combined uncertainties. Measured and modeled HO2 peak at about 27 pptv and also agree well within combined uncertainties. Median OH reactivity cycled between about 11 s(-1) at dawn and about 26 s(-1) during midafternoon. A good test of the oxidation chemistry is the balance between OH production and loss rates using measurements; this balance was observed to within uncertainties. These SOAS results provide strong evidence that the current isoprene mechanisms are consistent with measured OH and HO2 and, thus, capture significant aspects of the atmospheric oxidation chemistry in this isoprene-rich forest. C1 [Feiner, Philip A.; Brune, William H.; Miller, David O.; Zhang, Li] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Romer, Paul S.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.; Skog, Kate M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.; Nguyen, Tran B.; Teng, Alex P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [DeGouw, Joost; Koss, Abigail] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeGouw, Joost; Koss, Abigail; Wild, Robert J.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Guenther, Alex] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Edgerton, Eric; Baumann, Karsten] Atmospheric Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Fry, Juliane L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Brune, WH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM whb2@psu.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; FU NSF [AGS-1246918, AGS-1331360]; NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory; Electric Power Research Institute; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1240604, AGS-1247421, AGS-1628530] FX We thank the SOAS campaign organizers and leadership (A. M. Carlton, A. Goldstein, J. Jimenez, R. W. Pinder, J. de Gouw, B. J. Turpin, and A. B. Guenther), NCAR EOL personnel, and our hosts in Brent, Alabama, especially Mayor Dennis Stripling, for a successful field campaign. We also thank B. Baier for performing some model simulations and S. Kim and H. Harder for helpful conversations. SOAS financing and support was given by NSF, the NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory, and the Electric Power Research Institute. The Penn State effort was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1246918. Caltech acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant AGS-1240604 and NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Award AGS-1331360. The University of Wisconsin-Madison and Harvard acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants AGS-1247421 and AGS-1628530. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4699 EP 4710 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0044.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH3CK UT WOS:000391646500005 ER PT J AU Finn, D Reese, B Butler, B Wagenbrenner, N Clawson, KL Rich, J Russell, E Gao, Z Liu, H AF Finn, D. Reese, B. Butler, B. Wagenbrenner, N. Clawson, K. L. Rich, J. Russell, E. Gao, Z. Liu, H. TI Evidence for Gap Flows in the Birch Creek Valley, Idaho SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; MESOSCALE ALPINE PROGRAM; JUAN-DE-FUCA; INN VALLEY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; WILDLAND FIRE; WIND SYSTEM; PART II; STRAIT AB A field study was conducted of flows in the Birch Creek Valley in eastern Idaho. There is a distinct topographic constriction in the Birch Creek Valley that creates two subbasins: an upper and lower valley. The data were classified into one of three groups based on synoptic influence (weak/absent, high wind speeds, and other evidence of synoptic influence). Gap flows commonly developed downwind of the constriction in association with the weak/absent group but also occurred in association with the two synoptic groups suggesting the potential for more diverse origins. In general, the frequency and strength of gap flows appeared to be linked to the development of the requisite thermal regime and minimization of any synoptically driven southerly winds that would suppress outflows. Gap flows were characterized by high wind speeds with jetlike vertical profiles along the axis of the lower valley. For all three groups the morning transition in the upper valley and western sidewall usually proceeded slightly ahead of the lower valley, consistent with the principles of the topographic amplification factor. The persistence of southerly winds in the lower valley past evening transition inhibited the development of gap flows, promoted strong nighttime inversions, and delayed the onset of morning transition relative to the upper valley. Nocturnal temperature inversions in the lower valley were largely eliminated with the onset of strong gap flows resulting in earlier morning transitions there. The form for a method of predicting gap flow wind speeds is proposed. C1 [Finn, D.; Reese, B.; Clawson, K. L.; Rich, J.] NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Butler, B.; Wagenbrenner, N.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. [Russell, E.; Gao, Z.; Liu, H.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Finn, D (reprint author), NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM dennis.finn@noaa.gov FU NOAA; National Fire Plan; Joint Fire Science Program [10-1-07-16]; NSF AGS [1419614] FX We thank Dan Jimenez, Cyle Wold, and Paul Sopko for their assistance with the FSL deployment. We also thank Shane Beard and Tom Strong from ARLFRD for their work in maintaining the ARLFRD and LAR instrumentation during the field study. Funding for this work was provided in part by NOAA and the National Fire Plan and the Joint Fire Science Program (Project 10-1-07-16). The WSU participation of this work was partly supported by NSF AGS under Grant 1419614. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4873 EP 4894 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0052.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH3CK UT WOS:000391646500014 ER PT J AU Pu, ZX Zhang, SX Tong, MJ Tallapragada, V AF Pu, Zhaoxia Zhang, Shixuan Tong, Mingjing Tallapragada, Vijay TI Influence of the Self-Consistent Regional Ensemble Background Error Covariance on Hurricane Inner-Core Data Assimilation with the GSI-Based Hybrid System for HWRF SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES AB An initial vortex spindown, or strong adjustment to the structure and intensity of a hurricane's initial vortex, presents a significant problem in hurricane forecasting, as with the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF), because it can cause significantly degraded intensity forecasts. In this study, the influence of the self-consistent regional ensemble background error covariance on assimilating hurricane inner core tail Doppler radar (TDR) observations in HWRF is examined with the NCEP gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI)-based ensemble three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) hybrid data assimilation system. It is found that the resolution of the background error covariance term, coming from the ensemble forecasts, has notable influence on the assimilation of hurricane inner-core observations and subsequent forecasting results. Specifically, the use of ensemble forecasting at high-resolution native grids results in significant reduction of the vortex spindown problem and thus leads to improved hurricane intensity forecasting. Further diagnoses are conducted to examine the spindown problem with a gradient wind balance. It is found that artificial vortex initialization, performed before data assimilation, can cause strong supergradient winds or imbalance in the vortex inner-core region. Assimilation of hurricane inner-core TDR data can significantly mitigate this imbalance by reducing the supergradient effects. Compared with the use of a global ensemble background error term, application of the self-consistent regional ensemble background covariance to inner core data assimilation leads to better representation of the mesoscale hurricane inner-core structures. It can also result in more realistic vortex structures in data assimilation even when the observational data are unevenly distributed. C1 [Pu, Zhaoxia; Zhang, Shixuan] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 S 1460 E,Rm 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Tong, Mingjing; Tallapragada, Vijay] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 S 1460 E,Rm 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM zhaoxia.pu@utah.edu FU NOAA [NA14NWS4680025]; NSF [AGS-1243027] FX Computer resources from the NOAA TJet supercomputer maintained by NOAA/ESRL and the Center for High-Performance Computing (CHPC) at the University of Utah are acknowledged. Software and data support by the NCAR Development Testbed Center (DTC) is also appreciated. This study is supported by NOAA Grant NA14NWS4680025. The first author (ZP) is also supported by NSF Award AGS-1243027. Review comments from Prof. Chun-Chieh Wu and three anonymous reviewers have been very helpful in improving the manuscript. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4911 EP 4925 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0017.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH3CK UT WOS:000391646500016 ER PT J AU Glassmeier, F Lohmann, U AF Glassmeier, Franziska Lohmann, Ulrike TI Constraining Precipitation Susceptibility of Warm-, Ice-, and Mixed-Phase Clouds with Microphysical Equations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; AEROSOL; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; WATER; NUCLEI; LIQUID AB The strength of the effective anthropogenic climate forcing from aerosol cloud interactions is related to the susceptibility of precipitation to aerosol effects. Precipitation susceptibility dlnP/dlnN has been proposed as a metric to quantify the effect of aerosol-induced changes in cloud droplet number N on warm precipitation rate P. Based on the microphysical rate equations of the Seifert and Beheng two-moment bulk microphysics scheme, susceptibilities of warm-, mixed-, and ice-phase precipitation and cirrus sedimentation to cloud droplet and ice crystal number are estimated. The estimation accounts for microphysical adjustments to the initial perturbation in N. For warm rain, dlnP/dlnN < -2aut/(aut + acc) is found, which depends on the rates of autoconversion (aut) and accretion (acc). Cirrus sedimentation susceptibility corresponds to the exponent of crystal sedimentation velocity with a value of -0.2. For mixed-phase clouds, several microphysical contributions that explain low precipitation susceptibilities are identified: (i) Because of the larger hydrometeor sizes involved, mixed-phase collection processes are less sensitive to changes in hydrometeor size than auto conversion. (ii) Only a subset of precipitation formation processes is sensitive to droplet or crystal number. (iii) Effects on collection processes and diffusional growth compensate. (iv) Adjustments in cloud liquid and ice amount compensate the effect of changes in ice crystal and cloud droplet number. (v) Aerosol perturbations that simultaneously affect ice crystal and droplet number have opposing effects. C1 [Glassmeier, Franziska; Lohmann, Ulrike] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Glassmeier, F (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM franziska.glassmeier@noaa.gov FU ETH-domain CCES project OPTIWARES [41-02] FX This work was funded by the ETH-domain CCES project OPTIWARES (41-02). The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 5003 EP 5023 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0008.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH3CK UT WOS:000391646500022 ER PT J AU Jucker, M AF Jucker, Martin TI Are Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Generic? Insights from an Idealized GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RELATIVELY SIMPLE AGCM; POLAR VORTEX; CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPOSPHERE; WEATHER; DYNAMICS; EVENTS; EDDIES; SKILL; STATE AB This work examines the life cycle of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) from composites of a large number of events. The events are sampled from idealized general circulation model (GCM) integrations and form a database of several hundred major, displacement, splitting, and weak vortex events. It is shown that except for a few details, the generic zonal-mean evolution does not depend on the definition used to detect SSWs. In all cases, the composites show the stratosphere in a positive annular mode phase prior to the events and a barotropic response in the stratosphere at onset. There is a clear positive peak in upward Eliassen Palm (EP) flux prior to the onset date in the stratosphere and a much weaker peak in the troposphere, making the evolution more consistent with the picture of the stratosphere acting as a variable filter of tropospheric EP flux, rather than SSWs being forced by a strong "burst" in the troposphere. When comparing composites of SSWs from the database with apparent influence at the surface (downward "propagating") to those without such influence, the only significant differences are a somewhat more barotropic response at the onset date and longer persistence in the lower stratosphere after the onset for propagating SSWs. There is no significant difference in EP flux between propagating and nonpropagating events, and none of the definitions considered here shows a particular skill in selecting propagating events. C1 [Jucker, Martin] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jucker, M (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, McCoy Bldg, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.; Jucker, M (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, McCoy Bldg, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM publications@martinjucker.com OI Jucker, Martin/0000-0002-4227-315X FU ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science [CE110001028]; National Science Foundation [NSF-AGS-1144302, AGS-1264195] FX The author acknowledges the support of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science (CE110001028) during the revision of this article.; This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants NSF-AGS-1144302 and AGS-1264195. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 73 IS 12 BP 5061 EP 5080 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0353.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH3CK UT WOS:000391646500025 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Liu, G Levin, I Williamson, I Ackerman, P Talley, KR Martin, J AlHamdan, K Badegaish, W Kaduk, JA Li, L AF Wong-Ng, W. Liu, G. Levin, I. Williamson, I. Ackerman, P. Talley, K. R. Martin, J. AlHamdan, K. Badegaish, W. Kaduk, J. A. Li, L. TI X-ray diffraction and density functional theory studies of R(Fe0.5Co0.5)O-3 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE R(Fe0.5Co0.5)O-3 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd); DFT calculations; TEM; crystal structure; X-ray powder diffraction patterns ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; POWDER DIFFRACTION; NAMGF3 PEROVSKITE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; O SYSTEM; REFINEMENT; CA3CO2O6 AB The structure of a series of lanthanide iron cobalt perovskite oxides, R(Fe0.5Co0.5)O-3 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd), have been investigated. The space group of these compounds was confirmed to be orthorhombic Pnma (No. 62), Z = 4. From Pr to Gd, the lattice parameter a varies from 5.466 35(13) angstrom to 5.507 10(13) angstrom, b from 7.7018(2) to 7.561 75(13) angstrom, c from 5.443 38(10) to 5.292 00(8) angstrom, and unit-cell volume V from 229.170(9) angstrom(3) to 220.376(9) angstrom(3), respectively. While the trend of V follows the trend of the lanthanide contraction, the lattice parameter "a" increases as the ionic radius r(R3+) decreases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy confirm that Fe and Co are disordered over the octahedral sites. The structure distortion of these compounds is evidenced in the tilt angles theta, phi, and omega, which represent rotations of an octahedron about the pseudocubic perovskite [110](p), [001](p), and [111](p) axes. All three tilt angles increase across the lanthanide series (for R = Pr to R = Gd:. theta increases from 12.3 degrees to 15.2 degrees, f from 7.5 degrees to 15.8 degrees, and omega from 14.4 degrees to 21.7 degrees), indicating a greater octahedral distortion as r(R3+) decreases. The bond valence sum for the sixfold (Fe/Co) site and the eightfold R site of R(Fe0.5Co0.5)O-3 reveal no significant bond strain. Density Functional Theory calculations for Pr(Fe0.5Co0.5)O-3 support the disorder of Fe and Co and suggest that this compound to be a narrow band gap semiconductor. XRD patterns of the R(Fe0.5Co0.5)O-3 samples were submitted to the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2016 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Levin, I.; Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, G.] China Univ Geosci, Sci Res Inst, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Williamson, I.; Talley, K. R.; Li, L.] Boise State Univ, Micron Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Ackerman, P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [AlHamdan, K.; Badegaish, W.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Li, L.] Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU ICDD FX ICDD is acknowledged for Grant-in-Aid assistance for the project. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1017/S088571561600049X PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA EH0DM UT WOS:000391432800002 ER PT J AU Liu, G Wong-Ng, W Kaduk, JA AF Liu, G. Wong-Ng, W. Kaduk, J. A. TI Crystal chemistry and X-ray diffraction patterns for Co(NixZn1-x) Nb4O12 (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE Co(NixZn1-x)Nb4O12; columbite-type structure; powder X-ray diffraction patterns; thermoelectric oxides ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; O SYSTEM; REFINEMENT; COLUMBITE; PRESSURE; CA3CO2O6 AB X-ray reference powder patterns and structures have been determined for a series of cobalt-, nickeland zinc-containing niobates, Co(NixZn1-x)Nb4O12 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The Co(NixZn1-x)Nb4O12 series crystallize in the space group of Pbcn, which is of the disordered columbite-type structure (alpha-PbO2). The lattice parameters range from a = 14.11190(13) to 14.1569(3) angstrom, b = 5.69965(6) to 5.71209(13) angstrom, c = 5.03332(5) to 5.03673(11) angstrom, and V = 404.844(8) to 407.296(17) angstrom(3) from x = 0.8 to 0.2, respectively. Co(NixZn1-x)Nb4O12 contains double zig-zag chains of NbO6 octahedra and single chain of (Ni, Zn, Co) O6 octahedra run parallel to the bc-plane. Within the same chain the NbO6 octahedra share edges, while the adjacent NbO6 chains are joined to each other through common oxygen corners. These double NbO6 chains are further linked together along the [100]-direction through another (Co, Ni, Zn)O-6 units, via common oxygen corners. The edge-sharing (Co, Ni, Zn)O-6 also forms zig-zag chains along the c-axis. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of this series of compounds have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2016 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Liu, G.] China Univ Geosci, Sch Sci Res, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] North Cent Coll, Dept Phys, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU ICDD FX Partial financial support from ICDD is acknowledged. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 4 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1017/S0885715616000531 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA EH0DM UT WOS:000391432800005 ER PT J AU Trudelle, L Cerchio, S Zerbini, AN Geyer, Y Mayer, FX Jung, JL Herve, MR Pous, S Sallee, JB Rosenbaum, HC Adam, O Charrassin, JB AF Trudelle, Laurene Cerchio, Salvatore Zerbini, Alexandre N. Geyer, Ygor Mayer, Francois-Xavier Jung, Jean-Luc Herve, Maxime R. Pous, Stephane Sallee, Jean-Baptiste Rosenbaum, Howard C. Adam, Olivier Charrassin, Jean-Benoit TI Influence of environmental parameters on movements and habitat utilization of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Madagascar breeding ground SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whales; satellite telemetry; Madagascar; movement patterns; environmental parameters; habitat use ID WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; MIGRATING LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SOUTH ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BALEEN WHALES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; HAWAIIAN WATERS; SEA-TURTLES; CURRENTS; BEHAVIOR; ORIENTATION AB Assessing the movement patterns and key habitat features of breeding humpback whales is a prerequisite for the conservation management of this philopatric species. To investigate the interactions between humpback whale movements and environmental conditions off Madagascar, we deployed 25 satellite tags in the northeast and southwest coast of Madagascar. For each recorded position, we collated estimates of environmental variables and computed two behavioural metrics: behavioural state of 'transiting' (consistent/directional) versus `localized' (variable/nondirectional), and active swimming speed (i.e. speed relative to the current). On coastal habitats (i.e. bathymetry<200m and in adjacent areas), females showed localized behaviour in deep waters (191 +/- 20 m) and at large distances (14 +/- 0.6 km) from shore, suggesting that their breeding habitat extends beyond the shallowest waters available close to the coastline. Males' active swimming speed decreased in shallow waters, but environmental parameters did not influence their likelihood to exhibit localized movements, which was probably dominated by social factors instead. In oceanic habitats, both males and females showed localized behaviours in shallow waters and favoured high chlorophyll-a concentrations. Active swimming speed accounts for a large proportion of observed movement speed; however, breeding humpback whales probably exploit prevailing ocean currents to maximize displacement. This study provides evidence that coastal areas, generally subject to strong human pressure, remain the core habitat of humpback whales off Madagascar. Our results expand the knowledge of humpback whale habitat use in oceanic habitat and response to variability of environmental factors such as oceanic current and chlorophyll level. C1 [Trudelle, Laurene; Adam, Olivier] Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8195, Inst Neurosci Paris Saclay NeuroPSI, Bioacoust Team, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Trudelle, Laurene; Pous, Stephane; Sallee, Jean-Baptiste; Charrassin, Jean-Benoit] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ UPMC, CNRS, LOCEAN,IPSL,IRD,MNHN, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Trudelle, Laurene] Biotope, Unite Rech & Dev, 22 Blvd Marechal Foch,BP 58, F-34140 Meze, France. [Cerchio, Salvatore] New England Aquarium, Cent Wharf, Boston, MA USA. [Cerchio, Salvatore] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 4th Ave W, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Geyer, Ygor] Inst Aqualie, Av Dr Paulo Japiassu 714-206, BR-36033310 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Mayer, Francois-Xavier] Cetamada, Ambodifotatra BP 5, St Marie 515, Madagascar. [Jung, Jean-Luc] BioGemme Lab, Brest, France. [Herve, Maxime R.] Inst Plant Sci Biot Interact Grp, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland. [Herve, Maxime R.] INRA, UMR1349, IGEPP, Le Rheu, France. [Pous, Stephane] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Cape Town, South Africa. [Rosenbaum, Howard C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Ocean Giants Program, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Adam, Olivier] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS UMR 7190, Inst Jean Le Rond dAlembert, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Trudelle, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8195, Inst Neurosci Paris Saclay NeuroPSI, Bioacoust Team, F-91405 Orsay, France.; Trudelle, L (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ UPMC, CNRS, LOCEAN,IPSL,IRD,MNHN, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.; Trudelle, L (reprint author), Biotope, Unite Rech & Dev, 22 Blvd Marechal Foch,BP 58, F-34140 Meze, France. EM laurene.trudelle@gmail.com FU Total Foundation FX Funding was provided by Total Foundation to NeuroPSI, and by individuals and foundations to the WCS Ocean Giants Program. NR 116 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 3 IS 12 AR UNSP 160616 DI 10.1098/rsos.160616 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EH4HH UT WOS:000391731800017 PM 28083104 ER PT J AU Anderson-Frey, AK Richardson, YP Dean, AR Thompson, RL Smith, BT AF Anderson-Frey, Alexandra K. Richardson, Yvette P. Dean, Andrew R. Thompson, Richard L. Smith, Bryan T. TI Investigation of Near-Storm Environments for Tornado Events and Warnings SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIGNIFICANT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS; FORECAST PARAMETERS; VERTICAL VORTICITY; CONVECTIVE MODES; FALSE ALARMS; PART I; CLIMATOLOGY; SUPERCELL; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB In this study, a 13-yr climatology of tornado event and warning environments, including metrics of tornado intensity and storm morphology, is investigated with particular focus on the environments of tornadoes associated with quasi-linear convective systems and right-moving supercells. The regions of the environmental parameter space having poor warning performance in various geographical locations, as well as during different times of the day and year, are highlighted. Kernel density estimations of the tornado report and warning environments are produced for two parameter spaces: mixed-layer convective available potential energy (MLCAPE) versus 0-6-km vector shear magnitude (SHR6), and mixed-layer lifting condensation level (MLLCL) versus 0-1-km storm-relative helicity (SRH1). The warning performance is best in environments characteristic of severe convection (i.e., environments featuring large values of MLCAPE and SHR6). For tornadoes occurring during the early evening transition period, MLCAPE is maximized, MLLCL heights decrease, SHR6 and SRH1 increase, tornadoes rated as 2 or greater on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF2+) are most common, the probability of detection is relatively high, and false alarm ratios are relatively low. Overall, the parameter-space distributions of warnings and events are similar; at least in a broad sense, there is no systematic problem with forecasting that explains the high overall false alarm ratio, which instead seems to stem from the inability to know which storms in a given environment will be tornadic. C1 [Anderson-Frey, Alexandra K.; Richardson, Yvette P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dean, Andrew R.; Thompson, Richard L.; Smith, Bryan T.] Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Anderson-Frey, AK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aka145@psu.edu FU NSERC [PGSD3-462554-2012]; NOAA CSTAR Program Award [NA14NWS4680015] FX The authors are grateful for the assistance from Brenton MacAloney in obtaining the verification data. Three anonymous reviewers provided suggestions that greatly improved the final manuscript. This work has benefited tremendously from helpful discussions with Martin Tingley, Israel Jirak, Russ Schneider, Richard Grumm, the forecasters at the NWS State College Weather Forecast Office, Steven Weiss, Bill Bunting, Roger Edwards, and Paul Markowski, as well as the mesoscale research group at The Pennsylvania State University. AKAF is supported through NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship PGSD3-462554-2012 and YPR's time is supported by a NOAA CSTAR Program Award NA14NWS4680015. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1771 EP 1790 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0046.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700003 ER PT J AU Reeves, HD AF Reeves, Heather Dawn TI The Uncertainty of Precipitation-Type Observations and Its Effect on the Validation of Forecast Precipitation Type SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FREEZING-RAIN; WINTER PRECIPITATION; ICE PELLETS; NONDIMENSIONAL PARAMETER; UNITED-STATES; EVENTS; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; LOCATIONS; DRIZZLE AB Herein, an evaluation of the uncertainty of precipitation-type observations and its effect on the validation of forecast precipitation type is undertaken. The forms of uncertainty are instrument/observer bias and horizontal/temporal variability. Instrument/observer biases are assessed by comparing observations from the Automated Surface Observing Station (ASOS) and Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) networks. Relative to the augmented ASOS, mPING observations are biased toward ice pellets (PL) and away from rain (RA). However, when mPING is used to validate precipitation-type algorithms, the probabilities of detection (PODs) for both RA and PL are decreased relative to those from the augmented ASOS. The decreased POD for RA is the result of numerous mPING reports of RA in the presence of a surface subfreezing layer in the nearest observed sounding. Temporal and spatial variability effects are also assessed. The typical lifespan of transitional forms of precipitation is between 10 and 40 min, with many events having two or more forms of precipitation reported in a 1-h time frame. Depending on how one defines a hit for these rapidly evolving events, inherent biases in the forecasts may be dampened or masked altogether. Spatial variability also exerts a strong control on the performance of postprocessing algorithms, as both FZRA and PL often have spatial scales that are too small to be resolved, even by convection-allowing forecast models. However, the degree of variability is not strongly dependent on the distance separating any two observation pairs and, consequently, validation statistics do not change significantly as a model's grid spacing is increased, all else being equal. C1 [Reeves, Heather Dawn] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Reeves, Heather Dawn] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Reeves, HD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This study was made possible in part due to the data made available by the governmental agencies, commercial firms, and educational institutions participating in MesoWest. Special thanks to the internal reviewer. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1961 EP 1971 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0068.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700012 ER PT J AU Zhang, XJ Gopalakrishnan, SG Trahan, S Quirino, TS Liu, QF Zhang, Z Alaka, G Tallapragadad, V AF Zhang, Xuejin Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G. Trahan, Samuel Quirino, Thiago S. Liu, Qingfu Zhang, Zhan Alaka, Ghassan Tallapragadad, Vijay TI Representing Multiple Scales in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Modeling System: Design of Multiple Sets of Movable Multilevel Nesting and the Basin-Scale HWRF Forecast Application SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; TROPICAL CYCLONES; EXPLICIT SIMULATION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; INITIALIZATION; RESOLUTION; INTENSITY AB In this study, the design of movable multilevel nesting (MMLN) in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) modeling system is documented. The configuration of a new experimental HWRF system with a much larger horizontal outer domain and multiple sets of MMLN, referred to as the "basin scale" HWRF, is also described. The performance of this new system is applied for various difficult forecast scenarios such as 1) simulating multiple storms [i.e., Hurricanes Earl (2010), Danielle (2010), and Frank (2010)] and 2) forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) to extratropical cyclone transitions, specifically Hurricane Sandy (2012). Verification of track forecasts for the 2011-14 Atlantic and eastern Pacific hurricane seasons demonstrates that the basin-scale HWRF produces similar overall results to the 2014 operational HWRF, the best operational HWRF at the same resolution. In the Atlantic, intensity forecasts for the basin-scale HWRF were notably worse than for the 2014 operational HWRF, but this deficiency was shown to be from poor intensity forecasts for Hurricane Leslie (2012) associated with the lack of ocean coupling in the basin-scale HWRF. With Leslie removed, the intensity forecast errors were equivalent. The basin-scale HWRF is capable of predicting multiple TCs simultaneously, allowing more realistic storm-to-storm interactions. Even though the basin-scale HWRF produced results only comparable to the regular operational HWRF at this stage, this configuration paves a promising pathway toward operations. C1 [Zhang, Xuejin; Alaka, Ghassan] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Zhang, Xuejin; Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Quirino, Thiago S.; Alaka, Ghassan] AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trahan, Samuel; Zhang, Zhan] IM Syst Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Trahan, Samuel; Liu, Qingfu; Zhang, Zhan; Tallapragadad, Vijay] NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA.; Zhang, XJ (reprint author), AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xuejin.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014 OI Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X FU NOAA [NA12NWS4680007, NA13OAR4830232, NA14OAR4830119]; HFIP FX This work is supported by NOAA Awards NA12NWS4680007, NA13OAR4830232, NA14OAR4830119, and HFIP. We thank our colleagues: Stanley Goldenberg and Drs. Sim Aberson and Steve Diaz for their thoughtful comments that improved the manuscripts. We are also grateful to Gail Derr for her detailed editorial comments. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 2019 EP 2034 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0087.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700016 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Hansen, JA Wittmann, PA Knaff, JA Schumacher, A AF Sampson, Charles R. Hansen, James A. Wittmann, Paul A. Knaff, John A. Schumacher, Andrea TI Wave Probabilities Consistent with Official Tropical Cyclone Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WIND; NCEP; MODELS; SYSTEM; NAVY AB Development of a 12-ft-seas significant wave height ensemble consistent with the official tropical cyclone intensity, track, and wind structure forecasts and their errors from the operational U.S. tropical cyclone forecast centers is described. To generate the significant wave height ensemble, a Monte Carlo wind speed probability algorithm that produces forecast ensemble members is used. These forecast ensemble members, each created from the official forecast and randomly sampled errors from historical official forecast errors, are then created immediately after the official forecast is completed. Of 1000 forecast ensemble members produced by the wind speed algorithm, 128 of them are selected and processed to produce wind input for an ocean surface wave model. The wave model is then run once per realization to produce 128 possible forecasts of significant wave height. Probabilities of significant wave height at critical thresholds can then be computed from the ocean surface wave model-generated significant wave heights. Evaluations of the ensemble are provided in terms of maximum significant wave height and radius of 12-ft significant wave height two parameters of interest to both U.S. Navy meteorologists and U.S. Navy operators. Ensemble mean errors and biases of maximum significant wave height and radius of 12-ft significant wave height are found to be similar to those of a deterministic version of the same algorithm. Ensemble spreads capture most verifying maximum and radii of 12-ft significant wave heights. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.; Hansen, James A.] NRL Monterey, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wittmann, Paul A.] FNMOC, Monterey, CA USA. [Knaff, John A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schumacher, Andrea] CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL Monterey, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM buck.sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU Office of Naval Research and Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research and Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Also, we would like to acknowledge COLA/IGES for use of the GrADS software and the three anonymous reviewers who made this a better manuscript. We also use software written by Efren Serra, Tim Marchok, Mark DeMaria, Mike Frost, and Ann Schrader. Rachel Knaff is acknowledged for processing years of NHC and JTWC messages for us. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 2035 EP 2045 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-15-0093.