FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Tullos, DD
Collins, MJ
Bellmore, JR
Bountry, JA
Connolly, PJ
Shafroth, PB
Wilcox, AC
AF Tullos, Desiree D.
Collins, MathMathias J.
Bellmore, J. Ryan
Bountry, Jennifer A.
Connolly, Patrick J.
Shafroth, Patrick B.
Wilcox, Andrew C.
TI SYNTHESIS OF COMMON MANAGEMENT CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH DAM REMOVAL
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE sediment management; headcut; aggradation; reservoir erosion; reservoir
drawdown; wells; turbidity; nonnative plants; invasive fish; dam
removal; river restoration
ID LOW-HEAD DAM; WHITE SALMON RIVER; FRESH-WATER FISH; ELWHA RIVER;
VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONDIT DAM; SEDIMENT;
CHANNEL; WASHINGTON
AB Managers make decisions regarding if and how to remove dams in spite of uncertainty surrounding physical and ecological responses, and stakeholders often raise concerns about certain negative effects, regardless of whether these concerns are warranted at a particular site. We used a dam-removal science database supplemented with other information sources to explore seven frequently raised concerns, herein Common Management Concerns (CMCs). We investigate the occurrence of these concerns and the contributing biophysical controls. The CMCs addressed are the following: degree and rate of reservoir sediment erosion, excessive channel incision upstream of reservoirs, downstream sediment aggradation, elevated downstream turbidity, drawdown impacts on local water infrastructure, colonization of reservoir sediments by nonnative plants, and expansion of invasive fish. Biophysical controls emerged for some of the concerns, providing managers with information to assess whether a given concern is likely to occur at a site. To fully assess CMC risk, managers should concurrently evaluate site conditions and identify the ecosystem or human uses that will be negatively affected if the biophysical phenomenon producing the CMC occurs. We show how many CMCs have one or more controls in common, facilitating the identification of multiple risks at a site, and demonstrate why CMC risks should be considered in the context of other factors such as natural watershed variability and disturbance history.
C1 [Tullos, Desiree D.] Oregon State Univ, Biol & Ecol Engn Dept, 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Collins, MathMathias J.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
[Bellmore, J. Ryan] US Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Bountry, Jennifer A.] US Bur Reclamat, Sedimentat & River Hydraul Grp, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA.
[Connolly, Patrick J.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Cook, WA 98605 USA.
[Shafroth, Patrick B.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Wilcox, Andrew C.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Tullos, DD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Biol & Ecol Engn Dept, 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM desiree.tullos@oregonstate.edu
OI Wilcox, Andrew C./0000-0002-6241-8977; Collins,
Mathias/0000-0003-4238-2038
NR 138
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 33
U2 33
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1093-474X
EI 1752-1688
J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS
JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 52
IS 5
BP 1179
EP 1206
DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12450
PG 28
WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EB2EL
UT WOS:000387170400013
ER
PT J
AU Mortimer, M
Petersen, EJ
Buchholz, BA
Holden, PA
AF Mortimer, Monika
Petersen, Elijah J.
Buchholz, Bruce A.
Holden, Patricia A.
TI Separation of Bacteria, Protozoa and Carbon Nanotubes by Density
Gradient Centrifugation
SO NANOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tetrahymena thermophila; carbon-14; sucrose;
iodixanol; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration; Stokes' Law
ID TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; QUANTUM DOTS; CUO
NANOPARTICLES; TROPHIC TRANSFER; GRAPHENE OXIDE; TOXICITY; TIO2;
BIOACCUMULATION; NANOMATERIALS
AB Sustainable production and use of carbon nanotube (CNT)-enabled materials require efficient assessment of CNT environmental hazards, including the potential for CNT bioaccumulation and biomagnification in environmental receptors. Microbes, as abundant organisms responsible for nutrient cycling in soil and water, are important ecological receptors for studying the effects of CNTs. Quantification of CNT association with microbial cells requires efficient separation of CNT-associated cells from individually dispersed CNTs and CNT agglomerates. Here, we designed, optimized, and demonstrated procedures for separating bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from unbound multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and MWCNT agglomerates using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. We demonstrate separation of protozoa (Tetrahymena thermophila) from MWCNTs, bacterial agglomerates, and protozoan fecal pellets by centrifugation in an iodixanol solution. The presence of MWCNTs in the density gradients after centrifugation was determined by quantification of C-14-labeled MWCNTs; the recovery of microbes from the density gradient media was confirmed by optical microscopy. Protozoan intracellular contents of MWCNTs and of bacteria were also unaffected by the designed separation process. The optimized methods contribute to improved efficiency and accuracy in quantifying MWCNT association with bacteria and MWCNT accumulation in protozoan cells, thus supporting improved assessment of CNT bioaccumulation.
C1 [Mortimer, Monika; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Mortimer, Monika; Holden, Patricia A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, UC CEIN, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Mortimer, Monika] NICPB, Lab Environm Toxicol, Akad Tee 23, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
[Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Buchholz, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, UC CEIN, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM mmortimer@bren.ucsb.edu; elijah.petersen@nist.gov; buchholz2@llnl.gov;
holden@bren.ucsb.edu
RI Mortimer, Monika/A-2593-2013
OI Mortimer, Monika/0000-0001-9008-521X
FU UC CEIN; NSF; EPA [DBI-1266377, DBI-0830117]; NIH/NIGMS [5P41GM103483];
trust of Henry H. Wheeler; Estonian Research Council [PUTJD16]; U.S.
Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was supported by the UC CEIN with funding from the NSF and EPA
under Cooperative Agreements DBI-1266377 and DBI-0830117 and by
NIH/NIGMS 5P41GM103483. The project was additionally supported by funds
from the trust of Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. M.M. acknowledges the Estonian
Research Council grant PUTJD16. Work was performed in part under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344; reviewed and released as
LLNL-JRNL-684658. Manu Chopra is acknowledged for assistance in
experiments and image analysis and Sage Davis for performing ESEM in the
Micro-Environmental Imaging and Analysis Facility at the University of
California Santa Barbara [49]. We acknowledge the use of the NRI-MCDB
Microscopy Facility and Materials Research Laboratory at UCSB. Certain
commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order
to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case
does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that
any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are
necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 16
U2 16
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2079-4991
J9 NANOMATERIALS-BASEL
JI Nanomaterials
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 10
AR 181
DI 10.3390/nano6100181
PG 21
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA EB6HC
UT WOS:000387481400006
ER
PT J
AU Sun, JQ
Wang, MH
AF Sun, Junqiang
Wang, Menghua
TI Electronic Crosstalk in Aqua MODIS Long-Wave Infrared Photovoltaic Bands
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE MODIS; Aqua; crosstalk; Thermal Emissive Bands; Long Wave Infrared
(LWIR); Photovoltaic (PV)
ID TERRA; CALIBRATION; PERFORMANCE; MITIGATION
AB Recent investigations have discovered that Terra MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) long-wave infrared (LWIR) photovoltaic (PV) bands, bands 27-30, have strong crosstalk among themselves. The linear model developed to test the electronic crosstalk effect was instrumental in the first discovery of the effect in Terra MODIS band 27, and through subsequent investigations the model and the correction algorithm were tested further and established to be correct. It was shown that the correction algorithm successfully mitigated the anomalous features in the calibration coefficients as well as the severe striping and the long-term drift in the Earth view (EV) retrievals for the affected Terra bands. Here, the examination into Aqua MODIS using the established methodology confirms the existence of significant crosstalk contamination in its four LWIR PV, although the finding shows the overall effect to be of lesser degree. The crosstalk effect is characterized and the crosstalk correction coefficients are derived for all four Aqua LWIR PV bands via analysis of signal contamination in the lunar imagery. Sudden changes in the crosstalk contamination are clearly seen, as also in the Terra counterparts in previous investigations. These sudden changes are consistent with the sudden jumps observed in the linear calibration coefficients for many years, thus this latest finding provides an explanation to the long-standing but unexplained anomalies in the calibration coefficients of the four Aqua LWIR bands. It is also shown that the crosstalk contamination for these bands are of similar level for the two MODIS instruments in the early mission that can lead to as much as 2 K increase in brightness temperature for the affected bands, thus demonstrating significant impact on the science results already started at the early going. As Aqua MODIS is a legacy sensor, the crosstalk correction to its LWIR PV bands will be important to remove the impact of the crosstalk contamination from its calibration results and the associated science products.
C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Sun, JQ (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov; menghua.wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010;
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; sun, junqiang/0000-0001-5913-0510
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 10
AR 806
DI 10.3390/rs8100806
PG 11
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA EB4QI
UT WOS:000387357300020
ER
PT J
AU Beams, R
Cancado, LG
Krylyuk, S
Kalish, I
Kalanyan, B
Singh, AK
Choudhary, K
Bruma, A
Vora, PM
Tavazza, F
Da-Vydov, AV
Stranick, SJ
AF Beams, Ryan
Cancado, Luiz Gustavo
Krylyuk, Sergiy
Kalish, Irina
Kalanyan, Berc
Singh, Arunima K.
Choudhary, Kamal
Bruma, Alina
Vora, Patrick M.
Tavazza, Francesca
Da-Vydov, Albert V.
Stranick, Stephan J.
TI Characterization of Few-Layer 1T ' MoTe2 by Polarization-Resolved Second
Harmonic Generation and Raman Scattering
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE two-dimensional material; Raman scattering; second harmonic generation;
crystal symmetry; optical spectroscopy
ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSITION;
THIN-FILMS; WTE2; DITELLURIDE; MONOLAYER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB We study the crystal symmetry of few-layer 1T' MoTe2 using the polarization dependence of the second harmonic generation (SHG) and Raman scattering. Bulk 1T' MoTe2 is known to be inversion symmetric; however, we find that the inversion symmetry is broken for finite crystals with even numbers of layers, resulting in strong SHG comparable to other transition-metal dichalcogenides. Group theory analysis of the polarization dependence of the Raman signals allows for the definitive assignment of all the Raman modes in 1T' MoTe2 and clears up a discrepancy in the literature. The Raman results were also compared with density functional theory simulations and are in excellent agreement with the layer-dependent variations of the Raman modes. The experimental measurements also determine the relationship between the crystal axes and the polarization dependence of the SHG and Raman scattering, which now allows the anisotropy of polarized SHG or Raman signal to independently determine the crystal orientation.
C1 [Beams, Ryan; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Kalish, Irina; Kalanyan, Berc; Singh, Arunima K.; Choudhary, Kamal; Bruma, Alina; Tavazza, Francesca; Da-Vydov, Albert V.; Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cancado, Luiz Gustavo] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Krylyuk, Sergiy] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Vora, Patrick M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Stranick, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stephan.stranick@nist.gov
RI Cancado, Luiz Gustavo/F-2262-2010
FU NIST/National Research Council Research Associate Program (NRC RAP); GMU
OSCAR Program; Material Genome Initiative; Professional Research
Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship [70NANB11H012]; Texas Advanced
Computing Center [TG-DMR150006]; National Science Foundation
[ACI-1053575]
FX R.B. acknowledges the NIST/National Research Council Research Associate
Program (NRC RAP) for its support. P.M.V. acknowledges support from the
GMU OSCAR Program. L.G.C. acknowledges the Brazilian agencies CNPq and
FAPEMIG. A.B. acknowledges MGI. A.V.D., S.K., and I.K. acknowledge the
support of Material Genome Initiative funding allocated to NIST. A.K.S.
is funded by the Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral
Fellowship under award no. 70NANB11H012. This research used
computational resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center
under contract TG-DMR150006. This work used the Extreme Science and
Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which was supported by
National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575. We thank C.
Janisch, I. Levin, J. Maslar, C. Michaels, and J. Ribeiro-Soares for
fruitful discussions.
NR 70
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 38
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 10
BP 9626
EP 9636
DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b05127
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA EA2LK
UT WOS:000386423600065
ER
PT J
AU Goetz, KP
Tsutsumi, J
Pookpanratana, S
Chen, JH
Corbin, NS
Behera, RK
Coropceanu, V
Richter, CA
Hacker, CA
Hasegawa, T
Jurchescu, OD
AF Goetz, Katelyn P.
Tsutsumi, Jun'ya
Pookpanratana, Sujitra
Chen, Jihua
Corbin, Nathan S.
Behera, Rakesh K.
Coropceanu, Veaceslav
Richter, Curt A.
Hacker, Christina A.
Hasegawa, Tatsuo
Jurchescu, Oana D.
TI Polymorphism in the 1:1 Charge-Transfer Complex DBTTF-TCNQ and Its
Effects on Optical and Electronic Properties
SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE charge-transfer complexes; organic semiconductors; polymorphism; single
crystals
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSFER CRYSTALS;
BEDT-TTF; TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS;
SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BAND-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; CO-CRYSTAL
AB The organic charge-transfer complex dibenzotetrathiafulvalene-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane is found to crystallize in two polymorphs when grown by physical vapor transport: the known -polymorph and a new structure, the -polymorph. Structural and elemental analysis via selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and polarized IR spectroscopy reveal that the complexes have the same stoichiometry with a 1:1 donor: acceptor ratio, but exhibit unique unit cells. The structural variations result in significant differences in the optoelectronic properties of the crystals, as observed in the experiments and electronic-structure calculations. Raman spectroscopy shows that the -polymorph has a degree of charge transfer of about 0.5e, while the -polymorph is nearly neutral. Organic field-effect transistors fabricated on these crystals reveal that in the same device structure both polymorphs show ambipolar charge transport, but the -polymorph exhibits electron-dominant transport while the -polymorph is hole-dominant. Together, these measurements imply that the transport features result from differing donor-acceptor overlap and consequential varying in frontier molecular orbital mixing, as suggested theoretically for charge-transfer complexes.
C1 [Goetz, Katelyn P.; Jurchescu, Oana D.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
[Tsutsumi, Jun'ya; Hasegawa, Tatsuo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Flexible Elect Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan.
[Pookpanratana, Sujitra; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, Jihua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 38831 USA.
[Corbin, Nathan S.; Behera, Rakesh K.; Coropceanu, Veaceslav] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Corbin, Nathan S.; Behera, Rakesh K.; Coropceanu, Veaceslav] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Hasegawa, Tatsuo] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
EM jurchescu@wfu.edu
RI Tsutsumi, Jun'ya/O-6490-2016
OI Tsutsumi, Jun'ya/0000-0002-0910-1188
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1105147, ECCS-1254757]; U.S. Army
Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0387]; NSF
Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) [DGE-0907738]; NSF Graduate
Research Opportunities Worldwide (GROW) [DGE-0907738]
FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Rachel Williamson of the Australian
Synchrotron in her efforts to discern the structure for the
beta-DBTTF-TCNQ. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Alejandro
Briseno and Dr. Marcos Reyes-Martinez at the University of Massachusetts
at Amherst for their advice and training in preparing the parylene
deposition system. This research was partially supported by the National
Science Foundation under grants DMR-1105147 and ECCS-1254757 and by the
U.S. Army Research Laboratory and U.S. Army Research Office under
contract/grant number W911NF-13-1-0387. KPG acknowledges the NSF
Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) and Graduate Research
Opportunities Worldwide (GROW) under grant DGE-0907738. TEM (J.C.)
experiments were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials
Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
NR 62
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 28
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2199-160X
J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER
JI Adv. Electron. Mater.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 2
IS 10
AR 1600203
DI 10.1002/aelm.201600203
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA EA4YW
UT WOS:000386624100005
ER
PT J
AU Kirk, AT
Zimmermann, S
AF Kirk, Ansgar T.
Zimmermann, Stefan
TI Sensors for Trace Gas Ion Mobility Spectrometry
SO CHEMIE IN UNSERER ZEIT
LA German
DT Article
DE Ionenmobilitatsspektrometer; Ionenmobilitat; Spurengas; chemische
Atmospharendruckionisation
ID MASS SPECTROMETRY; IMS
AB Ionenmobilitatsspektrometer sind extrem schnelle und sensitive Sensoren fur Spurengase, welche diese anhand ihrer Bewegung durch ein Neutralgas unter dem Einfluss eines elektrischen Feldes identifizieren. In diesem Artikel wurden die Grundlagen der Ionenmobilitat zusammengefasst, verschiedene Anwendungsgebiete von Ionenmobilitatsspektrometern erlautert und drei grundlegende Bauformen eines Ionenmobilitatsspektrometers vorgestellt.
Ion mobility spectrometers are extremely fast and sensitive sensors for trace gases, which identify these according to their motion through a neutral gas under the influence of an electric field. In this work, the basics of ion mobility are summarized, different areas of application for ion mobility spectrometers are explained and three basic types of ion mobility spectrometers are presented.
C1 [Kirk, Ansgar T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Zimmermann, Stefan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zimmermann, Stefan] Dragerwerk AG & Co KGaA, Lubeck, Germany.
[Zimmermann, Stefan] Dragerwerk AG & Co KGaA, Abt Chem & Biochem Sensoren, Lubeck, Germany.
RP Kirk, AT (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Grundlagen Elektrotech & Messtech, Fachgebiet Sensor & Messtech, Appelstr 9A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
EM kirk@geml.uni-hannover.de
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0009-2851
EI 1521-3781
J9 CHEM UNSERER ZEIT
JI Chem. Unserer Zeit
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 50
IS 5
BP 310
EP 315
DI 10.1002/ciuz.201600714
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA DZ3GE
UT WOS:000385732400010
ER
PT J
AU Foltz, GR
Balaguru, K
AF Foltz, Gregory R.
Balaguru, Karthik
TI Prolonged El Nino conditions in 2014-2015 and the rapid intensification
of Hurricane Patricia in the eastern Pacific
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hurricane Patricia; El Nino; sea surface temperature; eastern Pacific;
Potential Intensity; surface salinity
ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; ROSSBY
WAVES; OCEAN; CYCLONES; EVENTS; IMPACT; NORTH; SST
AB Hurricane Patricia was the most intense tropical cyclone on record in the eastern North Pacific or Atlantic, reaching a peak intensity of 95ms(-1) only 30h after attaining hurricane status (33ms(-1)). Here it is shown that exceptionally warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs), a deeper than normal thermocline, and strong near-surface salinity stratification all aided Patricia's rapid intensification, combining to increase its Potential Intensity by 1-14ms(-1). Anomalous surface warming and thermocline deepening along Patricia's track were driven by prolonged El Nino conditions during 2014-2015 and punctuated by the buildup to the extreme El Nino of 2015-2016. In the region where Patricia intensified, SST was 1.5 degrees C higher and sea surface height was 10cm higher compared to conditions during the last extreme El Nino in 1997, emphasizing the extraordinary nature of the 2015 anomalies.
C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Balaguru, Karthik] Pacific Northwest Natl Labs, Marine Sci Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov
RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011
OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science's Biological and
Environmental Research Regional and Global Climate Modeling prgram; DOE
by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX G.F. was supported by base funds to NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory. K.B. was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) Office of Science's Biological and Environmental Research
Regional and Global Climate Modeling prgram. Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute
under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We thank Ricardo Domingues and two
anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that improved the manuscript.
All data and models used in this study are freely available, as
described in the references given in section 2 and the supporting
information, or can be obtained from gregory.foltz@noaa.gov upon
request.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 19
BP 10347
EP 10355
DI 10.1002/2016GL070274
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA EA9CW
UT WOS:000386939800004
ER
PT J
AU Desbruyeres, DG
Purkey, SG
McDonagh, EL
Johnson, GC
King, BA
AF Desbruyeres, Damien G.
Purkey, Sarah G.
McDonagh, Elaine L.
Johnson, Gregory C.
King, Brian A.
TI Deep and abyssal ocean warming from 35years of repeat hydrography
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE repeat hydrography; ocean heat content; GO-SHIP
ID HEAT UPTAKE; ATLANTIC; SLOWDOWN; WATERS
AB Global and regional ocean warming deeper than 2000m is investigated using 35years of sustained repeat hydrographic survey data starting in 1981. The global long-term temperature trend below 2000m, representing the time period 1991-2010, is equivalent to a mean heat flux of 0.065 0.040Wm(-2) applied over the Earth's surface area. The strongest warming rates are found in the abyssal layer (4000-6000m), which contributes to one third of the total heat uptake with the largest contribution from the Southern and Pacific Oceans. A similar regional pattern is found in the deep layer (2000-4000m), which explains the remaining two thirds of the total heat uptake yet with larger uncertainties. The global average warming rate did not change within uncertainties pre-2000 versus post-2000, whereas ocean average warming rates decreased in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and increased in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans.
C1 [Desbruyeres, Damien G.; McDonagh, Elaine L.; King, Brian A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
[Purkey, Sarah G.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
[Purkey, Sarah G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Desbruyeres, DG (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
EM dades@noc.ac.uk
RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU British National Environmental Research Council (NERC) [NE/K004387/1];
Climate Observation Division; Climate Program Office; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA
FX This work is a contribution to the DEEP-C project, funded by the British
National Environmental Research Council (NERC grant NE/K004387/1).
GO-SHIP CTD data were made available by data originators either as
public data on the CCHDO website (http://cchdo.ucsd.edu), where cruise
participants can be identified, or directly by cruise PIs. We are
grateful for the hard work of scientists, ship's officers, and crew in
collecting, calibrating, and processing the data used here. G.C.J. is
supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department
of Commerce, and NOAA Research. PMEL contribution 4517.
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 19
BP 10356
EP 10365
DI 10.1002/2016GL070413
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA EA9CW
UT WOS:000386939800025
ER
PT J
AU McCabe, RM
Hickey, BM
Kudela, RM
Lefebvre, KA
Adams, NG
Bill, BD
Gulland, FMD
Thomson, RE
Cochlan, WP
Trainer, VL
AF McCabe, Ryan M.
Hickey, Barbara M.
Kudela, Raphael M.
Lefebvre, Kathi A.
Adams, Nicolaus G.
Bill, Brian D.
Gulland, Frances M. D.
Thomson, Richard E.
Cochlan, William P.
Trainer, Vera L.
TI An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean
conditions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE harmful algal bloom; Pseudo-nitzschia australis; domoic acid; upwelling;
warm anomaly; toxin
ID NITZSCHIA-AUSTRALIS BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; 1997-1998
EL-NINO; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; SPRING TRANSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA
CURRENT; COASTAL OCEAN; WEST-COAST; NE PACIFIC
AB A coastwide bloom of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in spring 2015 resulted in the largest recorded outbreak of the neurotoxin, domoic acid, along the North American west coast. Elevated toxins were measured in numerous stranded marine mammals and resulted in geographically extensive and prolonged closures of razor clam, rock crab, and Dungeness crab fisheries. We demonstrate that this outbreak was initiated by anomalously warm ocean conditions. Pseudo-nitzschia australis thrived north of its typical range in the warm, nutrient-poor water that spanned the northeast Pacific in early 2015. The seasonal transition to upwelling provided the nutrients necessary for a large-scale bloom; a series of spring storms delivered the bloom to the coast. Laboratory and field experiments confirming maximum growth rates with elevated temperatures and enhanced toxin production with nutrient enrichment, together with a retrospective analysis of toxic events, demonstrate the potential for similarly devastating ecological and economic disruptions in the future.
C1 [McCabe, Ryan M.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hickey, Barbara M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Adams, Nicolaus G.; Bill, Brian D.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA.
[Thomson, Richard E.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC, Canada.
[Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA USA.
RP McCabe, RM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM rmccabe.ocean@gmail.com
FU NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Center for Sponsored
Coastal Ocean Research [NA11NOS0120036, NA14NOS0120149, NA16NOS4780189,
NA11NOS4780030, NA04NOS4780239]; NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063];
National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1332753]; NSF [OCE-1314088];
National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RO1 ES021930]; COAST
FX We thank a number of people for the shellfish toxin data: Daniel L.
Ayers, Zach Forster, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife;
Jerry Borchert and the Washington State Department of Health; Matthew V.
Hunter and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Gregg Langlois
and the California Department of Public Health; and Lorraine McIntyre
and the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. The Olympic Region
Harmful Algal Bloom Partnership provided Washington Pseudo-nitzschia
counts. We thank Liam Antrim, Kathy Hough, and others of the Olympic
Coast National Marine Sanctuary for the moored temperature data, Bill
Peterson for zooplankton net tow samples from the Newport Line off
Oregon, Eric Bjorkstedt for net tow samples from the Trinidad Line off
California, and Nicky Haigh for the Pseudo-nitzschia sample from Barkley
Sound, British Columbia. We also thank Anthony Odell, Madison Drescher,
Jennifer Hagen, and Aaron Parker for sampling aboard the NOAA Ship Bell
M. Shimada. We thank Bridget Hansen of the Romberg Tiburon Center, San
Francisco State University, for performing the Pseudo-nitzschia
temperature-growth experiments. Marine mammal samples were collected by
the Wildlife Algal Toxin Research and Response Network Partners
(http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/efs/warrnwest/). This work
was supported by grants from the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research to V.L.T., B.M.H.,
and R.M.M. (NA11NOS0120036); to B.M.H. and R.M.M. (NA14NOS0120149); to
R. M. M., B.M.H., and V.L.T. (NA16NOS4780189); to R.M.K. (NA11NOS4780030
and NA04NOS4780239); and to the Joint Institute for the Study of the
Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement
NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020). B.M.H. and R.
M. M. acknowledge additional funding from the National Science
Foundation (NSF; OCE-1332753). K.A.L. acknowledges funding from NSF
(OCE-1314088) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH; RO1 ES021930).
W.P.C. acknowledges undergraduate research funding from COAST that
supported Pseudo-nitzschia lab experiments conducted by Hansen. The
authors declare no conflicts of interests. Primary environmental data
will be summarized and delivered to a National Data Center's
Environmental Data Management Committee (EDMC) within 6 months of the
termination of funding or publication in the peer-reviewed literature.
This is NOAA Harmful Algal Bloom Event Response contribution 20, NOAA
Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom contribution 852, NOAA
Monitoring and Event Response for Harmful Algal Bloom contribution 196,
and JISAO contribution 2016-01-47. The statements, findings,
conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not
reflect the views of NSF, NIH, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce.
NR 58
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U1 28
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 19
BP 10366
EP 10376
DI 10.1002/2016GL070023
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA EA9CW
UT WOS:000386939800034
PM 27917011
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, XA
Zhao, M
Maloney, ED
Waliser, DE
AF Jiang, Xianan
Zhao, Ming
Maloney, Eric D.
Waliser, Duane E.
TI Convective moisture adjustment time scale as a key factor in regulating
model amplitude of the Madden-Julian Oscillation
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Madden-Julian Oscillation; tropical convection; climate models;
convective adjustment time scale
ID INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATE;
MJO; PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC; SENSITIVITY; WAVES
AB Despite its pronounced impacts on weather extremes worldwide, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in climate models. Here we present findings that point to some necessary ingredients to produce a strong MJO amplitude in a large set of model simulations from a recent model intercomparison project. While surface flux and radiative heating anomalies are considered important for amplifying the MJO, their strength per unit MJO precipitation anomaly is found to be negatively correlated to MJO amplitude across these multimodel simulations. However, model MJO amplitude is found to be closely tied to a model's convective moisture adjustment time scale, a measure of how rapidly precipitation must increase to remove excess column water vapor, or alternately the efficiency of surface precipitation generation per unit column water vapor anomaly. These findings provide critical insights into key model processes for the MJO and pinpoint a direction for improved model representation of the MJO.
C1 [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Jiang, Xianan; Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Zhao, Ming] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Maloney, Eric D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Jiang, XA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Jiang, XA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM xianan@ucla.edu
RI Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014
OI Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611;
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics
Program [AGS-1228302]; NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO)
[NA12OAR4310075, NA15OAR4310098, NA15OAR4310177]; Office of Naval
Research under project [ONRBAA12-001]; NSF [AGS-1221013, AGS-1441916];
NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA; NOAA MAPP
[NA15OAR4310098, NA13OAR431016, NA15OAR4310099]
FX The multimodel output collected by this project and analyzed in this
study is available for free download from
https://earthsystemcog.org/projects/gassyotc-mip. X. Jiang acknowledges
support by National Science Foundation (NSF) Climate and Large-Scale
Dynamics Program under awards AGS-1228302 and NOAA Climate Program
Office (CPO) under award NA12OAR4310075, NA15OAR4310098, and
NA15OAR4310177. D. Waliser acknowledges the Office of Naval Research
under project ONRBAA12-001, NSF award AGS-1221013, NASA Modeling,
Analysis and Prediction Program, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the NASA. E.
Maloney acknowledges support by the NOAA MAPP program under awards
NA13OAR431016, NA15OAR4310099, and NA15OAR4310098 and by NSF award
AGS-1441916.
NR 45
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 19
BP 10412
EP 10419
DI 10.1002/2016GL070898
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA EA9CW
UT WOS:000386939800048
ER
PT J
AU Solomon, A
Polvani, LM
Waugh, DW
Davis, SM
AF Solomon, A.