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700017 ER PT J AU Liu, S DiMego, G Guan, SC Kumar, VK Keyser, D Xu, Q Nai, K Zhang, PF Liu, LP Zhang, J Howard, K Ator, J AF Liu, Shun DiMego, Geoff Guan, Shucai Kumar, V. Krishna Keyser, Dennis Xu, Qin Nai, Kang Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Liping Zhang, Jian Howard, Kenneth Ator, Jeff TI WSR-88D Radar Data Processing at NCEP SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PART I; MIGRATING BIRDS; QUALITY-CONTROL; ASSIMILATION; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; STORMS AB Real-time access to level II radar data became available in May 2005 at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Central Operations (NCO). Using these real-time data in operational data assimilation requires the data be processed reliably and efficiently through rigorous data quality controls. To this end, advanced radar data quality control techniques developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) are combined into a comprehensive radar data processing system at NCEP. Techniques designed to create a high-resolution reflectivity mosaic developed at the NSSL are also adopted and installed within the NCEP radar data processing system to generate hourly 3D reflectivity mosaics and 2D-derived products. The processed radar radial velocity and 3D reflectivity mosaics are ingested into NCEP's data assimilation systems to improve operational numerical weather predictions. The 3D reflectivity mosaics and 2D-derived products are also used for verification of high-resolution numerical weather prediction. The NCEP radar data processing system is described. C1 [Liu, Shun] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Liu, Shun; DiMego, Geoff; Guan, Shucai; Keyser, Dennis; Ator, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, W NP2,830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kumar, V. Krishna] Riverside Technol Inc, NOAA NESDIS JCSDA, College Pk, MD USA. [Xu, Qin; Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Nai, Kang; Zhang, Pengfei; Liu, Liping] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liu, Liping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Liu, S (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP, W NP2,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM shun.liu@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NSSL Warn-on-Forecast project; ONR [N000141410281] FX The authors thank Mrs. Mary Hart for her careful editorial review and Dr. Jacob Carley for proofreading the manuscript and his valuable comments. This work was completed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The work was also supported by the NOAA/NSSL Warn-on-Forecast project and ONR Grant N000141410281 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 2047 EP 2055 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0003.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700018 ER PT J AU Zhou, XQ Zhu, YJ Hou, DC Kleist, D AF Zhou, Xiaqiong Zhu, Yuejian Hou, Dingchen Kleist, Daryl TI A Comparison of Perturbations from an Ensemble Transform and an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; PREDICTION SYSTEM; CLIMATE PREDICTION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MODEL ERROR; PREDICTABILITY; ECMWF; REPRESENTATION; UNCERTAINTY; VECTORS AB Two perturbation generation schemes, the ensemble transformation with rescaling (ETR) and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), are compared for the NCEP operational environment for the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). Experiments that utilize each of the two schemes are carried out and evaluated for two boreal summer seasons. It is found that these two schemes generally have comparable performance. Experiments utilizing both perturbation methods fail to generate sufficient spread at medium-range lead times beyond day 8. In general, the EnKF-based experiment outperforms the ETR in terms of the continuous ranked probability skill score (CRPSS) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) for the first week. In the SH, the ensemble mean forecast is more skillful from the ETR perturbations. Additional experiments are performed with the stochastic total tendency perturbation (STTP) scheme, in which the total tendencies of all model variables are perturbed to represent the uncertainty in the forecast model. An improved spread error relationship is found for the ETR-based experiments, but the STTP increases the ensemble spread for the EnKF-based experiment that is already overdispersive at early lead times, especially in the SH. With STTP employed, an increase in the EnKF-based CRPSS in the NH is reduced with a larger degradation in both the probability and ensemble-mean forecast skills in the SH. The results indicate that a rescaling of the EnKF initial perturbations and/or tuning of the STTP scheme is required when STTP is applied using the EnKF-based perturbations. This study provided guidance for the replacement of ETR with EnKF perturbations as part of the 2015 GEFS implementation. C1 [Zhou, Xiaqiong] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhu, Yuejian; Hou, Dingchen] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, College Pk, MD USA. [Kleist, Daryl] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhou, XQ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP EMC IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaqiong.zhou@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 2057 EP 2074 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0109.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700019 ER PT J AU Hart, JA Cohen, AE AF Hart, John A. Cohen, Ariel E. TI The Challenge of Forecasting Significant Tornadoes from June to October Using Convective Parameters SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIGNIFICANT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; LARGE-SCALE; MODES AB This study is an application of the Statistical Severe Convective Risk Assessment Model (SSCRAM), which objectively assesses conditional severe thunderstorm probabilities based on archived hourly mesoscale data across the United States collected from 2006 to 2014. In the present study, SSCRAM is used to assess the utility of severe thunderstorm parameters commonly employed by forecasters in anticipating thunderstorms that produce significant tornadoes (i.e., causing F2/EF2 or greater damage) from June through October. The utility during June-October is compared to that during other months. Previous studies have identified some aspects of the summertime challenge in severe storm forecasting, and this study provides an in-depth quantification of the within-year variability of severe storms predictability. Conditional probabilities of significant tornadoes downstream of lightning occurrence using common parameter values, such as the effective layer significant tornado parameter, convective available potential energy, and vertical shear, are found to substantially decrease during the months of June-October compared to other months. Furthermore, conditional probabilities of significant tornadoes during June-October associated with these parameters are nearly invariable regardless of value, highlighting the challenge of using objective environmental data to attempt to forecast significant tornadoes from June through October. C1 [Hart, John A.; Cohen, Ariel E.] NOAA NWS NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Hart, JA (reprint author), Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM john.hart@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 31 IS 6 BP 2075 EP 2084 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-16-0005.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EH1IR UT WOS:000391518700020 ER PT J AU Wyrick, J Natterer, FD Zhao, Y Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Cullen, WG Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA AF Wyrick, Jonathan Natterer, Fabian D. Zhao, Yue Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Cullen, William G. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Tomography of a Probe Potential Using Atomic Sensors on Graphene SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE STM; graphene; cobalt; atomic manipulation; defect charging; probe potential; tip-induced band bending; screening ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-ATOM; MANIPULATION; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; STEPS; TIP AB Our ability to access and explore the quantum world has been greatly advanced by the power of atomic manipulation and local spectroscopy with scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes, where the key technique is the use of atomically sharp probe tips to interact with an underlying substrate. Here we employ atomic manipulation to modify and quantify the interaction between the probe and the system under study that can strongly affect any measurement in low charge density systems, such as graphene. We transfer Co atoms from a graphene surface onto a probe tip to change and control the probe's physical structure, enabling us to modify the induced potential at a graphene surface. We utilize single Co atoms on a graphene field-effect device as atomic scale sensors to quantitatively map the modified potential exerted by the scanning probe over the whole relevant spatial and energy range. C1 [Wyrick, Jonathan; Natterer, Fabian D.; Zhao, Yue; Cullen, William G.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yue] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, Yue] South Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Wyrick, J; Stroscio, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathan.wyrick@nist.gov; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov OI Watanabe, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119 FU National Research Council Fellowship; Swiss National Science Foundation [158468]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX J.W. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Fellowship. F.D.N. greatly appreciates support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under Project No. 158468. Y.Z. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. J.W., KW., T.T., W.G.C., N.B.Z., and J.A.S. are supported through their respective institutions. We thank Steve Blankenship, Glen Holland, and Alan Band for technical assistance and Mark Stiles for valuable comments. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 12 BP 10698 EP 10705 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b05823 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EG5JI UT WOS:000391079700012 PM 28024319 ER PT J AU Starr, FW Douglas, JF Meng, D Kumar, SK AF Starr, Francis W. Douglas, Jack F. Meng, Dong Kumar, Sanat K. TI Bound Layers "Cloak" Nanoparticles in Strongly Interacting Polymer Nanocomposites SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE polymer nanocomposite; glass transition; interfacial dynamics; bound polymer ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; COOPERATIVE MOTION; THIN-FILMS; CONFINEMENT; BEHAVIOR; EQUIVALENCE; POLYSTYRENE; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE AB Polymer-nanoparticle (NP) interfacial interactions are expected to strongly influence the properties of nanocomposites, but surprisingly, experiments often report small or no changes in the glass transition temperature, T-g. To understand this paradoxical situation, we simulate nanocomposites over a broad range of polymer-NP interaction strengths, epsilon. When epsilon is stronger than the polymer polymer interaction, a distinct relaxation that is slower than the main alpha-relaxation emerges, arising from an adsorbed "bound" polymer layer near the NP surface. This bound layer "cloaks" the NPs, so that the dynamics of the matrix polymer are largely unaffected. Consequently, T-g defined from the temperature dependence of the routinely measured thermodynamics or the polymer matrix relaxation is nearly independent of epsilon, in accord with many experiments. Apparently, quasi-thermodynamic measurements do not reliably reflect dynamical changes in the bound layer, which alter the overall composite dynamics. These findings clarify the relation between quasi-thermodynamic T-g measurements and nanocomposite dynamics, and should also apply to thin polymer films. C1 [Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meng, Dong; Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA.; Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM fstarr@wesleyan.edu FU NIST [70NANB15H282] FX Computer time was provided by Wesleyan University. This work was supported in part by NIST Award 70NANB15H282. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2016 VL 10 IS 12 BP 10960 EP 10965 DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b05683 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EG5JI UT WOS:000391079700040 PM 28024345 ER PT J AU Gradzielski, M Allen, AJ AF Gradzielski, Michael Allen, Andrew J. TI Introduction to the special issue on small-angle scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material DE small-angle scattering ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING C1 [Gradzielski, Michael] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, Stranski Lab Phys & Theoret Chem, Str 17 Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gradzielski, M (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, Stranski Lab Phys & Theoret Chem, Str 17 Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.; Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.gradzielski@tu-berlin.de; andrew.allen@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 49 BP 1858 EP 1860 DI 10.1107/S160057671601904X PN 6 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA EG6ZW UT WOS:000391195900001 PM 27980505 ER PT J AU Perkins, SJ Wright, DW Zhang, HL Brookes, EH Chen, JH Irving, TC Krueger, S Barlow, DJ Edler, KJ Scott, DJ Terrill, NJ King, SM Butler, PD Curtis, JE AF Perkins, Stephen J. Wright, David W. Zhang, Hailiang Brookes, Emre H. Chen, Jianhan Irving, Thomas C. Krueger, Susan Barlow, David J. Edler, Karen J. Scott, David J. Terrill, Nicholas J. King, Stephen M. Butler, Paul D. Curtis, Joseph E. TI Atomistic modelling of scattering data in the Collaborative Computational Project for Small Angle Scattering (CCP-SAS) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics (MD); molecular modelling; scattering curve fits; small-angle-neutron scattering (SANS); small-angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS) ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SOLVENT MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; SAXS PROFILES; WEB SERVER; FC FRAGMENTS; SIMULATIONS; CONFORMATIONS; PROGRAM AB The capabilities of current computer simulations provide a unique opportunity to model small-angle scattering (SAS) data at the atomistic level, and to include other structural constraints ranging from molecular and atomistic energetics to crystallography, electron microscopy and NMR. This extends the capabilities of solution scattering and provides deeper insights into the physics and chemistry of the systems studied. Realizing this potential, however, requires integrating the experimental data with a new generation of modelling software. To achieve this, the CCP-SAS collaboration (http://www.ccpsas.org/) is developing open-source, high-throughput and user-friendly software for the atomistic and coarse-grained molecular modelling of scattering data. Robust state-of-the-art molecular simulation engines and molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo force fields provide constraints to the solution structure inferred from the small-angle scattering data, which incorporates the known physical chemistry of the system. The implementation of this software suite involves a tiered approach in which GenApp provides the deployment infrastructure for running applications on both standard and high-performance computing hardware, and SASSIE provides a workflow framework into which modules can be plugged to prepare structures, carry out simulations, calculate theoretical scattering data and compare results with experimental data. GenApp produces the accessible web-based front end termed SASSIE-web, and GenApp and SASSIE also make community SAS codes available. Applications are illustrated by case studies: (i) inter-domain flexibility in two-to six-domain proteins as exemplified by HIV-1 Gag, MASP and ubiquitin; (ii) the hinge conformation in human IgG2 and IgA1 antibodies; (iii) the complex formed between a hexameric protein Hfq and mRNA; and (iv) synthetic 'bottlebrush' polymers. C1 [Perkins, Stephen J.; Wright, David W.] UCL, Dept Struct & Mol Biol, Darwin Bldg,Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Zhang, Hailiang; Krueger, Susan; Butler, Paul D.; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brookes, Emre H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Chen, Jianhan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Irving, Thomas C.] IIT, Dept Biol, 3101 S Dearborn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Barlow, David J.] Kings Coll London, Dept Pharm, Franklin Wilkins Bldg, London SE1 9NH, England. [Edler, Karen J.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Scott, David J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. [Scott, David J.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Res Complex Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, Oxon, England. [Scott, David J.; King, Stephen M.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Terrill, Nicholas J.] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House,Harwell Sci & Innovat Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Butler, Paul D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Perkins, SJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Struct & Mol Biol, Darwin Bldg,Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.; Curtis, JE (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM s.perkins@ucl.ac.uk; joseph.curtis@nist.gov FU Medical Research Council [MR/K011715/1]; NIGMS NIH HHS [K25 GM090154] NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 49 BP 1861 EP 1875 DI 10.1107/S160057671601517X PN 6 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA EG6ZW UT WOS:000391195900002 PM 27980506 ER PT J AU Jeong, Y Gnaupel-Herold, T Iadicola, M Creuziger, A AF Jeong, Y. Gnaupel-Herold, T. Iadicola, M. Creuziger, A. TI Uncertainty in flow stress measurements using X-ray diffraction for sheet metals subjected to large plastic deformations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; multiaxial stress; uncertainty; crystal plasticity; Monte Carlo method ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; FCC POLYCRYSTALS; ALLOYS; MODEL; STEEL AB X-ray diffraction techniques have been developed to measure flow stresses of polycrystalline sheet metal specimens subjected to large plastic deformation. The uncertainty in the measured stress based on this technique has not been quantified previously owing to the lack of an appropriate method. In this article, the propagation of four selected elements of experimental error is studied on the basis of the elasto-viscoplastic self-consistent modeling framework: (1) the counting statistics error; (2) the range of tilting angles in use; (3) the use of a finite number of tilting angles; and (4) the incomplete measurement of diffraction elastic constants. Uncertainties propagated to the diffraction stress are estimated by conducting virtual experiments based on the Monte Carlo method demonstrated for a rolled interstitial-free steel sheet. A systematic report on the quantitative uncertainty is provided. It is also demonstrated that the results of the Monte Carlo virtual experiments can be used to find an optimal number of tilting angles and diffraction elastic constant measurements to use without loss of quality. C1 [Jeong, Y.; Gnaupel-Herold, T.; Iadicola, M.; Creuziger, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jeong, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jeong, Y.] Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Greenville, SC 29607 USA. RP Jeong, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Jeong, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Jeong, Y (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Greenville, SC 29607 USA. EM younguj@clemson.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 49 BP 1991 EP 2004 DI 10.1107/S1600576716013662 PN 6 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA EG6ZW UT WOS:000391195900014 ER PT J AU Bahadur, J Medina, CR He, LL Melnichenko, YB Rupp, JA Blach, TP Mildner, DFR AF Bahadur, Jitendra Medina, Cristian R. He, Lilin Melnichenko, Yuri B. Rupp, John A. Blach, Tomasz P. Mildner, David F. R. TI Determination of closed porosity in rocks by small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle X-ray scattering; SANS; ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; USANS; rock; CO2 sequestration; porosity ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PORE STRUCTURE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; GAS-ADSORPTION; SURFACE-AREA; COAL; WATER; STORAGE; SHALE AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) have been used to study a carbonate rock from a deep saline aquifer that is a potential candidate as a storage reservoir for CO2 sequestration. A new methodology is developed for estimating the fraction of accessible and inaccessible pore volume using SANS/USANS measurements. This method does not require the achievement of zero average contrast for the calculation of accessible and inaccessible pore volume fraction. The scattering intensity at high Q increases with increasing CO2 pressure, in contrast with the low-Q behaviour where the intensity decreases with increasing pressure. Data treatment for high-Q scattering at different pressures of CO2 is also introduced to explain this anomalous behaviour. The analysis shows that a significant proportion of the pore system consists of micropores (< 20 angstrom) and that the majority (80%) of these micropores remain inaccessible to CO2 at reservoir pressures. C1 [Bahadur, Jitendra] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Solid State Phys Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Medina, Cristian R.; Rupp, John A.] Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [He, Lilin; Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Blach, Tomasz P.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bahadur, J (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Solid State Phys Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. EM jbahadur@barc.gov.in OI He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE); National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Indiana Geological Survey from Battelle Memorial Institute under a DOE contract for the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP); Central Analytical Research Facility; Science and Engineering Faculty of the Queensland University of Technology FX The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE). The USANS measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. This work was partially supported by a subcontract to the Indiana Geological Survey from Battelle Memorial Institute under a DOE contract for the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP). TPB thanks the Central Analytical Research Facility and the Science and Engineering Faculty of the Queensland University of Technology for funding travel to ORNL and NIST. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Yuri Melnichenko, recognizing his achievements in the development of SANS techniques for investigating the petrophysical characteristics of earth materials. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 49 BP 2021 EP 2030 DI 10.1107/S1600576716014904 PN 6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA EG6ZW UT WOS:000391195900017 ER PT J AU Lesniewski, JE Disseler, SM Quintana, DJ Kienzle, PA Ratcliff, WD AF Lesniewski, Joseph E. Disseler, Steven M. Quintana, Dylan J. Kienzle, Paul A. Ratcliff, William D. TI Bayesian method for the analysis of diffraction patterns using BLAND SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; data analysis; Rietveld refinement; crystal structure solution ID NEUTRON POWDER-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; STATISTICS AB Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns is routinely used to solve crystal and magnetic structures of organic and inorganic materials over many length scales. Despite its success over the past few decades, conventional Rietveld analysis suffers from tedious iterative methodologies, and the unfortunate consequence of many least-squares algorithms discovering local minima that are not the most accurate solutions. Bayesian methods which allow the explicit encoding of a priori knowledge pose an attractive alternative to this approach by enhancing the ability to determine the correlations between parameters and to provide a more robust method for model selection. Global approaches also avoid the divergences and local minima often encountered by practitioners of the traditional Rietveld technique. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the effectiveness of an automated Bayesian algorithm for Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction patterns in the solution of crystallographic and magnetic structures. A new software package, BLAND (Bayesian library for analyzing neutron diffraction data), based on the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo minimization routine, is presented. The benefits of such an approach are demonstrated through several examples and compared with traditional refinement techniques. C1 [Lesniewski, Joseph E.] Mt St Marys Univ, Emmitsburg, MD USA. [Lesniewski, Joseph E.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Lesniewski, Joseph E.; Disseler, Steven M.; Kienzle, Paul A.; Ratcliff, William D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quintana, Dylan J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ratcliff, WD (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.ratcliff@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, DMR-0520547]; US Department of Commerce FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. DMR-0944772 (CHRNS) and DMR-0520547 (DANSE), and by the US Department of Commerce. The authors thank and acknowledge Juan Rodriguez-Carvajal at the Institut Laue-Langevin and Brian Toby at Argonne National Laboratory for helpful conversations. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 49 BP 2201 EP 2209 DI 10.1107/S1600576716016423 PN 6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA EG6ZW UT WOS:000391195900036 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Barnet, CD Reale, T Liu, QH Morris, VR Spackman, JR Joseph, E Tan, CY Sun, BM Tilley, F Leung, LR Wolfe, D AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Barnet, Christopher D. Reale, Tony Liu, Quanhua Morris, Vernon R. Spackman, J. Ryan Joseph, Everette Tan, Changyi Sun, Bomin Tilley, Frank Leung, L. Ruby Wolfe, Daniel TI Satellite Sounder Observations of Contrasting Tropospheric Moisture Transport Regimes: Saharan Air Layers, Hadley Cells, and Atmospheric Rivers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID US WEST-COAST; CHANGING CLIMATE; ATLANTIC; AEROSOLS; SCIENCE; SYSTEM AB This paper examines the performance of satellite sounder atmospheric vertical moisture profiles under tropospheric conditions encompassing moisture contrasts driven by convection and advection transport mechanisms, specifically Atlantic Ocean Saharan air layers (SALs), tropical Hadley cells, and Pacific Ocean atmospheric rivers (ARs). Operational satellite sounder moisture profile retrievals from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) NOAA Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) are empirically assessed using collocated dedicated radiosonde observations (raobs) obtained from ocean-based intensive field campaigns. The raobs from these campaigns provide uniquely independent correlative truth data not assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for satellite sounder validation over oceans. Although ocean cases are often considered "easy" by the satellite remote sensing community, these hydro meteorological phenomena present challenges to passive sounders, including vertical gradient discontinuities (e.g., strong inversions), as well as persistent uniform clouds, aerosols, and precipitation. It is found that the operational satellite sounder 100-layer moisture profile NUCAPS product performs close to global uncertainty requirements in the SAL/Hadley cell environment, with biases relative to raob within 10% up to 350 hPa. In the more difficult AR environment, bias relative to raob is found to be within 20% up to 400 hPa. In both environments, the sounder moisture retrievals are comparable to NWP model outputs, and cross-sectional analyses show the capability of the satellite sounder for detecting and resolving these tropospheric moisture features, thereby demonstrating a near-real-time forecast utility over these otherwise raob-sparse regions. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Tan, Changyi; Sun, Bomin; Tilley, Frank] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Barnet, Christopher D.] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Reale, Tony; Liu, Quanhua] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Joseph, Everette] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Wolfe, Daniel] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM nick.nalli@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NESDIS Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Office; Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division; NOAA/EPP/MSI [NA11SEC4810003]; NOAA [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; Physical Sciences Division at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; U.S. DOE ARM program; U.S. DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Regional and Global Climate Modeling program [KP17030010]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX This research (N. R. Nalli, C. D. Barnet, T. Reale, Q. Liu, C. Tan, B. Sun, and F. Tilley) was supported by the NOAA/NESDIS Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Office and the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division. NCAS (V. Morris and E. Joseph) is funded by NOAA/EPP/MSI Cooperative Agreement NA11SEC4810003. AEROSE works in collaboration with the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) Northeast Extension (PNE) and is supported by NOAA Grants NA17AE1625 (Educational Partnership Program) and NA17AE1623. CalWater 2015/ACAPEX investigators (J. R. Spackman and D. Wolfe) were supported by research funds from the Physical Sciences Division at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. ACAPEX was supported by the U.S. DOE ARM program. GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) reprocessing was performed courtesy of R. Dirksen (GRUAN Lead Center). L. R. Leung was supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Regional and Global Climate Modeling program (Grant KP17030010). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is managed by Battelle for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. We acknowledge NUCAPS collaborators for their support of NUCAPS development and validation: A. Gambacorta [Science and Technology Corporation (STC)], F. Iturbide-Sanchez, M. Wilson, K. Zhang, and A. K. Sharma. We are grateful to AEROSE and CalWater/ACAPEX collaborators: C. Fairall and J. Intrieri (chief scientists onboard the Ronald H. Brown); N. Hickmon and M. Ritsche (AMF2 facility managers); M. Oyola and E. Roper [Howard University (HU) NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS)]; J. W. Smith [National Research Council (NRC)]; M. Szczodrak and M. Izaguirre [University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)]; and countless students and crews of the NOAA Ronald H. Brown. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2997 EP 3006 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0163.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EG6MA UT WOS:000391159400002 ER PT J AU Nagura, M McPhaden, MJ AF Nagura, Motoki McPhaden, Michael J. TI Zonal Propagation of Near-Surface Zonal Currents in Relation to Surface Wind Forcing in the Equatorial Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; KELVIN WAVES; DYNAMICS; UNDERCURRENT; ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; MODEL; TRANSPORTS AB Zonal propagation of zonal velocity along the equator in the Indian Ocean and its relationship with wind forcing are investigated with a focus on seasonal time scales using in situ observations from four acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and an ocean reanalysis dataset. The results show that the zonal phase speed of zonal currents varies depending on season and depth in a very complicated way in relation to surface wind forcing. Surface layer zonal velocity propagates to the west in northern spring but to the east in fall in response to zonally propagating surface zonal winds, while in the pycnocline zonal phase speed is related to wind-forced ocean wave dynamics. In the western half of the analysis domain (78 degrees-83 degrees E), zonal phase speed in the pycnocline is eastward all year, which is attributed to the radiation of Kelvin waves forced in the western basin. In the eastern half of the domain (80 degrees-90 degrees E), zonal phase speed is westward at 50- to 100-m depths in northern fall, but eastward above and below, most likely due to Rossby waves generated at the eastern boundary. C1 [Nagura, Motoki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nagura, M (reprint author), 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM nagura@jamstec.go.jp FU MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI [26800249]; NOAA FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Wavelet software was provided by C. Torrence and G. Compo and is available online (at http://paos.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/). This study is partly supported by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26800249. MJM thanks NOAA for financial support. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 46 IS 12 BP 3623 EP 3638 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0157.1 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EG9AL UT WOS:000391349300008 ER PT J AU Koo, J Satija, S Lee, JS Seo, YS AF Koo, Jaseung Satija, Sushil Lee, Jeong-Soo Seo, Young-Soo TI Spontaneous bilayer phase separations of spin-coated polymer blend thin films: A neutron reflectivity study SO MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE polymer blend thin films; neutron reflectivity; binary phase separation; spin coating ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CAPILLARY WAVES; SOLAR-CELLS; X-RAY; SURFACE; TRANSISTORS; INTERFACES; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY AB This study investigates the spontaneous formation of phase-separated bilayer structures of polymer blend thin films upon spin coating. Neutron reflectivity is used to measure the bilayer structure of deuterated polystyrene (dPS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blend thin films with various molecular weights (M (w) ). The results indicate that the binary polymer blend forms a well-defined phase-separated bilayer structure of a dPS-rich layer on top of a PMMA rich layer with clear interfaces between the layers. The interfacial width is in reasonable agreement with the results of self-consistent field theory modified to account for capillary waves. The blend with higher M (w) exhibits broader interfaces than the theoretical predictions, probably due to the reduced mobility of mixed polymers in the solvent during spin coating. Formation of thin blend films with parallel phase separation can provide a viable route to potential applications of the active layer in bilayer heterojunction devices for polymer photovoltaic applications. C1 [Koo, Jaseung; Lee, Jeong-Soo] KAERI, Neutron Sci Div, Daejeon 34057, South Korea. [Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seo, Young-Soo] Sejong Univ, Dept Nano Sci & Technol, Seoul 05006, South Korea. RP Koo, J (reprint author), KAERI, Neutron Sci Div, Daejeon 34057, South Korea.; Seo, YS (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Nano Sci & Technol, Seoul 05006, South Korea. EM jkoo@kaeri.re.kr; ysseo@sejong.ac.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea [2012M2A2A6004260]; Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science under project 'Establishment of National Physical Measurements Standards and Improvements of Calibration/Measurement Capability' [16011016] FX This work was supported primarily from a grant from by the National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract No. 2012M2A2A6004260 and also partly by Grant 16011016 from the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science under the project 'Establishment of National Physical Measurements Standards and Improvements of Calibration/Measurement Capability'. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1598-5032 EI 2092-7673 J9 MACROMOL RES JI Macromol. Res. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1105 EP 1110 DI 10.1007/s13233-017-5013-0 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EG9CF UT WOS:000391354900010 ER PT J AU Kalinowsky, CA Curran, MC Smith, JW AF Kalinowsky, Christopher Aaron Curran, Mary Carla Smith, Joseph W. TI Age and Growth of Rachycentron canadum (L.) (Cobia) from the Nearshore Waters of South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SWORDFISH; TAIWAN AB The purpose of this study was to define growth parameters, age-at-length, and the sex ratio for Rachycentron canadum (Cobia) in Port Royal Sound and the nearshore waters of South Carolina. We sampled Cobia from recreational-fishing efforts, and used otoliths to estimate age. Female Cobia (n = 245) fork length (FL) ranged from 798 mm to 1425 mm (mean = 1059 mm) and male (n = 221) FL ranged from 670 mm to 1183 mm (mean = 936 mm). The ratio of females to males was 1.1: 1.0. Cobia ranged in age from 2 to 11 years; most (60.8%) were age 3. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters for Cobia were L-infinity = 1212, K = 0.53, and t(0) =-0.13 for females and L-infinity = 1101, K = 0.51, and t(0) =-0.13 for males. Life-history characteristics of Cobia as defined by this study provide managers with critical age-at-length and growth information necessary for the effective management of the species. C1 [Kalinowsky, Christopher Aaron] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, 185 Richard Davis Dr Suite 104, Richmond Hill, GA 31324 USA. [Curran, Mary Carla] Savannah State Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Box 20467, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Smith, Joseph W.] NOAA NMFS, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Kalinowsky, CA (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, 185 Richard Davis Dr Suite 104, Richmond Hill, GA 31324 USA. EM Chris_Kalinowsky@dnr.state.ga.us FU Department of Education [P382G090003]; NIH SCORE program FX We thank S. Lynn and S. Kalinowsky for all of their assistance in the field. We are grateful to the staff of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR): M. Denson, W. Jenkins, K. Brenkert, J. Yost, C. Taylor, and all other staff, interns, and volunteers of the SCDNR Marine Resources Division (MRD) that participated in this effort. We benefitted from the assistance of J. Smith, D. Vaughan (NMFS-Beaufort Laboratory), E. Robillard, and Sonny Emmert (Georgia DNR-CRD). We thank the marina operators and tournament officials who allowed us to sample at their facilities and events including: Lemon Island Marina, Bryans Seafood, Hilton Head Food and Beverage Tournament, Fillin' Station Tournament, Lowcountry Marine Tournament, and Hoots Tournament. We also appreciate the recreational anglers that allowed us to sample their catches and the Hilton Head Sportfishing Club for the continued support throughout this effort. We are grateful to M. Sherman for extensive editing assistance funded by a Department of Education Title VII grant awarded to M. C. Curran (# P382G090003) and to the NIH SCORE program for funding assistance. Finally, we thank Capt. J. Clark, Capt. B. Parker, Capt. J. Deloach, Capt. M. Upchurch, Capt. J. Walker, and all other charterboat captains that donated their time and effort to help make this project a success. This publication is also listed as Contribution Number 1838 of the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Science. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 15 IS 4 BP 714 EP 728 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EH0KA UT WOS:000391451600016 ER PT J AU Jenkins, CN Van Houtan, KS AF Jenkins, Clinton N. Van Houtan, Kyle S. TI Global and regional priorities for marine biodiversity protection SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Marine protected areas; Biodiversity conservation; Endemism; Biogeography ID CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; EXTINCTION RISK; AREAS; RESERVES; HOTSPOTS; ISLANDS; FOREST; OCEAN AB The ocean holds much of the planet's biodiversity, yet <4% of the ocean is within protected areas. On land, the protecting of areas with low biodiversity and under little threat, rather than biodiversity hotspots, is a well-known problem. Prudence suggests that we not repeat this pattern in the ocean. Here we assessed patterns of global marine biodiversity by evaluating the protections of 4352 species for which geographic ranges are known, and mapping priority areas using an index that considers species vulnerability, coverage by marine protected areas (MPAs), and human impacts. Species have, on average, only 3.6% of their range protected. Moreover, species of conservation concern (threatened, small-ranged, and data deficient) have less protection than species on average. Only 5 nations currently protect 10% or more of their exclusive economic zone (EEZ) as strict Marine Reserves (IUCN category I-IV) in accord with the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. One nation by itself, Australia, accounts for 65% of the global area of Marine Reserves. The Coral Triangle is the dear and dominant global priority for biodiversity, but we identify additional global and regional priorities in each ocean basin. As an example, we show that for the United States, the Marianas and Samoan Islands are the top marine conservation priorities. Despite recent advances, the world has yet to protect most of the area and species that need it. Where to protect those species, however, is increasingly clear. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jenkins, Clinton N.] IPE, Rod Dom Pedro 1,Km 47,Caixa Postal 47, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Jenkins, CN (reprint author), IPE, Rod Dom Pedro 1,Km 47,Caixa Postal 47, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM Clinton.Jenkins@gmail.com OI Jenkins, Clinton/0000-0003-2198-0637 FU Ciencia Sem Fronteiras program of Brazil [A025_2013]; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers FX We thank the WCMC-UNEP teams for making the protected areas data available. Comments from M. Costello, S. Pimm, A. Read, M. Parke, and three anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of this manuscript. CNJ received support from the Ciencia Sem Fronteiras program of Brazil (A025_2013). IN received support from a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 37 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 204 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.005 PN B PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EG3TZ UT WOS:000390968900023 ER PT J AU Michalakes, J Iacono, MJ Jessup, ER AF Michalakes, John Iacono, Michael J. Jessup, Elizabeth R. TI Optimizing Weather Model Radiative Transfer Physics for Intel's Many Integrated Core (MIC) Architecture SO PARALLEL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Large numerical weather prediction (NWP) codes such as the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model and the NOAA Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model (NMM-B) port easily to Intel's Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture. But for NWP to significantly realize MICs one- to two-TFLOP/s peak computational power, we must expose and exploit thread and fine-grained (vector) parallelism while overcoming memory system bottlenecks that starve oating-point performance. We report on our work to improve the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTMG), responsible for 10-20 percent of total NMM-B run time. We isolated a standalone RRTMG benchmark code and workload from NMM-B and then analyzed performance using hardware performance counters and scaling studies. We restructured the code to improve vectorization, thread parallelism, locality, and thread contention. The restructured code ran three times faster than the original on MIC and, also importantly, 1.3x faster than the original on the host Xeon Sandybridge. C1 [Michalakes, John] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Iacono, Michael J.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Jessup, Elizabeth R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Michalakes, J (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM john.michalakes@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-6264 EI 1793-642X J9 PARALLEL PROCESS LET JI Parallel Process. Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 SI SI AR 1650019 DI 10.1142/S0129626416500195 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA EG5ZK UT WOS:000391123300007 ER PT J AU Sunday, DF Maher, MJ Tein, S Carlson, MC Ellison, CJ Willson, CG Klinet, RJ AF Sunday, Daniel F. Maher, Michael J. Tein, Summer Carlson, Matthew C. Ellison, Christopher J. Willson, C. Grant Klinet, R. Joseph TI Quantifying the Interface Energy of Block Copolymer Top Coats SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD ALIGNMENT; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; INTERACTION PARAMETER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; DENSITY MULTIPLICATION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; NM DOMAINS; POLYMERS AB Block copolymers (BCPs) have the potential to play a key role in templating materials for nanoscale synthesis. BCP lithography likely will be one of the first examples of BCP-based nanomanufacturing implemented in a production setting. One of the challenges in implementing BCP lithography is that the lamella need to be oriented perpendicular to the substrate. For many systems, this requires control over interfacial energies for both components at the substrate and interface. Top coats can be designed to provide a neutral interface for both blocks on the BCP surface. The preferentiality of the top coat as a function of composition has been determined qualitatively by examining the orientation of a BCP after annealing with a top coat. Measurements of the interfacial width between the top coat and homopolymers allows the interface energy to be quantitatively determined. Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity measurements on top coat/homopolymer pairs were used to extract the Flory-Huggins parameter (chi) and interface energy (gamma) as a function of top coat composition. The difference between chi and gamma for each top coat/homopolymer pair was minimized at compositions that resulted in the top coat promoting perpendicular orientation. As the composition moved away from the neutral point the difference between chi and gamma for each pair grew larger. C1 [Sunday, Daniel F.; Klinet, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maher, Michael J.; Willson, C. Grant] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Tein, Summer; Carlson, Matthew C.; Ellison, Christopher J.; Willson, C. Grant] Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Sunday, DF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.sunday@nist.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Nissan Chemical Industries; Lam Research; ASTC; National Science Foundation [EECS-1120823, EEC-1160494, DGE-1110007]; Welch Foundation [F-1709, F-1830]; Rashid Engineering Regents Chair FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Eric Gullikson for assistance at BL. 6.3.2. and Paul Kienzle for the work developing the Refl1D software. The authors thank Nissan Chemical Industries, Lam Research, the ASTC, and the National Science Foundation (Grants EECS-1120823 and EEC-1160494) for financial support. M.J.M. thanks National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (Grant No. DGE-1110007) for financial support. C.J.E. thanks the Welch Foundation (Grant #F-1709) for partial financial support. C.G.W. thanks the Rashid Engineering Regents Chair and the Welch Foundation (Grant #F-1830) for partial financial support. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the sponsors. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1306 EP 1311 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00684 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EF8ZS UT WOS:000390621100002 ER PT J AU Xu, WS Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Xu, Wen-Sheng Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Stringlike Cooperative Motion Explains the Influence of Pressure on Relaxation in a Model Glass-Forming Polymer Melt SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GENERALIZED ENTROPY THEORY; COHESIVE ENERGY; LIQUIDS; VISCOSITY; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION AB Numerous experiments reveal that the dynamics of glass forming polymer melts are profoundly influenced by the application of pressure, but a fundamental microscopic understanding of these observations remains incomplete. We explore the structural relaxation of a model glass forming polymer melt over a wide range of pressures (P) by molecular dynamics simulation. In accord with experiments for nonassociating polymer melts and the generalized entropy theory, we find that the P dependence of the structural relaxation time (tau(alpha)) can be described by a pressure analog of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation and that the characteristic temperatures of glass formation increase with P, while the fragility decreases with P. Further, we demonstrate that tau(alpha), for various P can quantitatively be described by the string model of glass formation, where the enthalpy and entropy of activation are found to be proportional, an effect that is expected to apply to polymeric materials under various applied fields. C1 [Xu, Wen-Sheng; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Wen-Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, WS; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Freed, KF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Xu, WS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wsxu0312@gmail.com; jack.douglas@nist.gov; freed@uchicago.edu OI Xu, Wensheng/0000-0002-5442-8569 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1363012] FX We thank an anonymous reviewer for bringing ref 16 to our attention, which motivates our more thorough analysis for the pressure dependence of the structural relaxation time at fixed temperatures, as shown in Figure 2. We are grateful for the support of the University of Chicago Research Computing Center for assistance with the simulations carried out in this work. This work is supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CHE-1363012. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1375 EP 1380 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00795 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EF8ZS UT WOS:000390621100015 ER PT J AU Liu, XL Lindwall, G Otis, R Kim, H Liu, ZK AF Liu, Xuan L. Lindwall, Greta Otis, Richard Kim, Hojong Liu, Zi-Kui TI Thermodynamic remodeling of the Al-Pt system towards an assessment of the Al-Ni-Pt system SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CALPHAD; Platinum Aluminides; Al-Pt system; Thermodynamic modeling; Corrigendum; 4 sublattice model ID COMPOUND ENERGY FORMALISM; PLATINUM-GROUP-METALS; POINT-DEFECTS; BINARY-SYSTEM; THERMO-CALC; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; PHASE; SUPERALLOYS AB The thermodynamic CALPHAD description of the Al-Pt system is remodeled. The four sub-lattice (4SL) model for the ordered/disordered fcc and bcc phases is adgpted resulting in improved agreement with experiment and first-principles information compared to previous descriptions. First-principles calculations are performed and the results are used in addition to available experimental data as input for the modeling. Modeling results agree well with most experimental phase equilibria and thermochemical data compiled. Special attention is also paid to the metastable phase diagrams to ensure that the parameters obtained in the modeling do not present unphysical results in the metastable regime. The obtained fcc and bcc descriptions are converted to two sublattice (2SL) models to enable combination with available multi-component Ni-base superalloy descriptions. The converted Al-Pt system is extended into the Al-Ni-Pt ternary system to study its extrapolation characteristics using available thermodynamic and thermochemical data. It is found that the 2SL model is, not adequate hi capturing the thermodynamic behavior of the fcc-based phases found in the ternary Al-Ni-Pt system. Possible approaches for future work is discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Xuan L.; Lindwall, Greta; Otis, Richard; Kim, Hojong; Liu, Zi-Kui] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lindwall, Greta] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, XL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM xul119@psu.edu RI Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009; OI Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696; Otis, Richard/0000-0002-1147-9032 FU George Mason University; Department of Energy [DE-FE0024056]; NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships (NSTRF) program [NNX14AL43H] FX The authors would like to thank Austin Ross of the Pennsylvania State University and Dr. Brian Gleeson of the University of Pittsburgh for stimulating discussions. We would also like to thank Dr. Maria Emelianenko of George Mason University for finding the erroneous stability of the B2 phase in the original article. This work is supported partially by the Department of Energy under grant DE-FE0024056 and partially by the NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships (NSTRF) program under grant NNX14AL43H. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 EI 1873-2984 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 55 BP 88 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2016.08.002 PN 2 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA EG0MF UT WOS:000390726200002 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, TI Napp, JM Ashjian, CJ Harvey, HR Lomas, MW Sigler, MF Stabeno, PJ AF Van Pelt, Thomas I. Napp, Jeffrey M. Ashjian, Carin J. Harvey, H. Rodger Lomas, Michael W. Sigler, Michael F. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI An introduction and overview of the Bering Sea Project: Volume IV SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CHUKCHI SEAS; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE; SHELF; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; TRANSPORT; NORTHERN C1 [Van Pelt, Thomas I.] North Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Ashjian, Carin J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harvey, H. Rodger] Old Dominion Univ, Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Lomas, Michael W.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Van Pelt, TI (reprint author), North Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM tvanpelt@transboundary.net OI Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.09.002 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500001 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Danielson, SL Kachel, DG Kachel, NB Mordy, CW AF Stabeno, P. J. Danielson, S. L. Kachel, D. G. Kachel, N. B. Mordy, C. W. TI Currents and transport on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf: An integration of over 20 years of data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Currents; Transport; Onshelf transport; Nutrient replenishment ID ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT; VOLUME TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; REANALYSIS; NORTHERN; ECOSYSTEM; PASS; FLOW AB More than 20 years of data from moorings, satellite-tracked drifters and hydrographic surveys are integrated to provide a comprehensive view of currents and transport on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. The major sources of water onto the eastern Bering Sea shelf are North Pacific water flowing through Unimak Pass and Bering Slope water flowing onto the shelf usually via the canyons that intersect the shelf break. Absolute geostrophic transport through Unimak Pass varies from an average of 0.25 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) (Sv) in the warm months to 0.43 Sv in the cold months. Flow along the 50-m isobath is weak, with a transport of <0.1 Sv (calculated from current meters) in summer and fall. The transport along the 100-m isobath measured at two locations is more than twice that along 50-m isobaths; in the summer at the Pribilof Islands it was 0.2 Sv and during spring and summer at 60 degrees N the northward geostrophic transport (referenced to the bottom) was 0.31 Sv. Northward transport along the 100-m and 50-m isobaths accounts for approximately half of the transport through Bering Strait. A typical transit time from Unimak Pass to Bering Strait is > 13 months and from Amukta Pass to Bering Strait via the Bering Slope Current is > 8 months. Consequently, the source of most of the heat transported into the Arctic through Bering Strait is a result of air-sea interactions local to the northern Bering Sea. Analysis of the currents and water properties on the southern shelf indicates that 50% of the shelf water is exchanged with slope water during October-January each year. This exchange elevates the October mid shelf average nitrate level from 6}CM to 14-16 uM by the end of January. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stabeno, P. J.; Kachel, D. G.; Kachel, N. B.; Mordy, C. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Danielson, S. L.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Kachel, N. B.; Mordy, C. W.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington [2294]; NSF-BEST [ARC-1108440, ARC-0732640, ARC-0732430]; North Pacific Research Board [517, 602, 701, 1302, B52]; NOAA FX We thank S. Salo, W. Floering, and C. DeWitt for providing assistance at sea and were responsible for collecting the majority of our mooring data. K. Birchfield provided graphics work. We thank the officers and crews of the NOAA ships Miller Freeman and Oscar Dyson, R/V Thomas G. Thompson, and USCG Healy for invaluable assistance in making these oceanographic measurements. This research is Contribution no. 4189 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, #0862 to NOAA's Ecosystems Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 582 from the North Pacific Research Board; and 179 from BEST/BSIERP. This publication is partially funded by Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, contribution #2294. The research was generously supported by grants from the NSF-sponsored BEST (ARC-1108440, ARC-0732640 and ARC-0732430), the North Pacific Research Board (Grants: #517, 602, 701, 1302, and B52) and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity programs. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 13 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.010 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500002 ER PT J AU Hermann, AJ Gibson, GA Bond, NA Curchitser, EN Hedstrom, K Cheng, W Wang, MY Cokelet, ED Stabeno, PJ Aydin, K AF Hermann, Albert J. Gibson, Georgina A. Bond, Nicholas A. Curchitser, Enrique N. Hedstrom, Kate Cheng, Wei Wang, Muyin Cokelet, Edward D. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Aydin, Kerim TI Projected future biophysical states of the Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE USA; Alaska; Bering Sea; Modelling ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; MEAN SEASONAL CYCLE; ICE MODEL; COUPLED MODEL; VARIABILITY; SHELF; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS AB Three global climate simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment (AR4) were used as physical forcing to drive a regional model that includes both physical and biological elements of the Bering Sea. Although each downscaled projection indicates a warming of 12 degrees C between 2010 and 2040 on the Bering Sea shelf, the interannual and interdecadal details of this trend vary considerably among the three realizations. In each case, the magnitude of presently observed interannual variability of bottom temperatures and ice cover is found in the models to be maintained out to at least 2040, but with a steadily increasing probability of warm years with less ice on the southern shelf. The overall trends indicate warmer temperatures and the retreat of ice in the southeastern Bering Sea, but continued ice cover in the northeastern Bering Sea. Sensitivity analyses suggest both increasing air temperature and northward wind stress as primary drivers of higher water-column temperatures. Based on currently available models, changes in shortwave radiation are not likely to have a significant role in this warming. Warming trends on the outer shelf may lead to decreased production of large crustacean zooplankton at that location, but could increase such production on the inner shelf. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hermann, Albert J.; Bond, Nicholas A.; Cheng, Wei; Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gibson, Georgina A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hedstrom, Kate] Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hermann, Albert J.; Bond, Nicholas A.; Cheng, Wei; Wang, Muyin; Cokelet, Edward D.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA PMEL, Ocean Environm Res Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aydin, Kerim] NOAA PMEL, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hermann, AJ (reprint author), Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM albert.j.hermann@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2435]; NSF: "Bering Sea Ecosystem Study" [NSF-0732534, NSF-0732538]; NSF: "Impact of sea-ice on bottom-up and top-down controls of crustacean zooplankton and the mediation of carbon and energy flow in the eastern Bering Sea" [NSF-1107250, NSF-1107203]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) - Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP projects) [B52, B70]; NOAA; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [172] FX We thank the reviewers and S. Danielson for useful discussions which strengthened the manuscript. This research is contribution number 4183 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and contribution ecoFOCI-0851 to NOAA's Ecosystems Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution no. 2435. The research was generously supported by two grants from NSF: "Bering Sea Ecosystem Study" (NSF-0732534, NSF-0732538) and "Impact of sea-ice on bottom-up and top-down controls of crustacean zooplankton and the mediation of carbon and energy flow in the eastern Bering Sea" (NSF-1107250, NSF-1107203), as well as the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) sponsored Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP projects B52 and B70) and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity programs. The Arctic Region Supercomputing Center provided additional computational resources and technical support to this project. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 172 and NPRB publication number 557. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 30 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.11.001 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500003 ER PT J AU Cokelet, ED AF Cokelet, Edward D. TI 3-D water properties and geostrophic circulation on the eastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Temperature; Salinity; Geostrophy; Circulation ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; NONLINEAR-THEORY; SLOPE CURRENT; ICE; ADJUSTMENT; TRANSPORT; STRAIT; ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Alaska Fisheries Science Center bottom trawl survey samples demersal fish at over 350 sites on the eastern Bering Sea continental shelf each summer on a 37 x 37 km(2) grid. Rugged conductivity-temperature-depth sensors (CTDs) were added to the net hauls to obtain gridded data sets of temperature and salinity measurements for 2008-2010. Results reveal the three-dimensional thermohaline structure of the shelf including the Cold Pool and areas of fresher water around St. Matthew Island and in Bristol Bay. Horizontal gradients are often strongest roughly along the 50-m and 100-m isobaths that traditionally separate the inner- and outer shelf from the middle-shelf centered along the 70-m isobath. The summer mixed layer depth is less than 30 m over much of the region. It reaches the bottom along the Alaska Peninsula in water depths greater than 70 m, showing that the boundary of the well-mixed, inner shelf is not always at the 50-m isobath. The greatest upper-to-lower layer density difference is found across the shelf north of 59 degrees N. The salinity difference is the main contributor to this density difference over most of the region in 2008 and 2010, but the temperature difference dominates in 2009 due to decreased ice melt and reduced freshening near St. Matthew Island. The geostrophic velocity relative to the bottom shows northwestward flow seaward of the 100-m isobath and northwestward transports integrated across the shelf of 0.10-0.25 x 10(6) m(3)/s. In 2008 and 2010 there was clockwise circulation in a region of less-saline water around St. Matthew Island. In 2009 that fresher lens did not exist, and flow was more concentrated along the 100-m isobath bringing saltier water across the shelf. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cokelet, ED (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edward.d.cokelet@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board under the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program [B62]; US National Science Foundation's Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST); BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [178] FX This research was funded in part by the North Pacific Research Board under the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (Project B62) which together with the US National Science Foundation's Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) formed the Bering Sea Project. I thank the captains and crews of F/Vs Aldebaran, Arcturus, Alaska Knight and Vesteraalen and the fishing vessel owner, Trident Seafoods, Seattle. Antonio Jenkins and David Strausz designed and installed the underway seawater sampling system on Aldebaran. The members of NOAA's Alaska Fisheries Science Center Bering Sea bottom trawl survey, led by Robert Lauth, graciously attached the CIDs to their nets, downloaded data daily, looked after the equipment at sea and took daily salinity samples. Dennis Holzer and PMEL's Machine/Fabrication Shop built the CTD polypropylene cases, and AFSC's net shed constructed the net bags. Scott McKeever and William Floering analyzed the salinity samples. Tiffany Vance provided the positions of the Alaskan rivers shown on the maps. The response to comments by an anonymous reviewer and discussions with Phyllis Stabeno strengthened the paper. The Ferret program for analysis and graphics (http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret/) was used in this paper (Hankin et al., 1992, 1991).; This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication No. 178, NPRB publication No. 580, contribution No. 4130 from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and contribution EcoFOCI-N817 from NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 65 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.08.009 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500005 ER PT J AU Eisner, LB Gann, JC Ladd, C Cieciel, KD Mordy, CW AF Eisner, Lisa B. Gann, Jeanette C. Ladd, Carol Cieciel, Kristin D. Mordy, Calvin W. TI Late summer/early fall phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) in the eastern Bering Sea: Spatial and temporal variations and factors affecting chlorophyll a concentrations SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Nutrients; Cold pool; Chlorophyll a; Climate; Eastern Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; MIDDLE SHELF; CHUKCHI SEAS; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; NORTHERN; GROWTH AB The spatial and temporal variability of late summer/early fall phytoplankton biomass estimated from in situ chlorophyll a (Chia) concentrations was investigated over a 10-year time period from 2003-2012 in the eastern Bering Sea, encompassing both warm (2003-2005) and cold (2007-2012) temperature regimes. Warm temperature regimes were characterized by above average water temperatures and low seasonal sea-ice extent and by below-average temperatures and high seasonal sea-ice extent. The highest phytoplankton Chla was observed near the Pribilof Islands and the southeastern shelf break where nutrient concentrations were high due to onshore flow from Pribilof and Bering Canyons. The lowest Chla was observed on the northeastern middle and inner shelf, north of Nunivak and St. Matthew Islands and south of St. Lawrence Island (similar to 61-63 degrees N). Stations north of St Matthew Island (61 degrees N) did not show significant variations in Chla between temperature regimes. To the south, total phytoplankton Chla was significantly higher in warm compared to cold years on the south-outer shelf and on portions of the middle shelf. Large phytoplankton Chla was higher in warm years over most of the southern middle shelf. For the entire southeastern Bering Sea shelf (similar to 30-200 m bathymetry, south of Nunivak Island), the highest Chla was seen in 2005 and lowest in 2007 and 2008. On the south-middle shelf, wind mixing and temperature below the pycnocline had strong positive associations with Chla (total and large-size fraction) integrated over the top 50 m, explaining 85% of the variability in mean Chla. This indicates that Chla in summer and early fall is positively affected by wind-induced upwelling of nutrients to the surface and possibly by other bottom up effects such as temperature-mediated growth. Higher bottom temperature is related to reductions in sea-ice extent, which may elicit ecosystem responses such as reduced biomass of large crustacean zooplankton grazers, potentially due to the removal of ice algae, an important food resource for zooplankton in early spring. This, in turn, could reduce or alter the grazing pressure on phytoplankton later in the growing season. Overall, spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton Chla are due to a combination of factors, from local inputs of nutrients related to mixing or advection, up to large-scale ecosystem effects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Eisner, Lisa B.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gann, Jeanette C.; Cieciel, Kristin D.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ladd, Carol; Mordy, Calvin W.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Eisner, LB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Lisa.Eisner@NOAA.gov; Jeanette.Gann@NOAA.gov; Carol.Ladd@NOAA.gov; Kristin.Cieciel@NOAA.gov; Calvin.W.Mordy@NOAA.gov OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative; Coastal Impacts Assistance Program (CIAP); Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1107250]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; Bering Sea Project [160] FX We are grateful to the captains and crews of the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson, and charter vessels, Sea Storm, NW Explorer, and Epic Explorer, and Bristol Explorer for their years of hard work and diligence on our surveys. We appreciate the assistance in field sampling, data processing and analysis from NOAA scientific staff and volunteers. In particular, we appreciate the help from J. Lanksbury, J. Pohl, and F. Van Tulder for analysis of numerous chlorophyll samples. J. Lanksbury also assisted with database management. We thank S. Danielson for assistance with QA and processing of CTD data, and K. Krogslund Lab (UW) for processing many of the nutrient samples. We thank N. Bond for NCEP reanalysis wind data and S. Salo for MODIS ocean color data retrieval (via NOAA CoastWatch Program and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, OceanColor Web). We thank K. Mier for guidance on statistical analyses. We greatly appreciate the helpful comments from M. Sigler on an earlier version of this manuscript and edits and suggestions provided by the special edition editor, M. Lomas, and four anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB), Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative, Coastal Impacts Assistance Program (CIAP), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service including the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program, and Grant 1107250 from the National Science Foundation (NSF). This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, and is contribution EcoFOCI-0822 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2437 to JISAO, contribution 4164 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Bering Sea Project publication number 160 and NPRB publication number 539. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 100 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.012 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500007 ER PT J AU Gann, JC Eisner, LB Porter, S Watson, JT Cieciel, KD Mordy, CW Yasumiishi, EM Stabeno, PJ Ladd, C Heintz, RA Farley, EV AF Gann, Jeanette C. Eisner, Lisa B. Porter, Steve Watson, Jordan T. Cieciel, Kristin D. Mordy, Calvin W. Yasumiishi, Ellen M. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Ladd, Carol Heintz, Ron A. Farley, Edward V. TI Possible mechanism linking ocean conditions to low body weight and poor recruitment of age-0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the southeast Bering Sea during 2007 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Gadus chalcogrammus; Primary productivity; Silicic acid; Nutrients; Age-0; Walleye pollock; Juvenile; Eastern Bering Sea ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIDDLE SHELF; VARIABILITY; GROWTH; TURBULENCE; SALMON; RATES AB Changes to physical and chemical oceanographic structure can lead to changes in phytoplankton biomass and growth, which, in-turn, lead to variability in the amount of energy available for transfer to higher trophic levels (e.g., forage fish). In general, age-0 (juvenile) walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) have been shown to have low fitness (determined by energy density and size), in warm years compared to average or cold years in the southeastern Bering Sea. Contrary to these findings, the year 2007 was a cold year with low fitness of age-0 pollock compared to the transition year of 2006 (transitioning from warm to cold conditions) and cold years, 2008-2011. In late summer/early fall (mid August through September), significantly lower surface silicic acid concentrations coupled with low phytoplankton production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) biomass were observed in 2007 among 2006-2012 (P < 0.05). We postulate that the low silicic acid concentrations may be an indication of reduced surface nutrient flux during summer, leading to low primary productivity (PP). The nutrient replenishing shelf/slope water exchange that occurred during late October-February (2006-2007) indicates that deep water nutrient/salinity reserves for the start of the 2007 growing season were plentiful and had similar concentrations to other years (2006-2012). The spring bloom magnitude appeared to be slightly below average, and surface silicic acid concentrations at the end of the spring bloom period in 2007 appeared similar to other years in the middle domain of the southeastern Bering Sea. However, during summer (June-August) 2007, high stratification and the low number of storm events resulted in low flux of nutrients to surface waters, indicated by the low surface silicic acid concentrations at the end of summer (mid-August through September). Surface silicic acid may be useful as an indicator of surface nutrient enrichment (and subsequent PP) during summer since other macronutrients (e.g. nitrate) are usually near or below detection limits at this time, and diatoms are generally scarce during summer. Surface silicic acid concentration was also positively associated with the size of juvenile fish (age-0 pollock weight and length). This reinforces the theory that nutrient availability and primary productivity are important to energy allocation for higher trophic levels during summer, and possibly provides links between stratification and wind mixing, surface nutrient input, PP and juvenile fish size and condition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gann, Jeanette C.; Cieciel, Kristin D.; Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Heintz, Ron A.; Farley, Edward V.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.; Porter, Steve] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Watson, Jordan T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Ladd, Carol] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gann, JC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeanette.Gann@NOAA.gov; Lisa.Eisner@NOAA.gov; Steve.Porter@NOAA.gov; Jordan.Watson@NOAA.gov; Kristin.Cieciel@NOAA.gov; Calvin.W.Mordy@NOAA.gov; Ellen.Yasumiishi@NOAA.gov; Phyllis.Stabeno@NOAA.gov; Carol.Ladd@NOAA.gov; Ron.Heintz@NOAA.gov; Ed.Farley@NOAA.gov OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [1006]; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-InitiativeGrant [COOP 07 043]; National Science Foundation [1107250]; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148]; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [162] FX We thank the captains and crews of the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson, and charter vessels, Sea Storm, NW Explorer, and Epic Explorer and Bristol Explorer for many years of sampling. We thank Natalia Kuznetsova and Mary Auburn-Cook for processing age-0 walleye pollock diet samples. We are very grateful for the assistance in field sampling, data processing and analysis of oceanographic and fisheries data from NOAA scientific staff and volunteers. In particular we thank A. Andrews, M. Courtney, A. Feldman, J. Murphy, and W. Strasburger for their years of survey participation. We'd also like to thank P. Proctor and E. Wisegarver for nutrient analysis, and Mike Sigler for allowing us to reproduce data from Sigler et al., 2014. We acknowledge the NOAA CoastWatch Program and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, OceanColor Web for MODIS ocean color data. Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) (Grant 1006), Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-InitiativeGrant number COOP 07 043, the National Science Foundation (Grants 1107250), and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service including the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) programs. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, and is contribution 0823 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2255 to JISAO, contribution 4165 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 162, and NPRB publication number 545. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA's Oceans and Atmospheric Research. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.010 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500008 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Curchitser, E Stock, C Hermann, A Cokelet, E Mordy, C Stabeno, P Hervieux, G Castruccio, F AF Cheng, Wei Curchitser, Enrique Stock, Charles Hermann, Albert Cokelet, Edward Mordy, Calvin Stabeno, Phyllis Hervieux, Gaelle Castruccio, Frederic TI What processes contribute to the spring and fall bloom co-variability on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf? SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; Phytoplankton bloom; Primary production; Nutrient; Numerical model ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; ICE DYNAMICS; MODEL; OCEAN; IMPACTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON AB Observations indicate that spring and fall phytoplankton blooms on the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) continental shelf tend to co-vary on inter-annual scales - that is, a year with a strong spring bloom also tends to have a strong fall bloom. Similar co-variability of primary production is also seen in the multiyear (1987-2007) integration of a coupled physical-biological model. Moreover, the modeled seasonal amplitudes of 10-meter chlorophyll-a concentrations at the EBS middle shelf mooring locations, computed using the canonical Redfield ratio and a mean carbon-to-chlorophyll-a ratio, are generally consistent with the in situ mooring measurements. The coupled physical-biological model simulation is used to examine the relative contributions of wind mixing, local nutrient recycling/regeneration, horizontal nutrient advection, and water-column stability to this co-variability. There is no significant correlation between the spring and fall surface wind mixing. Although wind mixing is an important mechanism for bringing nutrients in the lower water column to the surface layers, it is not the mechanism tying the two seasons' productivity together. Local regeneration/recycling of the nutrients initially fueling spring production is an important mechanism for spring-to-fall nutrient accumulation in the bottom layers at the middle shelf. Horizontal advection does not appear to be the dominant factor for supplying nutrients to the middle shelf during the spring-to-fall period. Fall primary production in the model is strongly influenced by the lower water-column stability/stratification. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of local recycling/regeneration of nutrients assimilated by spring phytoplankton bloom in linking together the spring and fall primary productions on EBS middle shelf. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Wei; Hermann, Albert; Mordy, Calvin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Hermann, Albert; Cokelet, Edward; Mordy, Calvin; Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique; Hervieux, Gaelle; Castruccio, Frederic] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Castruccio, Frederic] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM wei.cheng@noaa.gov OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NPRB; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) Program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2266]; NSF [ARC-0732771, ARC-0732428, ARC-0957985, ARC-1107250]; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [168] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers and Thomas Van Pelt for their careful reviews and constructive comments, which helped improve the manuscript greatly. We also thank Dr. Sigler for providing the daily mooring fluorescence chlorophyll-a data. Support from NPRB and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) Program is gratefully acknowledged. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution no. 2266, and by NSF awards ARC-0732771, ARC-0732428, ARC-0957985, and ARC-1107250. This research is contribution Eco-FOCI-0844 to NOAA's Ecosystems & Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, and contribution 4177 to NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. This is the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 168, NPRB publication number 550. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 128 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.07.009 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500009 ER PT J AU Liu, CL Zhai, L Zeeman, SI Eisner, LB Gann, JC Mordy, CW Moran, SB Lomas, MW AF Liu, C. L. Zhai, L. Zeeman, S. I. Eisner, L. B. Gann, J. C. Mordy, C. W. Moran, S. B. Lomas, M. W. TI Seasonal and geographic variations in modeled primary production and phytoplankton losses from the mixed layer between warm and cold years on the eastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Primary production; Bering Sea; Grazing; Carbon export; Climate variability ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; UPPER OCEAN; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPRING BLOOM; CRITICAL DEPTH; LABRADOR SEA; MIDDLE SHELF; GROWTH; CARBON; EXCRETION AB The total daily phytoplanlcton loss from the mixed layer can be estimated as the difference between gross primary production (GPP) and the realized change in phytoplankton carbon biomass. Here a modeling approach is used to estimate the total loss rates for five hydrographic domains on the eastern Bering Sea Shelf during a warm (2000-2006) and a cold (2007-2010) period. Model results indicate that the average daily rate of GPP in the mixed layer for all domains is on average slightly higher than in warm years (950 +/- 726 mg C m(-2) d(-1)) than in cold years (859 +/- 640 mg C m(-2) d(-1)), but is not significantly different. Similarly, the daily phytoplanlcton total loss rate from the mixed layer in all domains is on average slightly higher in warm years (961 +/- 747 mg C m(-2) d(-1)) than in cold years (888 +/- 691 mg C m(-2) d(-1)), but the difference is not significant. That total loss rates show the same warm vs. cold year pattern as GPP, suggests similar seasonal and latitudinal variations and magnitudes of change for both processes. The annual total loss is compared with the sum of individual process losses (e.g., mixing, grazing, sinking, etc.), with the discrepancy being generally larger than similar to 15% of the total loss both in warm and cold years. The model results also show that annual respiration is generally greater than losses due to zoo plankton grazing and sinking both in warm and cold years. Compared among domains, significant differences (t-test, P < 0.05) between northern and southern domains (defined as North and South of 60 degrees N) are observed for GPP rate, total daily loss rate and each of the individual loss terms in cold years, while values for southern domains are higher than those of northern domains. In warm years there were no significant differences between domains. Furthermore, these results indicate that total loss rates reflect patterns in GPP rate implying a similar metabolic balance within the ecosystem in both warm and cold years. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, C. L.] Shandong Univ, Marine Coll, Weihai 264209, Peoples R China. [Liu, C. L.; Lomas, M. W.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE 01, Bermuda. [Zhai, L.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Zeeman, S. I.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Eisner, L. B.; Gann, J. C.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Mordy, C. W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moran, S. B.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lomas, M. W.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. RP Lomas, MW (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. EM mlomas@bigelow.org OI Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU Nippon-Foundation; POGO (Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean); NSF [ANS-0732359, ANS-1303277, ANS-0732430, ANS-0732640, ANS-1107250, ANS-0732680]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41206166] FX We thank Nippon-Foundation and POGO (Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean) for sponsoring the Training Program in which this project was performed. We also would like to thank George White III and Murray Brown for data processing suggestions. This research was funded by grants from NSF's Office of Polar Programs to MWL (ANS-0732359 and ANS-1303277), CWM (ANS-0732430, ANS-0732640, and ANS-1107250), and SBM (ANS-0732680) as part of the Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) program. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, and is contribution EcoFOCI-0803 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2159 to JISAO, and contribution 4055 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41206166). This is BEST-BSIERP publication number 180 and NPRB publication number 598. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.07.008 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500010 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL Ressler, PH Gibson, GA De Robertis, A Aydin, K Sigler, MF Ortiz, I Lessard, EJ Williams, BC Pinchuk, A Buckley, T AF Hunt, George L., Jr. Ressler, Patrick H. Gibson, Georgina A. De Robertis, Alex Aydin, Kerim Sigler, Michael F. Ortiz, Ivonne Lessard, Evelyn J. Williams, Benjamin C. Pinchuk, Alexei Buckley, Troy TI Euphausiids in the eastern Bering Sea: A synthesis of recent studies of euphausiid production, consumption and population control SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Euphausiids; Krill; Thysanoessa; Walleye Pollock; Gadus chalcogrammus; Top-down/bottom-up control ID THYSANOESSA-INERMIS KROYER; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; ORGANIC-CARBON EXPORT; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; WALLEYE POLLOCK AB Euphausiids are an important component of the eastern Bering Sea marine ecosystem. We synthesized information on the ecological roles of two species, Thysanoessa raschii, which predominates over the Middle and Inner Shelf Domains, and Thysanoessa inermis, which predominates over the Outer Shelf Domain. Although estimates of euphausiid biomass across the shelf are not well constrained, we estimated that, between April and July, 2004-2010, euphausiid biomass was 3.08-5.25 g C m(-2) on the outer shelf and 1.95-3.92 g C m(-2) on the middle shelf. Modeled estimates of euphausiid production, for spring and summer combined, varied between 0.043 g C m(-2) d(-1) and 0.051 g C m(-2) d(-1), depending on location, with a mean of 0.048 g C m(-2) d(-1). Recently reported field measurements of annual primary production over the southeastern Bering Sea in 2008-2009 vary between 0.06 and 6.65 g C m(-2) d(-1), with a mean of 1.262 g C m(-2) d(-1) +/- 2.049 g C m(-2) d(-1) in spring and summer combined, a level sufficient to support euphausiids, at least on an annualized basis. Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus, hereafter pollock) is the single most important consumer of euphausiids over the eastern Bering Sea shelf. We estimated that pollock consumed between 0.0042 and 0.019.7 g C m(-2) d(-1) of euphausiids, depending on year, with a mean of 0.011 g C m(-2) d(-1) in summer averaged over 1999-2009. This consumption is equivalent to between 17% and 29% of summer euphausiid production, depending on location. Over the period for which data were available (2004-2012), we observed a strong negative relationship between euphausiid biomass as determined in acoustic surveys and pollock biomass as estimated in the eastern Bering Sea pollock stock assessment (r(2)=0.82). During this time period, sea-surface temperature was the second strongest predictor of euphausiid biomass, (r(2)=0.63). However, for the period 2004-2010, bottom temperature (r(2)=0.94) was the strongest predictor, followed by pollock biomass from the pollock stock assessment (r(2)=0.82), and sea-surface temperature (r(2)=0.81). Mean pollock density in the acoustic surveys was not a powerful predictor of euphausiid biomass during either period. In spatially explicit multiple regression analyses for the periods 2004-2012 and 2004-2010 those formulations that included sea-surface and bottom temperatures as well as survey estimates of pollock had the greatest explanatory value. However, when either or both temperature terms were dropped, the explanatory value of the models dropped considerably. When pollock biomass was dropped from the models, there was little change in explanatory value compared to the full model. Euphausiid production and pollock consumption data coupled with a negative relationship between euphausiid biomass and stock assessment estimates of pollock biomass indicate a top-down predation effect. However, strong negative relationships between euphausiid biomass and water temperatures indicate the influence of a bottom-up mechanism. The apparent differences in these results may relate to the different spatial and temporal scales used to assess the pollock biomass used in the analyses. Alternatively, euphausiid biomass may be strongly controlled during a restricted portion of the year, such as spring, if critical food needs are not met in some years. We lack the data necessary to resolve these alternative hypotheses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.; De Robertis, Alex; Aydin, Kerim; Buckley, Troy] NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gibson, Georgina A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK USA. [Ortiz, Ivonne] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lessard, Evelyn J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Benjamin C.; Pinchuk, Alexei] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hunt, GL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NSF ANS BEST-synthesis grants [1107250, 1106910, 1106924, 1107187, 1107203, 1107303]; Bering Sea Project [171] FX We thank the many colleagues who have generously provided data or access to preliminary manuscripts so that we could have the most complete synthesis of recent Bering Sea work possible. We thank the Editors of this special issue for their patience, and the Reviewers for insightful and compelling comments on the ms. GLH, in particular, thanks Lisa Eisner, Franz Mueter, Stephani Zador and Mike Lomas, as well as the co-authors for numerous stimulating discussions that helped shape the ms. The development of the synthesis was supported by NSF ANS BEST-synthesis grants 1107250, 1106910, 1106924, 1107187, 1107203, and 1107303. This is NPRB paper number 556 and Bering Sea Project paper number 171. NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 204 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.007 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500015 ER PT J AU Sigler, MF Napp, JM Stabeno, PJ Heintz, RA Lomas, MW Hunt, GL AF Sigler, Michael F. Napp, Jeffrey M. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Heintz, Ronald A. Lomas, Michael W. Hunt, George L., Jr. TI Variation in annual production of copepods, euphausiids, and juvenile walleye pollock in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Climate; Sea ice; Productivity; Zooplankton; Walleye pollock; Bering Sea; Match-mismatch ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALANUS-GLACIALIS; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; INORGANIC CARBON AB We synthesize recent research on variation in annual production of copepods (Calanus spp.), euphausiids (Thysanoessa spp.), and juvenile walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the southeastern Bering Sea. We reach five conclusions: 1) the timing of the spring bloom is more important than the amount of annual primary production for the transfer of primary to secondary production (i.e., timing matters); 2) summer and fall, not just spring, matter: organisms must maximize energy intake devoted to somatic growth and storage of lipids and minimize energy expenditures during each season; 3) stored lipids are important for the overwinter survival of both zooplankton and age-0 walleye pollock; 4) variation in ice extent and timing of ice retreat affect the spatial distributions of phytoplanlcton, zooplankton, and age-0 walleye pollock; when these spatial distributions match in late-ice-retreat years, the annual production of copepods, euphausiids, and juvenile walleye pollock often increases (i.e., location matters); 5) if years with late ice retreat, which favor copepod, euphausiid, and juvenile walleye pollock production, occur in succession, top-down control increases. These conclusions help to explain annual variation in production of copepods, euphausiids and juvenile walleye pollock. Copepods and euphausiids often are more abundant in cold years with late ice retreat than in warm years with early ice retreat due to bloom timing and the availability of ice algae during years with late ice retreat. As a consequence, age-0 walleye pollock consume lipid-enriched prey in cold years, better preparing them for their first winter and their over winter survival is greater. In addition, there is a spatial match of primary production, zooplankton, and age-0 walleye pollock in cold years and a mismatch in warm years. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Heintz, Ronald A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Oceans & Atmospher Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lomas, Michael W.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 60 Bigelow Dr,POB 380, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov OI Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU National Science Foundation [ANC-1107250]; Bering Sea Project [175]; NOAA's Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program FX Thanks to Ken Coyle, Elizabeth Siddon, Carin Ashjian, and three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and insightful reviews and to Carin Ashjian, Neal Banas, Bob Campbell, Seth Danielson, Ted Durbin, Lisa Eisner, Rodger Harvey, Cal Mordy, Alexei Pinchuk, Rachel Pleuthner, and Patrick Ressler for answers to some of our questions as we wrote our manuscript. GLH and MWL were supported, in part, by National Science Foundation, Grant ANC-1107250. This is NPRB paper number 572 and Bering Sea Project paper number 175. It is also PMEL Contribution #4374 and Eco-FOCI Contribution #N848 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program. JMN and PJS gratefully acknowledge the support of NOAA's Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program which funded their participation and the warm year observations collected by the EcoFOCI Program. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 126 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.01.003 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500016 ER PT J AU Andrews, AG Strasburger, WW Farley, EV Murphy, JM Coyle, KO AF Andrews, Alexander G., III Strasburger, Wesley W. Farley, Edward V., Jr. Murphy, James M. Coyle, Kenneth O. TI Effects of warm and cold climate conditions on capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Capelin; Herring; Forage fish; Bering Sea; Climate change; Diet; Crustacean zooplankton ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FEEDING ECOLOGY; BARENTS SEA; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; FOOD-HABITS; FORAGE FISH; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; NORTHERN AB Climate warming has impacted the southern extent of sea ice in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) ecosystem, leading to many changes in ocean conditions and food webs there. We explore how these changes have affected two key forage fish species, capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), examining the effects of climate change on this commercially important ecosystem in the EBS. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from surface trawls, size, and diet of capelin and Pacific herring were collected during a series of warm and cold years by fisheries oceanographic surveys conducted from mid-August to early October 2003 through 2011. Overall, mean CPUE for both species was higher in the northeastern Bering Sea [NEBS; capelin = 1.2 kg/km(2) (warm) and 40.0 kg/km(2) (cold); herring=141.1 kg/km(2) (warm) and 132.4 kg/km(2) (cold)] relative to the southeastern Bering Sea [SEBS; capelin = 0.2 kg/km(2) (warm) and 5.8 kg/km(2) (cold); herring=15.8 kg/km(2) (warm) and 24.5 kg/km(2) (cold)1, irrespective of temperature conditions. Capelin mean CPUE was significantly lower during warm years than during cold years [p < 0.001; 0.6 kg/km(2) (warm), 19.0 kg/km(2) (cold)]. Pacific herring mean CPUE was less variable between warm and cold years [p < 0.001; 63.8 kg/km(2) (warm), 66.2 kg/km(2) (cold)], but was still significantly less during warm years than cold. Capelin and herring lengths remained relatively constant between climate periods. Capelin lengths were similar among oceanographic domains [104 mm (South Inner domain), 112 mm (South Middle domain), 107 mm (North Inner domain), and 104 mm (North Middle domain)], while herring were larger in domains further offshore [123 mm (South Inner domain), 232 mm (South Middle domain), 260 mm (South Outer domain), 129 mm (North Inner domain), and 198 mm (North Middle domain)]. Diets for both species were significantly different between climate periods. Large crustacean prey comprised a higher proportion of the diets in most regions during cold years. Age-0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) contributed > 60% to the diets of Pacific herring in southern Middle Domain and > 30% in the northern Middle domain during warm years. A switch to less energetic prey for these forage fishes during warm years may have implications for fitness and future recruitment. The shifts in the distribution and lower biomass of capelin in the EBS during warm years could lead to disruptions in energy pathways in this complex marine ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Andrews, Alexander G., III; Strasburger, Wesley W.; Farley, Edward V., Jr.; Murphy, James M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Coyle, Kenneth O.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Andrews, AG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM alex.andrews@noaa.gov FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [170] FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson as well as the captains and crews of the following fishing vessels: F/V Sea Storm, F/V Northwest Explorer, F/V Epic Explorer, and F/V Bristol Explorer. We also thank the many scientists that assisted with processing and sampling the catch. This project would not have been possible without the expertize of Natalia Kuznetsova (TINRO) and Mary Auburn-Cook for performing on board diet analyses. We greatly appreciate Peter Hulson (AFSC), Franz Mueter (UAF) and Kathy Mier (AFSC) for their guidance and assistance with some of the statistical analyses. In addition, we would like to thank Ellen Yasumiishi, the AFSC editorial staff, three anonymous reviewers, and Jeff Napp (guest editor), whose valuable comments and constructive criticism greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 170 and NPRB publication number 555. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.008 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500017 ER PT J AU Farley, EV Heintz, RA Andrews, AG Hurst, TP AF Farley, Edward V., Jr. Heintz, Ron A. Andrews, Alex G. Hurst, Thomas P. TI Size, diet, and condition of age-0 Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) during warm and cool climate states in the eastern Bering sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Pacific cod; Age-0; Energetics; Diet; Winter survival ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ENERGY ALLOCATION; FORAGE FISH; BODY-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; RECRUITMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS; ALLOMETRY AB The revised Oscillating Control Hypothesis for the Bering Sea suggests that recruitment of groundfish is linked to climatic processes affecting seasonal sea ice that, in turn, drives the quality and quantity of prey available to young fish for growth and energy storage during their critical life history stages. We test this notion for age-0 (juvenile) Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) by examining the variability in size, diet, and energetic condition during warm (2003-2005), average (2006), and cool (2007-2011) climate states in the eastern Bering Sea. Juvenile cod stomachs contained high proportions of age-0 walleye pollock (by wet weight) during years with warm sea temperatures with a shift to euphausiids and large copepods during years with cool sea temperatures. Juvenile cod were largest during years with warm sea temperatures and smallest during years with cool sea temperatures. However, energetic status (condition) of juvenile cod was highest during years with cool sea temperatures. This result is likely linked to the shift to high quality, lipid-rich prey found in greater abundance on the shelf and in the stomach contents of juvenile cod during cool years. Our examination of juvenile cod size, diet, and energetic status provided results that are similar to those from studies on juvenile pollock, suggesting that the common mechanisms regulating gadid recruitment on the eastern Bering Sea shelf are climate state, prey quality and quantity, and caloric density of gadids prior to winter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Farley, Edward V., Jr.; Heintz, Ron A.; Andrews, Alex G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA,Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Farley, EV (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ed.farley@noaa.gov; ron.heintz@noaa.gov; alex.andrews@noaa.gov; thomas.hurst@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.011 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500018 ER PT J AU Parker-Stetter, S Urmy, S Home, J Eisner, L Farley, E AF Parker-Stetter, Sandra Urmy, Samuel Home, John Eisner, Lisa Farley, Edward TI Factors affecting summer distributions of Bering Sea forage fish species: Assessing competing hypotheses SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Capelin; Walleye Pollock; Pacific cod; Distribution; Information theoretic approach; Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL SELECTION; WESTERN GULF AB Hypotheses on the factors affecting forage fish species distributions are often proposed but rarely evaluated using a comprehensive suite of indices. Using 24 predictor indices, we compared competing hypotheses and calculated average models for the distributions of capelin, age-0 Pacific cod, and age-0 pollock in the eastern Bering Sea from 2006 to 2010. Distribution was described using a two stage modeling approach: probability of occurrence ("presence") and density when fish were present. Both local (varying by location and year) and annual (uniform in space but varying by year) indices were evaluated, the latter accounting for the possibility that distributions were random but that overall presence or densities changed with annual conditions. One regional index, distance to the location of pre flexion larvae earlier in the year, was evaluated for age-0 pollock. Capelin distributions were best predicted by local indices such as bottom depth, temperature, and salinity. Annual climate (May sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice extent anomaly) and wind (June wind speed cubed) indices were often important for age-0 Pacific cod in addition to local indices (temperature and depth). Surface, midwater, and water column age-0 pollock distributions were best described by a combination of local (depth, temperature, salinity, zooplankton) and annual (May SST, sea ice anomaly, June wind speed cubed) indices. Our results corroborated some of those in previous distribution studies, but suggested that presence and density may also be influenced by other factors. Even though there were common environmental factors that influenced all species' distributions, it is not possible to generalize conditions for forage fish as a group. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Parker-Stetter, Sandra; Urmy, Samuel; Home, John] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eisner, Lisa; Farley, Edward] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Parker-Stetter, Sandra] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Urmy, Samuel] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. RP Parker-Stetter, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Parker-Stetter, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM sandy.parker-stetter@noaa.gov FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [176] FX The authors thank Matt Baker (NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-AFSC), Seth Danielson (University of Alaska Fairbanks), Janet Duffy-Anderson (NOAA-AFSC), Sigrid Salo (NOAA-AFSC), and Tracey Smart (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources) for providing supplementary data that were used in our analyses. We thank George Hunt (University of Washington, UW) for a helpful review that improved the manuscript. We also thank Steve Barbeaux (NOAA-AFSC), Tim Essington (UW), and Ben Stewart-Koster (Griffith University) for helpful model selection discussions and for reviewing our methodology. The comments of Phyllis Stabeno (NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) and two anonymous reviewers also improved the content and clarity of this work. The authors thank David Barbee and Jennifer Nomura (UW) for assistance with acoustic data collection, processing, and analysis, and Kristin Cieciel and Jeanette Gann (NOAA-AFSC) for assistance in collection and processing of oceanographic data. The authors thank the Chief Scientists, scientific staff, Captains, and crews on the Epic Explorer, Northwest Explorer, Sea Storm, and the NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson during 2006-2010. We also thank the NOAA-MACE program (Seattle, WA) for use of equipment and software during 2008-2010 and for providing calibration data for scientific echosounders. The NOAA-FEDZ Laboratory (Juneau, AK) is gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in species identification. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This paper is NPRB publication number 576 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 176. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.06.013 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500019 ER PT J AU Miller, JA DiMaria, RA Hurst, TP AF Miller, Jessica A. DiMaria, Ruth A. Hurst, Thomas P. TI Patterns of larval source distribution and mixing in early life stages of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Otolith chemistry; Pacific cod; Alaska Peninsula; Bering Sea; Juvenile; Larval sources ID CORAL-REEF FISH; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MELANOPS; OPEN-COAST FISH; OTOLITH CHEMISTRY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NATURAL TAGS; GROWTH-RATE; TEMPERATURE AB Effective and sustainable management depends on knowledge of spawning locations and their relative contributions to marine fish populations. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the southeastern Bering Sea aggregate at discrete spawning locations but there is little information on patterns of larval dispersal and the relative contribution of specific spawning areas to nursery habitats. Age-0 Pacific cod from two cohorts (2006 and 2008) were examined to address the following questions: (1) does size, age, and otolith chemistry vary among known capture locations; (2) can variation in elemental composition of the otolith cores (early larval signatures) be used to infer the number of chemically distinct sources contributing to juvenile recruits in the Bering Sea; and (3) to what extent are juvenile collection locations represented by groups of fish with similar chemical histories throughout their early life history? Hierarchical cluster (HCA) and discriminant function analyses (DFA) were used to examine variation in otolith chemistry at discrete periods throughout the early life history. HCA identified five chemically distinct groups of larvae in the 2006 cohort and three groups in 2008; however, three sources accounted for 80-100% of the juveniles in each year. DFA of early larval signatures indicated that there were non-random spatial distributions of early larvae in both years, which may reflect interannual variation in regional oceanography. There was also a detectable and substantial level of coherence in chemical signatures within groups of fish throughout the early life history. The variation in elemental signatures throughout the early life history (hatch to capture) indicates that otolith chemical analysis could be an effective tool to further clarify larval sources and dispersal, identify juvenile nursery habitats, and estimate the contributions of juvenile nursery habitats to the adult population within the southeastern Bering Sea. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Jessica A.; DiMaria, Ruth A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hurst, Thomas P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [DiMaria, Ruth A.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Res Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jessica.miller@oregonstate.edu; DiMariaR@si.edu; thomas.hurst@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [R0816] FX We express sincere appreciation to the following people whose contributions made this research possible: the Ecosystems & Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and the Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey programs for collections of larval and juvenile Pacific cod; A. Ungerer of the W.M. Keck Collaboratory for providing valuable assistance with ICPMS analyses; M. Spencer for assisting with ArcGIS mapping; C. Danley, A. Paul and W. Clerf for assistance with otolith preparation; and L Ciannelli, G. Boehlert, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript A portion of this work was completed in partial fulfillment of RAD.'s M.S. thesis at Oregon State University. This research was supported with funding from the North Pacific Research Board grant no. R0816. This contribution is North Pacific Research Board publication number 500. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 270 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.012 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500020 ER PT J AU Duffy-Anderson, JT Barbeaux, SJ Farley, E Heintz, R Horne, JK Parker-Stetter, SL Petrik, C Siddon, EC Smart, TI AF Duffy-Anderson, J. T. Barbeaux, S. J. Farley, E. Heintz, R. Horne, J. K. Parker-Stetter, S. L. Petrik, C. Siddon, E. C. Smart, T. I. TI The critical first year of life of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea: Implications for recruitment and future research SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock; Eggs; Larvae; Juveniles; Bering Sea; Recruitment; Climate ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; GULF-OF-ALASKA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEPENDENT GROWTH; SHELIKOF STRAIT; WESTERN GULF; ATLANTIC COD; PACIFIC COD AB Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) support a large commercial fishery in the eastern Bering Sea despite large interannual and decadal swings in population abundance. These oscillations challenge the fishery, prompting significant effort directed to understanding the species and its recruitment. Conceptual paradigms of walleye pollock recruitment recognize that understanding the factors affecting survivorship during the first year of life is central to understanding population fluctuation. Since the first year is critical to year-class strength of this key economically and ecologically important species, we review the state of knowledge of pre-recruit walleye pollock ecology in the eastern Bering Sea during this critical first-year period, including spawning, changes in vertical and horizontal distributions, feeding, growth, body condition, transport, and predation. We then critically examine the recruitment paradigms based on the component processes that have been proposed to explain mechanisms of recruitment control. We identify paradigm strengths or weaknesses relative to our current state of knowledge, discussing relevance and validity. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose areas of future research effort. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Duffy-Anderson, J. T.; Barbeaux, S. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farley, E.; Heintz, R.; Siddon, E. C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Horne, J. K.; Parker-Stetter, S. L.; Smart, T. I.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Petrik, C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Petrik, C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Smart, T. I.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov FU Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigation's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystems Program; National Science Foundation's Bering Ecosystem Study Program; BEST-BSIERP Project [150] FX Special thanks to Patrick Ressler, Franz Mueter, Kevin Bailey, and Thomas Hurst for discussion and to Ann Matarese, Jeff Napp, Mike Sigler, and three anonymous reviewers for comments. Debbie Blood assisted with editing an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, with funds from the Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigation's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystems Program, the North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Program, and the National Science Foundation's Bering Ecosystem Study Program. This paper is contribution EcoFOCI-0780 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations Program, BEST-BSIERP Project publication number 150, and NPRB publication number 515. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 178 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 283 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.001 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500021 ER PT J AU Buckley, TW Ortiz, I Kotwicki, S Aydin, K AF Buckley, Troy W. Ortiz, Ivonne Kotwicki, Stan Aydin, Kerim TI Summer diet composition of walleye pollock and predator-prey relationships with copepods and euphausiids in the eastern Bering Sea, 1987-2011 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock; Copepods; Euphausiids; Predator-prey ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FOOD-WEB; SHELF; ECOSYSTEM; AMPHIPODA; ABUNDANCE AB The composition of walleye pollock diets from the eastern Bering Sea continental shelf was determined from 25 years of sampling during summer surveys from 1987 through 2011. Substantial differences in the stomach contents of walleye pollock were found among the sizes and geographic strata that correspond to geographic distribution of the prey. With increasing pollock size, copepods decreased in importance in middle and outer shelf areas while mysids decreased in importance in the inner shelf. Euphausiids increased in importance with increasing pollock size in southeastern areas of the shelf, and fishes and shrimp increased in importance with increasing pollock size in northeastern areas of the middle and outer shelf. The biomass-weighted average diet composition of eastern Bering Sea pollock in each year's survey indicated perennial but variable importance of euphausiids and copepods as prey. An index of partial fullness indicated an interannual pattern of below-average consumption of copepods by the surveyed pollock from 1993 to 2004, but during this period the amount of euphausiids consumed continued to fluctuate about a mean that was similar'to years surveyed before and after that period. The summer feeding success, as indicated by average stomach fullness, of intermediate sizes of pollock appears to be closely related to the consumption of copepods (especially for pollock 30-39 cm fork length (FL)) and prey other than euphausiids (especially for pollock 40-49 cm FL). Length-specific predator -prey relationships with copepods and euphausiids correspond to patterns in pollock feeding migrations. Interannual trends in the biomass of copepods in the EBS are reflected most closely in the diet of 20-29 cm FL pollock, and trends in the biomass of euphausiids in the EBS are reflected most closely in the diet of the largest pollock (60+ cm FL). Climate-mediated changes in the zooplankton community will likely have differential impacts across the demographic spectrum of pollock in the EBS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buckley, Troy W.; Kotwicki, Stan; Aydin, Kerim] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ortiz, Ivonne] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672 3737,Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Buckley, TW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Troy.Buckley@noaa.gov FU BSIERP; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [154] FX We are grateful to BSIERP for their financial support of this research as well as the collection and laboratory analysis of some of the stomachs used in this project. The Alaska Fisheries Science Center's RACE Groundfish and Shellfish Assessment Program, and all the survey participants have made the collection of these samples possible. Special thanks are extended to P. H. Ressler for providing the EBS euphausiid biomass data, and to A. Yamaguchi for permission to use the EBS zooplankton biomass time series that is collected by Hokkaido University and the T/S Oshoro Maru. Reviews of an early version of this manuscript from K. K. Holsman, P. H. Ressler, and O. A. Ormseth are greatly appreciated. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This is NPRB Publication number 529 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project Publication number 154. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 302 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.009 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500022 ER PT J AU Zerbini, AN Friday, NA Palacios, DM Waite, JM Ressler, PH Rone, BK Moore, SE Clapham, PJ AF Zerbini, Alexandre N. Friday, Nancy A. Palacios, Daniel M. Waite, Janice M. Ressler, Patrick H. Rone, Brenda K. Moore, Sue E. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Baleen whale abundance and distribution in relation to environmental variables and prey density in the Eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Baleen whales; Habitat preferences; Oceanography; Spatial variation; Temporal variation ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; HUMPBACK WHALES; OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTION; BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; EUBALAENA-JAPONICA; MARINE MAMMALS; MINKE WHALES; BARENTS SEA AB The Bering Sea is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world and an important habitat for various marine mammal species. Once abundant in this region, most baleen whale species were severely depleted by commercial whaling in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Since their protection in mid-20th century, baleen whale populations have been recovering and reoccupying their historical habitats. These species can consume large amounts of their prey and thus can modify the local structure of ecosystems. Characterizing the extent to which environmental conditions and prey density influence baleen whale abundance in the Eastern Bering Sea is essential to improve our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and to predict how these species might respond to ecosystem variability associated with climate changes. In this study, physiographic, oceanographic, and biological datasets from 2008 to 2010 were combined to model the habitat characteristics of fin whales, humpback whales, and minke whales in the EBS in early summer (June and July) using generalized additive models (GAMs). The explained deviances of the best-supported models were 54.9%, 20.6%, and 68.3% for minke, fin and humpback whales, respectively. Minke and fin whales had similar distribution patterns in the EBS but their abundance was predicted by different explanatory variables. Euphausiid and pollock biomasses, and depth were important predictors of minke whale numbers, while distance to shore, euphausiid biomass, distance to the 200 m isobath, and chlorophyll-a concentration better explained fin whale abundance. Humpback whales showed a preference for shallow, coastal waters north of the Alaska Peninsula. For this species, sea surface temperature, depth, chlorophyll-a concentration and euphausid biomass were important predictors of abundance. This study is the first to provide a habitat baseline for baleen whales in the EBS based on a quantitative assessment of the relationship between whale abundance, environmental variables, and density of euphausiids and age-1 pollock in early summer. Because this study was conducted during a cold temperature regime in the Bering Sea, additional research is needed to assess how whales respond to environmental variables and prey biomass in years with warm conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Friday, Nancy A.; Waite, Janice M.; Rone, Brenda K.; Clapham, Phillip J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, 418 1-2 4th Ave W, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn RACE Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Ecosyst Div, Off Sci & Technol, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zerbini, AN (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM azerbini@cascadiaresearch.org; nancy.friday@noaa.gov; daniel.palacios@oregonstate.edu; janice.waite@noaa.gov; patrick.ressler@noaa.gov; brenda.rone@noaa.gov; sue.moore@noaa.gov; phillip.clapham@noaa.gov OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); National Marine Fisheries Service [782-1719]; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [173] FX We thank Patti Haase, Amy Kennedy, Doug Kinzey, Ernesto Vazquez Morquecho, Laura Morse, Stephanie Norman, Paula Olson, Desray Reeb, Kim Valentine, Bridget Watts, and Suzanne Yin for their expertize and dedication during the long hours of visual survey. We greatly appreciate the extra effort of the observers who acted as cetacean cruise leaders: Yin and Morse in 2008, and Yin and Olson in 2010. We also thank Russell E. Nelson, Jr., then RACE Division Director, who graciously provided ship access and encouragement, without which there would be no data. The flexibility and assistance of the captains and crew of the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson contributed to the success of this research. AFSC survey chief scientists Alex De Robertis, Taina Honkalehto, Paul Walline, and Neal Williamson allowed cetacean research opportunities when practical. Thanks also to the entire RACE scientific crew for their flexibility and support. The thoughtful reviews of Kim Shelden, Paul Wade, and three anonymous referees are greatly appreciated. Funding for this research was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) and data collection was conducted under MMPA Permit no. 782-1719 issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service. This is NPRB publication number 559 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 173. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 24 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 312 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.11.002 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500023 ER PT J AU Moffitt, EA Punt, AE Holsman, K Aydin, KY Ianelli, JN Ortiz, I AF Moffitt, Elizabeth A. Punt, Andre E. Holsman, Kirstin Aydin, Kerim Y. Ianelli, James N. Ortiz, Ivonne TI Moving towards ecosystem-based fisheries management: Options for parameterizing multi-species biological reference points SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE EBFM; Fishery biology; Fishery management; Multi-species model; Stock assessment; Groundfish; Biological reference points; Ecosim; Predator prey interactions; Maximum sustainable yield ID SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS; HARVEST STRATEGY POLICY; PREDATION MORTALITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH STOCKS; THRESHOLDS; OBJECTIVES; LESSONS; SINGLE AB Multi-species models can improve our understanding of the effects of fishing so that it is possible to make informed and transparent decisions regarding fishery impacts. Broad application of multi-species assessment models to support ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) requires the development and testing of multi-species biological reference points (MBRPs) for use in harvest-control rules. We outline and contrast several possible MBRPs that range from those that can be readily used in current frameworks to those belonging to a broader EBFM context. We demonstrate each of the possible MBRPs using a simple two species model, motivated by walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the eastern Bering Sea, to illustrate differences among methods. The MBRPs we outline each differ in how they approach the multiple, potentially conflicting management objectives and trade-offs of EBFM. These options for MBRPs allow multi-species models to be readily adapted for EBFM across a diversity of management mandates and approaches. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moffitt, Elizabeth A.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ortiz, Ivonne] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Holsman, Kirstin; Aydin, Kerim Y.; Ianelli, James N.; Ortiz, Ivonne] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moffitt, Elizabeth A.] Sea Star Sci Editing, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Moffitt, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Moffitt, EA (reprint author), Sea Star Sci Editing, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM elizabeth@seastarscientificediting.com; aepunt@uw.edu; Kirstin.Holsman@noaa.gov; kerim.aydin@noaa.gov; Jim.lanelli@noaa.gov; ivonne@u.washington.edu FU Bering Sea Project [166]; North Pacific Research Board [B73, 548]; North Pacific Research Board; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2202] FX This is the Bering Sea Project publication number 166 and North Pacific Research Board (Grant number B73) publication number 548. The North Pacific Research Board provided funding for this work. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution no. 2202. Several of the ideas outlined in this paper arose from a workshop funded by the North Pacific Research Board in October, 2011. Many thanks to all the workshop participants for very productive discussions. We would also like to thank the guest editor and four anonymous reviewers for their comments on this paper. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.002 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500025 ER PT J AU Ortiz, I Aydin, K Hermann, AJ Gibson, GA Punt, AE Wiese, FK Eisner, LB Ferm, N Buckley, TW Moffitt, EA Ianelli, JN Murphy, J Dalton, M Cheng, W Wang, MY Hedstrom, K Bond, NA Curchitser, EN Boyd, C AF Ortiz, Ivonne Aydin, Kerim Hermann, Albert J. Gibson, Georgina A. Punt, Andre E. Wiese, Francis K. Eisner, Lisa B. Ferm, Nissa Buckley, Troy W. Moffitt, Elizabeth A. Ianelli, James N. Murphy, James Dalton, Michael Cheng, Wei Wang, Muyin Hedstrom, Kate Bond, Nicholas A. Curchitser, Enrique N. Boyd, Charlotte TI Climate to fish: Synthesizing field work, data and models in a 39-year retrospective analysis of seasonal processes on the eastern Bering Sea shelf and slope SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Seasonal processes; End-to-end modeling; Ecosystem modeling; Pollock ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; TO-END MODELS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PELAGIC FISH AB We combined field data and the output from a climate-to-fish coupled biophysical model to calculate weekly climatologies and 1971-2009 time series of physical and biological drivers for 16 distinct regions of the eastern Bering Sea shelf and slope. We focus on spatial trends and physical-biological interactions as a framework to compare model output to localized or season-specific observations. Data on pollocic (>= 8 cm) diet were used to evaluate energy flows and zooplankton dynamics predicted by the model. Model validation shows good agreement to sea-ice cover albeit with a one month delay in ice retreat. Likewise, the timing of spring phytoplankton blooms in the model were delayed approximately one month in the south and extend further into summer, but the relative timing between the spring and fall bloom peaks was consistent with observations. Ice-related primary producers may shift the timing of the spring bloom maximum biomass earlier in years when sea ice was still present after mid-March in the southern regions. Including the effects of explicit, dynamic fish predation on zooplankton in the model shifts the seasonal spring peak and distribution of zooplankton later in the year relative to simulations with implicit predation dependent only on zooplanlcton biomass and temperature; the former capturing the dynamic demand on zooplanlcton prey by fish. Pollock diets based on stomach samples collected in late fall and winter from 1982-2013 show overwintering euphausiids and small pollock as key prey items in the outer and southern Bering Sea shelf; a characteristic not currently present in the model. The model captured two large-scale gradients, supported by field data, characterizing the overall dynamics: 1) inshore to off-shelf physical and biological differences with a gradient in inter-annual variability from higher frequency inshore to lower frequency offshore; and 2) latitudinal gradients in the timing of events. The combined effects of length of day, bathymetry, and tides, which are consistent from year to year, and the two large-scale gradients, characterize the environment on which regional differences were based and restrict their inter-annual and seasonal variability. Thus, the relative timing and sequence of events remained consistent within regions. The combination of model outputs and observational data revealed specific ecosystem processes: (1) The spatial progression in the timing, peaks and sequence of events over the shelf is driven by wind, sea ice, and stratification and creates a seasonal expansion and contraction of the warmer pelagic and bottom habitat suitable to pollock. (2) The seasonal warming of air temperature and the spring-summer expansion of the warm pelagic and bottom habitats influence the ice retreat and the associated ice edge and open water spring blooms, as well as subsequent production/abundance of copepods and euphausiids. (3) These warmer conditions favor pelagic energy flows to pollock ( 10 cm) and allow their distribution to expand shoreward and northward along the shelf break. (4) The fall-winter expansion of the seasonal ice cover drives the contraction of warmer waters towards the outer and southwest shelf and favors benthic energy flows over most of the shelf. There, fall blooms allow for additional lipid storage by large copepods and euphausiids that sink close to the bottom where they either go into diapause or have a restricted diel migration over winter. (5) During these cold months, the preferred pollock habitat shifts and contracts towards the outer and southwest shelf where their increased density and reduced prey availability leads to winter pollock cannibalism and consumption of overwintering euphausiids. Our project highlights the benefits of linking continuous and long-term field work with the development and implementation of highly complex models. In the face of uncertainty, simulations such as these, tightly coupled to field programs, will be instrumental as testbeds for process exploration and management evaluation, increasing their relevance for future fisheries and ecosystem management and strategic planning. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Ortiz, Ivonne; Hermann, Albert J.; Cheng, Wei; Wang, Muyin; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Aydin, Kerim; Eisner, Lisa B.; Ferm, Nissa; Buckley, Troy W.; Ianelli, James N.; Dalton, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gibson, Georgina A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Boyd, Charlotte] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wiese, Francis K.] Stantec Consulting Serv Inc, 725 E Fireweed Lane, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Moffitt, Elizabeth A.] Sea Star Sci Editing, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murphy, James] Univ Washington, Ctr Studies Demog & Ecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hedstrom, Kate] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hermann, Albert J.; Cheng, Wei; Wang, Muyin; Bond, Nicholas A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ortiz, I (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ivonne@u.washington.edu FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) as part of the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (NPRB BSIERP) [B52, B70, B71, B73]; National Science Foundation [0732534]; NSF [ARC-1107203, ARC-0732538, NSF-0732534]; NPRB; JISAO under NOAA [NA100AR4320148]; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [169]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington [2016-01-19] FX The "authors would like to acknowledge the collective contribution of all the researchers involved in the Bering Sea Project who generously shared data and expertize. Ed Farley, Patrick Ressler, Mike Sigler, Cal Mordy, George Hunt, two anonymous reviewers, and the guest editor, Phyllis Stabeno, are thanked for their comments and insights on earlier versions of this paper. 10, AJH, AEP, EM and JM were partially supported by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) as part of the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (NPRB BSIERP grants B52, B70, B71 and B73). MW, NB, WC, EC and KH, were partially supported by National Science Foundation grant number 0732534; GG was funded by NSF awards ARC-1107203 and ARC-0732538. FKW was fully supported by NPRB in his former role as Science Director and Modeling Manager for NPRB. This work was partially funded by JISAO under NOAA cooperative agreement NA100AR4320148; NSF grant: "Bering Sea Ecosystem Study" (NSF-0732534). This research is contribution No. 4286 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, contribution EcoFOCI-0873 to NOAA's Ecosystems Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, publication 597 from the North Pacific Research Board; and 169 from the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, contribution No. 2016-01-19. NR 112 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 390 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.07.009 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500028 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Ortiz, I Aydin, KY Hunt, GL Wiese, FK AF Punt, Andre E. Ortiz, Ivonne Aydin, Kerim Y. Hunt, George L., Jr. Wiese, Francis K. TI End-to-end modeling as part of an integrated research program in the Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; End-to-end Modeling; Ecosystem based fisheries management; Management Strategy Evaluation ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; PARAMETERIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; RECRUITMENT; OBJECTIVES; AGE-0; SHELF AB Traditionally, the advice provided to fishery managers has focused on the trade-offs between short- and long-term yields, and between future resource size and expected future catches. The harvest control rules that are used to provide management advice consequently relate catches to stock biomass levels expressed relative to reference biomass levels. There are, however, additional trade-offs. Ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) aims to consider fish and fisheries in their ecological context, taking into account physical, biological, economic, and social factors. However, making EBFM operational remains challenging. It is generally recognized that end-to-end modeling should be a key part of implementing EBFM, along with harvest control rules that use information in addition to estimates of stock biomass to provide recommendations for management actions. Here we outline the process for selecting among alternative management strategies in an ecosystem context and summarize a Field integrated End-To-End modeling program, or FETE, intended to implement this process as part of the Bering Sea Project. A key aspect of this project was that, from the start, the FETE included a management strategy evaluation component to compare management strategies. Effective use of end-to-end modeling requires that the models developed for a system are indeed integrated across climate drivers, lower trophic levels, fish population dynamics, and fisheries and their management. We summarize the steps taken by the program managers to promote integration of modeling efforts by multiple investigators and highlight the lessons learned during the project that can be used to guide future use and design of end-to-end models. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Punt, Andre E.; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ortiz, Ivonne] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ortiz, Ivonne; Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wiese, Francis K.] Stantec Consulting Ltd, 2515A St, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [1107250]; NPRB; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2424]; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [157] FX This paper is derived from the authors' presentations at the Daniel Goodman Memorial Symposium (20-21 March 2014), and we thank the organizers for inviting us to be part of that important occasion. The authors would like to acknowledge the central contribution of the EMC to the Bering Sea Project, and in particular the contributions of Dan Goodman, former Science Panel member of the NPRB, whose idea it was to form an EMC, and who chaired that effort during its existence. Without the framework Dan and the committee provided, this modeling effort would have been fragmented and less tuned to delivering products useful not only for scientific understanding, but also for direct application to management objectives and decision making. AEP and IO were partially supported by theNorth Pacific Research Board. GLH was partially supported by National Science Foundation Grant number 1107250. FKW was fully supported by NPRB in his former role as Science Director and modeling manager for NPRB. Mike Sigler, Martin Dorn (AFSC), Chris Harvey (NWFSC), three anonymous reviewers and the guest editor, Tom Van Pelt, are thanked for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. This work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2424. This paper is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 157 and NPRB publication number 535. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.04.018 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500029 ER PT J AU Link, JS AF Link, Jason S. TI The importance of understanding ecosystem processes in the Eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 134 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.09.001 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF7LG UT WOS:000390510500030 ER PT J AU Liu, S Orloff, ND Little, CAE Lu, XF Booth, JC Ocket, I Lewandowski, A Schreurs, DMMP Nauwelaers, BKJC AF Liu, Song Orloff, Nathan D. Little, Charles A. E. Lu, Xifeng Booth, James C. Ocket, Ilja Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Schreurs, Dominique M. M. -P. Nauwelaers, Bart K. J. C. TI New Methods for Series-Resistor Calibrations on Substrates With Losses Up to 110 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Calibration; calibration comparison; impedance standards; millimeter wave measurement; series-resistor; silicon ID IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT AB We present two new methods to perform series-resistor calibrations on substrates with losses. Lossless calibration substrates, which are required by the traditional calibration comparison technique, are not needed. The proposed methods rely on multiline thru-reflect-line-calibrated series-resistor and series-capacitor data. The first method uses closed-form equations and the second method is based on multifrequency optimization. The proposed methods are based on a fundamental assumption that the resistance and the inductance of series-resistor standards fabricated with thin-film technologies are frequency-independent. In addition, an improved version of the traditional calibration comparison technique is proposed and is used as the benchmark technique. By measurement results on a high-resistivity silicon substrate up to 110 GHz, the validity of the proposed approaches is demonstrated. C1 [Liu, Song; Ocket, Ilja; Schreurs, Dominique M. M. -P.; Nauwelaers, Bart K. J. C.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elektrotech Telecommun & Microwaves, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Orloff, Nathan D.; Little, Charles A. E.; Lu, Xifeng; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Little, Charles A. E.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lu, Xifeng] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ocket, Ilja] IMEC, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz] Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elektrotech Telecommun & Microwaves, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. EM song.liu3000@gmail.com; cully.little@boulder.nist.gov; booth@boulder.nist.gov; ilja.ocket@imec.be; a.lewandowski@elka.pw.edu.pl OI Schreurs, Dominique/0000-0002-4018-7936 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 64 IS 12 BP 4287 EP 4297 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2609911 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA EF9KC UT WOS:000390648100023 ER PT J AU He, XG Hong, Y Vergara, H Zhang, K Kirstetter, PE Gourley, JJ Zhang, Y Qiao, G Liu, C AF He, Xiaogang Hong, Yang Vergara, Humberto Zhang, Ke Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Gourley, Jonathan J. Zhang, Yu Qiao, Gang Liu, Chun TI Development of a coupled hydrological-geotechnical framework for rainfall-induced landslides prediction SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRESLIDE; Landslide; Satellite remote sensing; Storm-triggered; Hydrological-geotechnical ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; UNGAUGED BASINS; SOIL DEPTH; MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PRECIPITATION; INFILTRATION; COUNTY; GEOTOP; WATER AB In this paper, we propose a new coupled hydrological-geotechnical model called CRESLIDE (Coupled Routing and Excess Storage and SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium), which can alleviate the chronic flaws of landslides simulation and prediction. CRESLIDE is designed to improve the original landslides model (SLIDE) through the coupling of hydrological model (CREST) and to deliver an integrated system for predicting storm-triggered landslides. This coupled system is implemented and evaluated in Macon County, North Carolina, where Hurricane Ivan triggered widespread landslides in September 2004 during the hurricane season. Model simulations from CRESLIDE show its reliability to predict landslides occurrence (location and timing). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrates that the coupled system (CRESLIDE) has higher specificity (94.10%) and higher sensitivity (11.36%) compared to the original SLIDE model (specificity = 93.32%, sensitivity = 10.23%) and a well-known landslide model (TRIGRS, whose sensitivity is 6.98%). This improved predictive performance demonstrates the advantage of coupling hydrological and geotechnical models with a more realistic representation of infiltration. It warrants a better depiction of the spatial and temporal dependence of hydrological and geotechnical processes in the course of the rainfall-triggered landslide event. This kind of model integration is useful for landslides prediction and early warning. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Xiaogang; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [He, Xiaogang; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [He, Xiaogang; Zhang, Yu] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Zhang, Ke] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, Jonathan J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Qiao, Gang; Liu, Chun] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP He, XG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, E315 Engn Quad, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr ARRC, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM hexg@princeton.edu; yanghong@ou.edu RI Zhang, Ke/B-3227-2012; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; OI Zhang, Ke/0000-0001-5288-9372; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; He, Xiaogang/0000-0001-7428-0269 FU NASA Surface and Interior program [NNH10ZDA001N-ESI]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4830100] FX This research was funded by a grant (NNH10ZDA001N-ESI) from the NASA Surface and Interior program and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA14OAR4830100, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 543 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.10.016 PN B PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA EG0PY UT WOS:000390735900018 ER PT J AU Merritt, A Rodriguez-Rivera, J Li, Y Wang, WY Zhang, CL Dai, PC Reznik, D AF Merritt, Adrian Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose Li, Yu Wang, Weiyi Zhang, Chenglin Dai, Pengcheng Reznik, Dmitry TI Absence of Long-Wavelength Nematic Fluctuations in LiFeAs SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Pnictide; Superconductor; Nematic; INS ID IRON-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORDER AB We investigated long-wavelength nematic fluctuations in an Fe-based superconductor LiFeAs near q = (0.05, 0, 0) by measuring temperature-dependent renormalization of acoustic phonons through inelastic neutron scattering. We found that the phonons have a conventional behavior, as would be expected in the absence of electronic nematic fluctuations. This observation implies that either electron-phonon coupling is too weak to see any effect or that nematic fluctuations are not present. C1 [Merritt, Adrian; Reznik, Dmitry] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Yu; Wang, Weiyi; Zhang, Chenglin; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Reznik, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dmitry.Reznik@colorado.