Polvani, L. M.
Waugh, D. W.
Davis, S. M.
TI Contrasting upper and lower atmospheric metrics of tropical expansion in
the Southern Hemisphere
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE tropical expansion; Hadley circulation; jet latitude; tropical width
metrics; hydrological cycle
ID HADLEY CIRCULATION; POLEWARD EXPANSION; OZONE DEPLETION; WIDTH; BELT;
SIMULATIONS; REANALYSIS; CELL
AB Observational studies suggest that the tropics are expanding, but a wide range of expansion rates have been reported (from 0.2 degrees to 2 degrees of latitude per decade). This is due, in part, to the great variety of metrics used to define the tropical width. Here we ask whether these metrics are measuring tropical width consistently, focusing on the Southern Hemisphere, where the circulation is better approximated by the zonally symmetric component. Analyzing output from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project, we show that tropical expansion robustly occurs in the model in response to forcings. In addition, we find that whereas the width of the Hadley circulation is strongly correlated with the midlatitude jet, from interannual to decadal time scales, it is essentially uncorrelated with upper atmospheric metrics, e.g., the maximum gradient of tropopause height, both in terms of variability and of response to forcings.
C1 [Solomon, A.; Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Polvani, L. M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA.
[Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Davis, S. M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Solomon, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM as4638@columbia.edu
RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158;
FU Frontiers of Earth System Dynamics (FESD) grant from the U.S. National
Science Foundation; National Science Foundation
FX This work is funded by a Frontiers of Earth System Dynamics (FESD) grant
from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The computations were carried
out with high-performance computing support provided by NCAR's
Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, which is sponsored by
the National Science Foundation. The data produced for and analyzed in
this paper are archived on the High Performance Storage System (HPSS) at
the National Center for Atmospheric Research and can be provided upon
request.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 19
BP 10496
EP 10503
DI 10.1002/2016GL070917
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA EA9CW
UT WOS:000386939800046
ER
PT J
AU Alden, CB
Miller, JB
Gatti, LV
Gloor, MM
Guan, K
Michalak, AM
van der Laan-Luijkx, IT
Touma, D
Andrews, A
Basso, LS
Correia, CSC
Domingues, LG
Joiner, J
Krol, MC
Lyapustin, AI
Peters, W
Shiga, YP
Thoning, K
van der Velde, IR
van Leeuwen, TT
Yadav, V
Diffenbaugh, NS
AF Alden, Caroline B.
Miller, John B.
Gatti, Luciana V.
Gloor, Manuel M.
Guan, Kaiyu
Michalak, Anna M.
van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.
Touma, Danielle
Andrews, Arlyn
Basso, Luana S.
Correia, Caio S. C.
Domingues, Lucas G.
Joiner, Joanna
Krol, Maarten C.
Lyapustin, Alexei I.
Peters, Wouter
Shiga, Yoichi P.
Thoning, Kirk
van der Velde, Ivar R.
van Leeuwen, Thijs T.
Yadav, Vineet
Diffenbaugh, Noah S.
TI Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic
differences in Amazon net biome exchange
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Amazon; climate extremes; CO2; inverse model; terrestrial biosphere;
tropical carbon exchange
ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON-CYCLE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; DROUGHT SENSITIVITY;
DIOXIDE FLUX; RAIN-FOREST; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; MODEL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;
BALANCE
AB Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate-carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the global carbon budget is net biome exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere ( NBE), which represents nonfire carbon fluxes into and out of biomass and soils. Subannual and sub-Basin Amazon NBE estimates have relied heavily on process-based biosphere models, despite lack of model agreement with plot-scale observations. We present a new analysis of airborne measurements that reveals monthly, regional-scale (similar to 1-8 x 10(6) km(2)) NBE variations. We develop a regional atmospheric CO2 inversion that provides the first analysis of geographic and temporal variability in Amazon biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange and that is minimally influenced by biosphere model-based first guesses of seasonal and annual mean fluxes. We find little evidence for a clear seasonal cycle in Amazon NBE but do find NBE sensitivity to aberrations from long-term mean climate. In particular, we observe increased NBE ( more carbon emitted to the atmosphere) associated with heat and drought in 2010, and correlations between wet season NBE and precipitation ( negative correlation) and temperature ( positive correlation). In the eastern Amazon, pulses of increased NBE persisted through 2011, suggesting legacy effects of 2010 heat and drought. We also identify regional differences in postdrought NBE that appear related to long-term water availability. We examine satellite proxies and find evidence for higher gross primary productivity ( GPP) during a pulse of increased carbon uptake in 2011, and lower GPP during a period of increased NBE in the 2010 dry season drought, but links between GPP and NBE changes are not conclusive. These results provide novel evidence of NBE sensitivity to short-term temperature and moisture extremes in the Amazon, where monthly and sub-Basin estimates have not been previously available.
C1 [Alden, Caroline B.; Guan, Kaiyu; Touma, Danielle; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Alden, Caroline B.; Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Miller, John B.; Andrews, Arlyn; Thoning, Kirk] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gatti, Luciana V.; Basso, Luana S.; Correia, Caio S. C.; Domingues, Lucas G.] CNEN, IPEN, Atmospher Chem Lab, 2242 Ave Prof Lineu Prestes,Cidade Univ, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Gloor, Manuel M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS9 2JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Michalak, Anna M.; Shiga, Yoichi P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.; Krol, Maarten C.; Peters, Wouter] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Joiner, Joanna; Lyapustin, Alexei I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Krol, Maarten C.; van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Princetonpl 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, Maarten C.; van Leeuwen, Thijs T.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Peters, Wouter; van der Velde, Ivar R.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
[Shiga, Yoichi P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Yadav, Vineet] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Alden, CB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Alden, CB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM aldenc@colorado.edu
RI van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013;
OI van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737; ALDEN,
CAROLINE/0000-0002-5249-7800; Touma, Danielle/0000-0003-1992-9904;
Domingues, Lucas/0000-0003-4868-917X
FU NASA [NNX12AM90G]; NSF (AGS CAREER) [0955283]
FX This research was funded by grants from NASA (NNX12AM90G to JBM) and NSF
(AGS CAREER 0955283 to NSD). We thank the pilots who collected the air
samples, and the measurement analysts and scientists at NOAA for
providing data from ASC and RPB. We also thank Sourish Basu and Tyler
Jones for helpful discussions and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful
comments and suggestions.
NR 64
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 23
U2 24
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
EI 1365-2486
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 22
IS 10
BP 3427
EP 3443
DI 10.1111/gcb.13305
PG 17
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA EA5RQ
UT WOS:000386680600017
PM 27124119
ER
PT J
AU Xu, WF
Liu, B
Liu, X
Chiang, MYM
Li, B
Xu, ZC
Liao, XL
AF Xu, Wenfeng
Liu, Bo
Liu, Xue
Chiang, Martin Y. M.
Li, Bo
Xu, Zichen
Liao, Xiaoling
TI Regulation of BMP2-induced intracellular calcium increases in
osteoblasts
SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE osteoblasts; BMP2; calcium; signal transduction mediators; fluorescence
resonance energy transfer
ID FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; MESENCHYMAL
STEM-CELLS; FLUID SHEAR-STRESS; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; SRC;
ACTIVATION; PROMOTES; CHANNELS; PATHWAY
AB Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is a well-characterized regulator that stimulates osteoblast differentiation, little is known about how it regulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In this study, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) upon BMP2 application, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src activities were measured in the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line using fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors. Increase in [Ca2+](i), FAK, and Src activities were observed during BMP2 stimulation. The removal of extracellular calcium, the application of membrane channel inhibitors streptomycin or nifedipine, the FAK inhibitor PF-573228 (PF228), and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) siRNA all blocked the BMP2-stimulated [Ca2+](i) increase, while the Src inhibitor PP1 did not. In contrast, a gentle decrease of endoplasmic reticulum calcium concentration was found after BMP2 stimulation, which could be blocked by both streptomycin and PP1. Further experiments revealed that BMP2-induced FAK activation could not be inhibited by PP1, ALP siRNA or the calcium channel inhibitor nifedipine. PF228, but not PP1 or calcium channel inhibitors, suppressed ALP elevation resulting from BMP2 stimulation. Therefore, our results suggest that BMP2 can increase [Ca2+](i) through extracellular calcium influx regulated by FAK and ALP and can deplete ER calcium through Src signaling simultaneously. (c) 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1725-1733, 2016.
C1 [Xu, Wenfeng; Liu, Xue; Li, Bo; Liao, Xiaoling] Chongqing Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Biomed Engn, Chongqing 401331, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Bo] Dalian Univ Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
[Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Xu, Zichen] Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
RP Liao, XL (reprint author), Chongqing Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Biomed Engn, Chongqing 401331, Peoples R China.
EM zxc_228@163.com
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31271014, 11532004]; Key
Program of National Natural Science Foundation of CQ CSTC
[CSTC2015JCYJBX0003]; Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC
[CSTC2015JCYJA10031]; Scientific and Technological Research Program of
Chongqing Municipal Education Commission [KJ1501322]
FX Grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant
numbers: 31271014, 11532004; Grant sponsor: Key Program of National
Natural Science Foundation of CQ CSTC; Grant number: CSTC2015JCYJBX0003;
Grant sponsor: Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC; Grant
number: CSTC2015JCYJA10031; Grant sponsor: Scientific and Technological
Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission; Grant
number: KJ1501322.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0736-0266
EI 1554-527X
J9 J ORTHOP RES
JI J. Orthop. Res.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 34
IS 10
BP 1725
EP 1733
DI 10.1002/jor.23196
PG 9
WC Orthopedics
SC Orthopedics
GA DZ3KM
UT WOS:000385745500007
PM 26890302
ER
PT J
AU Catton, CA
Stierhoff, KL
Rogers-Bennett, L
AF Catton, Cynthia A.
Stierhoff, Kevin L.
Rogers-Bennett, Laura
TI POPULATION STATUS ASSESSMENT AND RESTORATION MODELING OF WHITE ABALONE
HALIOTIS SORENSENI IN CALIFORNIA
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Abalone Symposium
CY OCT 05-10, 2015
CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA
DE conservation; extinction; matrix model; recovery; Allee effect;
Critically Endangered; IUCN
ID MATRIX MODELS; RED ABALONE; GROWTH; SIZE; CONSERVATION; RUFESCENS;
MORTALITY; RECOVERY; BIOLOGY
AB White abalone Haliotis sorenseni was listed as endangered in 2001 because of severe declines throughout southern California due to overfishing. Populations continue to decline despite the closure of the fishery in 1996. There has been little to no evidence of recruitment in southern California from population surveys and in artificial reefs targeting white abalone recruitment since the listing of the species. A 13-y time series of white abalone abundance in prime habitat, surveyed with a remote-operated vehicle, was used in a population viability analysis to quantify: (1) the population decline and (2) the time to reach a quasiextinction threshold. The annual decline in the population is 12%, which is comparable to adult natural mortality rates for abalone species. The quasi-extinction threshold of 1,000 individuals is met within 15 y. These results confirm that the white abalone populations in southern California are at high risk of extinction, and highlight the importance of active stocking and restoration for the species. To inform restoration, a deterministic density-dependent size-based matrix model was developed to investigate different stocking scenarios, incorporating an innovative method for modeling low populations by setting the reproductive term as a function of adult density to mimic a reproductive Allee effect. A minimum density of 0.14 abalone/m(2) of stocked juveniles led to a maximum population growth rate (lambda) of more than or equal to 1 for the model population within 10 y but that recovery was poor (mean lambda(15-20) <= 1.0) over time if the level of juvenile stocking was less than 0.23 abalone/m(2) in the model population. The innovative approach of incorporating adult density into the reproductive term in the model quantitatively shows how low population densities can impact threatened and endangered species, and may be widely used for other species. These results can not only help guide stocking strategies but also allow for the quantitative evaluation of white abalone under the guidance of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, suggesting that white abalone should be considered Critically Endangered.
C1 [Catton, Cynthia A.; Rogers-Bennett, Laura] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.
[Catton, Cynthia A.; Rogers-Bennett, Laura] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.
[Stierhoff, Kevin L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Catton, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.; Catton, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, POB 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.
EM cynthia.catton@wildlife.ca.gov
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 12
U2 12
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
EI 1943-6319
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 35
IS 3
BP 593
EP 599
DI 10.2983/035.035.0304
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA EA3IR
UT WOS:000386496100004
ER
PT J
AU Simos, DE
Kuhn, R
Voyiatzis, AG
Kacker, R
AF Simos, Dimitris E.
Kuhn, Rick
Voyiatzis, Artemios G.
Kacker, Raghu
TI Combinatorial Methods in Security Testing
SO COMPUTER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
AB Combinatorial methods can make software security testing much more efficient and effective than conventional approaches.
C1 [Simos, Dimitris E.] SBA Res, Appl Discrete Math Informat Secur, Vienna, Austria.
[Simos, Dimitris E.] SBA Res, Combinatorial Secur Testing Team, Vienna, Austria.
[Kuhn, Rick] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Voyiatzis, Artemios G.] SBA Res, Networked Syst Secur, Vienna, Austria.
[Kacker, Raghu] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Simos, DE (reprint author), SBA Res, Appl Discrete Math Informat Secur, Vienna, Austria.; Simos, DE (reprint author), SBA Res, Combinatorial Secur Testing Team, Vienna, Austria.
EM dsimos@sba-research.org; kuhn@nist.gov; avoyiatzis@sba-research.org;
raghu.kacker@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0018-9162
EI 1558-0814
J9 COMPUTER
JI Computer
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 10
BP 80
EP 83
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA EA0BI
UT WOS:000386248500011
ER
PT J
AU Braud, I
Borga, M
Gourley, J
Hurlimann, M
Zappa, M
Gallart, F
AF Braud, Isabelle
Borga, Marco
Gourley, Jonathan
Hurlimann, Marcel
Zappa, Massimilano
Gallart, Francesc
TI Flash floods, hydro-geomorphic response and risk management
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID LIFE
C1 [Braud, Isabelle] Irstea, Hydrol Hydraul, HHLY, 5 Rue Doua,BP 32108, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
[Borga, Marco] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, I-35100 Padua, Italy.
[Gourley, Jonathan] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Hurlimann, Marcel] Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Div Geotech Engn & Geosci, Barcelona, Spain.
[Zappa, Massimilano] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Mt Hydrol & Mass Movements, Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Gallart, Francesc] CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA, Geosci Dept, Surface Hydrol & Eros Grp, Barcelona, Spain.
RP Braud, I (reprint author), Irstea, Hydrol Hydraul, HHLY, 5 Rue Doua,BP 32108, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
RI Borga, Marco/C-6697-2014; Zappa, Massimiliano/C-1205-2009;
OI Borga, Marco/0000-0003-3435-2779; Zappa,
Massimiliano/0000-0002-2837-8190; gallart, francesc/0000-0002-7050-2204;
Hurlimann, Marcel/0000-0003-0119-1438
NR 59
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 23
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 1
EP 5
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.08.005
PN A
PG 5
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, Y
Reed, S
Gourley, JJ
Cosgrove, B
Kitzmiller, D
Seo, DJ
Cifelli, R
AF Zhang, Yu
Reed, Sean
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Cosgrove, Brian
Kitzmiller, David
Seo, Dong-Jun
Cifelli, Robert
TI The impacts of climatological adjustment of quantitative precipitation
estimates on the accuracy of flash flood detection
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Flash flood; Precipitation; Hydrologic model; Detection
ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS; RAINFALL; RADAR
AB The multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (MQPEs) created by the US National Weather Service (NWS) are subject to a non-stationary bias. This paper quantifies the impacts of climatological adjustment of MQPEs alone, as well as the compound impacts of adjustment and model calibration, on the accuracy of simulated flood peak magnitude and that in detecting flood events. Our investigation is based on 19 watersheds in the mid-Atlantic region of US, which are grouped into small (<500 km(2)) and large (>500 km(2)) watersheds. NWS archival MQPEs over 1997-2013 for this region are adjusted to match concurrent gauge-based monthly precipitation accumulations. Then raw and adjusted MQPEs serve as inputs to the NWS distributed hydrologic model-threshold frequency framework (DHM-TF). Two experiments via DHM-TF are performed. The first one examines the impacts of adjustment alone through uncalibrated model simulations, whereas the second one focuses on the compound effects of adjustment and calibration on the detection of flood events. Uncalibrated model simulations show broad underestimation of flood peaks for small watersheds and overestimation those for large watersheds. Prior to calibration, adjustment alone tends to reduce the magnitude of simulated flood peaks for small and large basins alike, with 95% of all watersheds experienced decline over 2004-2013. A consequence is that a majority of small watersheds experience no improvement, or deterioration in bias (0% of basins experiencing improvement). By contrast, most (73%) of larger ones exhibit improved bias. Outcomes of the detection experiment show that the role of adjustment is not diminished by calibration for small watersheds, with only 25% of which exhibiting reduced bias after adjustment with calibrated parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that calibration is relatively effective in reducing false alarms (e.g., false alarm rate is down from 0.28 to 0.19 after calibration for small watersheds with calibrated parameters); but its impacts on detection rate are mixed. As an example, the detection rate of 2-Y events in fact declines for small watersheds after calibration is performed (from 0.4 to 0.28, and from 0.28 to 0.19 with raw and adjusted MQPE, respectively). These mixed outcomes underscore the complex interplays between errors in MQPEs, conditional bias in the reference gauge-based analysis, and structural deficiencies of the hydrologic model. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Zhang, Yu; Cosgrove, Brian; Kitzmiller, David] NOAA, Natl Water Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Reed, Sean] NOAA, Mid Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA USA.
[Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Water Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov
FU NOAA US Weather Research Program
FX This work was in part supported by the NOAA US Weather Research Program.
We would like to thank Zhengtao Cui for his generous support and
guidance on the implementation of RDHM. We also would like to
acknowledge David Welch at LMRFC, Reggina Cabrera at SERFC for valuable
insights and suggestions. Two anonymous reviewers provided detailed
comments which help greatly improve the quality of the paper, and their
contributions are duly noted here.
NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 387
EP 400
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.017
PN A
PG 14
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200030
ER
PT J
AU Nguyen, P
Thorstensen, A
Sorooshian, S
Hsu, KL
AghaKouchak, A
Sanders, B
Koren, V
Cui, ZT
Smith, M
AF Phu Nguyen
Thorstensen, Andrea
Sorooshian, Soroosh
Hsu, Kuolin
AghaKouchak, Amir
Sanders, Brett
Koren, Victor
Cui, Zhengtao
Smith, Michael
TI A high resolution coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model (HiResFlood-UCI)
for flash flood modeling
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Flash flood; HiResFlood-UCI; HL-RDHM; BreZo; Coupled
hydrologic-hydraulic model; Distributed model
ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; OKLAHOMA EXPERIMENTS;
EXPERIMENT DESIGN; INUNDATION; SIMULATION; MOTIVATION; ALGORITHM;
SYSTEM; DMIP
AB HiResFlood-UCI was developed by coupling the NWS's hydrologic model (HL-RDHM) with the hydraulic model (BreZo) for flash flood modeling at decameter resolutions. The coupled model uses HL-RDHM as a rainfall-runoff generator and replaces the routing scheme of HL-RDHM with the 2D hydraulic model (BreZo) in order to predict localized flood depths and velocities. A semi-automated technique of unstructured mesh generation was developed to cluster an adequate density of computational cells along river channels such that numerical errors are negligible compared with other sources of error, while ensuring that computational costs of the hydraulic model are kept to a bare minimum. HiResFlood-UCI was implemented for a watershed (ELDO2) in the DMIP2 experiment domain in Oklahoma. Using synthetic precipitation input, the model was tested for various components including HL-RDHM parameters (a priori versus calibrated), channel and floodplain Manning n values, DEM resolution (10 m versus 30 m) and computation mesh resolution (10 m+ versus 30 m+). Simulations with calibrated versus a priori parameters of HL-RDHM show that HiResFlood-UCI produces reasonable results with the a priori parameters from NWS. Sensitivities to hydraulic model resistance parameters, mesh resolution and DEM resolution are also identified, pointing to the importance of model calibration and validation for accurate prediction of localized flood intensities. HiResFlood-UCI performance was examined using 6 measured precipitation events as model input for model calibration and validation of the streamflow at the outlet. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) obtained ranges from 0.588 to 0.905. The model was also validated for the flooded map using USGS observed water level at an interior point. The predicted flood stage error is 0.82 m or less, based on a comparison to measured stage. Validation of stage and discharge predictions builds confidence in model predictions of flood extent and localized velocities, which are fundamental to reliable flash flood warning. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Phu Nguyen; Thorstensen, Andrea; Sorooshian, Soroosh; Hsu, Kuolin; AghaKouchak, Amir; Sanders, Brett] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA USA.
[Koren, Victor; Cui, Zhengtao; Smith, Michael] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Hydrol Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Cui, Zhengtao] Lentech Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA.
[Phu Nguyen] Nong Lam Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
RP Nguyen, P (reprint author), Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E-4130 Engn Gateway,OFF EH 5308,Mail Code 2175, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM ndphu@uci.edu
RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008;
OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Nguyen, Phu/0000-0002-9055-2583
FU NOAA Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) National Weather Service
(NWS) student research fellowship; Department of Defense (DoD) through
the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG)
Program; Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS); Army
Research Office - United States [W911NF-11-1-0422]; Vietnamese
International Education Development program; University of California,
Irvine Chancellor Club for Excellence Fellowship; National Science
Foundation
FX This research was supported by NOAA Office of Hydrologic Development
(OHD) National Weather Service (NWS) student research fellowship, and
the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science &
Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. This work was also
supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS)
and the Army Research Office - United States (Award W911NF-11-1-0422).
The first author was financially supported by the Vietnamese
International Education Development program and the University of
California, Irvine Chancellor Club for Excellence Fellowship while
conducting this research. We would like to acknowledge high-performance
computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by
NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by
the National Science Foundation.
NR 46
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 11
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 401
EP 420
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.047
PN A
PG 20
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200031
ER
PT J
AU Vergara, H
Kirstetter, PE
Gourley, JJ
Flamig, ZL
Hong, Y
Arthur, A
Kolar, R
AF Vergara, Humberto
Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Flamig, Zachary L.
Hong, Yang
Arthur, Ami
Kolar, Randall
TI Estimating a-priori kinematic wave model parameters based on
regionalization for flash flood forecasting in the Conterminous United
States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Kinematic wave routing; Ungauged prediction; Regionalization; Fluvial
hydraulics; Multi-dimensional analysis; Large sample hydrology
ID MOISTURE ACCOUNTING MODEL; UNGAUGED BASINS; RUNOFF MODEL; HYDROLOGY;
APPROXIMATION; OPTIMIZATION; CALIBRATION; BEDROCK; FUTURE; SCALE
AB This study presents a methodology for the estimation of a-priori parameters of the widely used kinematic wave approximation to the unsteady, 1-D Saint-Venant equations for hydrologic flow routing. The approach is based on a multi-dimensional statistical modeling of the macro scale spatial variability of rating curve parameters using a set of geophysical factors including geomorphology, hydro-climatology and land cover/land use over the Conterminous United States. The main goal of this study was to enable prediction at ungauged locations through regionalization of model parameters. The results highlight the importance of regional and local geophysical factors in uniquely defining characteristics of each stream reach conforming to physical theory of fluvial hydraulics. The application of the estimates is demonstrated through a hydrologic modeling evaluation of a deterministic forecasting system performed on 1672 gauged basins and 47,563 events extracted from a 10-year simulation. Considering the mean concentration time of the basins of the study and the target application on flash flood forecasting, the skill of the flow routing simulations is significantly high for peakflow and timing of peakflow estimation, and shows consistency as indicated by the large sample verification. The resulting a-priori estimates can be used in any hydrologic model that employs the kinematic wave model for flow routing. Furthermore, probabilistic estimates of kinematic wave parameters are enabled based on uncertainty information that is generated during the multi-dimensional statistical modeling. More importantly, the methodology presented in this study enables the estimation of the kinematic wave model parameters anywhere over the globe, thus allowing flood modeling in ungauged basins at regional to global scales. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Vergara, Humberto; Flamig, Zachary L.; Arthur, Ami] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Vergara, Humberto; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Arthur, Ami] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Vergara, Humberto; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Flamig, Zachary L.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Vergara, Humberto; Hong, Yang; Kolar, Randall] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Vergara, H (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd Ste 4730, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM humber@ou.edu
RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009
OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X
FU Disaster Relief Appropriations Act [P.L. 113-2]; NOAA [NA140AR4830100];
HyDROS Lab of National Weather Center, Norman, OK, United States of
America
FX Some of the computing for this project was performed at the OU
Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) at the University
of Oklahoma (OU) in the United States of America. This work was
supported by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (P.L.
113-2), which funded NOAA research grant NA140AR4830100 and partial
support from HyDROS Lab of National Weather Center, Norman, OK, United
States of America.
NR 65
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 10
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 421
EP 433
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.011
PN A
PG 13
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200032
ER
PT J
AU Tao, J
Wu, D
Gourley, J
Zhang, SQ
Crow, W
Peters-Lidard, C
Barros, AP
AF Tao, Jing
Wu, Di
Gourley, Jonathan
Zhang, Sara Q.
Crow, Wade
Peters-Lidard, Christa
Barros, Ana P.
TI Operational hydrological forecasting during the IPHEx-IOP campaign -
Meet the challenge
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx); Operational
flood forecasts; Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (QPE); Quantitative
Precipitation Forecast (QPF); Data assimilation; Duke Coupled
surface-groundwater; Hydrology Model (DCHM)
ID OBSERVING SYSTEM SIMULATION; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEMS; SNOW MICROWAVE
EMISSIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; FLOOD ALERT SYSTEM; MEDIUM-SIZE
BASIN; X-BAND RADAR; MAP D-PHASE; FLASH-FLOOD; SOIL-MOISTURE
AB An operational streamflow forecasting testbed was implemented during the Intense Observing Period (IOP) of the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx-IOP) in May-June 2014 to characterize flood predictability in complex terrain. Specifically, hydrological forecasts were issued daily for 12 headwater catchments in the Southern Appalachians using the Duke Coupled surface-groundwater Hydrology Model (DCHM) forced by hourly atmospheric fields and QPFs (Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts) produced by the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) model. Previous day hindcasts forced by radar-based QPEs (Quantitative Precipitation Estimates) were used to provide initial conditions for present day forecasts. This manuscript first describes the operational testbed framework and workflow during the IPHEx-IOP including a synthesis of results. Second, various data assimilation approaches are explored a posteriori (post-IOP) to improve operational (flash) flood forecasting. Although all flood events during the MP were predicted by the IPHEx operational testbed with lead times of up to 6 h, significant errors of over-and, or under-prediction were identified that could be traced back to the QPFs and subgrid-scale variability of radar QPEs. To improve operational flood prediction, three data-merging strategies were pursued post-IOP: (1) the spatial patterns of QPFs were improved through assimilation of satellite-based microwave radiances into NU-WRF; (2) QPEs were improved by merging raingauge observations with ground-based radar observations using bias correction methods to produce streamflow hindcasts and associated uncertainty envelope capturing the streamflow observations, and (3) river discharge observations were assimilated into the DCHM to improve streamflow forecasts using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), the fixed-lag Ensemble Kalman Smoother (EnKS), and the Asynchronous EnKF (i.e. AEnKF) methods. Both flood hindcasts and forecasts were significantly improved by assimilating discharge observations into the DCHM. Specifically, Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) values as high as 0.98, 0.71 and 0.99 at 15-min time-scales were attained for three headwater catchments in the inner mountain region demonstrating that the assimilation of discharge observations at the basin's outlet can reduce the errors and uncertainties in soil moisture at very small scales. Success in operational flood forecasting at lead times of 6, 9, 12 and 15 h was also achieved through discharge assimilation with NSEs of 0.87, 0.78, 0.72 and 0.51, respectively. Analysis of experiments using various data assimilation system configurations indicates that the optimal assimilation time window depends both on basin properties and storm-specific space-time-structure of rainfall, and therefore adaptive, context-aware configurations of the data assimilation system are recommended to address the challenges of flood prediction in headwater basins. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tao, Jing; Barros, Ana P.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
[Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, GSFC, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Wu, Di; Zhang, Sara Q.] NASA, GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Wu, Di; Zhang, Sara Q.] SAIC, Mclean, VA USA.
[Crow, Wade] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA.
RP Barros, AP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
EM barros@duke.edu
RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Barros, Ana/A-3562-2011
OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Barros,
Ana/0000-0003-4606-3106
FU NASA's Precipitation Measurement Missions Program; GPM Ground Validation
[NNX14AE71G]
FX This work was supported by NASA's Precipitation Measurement Missions
Program and GPM Ground Validation (Grant Number NNX14AE71G with Ana
Barros, the corresponding author). The first author was a Ph.D. student
at Duke University in the Barros group, and now is at the Earth System
Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) of the University of Maryland.