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-SC0006939]; DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1839]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249] FX D.R. would like to thank R. Fernandez and J. Schmalian for the helpful discussions. Y.L. would like to thank X.C. Wang for the helpful discussion about crystal growth. A.M. and D.R. were supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-SC0006939. Work at Rice is supported by the DOE, BES DE-SC0012311 (P.D.), and in part by the Robert A. Welch Foundation, Grant No. C-1839 (P.D.). This work utilized the facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 EI 1557-1947 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3049 EP 3051 DI 10.1007/s10948-016-3810-x PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA EF0QK UT WOS:000390030600010 ER PT J AU Kolli, RP Herzing, AA Ankem, S AF Kolli, R. Prakash Herzing, Andrew A. Ankem, Sreeramamurthy TI Characterization of yttrium-rich precipitates in a titanium alloy weld SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Titanium; Weld Yttrium; Atom probe tomography (APT); High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; NANOSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; OXYGEN AB The yttrium-rich (Y-rich) precipitates that form in the fusion zone (FZ) of a Ti-5Al-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo (wt.%) alloy, or Ti-5111, gas-tungsten arc welds (GTAW) were characterized. The filler metal was modified by a small concentration of Y in order to refine the microstructure and thus improve the FZ ductility. A high number density of nanoscale Y-rich precipitates were characterized in the weld FZ by atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolli, R. Prakash; Ankem, Sreeramamurthy] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2144 Chem & Nucl Engn Bldg,090, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kolli, RP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2144 Chem & Nucl Engn Bldg,090, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pkolli@umd.edu OI Kolli, Prakash/0000-0003-1345-1735 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 EI 1873-4189 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 122 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2016.10.014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA EG0NA UT WOS:000390728300005 ER PT J AU Reichl, BG Ginis, I Hara, T Thomas, B Kukulka, T Wang, D AF Reichl, Brandon G. Ginis, Isaac Hara, Tetsu Thomas, Biju Kukulka, Tobias Wang, Dong TI Impact of Sea-State-Dependent Langmuir Turbulence on the Ocean Response to a Tropical Cyclone SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 2ND-MOMENT CLOSURE-MODEL; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MIXED-LAYER; HURRICANE INTENSITY; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATIONS; DRIVEN; WAVES; WIND AB Tropical cyclones are fueled by the air-sea heat flux, which is reduced when the ocean surface cools due to mixed layer deepening and upwelling. Wave-driven Langmuir turbulence can significantly modify these processes. This study investigates the impact of sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence on the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone in coupled wave-ocean simulations. The Stokes drift is computed from the simulated wave spectrum using the WAVEWATCH III wave model and passed to the three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. The Langmuir turbulence impact is included in the vertical mixing of the ocean model by adding the Stokes drift to the shear of the vertical mean current and by including Langmuir turbulence enhancements to the K-profile parameterization (KPP) scheme. Results are assessed by comparing simulations with explicit (sea-state dependent) and implicit (independent of sea state) Langmuir turbulence parameterizations, as well as with turbulence driven by shear alone. The results demonstrate that the sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence parameterization significantly modifies the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone. This is due to the reduction of upwelling and horizontal advection where the near-surface currents are reduced by Langmuir turbulence. The implicit scheme not only misses the impact of sea-state dependence on the surface cooling, but it also misrepresents the impact of the Langmuir turbulence on the Eulerian advection. This suggests that explicitly resolving the sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence will lead to increased accuracy in predicting the ocean response in coupled tropical cyclone-ocean models. C1 [Reichl, Brandon G.; Ginis, Isaac; Hara, Tetsu; Thomas, Biju] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI USA. [Kukulka, Tobias; Wang, Dong] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE USA. [Reichl, Brandon G.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Reichl, Brandon G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Reichl, BG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Reichl, BG (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM breichl@my.uri.edu FU NSF [OCE1129985, OCE1130678] FX The authors acknowledge NSF Grants OCE1129985(URI) and OCE1130678(UD) for funding this work. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 144 IS 12 BP 4569 EP 4590 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0074.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF9YK UT WOS:000390687200004 ER PT J AU Zhu, YQ Liu, E Mahajan, R Thomas, C Groff, D Van Delst, P Collard, A Kleist, D Treadon, R Derber, JC AF Zhu, Yanqiu Liu, Emily Mahajan, Rahul Thomas, Catherine Groff, David Van Delst, Paul Collard, Andrew Kleist, Daryl Treadon, Russ Derber, John C. TI All-Sky Microwave Radiance Assimilation in NCEP's GSI Analysis System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; DIRECT 4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; OSSE-BASED EVALUATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PART II; 1D+4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; INFRARED RADIANCES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; RECURSIVE FILTERS AB The capability of all-sky microwave radiance assimilation in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system has been developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This development effort required the adaptation of quality control, observation error assignment, bias correction, and background error covariance to all-sky conditions within the ensemble-variational (EnVar) framework. The assimilation of cloudy radiances from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) microwave radiometer for ocean fields of view (FOVs) is the primary emphasis of this study. In the original operational hybrid 3D EnVar Global Forecast System (GFS), the clear-sky approach for radiance data assimilation is applied. Changes to data thinning and quality control have allowed all-sky satellite radiances to be assimilated in the GSI. Along with the symmetric observation error assignment, additional situation-dependent observation error inflation is employed for all-sky conditions. Moreover, in addition to the current radiance bias correction, a new bias correction strategy has been applied to all-sky radiances. In this work, the static background error variance and the ensemble spread of cloud water are examined, and the levels of cloud variability from the ensemble forecast in single-and dual-resolution configurations are discussed. Overall, the all-sky approach provides more realistic simulated brightness temperatures and cloud water analysis increments, and improves analysis off the west coasts of the continents by reducing a known bias in stratus. An approximate 10% increase in the use of AMSU-A channels 1-5 and a 12% increase for channel 15 are also observed. The all-sky AMSU-A radiance assimilation became operational in the 4D EnVar GFS system upgrade of 12 May 2016. C1 [Zhu, Yanqiu; Mahajan, Rahul; Thomas, Catherine; Groff, David; Van Delst, Paul; Collard, Andrew] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Emily] Syst Res Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Kleist, Daryl] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Treadon, Russ; Derber, John C.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, YQ (reprint author), EMC, NCEP, IMSG, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yanqiu.zhu@noaa.gov FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (DRA); NCEP/EMC FX We thank Ruiyu Sun for helpful discussions and providing references on the GFS moist physics, thank Fanglin Yang for helping on plotting software package, and thank Jeffrey Whitaker for providing references for SKEB, SPPT, and SHUM in the stochastic physics. Thanks are also due to Jordan C. Alpert, James Jung, and David Parrish for their comments and suggestions during the EMC internal review process. We also would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful suggestions and comments. This work is supported by Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (DRA) and NCEP/EMC base funding. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 144 IS 12 BP 4709 EP 4735 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0445.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF9YK UT WOS:000390687200011 ER PT J AU Kalesse, H de Boer, G Solomon, A Oue, M Ahlgrimm, M Zhang, DM Shupe, MD Luke, E Protat, A AF Kalesse, Heike de Boer, Gijs Solomon, Amy Oue, Mariko Ahlgrimm, Maike Zhang, Damao Shupe, Matthew D. Luke, Edward Protat, Alain TI Understanding Rapid Changes in Phase Partitioning between Cloud Liquid and Ice in Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds: An Arctic Case Study SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RADAR DOPPLER SPECTRA; IN-SITU DATA; CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-ICE; REFLECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; SURFACE AB Understanding phase transitions in mixed-phase clouds is of great importance because the hydrometeor phase controls the lifetime and radiative effects of clouds. In high latitudes, these cloud radiative effects have a crucial impact on the surface energy budget and thus on the evolution of the ice cover. For a springtime low-level mixed-phase stratiform cloud case from Barrow, Alaska, a unique combination of instruments and retrieval methods is combined with multiple modeling perspectives to determine key processes that control cloud phase partitioning. The interplay of local cloud-scale versus large-scale processes is considered. Rapid changes in phase partitioning were found to be caused by several main factors. Major influences were the large-scale advection of different air masses with different aerosol concentrations and humidity content, cloud-scale processes such as a change in the thermodynamical coupling state, and local-scale dynamics influencing the residence time of ice particles. Other factors such as radiative shielding by a cirrus and the influence of the solar cycle were found to only play a minor role for the specific case study (11-12 March 2013). For an even better understanding of cloud phase transitions, observations of key aerosol parameters such as profiles of cloud condensation nucleus and ice nucleus concentration are desirable. C1 [Kalesse, Heike] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [de Boer, Gijs; Solomon, Amy; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Solomon, Amy; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Oue, Mariko] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ahlgrimm, Maike] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Zhang, Damao] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Luke, Edward] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Protat, Alain] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Kalesse, H (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. EM kalesse@tropos.de RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU DFG project COMPoSE [GZ: KA 4162/1-1]; U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0008794, DE-SC0013306]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ARC 1203902]; DOE-ASR [DE-SC0011918, DE-SC0005259, DE-SC00112704, DE-SC0013953, DE-SC0006974, DE-SC0014239] FX Thanks to Janek Zimmer for help in analyzing the synoptic situation and to Kara Sulia as well as Stefan Kneifel for fruitful discussions in the early phase of this case study analysis. All remote-sensing data is from the ARM data archive. Soundings at 0000 and 1200 UTC are from the National Weather Service in Barrow, the remaining ones are from the ARM data archive. Aerosol measurements are provided and supported by the NOAA/Global Monitoring Division (GMD). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and the READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. The High Spectral Resolution Lidar data in Fig. 1 were obtained from the University of Wisconsin Lidar Group homepage (http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu/index.htm). H. Kalesse conducted this study within the framework of the DFG project COMPoSE, GZ: KA 4162/1-1. G. de Boer contributed to this research under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program (Projects: DE-SC0008794 and DE-SC0013306) as well as the U.S. National Science Foundation (ARC 1203902). M. Shupe was supported by DOE-ASR Grant DE-SC0011918. M. Ahlgrimm's contribution to this work was supported by DOE-ASR Grant DE-SC0005259. Furthermore, this research was also supported in part under DOE ASR Grant DE-SC00112704 (E. Luke), DE-SC0013953 (M. Oue), DE-SC0006974 (D Zhang), and DE-SC0014239 (D. Zhang). NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 144 IS 12 BP 4805 EP 4826 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0155.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF9YK UT WOS:000390687200016 ER PT J AU Adams-Selin, RD Ziegler, CL AF Adams-Selin, Rebecca D. Ziegler, Conrad L. TI Forecasting Hail Using a One-Dimensional Hail Growth Model within WRF SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OBJECT-BASED VERIFICATION; BULK MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; PART I; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; GYRATING HAILSTONES; UNITED-STATES; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; LIQUID WATER; AIR-FLOW AB The HAILCAST hail growth model has been integrated into the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model to predict hail size at the ground. Significant updates to the physics of the hail growth model are added, including variable hail density for both wet and dry growth regimes, an updraft multiplier that parameterizes advection of the hail embryo across an updraft, temperature-dependent ice collection efficiency, mass growth by vapor deposition or condensation, and an improved liquid water shedding threshold. Sample hail trajectories from three different updrafts are presented showing the effects of these physical updates. The updraft multiplier in particular improves the representation of the hail growth by not requiring a hail embryo to be locked in the center of an updraft until it grows large enough to fall. Five weeks of hail diameter forecasts are verified using a maximum expected size of hail (MESH) product. At points where WRF successfully forecasts convection, the forecasted hail size is within 0.5 in. 66% of the time. C1 [Adams-Selin, Rebecca D.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Ziegler, Conrad L.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Adams-Selin, RD (reprint author), 557th Weather Wing,16th Weather Squadron, Offutt Afb, NE 68113 USA. EM rselin@aer.com FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX This work was performed as part of the Systems Engineering Management and Sustainment contract with the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, and the Cooperative Research Data Agreement between the 557th Weather Wing and Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Computing resources were provided by the Navy Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center (Navy DSRC), which is sponsored by the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The authors thank Ryan Jewell for his copy of the HAILCAST code, and David Gagne and Chris Melick for discussions about hail verification. The authors also gratefully acknowledge formal reviewer Julian Brimelow, two additional formal reviewers, and Adam Clark for their insightful reviews of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 144 IS 12 BP 4919 EP 4939 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0027.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF9YK UT WOS:000390687200021 ER PT J AU Li, SK Xin, C Liu, XR Feng, YC Liu, YD Zheng, JX Liu, FS Huang, QZ Qiu, YM He, JQ Luo, J Pan, F AF Li, Shuankui Xin, Chao Liu, Xuerui Feng, Yancong Liu, Yidong Zheng, Jiaxin Liu, Fusheng Huang, Qingzhen Qiu, Yiming He, Jiaqing Luo, Jun Pan, Feng TI 2D hetero-nanosheets to enable ultralow thermal conductivity by all scale phonon scattering for highly thermoelectric performance SO NANO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectric materials; Bi2Te3; Nanostructure; Heterogeneous; Phonon scattering ID N-TYPE BI2TE3; NANOSTRUCTURED BI2TE3; NANOCOMPOSITES; ENHANCEMENT; FIGURE; MERIT; HETEROSTRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; COMPOSITES AB It remains a great challenge to design thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit ZT because of the strongly correlated material parameters such as the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient, which restricts the maximum ZT values to similar to 1 in bulk thermoelectric materials. Here, we demonstrate a strategy based on nanostructuring and alloying to synthesize the two-dimensional (2D) Bi2Te2.7S0.3/Bi2Te3 hetero-nanosheet with atomically thin heterojunction interfaces to optimize the electron and phonon transport behavior. A full-spectrum phonons scattering has been achieved to enable ultralow thermal conductivity by the atomic-scale alloy and defect to target high frequency phonons, heterojunction interface to target mid-frequency phonons, and nanoscale grains boundary to target low-frequency phonons. With this technique, the lattice thermal conductivity (K-latt) is dramatically reduced to 0.2-0.3 W m(-1) K-1 near the lower limit of the randomly oriented K-latt (0.18 W m(-1) K-1), but the electrical transport properties is well maintained. Taking advantage of the maximumly reduced thermal conductivity as well as the maintained power factors, the maximum ZT reaches 1.17 and 0.9 at 450 K and around room temperature, respectively, approximately three times higher than their counterparts without atomically thin heterostructure. C1 [Li, Shuankui; Xin, Chao; Liu, Xuerui; Feng, Yancong; Liu, Yidong; Zheng, Jiaxin; Luo, Jun; Pan, Feng] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Adv Mat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Liu, Fusheng] Shenzhen Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. [Liu, Fusheng] Shenzhen Key Lab Special Funct Mat, Shenzhen 518060, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen; Qiu, Yiming] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [He, Jiaqing] South Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. RP Pan, F (reprint author), Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Adv Mat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. EM luojun@pkusz.edu.cn; panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn FU Guangdong Innovation Team Project [2013N080]; Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant [ZDSY20130331145131323, CXZZ20120829172325895, JCYJ20120614150338154, JCYJ20150827155136104] FX The research was financially supported by Guangdong Innovation Team Project (No. 2013N080), Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant (Nos. ZDSY20130331145131323, CXZZ20120829172325895, JCYJ20120614150338154, JCYJ20150827155136104). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-2855 EI 2211-3282 J9 NANO ENERGY JI Nano Energy PD DEC PY 2016 VL 30 BP 780 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.09.018 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EF9FM UT WOS:000390636100089 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Cooper, OR Gaudel, A Thompson, AM Nedelec, P Ogino, SY West, JJ AF Zhang, Yuqiang Cooper, Owen R. Gaudel, Audrey Thompson, Anne M. Nedelec, Philippe Ogino, Shin-Ya West, J. Jason TI Tropospheric ozone change from 1980 to 2010 dominated by equatorward redistribution of emissions SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TERM CHANGES; CLIMATOLOGY; AEROSOLS; NOX; CO; INCREASES AB Ozone is an important air pollutant at the surface(1), and the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the troposphere(2). Since 1980, anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors-methane, non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides (NOx)have shifted from developed to developing regions. Emissions have thereby been redistributed equatorwards(3-6), where they are expected to have a stronger effect on the tropospheric ozone burden due to greater convection, reaction rates and NOx sensitivity(7-11). Here we use a global chemical transport model to simulate changes in tropospheric ozone concentrations from 1980 to 2010, and to separate the influences of changes in the spatial distribution of global anthropogenic emissions of short-lived pollutants, the magnitude of these emissions, and the global atmospheric methane concentration. We estimate that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane. Emission increases in Southeast, East and South Asia may be most important for the ozone change, supported by an analysis of statistically significant increases in observed ozone above these regions. The spatial distribution of emissions dominates global tropospheric ozone, suggesting that the future ozone burden will be determined mainly by emissions from low latitudes. C1 [Zhang, Yuqiang; West, J. Jason] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Environm Sci & Engn Dept, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Gaudel, Audrey] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, Owen R.; Gaudel, Audrey] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nedelec, Philippe] Univ Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, CNRS, Lab Aerol, FR-31062 Toulouse, France. [Ogino, Shin-Ya] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Zhang, Yuqiang] Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Environm Sci & Engn Dept, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 R21 ES022600-01]; Environmental Protection Agency STAR [834285, RD83587801]; NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs FX Y.Z. and J.J.W. were funded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant no. 1 R21 ES022600-01 and Environmental Protection Agency STAR grants no. 834285 and RD83587801, and O.R.C. and A.G. were funded by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs. The contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA or other funding sources. We thank the NCAR AMWG for developing and maintaining the diagnostic package for the model evaluation. We acknowledge the free use of O3 observation data from NOAA GMD for the remote sites of Barrow, Mauna Loa, Samoa and South Pole; Global Atmosphere Watch World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases for Hohenpeissenberg, J. Schwab from University at Albany-SUNY for Whiteface Mountain, and P. Young of Lancaster University for processed ozonesonde climatology of ref. 25. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 9 IS 12 BP 875 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2827 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA EF6ZA UT WOS:000390478700011 ER PT J AU Leuliette, EW Nerem, RS AF Leuliette, Eric W. Nerem, R. Steven TI Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to Global and Regional Sea Level Change SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; CIRCULATION; SYSTEM; BUDGET; RISE AB While it is well known that the accelerating melting of the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica will increasingly raise global mean sea levels, it is less widely understood how the addition of meltwater from these ice sheets will affect regional patterns of sea level rise. The transfer of water mass from the ice sheets to the ocean will alter Earth's gravity field and rotation, resulting in local changes in sea levels. On time scales from months to decades, the addition of freshwater at high latitudes will alter the mean ocean circulation through a variety of mechanisms that will also alter regional rates of sea level change. The current ocean observing system, including radar and laser altimeters, satellite gravity missions, and the Argo network of profiling floats, has demonstrated the ability to close the sea level budget since 2005, confirming the contributions of ice sheets to contemporary sea level rise. The planned observing system will be capable of monitoring the regional variability of sea level change, which should help improve future projections. C1 [Leuliette, Eric W.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Nerem, R. Steven] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nerem, R. Steven] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Leuliette, EW (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM eric.leuliette@noaa.gov RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039 FU NASA [NNX14AJ98G] FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. RSN was supported by NASA Grant NNX14AJ98G (NASA Sea Level Change Team). NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 4 SI SI BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2016.107 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA EF8EB UT WOS:000390560400017 ER PT J AU Li, J Medina, EA Stalick, JK Sleight, AW Subramanian, MA AF Li, Jun Medina, Elena A. Stalick, Judith K. Sleight, Arthur W. Subramanian, M. A. TI Colored oxides with hibonite structure: A potential route to non-cobalt blue pigments SO PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Hibonite; Nickel; Oxides; Blue pigments; Neutron diffraction; Optical properties ID ALUMINATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MAGNETOPLUMBITE-TYPE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; METEORITIC HIBONITES; SYNTHETIC HIBONITE; CERAMIC PIGMENTS; OXIDATION-STATE; X-RAY; INCLUSIONS; SPINEL AB The crystal structure of hibonite with an ideal formula CaAl12O19 is hexagonal P6(3)/mmc, isostructural with magnetoplumbite. Natural and synthetic hibonites have been widely studied for their formation, compositions, crystal structures, properties and applications. Recent increasing interest in its coloration has led to the search of inorganic pigments based on the hibonite structure. We present here the syntheses and characterization of hibonite compounds with a general formula of AAl(12-x)M(x)O(19) (A = Ca, Sr, RE (rare earths) or any combination thereof; and M = Ni or Ni coupled with one of the following: Ti, Sn, Ge, Nb, Ta, Sb). Bright sky-blue to royal-blue colors are induced in these oxides prepared by conventional solid state reactions, as demonstrated in the solid solutions of CaAl12-2xNixTi5O19 (x = 0-1) and Ca1-xLaxAl12-xNixO19 (x = 0-1). The values of color coordinates L*a*b* range from 64.5, -5.3, -18.5 to 57, -11.33, -30.38. Structure refinements of neutron powder diffraction data reveal that Ni preferably occupies the tetrahedral site in the hibonite structure, and magnetic susceptibility analysis confirms that this Ni is Ni2+. Optical measurements further verify that the observed blue color is due to d-d transitions of tetrahedral Ni2+. The preference of Ni2+ for the tetrahedral site is unusual because Ni2+ prefers the octahedral site in the spinel NiAl2O4. We attribute this unexpected behavior to the unusually large Al-O distances for the tetrahedral site in the hibonite structure. These blue hibonites exhibit excellent thermal stability, superior acid/base durability and better near-infrared reflectance than that of the commercial cobalt blue pigment. Our results suggest a potential route to the development of inexpensive, enduring and cobalt-free blue pigments. Synthesis and characterization methods are briefly reviewed for hibonite type of oxides, especially those with blue colors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Jun; Medina, Elena A.; Sleight, Arthur W.; Subramanian, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lijun@science.oregonstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR - 1508527] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation (DMR - 1508527). We thank Dr. Andrew Smith of The Shepherd Color Company for running the initial tests on our pigment samples. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6786 J9 PROG SOLID STATE CH JI Prog. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 44 IS 4 BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2016.11.001 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA EG0LX UT WOS:000390725400001 ER PT J AU Bushnell, M Hanson, J Hagerman, G AF Bushnell, Mark Hanson, Jeff Hagerman, George TI Wave Measurement and Forecasting for Mid-Atlantic New Buoy, Online Data Portal Support Offshore Wind Development SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Bushnell, Mark] NOAA, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. [Hanson, Jeff] Johns Hopkins Univ, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Hagerman, George] Virginia Tech Adv Res Inst, Hampton, VA USA. RP Bushnell, M (reprint author), NOAA, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. FU Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy (DMME) FX This work is supported by the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy (DMME). We benefited from numerous helpful interactions with NWS Regional Forecasting Office Wakefield, Virginia, and in particular Meteorologist in Charge Jeff Orrock. CDIP is responsible for buoy data management services and has been an excellent partner. We appreciate the skilled buoy deployment and recovery assistance provided by personnel at Cape Henry Launch Service. We also are grateful for the skilled development of the Data Portal led by Bob Fratantonio and Kelly Knee at RPS, which hosts the Portal. ST NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 57 IS 12 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA EF7PD UT WOS:000390520600008 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, K AF Mahadevan, Kumar TI Bound by Destiny: US-Cuba Sanctuaries Partnership SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mahadevan, Kumar] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL USA. [Mahadevan, Kumar] Natl Marine Sanctuary Fdn, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mahadevan, Kumar] Florida Ocean Alliance, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 57 IS 12 BP 65 EP 65 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA EF7PD UT WOS:000390520600012 ER PT J AU Litzow, MA Hunsicker, ME AF Litzow, Michael A. Hunsicker, Mary E. TI Early warning signals, nonlinearity, and signs of hysteresis in real ecosystems SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE alternate states; early warning; hysteresis; leading indicator; nonlinearity; North Pacific; regime shift ID ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; CRITICAL SLOWING-DOWN; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; REGIME SHIFTS; CRITICAL TRANSITIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PHASE-SHIFTS; CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; POPULATION COLLAPSE AB Early warning signals (EWS) might dramatically improve our ability to manage nonlinear ecological change. However, the degree to which theoretical EWS predictions are supported in empirical systems remains unclear. The goal of this study is to make recommendations for identifying the types of ecological transitions that are expected to show EWS. We conducted a review and meta-analysis of published studies and comparative analysis of eight northeast Pacific Ocean time series to illustrate the importance of testing for nonlinearity in empirical EWS studies. We found that published studies demonstrating nonlinearity in ecosystem dynamics are more likely to support EWS predictions than studies with linear or undetermined dynamics. The northeast Pacific time series in our analysis were often too short for formal tests of nonlinearity, a common problem in empirical studies. To assess the evidence for nonlinear dynamics in these data, we tested for state-dependent driver-response relationships consistent with hysteresis, a central feature of nonlinear ecological models. This analysis supported the results of the literature meta-analysis. Four time series with driver-response relationships consistent with hysteresis generally supported theoretical EWS predictions, while four without evidence of hysteresis failed to support EWS predictions. Theoretical support for EWS is largely generated from nonlinear models, and we conclude that tests for either nonlinear dynamics or hysteresis are needed before employing EWS. C1 [Litzow, Michael A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Hunsicker, Mary E.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Litzow, MA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM litzow@faralloninstitute.org FU Pew Charitable Trusts FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. For helpful discussions and providing data, we thank Jennifer Fisher, Bob Lauth, Peter Lawson, Dan Nichol, Bill Peterson, and the Ocean Tipping Points Project Team, including Rod Fujita, Carrie Kappel, Kendra Karr, and Courtney Scarborough. MAL was supported by a grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR e01614 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1614 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF2EE UT WOS:000390136700014 ER PT J AU Pennings, SC Zengel, S Oehrig, J Alber, M Bishop, TD Deis, DR Devlin, D Hughes, AR Hutchens, JJ Kiehn, WM McFarlin, CR Montague, CL Powers, S Proffitt, CE Rutherford, N Stagg, CL Walters, K AF Pennings, Steven C. Zengel, Scott Oehrig, Jacob Alber, Merryl Bishop, T. Dale Deis, Donald R. Devlin, Donna Hughes, A. Randall Hutchens, John J., Jr. Kiehn, Whitney M. McFarlin, Caroline R. Montague, Clay L. Powers, Sean Proffitt, C. Edward Rutherford, Nicolle Stagg, Camille L. Walters, Keith TI Marine ecoregion and Deepwater Horizon oil spill affect recruitment and population structure of a salt marsh snail SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE biogeography; BP Deepwater Horizon; gastropod; Littoraria; marine invertebrate; oil spill; population structure; recruitment; salt marsh; Spartina ID GRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; LITTORINA-IRRORATA; LITTORARIA-IRRORATA; ORGANIC-MATTER; IMPACTS; SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; FISH; DECOMPOSITION AB Marine species with planktonic larvae often have high spatial and temporal variation in recruitment that leads to subsequent variation in the ecology of benthic adults. Using a combination of published and unpublished data, we compared the population structure of the salt marsh snail, Littoraria irrorata, between the South Atlantic Bight and the Gulf Coast of the United States to infer geographic differences in recruitment and to test the hypothesis that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill led to widespread recruitment failure of L. irrorata in Louisiana in 2010. Size-frequency distributions in both ecoregions were bimodal, with troughs in the distributions consistent with a transition from sub-adults to adults at similar to 13 mm in shell length as reported in the literature; however, adult snails reached larger sizes in the Gulf Coast. The ratio of sub-adults to adults was 1.5-2 times greater in the South Atlantic Bight than the Gulf Coast, consistent with higher recruitment rates in the South Atlantic Bight. Higher recruitment rates in the South Atlantic Bight could contribute to higher snail densities and reduced adult growth in this region. The ratio of sub-adults to adults in Louisiana was lower in 2011 than in previous years, and began to recover in 2012-2014, consistent with widespread recruitment failure in 2010, when large expanses of spilled oil were present in coastal waters. Our results reveal an important difference in the ecology of a key salt marsh invertebrate between the two ecoregions, and also suggest that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill may have caused widespread recruitment failure in this species and perhaps others with similar planktonic larval stages. C1 [Pennings, Steven C.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Zengel, Scott] RPI, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Oehrig, Jacob] NewFields, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. [Alber, Merryl; McFarlin, Caroline R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bishop, T. Dale] No Bones Coastal Biol Consultants LLC, 1114 Hyatt Ave, Murrells Inlet, SC 29576 USA. [Deis, Donald R.] Atkins, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Devlin, Donna; Proffitt, C. Edward] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol Sci, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Hughes, A. Randall] Northeastern Univ, Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Hutchens, John J., Jr.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, POB 261954, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Kiehn, Whitney M.] Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, FL 33761 USA. [Montague, Clay L.