Barros group members Miguel Nogueira, Lauren Lowman, and Yajuan (Viola)
Duan downloaded precipitation and discharge data, and helped with down
scaling precipitation and analysis during the IPHEx-IOP. Di Wu and
Christa Peters-Lidard provided the NU-WRF forecasting fields including
QPFs for the entire IOP. Sara Zhang conducted the NU-WRF data
assimilation simulations for the May 15th event. Jonathan Gourley
facilitated access to the Q3 data and provided the NOXP QPEs. We thank
Manos Anagnostou's group at University of Connecticut for their valuable
input, and all participants in the 'GPM-GV Real-time IPHEx Hydrological
Modeling Email List' for their participation.
NR 147
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 434
EP 456
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.019
PN A
PG 23
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200033
ER
PT J
AU Hardy, J
Gourley, JJ
Kirstetter, PE
Hong, Y
Kong, FY
Flamig, ZL
AF Hardy, Jill
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel
Hong, Yang
Kong, Fanyou
Flamig, Zachary L.
TI A method for probabilistic flash flood forecasting
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Flash flood; Probabilistic; NWP; Distributed modeling
ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; VERIFICATION METHODS; MODEL;
ENSEMBLE; SAL; PREDICTION; GUIDANCE; SYSTEM; LIMITS; SKILL
AB Flash flooding is one of the most costly and deadly natural hazards in the United States and across the globe. This study advances the use of high-resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) for flash flood forecasting. The QPFs are derived from a stormscale ensemble prediction system, and used within a distributed hydrological model framework to yield basin-specific, probabilistic flash flood forecasts (PFFFs). Before creating the PFFFs, it is important to characterize QPF uncertainty, particularly in terms of location which is the most problematic for hydrological use of QPFs. The SAL methodology (Wernli et al., 2008), which stands for structure, amplitude, and location, is used for this error quantification, with a focus on location. Finally, the PFFF methodology is proposed that produces probabilistic hydrological forecasts. The main advantages of this method are: (1) identifying specific basin scales that are forecast to be impacted by flash flooding; (2) yielding probabilistic information about the forecast hydrologic response that accounts for the locational uncertainties of the QPFs; (3) improving lead time by using stormscale NWP ensemble forecasts; and (4) not requiring multiple simulations, which are computationally demanding. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hardy, Jill] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Flamig, Zachary L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Adv Radar Res Ctr, NOAA,Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Hardy, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jill.hardy@ou.edu; jj.gourley@noaa.gov; pierre.kirstetter@noaa.gov;
yanghong@ou.edu; fkong@ou.edu; zac.flamig@noaa.gov
RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009
OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship
[DGE-1102691]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the
NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA110AR4320072]; U.S.
Department of Commerce
FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Science
Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No.
DGE-1102691. Partial funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic
and Atmospheric Research under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma
Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Thank you to the University of Oklahoma (OU) and NOAA/National Severe
Storms Laboratory (NOAA/NSSL) for providing the facilities, technical,
and data support necessary to complete this work. We also thank OU for
providing the CAPS ensemble dataset, the National Centers for
Environmental Prediction for the Stage-IV observational precipitation
dataset, and Pennsylvania State University for the soil dataset.
Finally, thank you to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful
comments, as well as the editor, for helping to improve this manuscript.
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PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 480
EP 494
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.04.007
PN A
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200036
ER
PT J
AU Schroeder, AJ
Gourley, JJ
Hardy, J
Henderson, JJ
Parhi, P
Rahmani, V
Reed, KA
Schumacher, RS
Smith, BK
Taraldsen, MJ
AF Schroeder, Amanda J.
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Hardy, Jill
Henderson, Jen J.
Parhi, Pradipta
Rahmani, Vahid
Reed, Kimberly A.
Schumacher, Russ S.
Smith, Brianne K.
Taraldsen, Matthew J.
TI The development of a flash flood severity index
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Flash flood; Severity scale; Extreme weather
ID INTENSE PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; VULNERABILITY
AB 5 Flash flooding is a high impact weather event that requires clear communication regarding severity and potential hazards among forecasters, researchers, emergency managers, and the general public. Current standards used to communicate these characteristics include return periods and the United States (U.S.) National Weather Service (NWS) 4-tiered river flooding severity scale. Return periods are largely misunderstood, and the NWS scale is limited to flooding on gauged streams and rivers, often leaving out heavily populated urban corridors. To address these shortcomings, a student-led group of interdisciplinary researchers came together in a collaborative effort to develop an impact-based Flash Flood Severity Index (FFSI). The index was proposed as a damage-based, post-event assessment tool, and preliminary work toward the creation of this index has been completed and presented here. Numerous case studies were analyzed to develop the preliminary outline for the FFSI, and three examples of such cases are included in this paper. The scale includes five impact-based categories ranging from Category 1 very minor flooding to Category 5 catastrophic flooding. Along with the numerous case studies used to develop the initial outline of the scale, empirical data in the form of semi-structured interviews were conducted with multiple NWS forecasters across the country and their responses were analyzed to gain more perspective on the complicated nature of flash flood definitions and which tools were found to be most useful. The feedback from these interviews suggests the potential for acceptance of such an index if it can account for specific challenges. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Schroeder, Amanda J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 3401 Northern Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Hardy, Jill] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Henderson, Jen J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Parhi, Pradipta] Columbia Univ, Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA.
[Rahmani, Vahid] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
[Reed, Kimberly A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA.
[Schumacher, Russ S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Smith, Brianne K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Taraldsen, Matthew J.] Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Div, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM amanda.schroeder@noaa.gov; jj.gourley@noaa.gov
RI Schumacher, Russ/A-9979-2009
OI Schumacher, Russ/0000-0002-4404-3104
FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1157425]; Princeton Environmental
Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69
Research Fund; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
[DGE-1102691]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA11OAR4320072]
FX This research was partially supported by National Science Foundation
grant AGS-1157425. The Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton
University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund provided
funding for the ninth co-author (B. Smith). The third co-author (J.
Hardy) was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate
Research Fellowship Program under Grant no. DGE-1102691. Partial funding
for the tenth author was provided by NOAA-University of Oklahoma
Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The
authors would like to acknowledge all who participated in the SPREAD
workshops for their contributions to the discussions that formed the
FFSI project. Additionally, the authors would like to thank all the
interview participants for contributing their time, and the NSSL Deputy
Director, Lans Rothfusz, for input early in the development process.
Comments from an anonymous reviewer and Dr. Massimiliano Zappa improved
the quality of the manuscript. Their time and attention to the review
process is greatly appreciated.
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PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
SI SI
BP 523
EP 532
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.04.005
PN A
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2KM
UT WOS:000386421200039
ER
PT J
AU Lima, CHR
Lall, U
Troy, T
Devineni, N
AF Lima, Carlos H. R.
Lall, Upmanu
Troy, Tara
Devineni, Naresh
TI A hierarchical Bayesian GEV model for improving local and regional flood
quantile estimates
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Floods; GEV distribution; Hierarchical Bayesian; Regional flood
frequency analysis; Scaling
ID GENERALIZED LEAST-SQUARES; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; ANNUAL MAXIMUM;
HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES; CHANGING CLIMATE; UNGAUGED SITES; FRAMEWORK;
STATISTICS; RAINFALL; WINBUGS
AB We estimate local and regional Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution parameters for flood frequency analysis in a multilevel, hierarchical Bayesian framework, to explicitly model and reduce uncertainties. As prior information for the model, we assume that the GEV location and scale parameters for each site come from independent log-normal distributions, whose mean parameter scales with the drainage area. From empirical and theoretical arguments, the shape parameter for each site is shrunk towards a common mean. Non-informative prior distributions are assumed for the hyperparameters and the MCMC method is used to sample from the joint posterior distribution. The model is tested using annual maximum series from 20 streamflow gauges located in an 83,000 km(2) flood prone basin in Southeast Brazil. The results show a significant reduction of uncertainty estimates of flood quantile estimates over the traditional GEV model, particularly for sites with shorter records. For return periods within the range of the data (around 50 years), the Bayesian credible intervals for the flood quantiles tend to be narrower than the classical confidence limits based on the delta method. As the return period increases beyond the range of the data, the confidence limits from the delta method become unreliable and the Bayesian credible intervals provide a way to estimate satisfactory confidence bands for the flood quantiles considering parameter uncertainties and regional information. In order to evaluate the applicability of the proposed hierarchical Bayesian model for regional flood frequency analysis, we estimate flood quantiles for three randomly chosen out-of-sample sites and compare with classical estimates using the index flood method. The posterior distributions of the scaling law coefficients are used to define the predictive distributions of the GEV location and scale parameters for the out-of-sample sites given only their drainage areas and the posterior distribution of the average shape parameter is taken as the regional predictive distribution for this parameter. While the index flood method does not provide a straightforward way to consider the uncertainties in the index flood and in the regional parameters, the results obtained here show that the proposed Bayesian method is able to produce adequate credible intervals for flood quantiles that are in accordance with empirical estimates. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lima, Carlos H. R.] Univ Brasilia, Civil & Environm Engn, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
[Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA.
[Troy, Tara] Lehigh Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Devineni, Naresh] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Lima, CHR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM chrlima@unb.br; ula2@columbia.edu; tara.troy@lehigh.edu;
ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu
FU AIG Insurance; Brazilian Government Agency CNPq (Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)
FX We thank ANA for making the streamflow data available. This work was
partially funding by AIG Insurance. The first author acknowledges a
Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Brazilian Government Agency CNPq
(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) during
part of this work. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for the
insightful comments that greatly improved the original manuscript.
NR 60
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PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
BP 816
EP 823
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.042
PN B
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2GI
UT WOS:000386410400012
ER
PT J
AU Chen, S
Hong, Y
Kulie, M
Behrangi, A
Stepanian, PM
Cao, Q
You, YL
Zhang, J
Hu, JJ
Zhang, XH
AF Chen, Sheng
Hong, Yang
Kulie, Mark
Behrangi, Ali
Stepanian, Phillip M.
Cao, Qing
You, Yalei
Zhang, Jian
Hu, Junjun
Zhang, Xinhua
TI Comparison of snowfall estimates from the NASA CloudSat Cloud Profiling
Radar and NOAA/NSSL Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CloudSat; NEXRAD; Radar; Snowfall
ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; REAL-TIME ALGORITHM; QPE ERRORS;
PRECIPITATION; PRODUCT
AB The latest global snowfall product derived from the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (2C-SNOW-PROFILE) is compared with NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory's Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS/Q3) system precipitation products from 2009 through 2010. The results show that: (1) Compared to Q3, CloudSat tends to observe more extremely light snowfall events (<0.2 mm/h) and snowfall rate (SR) between 0.6 to 1 mm/h, and detects less snowfall events with SR between 0.2-0.5 mm/h. (2) CloudSat identifies 69.40% of snowfall events detected by Q3 as certain snow and 10% as certain mixed. When possible snow, possible mixed, and certain mixed precipitation categories are assumed to be snowfall events, CloudSat has a high snowfall POD (86.10%). (3) CloudSat shows less certain snow precipitation than Q3 by 26.13% with a low correlation coefficient (0.41) with Q3 and a high RMSE (0.6 mm/h). (4) With Q3 as reference, CloudSat underestimates (overestimates) certain snowfall when the bin height of detected snowfall events are below (above) 3 km, and generally overestimates light snowfall (<1 mm/h) by 7.53%, and underestimates moderate snowfall (1-2.5 mm/h) by 42.33% and heavy snowfall (>= 2.5 mm/h) by 68.73%. (5) The bin heights of most (99.41%) CloudSat surface snowfall events are >1 km high above the surface, whereas 76.41% of corresponding Q3 observations are low below 1 km to the near ground surface. This analysis will provide helpful reference for CloudSat snowfall estimation algorithm developers and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) snowfall product developers to understand and quantify the strengths and weaknesses of remote sensing techniques and precipitation estimation products. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Sheng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, 135 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Chen, Sheng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Climate Change & Nat Disas, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Hong, Yang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Kulie, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
[Kulie, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
[Behrangi, Ali] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Stepanian, Phillip M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Res & Innovat Div, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[You, Yalei] CMNS Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, M Sq Res Pk, MD USA.
[Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Zhang, Xinhua] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
RP Chen, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, 135 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.; Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM chenshengbj@gmail.com; yanghong@ou.edu
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X
FU Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (HyDROS) Laboratory at The
University of Oklahoma; National Natural Science Foundation of China
[41361022, 41171020]; Open Fund from State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics
and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University [SKHL1310, SKHL1501];
NASA New Investigator Program (NIP) award; NASA Energy and Water Cycle
Study (NEWS) award
FX This work was supported in part by the Hydrometeorology and Remote
Sensing (HyDROS) Laboratory at The University of Oklahoma, in part by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41361022 and No.
41171020), the Open Fund from State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and
Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (No. SKHL1310 and No.
SKHL1501). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A.B. was supported by
NASA New Investigator Program (NIP) and Energy and Water Cycle Study
(NEWS) awards. Thanks are given to Youcun Qi from NOAA/NSSL for his
great help in VPR analysis during revision process, to Dr. Benjamin
Johnson from Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center for his constructive advice for this paper in early
version, and to Mr. Nicholas Carr from The University of Oklahoma for
assistant proofreading early versions of this manuscript.
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SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 541
BP 862
EP 872
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.047
PN B
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA EA2GI
UT WOS:000386410400016
ER
PT J
AU Portela, E
Beier, E
Barton, ED
Castro, R
Godinez, V
Palacios-Hernandez, E
Fiedler, PC
Sanchez-Velasco, L
Trasvina, A
AF Portela, Esther
Beier, Emilio
Barton, Eric D.
Castro, Ruben
Godinez, Victor
Palacios-Hernandez, Emilio
Fiedler, Paul C.
Sanchez-Velasco, Laura
Trasvina, Armando
TI Water Masses and Circulation in the Tropical Pacific off Central Mexico
and Surrounding Areas
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; THERMOHALINE VARIABILITY; NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC;
OCEAN; SALINITY; ZONE
AB The seasonal variations and the interactions of the water masses in the tropical Pacific off central Mexico (TPCM) and four surrounding areas were examined based on an extensive new hydrographic database. The regional water masses were redefined in terms of absolute salinity (S-A) and conservative temperature (Theta) according to the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10). Hydrographic data and the evaporation-minus (precipitation + runoff) balance were used to investigate the origin and seasonality of two salinity minima in the area. The shallow(50-100 m) salinity minimum originates with the California Current System and becomes saltier as it extends southeastward and mixes with tropical subsurface waters while the surface salinity minimum extends farther north in the TPCM in summer and fall because of the northward advection of tropical surface waters. The interactions between water masses allow a characterization of the seasonal pattern of circulation of the Mexican Coastal Current (MCC), the tropical branch of the California Current, and the flows through the entrance of the Gulf of California. The seasonality of the MCC inferred from the distribution of the water masses largely coincides with the geostrophic circulation forced by an annual Rossby wave.
C1 [Portela, Esther; Godinez, Victor] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Fis, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.
[Beier, Emilio; Trasvina, Armando] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Unidad La Paz, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico.
[Barton, Eric D.] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
[Castro, Ruben] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
[Palacios-Hernandez, Emilio] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Phys, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
[Fiedler, Paul C.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Sanchez-Velasco, Laura] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, La Paz, Mexico.
RP Portela, E (reprint author), Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Fis, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.
EM estherinhabajoelmar@gmail.com
OI Godinez, Victor M./0000-0002-6141-2012
FU project CONACyT [SEP2011-168034-T]; CONACyT Projects [168034-T, T-9201,
4271P-T, 38797-T, 26653-T, 1076-T9201, 4271PT9601, C01-25343, 38834-T,
C02-44870F, G34601-S, 103898]; Naval Postgraduate School; NOC-US; NOAA
[GC04-219]; UABC [4009, 4015, 0324, 0333, 0352]; CONACyT, Mexico
[1329234]
FX Data supporting this work are available upon request from Emilio Beier
(ebeier@cicese.mx), Laura Sanchez Velasco (lsvelasc@gmail.com), Ruben
Castro (rcastro@uabc.edu.mx), Emilio Palacios Hernandez
(emilio6x111@yahoo.com), Armando Trasvina (atrasvina@gmail.com), and
Paul Fiedler (Paul.Fiedler@noaa.gov). This is a product of the project
CONACyT (SEP2011-168034-T), with collaboration from the following
sources: CONACyT Projects 168034-T, T-9201, 4271P-T, 38797-T, 26653-T,
1076-T9201, 4271PT9601, C01-25343; 38834-T, C02-44870F, G34601-S, and
103898; Naval Postgraduate School; NOC-US; NOAA (GC04-219); and the
regular UABC budget through Projects 4009, 4015, 0324, 0333, and 0352.
Funding came from CONACyT, Mexico through the Grant 1329234 for the
Ph.D. studies of Esther Portela. We thank the NOAA/National Marine
Fisheries Service/Southwest Fisheries Science Center, which provided CTD
and thermosalinograph data as described by Philbrick et al. (2001). We
thank Jessica Redfern (NOAA) for her contribution and Mario Pardo
(CICESE-ULP) for his review of the manuscript.
NR 36
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PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 46
IS 10
BP 3069
EP 3081
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0068.1
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA1CL
UT WOS:000386330000007
ER
PT J
AU Barnes, G
Leka, KD
Schrijver, CJ
Colak, T
Qahwaji, R
Ashamari, OW
Yuan, Y
Zhang, J
McAteer, RTJ
Bloomfield, DS
Higgins, PA
Gallagher, PT
Falconer, DA
Georgoulis, MK
Wheatland, MS
Balch, C
Dunn, T
Wagner, EL
AF Barnes, G.
Leka, K. D.
Schrijver, C. J.
Colak, T.
Qahwaji, R.
Ashamari, O. W.
Yuan, Y.
Zhang, J.
McAteer, R. T. J.
Bloomfield, D. S.
Higgins, P. A.
Gallagher, P. T.
Falconer, D. A.
Georgoulis, M. K.
Wheatland, M. S.
Balch, C.
Dunn, T.
Wagner, E. L.
TI A COMPARISON OF FLARE FORECASTING METHODS. I. RESULTS FROM THE
"ALL-CLEAR" WORKSHOP
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE methods; statistical - Sun; flares - Sun; magnetic fields Supporting
material; tar.gz files
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD PROPERTIES; SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; MICHELSON DOPPLER
IMAGER; SUNSPOT-GROUPS; ERUPTIVE EVENTS; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION;
PRODUCTIVITY; NONPOTENTIALITY; MAGNETOGRAMS
AB Solar flares produce radiation that can have an almost immediate effect on the near-Earth environment, making it crucial to forecast flares in order to mitigate their negative effects. The number of published approaches to flare forecasting using photospheric magnetic field observations has proliferated, with varying claims about how well each works. Because of the different analysis techniques and data sets used, it is essentially impossible to compare the results from the literature. This problem is exacerbated by the low event rates of large solar flares. The challenges of forecasting rare events have long been recognized in the meteorology community, but have yet to be fully acknowledged by the space weather community. During the interagency workshop on "all clear" forecasts held in Boulder, CO in 2009, the performance of a number of existing algorithms was compared on common data sets, specifically line-of-sight magnetic field and continuum intensity images from the Michelson Doppler Imager, with consistent definitions of what constitutes an event. We demonstrate the importance of making such systematic comparisons, and of using standard verification statistics to determine what constitutes a good prediction scheme. When a comparison was made in this fashion, no one method clearly outperformed all others, which may in part be due to the strong correlations among the parameters used by different methods to characterize an active region. For M-class flares and above, the set of methods tends toward a weakly positive skill score (as measured with several distinct metrics), with no participating method proving substantially better than climatological forecasts.
C1 [Barnes, G.; Leka, K. D.; Dunn, T.; Wagner, E. L.] NWRA, 3380 Mitchell Ln, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Schrijver, C. J.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, 3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Colak, T.; Qahwaji, R.; Ashamari, O. W.] Univ Bradford, Sch Comp Informat & Media, Bradford, W Yorkshire, England.
[Yuan, Y.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Space Weather Res Lab, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Zhang, J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[McAteer, R. T. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, POB 30001,MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Bloomfield, D. S.; Higgins, P. A.; Gallagher, P. T.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Astrophys Res Grp, Dublin 2, Ireland.
[Falconer, D. A.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys & Planetary Sci Off, ZP13, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Falconer, D. A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Falconer, D. A.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Georgoulis, M. K.] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Astron & Appl Math, 4 Soranou Efesiou St, Athens 11527, Greece.
[Wheatland, M. S.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Balch, C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway Ave, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bloomfield, D. S.] Northumbria Univ, Dept Math Phys & Elect Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England.
RP Barnes, G (reprint author), NWRA, 3380 Mitchell Ln, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM graham@nwra.com; leka@nwra.com; schrijver@lmsal.com;
Tufancolak@hotmail.com; s.r.qahwaji@bradford.ac.uk;
omarashamari@gmail.com; yy46@njit.edu; jzhang7@gmu.edu;
mcateer@nmsu.edu; shaun.bloomfield@northumbria.ac.uk;
pohuigin@gmail.com; peter.gallagher@tcd.ie; david.a.falconer@nasa.gov;
Manolis.Georgoulis@academyofathens.gr; michael.wheatland@sydney.edu.au;
Christopher.Balch@noaa.gov; tdunn@nwra.com; wagneric@nwra.com
OI Barnes, Graham/0000-0003-3571-8728; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400
FU NASA/Johnson Space Flight Center's Space Radiation Analysis Group;
National Center for Atmospheric Research; NOAA/Space Weather Prediction
Center; NSF [NSWP 0519107, AGS-1255024]; European Space Agency PRODEX
Programme; European Union [640216]; ESA [4000111994/14/D/MPR]; National
Science Foundation [ATM 09-36665, ATM 07-16950, ATM-0745744]; NASA
[NNX0-7AH78G, NNXO-8AQ90G]; NMSU
FX This work is the outcome of many collaborative and cooperative efforts.
The 2009 "Forecasting the All-Clear" Workshop in Boulder, CO was
sponsored by NASA/Johnson Space Flight Center's Space Radiation Analysis
Group, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the NOAA/Space
Weather Prediction Center, with additional travel support for
participating scientists from NASA LWS TRT NNH09CE72C to NWRA. The
authors thank the participants of that workshop, in particular Drs. Neal
Zapp, Dan Fry, Doug Biesecker, for the informative discussions during
those three days, and NCAR's Susan Baltuch and NWRA's Janet Biggs for
organizational prowess. Workshop preparation and analysis support was
provided for GB, KDL by NASA LWS TRT NNH09CE72C, NASA Heliophysics GI
NNH12CG10C, and NSF award NSWP 0519107. PAH and DSB received funding
from the European Space Agency PRODEX Programme, while DSB and MKG also
received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme under grant agreement No. 640216 (FLARECAST
project). MKG also acknowledges research performed under the A-EFFort
project and subsequent service implementation, supported under ESA
Contract number 4000111994/14/D/MPR. YY was supported by the National
Science Foundation under grants ATM 09-36665, ATM 07-16950, ATM-0745744
and by NASA under grants NNX0-7AH78G, NNXO-8AQ90G. YY owes his deepest
gratitude to his advisers Professor Frank Y. Shih, Professor Haimin Wang
and Professor Ju Jing for long discussions, for reading previous drafts
of his work and providing many valuable comments that improved the
presentation and contents of this work. JMA was supported by NSF Career
Grant AGS-1255024 and by a NMSU Vice President for Research
Interdisciplinary Research Grant.
NR 67
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD OCT 1
PY 2016
VL 829
IS 2
AR 89
DI 10.3847/0004-637X/829/2/89
PG 32
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DY8JX
UT WOS:000385377200031
ER
PT J
AU Koehn, LE
Hard, JJ
Akst, EP
Boersma, PD
AF Koehn, Laura E.
Hard, Jeffrey J.
Akst, Elaine P.
Boersma, P. Dee
TI Natural selection on morphology varies among years and by sex in
Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus)
SO AUK
LA English
DT Article
DE animal model; heritability; Magellanic Penguins; morphology; natural
selection; reproductive success
ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DARWINS FINCHES; BODY-SIZE; SEVERE WEATHER; TARSUS
LENGTH; ANIMAL-MODEL; EGG-SIZE; HERITABILITY; TRAITS; DIMORPHISM
AB The evolution of morphology in a population reflects several factors, including the influence of environmental variability on natural selection. We estimated natural selection on, and heritability of, 4 individual morphological traits (bill length, bill depth, flipper length, and foot length) and 2 multivariate morphological traits in adult Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Punta Tombo, Argentina, from 1983 to 2010. We estimated heritability of morphology with parent-offspring regression and animal models, conditioning on sex because the species is sexually dimorphic. For the analysis of selection on each trait, we estimated both linear and quadratic selection gradients, based on the number of fledglings produced, for breeding males and females in each year. Estimates from animal models indicated that all 6 traits were heritable; in parent-offspring regressions, corresponding heritabilities were significantly higher in sons than in daughters in 100% of tests. Over 28 yr, we detected no selection in 21 yr for males and in 21 yr for females. For the years in which we did detect selection, the direction and intensity of selection on traits varied, being especially variable for females. We detected selection on primarily multivariate body size but also on male bill sizes and female bill and foot lengths. Selection on male flipper and foot lengths and on female bill depth was detectable only in relation to selection on body size. When there was selection in males, selection on body and bill sizes was mainly toward larger sizes and occurred in 4 of 6 yr with high chick starvation. The absence of detectable selection on morphology in most years suggests that it is not tightly linked to fitness and that the dynamic environment where Magellanic Penguins live helps maintain morphological variation. The temporal variability in selection likely fosters stability of morphology through time, a pattern that might not be evident in short-term studies.
C1 [Koehn, Laura E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Koehn, Laura E.; Boersma, P. Dee] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Akst, Elaine P.; Boersma, P. Dee] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA.
[Akst, Elaine P.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Mol Genet Lab, Washington, DC USA.
RP Koehn, LE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Koehn, LE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM laura.koehn216@gmail.com
FU WCS; Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation; ExxonMobil Foundation;
Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; National Geographic Society; Chase
foundation; Cunningham foundation; CGMK foundation; Offield foundation;
Peach foundation; Thorne foundation; Tortuga foundation; Kellogg
foundation; Wadsworth Endowed Chair in Conservation Science at the
University of Washington; Friends of the Penguins; National Science
Foundation (NSF) Graduate Fellowship; Smithsonian Institution; NSF
Research Training Grant
FX Data were collected under a joint agreement between the Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS) and the Office of Tourism, Province of
Chubut, Argentina, since 1982. We thank the Province of Chubut and the
La Regina family for logistical support and access to the penguin
colony, and the many students and field volunteers who collected data
over the years. P. Garcia Borboroglu, W. Conway, G. Harris, and P.
Harris facilitated the research and helped with permits. Research
funding for our dataset includes WCS; Pew Fellows Program in Marine
Conservation; ExxonMobil Foundation; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund;
National Geographic Society; the Chase, Cunningham, CGMK, Offield,
Peach, Thorne, Tortuga, and Kellogg foundations; the Wadsworth Endowed
Chair in Conservation Science at the University of Washington; and
Friends of the Penguins. We thank Trimble for donating 6 tablet
computers and Canon for contributing 2 pairs of binoculars for our
research. E. P. Akst did the penguin chick sexing at the Center for
Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Lab, facilitated by R. Fleischer
and supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate
Fellowship, the Smithsonian Institution, and an NSF Research Training
Grant to the University of Maryland and the Smithsonian Institution and
WCS. Toby Bradshaw, Tim Essington, Olivia Kane, Ginger Rebstock, Gordon
Orians, Wayne Arendt, and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript.
NR 76
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U2 11
PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0004-8038
EI 1938-4254
J9 AUK
JI AUK
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 133
IS 4
BP 783
EP 805
DI 10.1642/AUK-16-50.1
PG 23
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA DY9CP
UT WOS:000385430800017
ER
PT J
AU Gardner, JR
Orr, JW
Stevenson, DE
Spies, I
Somerton, DA
AF Gardner, Jennifer R.
Orr, James W.
Stevenson, Duane E.
Spies, Ingrid
Somerton, David A.
TI Reproductive Parasitism between Distant Phyla: Molecular Identification
of Snailfish (Liparidae) Egg Masses in the Gill Cavities of King Crabs
(Lithodidae)
SO COPEIA
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; LOPHOLITHODES-FORAMINATUS; SCORPAENIFORMES LIPARIDAE;
GENUS CAREPROCTUS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; BOX CRAB; FISH; SEA; CARCINOPHILIA;
AEQUISPINUS
AB Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus deposit egg masses inside the gill cavity of lithodid crabs. Previous attempts to identify the species depositing the eggs have been inconclusive because of the difficulties in identifying snailfish eggs and larvae. For this study, samples were collected from egg masses found in crabs in the commercial fishery and during benthic trawl survey work. Egg masses were found in Lithodes aequispinus (Golden King Crab) and, for the first time, in L. couesi (Scarlet King Crab). Mitochondrial DNA from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region was amplified from embryos and sequenced. Comparison of COI sequences from eggs to COI sequences from positively identified adult voucher specimens yielded identifications of 75 egg masses to species. A total of 38 egg masses were identified as Careproctus melanurus; 29 as C. colletti; seven as C. furcellus; and one as C. simus. Each egg mass contained eggs from only one species, and there was no indication of multiple maternal parentage. These results are the first positive identification of the snailfish species responsible for depositing egg masses in lithodid crabs. Identification of species involved may be useful in understanding the nature of this unique relationship between snailfishes and crabs.
C1 [Gardner, Jennifer R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Gardner, Jennifer R.] Univ Washington, Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Orr, James W.; Stevenson, Duane E.; Somerton, David A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Spies, Ingrid] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Gardner, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Gardner, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jgardn92@u.washington.edu; James.Orr@noaa.gov; Duane.Stevenson@noaa.gov;
Ingrid.Spies@noaa.gov; David.Somerton@noaa.gov
FU Dorothy T. Gilbert Ichthyology Research Fund
FX We thank F. Bowers of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for
coordinating and collecting egg masses from the commercial fishery. The
initial laboratory work was performed by A. Whitcomb, who optimized the
PCR reaction, and Y. Kai provided some sequence data. Thanks to T.
Pietsch, K. Maslenikov, and R. Arnold for guidance and fruitful
discussion. We thank W. Flerx and N. Raring for collecting specimens
during survey operations. For collections support and access to
collections, we thank T. Pietsch and K. Maslenikov at UWFC. Critical
reviews were provided by D. Blood, M. Busby, K. Maslenikov, and T.
Pietsch. Additional funding was provided to the first author through the
Dorothy T. Gilbert Ichthyology Research Fund.
NR 60
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U2 3
PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS
PI MIAMI
PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200
SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA
SN 0045-8511
EI 1938-5110
J9 COPEIA
JI Copeia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 104
IS 3
BP 645
EP 657
DI 10.1643/CI-15-374
PG 13
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA DY9CH
UT WOS:000385429700005
ER
PT J
AU Tucker, SJ
Kurniasih, EM
Craig, MT
AF Tucker, Sarah J.
Kurniasih, Eka M.
Craig, Matthew T.
TI A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the
Indo-Pacific
SO COPEIA
LA English
DT Article
AB A new species of Indo-Pacific grouper is described from nine specimens, 165-391mm in SL. Epinephelus kupangensis, new species, is similar in appearance to, and has been treated as, Epinephelus amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1857). The two species are both found in deep waters of the Indo-Pacific and have overlapping ranges in eastern Indonesia, and likely beyond. Epinephelus kupangensis, new species, can be distinguished from Epinephelus amblycephalus on the basis of coloration, counts, and measurements. The species is characterized by the following set of characters: dorsal rays XI, 16; anal rays III, 8; pelvic rays I, 5; pectoral rays 18; caudal rays 18; caudal fin rounded; gill rakers 8+16; lateral line scales 48; longitudinal scale series 99; body scales ctenoid; scales on head cycloid and particularly large in size on opercle; orbit diameter 5.1 in head; pelvic fin 4.0 in head; maxillary streak orange; color when freshly dead pale grayish brown with five dark brown bars; orange-brown spots present dorsally on head and at edges and within dark bars.
C1 [Tucker, Sarah J.; Kurniasih, Eka M.] Udayana Univ, Fac Vet Med, Indonesian Biodivers Res Ctr, Denpasar 80223, Bali, Indonesia.
[Tucker, Sarah J.] Smith Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA.
[Craig, Matthew T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Craig, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM sjtucker13@gmail.com; Ekakurniasih@ibrc-bali.org; matthew.craig@noaa.gov
FU United States Fulbright Student Scholarship; American Institute for
Indonesian Studies CAORC Fellowship; RISTEK in Jakarta, Indonesia
[6/TKPIPA/FRP/SM/VI/2013, 42/EXT/SIP/FRP/SM/IX/2014]
FX We thank the many fishing communities in Indonesia that assisted in
collecting specimens and the conservation workers that facilitated these
interactions: P. Mous, R. Pramana, G. W. Budiartha, E. Wibosono (The
Nature Conservancy Indonesia Fisheries Conservation Program), and J. Pet
( People and Nature Consulting). SJT received funding through the United
States Fulbright Student Scholarship and American Institute for
Indonesian Studies CAORC Fellowship. Research permits
(6/TKPIPA/FRP/SM/VI/2013 and 42/EXT/SIP/FRP/SM/IX/2014) were granted to
SJT by RISTEK in Jakarta, Indonesia. We thank L. O'Hara and A. Suzumoto
(BPBM), J. Williams (USNM), C. Klepadlo and H. J. Walker, Jr. (SIO), R.
K. Hadiaty (MZB), and R. Robins (UF) for specimen loans and curatorial
assistance. We are indebted to J. Hyde, D. Pondella, II, and J. Williams
for reviews of early versions of this manuscript.
NR 6
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U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS
PI MIAMI
PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200
SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA
SN 0045-8511
EI 1938-5110
J9 COPEIA
JI Copeia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 104
IS 3
BP 658
EP 662
DI 10.1643/CI-16-398
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA DY9CH
UT WOS:000385429700006
ER
PT J
AU Konn, C
Fourre, E
Jean-Baptiste, P
Donval, JP
Guyader, V
Birot, D
Alix, AS
Gaillot, A
Perez, F
Dapoigny, A
Pelleter, E
Resing, JA
Charlou, JL
Fouquet, Y
AF Konn, C.
Fourre, E.
Jean-Baptiste, P.
Donval, J. P.
Guyader, V.
Birot, D.
Alix, A. S.
Gaillot, A.
Perez, F.
Dapoigny, A.
Pelleter, E.
Resing, J. A.
Charlou, J. L.
Fouquet, Y.
CA Sci Parties
TI Extensive hydrothermal activity revealed by multi-tracer survey in the
Wallis and Futuna region (SW Pacific)
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; BACK-ARC BASIN; DE-FUCA RIDGE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA;
MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS; TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION;
NORTHEASTERN LAU BASIN; CENTRAL INDIAN RIDGE; SPREADING CENTER;
HELIUM-ISOTOPES
AB The study area is close to the Wallis and Futuna Islands in the French EEZ. It exists on the western boundary of the fastest tectonic area in the world at the junction of the Lau and North-Fiji basins. At this place, the unstable back-arc accommodates the plate motion in three ways: (i) the north Fiji transform fault, (ii) numerous unstable spreading ridges, and (iii) large areas of recent volcanic activity. This instability creates bountiful opportunity for hydrothermal discharge to occur. Based on geochemical (CH4, TDM, He-3) and geophysical (nephelometry) tracer surveys: (1) no hydrothermal activity could be found on the Futuna Spreading Centre (FSC) which sets the western limit of hydrothermal activity; (2) four distinct hydrothermal active areas were identified: Kulo Lasi Caldera, Amanaki Volcano, Fatu Kapa and Tasi Tulo areas; (3) extensive and diverse hydrothermal manifestations were observed and especially a 2D distribution of the sources. At Kulo Lasi, our data and especially tracer ratios (CH4/He-3 similar to 50 x 10(6) and CH4/TDM similar to 4.5) reveal a transient CH4 input, with elevated levels of CH4 measured in 2010, that had vanished in 2011, most likely caused by an eruptive magmatic event. By contrast at Amanalci, vertical tracer profiles and tracer ratios point to typical seawater/basalt interactions. Fatu Kapa is characterised by a substantial spatial variability of the hydrothermal water column anomalies, most likely due to widespread focused and diffuse hydrothermal discharge in the area. In the Tasi Tulo zone, the hydrothermal signal is characterised by a total lack of turbidity, although other tracer anomalies are in the same range as in nearby Fatu Kapa. The background data set revealed the presence of a Mn and He-3 chronic plume due to the extensive and cumulative venting over the entire area. To that respect, we believe that the joined domain composed of our active area and the nearby active area discovered in the East by Lupton et al. (2012) highly contribute to the extensive Tonga-Fiji plume and which thus may not originate from a sole source near the Samoa. Our results also emphasize and support the idea that back-arc hydrothermal systems have a significant input to the regional and global ocean and maybe more important than their MOR analogues. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Konn, C.; Donval, J. P.; Guyader, V.; Birot, D.; Alix, A. S.; Pelleter, E.; Charlou, J. L.; Fouquet, Y.] IFREMER, Lab Cycles Geochim & Ressources, CS10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
[Gaillot, A.] IFREMER, Serv Cartog Traitement Donnees & Instrument, CS10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
[Fourre, E.; Jean-Baptiste, P.; Perez, F.; Dapoigny, A.] UMR 8212CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Resing, J. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600S & Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Resing, J. A.] NOAA PMEL, 7600S & Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Konn, C (reprint author), IFREMER, Lab Cycles Geochim & Ressources, CS10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
EM cecile.konn@ifremer.fr
OI Pelleter, Ewan/0000-0002-0723-9757; Guyader, Vivien/0000-0001-7296-1335
FU Eramet; Technip; Areva
FX The authors are grateful to Eramet, Technip and Areva for, funding of
the cruises. Many thanks to the ship crew and the ship captains JR
Glehen, P Moimeaux and R Picard for running theses three cruises with
skills and professionalism. We are also rewarding to D Pierre, C Guerin,
A Normand for processing bathymetric data on board as well as C
Scalabrin and S Dupre for processing and interpreting acoustic data. We
thank our microbiologist colleagues (MA Cambon and E Roussel),
geochemists colleagues (C Cathalot, C Boulart) and geologist colleague
(F Besson) for their useful comments and discussions. We are indebted to
the physical oceanographers L Marie and B Le Cann who helped a lot with
fluxes estimations and water mass physics. This JISAO #2648 and PMEL
#4491 publication number.
NR 160
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
EI 1879-0119
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 116
BP 127
EP 144
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.07.012
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DY7RJ
UT WOS:000385326700013
ER
PT J
AU Stabeno, PJ
Bond, NA
Kachel, NB
Ladd, C
Mordy, CW
Strom, SL
AF Stabeno, P. J.
Bond, N. A.
Kachel, N. B.
Ladd, C.
Mordy, C. W.
Strom, S. L.
TI Southeast Alaskan shelf from southern tip of Baranof Island to Kayak
Island: Currents, mixing and chlorophyll-a
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Currents; Mixing; Southeast Alaska; Alaska Coastal Current;
Chlorophyll-a
ID COASTAL CURRENT; NORTHERN GULF; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; EDDY; SATELLITE;
PACIFIC
AB During 2011 and 2013, an integrated,ecosystem study was undertaken on the Southeast Alaska shelf and slope. As part of that study, a total of 8 moorings were deployed each year along the coast of Baranof and Chichagof Islands, in Cross Sound and at Icy Point. In addition, 18 satellite-tracked drifters were deployed during the two field years. The goals of this manuscript are to describe: the coastal currents in southeastern Alaska; the processes affecting them; and how the physics modify the nutrients and primary production in the region. Mixing in Cross Sound is an important source of nutrients for the shelf north of the sound, resulting in prolonged production during summer. While the Alaska Coastal Current is not a continuous feature along the entire Gulf of Alaska coast, it does exist from southern tip of Baranof Island to Cross Sound, and again northwest of Yakutat. The narrowness of this shelf coupled with the meanders and eddies in the Alaska Current result in large amounts of on-shelf flow of slope water and off-shelf flow of coastal water. While local currents and summer winds were similar in 2011 and 2013, 2011 was characterized by low chlorophyll-a concentrations throughout the spring-summer, while chlorophyll concentrations in 2013 were typical. The cause of this difference remains unclear, but bottom-up processes likely contributed to the low chlorophyll-a concentrations in 2011. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Stabeno, P. J.; Bond, N. A.; Kachel, N. B.; Ladd, C.; Mordy, C. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Bond, N. A.; Kachel, N. B.; Mordy, C. W.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Strom, S. L.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA.
RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X
FU NPRB [NPRB-G83, NPRB-G85]; NOAA
FX This research is contribution no. 4129 from NOAA/Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory, contribution FOCI-0820 to NOAA's Ecosystems
Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI),
contribution 2220 to JISAO, contribution xxxx to GOAIERP and yyyy to
NPRB. The research was generously supported by grant from the
NPRB-sponsored GOAIERP (LTL; NPRB-G83 and NPRB-G85) and NOAA's North
Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) programs.
NR 29
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U1 3
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 6
EP 23
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.018
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700002
ER
PT J
AU Stabeno, PJ
Bell, S
Cheng, W
Danielson, S
Kachel, NB
Mordy, CW
AF Stabeno, Phyllis J.
Bell, Shaun
Cheng, Wei
Danielson, Seth
Kachel, Nancy B.
Mordy, Calvin W.
TI Long-term observations of Alaska Coastal Current in the northern Gulf of
Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Currents; Transport; Alaska Coastal Current; Mixing
ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK;
PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; BERING-SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; MODELING-SYSTEM; OCEANIC
MODEL
AB The Alaska Coastal Current is a continuous, well-defined system extending for 1700 km along the coast of Alaska from Seward, Alaska to Samalga Pass in the Aleutian Islands. The currents in this region are examined using data-collected at > 20 mooring sites and from > 400 satellite-tracked drifters. While not continuous, the mooring data span a 30 year period (1984-2014). Using current meter data collected at a dozen mooring sites spread over four lines (Seward, Gore Point, Kennedy and Stevenson Entrances, and the exit to Shelikof Strait) total transport was calculated. Transport was significantly correlated with alongshore winds, although the correlation at the Seward Line was weak. The largest mean transport in the Alaska Coastal Current occurred at Gore Point (1.4 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) in winter and 0.6 x 10(6) m(3) S-1 in summer), with the transport at the exit to Shelikof Strait (1.3 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) in winter and 0.6 x 10(6) m(3) S-1 in summer) only slightly less. The transport was modified at the Seward Line in late summer and fall by frontal undulations associated with strong river discharge that enters onto the shelf at that time of year. The interaction of the Alaska Coastal Current and tidal currents with shallow banks in the vicinity of Kodiak Archipeligo and in Kennedy-Stevenson Entrance results in mixing and prolonged primary production throughout the summer. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Bell, Shaun; Cheng, Wei; Kachel, Nancy B.; Mordy, Calvin W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Bell, Shaun; Cheng, Wei; Kachel, Nancy B.; Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Danielson, Seth] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, 112 ONeill,Box 757220D, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOAA [NA17RJ1232]; NPRB [G83]; US GLOBEC Program; NOAA
FX We thank Sigrid Salo for processing the SeaWiFS composite image. Special
thanks go to W. Floering and C. Dewitt for deployment and recovery of
the moorings, David Kachel for processing much of the mooring and
drifter track data and David Musgrave for providing the data from GAK4.
We thank the captains and crews of the NOAA Ships Oscar Dyson and Miller
Freeman. SeaWIFS level 1A data were obtained from the Goddard Earth
Sciences Distributed Active Archive center, which is under the auspices
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Files were
processed using SeaDAS (SeaWiFS Data Analysis System which is maintained
and distributed by the Goddard Space Flight Center). Use of this data is
in accord with the SeaWiFS Research data Use Terms and Conditions
Agreement. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute
for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative
Agreement no., NA17RJ1232. The research was generously supported by
grant from the NPRB-sponsored GOAIERP (G83), US GLOBEC Program, and
NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP)
and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations programs. This is
contribution #0838 to Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated
Investigations, xxxx to JISAO and xxx to GOAIERP.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 24
EP 40
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.12.016
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700003
ER
PT J
AU Ladd, C
Cheng, W
AF Ladd, Carol
Cheng, Wei
TI Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part I: Cross
Sound, Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gap winds; Gulf of Alaska; Alaska Coastal Current; Eddies
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; NORTHEAST PACIFIC;
COASTAL CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE CIRCULATION;
MODELING-SYSTEM; GULF; OCEAN; EDDIES
AB Gap-wind events flowing from Cross Sound in the eastern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) were examined using QuikSCAT wind data. The average duration of an event is 3.6 days with the longest event recorded in the QuikSCAT dataset being 12 days. Daily offshore directed winds with speeds > 10 m s(-1) are more common during the winter months (October-March), averaging 20.0 days per year, and less common during the summer (April - September), averaging 2.8 days per year. Interannual variability in the frequency of gap-wind events is correlated with El Nino. During gap-wind events, the spatial scales of high off-shore directed winds ( > 10 m s(-1)) reach almost 200 km off-shore and 225 km along the shelf break, suggesting that the winds directly influence both the shelf (20-65 km wide) and the off-shore waters. A model experiment suggests that a gap-wind event can result in eddy formation and changes in circulation and water properties. Increased entrainment of water from below the mixed layer due to the gap-wind event implies that mixed-layer nitrate concentrations could increase on the order of 5-10.mu mole/l, potentially enhancing primary production in the region. An accompanying paper discusses part II of our study (Ladd et al., 2016) focusing on gap-wind events in the western GOA around Kodiak Island. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Cheng, Wei] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov; wei.cheng@noaa.gov
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X
FU NASA; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; North Pacific Research Board [G83, G84]
FX QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by
the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. QuikSCAT wind data were
provided by the NOAA CoastWatch Program
(http://coastwatch.pfel.noaa.gov) and Remote Sensing Systems, Inc. SAR
images were provided by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR and The Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory via their website
(http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/mecb/sar/index.html). Thanks to
William Pichel for information regarding SAR data. MODIS chlorophyll
data were obtained from NOAA's CoastWatch Program and NASA's Goddard
Space Flight Center, OceanColor Web. NOAA High Resolution SST data
provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their
Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Comments from Steve Okkonen
and two anonymous reviewers led to improvements in the manuscript.
Discussions with Phyllis Stabeno, Nick Bond, Sigrid Salo, and Al Hermann
are appreciated. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0815 to NOAA's
Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, PMEL
contribution 4112. This publication is partially funded by the Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA
Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution 2198. This is GOAIERP
publication number 9 and NPRB Publication #562, supported by the North
Pacific Research Board through Projects G83 and G84.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 41
EP 53
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.006
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700004
ER
PT J
AU Ladd, C
Cheng, W
Salo, S
AF Ladd, Carol
Cheng, Wei
Salo, Sigrid
TI Gap winds and their effects on regional oceanography Part II: Kodiak
Island, Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Currents; Gulf of Alaska; Alaska Coastal Current; Gap winds
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COASTAL CURRENT; NORTHERN GULF; SHELIKOF-STRAIT;
MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MODELING-SYSTEM; OCEAN;
TRANSPORT; CIRCULATION
AB Frequent gap winds, defined here as offshore-directed flow channeled through mountain gaps, have been observed near Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Gap winds from the Iliamna Lake gap were investigated using QuikSCAT wind data. The influence of these wind events on the regional ocean was examined using satellite and in situ data combined with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model runs. Gap winds influence the entire shelf width ( > 200 km) northeast of Kodiak Island and extend an additional similar to 150 km off-shelf. Due to strong gradients in the along-shelf direction, they can result in vertical velocities in the ocean of over 20 m d(-1) due to Ekman pumping. The wind events also disrupt flow of the Alaska. Coastal Current (ACC), resulting in decreased flow down Shelikof Strait and increased velocities on the outer shelf. This disruption of the ACC has implications for freshwater transport into the Bering Sea. The oceanographic response to gap winds may influence the survival of larval fishes as Arrowtooth Flounder recruitment is negatively correlated with the interannual frequency of gap-wind events, and Pacific Cod recruitment is positively correlated. The frequency of offshore directed winds exhibits a strong seasonal cycle averaging similar to 7 days per month during winter and similar to 2 days per month during summer. Interannual variability is correlated with the Pacific North America Index and shows a linear trend, increasing by 1.35 days per year. An accompanying paper discusses part I of our study (Ladd and Cheng, 2016) focusing on gap-wind events flowing out of Cross Sound in the eastern GOA. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ladd, Carol; Cheng, Wei; Salo, Sigrid] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Cheng, Wei] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov; wei.cheng@noaa.gov
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X
FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; NPRB [NPRB-G83, NPRB-G84]; NOAA
FX QuikSCAT wind data were provided by the NOAA CoastWatch Program and
Remote Sensing Systems, Inc. MODIS chlorophyll data were obtained from
NOAA's CoastWatch Program and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,
OceanColor Web. Discussions with Phyllis Stabeno, Nick Bond, and Al
Hermann are appreciated. This research is contribution 0826-RPP to
NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations,
PMEL contribution 4227. This publication is partially funded by the
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution 2460. This is
GOAIERP publication number 10 and NPRB publication #563. The research
was generously supported by grant from the NPRB-sponsored GOAIERP
(NPRB-G83 and NPRB-G84) and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and
Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) programs.
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SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 54
EP 67
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.08.005
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700005
ER
PT J
AU Hermann, AJ
Ladd, C
Cheng, W
Curchitser, EN
Hedstrom, K
AF Hermann, A. J.
Ladd, C.
Cheng, W.
Curchitser, E. N.
Hedstrom, K.
TI A model-based examination of multivariate physical modes in the Gulf of
Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE USA; Alaska; Gulf of Alaska; Modeling
ID NORTHERN GULF; VARIABILITY; SEA; SHELF; PACIFIC; SYSTEM
AB We use multivariate output from a hydrodynamic model of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to explore the covariance among its physical state and air/sea fluxes. We attempt to summarize this coupled variability using a limited set of patterns, and examine their correlation to three large-scale climate indices relevant to the Northeast Pacific. This analysis is focused on perturbations from monthly climatology of the following attributes of the GOA: sea surface temperature, sea surface height, mixed layer depth, sea surface salinity, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, shortwave irradiance, net long wave irradiance, currents at 40 m depth, and wind stress. We identified two multivariate modes, both substantially correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Multivariate El Nino (MEI) indices on interannual timescales, which together account for similar to 30% of the total normalized variance of the perturbation time series. These two modes indicate the following covarying events during periods of positive PDO/MEI: (1) anomalously warm, wet and windy conditions (typically in winter), with elevated coastal SSH, followed 2-5 months later by (2) reduced cloud cover, with emerging shelf-break eddies. Similar modes are found when the analysis is performed separately on the eastern and western GOA; in general, modal amplitudes appear stronger in the western GOA. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
C1 [Hermann, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hermann, A. J.; Ladd, C.; Cheng, W.] NOAA, Ocean Environm Res Div, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Curchitser, E. N.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Hedstrom, K.] Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Hermann, AJ (reprint author), Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM albert.j.hermann@noaa.gov
FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 2533]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); NOAA;
North Pacific Research Board [592]
FX This research is contribution No. 4284 from NOAA/Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory, and contribution Eco-FOCI-0839 to NOAA's
Ecosystems Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. This
publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of
the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement
NA10OAR4320148, Contribution no. 2533. The research was generously
supported by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) sponsored Gulf of
Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (GOAIERP) and NOAA's North
Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity programs. This is
Gulf of Alaska Project publication number 17, supported by the North
Pacific Research Board through Project 592.
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SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 68
EP 89
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.005
PG 22
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700006
ER
PT J
AU Aguilar-Islas, AM
Seguret, MJM
Rember, R
Buck, KN
Proctor, P
Mordy, CW
Kachel, NB
AF Aguilar-Islas, Ana M.
Seguret, Marie J. M.
Rember, Robert
Buck, Kristen N.
Proctor, Peter
Mordy, Calvin W.
Kachel, Nancy B.
TI Temporal variability of reactive iron over the Gulf of Alaska shelf
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Iron; Trace metals; Gulf of Alaska; Sub-Arctic Pacific; Seward Line;
Iron-binding ligands
ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NORTHERN GULF; UPWELLING REGIME; COASTAL WATERS;
ORGANIC COMPLEXATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CHLOROPHYLL-A; DIATOM BLOOMS;
HAIDA EDDIES; PHYTOPLANKTON
AB The Gulf of Alaska (GoA) shelf is a highly productive regime bordering the nitrate-rich, iron (Fe)-limited waters of the central GoA. The exchange between nitrate-limited, Fe-replete coastal waters and nitrate rich, Fe-deplete offshore waters, amplified by mesoscale eddies, is key to the productivity of the region. Previous summer field studies have observed the partitioning of Fe in the coastal GoA as being heavily dominated by the particulate phase due to the high suspended particulate loads carried by glacial rivers into these coastal waters. Here we present new physico-chemical iron data and nutrient data from the continental shelf of the GoA during spring and late summer 2011. The late summer data along the Seward Line showed variable surface dissolved iron (DFe) concentrations (0.052 nM offshore to 4.87 nM inshore), within the range of previous observations. Relative to available surface nitrate, DFe was in excess (at Fe:C=50 mu mol:mol) inshore, and deficient (at Fe:C= 20 mu ol:mol) offshore. Summer surface total dissolvable iron (TDFe, acidified unfiltered samples) was dominated by the acid-labile particulate fraction over the shelf (with a median contribution of only 3% by DFe), supporting previously observed Fe partitioning in the GoA. In contrast, our spring data from southeast GoA showed TDFe differently partitioned, with surface DFe (0.28-4.91 nM) accounting on average for a much higher fraction (similar to 25%) of the TDFe pool. Spring surface DFe was insufficient relative to available nitrate over much of the surveyed region (at Fe:C=50 mu mol:mol). Organic Fe-binding ligand data reveal excess concentrations of ligands in both spring and summer, indicating incomplete titration by Fe. Excess concentrations of an especially strong-binding ligand class in spring surface waters may reflect in-situ ligand production. Due to anomalous spring conditions in 2011, river flow and phytoplankton biomass during our spring sampling were lower than the expected May average. We argue our samples are likely more representative of early spring pre-bloom conditions, providing an idea of the possible physicochemical partitioning of Fe in coastal GoA waters relevant to initial spring bloom dynamics. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Aguilar-Islas, Ana M.; Seguret, Marie J. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Rember, Robert] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, 930 Koyukuk, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Buck, Kristen N.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, GE01, St Georges, Bermuda.
[Proctor, Peter; Mordy, Calvin W.; Kachel, Nancy B.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Seguret, Marie J. M.] Univ Utrecht, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Buck, Kristen N.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Aguilar-Islas, AM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM amaguilarislas@alaska.edu
FU North Pacific Research Board [G84/F4185-00, G83/F5183-01]; NOAA; Walwyn
Hughes Fund for Innovation; Ray Moore Endowment Fund at the Bermuda
Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS); Joint Institute for the Study of the
Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]
FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson and the M/V
Tiglax for their kind assistance during cruise operations. We thank
Phyllis Stabeno and Russell Hopcroft for ship time contributions, Dave
Kachel for his support during the deployment and recovery of UAF vanes
onboard the R/V Thomas G. Thompson, and Dean Stockwell for assistance
during sampling onboard the M/V Tiglax. We also thank three anonymous
reviewers for insightful suggestions that improved this manuscript. This
work was funded by grants from the North Pacific Research Board to Ana
M. Aguilar-Islas (G84/F4185-00) and to Calvin Mordy (G83/F5183-01) as
part of the Gulf of Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Research Project, and
supported by NOAA's Ecosystems & Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated
Investigations (EcoFOCI) program. Kristen N. Buck was supported by
institutional funding from the Walwyn Hughes Fund for Innovation and the
Ray Moore Endowment Fund at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
(BIOS). This publication is NPRB publication #541 and GOAIERP
publication #5, and was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the
Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative
Agreement NA10OAR4320148, and its contribution EcoFOCI-0814 to EcoFOCI,
contribution 2380 to JISAO, contribution 4114 to Laboratory. The
findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the views of NOAA's Oceans and Atmospheric
Research.
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SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 90
EP 106
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.004
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700007
ER
PT J
AU Moss, JH
Zaleski, MF
Heintz, RA
AF Moss, Jamal H.
Zaleski, Marilyn F.
Heintz, Ron A.