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Howard T Odum Ctr Wetlands, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Powers, Sean] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Rutherford, Nicolle] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stagg, Camille L.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Walters, Keith] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Marine Sci, POB 261954, Conway, SC 29528 USA. RP Pennings, SC (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM spennings@uh.edu OI Pennings, Steven/0000-0003-4757-7125 FU Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI); NSF [OCE99-82133, OCE06-20959, OCE12-37140]; EPA (STAR program) [R83221] FX This manuscript relies in part on data collected as part of investigations being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State natural resource agencies, and BP as part of the Deepwater Horizon NRDA. The opinions in the manuscript are those of the authors and not necessarily of all participants in the cooperative studies upon which the manuscript is based, but do represent the views of the U.S. Geological Survey. This research was made possible, in part, by grants from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI), NSF (OCE99-82133, OCE06-20959, OCE12-37140), and EPA (STAR program #R83221). GoMRI data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org (doi: 10.7266/N7FF3Q9S). We are grateful to David Knorr for assistance with data analysis, and Charles H. Peterson for comments on a draft. This manuscript is a contribution of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER program, and contribution number 1056 of the University of Georgia Marine Institute. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD DEC PY 2016 VL 7 IS 12 AR e01588 DI 10.1002/ecs2.1588 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF2EE UT WOS:000390136700018 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Burger, JL Schneider, N Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Burger, Jessica L. Schneider, Nico Bruno, Thomas J. TI Comprehensive Assessment of Composition and Thermochemical Variability by High Resolution GC/QToF-MS and the Advanced Distillation-Curve Method as a Basis of Comparison for Reference Fuel Development SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; RP-1; CUT AB Commercial and military aviation is faced with challenges that include high fuel costs, undesirable emissions, and supply chain insecurity that result from the reliance on petroleum-based feedstocks. The development of alternative gas turbine fuels from renewable resources will likely be part of addressing these issues. The United States has established a target for one billion gallons of renewable fuels to enter the supply chain by 2018. These alternative fuels will have to be very similar in properties, chemistry, and composition to existing fuels. To further this goal, the National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (a collaboration of multiple U.S. agencies under the auspices of the Federal Aviation Administration, FAA) is coordinating measurements on three reference gas turbine fuels to be used as a basis of comparison. These fuels are reference fuels with certain properties that are at the limits of experience. These fuels include a low viscosity, low flash point, high hydrogen content "best case" JP-8 (POSF 10264) fuel, a relatively high viscosity, high flash point, low hydrogen content "worst case" JP-5 (POSF 10259) fuel, and a Jet-A (POSF 10325) fuel with relatively average properties. A comprehensive speciation of these fuels is provided in this paper by use of high resolution gas chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/QToF-MS), which affords unprecedented resolution and exact molecular formula capabilities. The volatility information as derived from the measurement of the advanced distillation curve temperatures, Tk and Tk, provides an approximation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium, and examination of the composition channels provides detailed insight into thermochemical data. A comprehensive understanding of the compositional and thermophysical data of gas turbine fuels is required not only for comparison but also for modeling of such complex mixtures, which will, in turn, aid in the development of new fuels with the goals of diversified feedstocks, decreased pollution, and increased efficiency. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Burger, Jessica L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schneider, Nico] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Professional Research Experience Program (PREP); Germany's Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 98/3]; Ruhr University Research School PLUS FX JB acknowledges the support of the Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) for postdoctoral research. NS acknowledges Germany's Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 98/3] and the Ruhr University Research School PLUS. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD DEC PY 2016 VL 30 IS 12 BP 10029 EP 10044 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01837 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EF1GI UT WOS:000390072900003 ER PT J AU Urness, KN Gough, RV Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Urness, Kimberly N. Gough, Raina V. Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Polyol Ester Lubricants SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; PENTAERYTHRITOL ESTERS; FERROUS-METALS; MIXTURES; PHASE; AUTOXIDATION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; VISCOSITY; PRESSURE AB Synthetic lubricants are widely used for applications that require high thermal and oxidative stability. In order to facilitate new designs and applications for these fluids, we are measuring a suite of thermophysical and transport properties for lubricant base fluids and mixtures. As part of the property measurements, here, we report the global thermal decomposition kinetics of four polyol ester lubricant base oils, in addition to a fully qualified (MIL-PRF-23699) formulation. The fluids were heated in stainless steel ampule reactors and the extent of decomposition was measured by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), from which pseudo-first-order rate constants were derived. The rate constants for decomposition ranged from 1 X 10(-8) s(-1) at 500 K to 2 x 10(-8) s(-1) at 675 K. Arrhenius parameters across this temperature regime are also reported. Other techniques for chemical characterization applied in this work include gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Karl Fischer titration. C1 [Urness, Kimberly N.; Gough, Raina V.; Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gough, Raina V.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR); National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council; Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) FX The authors thank James McDonnell and Dawn Schmidt at the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) for funding this work and supplying the lubricant and base fluids, in addition to helpful discussions. K.N.U. gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. R.V.G. acknowledges support from the Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) for research performed at NIST in Boulder. This work is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to U.S. Copyright. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD DEC PY 2016 VL 30 IS 12 BP 10161 EP 10170 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01863 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EF1GI UT WOS:000390072900015 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. TI Compressed-Liquid Densities of Three "Reference" Turbine Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SOUND MEASUREMENTS; SPEED; EQUATION AB Compressed-liquid densities of three aviation fuels have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. These fuels were chosen through a deliberative, collaborative process to replace a previous "reference" fuel (Jet A 4658) and represent a larger range of operability than that individual fuel provided. Density measurements were made from 270 to 470 K, and 0.5 to 45 MPa and have an overall combined uncertainty of 0.81 kg.m(-3). The data from each of the three fuels have been correlated with a modified Tait equation, and the parameters are reported. The densities of the fuels reported herein are compared with previously reported densities of Jet A 4658 and correlations for JP-5 and JP-8. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM outcalt@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD DEC PY 2016 VL 30 IS 12 BP 10783 EP 10788 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01820 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA EF1GI UT WOS:000390072900084 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Wang, P Li, JY Mendola, P Sherman, S Ying, Q AF Zhang, Jie Wang, Peng Li, Jingyi Mendola, Pauline Sherman, Seth Ying, Qi TI Estimating population exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the United States - Part II: Source apportionment and cancer risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE Cancer risk assessment; United States; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Source apportionment; Benzo[alpha]pyrene ID SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC RATIOS; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; EMISSION SOURCES; PAHS; AIR; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; AEROSOLS AB A revised Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was developed to simulate the emission, reactions, transport, deposition and gas-to-particle partitioning processes of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as described in Part I of the two-part series. The updated CMAQ model was applied in this study to quantify the contributions of different emission sources to the predicted PAH concentrations and excess cancer risk in the United States (US) in 2011. The cancer risk in the continental US due to inhalation exposure of outdoor naphthalene (NAPH) and seven larger carcinogenic PAHs (cPAHs) was predicted to be significant. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) exceeds 1 x 10(-5) in many urban and industrial areas. Exposure to PAHs was estimated to result in 5704 (608-10,800) excess lifetime cancer cases. Point sources not related with energy generation and the oil and gas processes account for approximately 31% of the excess cancer cases, followed by non-road engines with 18.6% contributions. Contributions of residential wood combustion (16.2%) are similar to that of transportation- related sources (mostly motor vehicles with small contributions from railway and marine vessels; 13.4%). The oil and gas industry emissions, although large contributors to high concentrations of cPAHs regionally, are only responsible of 4.3% of the excess cancer cases, which is similar to the contributions of non-US sources (6.8%) and non-point sources (7.2%). The power generation units pose the most minimal impact on excess cancer risk, with contributions of approximately 2.3%. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jie; Wang, Peng; Li, Jingyi; Ying, Qi] Texas A&M Univ, Zachary Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Mendola, Pauline] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Intramural Populat Hlth Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Sherman, Seth] Emmes Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Li, Jingyi] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ying, Q (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachary Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM qying@civil.tamu.edu FU Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, through the Air Quality and Reproductive Health [HHSN275200800002I, HHSN27500008] FX The project was partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, through the Air Quality and Reproductive Health study supported through Contract No. HHSN275200800002I, Task Order No. HHSN27500008 awarded to The EMMES Corporation. The authors have no conflicts of interests to disclose. The authors want to acknowledge the Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility (http://sc.tamu.edu) and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/) for providing computing resources essential for completing the research reported in this paper. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 17 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 EI 1873-6750 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 97 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.024 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EE8YP UT WOS:000389912900019 PM 27613001 ER PT J AU Ward, DS Shevliakova, E Malyshev, S Lamarque, JF Wittenberg, AT AF Ward, D. S. Shevliakova, E. Malyshev, S. Lamarque, J-F Wittenberg, A. T. TI Variability of fire emissions on interannual to multi-decadal timescales in two Earth System models SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate variability; fire emissions; Earth system models ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BOREAL FOREST-FIRE; BURNED AREA; EL-NINO; CLIMATE SYSTEM; SOUTH-AMERICA; WOOD HARVEST AB Connections between wildfires and modes of variability in climate are sought as a means for predicting fire activity on interannual to multi-decadal timescales. Several fire drivers, such as temperature and local drought index, have been shown to vary on these timescales, and analysis of tree-ring data suggests covariance between fires and climate oscillation indices in some regions. However, the shortness of the satellite record of global fire events limits investigations on larger spatial scales. Here we explore the interplay between climate variability and wildfire emissions with the preindustrial long control numerical experiments and historical ensembles of CESM1 and theNOAA/GFDL ESM2Mb. Wefind that interannual variability in fires is underpredicted in both Earth System models (ESMs) compared to present day fire emission inventories. Modeled fire emissions respond to the El Nino/southern oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) with increases in southeast Asia and boreal North America emissions, and decreases in southern North America and Sahel emissions, during the ENSO warm phase in both ESMs, and thePDOwarm phase in CESM1. Additionally, CESM1 produces decreases in boreal northern hemisphere fire emissions for the warm phase of the Atlantic Meridional Oscillation. Through analysis of the long control simulations, we show that the 20th century trends in both ESMs are statistically significant, meaning that the signal of anthropogenic activity on fire emissions over this time period is detectable above the annual to decadal timescale noise. However, the trends simulated by the two ESMs are of opposite sign (CESM1 decreasing, ESM2Mb increasing), highlighting the need for improved understanding, proxy observations, and modeling to resolve this discrepancy. C1 [Ward, D. S.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shevliakova, E.; Malyshev, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lamarque, J-F] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wittenberg, A. T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Ward, DS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dsward@princeton.edu RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; NCAR; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce [NA14OAR4320106] FX We would like to acknowledge assistance from Jennifer Marlon for providing data from the GCD. Computing resources (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Science Foundation sponsors NCAR. This report was prepared by D Ward under award NA14OAR4320106 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, or the US Department of Commerce. NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 11 IS 12 AR 125008 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/125008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF5IQ UT WOS:000390364300001 ER PT J AU Zou, X Zhuge, X Weng, F AF Zou, X. Zhuge, X. Weng, F. TI Characterization of Bias of Advanced Himawari Imager Infrared Observations from NWP Background Simulations Using CRTM and RTTOV SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS; GOES-R; ASSIMILATION; SURFACE; EMISSIVITY; FORECASTS; IMPACT AB Starting in 2014, the new generation of Japanese geostationary meteorological satellites carries an Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) to provide the observations of visible, near infrared, and infrared with much improved spatial and temporal resolutions. For applications of the AHI measurements in numerical weather prediction (NWP) data assimilation systems, the biases of the AHI brightness temperatures at channels 7-16 from the model simulations are first characterized and evaluated using both the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) and the Radiative Transfer for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV). It is found that AHI biases under a clear-sky atmosphere are independent of satellite zenith angle except for channel 7. The biases of three water vapor channels increase with scene brightness temperatures and are nearly constant except at high brightness temperatures for the remaining infrared channels. The AHI biases at all the infrared channels are less than 0.6 and 1.2 K over ocean and land, respectively. The differences in biases between RTTOV and CRTM with the land surface emissivity model used in RTTOV are small except for the upper-tropospheric water vapor channels 8 and 9 and the low-tropospheric carbon dioxide channel 16. Since the inputs used for simulations are the same for CRTM and RTTOV, the differential biases at the water vapor channels may be associated with subtle differences in forward models. C1 [Zou, X.; Zhuge, X.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Off 4078, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhuge, X.] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhuge, X.] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Weng, F.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zou, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Off 4078, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xzou1@umd.edu FU GOES-R Risk Reduction Program [NA11OAR4320199]; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program [NA15NWS4680002]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41505086] FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and for the constructive suggestions that significantly improved the manuscript. This research work has been partially supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction Program (Project NA11OAR4320199), the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (Project NA15NWS4680002), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41505086). The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2553 EP 2567 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0105.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EF6IB UT WOS:000390433300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HH Delworth, TL Zeng, FR Vecchi, G Paffendorf, K Jia, LW AF Zhang, Honghai Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong Vecchi, Gabriel Paffendorf, Karen Jia, Liwei TI Detection, Attribution, and Projection of Regional Rainfall Changes on (Multi-) Decadal Time Scales: A Focus on Southeastern South America SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; OZONE DEPLETION; NORTH-AMERICA; STORM TRACKS; PART I; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB Observed austral summertime (November through April) rainfall in southeastern South America (SESA)including northern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil, and Paraguay-has exhibited substantial low-frequency variations with a multidecadal moistening trend during the twentieth century and a subsequent decadal drying trend during the current century. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for these variations is essential for predicting long-term rainfall changes. Here with a suite of attribution experiments using a pair of high-resolution global climate models, GFDL CM2.5 and FLOR-FA, the authors investigate the causes of these regional rainfall variations. Both models reproduce the twentieth-century moistening trend, albeit with a weaker magnitude than observed, in response to the radiative forcing associated with increasing greenhouse gases. The increasing greenhouse gases drive tropical expansion; consequently, the subtropical dry branch of Hadley cell moves away from SESA, leading to the rainfall increase. The amplitude discrepancy between the observed and simulated rainfall changes suggests a possible underestimation by the models of the atmospheric response to the radiative forcing, as well as an important role for low-frequency internal variability in the observed moistening trend. Over the current century, increasing greenhouse gases drive a continuous SESA rainfall increase in the models. However, the observed decadal rainfall decline is largely (similar to 60%) reproduced in response to the observed Pacific trade wind strengthening, which is likely associated with natural Pacific decadal variability. These results suggest that the recent summertime rainfall decline in SESA is temporary and that the positive trend will resume in response to both increasing greenhouse gases and a return of Pacific trade winds to normal conditions. C1 [Zhang, Honghai; Jia, Liwei] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, Honghai; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong; Vecchi, Gabriel; Paffendorf, Karen; Jia, Liwei] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, HH (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM honghai.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX H. Zhang is supported by funds from NOAA's Climate Program Office in support of decadal climate variability and predictability research. The authors thank Karin van der Wiel, Nathaniel Johnson, and Kirsten Findell for their insightful comments on the work during the internal review process at GFDL. The authors would also like to extend their special gratitude to Richard Seager for his timely and insightful comments and suggestions on the manuscript during the formal review process. Efforts from an anonymous reviewer are also appreciated. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 23 BP 8515 EP 8534 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0287.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2LK UT WOS:000388676000013 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, Bob TI Comment on "Bias Correction, Quantile Mapping, and Downscaling: Revisiting the Inflation Issue" SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Letter ID OBJECTIVE PREDICTION; CLOUD AMOUNT; STATISTICS C1 [Glahn, Bob] Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol Integrat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM harry.glahn@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 29 IS 23 BP 8665 EP 8667 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0362.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED2LK UT WOS:000388676000021 ER PT J AU Waples, RS AF Waples, R. S. TI Tiny estimates of the N-e/N ratio in marine fishes: Are they real? SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium on Fish, Genes and Genomes - Contributions to Ecology, Evolution and Management CY JUL 19-22, 2016 CL Bangor, ENGLAND DE age structure; effective population size; fecundity; overlapping generations; sweepstakes reproductive success ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CHAOTIC GENETIC PATCHINESS; AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; ADULT CENSUS SIZE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; ALLELE FREQUENCY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; OSTREA-EDULIS; SINGLE-SAMPLE AB Theory and empirical estimates agree that the ratio of effective size (N-e) to census size (N) falls roughly in the range 0.1-0.5 for most populations. In a number of marine species, however, genetic estimates of contemporary N-e/N are as much as 5-6 orders of magnitude lower. Although some mechanisms that could produce such tiny N-e/N ratios have been proposed, the subject remains controversial. This issue is important to resolve: if N-e/N can be 10(-3) or smaller, marine fish populations that are quite large could be at genetic risk. Based on a recently-improved understanding of factors that influence N-e and N-e/N in species with overlapping generations, this paper evaluates conditions necessary to produce tiny N-e/N ratios in actual populations. These analyses show that although increased longevity, fecundity and variance in reproductive success that increase with age, and increased egg quality with age [the big old fat fecund female fish (BOFFFF) hypothesis] all reduce N-e/N, extreme scenarios are required to reduce N-e/N below about 0.01. Therefore, tiny N-e/N ratios require some version of Hedgecock's 'sweepstakes' hypothesis, whereby only a few families reproduce successfully. Simulations using common genetically-based estimators show that, when true N-e is very large (>= 10(6)), a substantial fraction of point estimates of N-e/N can be 10(-3) or smaller. These results mean that tiny, genetically-based point estimates of N-e/N in large marine populations are expected to be quite common, even when the true N-e/N ratio is 'normal' (similar to 0.1 or higher). Very large samples of individuals can reduce, but not eliminate, this problem. The simulation results also emphasize the importance of considering deviations from model assumptions (e.g. non-random sampling; weak selection or migration) that may be relatively small (and hence can generally be ignored when the signal is strong) but can lead to substantial biases when the drift signal is weak, as is likely for large marine populations. Empirical studies of this topic need to be able to distinguish between episodes of sweepstakes reproductive success that are ephemeral and lead to chaotic genetic patchiness, and those that are consistent enough across space and time to produce persistent evolutionary consequences. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Waples, R. S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 89 IS 6 SI SI BP 2479 EP 2504 DI 10.1111/jfb.13143 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF4ZG UT WOS:000390339900002 PM 27714807 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE AF Pearse, D. E. TI Saving the spandrels? Adaptive genomic variation in conservation and fisheries management SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium on Fish, Genes and Genomes - Contributions to Ecology, Evolution and Management CY JUL 19-22, 2016 CL Bangor, ENGLAND DE adaptation; evolution; genome; salmonid ID CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; GENETIC-VARIATION; WIDE ASSOCIATION; STEELHEAD/RAINBOW TROUT; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; BREAST-CANCER AB As highlighted by many of the papers in this issue, research on the genomic basis of adaptive phenotypic variation in natural populations has made spectacular progress in the past few years, largely due to the advances in sequencing technology and analysis. Without question, the resulting genomic data will improve the understanding of regions of the genome under selection and extend knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. What is far less clear, but has been the focus of active discussion, is how such information can or should transfer into conservation practice to complement more typical conservation applications of genetic data. Before such applications can be realized, the evolutionary importance of specific targets of selection relative to the genome-wide diversity of the species as a whole must be evaluated. The key issues for the incorporation of adaptive genomic variation in conservation and management are discussed here, using published examples of adaptive genomic variation associated with specific phenotypes in salmonids and other taxa to highlight practical considerations for incorporating such information into conservation programmes. Scenarios are described in which adaptive genomic data could be used in conservation or restoration, constraints on its utility and the importance of validating inferences drawn from new genomic data before applying them in conservation practice. Finally, it is argued that an excessive focus on preserving the adaptive variation that can be measured, while ignoring the vast unknown majority that cannot, is a modern twist on the adaptationist programme that Gould and Lewontin critiqued almost 40 years ago. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pearse, D. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov NR 121 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 89 IS 6 SI SI BP 2697 EP 2716 DI 10.1111/jfb.13168 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EF4ZG UT WOS:000390339900013 PM 27723095 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Newell, DB Taylor, BN AF Mohr, Peter J. Newell, David B. Taylor, Barry N. TI CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; ELECTRON G-FACTOR; OSCILLATORY FIELD MEASUREMENT; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT; FALL ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETERS; PROTON RADIUS PUZZLE; NRC WATT BALANCE; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; PLANCK CONSTANT AB This paper gives the 2014 self-consistent set of values of the constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA). These values are based on a least-squares adjustment that takes into account all data available up to 31 December 2014. Details of the data selection and methodology of the adjustment are described. The recommended values may also be found at http://physics.nist.gov/constants. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC for the National Institute of Standards and Technology. C1 [Mohr, Peter J.; Newell, David B.; Taylor, Barry N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; dnewell@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov FU CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants FX This report was prepared by the authors under the auspices of the CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants. The members of the task group are F. Cabiati, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy; J. Fischer, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany; J. Flowers (deceased), National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom; K. Fujii, National Metrology Institute of Japan, Japan; S. G. Karshenboim, Pulkovo Observatory, Russian Federation and Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Germany; E. deMirandes, Bureau international des poids et mesures; P. J. Mohr, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; D. B. Newell, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; F. Nez, Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, France; K. Pachucki, University of Warsaw, Poland; T. J. Quinn, Bureau international des poids et mesures; C. Thomas, Bureau international des poids et mesures; B. N. Taylor, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America; B. M. Wood, National Research Council, Canada; and Z. Zhang, National Institute of Metrology, People's Republic of China. NR 265 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 EI 1529-7845 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2016 VL 45 IS 4 AR 043102 DI 10.1063/1.4954402 PG 74 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA EF6RB UT WOS:000390457200002 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Griffis, R Link, J Abrams, K Baker, J Brainard, RE Ford, M Hare, JA Himes-Cornell, A Hollowed, A Mantua, NJ McClatchie, S McClure, M Nelson, MW Osgood, K Peterson, JO Rust, M Saba, V Sigler, MF Sykora-Bodie, S Toole, C Thunberg, E Waples, RS Merrick, R AF Busch, D. Shallin Griffis, Roger Link, Jason Abrams, Karen Baker, Jason Brainard, Russell E. Ford, Michael Hare, Jonathan A. Himes-Cornell, Amber Hollowed, Anne Mantua, Nathan J. McClatchie, Sam McClure, Michelle Nelson, Mark W. Osgood, Kenric Peterson, Jay O. Rust, Michael Saba, Vincent Sigler, Michael F. Sykora-Bodie, Seth Toole, Christopher Thunberg, Eric Waples, Robin S. Merrick, Richard TI Climate science strategy of the US National Marine Fisheries Service SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Climate policy; Ecosystem-based management; Fisheries management; Living marine resources; Marine conservation ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHANGE IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; RESPONSES; RECRUITMENT; INDICATORS; THRESHOLDS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Changes to our climate and oceans are already affecting living marine resources (LMRs) and the people, businesses, and economies that depend on them. As a result, the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has developed a Climate Science Strategy (CSS) to increase the production and use of the climate related information necessary to fulfill its LMR stewardship mission for fisheries management and protected species conservation. The CSS establishes seven objectives: (1) determine appropriate, climate-informed reference points; (2) identify robust strategies for managing LMRs under changing climate conditions; (3) design decision, processes that are robust to climate-change scenarios; (4) predict future states of ecosystems, LMRs, and LMR-dependent human communities; (5) determine the mechanisms of climate-change related effects on ecosystems, LMRs, and LMR-dependent human communities; (6) track trends in ecosystems, LMRs, and LMR-dependent human communities and provide early warning of change; and (7) build and, maintain the science infrastructure required to fulfill NMFS mandates under changing climate conditions. These objectives provide a nationally consistent approach to addressing climate-LMR science needs that supports informed decision-making and effective implementation of the NMFS legislative mandates in each region. Near term actions that will address all objectives include: (1) conducting climate vulnerability analyses in each region for all LMRs; (2) establishing and strengthening ecosystem indicators and status reports in all regions; and (3) developing a capacity to conduct management strategy evaluations of climate-related impacts on management targets, priorities, and goals. Implementation of the Strategy over the next few years and beyond is critical for effective fulfillment of the NMFS mission and mandates in a changing climate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Busch, D. Shallin; Griffis, Roger; Ford, Michael; Osgood, Kenric; Peterson, Jay O.] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Link, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Abrams, Karen; Nelson, Mark W.] NOAA, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Baker, Jason; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber; Hollowed, Anne] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McClatchie, Sam] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [McClure, Michelle; Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rust, Michael] NOAA, Off Aquaculture, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Saba, Vincent] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd,Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Sykora-Bodie, Seth] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Toole, Christopher] NOAA, West Coast Reg, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1201 Northeast Lloyd Blvd, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Thunberg, Eric] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Merrick, Richard] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Brest, European Inst Marine Sci IUEM, UMR6308, AMURE, Rue Dumont DUrville, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Sykora-Bodie, Seth] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.; Busch, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM Shallin.Busch@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 74 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.09.001 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EF7EY UT WOS:000390494100007 ER PT J AU Gorospe, KD Michaels, W Pomeroy, R Elvidge, C Lynch, P Wongbusarakum, S Brainard, RE AF Gorospe, Kelvin D. Michaels, William Pomeroy, Robert Elvidge, Christopher Lynch, Patrick Wongbusarakum, Supin Brainard, Russell E. TI The mobilization of science and technology fisheries innovations towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the Coral Triangle and Southeast Asia SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article ID DATA-COLLECTION; PROGRESS; LOGBOOK; CHALLENGES; PROGRAMS; SYSTEMS; FISH; COD AB Several regional fisheries and marine conservation organizations in the Coral Triangle (CT) and Southeast Asia have indicated their support for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). It is also likely that science and technology (S&T) innovations will play a role in the region for the purposes of filling gaps in fisheries data, enhancing the coordination of fisheries management efforts, and implementing and operationalizing an EAFM. Here, we outline the methodology and results of an expert opinion survey designed to elucidate and prioritize the implementation of these S&T innovations. As a first step and case study, the survey presented here was conducted on U.S. government experts. The US. market is one of the world's largest importers of seafood, and therefore, in the framework of this study, is considered to be a stakeholder in the seafood supply chain that originates in the CT and Southeast Asia region. Results are discussed in terms of the data needs and principles of an EAFM, as well as current trends and contexts of the CT and Southeast Asia region. Next steps and recommendations are also provided on how S&T innovations can be implemented to enhance the cooperation and coordination of regional marine resource management efforts. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gorospe, Kelvin D.; Wongbusarakum, Supin; Brainard, Russell E.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Gorospe, Kelvin D.; Wongbusarakum, Supin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Michaels, William; Lynch, Patrick] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pomeroy, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gorospe, KD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. FU USAID/NOAA [AID-486-T-13-00001] FX This article is based on results from a survey developed for the United States Agency for International Development - Regional Development Mission for Asia (USAID-RDMA). We thanks all members of the S&T working group who helped develop the survey, as well as all of our colleagues who took part in the survey. Funding was provided by USAID/NOAA (# AID-486-T-13-00001). We thank Keith Chanon and Patricia Bickley for their leadership in coordinating our activities with the NOAA International Affairs Council and the Department of Interior's International Technical Assistance Program, respectively. We also thank Amanda Dillon for designing Fig. 1, as well as, the editors and reviewers of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and the Journal of Marine Policy for providing comments to the manuscript. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 74 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2916.09.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EF7EY UT WOS:000390494100018 ER PT J AU Calhoun, S Conway, F Russell, S AF Calhoun, Sarah Conway, Flaxen Russell, Suzanne TI Acknowledging the voice of women: implications for fisheries management and policy SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fishermen; Wives; Resilience; Social networks; Fisheries management; Local knowledge ID FISHING COMMUNITIES; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SOCIAL RESILIENCE; VULNERABILITY; PARTICIPATION; ADAPTATION; DEPENDENCY; INDICATORS; INDUSTRY AB Commercial fishing research often focuses on ecological (gear, stock-assessment, traceability) or economic factors or indicators. Truly understanding the social-ecological system requires considering the social, cultural, historical, and legal/policy aspects as well. Although regulatory bodies now include human dimensions in their management plans, there are still challenges to integrating social science into the decision-making process. There is a national and international understanding that if resource managers are to understand and develop strategies for coastal resilience, a holistic approach is needed that includes an understanding of the intersection between the dynamics of fisheries management and women's participation within fishing. The objective of this study was to collect oral history data related to past and current strategies for addressing fishing family and community resilience over time. Literature has documented ways in which limited access and catch share programs affect fishing community resilience and sustainability, but have few data that look at how these management systems may be affecting women's roles and participation within the industry. The results from this research adds to the literature on women's roles in the US and provide needed attention to their contribution to the wellbeing, resilience, and adaptive capacity of Oregon's evolving commercial fishing industry. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Calhoun, Sarah; Conway, Flaxen] OSU Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Marine Resource Management Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Russell, Suzanne] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Calhoun, S (reprint author), OSU Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Marine Resource Management Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM scalhoun138@gmail.com FU Oregon Sea Grant; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) FX Oregon Sea Grant and NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) supported this research. Data collected for this project have been contributed to the larger Voices from the West Coast' oral history project and will be made publically available on NOAA's Voices from the Fisheries oral history database. Many thanks to Newport Fishermen's Wives (NFW) for their collaboration and continued involvement in collecting oral histories from their communities to add to the collective effort. Thank you to the men and women who have participated in this study and shared their stories with the world; this work would not be possible without their candor, contribution and support. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 74 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.04.033 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EF7EY UT WOS:000390494100035 ER PT J AU Colburn, LL Jepson, M Weng, CH Seara, T Weiss, J Hare, JA AF Colburn, Lisa L. Jepson, Michael Weng, Changhua Seara, Tarsila Weiss, Jeremy Hare, Jonathan A. TI Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the United States SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Fishing communities; Social vulnerability; Climate change; Indicators ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; FISHERIES; ADAPTATION; IMPACTS; MEXICO AB Changing climatic conditions are affecting the relationship between fishing communities and the marine resources they depend on. This shift will require an adaptive response on the part of policy makers and fishery managers. In the U.S., the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established, in its fisheries agency (NOAA Fisheries), a set of social indicators of fishing community vulnerability and resilience to evaluate the impacts of changes in fishery management regimes. These indicators enhance the analytical capabilities within NOAA Fisheries for conducting fisheries social impact assessments and informing ecosystem-based fishery management. Building on the existing Community Social Vulnerability Indicators (CSVIs), new measures of climate change vulnerability are defined for the U.S. Eastern and Gulf coasts. These new indicators are used to assess the impact of sea level rise on critical commercial fishing infrastructure and the dependence of communities on species identified as vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Examples are provided in this article to demonstrate the utility of these new indicators to policy makers and the NOAA strategic goal for building resilient coastal communities that are environmentally and economically sustainable. Integration of CSVIs and the new climate change vulnerability indices highlight community needs for unique solutions in order to adapt to environmental and social changes and maintain their well-being. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Colburn, Lisa L.; Weng, Changhua; Seara, Tarsila] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Jepson, Michael] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, Social Sci Branch, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Seara, Tarsila] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Weiss, Jeremy] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 1064 East Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Oceanog Branch, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Colburn, LL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM lisa.l.colburn@noaa.gov; michael.jepson@noaa.gov; changhua.weng@noaa.gov; tseara@newhaven.edu; jlweiss@email.arizona.edu; jon.hare@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries FX The research upon which this paper is based was funded by NOAA Fisheries. Opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this paper are solely those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of NOAA Fisheries. We wish to thank Rita Curtis, Patricia M. Clay, Steve Jacob and Daniel Leite for their support of this project. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 74 BP 323 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.04.030 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EF7EY UT WOS:000390494100039 ER PT J AU Clay, PM Colburn, LL Seara, T AF Clay, Patricia M. Colburn, Lisa L. Seara, Tarsila TI Social bonds and recovery: An analysis of Hurricane Sandy in the first year after landfall SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; Social bonds; Bonding social capital; Fishing communities ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERMEN; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MAINE LOBSTERMEN; NEW-ENGLAND; COMMUNITY; POLICY; COOPERATIVES; VULNERABILITY; MISSISSIPPI; RESILIENCE AB Hurricane Sandy was one of the most devastating, hurricanes to hit US shores. The brunt of the impact was felt in New York and New Jersey, especially among coastal towns such as fishing communities. A survey of these two states assessed social and economic impacts to 958 commercial and recreational fishermen and fishing-related business owners 12 months post-storm. Many businesses and communities were still struggling, due to heavy infrastructure damages and revenue losses with low insurance coverage, but also to disrupted fishing patterns for some species. Social bonds were credited by many as a key aid to recovery. Social bonds (sometimes called bonding social capital) have been shown to be critical for evacuation and recovery in other disasters. However, few studies examine social bonds and disasters within the context of fisheries. This paper expands upon that topic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clay, Patricia M.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, F-ST5,Sta 12424,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Colburn, Lisa L.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Seara, Tarsila] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, 300 Boston Post Rd, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Clay, PM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, F-ST5,Sta 12424,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Patricia.M.Clay@noaa.gov; Lisa.L.Colburn@noaa.gov; TSeara@newhaven.edu NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 74 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.04.049 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA EF7EY UT WOS:000390494100040 ER PT J AU McCaughan, AN Abebe, NS Zhao, QY Berggren, KK AF McCaughan, Adam N. Abebe, Nathnael S. Zhao, Qing-Yuan Berggren, Karl K. TI Using Geometry To Sense Current SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE yTron; superconductivity; electronics; current crowding; memory; nondestructive readout; fluxon ID SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; INJECTION; FLOW; SUPERCURRENT; DEVICE; LINKS AB We describe a superconducting three-terminal device that uses a simple geometric effect known as current crowding to sense the flow of current and actuate a readout signal. The device consists of a "Y"-shaped current combiner, with two currents (sense and bias) entering separately through the top arms of the "Y", intersecting, and then exiting together through the bottom leg of the "Y". When current is added to or removed from one of the arms (e.g., the sense arm), the superconducting critical current in the other arm (i.e., the bias arm) is modulated. The current in the sense arm can thus be determined by measuring the critical current of the bias arm, or inversely, the sense current can be used to modulate the state of the bias arm. The dependence of the bias critical current on the sense current occurs due to the geometric current crowding effect, which causes the sense current to interact locally with the bias arm. Measurement of the critical current in the bias arm does not break the superconducting state of the sense arm or of the bottom leg, and thus, quantized currents trapped in a superconducting loop were able to be repeatedly measured without changing the state of the loop. Current crowding is a universal effect in nanoscale superconductors, and so this device has potential for applicability across a broad range of superconducting technologies and materials. More generally, any technology in which geometrically induced flow crowding exists in the presence of a strong nonlinearity might make use of this type of device. C1 [McCaughan, Adam N.; Abebe, Nathnael S.; Zhao, Qing-Yuan; Berggren, Karl K.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [McCaughan, Adam N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Berggren, KK (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM berggren@mit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0052]; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) [W911NF-14-00089]; NSF iQuISE program [0801525] FX The authors would like to James Daley and Mark Mondol for nanofabrication technical support. This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant under contract No. FA9550-14-1-0052 and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via contract W911NF-14-00089. Adam McCaughan was supported by a fellowship from the NSF iQuISE program, award number 0801525. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7626 EP 7631 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03593 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EE9RF UT WOS:000389963200046 PM 27960481 ER PT J AU Matta, ME Helser, TE Black, BA AF Matta, Mary Elizabeth Helser, Thomas E. Black, Bryan A. TI Otolith biochronologies reveal latitudinal differences in growth of Bering Sea yellowfin sole Limanda aspera SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biochronology; Flatfish; Fish otoliths; Growth; Alaska ID CLIMATE-DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; FISH GROWTH; INCREMENT CHRONOLOGIES; PREY AVAILABILITY; PACIFIC; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; HABITAT; EXAMPLE AB Annual growth patterns in the hard parts of marine organisms are often related to factors in the physical environment; investigators are increasingly borrowing methods from the field of dendrochronology (tree-ring science) to explore these relationships. When applied to otoliths of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera, an abundant and commercially important flatfish, this approach has demonstrated a strong positive correlation between otolith growth and bottom temperature in the southeastern Bering Sea. In the present study, we assess whether the biochronology-growth relationship extends to yellowfin sole collected at higher latitudes. Two new northern Bering Sea biochronologies, one from the Bering Strait region and one near St. Matthew Island, were developed and compared with the southeastern Bering Sea biochronology using mixed effects modeling. Despite large distances (up to 600 km), a high degree of synchrony was observed among all three chronologies. However, subtle differences in growth among the three regions were revealed upon closer examination. The relative amplitude of otolith growth differed among the three chronologies, with stronger negative anomalies in the south and stronger positive anomalies in the north. Differences in average length at age were also detected, with fish growing slower to greater lengths at higher latitudes. Lastly, the Bering Strait biochronology had the weakest and most localized relationships with climate variables, suggesting effects of climate may not be felt uniformly across the regions examined. Biochronologies may thus provide a useful tool in evaluating potential biological responses to projected climate change across a species' range. C1 [Matta, Mary Elizabeth; Helser, Thomas E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78973 USA. RP Matta, ME (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.matta@noaa.gov OI Matta, Mary/0000-0003-1677-8418 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 EI 1432-2056 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2427 EP 2439 DI 10.1007/s00300-016-1917-y PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EF1ET UT WOS:000390068600018 ER PT J AU Ravindranath, A Devineni, N Kolesar, P AF Ravindranath, Arun Devineni, Naresh Kolesar, Peter TI An environmental perspective on the water management policies of the Upper Delaware River Basin SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Delaware River; Delaware River Basin Commission; FFMP; Inter-state compacts; New York City water supply; Reservoir release policies; Water management AB Since 1954, the Delaware River has been managed under the framework of a Supreme Court decree and the subsequent concomitant intergovernmental collaboration between New York State, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York City (NYC) and the US federal government. Taking an environmental perspective, we review the evolution of water release policies for three NYC reservoirs from the issuance of the 1954 decree through the implementation of the Flexible Flow Management Program (FFMP) of 2007-2015 and examine the policies' impact on the upper Delaware River. We describe governmental and institutional constraints on the development of Delaware water policy and show how modifications of release policies have enhanced aquatic habitat and ecological health in the upper Delaware while reliably delivering water to NYC and the Delaware's other principal stakeholders. We describe the development of the FFMP in 2006, its subsequent modification, and its augmentation by NYC's Operations Support Tool in 2012. Finally, we discuss the negative ecological consequences of the 2010-2016 stalemate on Delaware water policy resulting from conflicts between the decree parties about current and future water rights, and how the stalemate derives partially from the decision structure imposed by the 1954 decree and the Good Faith Agreement of 1983. C1 [Ravindranath, Arun; Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Water Resources & Environm Res, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kolesar, Peter] Columbia Univ, Columbia Water Ctr, Columbia Business Sch, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Ravindranath, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Water Resources & Environm Res, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM aravind000@citymail.cuny.edu FU National Science Foundation [1360446]; Professional Staff Congress - City University of New York [67832-00 45]; City University of New York - Collaborative Incentive Research Grant [80209-13 21]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - Maryland [76514-05 01] FX This research was supported by:; (a) National Science Foundation grant 1360446 (Water Sustainability and Climate, Category 3).; (b) Professional Staff Congress - City University of New York award 67832-00 45.; (c) City University of New York - Collaborative Incentive Research Grant award 80209-13 21.; (d) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - Maryland award 76514-05 01. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PD DEC PY 2016 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1399 EP 1419 DI 10.2166/wp.2016.166 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EF3MU UT WOS:000390229400007 ER PT J AU Li, QY Zhang, L Wang, T Tham, YJ Ahmadov, R Xue, LK Zhang, Q Zheng, JY AF Li, Qinyi Zhang, Li Wang, Tao Tham, Yee Jun Ahmadov, Ravan Xue, Likun Zhang, Qiang Zheng, Junyu TI Impacts of heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide and chlorine activation on ozone and reactive nitrogen partitioning: improvement and application of the WRF-Chem model in southern China SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; AIR-SEA INTERFACE; NITRYL CHLORIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; NIGHTTIME CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; N2O5 AB The uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) on aerosol surfaces and the subsequent production of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) can have a significant impact on the oxidising capability and thus on secondary pollutants such as ozone. The range of such an impact, however, has not been well quantified in different geographical regions. In this study, we applied the Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model to investigate the impact of the N2O5 uptake processes in the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta (HK-PRD) region, where the highest ever reported N2O5 and ClNO2 concentrations were observed in our recent field study. We first incorporated into the WRF-Chem an aerosol thermodynamics model (ISORROPIA II), recent parameterisations for N2O5 heterogeneous uptake and ClNO2 production and gas-phase chlorine chemistry. The revised model was then used to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of N2O5 and ClNO2 over the HK-PRD region and the impact of N2O5 uptake and Cl activation on ozone and reactive nitrogen in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The updated model can generally capture the temporal variation of N2O5 and ClNO2 observed at a mountaintop site in Hong Kong, but it overestimates N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 production. The model results suggest that under average conditions, elevated levels of ClNO2 (> 0.25 ppb within the PBL) are present in the south-western PRD, with the highest values (> 1.00 ppb) predicted near the ground surface (0-200 m above ground level; a.g.l.). In contrast, during the night when very high levels of ClNO2 and N2O5 were measured in well-processed plumes from the PRD, ClNO2 is mostly concentrated within the residual layer (similar to 300 m a.g.l.). The addition of N2O5 heterogeneous uptake and Cl activation reduces the NO and NO2 levels by as much as 1.93 ppb (similar to 7.4 %) and 4.73 ppb (similar to 16.2 %), respectively, and it increases the total nitrate and ozone concentrations by up to 13.45 mu g m(-3) (similar to 57.4 %) and 7.23 ppb (similar to 16.3 %), respectively, in the PBL. Sensitivity tests show that the simulated chloride and ClNO2 concentrations are highly sensitive to chlorine emission. Our study suggests the need to measure the vertical profiles of N2O5/ClNO2 under various meteorological conditions, to consider the chemistry of N2O5/ClNO2 in the chemical transport model and to develop an updated chlorine emission inventory over China. C1 [Li, Qinyi; Zhang, Li; Wang, Tao; Tham, Yee Jun] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Ahmadov, Ravan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Xue, Likun] Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Qiang] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Junyu] South China Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM cetwang@polyu.edu.hk RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; WANG, Tao/B-9919-2014; Xue, Likun/B-5816-2012; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011 OI WANG, Tao/0000-0002-4765-9377; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071 FU Hong Kong Polytechnic University; General Research Fund of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [PolyU 153026/14P]; Collaborative Research Fund of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [C5022-14G] FX The authors would like to thank the China National Meteorological Center and the Hong Kong Observatory for providing the meteorological data and the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department for providing the routine air pollutants measurement data and the emission inventory in Hong Kong. This study is supported by a Hong Kong Polytechnic University PhD studentship, the General Research Fund of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (PolyU 153026/14P) and the Collaborative Research Fund of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (C5022-14G). NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 23 BP 14875 EP 14890 DI 10.5194/acp-16-14875-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ED9QT UT WOS:000389208300002 ER PT J AU Freitag, M Yang, WX Fredin, LA D'Amario, L Karlsson, KM Hagfeldt, A Boschloo, G AF Freitag, Marina Yang, Wenxing Fredin, Lisa A. D'Amario, Luca Karlsson, K. Martin Hagfeldt, Anders Boschloo, Gerrit TI Supramolecular Hemicage Cobalt Mediators for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE cobalt; dye-sensitized solar cells; photovoltaics; redox mediator; stability ID EXCITED-STATE; THERMAL-STABILITY; REDOX COUPLES; COMPLEXES; RECOMBINATION; ELECTROLYTE; RUTHENIUM(II); PERFORMANCE; BIPYRIDINE; REGENERATION AB A new class of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using the hemicage cobalt-based mediator [Co(ttb)](2+/3+) with the highly preorganized hexadentate ligand 5,5 '', 5 ''''-((2,4,6-triethyl benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tri-2,2'-bipyridine (ttb) has been fully investigated. The performances of DSSCs sensitized with organic D-p-A dyes utilizing either [Co(ttb)](2+/3+) or the conventional [Co(bpy)(3)](2+/3+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) redox mediator are comparable under 1000 Wm(-2) AM 1.5 G illumination. However, the hemicage complexes exhibit exceptional stability under thermal and light stress. In particular, a 120-hour continuous light illumination stability test for DSSCs using [Co(ttb)](2+/3+) resulted in a 10% increase in the performance, whereas a 40% decrease in performance was found for [Co(bpy)(3)](2+/3+) electrolyte-based DSSCs under the same conditions. These results demonstrate the great promise of [Co(ttb)](2+/3+) complexes as redox mediators for efficient, cost-effective, large-scale DSSC devices. C1 [Freitag, Marina; Hagfeldt, Anders] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Stn 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Freitag, Marina; Yang, Wenxing; D'Amario, Luca; Hagfeldt, Anders; Boschloo, Gerrit] Uppsala Univ, Phys Chem, Angstrom Lab, Box 523, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Fredin, Lisa A.] NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karlsson, K. Martin] Dyenamo AB, Tekn Ringen 38 A, S-11428 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Freitag, M (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Photomol Sci, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Stn 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.; Freitag, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Phys Chem, Angstrom Lab, Box 523, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. EM marina.freitag@epfl.ch FU Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany FX The authors acknowledge support by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. We would also like to thank Leif Haggman (Uppsala Universitet) for his technical support. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC PY 2016 VL 17 IS 23 BP 3845 EP 3852 DI 10.1002/cphc.201600985 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EE3XL UT WOS:000389534800003 PM 27662628 ER PT J AU Xue, YK De Sales, F Lau, WKM Boone, A Kim, KM Mechoso, CR Wang, GL Kucharski, F Schiro, K Hosaka, M Li, SS Druyan, LM Sanda, IS Thiaw, W Zeng, N Comer, RE Lim, YK Mahanama, S Song, GQ Gu, Y Hagos, SM Chin, M Schubert, S Dirmeyer, P Leung, LR Kalnay, E Kitoh, A Lu, CH Mahowald, NM Zhang, ZQ AF Xue, Yongkang De Sales, Fernando Lau, William K. -M. Boone, Aaron Kim, Kyu-Myong Mechoso, Carlos R. Wang, Guiling Kucharski, Fred Schiro, Kathleen Hosaka, Masahiro Li, Suosuo Druyan, Leonard M. Sanda, Ibrah Seidou Thiaw, Wassila Zeng, Ning Comer, Ruth E. Lim, Young-Kwon Mahanama, Sarith Song, Guoqiong Gu, Yu Hagos, Samson M. Chin, Mian Schubert, Siegfried Dirmeyer, Paul Leung, L. Ruby Kalnay, Eugenia Kitoh, Akio Lu, Cheng-Hsuan Mahowald, Natalie M. Zhang, Zhengqiu TI West African monsoon decadal variability and surface-related forcings: second West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation Project Experiment (WAMME II) SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Sahel seasonal and decadal climate variability; Sahel drought; SST and land forcings; GCM ID SAHEL RAINFALL VARIABILITY; LAND-USE TRANSITIONS; LONG-TERM LINK; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SUMMER RAINFALL; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SECONDARY LANDS; REGIONAL MODEL; GLOBAL-MODEL AB The second West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation Project Experiment (WAMME II) is designed to improve understanding of the possible roles and feedbacks of sea surface temperature (SST), land use land cover change (LULCC), and aerosols forcings in the Sahel climate system at seasonal to decadal scales. The project's strategy is to apply prescribed observationally based anomaly forcing, i.e., "idealized but realistic" forcing, in simulations by climate models. The goal is to assess these forcings' effects in producing/amplifying seasonal and decadal climate variability in the Sahel between the 1950s and the 1980s, which is selected to characterize the great drought period of the last century. This is the first multi-model experiment specifically designed to simultaneously evaluate such relative contributions. The WAMME II models have consistently demonstrated that SST forcing is a major contributor to the twentieth century Sahel drought. Under the influence of the maximum possible SST forcing, the ensemble mean of WAMME II models can produce up to 60 % of the precipitation difference during the period. The present paper also addresses the role of SSTs in triggering and maintaining the Sahel drought. In this regard, the consensus of WAMME II models is that both Indian and Pacific Ocean SSTs greatly contributed to the drought, with the former producing an anomalous displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone before the WAM onset, and the latter mainly contributes to the summer WAM drought. The WAMME II models also show that the impact of LULCC forcing on the Sahel climate system is weaker than that of SST forcing, but still of first order magnitude. According to the results, under LULCC forcing the ensemble mean of WAMME II models can produces about 40 % of the precipitation difference between the 1980s and the 1950s. The role of land surface processes in responding to and amplifying the drought is also identified. The results suggest that catastrophic consequences are likely to occur in the regional Sahel climate when SST anomalies in individual ocean basins and in land conditions combine synergistically to favor drought. C1 [Xue, Yongkang; Mechoso, Carlos R.; Schiro, Kathleen; Li, Suosuo; Song, Guoqiong; Gu, Yu; Zhang, Zhengqiu] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [De Sales, Fernando] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lau, William K. -M.; Zeng, Ning; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boone, Aaron] Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Kim, Kyu-Myong; Lim, Young-Kwon; Mahanama, Sarith; Chin, Mian; Schubert, Siegfried] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Guiling] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Kucharski, Fred] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Hosaka, Masahiro] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Li, Suosuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Druyan, Leonard M.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Druyan, Leonard M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Sanda, Ibrah Seidou] AGRHYMET Reg Ctr, Niamey, Niger. [Sanda, Ibrah Seidou] Abdou Moumouni Univ, Niamey, Niger. [Thiaw, Wassila; Lu, Cheng-Hsuan] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Comer, Ruth E.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Lim, Young-Kwon] IM Syst Grp, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Dirmeyer, Paul] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Interact Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hagos, Samson M.; Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Kitoh, Akio] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Mahowald, Natalie M.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Zhang, Zhengqiu] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu RI Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; OI Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; xue, yongkang/0000-0002-6169-9631 FU U.S. NSF [AGS-1115506, AGS-1419526]; NASA; European Union; AMMA FX We appreciate AMMA's support for the WAMME project, including use of the AMMA database for the WAMME II experiment. The WAMME activity and analysis are supported by U.S. NSF Grants AGS-1115506 and AGS-1419526. Each WAMME model group's efforts are supported by U.S. NSF and NASA, the European Union, and other funding agencies. A number of WAMME models simulations were conducted with the NCAR Supercomputers. NR 104 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 11 BP 3517 EP 3545 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3224-2 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE1NM UT WOS:000389349000008 ER PT J AU Johnson, NC Kosaka, Y AF Johnson, Nathaniel C. Kosaka, Yu TI The impact of eastern equatorial Pacific convection on the diversity of boreal winter El Nio teleconnection patterns SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE El Nino; Teleconnection patterns; Pacific/North American pattern; Convective threshold; Eastern Pacific; Subseasonal-to-seasonal climate prediction; Arctic amplification ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SST ANOMALIES; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; EUROPEAN REGION AB It is widely recognized that no two El Nio episodes are the same; hence the predictable variations of the climate impacts associated with El Nio remain an open problem. Through an analysis of observational data and of large ensembles from six climate models forced by the observed time-varying sea surface temperatures (SSTs), this study raises the argument that the most fundamental predictable variations of boreal wintertime El Nio teleconnection patterns relate to the distinction between convective (EPC) and non-convective eastern Pacific (EPN) events. This distinction is a consequence of the nonlinear relationship between deep convection and eastern Pacific SSTs, and the transition to a convective eastern Pacific has a predictable relationship with local and tropical mean SSTs. Notable differences (EPC minus EPN) between the teleconnection patterns include positive precipitation differences over southern North America and northern Europe, positive temperature differences over northeast North America, and negative temperature differences over the Arctic. These differences are stronger and more statistically significant than the more common partitioning between eastern Pacific and central Pacific El Nio. Most of the seasonal mean composite anomalies associated with EPN El Nio are not statistically significant owing to the weak SST forcing and small sample sizes; however, the EPN teleconnection is more robust on subseasonal timescales following periods when the EPN pattern of tropical convection is active. These findings suggest that the differences between EPC and EPN climate impacts are physically robust and potentially useful for intraseasonal forecasts for lead times of up to a few weeks. C1 [Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacif Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnson, Nathaniel C.; Kosaka, Yu] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, NOAA GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kosaka, Yu] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Johnson, NC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Int Pacif Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Johnson, NC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.; Johnson, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, NOAA GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Nathaniel.Johnson@noaa.gov RI Kosaka, Yu/C-2792-2009 FU Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program [NA14OAR4310189]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [15H05466]; Japanese Ministry of Environment through the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund [2-1503]; NOAA's Climate Program Office FX We are grateful for stimulating discussions with Dr. Steven Feldstein, Dr. Sukyoung Lee, and Ms. Michelle L'Heureux, which enhanced this work. We also thank Dr. Andrew Wittenberg, Dr. Xiaosong Yang, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that resulted in significant improvements of the manuscript. NCJ was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office, which includes a grant from the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections program, award number NA14OAR4310189. YK was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan through Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists 15H05466 and by the Japanese Ministry of Environment through the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund 2-1503. NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and FACTS climate model simulation data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd. NR 122 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2016 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3737 EP 3765 DI 10.1007/s00382-016-3039-1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EE4WG UT WOS:000389605700008 ER EF