TI Distribution, diet, and energetic condition of age-0 walleye pollock
(Gadus chalcogrammus) and pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) inhabiting
the Gulf of Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Walleye pollock; Pacific cod; Gulf of Alaska; Energy storage; Early life
history strategy; Overwinter survival
ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; CROSS-SHELF DISTRIBUTION;
EARLY-LIFE STAGES; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; NORTHERN GULF; FEEDING
ECOLOGY; WESTERN GULF; FRESH-WATER; RECRUITMENT
AB Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) are commercially and ecologically important species in Alaska waters. Little is known about their ecology after transitioning from larvae to free swimming fish until settlement to nursery habitats in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Differences in the distribution, diet, body size, and energetic status between the eastern and central Gulf of Alaska were investigated during summer months to better understand regional and interspecific differences in life history and ecology. The composition of zooplankton prey in the diets of walleye pollock and Pacific cod inhabiting shelf waters was more varied relative to those inhabiting the slope and basin. Body condition and total energy content of Pacific cod was greater than walleye pollock, however total energy content increased with length at a similar rate for both species. Walleye pollock inhabiting continental slope waters had higher energy stores relative to those inhabiting the continental shelf and basin, indicating an energetic advantage for individuals remaining off the shelf during summer months or potentially the advection of fish with higher energy reserves off of the shelf. Previous studies have documented the importance of energy stores for surviving winter and future studies should focus on understanding the mechanisms influencing lipid storage and somatic growth for walleye pollock and Pacific cod inhabiting the eastern and central Gulf of Alaska. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Moss, Jamal H.; Zaleski, Marilyn F.; Heintz, Ron A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 19107 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Moss, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 19107 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Jamal.Moss@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board
FX This manuscript was significantly improved by incorporating comments
provided by Danielle Dickson and three anonymous reviewers. We thank
Casey Debenham, Wess Strasburger, and Jared Weems for assistance with
sample processing; and Captain Ray Haddon and the crew of the F/V
Northwest Explorer for assistance with sample collection. The North
Pacific Research Board provided funding for this study. A reference to
trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries
Service, NOAA and the findings and conclusions in in this paper are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA.
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SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
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JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 146
EP 153
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.03.014
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700011
ER
PT J
AU Sreenivasan, A
Heintz, R
AF Sreenivasan, Ashwin
Heintz, Ron
TI Estimation of the relationship between growth, consumption, and energy
allocation in juvenile pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) as a function
of temperature and ration
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pacific cod; Nucleic acids; Growth; Food consumption
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; RNA-DNA RATIO; PROTEIN MAINTENANCE
REQUIREMENT; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FISH SKELETAL-MUSCLE; EASTERN
BERING-SEA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; BODY-COMPOSITION; ATLANTIC COD; OXYGEN
DIFFUSION
AB Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) are generalist predators in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), and are an important predator on other commercially important species. Efficient management of this species can benefit by knowing how these fish adapt to changing environmental conditions, with a focus on how growth and condition are affected by changes in temperature and diet. We conducted a feeding study to understand the relationship between growth, ration, and temperature, and how these factors interact to affect energy allocation strategies. Since growth and condition of juveniles can determine recruitment into the population, this study focused on growth and consumption of age 1+Pacific cod held over 4 temperature treatments (4 degrees C, 8 degrees C, 12 degrees C, and 16 degrees C) and 3 ration levels (unlimited ration, medium ration, and low ration). We also compared cellular nucleic acid (RNA/DNA) ratios, an instantaneous growth index, total-body lipid, and proximate composition between fish. At 4 degrees C, 8 degrees C, and 12 degrees C, fish at medium and low rations had higher growth rates relative to fish at high rations. Higher food consumption appears to negatively affect digestive ability, assimilation efficiency, and nutrient utilization. RNA/DNA was clearly correlated with growth rates at 4 degrees C and 8 degrees C, but this relationship did not hold at higher temperatures. A secondary growth study was conducted to test the reliability of the growth/consumption models derived from the main growth study. Temperature influenced energy reserves (lipid) while tissue growth (protein) was influenced by ration level. Average lipid values were higher at 4 degrees C than at 8 degrees C or 12 degrees C, suggesting a predisposition to heightened lipid synthesis at colder temperatures. Longer durations of warmer water temperature in the GOA could consequently affect energy allocation strategies, with dietary changes in the field potentially amplifying this effect in cold and warm years. This energy allocation strategy could be detrimental with warmer temperatures predicted in the GOA. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
C1 [Sreenivasan, Ashwin] Sitka Sound Sci Ctr, 834 Lincoln St,Suite 200, Sitka, AK 99835 USA.
[Heintz, Ron] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Sreenivasan, Ashwin] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Sreenivasan, A (reprint author), Sitka Sound Sci Ctr, 834 Lincoln St,Suite 200, Sitka, AK 99835 USA.; Sreenivasan, A (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM asreenivasan@alaska.edu
FU North Pacific Research Board; Sitka Sound Science Center; NOAA's Little
Port Walter station; Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Auke Bay
Laboratories
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the North Pacific Research
Board for funding this study as part of the Gulf of Alaska Integrated
Ecosystem Research Project. We also thank Andrew Eller, Lawrence
Schaufler, the Sitka Sound Science Center, NOAA's Little Port Walter
station, and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's Auke Bay
Laboratories, who supported this research. We also thank 3 anonymous
reviewers for their comments in improving this manuscript.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 154
EP 161
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.004
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700012
ER
PT J
AU Doyle, MJ
Mier, KL
AF Doyle, Miriam J.
Mier, Kathryn L.
TI Early life history pelagic exposure profiles of selected commercially
important fish species in the Gulf of Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fish species; Early life history; Gulf of Alaska; Pelagic exposure
profiles; Environmental sensitivities; Recruitment processes
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; AGE-0 WALLEYE
POLLOCK; SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; WESTERN GULF; NORTHERN GULF;
OF-ALASKA; NEUSTONIC ICHTHYOPLANKTON; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; PACIFIC-OCEAN
AB A synthesis of nearly four decades of ichthyoplankton survey data from the Gulf of Alaska was undertaken to provide the most comprehensive information available on the early life history ecology of five focal species: Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus), Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and Arrowtooth Flounder (Atheresthes stomias). This analysis of historical data, along with information from published studies, is presented here in the form of ecological reviews of the species during their planktonic phase. The reviews include descriptions of temporal and spatial patterns of exposure to the environment, and interpretation regarding associated sensitivities to environmental forcing. On a temporal scale, patterns in abundance of eggs and larvae are synthesized that characterize seasonal exposure to the pelagic environment, and interannual variation that is presumed to incorporate responses to long-term environmental forcing. Spatial patterns are synthesized to identify horizontal and vertical extent of egg and larval distributions, delineate areas of primary larval habitat, and illuminate egg and larval drift pathways. The observed patterns are discussed with respect to characterizing species early life history strategies, identifying long-term adaptations to the Gulf of Alaska environment, and associated resilience and vulnerability factors that may modulate early life responses to environmental forcing in this region. For each species, gaps in knowledge are identified and are concerned primarily with the period of transition between the larval and juvenile stage, and feeding habits and ecology across seasons, habitats and sub-intervals of early ontogeny. These early life history reviews advance our ecological understanding of the pelagic phase, and fine-tune our focus for the investigation of potential response mechanisms to environmental forcing at appropriate, species-specific temporal and spatial scales. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Doyle, Miriam J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Mier, Kathryn L.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Doyle, MJ (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM miriam.doyle@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board; Joint Institute for the study of the
Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington under NOAA
[NA10OAR4320148]; NOAA
FX The data presented here are based on four decades of ichthyoplankton
sampling in the Gulf of Alaska. Appreciation is extended to the many
scientists and crews aboard the various research vessels that collected
the samples during these Alaska Fisheries Research Center (AFSC)
surveys. In addition, thanks are due to scientists at the AFSC
Recruitment Processes Program, and at the Plankton Sorting and
Identification Center in Sczcecin, Poland, who participated over the
years in processing and analysis of the samples, as well as compilation
of the ichthyoplankton data. Reviews on an earlier draft of the
manuscript were provided by Ann Matarese, Janet Duffy-Anderson and Lisa
De Forest, and are gratefully acknowledged. Myron Peck and two anonymous
reviewers also provided valuable comments that helped improve the
manuscript. Partial funding for this synthesis work was provided by the
North Pacific Research Board and this paper represents NPRB Publication
# 554 and GOAIERP publication # 8. This research was also partially
funded by the Joint Institute for the study of the Atmosphere and Ocean,
University of Washington under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no.
NA10OAR4320148, Contribution no. 2192, and by NOAA's Climate Regimes and
Ecosystem Productivity program. The research is also contribution
EcoFOCI-0785 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated
Investigations.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
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J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 162
EP 193
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.019
PG 32
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700013
ER
PT J
AU Zimmermann, M
Reid, JA
Golden, N
AF Zimmermann, Mark
Reid, Jane A.
Golden, Nadine
TI Using smooth sheets to describe groundfish habitat in Alaskan waters,
with specific application to two flatfishes
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE USA; Alaska; Gulf of Alaska; Fish; Habitat; Bathymetry; Grain size
ID MODELS; NURSERY; PLEURONECTIDS; AREA
AB In this analysis we demonstrate how preferred fish habitat can be predicted and mapped for juveniles of two Alaskan groundfish species - Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) - at five sites (Kiliuda Bay, Izhut Bay, Port Dick, Aialik Bay, and the Barren Islands) in the central Gulf of Alaska. The method involves using geographic information system (GIS) software to extract appropriate information from National Ocean Service (NOS) smooth sheets that are available from NGDC (the National Geophysical Data Center). These smooth sheets are highly detailed charts that include more soundings, substrates, shoreline and feature information than the more commonly-known navigational charts. By bringing the information from smooth sheets into a GIS, a variety of surfaces, such as depth, slope, rugosity and mean grain size were interpolated into raster surfaces. Other measurements such as site openness, shoreline length, proportion of bay that is near shore, areas of rocky reefs, and kelp beds, water volumes, surface areas and vertical cross-sections were also made in order to quantify differences between the study sites. Proper GIS processing also allows linking the smooth sheets to other data sets, such as orthographic satellite photographs, topographic maps and precipitation estimates from which watersheds and runoff can be derived. This same methodology can be applied to larger areas, taking advantage of these free data sets to describe predicted groundfish essential fish habitat (EFH) in Alaskan waters. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Zimmermann, Mark] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Reid, Jane A.; Golden, Nadine] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Zimmermann, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mark.zimmermann@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)
FX The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the author(s) and
do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries
Service, NOAA or the USGS. Reference to trade names does not imply
endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA or the USGS.
The North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) sponsored the Gulf of Alaska
Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (GOA-IERP) - this manuscript is
GOA-IERP publication #3 and NPRB publication #528.
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SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 210
EP 226
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.020
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700015
ER
PT J
AU Hinckley, S
Parada, C
Horne, JK
Mazur, M
Woillez, M
AF Hinckley, Sarah
Parada, Carolina
Horne, John K.
Mazur, Michael
Woillez, Mathieu
TI Comparison of individual-based model output to data using a model of
walleye pollock early life history in the Gulf of Alaska
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mathematical models; Statistical analysis; Marine fish; Spatial
distributions; Spatial analysis; Individual-based models; USA gulf of
alaska; Walleye pollock
ID KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; CORRELATED
RANDOM-WALK; COD GADUS-MORHUA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WESTERN GULF;
SEASCAPE GENETICS; LARVAL DISPERSAL; SHELIKOF STRAIT; BERING-SEA
AB Biophysical individual-based models (IBMs) have been used to study aspects of early life history of marine fishes such as recruitment, connectivity of spawning and nursery areas, and marine reserve design. However, there is no consistent approach to validating the spatial outputs of these models. In this study, we hope to rectify this gap. We document additions to an existing individual-based biophysical model for Alaska walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), some simulations made with this model and methods that were used to describe and compare spatial output of the model versus field data derived from ichthyoplankton surveys in the Gulf of Alaska. We used visual methods (e.g. distributional centroids with directional ellipses), several indices (such as a Normalized Difference Index (NDI), and an Overlap Coefficient (OC), and several statistical methods: the Syrjala method, the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and a geostatistical method for comparing spatial indices. We assess the utility of these different methods in analyzing spatial output and comparing model output to data, and give recommendations for their appropriate use. Visual methods are useful for initial comparisons of model and data distributions. Metrics such as the NDI and OC give useful measures of co-location and overlap, but care must be taken in discretizing the fields into bins. The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic is useful to determine the patchiness of the fields. The Syrjala method is an easily implemented statistical measure of the difference between the fields, but does not give information on the details of the distributions. Finally, the geostatistical comparison of spatial indices gives good information of details of the distributions and whether they differ significantly between the model and the data. We conclude that each technique gives quite different information about the model-data distribution comparison, and that some are easy to apply and some more complex. We also give recommendations for a multistep process to validate spatial output from IBMs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hinckley, Sarah] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Parada, Carolina] Univ Concepcion, Dept Geofis, Concepcion, Chile.
[Parada, Carolina] Univ Concepcion, IMO, Concepcion, Chile.
[Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Mazur, Michael] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 170 North First St, Lander, WY 82520 USA.
[Woillez, Mathieu] IFREMER, Sci & Technol Halieut, Brest, France.
RP Hinckley, S (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM sarah.hinckley@noaa.gov; carolina.parada@dgeo.udec.cl;
jhorne@u.washington.edu; michael_mazur@fws.gov;
mathieu.woillez@gmail.com
OI Woillez, Mathieu/0000-0002-1032-2105
FU North Pacific Research Board [523]; EcoFOCI group at the Alaska
Fisheries Science Center; RACE Division at the Alaska Fisheries Science
Center
FX We thank the North Pacific Research Board for funding Project 523:
Pollock recruitment and stock structure, which supported portions of
this research. Dr. A.J. Hermann developed the ROMS model for the Gulf of
Alaska which drives the pollock IBM. We would also like to acknowledge
support from the EcoFOCI group and the RACE Division at the Alaska
Fisheries Science Center, which provided data, personnel salaries, and
other support. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National
Marine Fisheries Service.
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 240
EP 262
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.007
PG 23
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700017
ER
PT J
AU Cronin, MF
Bond, NA
Farrar, JT
Ichikawa, H
Jayne, SR
Kawai, Y
Konda, M
Qiu, B
Rainville, L
Tomita, H
AF Cronin, Meghan F.
Bond, Nicholas A.
Farrar, J. Thomas
Ichikawa, Hiroshi
Jayne, Steven R.
Kawai, Yoshimi
Konda, Masanori
Qiu, Bo
Rainville, Luc
Tomita, Hiroyuki
TI Formation and erosion of the seasonal thermocline in the Kuroshio
Extension Recirculation gyre (vol 85, pg 62, 2013)
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Farrar, J. Thomas; Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Ichikawa, Hiroshi; Kawai, Yoshimi; Konda, Masanori] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
[Konda, Masanori] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Rainville, Luc] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Tomita, Hiroyuki] Nagoya Univ, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Meghan.F.Cronin@noaa.gov
RI Qiu, Bo/D-9569-2017
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PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 263
EP 264
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.08.001
PG 2
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700018
ER
PT J
AU Eisner, LB
Napp, JM
Mier, KL
Pinchuk, AI
Andrews, AG
AF Eisner, L. B.
Napp, J. M.
Mier, K. L.
Pinchuk, A. I.
Andrews, A. G.
TI Climate-mediated changes in zooplankton community structure for the
eastern Bering Sea (vol 109, pg 157, 2014)
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Eisner, L. B.; Napp, J. M.; Mier, K. L.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Pinchuk, A. I.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Andrews, A. G.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Eisner, LB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Lisa.Eisner@NOAA.gov
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SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 132
BP 265
EP 265
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.04.016
PG 1
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DZ1LA
UT WOS:000385598700019
ER
PT J
AU Vincenzi, S
Mangel, M
Jesensek, D
Garza, JC
Crivelli, AJ
AF Vincenzi, Simone
Mangel, Marc
Jesensek, Dusan
Garza, John C.
Crivelli, Alain J.
TI Within- and among-population variation in vital rates and population
dynamics in a variable environment
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE extreme events; life histories; marble trout; random-effects models;
resilience; Salmo marmoratus; tag-recapture data
ID TROUT SALMO-MARMORATUS; EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS; RESIDENT BROWN TROUT;
MARBLE TROUT; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; BROOK TROUT; EVOLUTIONARY DEMOGRAPHY;
RECRUITMENT VARIABILITY; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MORTALITY EVENTS
AB Understanding the causes of within-and among-population differences in vital rates, life histories, and population dynamics is a central topic in ecology. To understand how within-and among-population variation emerges, we need long-term studies that include episodic events and contrasting environmental conditions, data to characterize individual and shared variation, and statistical models that can tease apart shared and individual contribution to the observed variation. We used long-term tag-recapture data to investigate and estimate within-and among-population differences in vital rates, life histories, and population dynamics of marble trout Salmo marmoratus, an endemic freshwater salmonid with a narrow range. Only ten populations of pure marble trout persist in headwaters of Alpine rivers in western Slovenia. Marble trout populations are also threatened by floods and landslides, which have already caused the extinction of two populations in recent years. We estimated and determined causes of variation in growth, survival, and recruitment both within and among populations, and evaluated trade-offs between them. Specifically, we estimated the responses of these traits to variation in water temperature, density, sex, early life conditions, and extreme events. We found that the effects of population density on traits were mostly limited to the early stages of life and that growth trajectories were established early in life. We found no clear effects of water temperature on vital rates. Population density varied over time, with flash floods and debris flows causing massive mortalities (>55% decrease in survival with respect to years with no floods) and threatening population persistence. Apart from flood events, variation in population density within streams was largely determined by variation in recruitment, with survival of older fish being relatively constant over time within populations, but substantially different among populations. Marble trout show a fast to slow continuum of life histories, with slow growth associated with higher survival at the population level, possibly determined by food conditions and age at maturity. Our work provides unprecedented insight into the causes of variation in vital rates, life histories, and population dynamics in an endemic species that is teetering on the edge of extinction.
C1 [Vincenzi, Simone; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Vincenzi, Simone] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, Via Ponzio 3415, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
[Jesensek, Dusan] Tolmin Angling Assoc, Trg 1 Maja 7, Tolmin 5220, Slovenia.
[Garza, John C.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Garza, John C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Crivelli, Alain J.] Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France.
RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, Via Ponzio 3415, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com
FU IOF Marie Curie Fellowship; Center for Stock Assessment Research
(CSTAR); University of California Santa Cruz; Southwest Fisheries
Science Center; MAVA Foundation
FX S. Vincenzi is supported by an IOF Marie Curie Fellowship
FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF for the project "RAPIDEVO" on rapid evolutionary
responses to climate change in natural populations and by the Center for
Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR), a partnership between University of
California Santa Cruz and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. This
study has been funded by MAVA Foundation. We thank the employees and
members of the Tolmin Angling Association (Slovenia) for carrying out
fieldwork since 1993. We thank Travis Apgar for helping us produce Fig.
1.
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PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 7
BP 2086
EP 2102
DI 10.1890/15-1808.1
PG 17
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DZ1TR
UT WOS:000385623900010
PM 27755735
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YY
Zhao, WW
Yang, JJ
Hammouda, B
Yang, J
Cheng, G
AF Zhang, Yunyan
Zhao, Wenwen
Yang, Junjiao
Hammouda, Boualem
Yang, Jin
Cheng, Gang
TI SANS study on self-assembled structures of glucose-responsive
phenylboronate ester-containing diblock copolymer
SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE SANS; Glucose responsive; Vesicles; Phenylboronate ester; Phenylboronic
acid
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; NEUTRAL PH; DRUG-DELIVERY; MICELLES;
VESICLES; TRANSITION; INSULIN; WATER; NANOPARTICLES
AB Block copolymers containing boronic acid-functionalized segments belong to an interesting class of materials that can be potentially used in developing self-regulated insulin delivery systems. Determination of the solution structure of these block copolymers is crucial to understanding their performance. Self-assembled structures of glucose-responsive diblock copolymer, poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly[(2-phenylboronate esters-1,3-dioxane-5-ethyl)methylacrylate] (PEG-b-PPBDEMA), in aqueous solution were studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS data suggested that PEG-b-PPBDEMA diblock copolymer with a PEG content of 24 wt.% formed vesicles that responded differently to 0.1% and 0.5 wt.% glucose under physiological conditions. Upon elevation of pH, a shape transition to cylinders was observed. The effect of molarity of the buffer on the stability of the vesicles and micelles was also studied. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yunyan; Zhao, Wenwen; Yang, Jin; Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Junjiao] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Coll Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yang, Jin] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, State Key Lab Chem Resource, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, J; Cheng, G (reprint author), Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM yangj@mail.buct.edu.cn; chenggang@mail.buct.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; Large Scale Scientific
Facility of Chinese Academy of Science [U1432109]; US National Science
Foundation [DMR-1508249]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, and U.S. Department of Energy
FX Gang Cheng's travel to neutron facilities was supported in part by the
joint funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Large
Scale Scientific Facility of Chinese Academy of Science (U1432109). Jin
Yang acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China
(21374005). Gang Cheng thanks Drs. Daisuke Sawada and Sai Venkatesh
Pingali of ORNL for the help with SANS experiments. This work utilized
facilities supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under
Agreement No. DMR-1508249. We acknowledge the support of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in
providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The
identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply
that these are the best for the purpose. The research at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the
Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
and U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 36
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U1 10
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0014-3057
EI 1873-1945
J9 EUR POLYM J
JI Eur. Polym. J.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 83
BP 173
EP 180
DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.019
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA DZ1JS
UT WOS:000385595300017
ER
PT J
AU Gallo, K
Xian, G
AF Gallo, Kevin
Xian, George
TI Changes in satellite-derived impervious surface area at US historical
climatology network stations
SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Impervious surface area; Land cover change; Urbanization; Climate
station siting
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; USE/LAND COVER CHANGE; LAND-COVER;
TEMPERATURE TRENDS; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS; IMAGERY; REGION
AB The difference between 30 m gridded impervious surface area (ISA) between 2001 and 2011 was evaluated within 100 and 1000 m radii of the locations of climate stations that comprise the US Historical Climatology Network. The amount of area associated with observed increases in ISA above specific thresholds was documented for the climate stations. Over 32% of the USHCN stations exhibited an increase in ISA of >= 20% between 2001 and 2011 for at least 1% of the grid cells within a 100 m radius of the station. However, as the required area associated with ISA change was increased from >= 1% to >= 10%, the number of stations that were observed with a >= 20% increase in ISA between 2001 and 2011 decreased to 113 (9% of stations). When the 1000 m radius associated with each station was examined, over 52% (over 600) of the stations exhibited an increase in ISA of >= 20% within at least 1% of the grid cells within that radius. However, as the required area associated with ISA change was increased to >= 10% the number of stations that were observed with a >= 20% increase in ISA between 2001 and 2011 decreased to 35 (less than 3% of the stations). The gridded ISA data provides an opportunity to characterize the environment around climate stations with a consistently measured indicator of a surface feature. Periodic evaluations of changes in the ISA near the USHCN and other networks of stations are recommended to assure the local environment around the stations has not significantly changed such that observations at the stations may be impacted. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).
C1 [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Gallo, Kevin; Xian, George] US Geol Survey, Earth Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
RP Gallo, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov; xian@usgs.gov
RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010
FU NOAA/NESDIS; U.S. Geological Survey; Center for Satellite Applications
and Research
FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Shelley McNeill and Russell
Vose of NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
with providing detailed USHCN station sensor location information. This
manuscript was partially supported by the NOAA/NESDIS, Center for
Satellite Applications and Research and U.S. Geological Survey. The
manuscript contents do not constitute a statement of endorsement,
policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government.
NR 34
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U1 4
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-2716
EI 1872-8235
J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM
JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 120
BP 77
EP 83
DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.08.006
PG 7
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA DZ1KQ
UT WOS:000385597700007
ER
PT J
AU Ferguson, SD
Wellehan, JFX
Frasca, S
Innis, CJ
Harris, HS
Miller, M
Weber, ES
Walden, HS
Greiner, EC
Merigo, C
Stacy, BA
AF Ferguson, Sara D.
Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.
Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.
Innis, Charles J.
Harris, Heather S.
Miller, Melissa
Weber, E. Scott
Walden, Heather Stockdale
Greiner, Ellis C.
Merigo, Constance
Stacy, Brian A.
TI COCCIDIAL INFECTION OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLES
(DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA)
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Eimeriidae; mortality; oocysts; protozoa; qPCR; 18S rRNA; sea turtle
ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTRANUCLEAR COCCIDIOSIS; CHELONIA-MYDAS;
TESTUDINES; MICROWAVE; DIAGNOSIS; BOOTSTRAP; TORTOISES
AB Histologic lesions incidental to the cause of death were observed in the adrenal glands of 17 subadult and adult leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) found dead or moribund on or near shore in North America. Round bodies, 250-300 mu m in diameter composed of an outer capsule and large multinucleated cells surrounding a central mass of acellular material were distributed throughout the affected glands. Protozoal etiology was suspected based on some resemblance to coccidia; however, features diagnostic for coccidial infection were lacking in all but one case, which had a focal area of adrenalitis containing zoites. A novel eucoccidian partial 18S rRNA genetic sequence was consistently detected in adrenal glands with lesions. With the use of quantitative PCR, a specific area of the V4 region of the coccidian 18S gene was quantified in affected adrenal glands and correlated significantly with density of the histologic lesions. A second distinct, but closely related, 18S sequence was also amplified from the adrenal gland of one turtle and from a fecal sample containing unsporulated coccidian oocysts. The two 18S sequences identified from leatherback sea turtles form a clade within the family Eimeriidae. Further investigation is required to understand better the morphology of the life stages, life cycle, and potential effects of this coccidian parasite on adrenal function.
C1 [Ferguson, Sara D.; Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.; Walden, Heather Stockdale; Greiner, Ellis C.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, POB 110126,2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA.
[Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Innis, Charles J.; Weber, E. Scott; Merigo, Constance] New England Aquarium, Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA.
[Harris, Heather S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Miller, Melissa] Marine Wildlife Vet Care & Res Ctr, Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Off Spill Prevent & Response, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Stacy, Brian A.] Univ Florida, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, POB 110885,2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Weber, E. Scott] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, 400 N 8th St,Suite 726, Richmond, VA 23219 USA.
RP Stacy, BA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, POB 110885,2187 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM Brian.Stacy@noaa.gov
FU Morris Animal Foundation Summer Student Scholar Program; US Department
of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service [NA10NMF4720028]
FX We thank participants in the Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network
(US) and the Canadian Sea Turtle Network (Kathleen Martin), Department
of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Population Ecology Division (Mike James
and officers of the Conservation and Protection Division), Florida Fish
and Wildlife Conservation Commission, staff and volunteers of New
England Aquarium, the Marine Mammal Center, :Moss Landing Marine
Laboratories Marine Operations, Jennifer Keene, Robert Prescott, Kara
Dodge, Erin Burke, Michael Dodge, Mark Leach, George Purmont, Molly
Lutcavage, Sea Rogers Williams, Bridget Dunnigan, Don Lewis, Michael
Moore, Darlene Ketten, Betty Lintell, Kate Sampson, Scott Benson, Craig
Harms, Emily Christiansen, Sue Barco, Matthew Godfrey, International
Fund for Animal Welfare, Massachusetts Department of Marine Fisheries,
Massachusetts Audubon Society, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies,
Paul Doshkov and staff of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, and the
California Department of Fish and Wildlife, We thank Chris Gardiner for
review of earlier manuscript drafts and Stephen Daniels for the electron
microscopy services. S.D.F. was supported by the Morris Animal
Foundation Summer Student Scholar Program. Partial funding was provided
by US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service (NA10NMF4720028). Live
turthe capture was conducted under the authority of the National Marine
Fisheries Service Endangered Species Act Section 10 Permit 15672, and
approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the Ness
England Aquarium (06-03) and the University of Massachusetts
(2010-0019).
NR 25
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U1 10
U2 10
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
EI 1943-3700
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 52
IS 4
BP 874
EP 882
DI 10.7589/2015-11-310
PG 9
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA DZ4RG
UT WOS:000385846300012
PM 27455196
ER
PT J
AU Auligne, T
Menetrier, B
Lorenc, AC
Buehner, M
AF Auligne, Thomas
Menetrier, Benjamin
Lorenc, Andrew C.
Buehner, Mark
TI Ensemble-Variational Integrated Localized Data Assimilation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; SQUARE-ROOT
FILTERS; OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; PART I;
SYSTEM; COVARIANCES; SCHEME; FORMULATION
AB Hybrid variational ensemble data assimilation (hybrid DA) is widely used in research and operational systems, and it is considered the current state of the art for the initialization of numerical weather prediction models. However, hybrid DA requires a separate ensemble DA to estimate the uncertainty in the deterministic variational DA, which can be suboptimal both technically and scientifically. A new framework called the ensemble variational integrated localized (EVIL) data assimilation addresses this inconvenience by updating the ensemble analyses using information from the variational deterministic system. The goal of EVIL is to encompass and generalize existing ensemble Kalman filter methods in a variational framework. Particular attention is devoted to the affordability and efficiency of the algorithm in preparation for operational applications.
C1 [Auligne, Thomas; Menetrier, Benjamin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Auligne, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Auligne, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lorenc, Andrew C.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Buehner, Mark] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Data Assimilat & Satellite Meteorol Res Sect, Dorval, PQ, Canada.
RP Auligne, T (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, DSRC Bldg 33,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM thomas.auligne@noaa.gov
FU Air Force Weather Agency
FX Authors would like to thank Chris Snyder (NCAR), Yann Michel
(CNRM-GAME/Meteo-France), and Marc Bocquet (CEREA/INRIA) for numerous
fruitful discussions during the development of EVIL and Luke Peffers (US
Air Force) for his early contribution. Michelle Menard (NCAR) is also
thanked for her careful proofreading. This work has been partially
funded by the Air Force Weather Agency.
NR 45
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U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 10
BP 3677
EP 3696
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0252.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY9EA
UT WOS:000385435200009
ER
PT J
AU Knapp, KR
Matthews, JL
Kossin, JP
Hennon, CC
AF Knapp, Kenneth R.
Matthews, Jessica L.
Kossin, James P.
Hennon, Christopher C.
TI Identification of Tropical Cyclone Storm Types Using Crowdsourcing
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; DVORAK TECHNIQUE; INTENSITY; IBTRACS
AB The Cyclone Center project maintains a website that allows visitors to answer questions based on tropical cyclone satellite imagery. The goal is to provide a reanalysis of satellite-derived tropical cyclone characteristics from a homogeneous historical database composed of satellite imagery with a common spatial resolution for use in long-term, global analyses. The determination of the cyclone "type" (curved band, eye, shear, etc.) is a starting point for this process. This analysis shows how multiple classifications of a single image are combined to provide probabilities of a particular image's type using an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Analysis suggests that the project needs about 10 classifications of an image to adequately determine the storm type. The algorithm is capable of characterizing classifiers with varying levels of expertise, though the project needs about 200 classifications to quantify an individual's precision. The EM classifications are compared with an objective algorithm, satellite fix data, and the classifications of a known classifier. The EM classifications compare well, with best agreement for eye and embedded center storm types and less agreement for shear and when convection is too weak (termed no -storm images). Both the EM algorithm and the known classifier showed similar tendencies when compared against an objective algorithm. The EM algorithm also fared well when compared to tropical cyclone fix datasets, having higher agreement with embedded centers and less agreement for eye images. The results were used to show the distribution of storm types versus wind speed during a storm's lifetime.
C1 [Knapp, Kenneth R.; Matthews, Jessica L.; Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA.
[Matthews, Jessica L.] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA.
[Hennon, Christopher C.] Univ North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM ken.knapp@noaa.gov
FU Risk Prediction Initiative of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences;
Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites North Carolina
(CICS-NC); NOAA through the CICS-NC [NA14NES432003]
FX The authors acknowledge others on the Cyclone Center science team: Paula
Hennon, Michael Kruk, Jared Rennie, Carl Schreck, Scott Stevens, and
Peter Thorne. We are also extremely grateful for the support of the
Citizen Science Alliance development team. Funding and support for Dr.
Hennon was provided in part by the Risk Prediction Initiative of the
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences and the Cooperative Institute for
Climate and Satellites North Carolina (CICS-NC). Dr. Matthews is
supported by NOAA through the CICS-NC under Cooperative Agreement
NA14NES432003. We also appreciate the constructive comments from
Christopher Landsea, Matthew Eastin, and anonymous reviewers. Lastly, we
are grateful for the contributions from the numerous citizen scientists
who have contributed countless hours in providing more than half a
million classifications. In particular, we thank baha23, bretarn,
shocko6l, and sk16284, who have each provided more than 6500
classifications-the equivalent of 1 year of HURSAT data.
NR 25
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U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 10
BP 3783
EP 3798
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0022.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY9EA
UT WOS:000385435200014
ER
PT J
AU Grams, CM
Archambault, HM
AF Grams, Christian M.
Archambault, Heather M.
TI The Key Role of Diabatic Outflow in Amplifying the Midlatitude Flow: A
Representative Case Study of Weather Systems Surrounding Western North
Pacific Extratropical Transition
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDECESSOR RAIN EVENTS; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY PERSPECTIVE; LATENT-HEAT
RELEASE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; PART I; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; RESONANT
INTERACTION; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; KOREAN PENINSULA; TROPOPAUSE FRONT
AB Recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) undergoing extratropical transition (ET) may substantially modify the large-scale midlatitude flow pattern. This study highlights the role of diabatic outflow in midlatitude flow amplification within the context of a review of the physical and dynamical processes involved in ET. Composite fields of 12 western North Pacific ET cases are used as initial and boundary conditions for high-resolution numerical simulations of the North Pacific North American sector with and without the TC present. It is demonstrated that a three-stage sequence of diabatic outflow associated with different weather systems is involved in triggering a highly amplified midlatitude flow pattern: 1) preconditioning by a predecessor rain event (PRE), 2) TC extratropical flow interaction, and 3) downstream flow amplification by a downstream warm conveyor belt (WCB). An ensemble of perturbed simulations demonstrates the robustness of these stages. Beyond earlier studies investigating PREs, recurving TCs, and WCBs individually, here the fact that each impacts the midlatitude flow through a similar sequence of processes surrounding ET is highlighted. Latent heat release in rapidly ascending air leads to a net transport of low-PV air into the upper troposphere. Negative PV advection by the diabatically driven outflow initiates ridge building, accelerates and anchors a midlatitude jet streak, and overall amplifies the upper-level Rossby wave pattern. However, the three weather systems markedly differ in terms of the character of diabatic heating and associated outflow height, with the TC outflow reaching highest and the downstream WCB outflow producing the strongest negative PV anomaly.
C1 [Grams, Christian M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Archambault, Heather M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA.
[Archambault, Heather M.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Grams, CM (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM christian.grams@env.ethz.ch
RI Grams, Christian/E-5331-2016
OI Grams, Christian/0000-0003-3466-9389
FU German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the research unit PANDOWAE
[FOR896]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Ambizione fellowship
[PZ00P2_148177/1]; Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology Program
[ONR-N0001413WX20832]; National Science Foundation [AGS-0849356]; U.K.'s
National Centre for Atmospheric Science Computational Modeling Services
(NCAS-CMS)
FX The contribution of CMG was supported by the German Research Foundation
(DFG) as part of the research unit PANDOWAE (FOR896) and finished while
CMG held a Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Ambizione fellowship
(PZ00P2_148177/1). The majority of this work was performed while HMA was
an NRC postdoctoral fellow at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey,
California. The Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology Program
(Grant ONR-N0001413WX20832) and the National Science Foundation (Grant
AGS-0849356) supported the contribution of HMA. We are deeply grateful
to Heini Wernli for generous support that facilitated the collaboration.
We acknowledge the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology
MeteoSwiss, the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), and the Center for Climate
Systems Modeling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich for support with the COSMO model
and for providing access to ECMWF data. We thank Sarah Jones, Pat Han,
Rich Moore, and Heini Wernli for several discussions that helped
interpreting the results and outlining the manuscript. Likewise we thank
Julia Keller, Julian Quinting, Michael Riemer, the Atmospheric Dynamics
group at ETH, and the PANDOWAE Young Scientists for sharing their ideas
and discussing our project. We are grateful to Sylvaine Ferrachat, Anne
Roches, and Stephan Pfahl for support running the COSMO model and
providing the code for the no-LH experiment Thanks are due to Bob
Creasey at NPS for his generous assistance to HMA in data processing.
The data analysis and visualization was partly done using the NCAR
Command Language (I.JCAR/NCAR/CISLNETS 2014). The code used to determine
the QG forcing was derived from code in NDDIAG, a diagnostics package
developed and supported by the U.K.'s National Centre for Atmospheric
Science Computational Modeling Services (NCAS-CMS). We thank Maxi
Boettcher, Heini Wernli, and Sue Gray for their support and giving
access to this diagnostic. Finally, we thank the editor Ron
McTaggart-Cowan and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism
and thoughtful feedback that substantially helped to improve the
presentation of our results.
NR 83
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U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 10
BP 3847
EP 3869
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0419.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY9EA
UT WOS:000385435200017
ER
PT J
AU Han, H
Li, J
Goldberg, M
Wang, P
Li, JL
Li, ZL
Sohn, BJ
Li, J
AF Han, Hyojin
Li, Jun
Goldberg, Mitch
Wang, Pei
Li, Jinlong
Li, Zhenglong
Sohn, B. -J.
Li, Juan
TI Microwave Sounder Cloud Detection Using a Collocated High-Resolution
Imager and Its Impact on Radiance Assimilation in Tropical Cyclone
Forecasts
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID DIRECT 4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; VIIRS; MODIS;
CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; RADIOMETER; FY-3A; AMSU
AB Accurate cloud detection is one of the most important factors in satellite data assimilation due to the uncertainties associated with cloud properties and their impacts on satellite-simulated radiances. To enhance the accuracy of cloud detection and improve radiance assimilation for tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts, measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on board the Aqua satellite and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) are collocated with high spatial resolution cloud products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board Aqua and the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite. The cloud-screened microwave radiance measurements are assimilated for Hurricane Sandy (2012) and Typhoon Haiyan (2013) forecasts using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR)-based Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system. Experiments are carried out to determine the optimal thresholds of cloud fraction (CF) for minimizing track and intensity forecast errors. The results indicate that the use of high spatial resolution cloud products can improve the accuracy of TC forecasts by better eliminating cloud-contaminated microwave sounder field-of-views (FOVs). In conclusion, the combination of advanced microwave sounders and collocated high spatial resolution imagers is able to improve the radiance assimilation and TC forecasts. The methodology used in this study can be applied to process data from other pairs of microwave sounders and imagers on board the same platform.
C1 [Han, Hyojin; Li, Jun; Wang, Pei; Li, Jinlong; Li, Zhenglong] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Han, Hyojin] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Sci, Jeju Do, South Korea.
[Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, NESDIS, Joint Polar Satellite Syst, Lanham, MD USA.
[Wang, Pei] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
[Sohn, B. -J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea.
[Li, Juan] China Meteorol Adm, Numer Weather Predict Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Han, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM hyojin.han@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Li, Jun/H-3579-2015
OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627
FU JPSS; GOES-R [NA1ONES4400013]; Korea Meteorological Administration
Research and Development Program [KMIPA 2015-1060]; CMA [GYHY20140611]
FX This work is partly supported by the JPSS visiting scientist and GOES-R
high impact weather programs under Grant NA1ONES4400013. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors
and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or
decision. B.-J. Sohn was supported by the Korea Meteorological
Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA
2015-1060. Juan Li was supported by CMA GYHY20140611. The authors also
acknowledge the CISL Research Data Archive (http://rda.ucar.edu/), GES
DISC (http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/), LAADS Web
(https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/), and NOAA CLASS
(http://www.class.ngdc.noaa.gov/) websites for the online use of their
valuable data.
NR 60
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 10
BP 3937
EP 3959
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0300.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY9EA
UT WOS:000385435200021
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, A
Wen, CH
AF Kumar, Arun
Wen, Caihong
TI An Oceanic Heat Content-Based Definition for the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; ENSO; SYSTEM;
TRENDS
AB Based on the variability of heat content in the upper 300 m of the ocean (HC300), the feasibility of defining an index of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is explored. The motivation for defining the PDO index on HC300 stems from the following considerations: (i) a need to accentuate lower-frequency variations in the monitoring of PDO and (ii) to take into account variations in the temperatures associated with the PDO that extend throughout the upper ocean (and are modulated by the seasonal cycle of mixed layer variability). It is demonstrated that an HC300-based definition is better suited to encapsulate these characteristics in the PDO variability. The variability in an HC300-based definition is also contrasted with the traditional definition of the PDO based on SSTs.
C1 [Kumar, Arun; Wen, Caihong] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA.
[Wen, Caihong] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office and Climate Observation Division
FX We thank comments by two anonymous reviewers and by the editor. We also
thank NOAA's Climate Program Office and Climate Observation Division for
their support. Editorial assistance by Janie Nall is also appreciated.
NR 30
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U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 10
BP 3977
EP 3984
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0080.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY9EA
UT WOS:000385435200023
ER
PT J
AU Ren, XC
Singh, AK
Fang, L
Kanatzidis, MG
Tavazza, F
Davydov, AV
Lauhon, LJ
AF Ren, Xiaochen
Singh, Arunima K.
Fang, Lei
Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
Tavazza, Francesca
Davydov, Albert V.
Lauhon, Lincoln J.
TI Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Ag Doping in 2D Layered Material
(PbSe)(5)(Bi2Se3)(3)
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atom probe tomography; doping; 2D materials; DFT; Materials genome
initiative
ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; SINGLE DIRAC CONE; FIELD EVAPORATION;
MOS2; GRAPHENE; SURFACE
AB Impurity doping in two-dimensional (2D) materials can provide a route to tuning electronic properties, so it is important to be able to determine the distribution of dopant atoms within and between layers. Here we report the totnographic mapping of dopants in layered 2D materials with atomic sensitivity and subnanometer spatial resolution using atom, probe tomography (APT). APT analysis shows that Ag dopes both Bi2Se3 and PbSe layers in (PbSe)(5)(Bi2Se3)(3), and correlations :in the position of Ag atoms suggest a pairing across neighboring Bi2Se3 and PbSe layers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculatiOns confirm the favorability of substitutional-doping for both Pb and Bi and provide insights into the,observed spatial correlations in dopant locations.
C1 [Ren, Xiaochen; Lauhon, Lincoln J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Singh, Arunima K.; Tavazza, Francesca; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fang, Lei; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Fang, Lei; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Lauhon, LJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM lauhon@northwestern.edu
RI REN, XIAOCHEN/G-3364-2012
OI REN, XIAOCHEN/0000-0001-5665-1038
FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design
(CHiMaD) [70NANB14H012]; Materials Genome Initiative; Professional
Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship [70NANB11H012]; National
Science Foundation's MRSEC program [DMR-1121262]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division;
Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-DMR1S0006]; National Science
Foundation [ACI-1053575]
FX This work was performed under the following financial assistance award
70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of
Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical
Materials Design (CHiMaD). F.T. and A.V.D. are funded by the Materials
Genome Initiative funding allocated to National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST). A.K.S. is funded by the Professional Research
Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship under Award No. 70NANB11H012. Atom
probe tomography was performed at the Northwestern University Center for
Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), which is a Shared Facility at the
Materials Research Center of Northwestern University, supported by the
National Science Foundation's MRSEC program (DMR-1121262). Work at
Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.
Computational resources were provided by the Texas Advanced Computing
Center under Contract No. TG-DMR1S0006. This work used the Extreme
Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is
supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. ACI-1053575. The
authors thank R. G. Hennig for helpful discussions.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 26
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 6064
EP 6069
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02104
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA DY9QI
UT WOS:000385469800014
PM 27603879
ER
PT J
AU Labrador, NY
Li, XX
Liu, YK
Tan, HY
Wang, RY
Koberstein, JT
Moffat, TP
Esposito, DV
AF Labrador, Natalie Y.
Li, Xinxin
Liu, Yukun
Tan, Haiyan
Wang, Rongyue
Koberstein, Jeffrey T.
Moffat, Thomas P.
Esposito, Daniel V.
TI Enhanced Performance of Si MIS Photocathodes Containing Oxide Coated
Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Photoelectrochemistry; photocatalysis; electrocatalysis; UV-ozone;
silicon; platinum; nanoparticles; silicon dioxide
ID WATER OXIDATION; SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS;
HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; ENERGY-CONVERSION; H-2 EVOLUTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL
DEPOSITION; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; SILICON
PHOTOCATHODE
AB Electrodepositing low loadings of metallic nanoparticle catalysts onto the surface of semiconducting photoelectrodes is a highly attractive approach for decreasing catalyst costs and minimizing optical losses. However, securely anchoring nanoparticles to the photoelectrode surface can be challenging-especially if the surface is covered by a thin insulating overlayer. Herein, we report on Si-based photocathodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction that overcome this problem through the use of a 2-10 nm thick layer of silicon oxide (SiOx) that is deposited on top of Pt nanoparticle catalysts that were first electrodeposited on a 1.5 nm SiO2 vertical bar p-Si(100) absorber layer. Such insulator-metal-insulator-semiconductor (IMIS) photoelectrodes exhibit superior durability and charge transfer properties compared to metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) control samples that lacked the secondary SiOx overlayer. Systematic investigation of the influence of particle loading, SiOx layer thickness, and illumination intensity suggests that the SiOx layer possesses moderate conductivity, thereby reducing charge transfer resistance associated with high local tunneling current densities between the p-Si and Pt nanoparticles. Importantly, the IMIS architecture is proven to be a highly effective approach for stabilizing electrocatalytic nanoparticles deposited on insulating overlayers without adversely affecting mass transport of reactant and product species associated with the hydrogen evolution reaction.
C1 [Labrador, Natalie Y.; Li, Xinxin; Liu, Yukun; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.; Esposito, Daniel V.] Columbia Univ, Lenfest Ctr Sustainable Energy, Dept Chem Engn, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Tan, Haiyan; Wang, Rongyue; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Esposito, DV (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lenfest Ctr Sustainable Energy, Dept Chem Engn, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM de2300@colurnbia.edu
FU Columbia University; National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for
Precision Assembly of Superstratic and Superatomic Solids [DMR-1420634]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Chathuranga De Silva for
assistance with XPS measurements. D.V.E. and N.Y.L. acknowledge Columbia
University (start-up funds) and the National Science Foundation (NSF)
Center for Precision Assembly of Superstratic and Superatomic Solids for
funding (DMR-1420634).
NR 70
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 25
U2 25
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 6452
EP 6459
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02909
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA DY9QI
UT WOS:000385469800067
PM 27635659
ER
PT J
AU Oh, YW
Baek, SHC
Kim, YM
Lee, HY
Lee, KD
Yang, CG
Park, ES
Lee, KS
Kim, KW
Go, G
Jeong, JR
Min, BC
Lee, HW
Lee, KJ
Park, BG
AF Oh, Young-Wan
Baek, Seung-Heon Chris
Kim, Y. M.
Lee, Hae Yeon
Lee, Kyeong-Dong
Yang, Chang-Geun
Park, Eun-Sang
Lee, Ki-Seung
Kim, Kyoung-Whan
Go, Gyungchoon
Jeong, Jong-Ryul
Min, Byoung-Chul
Lee, Hyun-Woo
Lee, Kyung-Jin
Park, Byong-Guk
TI Field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization through spin-orbit
torque in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet/oxide structures
SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOMAIN-WALLS; SPINTRONICS
AB Spin-orbit torques arising from the spin-orbit coupling of non-magnetic heavy metals allow electrical switching of perpendicular magnetization. However, the switching is not purely electrical in laterally homogeneous structures. An extra in-plane magnetic field is indeed required to achieve deterministic switching, and this is detrimental for device applications. On the other hand, if antiferromagnets can generate spin-orbit torques, they may enable all-electrical deterministic switching because the desired magnetic field may be replaced by their exchange bias. Here we report sizeable spin-orbit torques in IrMn/CoFeB/MgO structures. The antiferromagnetic IrMn layer also supplies an in-plane exchange bias field, which enables all-electrical deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization without any assistance from an external magnetic field. Together with sizeable spin-orbit torques, these features make antiferromagnets a promising candidate for future spintronic devices. We also show that the signs of the spin-orbit torques in various IrMn-based structures cannot be explained by existing theories and thus significant theoretical progress is required.
C1 [Oh, Young-Wan; Baek, Seung-Heon Chris; Kim, Y. M.; Lee, Hae Yeon; Lee, Kyeong-Dong; Park, Byong-Guk] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
[Oh, Young-Wan; Baek, Seung-Heon Chris; Kim, Y. M.; Lee, Hae Yeon; Lee, Kyeong-Dong; Park, Byong-Guk] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, KI Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
[Baek, Seung-Heon Chris] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
[Yang, Chang-Geun; Lee, Ki-Seung; Go, Gyungchoon; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
[Yang, Chang-Geun; Park, Eun-Sang; Min, Byoung-Chul] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Spintron, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
[Park, Eun-Sang; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
[Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
[Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
[Kim, Kyoung-Whan] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Kim, Kyoung-Whan] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Basic Sci Res Inst, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
[Jeong, Jong-Ryul] Chungnam Natl Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
RP Lee, KJ (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea.; Lee, KJ (reprint author), Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
EM kj_lee@korea.ac.kr; bgpark@kaist.ac.kr
RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008;
OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093;
Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088; Min,
Byoung-Chul/0000-0001-8215-3286
FU Creative Materials Discovery Program through the National Research
Foundation of Korea [NRF-2015M3D1A1070465]; NRF
[NRF-2014R1A2A1A11051344, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188,
NRF-2013R1A2A2A05006237, NRF-2013R1A2A2A01067144]; KIST [2E26380]
FX The authors acknowledge R. D. McMichael, M. D. Stiles, J. McClelland,
and S.-B. Choe for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was
supported by Creative Materials Discovery Program through the National
Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015M3D1A1070465). Further financial
support from the NRF was provided to B.-G. P. (NRF-2014R1A2A1A11051344),
K.-J.L. (NRF-2013R1A2A2A01013188), H.-W.L. (NRF-2013R1A2A2A05006237) and
J-R.J. (NRF-2013R1A2A2A01067144). B.-C. M. was awarded financial support
from the KIST institutional programme (2E26380).
NR 33
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 39
U2 39
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1748-3387
EI 1748-3395
J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Nanotechnol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 10
BP 878
EP +
DI 10.1038/NNANO.2016.109
PG 8
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DZ4BQ
UT WOS:000385802900013
PM 27428279
ER
PT J
AU Smith, J
Lee, A
Richerme, P
Neyenhuis, B
Hess, PW
Hauke, P
Heyl, M
Huse, DA
Monroe, C
AF Smith, J.
Lee, A.
Richerme, P.
Neyenhuis, B.
Hess, P. W.
Hauke, P.
Heyl, M.
Huse, D. A.
Monroe, C.
TI Many-body localization in a quantum simulator with programmable random
disorder
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; RANGE INTERACTIONS;
THERMALIZATION; SYSTEM; ENTANGLEMENT; PROPAGATION
AB When a system thermalizes it loses all memory of its initial conditions. Even within a closed quantum system, subsystems usually thermalize using the rest of the system as a heat bath. Exceptions to quantum thermalization have been observed, but typically require inherent symmetries(1,2) or noninteracting particles in the presence of static disorder(3-6). However, for strong interactions and high excitation energy there are cases, known as many-body localization (MBL), where disordered quantum systems can fail to thermalize(7-10). We experimentally generate MBL states by applying an Ising Hamiltonian with long-range interactions and programmable random disorder to ten spins initialized far from equilibrium. Using experimental and numerical methods we observe the essential signatures of MBL: initial-state memory retention, Poissonian distributed energy level spacings, and evidence of long-time entanglement growth. Our platform can be scaled to more spins, where a detailed modelling of MBL becomes impossible.
C1 [Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Neyenhuis, B.; Hess, P. W.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Neyenhuis, B.; Hess, P. W.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Richerme, P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Hauke, P.; Heyl, M.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Hauke, P.; Heyl, M.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Heyl, M.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
[Huse, D. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Smith, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Smith, J (reprint author), NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM htimsjacob@gmail.com
OI Hess, Paul/0000-0003-2985-4221
FU ARO Atomic; Molecular Physics Program; AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement
and Verification; IARPA MQCO Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center;
Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina [LPDS 2013-07, LPDR
2015-01]; EU IP SIQS; SFB FoQuS (FWF Project) [F4016-N23]; ERC synergy
grant UQUAM
FX We thank L. Duan, Z.-X. Gong, T. Grover, C. Laumann, S. Wang, N. Yao and
J. Zhang for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the ARO
Atomic and Molecular Physics Program, the AFOSR MURI on Quantum
Measurement and Verification, the IARPA MQCO Program, and the NSF
Physics Frontier Center at JQI. M.H. acknowledges the Deutsche Akademie
der Naturforscher Leopoldina (grant No. LPDS 2013-07 and LPDR 2015-01)
and P.H. acknowledges the EU IP SIQS, the SFB FoQuS (FWF Project No.
F4016-N23) and the ERC synergy grant UQUAM.
NR 30
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 8
U2 8
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 10
BP 907
EP 911
DI 10.1038/NPHYS3783
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DY7VP
UT WOS:000385337700011
ER
PT J
AU Balz, C
Lake, B
Reuther, J
Luetkens, H
Schonemann, R
Herrmannsdorfers, T
Singh, Y
Islam, ATMN
Wheeler, EM
Rodriguez-Rivera, JA
Guidi, T
Simeoni, GG
Baines, C
Ryll, H
AF Balz, Christian
Lake, Bella
Reuther, Johannes
Luetkens, Hubertus
Schoenemann, Rico
Herrmannsdoerfers, Thomas
Singh, Yogesh
Islam, A. T. M. Nazmul
Wheeler, Elisa M.
Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.
Guidi, Tatiana
Simeoni, Giovanna G.
Baines, Chris
Ryll, Hanjo
TI Physical realization of a quantum spin liquid based on a complex
frustration mechanism
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID KAGOME HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; VALENCE-BOND; GROUND-STATE;
EXCITATIONS; LATTICE; CHAIN; MODEL; WAVE
AB Unlike conventional magnets where the magnetic moments are partially or completely static in the ground state, in a quantum spin liquid they remain in collective motion down to the lowest temperatures. The importance of this state is that it is coherent and highly entangled without breaking local symmetries. In the case of magnets with isotropic interactions, spin liquid behaviour is sought in simple lattices with antiferromagnetic interactions that favour antiparallel alignments of the magnetic moments and are incompatible with the lattice geometries. Despite an extensive search, experimental realizations remain very few. Here we investigate the novel, unexplored magnet Ca10Cr7O28, which has a complex Hamiltonian consisting of several different isotropic interactions and where the ferromagnetic couplings are stronger than the antiferromagnetic ones. We show both experimentally and theoretically that it displays all the features expected of a quantum spin liquid. Thus spin-liquid behaviour in isotropic magnets is not restricted to the simple idealized models currently investigated, but can be compatible with complex structures and ferromagnetic interactions.
C1 [Balz, Christian; Lake, Bella; Reuther, Johannes; Islam, A. T. M. Nazmul; Ryll, Hanjo] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Balz, Christian; Lake, Bella] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
[Reuther, Johannes] Free Univ Berlin, Dahlem Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
[Reuther, Johannes] Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
[Luetkens, Hubertus; Baines, Chris] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Schoenemann, Rico; Herrmannsdoerfers, Thomas] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Hochfeld Magnetlabor Dresden HLD EMFL, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
[Singh, Yogesh] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res IISER Mohali, Sect 81, Knowledge City 140306, Mohali, India.
[Wheeler, Elisa M.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
[Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guidi, Tatiana] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Simeoni, Giovanna G.] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RP Balz, C (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.; Balz, C (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
EM christian.balz@helmholtz-berlin.de
RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Luetkens, Hubertus/G-1831-2011;
OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Lake,
Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964; Balz, Christian/0000-0003-0961-2794
FU Helmholtz Gemeinschaft via the Helmholtz Virtual Institute [HVI-521];
DFG through Research Training Group [GRK 1621, SFB 1143]; HLD-HZDR;
National Science Foundation [DMA-1508249]; Freie Universitat Berlin,
within the Excellence Initiative of the German Research Foundation
FX We thank S. Toth for his help with the SpinW program and E. J. Bergholtz
for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the Helmholtz Gemeinschaft for
funding via the Helmholtz Virtual Institute (Project No. HVI-521) and
DFG through Research Training Group GRK 1621 and SFB 1143. We also
acknowledge the support of the HLD-HZDR, a member of the European
Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL). This work used facilities supported in
part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMA-1508249.
J.R. was supported by the Freie Universitat Berlin, within the
Excellence Initiative of the German Research Foundation.
NR 46
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 23
U2 23
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 10
BP 942
EP 949
DI 10.1038/NPHYS3829
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DY7VP
UT WOS:000385337700018
ER
PT J
AU Mann, IR
Ozeke, LG
Murphy, KR
Claudepierre, SG
Turner, DL
Baker, DN
Rae, IJ
Kale, A
Milling, DK
Boyd, AJ
Spence, HE
Reeves, GD
Singer, HJ
Dimitrakoudis, S
Daglis, IA
Honary, F
AF Mann, I. R.
Ozeke, L. G.
Murphy, K. R.
Claudepierre, S. G.
Turner, D. L.
Baker, D. N.
Rae, I. J.
Kale, A.
Milling, D. K.
Boyd, A. J.
Spence, H. E.
Reeves, G. D.
Singer, H. J.
Dimitrakoudis, S.
Daglis, I. A.
Honary, F.
TI Explaining the dynamics of the ultra-relativistic third Van Allen
radiation belt
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC STORM; CHORUS WAVES;
DIFFUSION; DROPOUTS; LOSSES; RING
AB Since the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts over 50 years ago, an explanation for their complete dynamics has remained elusive. Especially challenging is understanding the recently discovered ultra-relativistic third electron radiation belt. Current theory asserts that loss in the heart of the outer belt, essential to the formation of the third belt, must be controlled by high-frequency plasma wave-particle scattering into the atmosphere, via whistler mode chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, or electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. However, this has failed to accurately reproduce the third belt. Using a data driven, time-dependent specification of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves we show for the first time how the third radiation belt is established as a simple, elegant consequence of storm-time extremely fast outward ULF wave transport. High-frequency wave-particle scattering loss into the atmosphere is not needed in this case. When rapid ULF wave transport coupled to a dynamic boundary is accurately specified, the sensitive dynamics controlling the enigmatic ultra-relativistic third radiation belt are naturally explained.
C1 [Mann, I. R.; Ozeke, L. G.; Murphy, K. R.; Kale, A.; Milling, D. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada.
[Murphy, K. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Claudepierre, S. G.; Turner, D. L.] Aerosp Corp, POB 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
[Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rae, I. J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Boyd, A. J.; Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci, NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dimitrakoudis, S.; Daglis, I. A.] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron Astrophys Space Applicat & Remote Sen, Penteli 15236, Greece.
[Daglis, I. A.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece.
[Honary, F.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England.
RP Mann, IR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada.
EM imann@ualberta.ca
RI Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013;
OI Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; Mann, Ian/0000-0003-1004-7841
FU Canadian NSERC; STFC [ST/L000563/1]; NERC [NE/L007495/1]; NSERC
Postdoctoral Fellowship; Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NAS5-02099];
RBSP-ECT - JHU/APL under NASA's Prime [967399, NAS5-01072]; MAARBLE
(Monitoring, Analyzing and Assessing Radiation Belt Loss and
Energization) consortium; European Community [284520]
FX I.R.M. is supported by a Discovery Grant from Canadian NSERC. I.J.R. is
funded by STFC grant ST/L000563/1 and NERC grant NE/L007495/1. K.R.M. is
supported by an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship. CARISMA is operated by
the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency. We
acknowledge the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University, Japan for the
geomagnetic indices. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V.
Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission. Specifically D.
Larson and R. P. Lin for use of SST data and C. W Carlson and J. P.
McFadden for use of ESA data. We thank A. Kellerman and T. Onsager for
helpful discussions. This work was supported by RBSP-ECT funding
provided by JHU/APL Contract No. 967399 under NASA's Prime Contract No.
NAS5-01072. The Sub-Auroral Magnetometer Network (SAMNET) is operated by
the Space Plasma Environment and Radio Science (SPEARS) group,
Department of Physics, Lancaster University. We thank the institutes who
maintain the IMAGE Magnetometer Array. This work was supported in part
by participation in the MAARBLE (Monitoring, Analyzing and Assessing
Radiation Belt Loss and Energization) consortium. MAARBLE has received
funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7-SPACE-2010-1, SP1 Cooperation, Collaborative project) under grant
agreement no 284520. This paper reflects only the authors' views and the
European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the
information contained herein.
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 10
BP 978
EP 983
DI 10.1038/NPHYS3799
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DY7VP
UT WOS:000385337700023
ER
PT J
AU Ohno, H
Stiles, MD
Dieny, B
AF Ohno, Hideo
Stiles, Mark D.
Dieny, Bernard
TI Spintronics
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Ohno, Hideo] Tohoku Univ, Res Inst Elect Commun, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
[Ohno, Hideo] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Spintron Integrated Syst, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
[Ohno, Hideo] Tohoku Univ, Spintron Res Network, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
[Ohno, Hideo] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
[Ohno, Hideo] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Innovat Integrated Elect Syst, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
[Ohno, Hideo] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
[Stiles, Mark D.] AT&T Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ USA.
[Stiles, Mark D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stiles, Mark D.] Top Grp Magnetism, Boston, MA USA.
[Dieny, Bernard] SPINTEC, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Ohno, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Res Inst Elect Commun, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.; Ohno, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Ctr Spintron Integrated Syst, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.; Ohno, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Spintron Res Network, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.; Ohno, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.; Ohno, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Ctr Innovat Integrated Elect Syst, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.; Ohno, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
RI Ohno, Hideo/E-6453-2010;
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 14
U2 14
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9219
EI 1558-2256
J9 P IEEE
JI Proc. IEEE
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 104
IS 10
SI SI
BP 1782
EP 1786
DI 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2601163
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA DY8IB
UT WOS:000385371800002
PM 27881880
ER
PT J
AU Grollier, J
Querlioz, D
Stiles, MD
AF Grollier, Julie
Querlioz, Damien
Stiles, Mark D.
TI Spintronic Nanodevices for Bioinspired Computing
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioinspired computing; magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs); spintronics
ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; TRANSFER TORQUE DEVICES; SPIN-POLARIZED
CURRENT; DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; STOCHASTIC RESONANCE;
NEUROMORPHIC SYSTEMS; PHASE-LOCKING; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE
AB Bioinspired hardware holds the promise of low-energy, intelligent, and highly adaptable computing systems. Applications span from automatic classification for big data management, through unmanned vehicle control, to control for biomedical prosthesis. However, one of the major challenges of fabricating bioinspired hardware is building ultra-high-density networks out of complex processing units interlinked by tunable connections. Nanometer-scale devices exploiting spin electronics (or spintronics) can be a key technology in this context. In particular, magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are well suited for this purpose because of their multiple tunable functionalities. One such functionality, nonvolatile memory, can provide massive embedded memory in unconventional circuits, thus escaping the von-Neumann bottleneck arising when memory and processors are located separately. Other features of spintronic devices that could be beneficial for bioinspired computing include tunable fast nonlinear dynamics, controlled stochasticity, and the ability of single devices to change functions in different operating conditions. Large networks of interacting spintronic nanodevices can have their interactions tuned to induce complex dynamics such as synchronization, chaos, soliton diffusion, phase transitions, criticality, and convergence to multiple metastable states. A number of groups have recently proposed bioinspired architectures that include one or several types of spintronic nanodevices. In this paper, we show how spintronics can be used for bioinspired computing. We review the different approaches that have been proposed, the recent advances in this direction, and the challenges toward fully integrated spintronics complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) bioinspired hardware.
C1 [Grollier, Julie] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Unite Mixte Phys, F-91767 Palaiseau, France.
[Querlioz, Damien] Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol, F-91405 Orsay, France.
[Stiles, Mark D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Grollier, J (reprint author), Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Unite Mixte Phys, F-91767 Palaiseau, France.
EM julie.grollier@thalesgroup.com; damien.querlioz@u-psud.fr;
mark.stiles@nist.gov
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
FU European Research Council ERC [682955]; European FET-OPEN Bambi
[618024]; French ANR MEMOS [ANR-14-CE26-0021]
FX This work was supported in part by the European Research Council ERC
under Grant bioSPINspired 682955, by the European FET-OPEN Bambi under
Project 618024, and by the French ANR MEMOS under Grant
ANR-14-CE26-0021.
NR 147
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 26
U2 26
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9219
EI 1558-2256
J9 P IEEE
JI Proc. IEEE
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 104
IS 10
SI SI
BP 2024
EP 2039
DI 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2597152
PG 16
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA DY8IB
UT WOS:000385371800013
PM 27881881
ER
PT J
AU Liu, CI
Wu, BY
Chuang, CS
Lee, YC
Ho, YJ
Yang, YF
Elmquist, RE
Lo, ST
Liang, CT
AF Liu, Chieh-I
Wu, Bi-Yi
Chuang, Chiashain
Lee, Ya-Chi
Ho, Yi-Ju
Yang, Yanfei
Elmquist, Randolph E.
Lo, Shun-Tsung
Liang, Chi-Te
TI Variable range hopping and nonlinear transport in monolayer epitaxial
graphene grown on SiC
SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE graphene; variable range hopping; activationless hopping
ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; COULOMB GAP
AB We report experimental results on variable range hopping (VRH) and nonlinear transport in monolayer epitaxial graphene. In the linear regime in which the conductance is independent of voltage, the resistance curve derivative analysis method can be used to unequivocally determine whether Mott VRH or Efros-Shklovskii VRH is the dominant transport mechanism in our devices. In the nonlinear regime in which the conductance shows a strong dependence on voltage, we find that our experimental results can be successfully described by existing theoretical models. We suggest that the observed vastly different exponents in the threshold voltage-temperature dependence require further experimental and theoretical studies.
C1 [Liu, Chieh-I; Wu, Bi-Yi; Ho, Yi-Ju; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[Chuang, Chiashain; Lee, Ya-Chi; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[Chuang, Chiashain] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Adv Integrat Sci, Chiba 263, Japan.
[Yang, Yanfei; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lo, Shun-Tsung] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
RP Liang, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Liang, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Elmquist, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM randolph.elmquist@nist.gov; ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009
OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949
FU Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan; JSPS
FX This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST),
Taiwan. As an International Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science (JSPS), C Chuang acknowledges the JSPS Postdoctoral
Fellowship.
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 16
U2 16
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0268-1242
EI 1361-6641
J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH
JI Semicond. Sci. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 10
AR 105008
DI 10.1088/0268-1242/31/10/105008
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA DY8YH
UT WOS:000385418000001
ER
PT J
AU Deng, G
Zhu, YJ
Gong, JD
Chen, DH
Wobus, R
Zhang, Z
AF Deng, Guo
Zhu, Yuejian
Gong, Jiandong
Chen, Dehui
Wobus, Richard
Zhang, Zhe
TI The effects of land surface process perturbations in a global ensemble
forecast system
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE perturbation; land surface processes; GEFS; ensemble transform with
rescaling
ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS;
ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; KALMAN FILTER; TRANSFORM; SCHEMES; IMPACT;
MODEL; VERIFICATION
AB Atmospheric variability is driven not only by internal dynamics, but also by external forcing, such as soil states, SST, snow, sea-ice cover, and so on. To investigate the forecast uncertainties and effects of land surface processes on numerical weather prediction, we added modules to perturb soil moisture and soil temperature into NCEP's Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), and compared the results of a set of experiments involving different configurations of land surface and atmospheric perturbation. It was found that uncertainties in different soil layers varied due to the multiple timescales of interactions between land surface and atmospheric processes. Perturbations of the soil moisture and soil temperature at the land surface changed sensible and latent heat flux obviously, as compared to the less or indirect land surface perturbation experiment from the day-to-day forecasts. Soil state perturbations led to greater variation in surface heat fluxes that transferred to the upper troposphere, thus reflecting interactions and the response to atmospheric external forcing. Various verification scores were calculated in this study. The results indicated that taking the uncertainties of land surface processes into account in GEFS could contribute a slight improvement in forecast skill in terms of resolution and reliability, a noticeable reduction in forecast error, as well as an increase in ensemble spread in an under-dispersive system. This paper provides a preliminary evaluation of the effects of land surface processes on predictability. Further research using more complex and suitable methods is needed to fully explore our understanding in this area.
C1 [Deng, Guo; Gong, Jiandong; Chen, Dehui] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Zhu, Yuejian; Wobus, Richard] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Zhang, Zhe] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
RP Deng, G (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM deng719@cma.gov.cn
FU National Fundamental (973) Research Program of China [2013CB430100];
Special Fund for Meteorological Scientific Research in the Public
Interest [GYHY201506005]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
[41475097, 41075079, 41275065, 41475054]
FX We are grateful to the computing resources and data provided by the
NCEP. This research was supported by the National Fundamental (973)
Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB430100), the Special Fund for
Meteorological Scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No.
GYHY201506005), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant Nos. 41475097, 41075079, 41275065 and 41475054). Two anonymous
reviewers provided constructive comments that helped improve the
manuscript. Dr. Jun Du from NCEP provided much help with the structure
of the manuscript, as well as helping to improve the English.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
EI 1861-9533
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 10
SI SI
BP 1199
EP 1208
DI 10.1007/s00376-016-6036-8
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY5JY
UT WOS:000385137100011
ER
PT J
AU Vogt, BJ
Hodanish, SJ
AF Vogt, Brandon J.
Hodanish, Stephen J.
TI A geographical analysis of warm season lightning/landscape interactions
across Colorado, USA
SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Lightning; Mountain weather; Meteorology; Mountain geography; Colorado
geography
ID GROUND LIGHTNING FLASHES; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES;
SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CLOUD; WILDFIRE; GEORGIA; CLIMATOLOGY; PATTERNS;
FORESTS; SUMMER
AB This article analyzes lightning/landscape interactions across the State of Colorado. Ten years (2003-2012) of warm season cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity are mapped at 500 x 500 m(2) to characterize the distribution of thunderstorm activity. Geospatial analyses quantify lightning activity by elevation, physiographic region, and mountain range, and time-series animations outline the general movement of thunderstorms. From these spatio-temporal perspectives, our objective is to elucidate lightning/landscape interactions as they occur over a topographically and climatologically diverse landscape. The information aids meteorologists by exposing orographic and rainshadow effects, mesoscale meteorological effects, fluxes of moisture sources, thunderstorm initiation zones, and thunderstorm movements. Other benefits extend to wildland fire managers, those who maintain lightning-vulnerable infrastructures, and, from a human risk perspective, an overall awareness to those who work and play outdoors. Major findings include (1) elevation alone does not determine the degree of lightning activity, (2) across the state's mountain ranges, lightning density varies considerably, but the number of lightning days does not, and (3) the time of lightning initiation and maxima varies by elevation, with higher mountain elevations experiencing most activity 1 h before lower mountain elevations, and 3 h before lower Great Plains locations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Vogt, Brandon J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.
[Hodanish, Stephen J.] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Pueblo Forecast Off, 3 Eaton Way, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA.
RP Vogt, BJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.
EM bvogt@uccs.edu; steve.hodanish@noaa.gov
NR 71
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-6228
EI 1873-7730
J9 APPL GEOGR
JI Appl. Geogr.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 75
BP 93
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.08.006
PG 11
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA DY1SE
UT WOS:000384873900009
ER
PT J
AU Yang, W
Yang, F
Hu, TL
King, SC
Wang, HL
Wu, H
Zhou, W
Li, JR
Arman, HD
Chen, BL
AF Yang, Wei
Yang, Fan
Hu, Tong-Liang
King, Stephen Charles
Wang, Hailong
Wu, Hui
Zhou, Wei
Li, Jian-Rong
Arman, Hadi D.
Chen, Banglin
TI Microporous Diaminotriazine-Decorated Porphyrin-Based Hydrogen-Bonded
Organic Framework: Permanent Porosity and Proton Conduction
SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-AREA; SEPARATION; NETWORKS; CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; ADSORPTION;
ROBUST; GAS; SELECTIVITY; STABILITY
AB A diaminotriazine-decorated porphyrin-based microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework has been successfully prepared and characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Its activated phase exhibits permanent porosity, gas separation, and proton conductivity under humid conditions.
C1 [Yang, Wei; Hu, Tong-Liang; King, Stephen Charles; Wang, Hailong; Arman, Hadi D.; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Yang, Fan; Li, Jian-Rong] Beijing Univ Technol, Beijing Key Lab Green Catalysis & Separat, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Fan; Li, Jian-Rong] Beijing Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Coll Environm & Energy Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wang, HL; Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
EM hailong.wang@utsa.edu; banglin.chen@utsa.edu
RI Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008;
Li, Jian-Rong (Jeff)/G-2781-2010
OI Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou,
Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617;
FU NSF [DMR-1606826]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]
FX We thank the reviewers for their constructive comments which have helped
us to improve the quality of the work. This work was supported by the
NSF Award DMR-1606826 and Welch Foundation Grant AX-1730 (B.C.).
NR 51
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 28
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1528-7483
EI 1528-7505
J9 CRYST GROWTH DES
JI Cryst. Growth Des.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 10
BP 5831
EP 5835
DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00924
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science
GA DY2WI
UT WOS:000384952400029
ER
PT J
AU Koner, PK
Harris, AR
Dash, P
AF Koner, Prabhat K.
Harris, Andrew R.
Dash, Prasanjit
TI A Deterministic Method for Profile Retrievals From Hyperspectral
Satellite Measurements
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Hyperspectral infrared sounding; ill-conditioned inverse; regularized
total least squares (RTLS); Suomi NPP Cross-track Infrared Souder (CrIS)
ID TOTAL LEAST-SQUARES; WATER-VAPOR RETRIEVALS; TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION
SPECTROMETER; ALTITUDE-DEPENDENT REGULARIZATION; IMAGE-RESTORATION;
RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE PARAMETERS; SOUNDING DATA; TEMPERATURE;
VALIDATION
AB Different aspects of the operational constraints of remote sensing inverse problems are thoroughly investigated by simulation studies, using a deterministic method, namely regularized total least squares (RTLS). For demonstration purposes, water vapor profiles retrievals from simulated Suomi NPP Cross-track Infrared Souder (CrIS) hyperspectral measurements are considered. Synthetic CrIS radiances are generated using a line-by-line radiative transfer model (GENSPECT) with similar to 424 realistic radiosonde profiles and US 1976 standard atmosphere as inputs. These results are also compared with those from a prevalent stochastic method. Our findings show that the stochastic method, even with additional deterministic constraints (truncated singular value decomposition) applied on top of it, is often unable to produce useful retrieval results, i.e., posterior error is more than the a priori error. In contrast, RTLS is able to produce deterministically unique results according to the available information content in the measurements, which could result in a paradigm shift in operational satellite inversion.
C1 [Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Koner, Prabhat K.; Harris, Andrew R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Dash, Prasanjit] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Dash, Prasanjit] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
RP Koner, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM prabhat.koner@noaa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX14AP64A]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration under Grant NNX14AP64A.
NR 64
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 5657
EP 5670
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2565722
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA DY5XT
UT WOS:000385178700003
ER
PT J
AU Nai, F
Torres, SM
Palmer, RD
AF Nai, Feng
Torres, Sebastian M.
Palmer, Robert D.
TI Adaptive Beamspace Processing for Phased-Array Weather Radars
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive signal processing; beamspace; meteorological radar; phased
arrays
ID ATMOSPHERIC IMAGING RADAR; WIND TURBINE CLUTTER; DIMENSION REDUCTION;
BEAMFORMER
AB The next generation of weather radars, which may also support other missions, is likely to be based on phased arrays that will utilize simultaneous receive beams to achieve the required update times. Some of the disadvantages of using simultaneous receive beams, such as higher two-way antenna radiation pattern sidelobes, can be mitigated by using adaptive beamforming. A majority of the existing adaptive beamforming algorithms are designed for point targets, and direct application to distributed scatterers (e.g., hydrometeors) can lead to significantly biased estimates of key radar variables. This paper presents an adaptive beamspace processing algorithm specifically designed for weathersurveillance radar applications. Through both simulated and real data, it is shown that the proposed adaptive beamspace processing algorithm can produce accurate and calibrated estimates of radar variables while also automatically rejecting interference signals.
C1 [Nai, Feng] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Nai, Feng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Torres, Sebastian M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Torres, Sebastian M.; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Torres, Sebastian M.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Nai, F (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Nai, F (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM Feng.Nai-1@ou.edu; sebastian.torres@noaa.gov; rpalmer@ou.edu
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms
Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory under Grant
NA08OAR4320904.
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 5688
EP 5698
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2570138
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA DY5XT
UT WOS:000385178700005
ER
PT J
AU Ivic, IR
AF Ivic, Igor R.
TI A Technique to Improve Copolar Correlation Coefficient Estimation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Radar polarimetry; radar signal processing; weather radar
ID NOISE POWER ESTIMATION; WEATHER RADARS; SPECTRAL MOMENT; POLARIMETRIC
VARIABLES; MELTING LAYER; POLARIZATION; RANGE; AUTOCORRELATION;
SIMULATION; SIGNALS
AB Copolar correlation coefficient is one of the essential polarimetric variables because it enhances the ability of weather radars to discriminate among different hydrometeor types as well as nonmeteorological scatterers. Theoretical values of the copolar correlation coefficient (vertical bar rho(hv)(0)vertical bar) are between zero and one, but due to statistical errors, estimates of vertical bar rho(hv)(0)vertical bar can take values that are outside this interval, in which case the estimates are deemed unusable. Additionally, even if a vertical bar rho(hv)(0)vertical bar estimate is valid, it can introduce errors in echo classification if not sufficiently accurate. Therefore, it is imperative to keep the number of invalid estimates at a minimum while maintaining the acceptable accuracy and precision of measurements. Herein, a technique to improve copolar correlation coefficient estimation is presented. The technique produces estimates with reduced bias which results in an increased number of valid estimates as well as improved accuracy of vertical bar rho(hv)(0)vertical bar fields. This is achieved through a combination of previously proposed vertical bar rho(hv)(0)vertical bar estimators with several novel estimators presented in this paper.
C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Ivic, Igor R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Ivic, IR (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 5776
EP 5800
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2572185
PG 25
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA DY5XT
UT WOS:000385178700011
ER
PT J
AU Buono, A
Nunziata, F
Migliaccio, M
Li, XF
AF Buono, Andrea
Nunziata, Ferdinando
Migliaccio, Maurizio
Li, Xiaofeng
TI Polarimetric Analysis of Compact-Polarimetry SAR Architectures for Sea
Oil Slick Observation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Compact-polarimetry; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar; sea surface;
water pollution
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SYMMETRY PROPERTIES; SPILL DETECTION;
POLARIZATION
AB In this paper, a theoretical and experimental analysis of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) architectures is undertaken for sea oil slick observation purposes. Reference is made to the conventional full-polarimetric (FP) SAR that is here contrasted with new-generation polarimetric SAR architectures, known as compact-polarimetric (CP) SAR. Two CP modes are considered, i.e., the hybrid-polarity and pi/4 modes, whose measurements are emulated from actual L-and C-band FP SAR data. Polarimetric sea surface scattering is predicted according to an extended version of the Bragg scattering model (X-Bragg) in order to point out the differences exhibited between FP and CP SAR architectures and among CP SAR modes. Theoretical predictions are then contrasted with experiments undertaken on actual polarimetric SAR data collected over well-known oil slicks and weak-damping surfactants. Results confirm model prediction, showing that differences mainly apply when polarimetric features are estimated over slick-free sea surface using different SAR architectures, with the pi/4 mode behaving closer to FP SAR. Although CP SAR architectures measure only a subset of the FP information content, they represent an interesting operational alternative for both detecting oil slicks and discriminating them from weak-damping surfactants.
C1 [Buono, Andrea; Nunziata, Ferdinando; Migliaccio, Maurizio] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Ingn, I-80143 Naples, Italy.
[Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, Global Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Buono, A (reprint author), Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Ingn, I-80143 Naples, Italy.
EM andrea.buono@uniparthenope.it; ferdinando.nunziata@uniparthenope.it;
maurizio.migliaccio@uniparthenope.it; xiaofeng.li@noaa.org
RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008;
OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; Buono, Andrea/0000-0002-5523-7609
NR 37
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 5862
EP 5874
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2574561
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA DY5XT
UT WOS:000385178700016
ER
PT J
AU Sapp, JW
Alsweiss, SO
Jelenak, Z
Chang, PS
Frasier, SJ
Carswell, J
AF Sapp, Joseph W.
Alsweiss, Suleiman O.
Jelenak, Zorana
Chang, Paul S.
Frasier, Stephen J.
Carswell, James
TI Airborne Co-polarization and Cross-Polarization Observations of the
Ocean-Surface NRCS at C-Band
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Airborne radar; C-band; cross-polarization; ocean vector winds; radar
cross section; scatterometry
ID FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; WIND; RADAR
AB Airborne co-polarization and cross-polarization observations of ocean surface normalized radar cross section (NRCS) were conducted over the North Atlantic during January and February 2015. Observations were made using the University of Massachusetts' Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP) radar system and a prototype antenna for the next-generation European scatterometer aboard MetOp-SG. Both were installed on a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft to characterize the wind response of the ocean-surface cross-polarization NRCS. During the flights, numerous constant-roll-angle circle maneuvers were performed at several different angles to collect NRCS measurements over a range of incidence angles. Surface winds at speeds between 8 and 34 ms(-1) were observed at incidence angles from 20 degrees to 60 degrees at all polarization combinations. The majority of measurements fell between 8 and 20 ms(-1). Wind-direction dependence similar to copolarized NRCS was observed in the cross-polarized (VH) NRCS. The amplitude of the VH NRCS with respect to direction is less than that of copolarized NRCS at all wind speeds. Incidence angle dependence was also observed in the VH NRCS at all wind speeds. As a function of wind speed, the mean VH NRCS (A(0)) has a similar shape to the VV NRCS. The VH NRCS appears to not saturate at most incidence angles, unlike the VV and HH NRCS. VH and HH geophysical model functions (GMFs) were developed as functions of wind speed, incidence angle, and wind-relative azimuth for the wind speeds and incidence angles observed.
C1 [Sapp, Joseph W.; Alsweiss, Suleiman O.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Sapp, Joseph W.; Alsweiss, Suleiman O.; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul S.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Carswell, James] Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA.
RP Sapp, JW (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM Joe.Sapp@noaa.gov
RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Frasier,
Stephen/H-1536-2015
OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938;
Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889
FU NOAA/NESDIS Ocean Remote Sensing Program
FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA/NESDIS Ocean Remote Sensing
Program for its support of their flight experiment program; the NOAA
Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) and the crew of N42RF for their
assistance with this paper; the NOAA Hurricane Hunters for carrying out
the repeated maneuvers that were required to obtain the data and for
their patience, dedication, and diligence that provided a safe operating
environment during data collection; the people at AOC, particularly Dr.
J. McFadden, J. Roles, T. Lynch, J. Bosko, and W. Pullen, whomade it
possible for the ESA/RUAG antenna to be installed on the WP-3D aircraft
before the Winter 2015 experiment; T. Hartley of the University of
Massachusetts Amherst for helping in the installation and adaptation of
the IWRAP system to the different antenna; M. Baker of NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
for helping in keeping the data acquisition systems operating in the air
during the experiment and providing support on the ground for the data
processing; the European Space Agency, particularly C.-C. Lin and A.
Ostergaard; RUAG Space, particularly M. Petersson, P. Magnusson, and P.
Dimming, for lending the antenna and providing technical assistance; and
M. Ouellet of Fisheries and Oceans Canada for providing the buoy data
and metadata, without which the NRCS data analysis would have been much
more challenging.
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 5975
EP 5992
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2578048
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA DY5XT
UT WOS:000385178700025
ER
PT J
AU Williams, CR
Beauchamp, RM
Chandrasekar, V
AF Williams, Christopher R.
Beauchamp, Robert M.
Chandrasekar, V.
TI Vertical Air Motions and Raindrop Size Distributions Estimated Using
Mean Doppler Velocity Difference From 3-and 35-GHz Vertically Pointing
Radars
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Doppler radar; radar meteorological factors; radar velocity measurement;
rain
ID DUAL-FREQUENCY; WIND PROFILER; PRECIPITATION; SPECTRA; REFLECTIVITY;
DISDROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SHEAR
AB Vertical profiles of vertical air motion and raindrop size distributions (DSDs) within stratiform rain are estimated using two collocated vertically pointing radars (VPRs) operating at 3 and 35 GHz. Different raindrop backscattering cross sections occur at 3 and 35 GHz with Rayleigh scattering occurring for all raindrops at 3 GHz and Mie scattering occurring for larger raindrops at 35 GHz. This frequency-dependent backscattering cross section causes differently shaped reflectivity-weighted Doppler velocity spectra leading to radar transmit frequency-dependent radar moments of intrinsic reflectivity factor, mean Doppler velocity, and spectrum variance. The retrieval method described herein uses four radar moments as inputs to retrieve four outputs at each height within a precipitation column. The inputs include 3-GHz VPR mean Doppler velocity and unattenuated reflectivity factor and 35-GHz VPR mean Doppler velocity and spectrum variance. The outputs include vertical air motion and three parameters of a gamma-shaped DSD. To account for different VPR sample volumes, radar observations were accumulated over 45 s and over several range gates to represent time-space scales larger than either VPR sample volumes. Observed variability over this common time-space scale is used to estimate retrieval uncertainties. The retrieved air motions and DSD parameters compare well against retrievals from a collocated 449-MHz VPR that estimated air motions from Bragg scattering signals and DSD parameters from Rayleigh scattering signals.
C1 [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Beauchamp, Robert M.; Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Williams, CR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Williams, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM christopher.williams@colorado.edu; rob.beauchamp@gmail.com;
chandra@engr.colostate.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program
[DE-SC0007080, DE-SC0014294]; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Precipitation Measurement Mission [NNX13AF89G,
NNX16AE42G]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy's
Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological
and Environmental Research Program, under Grant DE-SC0007080 and Grant
DE-SC0014294 and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Precipitation Measurement Mission under Grant NNX13AF89G
and Grant NNX16AE42G.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 10
BP 6048
EP 6060
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2580526
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA DY5XT
UT WOS:000385178700030
ER
PT J
AU Valivarthi, R
Puigibert, MG
Zhou, Q
Aguilar, GH
Verma, VB
Marsili, F
Shaw, MD
Nam, SW
Oblak, D
Tittel, W
AF Valivarthi, Raju
Puigibert, Marcelli Grimau
Zhou, Qiang
Aguilar, Gabriel H.
Verma, Varun B.
Marsili, Francesco
Shaw, Matthew D.
Nam, Sae Woo
Oblak, Daniel
Tittel, Wolfgang
TI Quantum teleportation across a metropolitan fibre network
SO NATURE PHOTONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; STATE; KILOMETERS; ENSEMBLES; CHANNELS; QUBITS;
MEMORY
AB If a photon interacts with a member of an entangled photon pair via a Bell-state measurement (BSM), its state is teleported over principally arbitrary distances onto the pair's second member(1). Since 1997, this puzzling prediction of quantum mechanics has been demonstrated many times(2). However, with two exceptions(3,4), only the photon that received the teleported state, if any, travelled far, while the photons partaking in the BSM were always measured close to where they were created. Here, using the Calgary fibre network, we report quantum teleportation from a telecom photon at 1,532 nm wavelength, interacting with another telecom photon after both have travelled several kilometres and over a combined beeline distance of 8.2 km, onto a photon at 795 nm wavelength. This improves the distance over which teleportation takes place to 6.2 km. Our demonstration establishes an important requirement for quantum repeater-based communications(5) and constitutes a milestone towards a global quantum internee.
C1 [Valivarthi, Raju; Puigibert, Marcelli Grimau; Zhou, Qiang; Aguilar, Gabriel H.; Oblak, Daniel; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Valivarthi, Raju; Puigibert, Marcelli Grimau; Zhou, Qiang; Aguilar, Gabriel H.; Oblak, Daniel; Tittel, Wolfgang] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Tittel, W (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Sci & Technol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.; Tittel, W (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM wtittel@ucalgary.ca
RI Tittel, Wolfgang/A-1600-2011
FU Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (AITF); National Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Quiness programme [W31P4Q-134-0004];
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Information in a Photon (InPho)
programme
FX The authors thank T. Andruschak, R. Angelo, D. Basto, C. Chambers and H.
Dhillon from the City of Calgary for providing access to the fibre
network and for help during the experiment, V. Kiselyov for technical
support and P. Lefebvre for help with aligning the entangled photon pair
source. This work was funded through Alberta Innovates Technology
Futures (AITF), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Quiness programme (contract no. W31P4Q-134-0004). W.T. also acknowledges
funding as a Senior Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced
Research (CIFAR), and V.B.V. and S.W.N. acknowledge partial funding for
detector development from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) Information in a Photon (InPho) programme. Part of the detector
research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 4
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1749-4885
EI 1749-4893
J9 NAT PHOTONICS
JI Nat. Photonics
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 10
BP 676
EP 680
DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2016.180
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA DY2WD
UT WOS:000384951900016
ER
PT J
AU Kicheol, B
Dohyung, L
AF Kicheol, Bae
Dohyung, Lee
TI Research Center for NIFS Forest Genetic Resources Dept. - Bae Kicheol
SO SPACE
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Kicheol, Bae] NWS, SAMOO Architects & Engineers, COSMA Design Lab, Chicago, IL 60290 USA.
[Kicheol, Bae] TLPA, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA.
[Kicheol, Bae] Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA.
[Kicheol, Bae] RTKL, Los Angeles, CA 90001 USA.
[Kicheol, Bae] Univ Ulsan, Coll Architecture, Ulsan, South Korea.
[Kicheol, Bae] Chung Ang Univ, Teaching Architecture Design & Theory, Seoul, South Korea.
[Dohyung, Lee] Archiplan Inc, Santiago, Chile.
[Dohyung, Lee] Innovat Design Studio Inc, St Petersburg, FL USA.
RP Kicheol, B (reprint author), NWS, SAMOO Architects & Engineers, COSMA Design Lab, Chicago, IL 60290 USA.; Kicheol, B (reprint author), TLPA, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA.; Kicheol, B (reprint author), Ellerbe Becket, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA.; Kicheol, B (reprint author), RTKL, Los Angeles, CA 90001 USA.; Kicheol, B (reprint author), Univ Ulsan, Coll Architecture, Ulsan, South Korea.; Kicheol, B (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Teaching Architecture Design & Theory, Seoul, South Korea.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPACE MAGAZINE
PI SEOUL
PA 52-20 YEONHUI-RO, SEODAEMUN-GU, SEOUL, 120-830, SOUTH KOREA
SN 1228-2472
J9 SPACE
JI Space
PD OCT
PY 2016
IS 587
BP 86
EP 88
PG 3
WC Architecture
SC Architecture
GA DY2YS
UT WOS:000384958600025
ER
PT J
AU Li, YB
Gao, ZQ
Li, D
Chen, F
Yang, YJ
Sun, L
AF Li, Yubin
Gao, Zhiqiu
Li, Dan
Chen, Fei
Yang, Yuanjian
Sun, Liang
TI An Update of Non-iterative Solutions for Surface Fluxes Under Unstable
Conditions (vol 156, pg 501, 2015)
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Li, Yubin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Yang, Yuanjian] Anhui Inst Meteorol Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Sci & Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China.
[Sun, Liang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.
RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
EI 1573-1472
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 161
IS 1
BP 225
EP 228
DI 10.1007/s10546-016-0162-9
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX5HZ
UT WOS:000384412900012
ER
PT J
AU Ying, KR
Zhao, TB
Zheng, XG
Quan, XW
Frederiksen, CS
Li, MX
AF Ying, Kairan
Zhao, Tianbao
Zheng, Xiaogu
Quan, Xiao-Wei
Frederiksen, Carsten S.
Li, Mingxing
TI Predictable signals in seasonal mean soil moisture simulated with
observation-based atmospheric forcing over China
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Predictable signal; Weather noise; Potential predictability; Prediction
skill
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; AGCM SIMULATIONS; NORTHWEST CHINA; RIVER VALLEY;
LATE 1970S; RAINFALL; CLIMATE
AB The Community Land Model version 3.5 is driven by an observation-based meteorological dataset to simulate soil moisture over China for the period 1951-2008. A method for identifying the patterns of interannual variability that arise from slow (potentially predictable) and intraseasonal (unpredictable) variability is also applied; this allows identification of the sources of the predictability of seasonal soil moisture in China, during March-April-May (MAM), June-July-August (JJA), September-October-November (SON) and December-January-February (DJF). The potential predictability (slow-to-total) of the soil moisture above 1 m is high, with lowest value of 0.76 in JJA and highest value of 0.94 in DJF. The spatial distribution of the potential predictability comprises a northwest-southeast gradient, with a minimum center over East China and a maximum center over the northwest. The most important source of predictability is from the soil moisture persistence, which generally accounts for more than 50 % of the variability in soil moisture. The SSTs in the Indian Ocean, the North Atlantic and the eastern tropical Pacific Oceans are also identified as important sources of variability in the soil moisture, during MAM, JJA and SON/DJF, respectively. In addition, prolonged linear trends in each season are an important source. Using the slow principal component time series as predictands, a statistical scheme for the seasonal forecasting of soil moisture across China is developed. The prediction skills, in terms of the percentage of explained variance for the verification period (1992-2008), are 59, 51, 62 and 77 % during MAM-DJF, respectively. This is considerably higher than a normal grid prediction scheme.
C1 [Ying, Kairan; Zhao, Tianbao; Zheng, Xiaogu; Li, Mingxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Res East Asia, POB 9804, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Quan, Xiao-Wei] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA.
[Frederiksen, Carsten S.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Zhao, TB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Res East Asia, POB 9804, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM zhaotb@tea.ac.cn
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB956203]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholar [41405090];
National Natural Science Foundation of China [41575087]; China Special
Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201506001]
FX Thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We also
grateful to the editors for their hard work on this manuscript. This
work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China
(2012CB956203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China for
Young Scholar (41405090), the National Natural Science Foundation of
China Project (41575087), and the China Special Fund for Meteorological
Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201506001).
NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 12
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 7-8
BP 2373
EP 2395
DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2969-3
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX7EN
UT WOS:000384549500022
ER
PT J
AU Wang, H
Murtugudde, R
Kumar, A
AF Wang, Hui
Murtugudde, Raghu
Kumar, Arun
TI Evolution of Indian Ocean dipole and its forcing mechanisms in the
absence of ENSO
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Indian Ocean dipole; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Climate
modeling
ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; MONSOON RAINFALL; COUPLED GCM; ZONAL
MODE; EL-NINO; EVENTS; IMPACTS
AB The evolution of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and its forcing mechanisms are examined based on the analysis of coupled model simulations that allow or suppress the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode of variability. The model can reproduce the most salient observed features of IOD even without ENSO, including the relationships between the eastern and western poles at both the surface and subsurface, as well as their seasonality. This suggests that ENSO is not fundamental for the existence of IOD. It is demonstrated that cold (warm) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean associated with IOD can be initiated by springtime Indonesian rainfall deficit (surplus) through local surface wind response. The growth of the SST anomalies depends on the initial local subsurface condition. Both the air-sea interaction and surface-subsurface interaction contribute to the development of IOD. The evolution of IOD can be represented by two leading extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) modes of tropical surface-subsurface Indian Ocean temperatures; one stationary and the other non-stationary. The onset, growth, and termination of IOD, as well as the transition to an opposite phase, can be interpreted as alternations between the non-propagating mode (EEOF1) and the eastward-propagating Kelvin wave (EEOF2). The evolution of IOD is also accompanied by a westward-propagating Rossby wave which is captured in the EEOF1 of the subtropical surface-subsurface Indian Ocean temperatures. Therefore, both Bjerknes feedback and a delayed oscillator operate during the evolution of IOD in the absence of ENSO also.
C1 [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Wang, Hui] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr,NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Wang, H (reprint author), Innovim, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
EM hui.wang@noaa.gov
FU National Monsoon Mission
FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor
for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. Partial
support from the National Monsoon Mission is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 66
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 7-8
BP 2481
EP 2500
DI 10.1007/s00382-016-2977-y
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX7EN
UT WOS:000384549500029
ER
PT J
AU Fan, L
Shin, SI
Liu, ZY
Liu, QY
AF Fan, Lei
Shin, Sang-Ik
Liu, Zhengyu
Liu, Qinyu
TI Sensitivity of Asian Summer Monsoon precipitation to tropical sea
surface temperature anomalies
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sensitivity; Indian Summer Monsoon; East Asian Summer Monsoon;
Precipitation; Tropical SST anomalies
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SST ANOMALIES;
INDIAN-OCEAN; WESTERN PACIFIC; EL-NINO; ENSO; RAINFALL; CLIMATE;
PREDICTABILITY
AB Sensitivity of Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) precipitation to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies was estimated from ensemble simulations of two atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) with an array of idealized SST anomaly patch prescriptions. Consistent sensitivity patterns were obtained in both models. Sensitivity of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation to cooling in the East Pacific was much weaker than to that of the same magnitude in the local Indian-western Pacific, over which a meridional pattern of warm north and cold south was most instrumental in increasing ISM precipitation. This indicates that the strength of the ENSO-ISM relationship is due to the large-amplitude East Pacific SST anomaly rather than its sensitivity value. Sensitivity of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), represented by the Yangtze-Huai River Valley (YHRV, also known as the meiyu-baiu front) precipitation, is non-uniform across the Indian Ocean basin. YHRV precipitation was most sensitive to warm SST anomalies over the northern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, whereas the southern Indian Ocean had the opposite effect. This implies that the strengthened EASM in the post-Nio year is attributable mainly to warming of the northern Indian Ocean. The corresponding physical links between these SST anomaly patterns and ASM precipitation were also discussed. The relevance of sensitivity maps was justified by the high correlation between sensitivity-map-based reconstructed time series using observed SST anomaly patterns and actual precipitation series derived from ensemble-mean atmospheric GCM runs with time-varying global SST prescriptions during the same period. The correlation results indicated that sensitivity maps derived from patch experiments were far superior to those based on regression methods.
C1 [Fan, Lei; Liu, Qinyu] Ocean Univ China, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Shin, Sang-Ik] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shin, Sang-Ik] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
[Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmospher Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Fan, L (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
EM fanlei@ouc.edu.cn
FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China (National Basic Research
Program of China) [2012CB955603, 2012CB955200]; Strategic Priority
Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010203];
Natural Science Foundation of China [41176006, 41221063, 41406001,
41476003]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
[201413029, 201562030]
FX This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of
China (National Basic Research Program of China 2012CB955603;
2012CB955200), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11010203), the Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41176006; 41221063; 41406001; 41476003),
and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant
Nos. 201413029; 201562030). The manuscript was improved by the
constructive comments of four anonymous reviewers.
NR 51
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 20
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 7-8
BP 2501
EP 2514
DI 10.1007/s00382-016-2978-x
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX7EN
UT WOS:000384549500030
ER
PT J
AU Galford, GL
Nash, J
Betts, AK
Carlson, S
Ford, S
Hoogenboom, A
Markowitz, D
Nash, A
Palchak, E
Pears, S
Underwood, KL
AF Galford, Gillian L.
Nash, Julie
Betts, Alan K.
Carlson, Sam
Ford, Sarah
Hoogenboom, Ann
Markowitz, Deborah
Nash, Andrew
Palchak, Elizabeth
Pears, Sarah
Underwood, Kristen L.
TI Bridging the climate information gap: a framework for engaging knowledge
brokers and decision makers in state climate assessments
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change assessment; Vermont; Decision support; Stakeholder
engagement; Citizen science
ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; ENGAGEMENT; SCIENCE
AB Large-scale analyses like the National Climate Assessment (NCA) contain a wealth of information critical to national and regional responses to climate change but tend to be insufficiently detailed for action at state or local levels. Many states now engage in assessment processes to meet information needs for local authorities. The goals of state climate assessments (SCAs) should be to provide relevant, actionable information to state and local authorities, and to generate primary sources, build networks and inform stakeholders. To communicate local climate impacts to decision makers, SCAs should express credibility, salience and legitimacy. They can provide information (e.g., case studies, data sets) and connect stakeholders to the NCA and its process. Based on our experience in the Vermont Climate Assessment (VCA), we present a framework to engage decision makers in SCAs using a fluid network of scientific experts and knowledge brokers to conduct subject area prioritization, data analysis and writing. The VCA addressed economic, environmental and social impacts of climate change at local scales to increase resiliency and manage risk. Knowledge brokers communicated VCA findings through their own stakeholder networks. We include a qualitative impact evaluation, and believe our framework for interaction among scientists, knowledge brokers and stakeholders to be an effective structure for SCAs and a transformative experience for students.
C1 [Galford, Gillian L.; Nash, Julie; Carlson, Sam; Ford, Sarah; Hoogenboom, Ann; Palchak, Elizabeth; Pears, Sarah] Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Galford, Gillian L.; Nash, Julie; Carlson, Sam; Ford, Sarah; Palchak, Elizabeth; Pears, Sarah] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
[Betts, Alan K.] Atmospher Res, Pittsford, VT USA.
[Hoogenboom, Ann] Cabot Creamery Cooperat, Waitsfield, VT USA.
[Hoogenboom, Ann] Univ Vermont, Collage Agr & Life Sci, Community Dev & Appl Econ, Burlington, VT USA.
[Markowitz, Deborah] Vermont Agcy Nat Resources, Montpelier, VT USA.
[Nash, Andrew] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Burlington, VT USA.
[Underwood, Kristen L.] Univ Vermont, Coll Engn & Math Sci, Civil & Environm Engn, Burlington, VT USA.
RP Galford, GL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Gund Inst Ecol Econ, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.; Galford, GL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
EM Gillian.Galford@UVM.edu
FU Gund Institute for Ecological Economics at the University of Vermont;
Gund Institute; Vermont EPSCoR; National Science Foundation
[EPS-1101317]
FX This work was supported by a collaborative grant from the Gund Institute
for Ecological Economics at the University of Vermont. G. Galford was
supported by the Gund Institute. G. Galford, A. Hoogenboom, K. Underwood
and A. Betts were supported by Vermont EPSCoR with funds from the
National Science Foundation Grant EPS-1101317. UVM's Office of
Community-University Partnerships and Service Learning provided Service
Learning course designation and a teaching assistant. Vermont Agency of
Natural Resources, the state climatologist, Dr. Dupigny-Giroux, UVM
Extension, SkiVermont, Vermont Tourism and Marketing, Green Mtn. Power,
VT Department of Public Service, VT Agency of Education, and Vermont
Natural Resources Council provided important feedback on the concept and
content.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 16
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
EI 1573-1480
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 3-4
BP 383
EP 395
DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1756-4
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW4LS
UT WOS:000383615200003
ER
PT J
AU Kim, JH
Shrestha, PR
Campbell, JP
Ryan, JT
Nminibapiel, D
Kopanski, JJ
Cheung, KP
AF Kim, Ji-Hong
Shrestha, Pragya R.
Campbell, Jason P.
Ryan, Jason T.
Nminibapiel, David
Kopanski, Joseph J.
Cheung, Kin P.
TI Rapid and Accurate C-V Measurements
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Capacitance measurement; capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement; fast C-V
measurement; MOS devices; semiconductor device measurements; transient
measurement
ID DIELECTRIC STACKS; CAPACITANCE
AB We report a new technique for the rapid measurement of full capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic curves. The displacement current from a 100-MHz applied sine wave, which swings from accumulation to strong inversion, is digitized directly using an oscilloscope from the MOS capacitor under test. A C-V curve can be constructed directly from this data but is severely distorted due to nonideal behavior of real measurement systems. The key advance of this paper is to extract the system response function using the same measurement setup and a known MOS capacitor. The system response correction to the measured C-V curve of the unknown MOS capacitor can then be done by simple deconvolution. No deskewing and/or leakage current correction is necessary, making it a very simple and quick measurement. Excellent agreement between the new fast C-V method and C-V measured conventionally by an LCR meter is achieved. The total time required for measurement and analysis is approximately 2 s, which is limited by our equipment.
C1 [Kim, Ji-Hong; Shrestha, Pragya R.; Campbell, Jason P.; Ryan, Jason T.; Nminibapiel, David; Kopanski, Joseph J.; Cheung, Kin P.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shrestha, Pragya R.; Nminibapiel, David] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ji-hong.kim@nist.gov; pragya.shrestha@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov;
jason.ryan@nist.gov; david.nminibapiel@nist.gov;
joseph.kopanski@nist.gov; kin.cheung@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9383
EI 1557-9646
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 63
IS 10
BP 3851
EP 3856
DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2598855
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA DX7NU
UT WOS:000384575700005
ER
PT J
AU MacCracken, RF
Houser, PR
AF MacCracken, Rosalyn Francine
Houser, Paul R.
TI Spatial Analysis of Climate-Viticulture Indices for the Eastern United
States
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOSPATIAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE American Viticulture Area; Climate; Degree-Days; Eastern United States;
Temperature; Vineyard Suitability; Viticulture
ID CABERNET-SAUVIGNON BERRIES; VINIFERA L GRAPES; LIGHT-INTENSITY; GROWING
REGIONS; DAY TEMPERATURE; SUN EXPOSURE; COLORATION; SURFACES; QUALITY;
TERROIR
AB This study characterizes the climate structure in the Eastern United States for suitability of winegrape growth. For this study, the Eastern US is defined as the 44 contiguous Eastern most states. This excludes the premium wine growing states of California, Washington, Oregon and Idaho. For this characterization, a comparative study is performed on the four commonly used climate-viticulture indices (i.e., Average Growing Season Temperature, Growing Degree Days, Heliothermal Index and Biologically Effective Degree Days), and a new climate-viticulture index, the Modified-GSTavg (Mod-GSTavg). This is accomplished using the 1971 - 2000 PRISM 800-meter resolution dataset of climate temperature normal for the study area of 44 states and 62 American Viticultural Areas across the Eastern United States. The results revealed that all the climate indices have similar spatial patterns throughout the US with varying magnitudes and degrees of suitability.
C1 [MacCracken, Rosalyn Francine] NOAA, Natl Weather Service, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Geog & Geoinformat Sci Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP MacCracken, RF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Service, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 11
PU IGI PUBL
PI HERSHEY
PA 701 E CHOCOLATE AVE, STE 200, HERSHEY, PA 17033-1240 USA
SN 1947-9654
EI 1947-9662
J9 INT J APPL GEOSPAT R
JI Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.
PD OCT-DEC
PY 2016
VL 7
IS 4
BP 23
EP 37
DI 10.4018/IJAGR.2016100102
PG 15
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA DX6WB
UT WOS:000384524700003
ER
PT J
AU Keenan, KE
Peskin, AP
Wilmes, LJ
Aliu, SO
Jones, EF
Li, W
Kornak, J
Newitt, DC
Hylton, NM
AF Keenan, Kathryn E.
Peskin, Adele P.
Wilmes, Lisa J.
Aliu, Sheye O.
Jones, Ella F.
Li, Wen
Kornak, John
Newitt, David C.
Hylton, Nola M.
TI Variability and bias assessment in breast ADC measurement across
multiple systems
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
LA English
DT Article
DE breast MRI; phantoms; apparent diffusion coefficient; EPI; quality
control; tissue mimic
ID DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; CANCER TRIAL; PHANTOM;
LESIONS; BENIGN
AB PurposeTo assess the ability of a recent, anatomically designed breast phantom incorporating T-1 and diffusion elements to serve as a quality control device for quantitative comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements calculated from diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) within and across MRI systems.
Materials and MethodsA bilateral breast phantom incorporating multiple T-1 and diffusion tissue mimics and a geometric distortion array was imaged with DWI on 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3.0T scanners from two different manufacturers, using three different breast coils (three configurations total). Multiple measurements were acquired to assess the bias and variability of different diffusion weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging sequences on the scanner-coil systems.
ResultsThe repeatability of ADC measurements was mixed: the standard deviation relative to baseline across scanner-coil-sequences ranged from low variability (0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-1.00) to high variability (1.69, 95% CI: 0.17-17.26), depending on material, with the lowest and highest variability from the same scanner-coil-sequence. Assessment of image distortion showed that right/left measurements of the geometric distortion array were 1 to 16% larger on the left coil side compared with the right coil side independent of scanner-coil systems, diffusion weighting, and phase-encoding direction.
ConclusionThis breast phantom can be used to measure scanner-coil-sequence bias and variability for DWI. When establishing a multisystem study, this breast phantom may be used to minimize protocol differences (e.g., due to available sequences or shimming technique), to correct for bias that cannot be minimized, and to weigh results from each system depending on respective variability. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:846-855.
C1 [Keenan, Kathryn E.; Peskin, Adele P.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wilmes, Lisa J.; Aliu, Sheye O.; Jones, Ella F.; Li, Wen; Newitt, David C.; Hylton, Nola M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
[Kornak, John] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
RP Keenan, KE (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kathryn.keenan@nist.gov
FU National Research Council [NIH/NCI 1U01CA151235]
FX Contract grant sponsor: National Research Council post-doctoral
scholarship; contract grant number: NIH/NCI 1U01CA151235
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1053-1807
EI 1522-2586
J9 J MAGN RESON IMAGING
JI J. Magn. Reson. Imaging
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 44
IS 4
BP 846
EP 855
DI 10.1002/jmri.25237
PG 10
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA DX8NV
UT WOS:000384646700008
PM 27008431
ER
PT J
AU Dornfeld, DA
Arinez, J
Hapaala, K
Helu, M
AF Dornfeld, David A.
Arinez, Jorge
Hapaala, Karl
Helu, Moneer
TI Special Issue: Sustainable Manufacturing
SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Dornfeld, David A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Arinez, Jorge] Gen Motors Co, R&D, Warren, MI 48090 USA.
[Hapaala, Karl] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Helu, Moneer] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Arinez, J (reprint author), Gen Motors Co, R&D, Warren, MI 48090 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1087-1357
EI 1528-8935
J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME
JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 10
SI SI
AR 100301
PG 2
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA DX7OD
UT WOS:000384576700001
ER
PT J
AU Mani, M
Larborn, J
Johansson, B
Lyons, KW
Morris, KC
AF Mani, Mahesh
Larborn, Jon
Johansson, Bjorn
Lyons, Kevin W.
Morris, K. C.
TI Standard Representations for Sustainability Characterization of
Industrial Processes
SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
LA English
DT Article
ID MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
AB Sustainability assessments are dependent on accurate measures for energy, material, and other resources used by the processes involved in the life cycle of a product. Manufacturing accounts for about 1/5 of the energy consumption in the U.S. Minimizing energy and material consumption in this field has the promise of dramatically reducing our energy dependence. To this end, ASTM International [1] has formed both a committee on Sustainability (E60) and a Subcommittee on Sustainable Manufacturing (E60.13). This paper describes ASTM's new guide for characterizing the environmental aspects of manufacturing processes [2]. The guide defines a generic representation to support structured processes. Representations of multiple unit manufacturing processes (UMPs) can be linked together to support system-level analyses, such as simulation and evaluation of a series of manufacturing processes used in the manufacture and assembly of parts. The result is the ability to more accurately assess and improve the sustainability of production processes. Simulation is commonly used in manufacturing industries to assess individual process performance at a system level and to understand behaviors and interactions between processes. This paper explores the use of the concepts outlined in the standard with three use cases based on an industrial example in the pulp and paper industry. The intent of the use cases is to show the utility of the standard as a guideline for composing data to characterize manufacturing processes. The data, besides being useful for descriptive purposes, is used in a simulation model to assess sustainability of a manufacturing system.
C1 [Mani, Mahesh] Dakota Consulting Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Mani, Mahesh; Lyons, Kevin W.; Morris, K. C.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Larborn, Jon; Johansson, Bjorn] Chalmers, Prod & Prod Dev, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Mani, M (reprint author), Dakota Consulting Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Mani, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mahesh.mani@nist.gov; jon.larborn@chalmers.se;
bjorn.johansson@chalmers.se; kevin.lyons@nist.gov;
katherine.morris@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1087-1357
EI 1528-8935
J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME
JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 10
SI SI
AR 101008
DI 10.1115/1.4033922
PG 7
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA DX7OD
UT WOS:000384576700010
ER
PT J
AU Kwon, BO
Lee, Y
Park, J
Ryu, J
Hong, S
Son, S
Lee, SY
Nam, J
Koh, CH
Khim, JS
AF Kwon, Bong-Oh
Lee, Yeonjung
Park, Jinsoon
Ryu, Jongseong
Hong, Seongjin
Son, SeungHyun
Lee, Shing Yip
Nam, Jungho
Koh, Chul-Hwan
Khim, Jong Seong
TI Temporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of microalgal biomass in
recently reclaimed intertidal flats of the Saemangeum area, Korea
SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Microphytobenthos; Benthic chlorophyll a; Spatial and temporal
variability; Satellite data; Tidal flat; Algal heterogeneity
ID MICROPHYTOBENTHIC CHLOROPHYLL-A; TAGUS ESTUARY PORTUGAL; YELLOW SEA;
TIDAL FLAT; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; EUROPEAN ESTUARY; ORGANIC-MATTER; RIVER
ESTUARY; EMS ESTUARY; ARIAKE SEA
AB Trophodynamics of intertidal mudflats are significantly driven by microphytobenthos (MPB) production but spatial and temporal dynamics of this production source is poorly known. To understand the temporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of intertidal MPB, benthic chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, and sediment properties were determined in Gyehwa (sandy) and Gwanghwal (muddy) tidal flats of Saemangeum area over a year at 97 stations. This study set out to: (i) characterize the spatial-temporal patterns in MPB biomass on a year-round basis, (ii) identify the abiotic and biotic factors associated with MPB distributions, (iii) investigate the use of satellite-derived chlorophyll a data and verify with in field measurements, and (iv) determine minimum required sample size for in situ biomass measurement. Concentrations of benthic chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were greater in winter and spring with a high magnitude of variance than in summer and fall at both areas. Benthic chlorophyll a and phaeopigments tended to decrease approaching lower tidal zone, being associated with the corresponding decrease in shore level and/or exposure duration. Compared to available data on macrozoobenthos distribution, the spatial variation of microalgal biomass seems to be attributed to distribution of deposit-feeders. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) between in situ MPB biomass and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values was observed, but was much weaker in the lower tidal zone. Mirroring algal heterogeneity, the minimum required sample size for in situ biomass measurement were greater in blooming season and sandy bottom, suggesting that sampling design for spatio-temporal mapping of MPB should consider the sampling season and/or abiotic and biotic features of study area. Overall, spatio-temporal dynamics of intertidal MPB seem to be influenced by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kwon, Bong-Oh; Lee, Yeonjung; Hong, Seongjin; Koh, Chul-Hwan; Khim, Jong Seong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
[Kwon, Bong-Oh; Lee, Yeonjung; Hong, Seongjin; Koh, Chul-Hwan; Khim, Jong Seong] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
[Lee, Yeonjung; Hong, Seongjin; Lee, Shing Yip] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia.
[Lee, Yeonjung; Hong, Seongjin; Lee, Shing Yip] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia.
[Lee, Yeonjung] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Marine Ecosyst & Biol Res Ctr, Ansan 15627, South Korea.
[Park, Jinsoon] Natl Marine Biodivers Inst Korea, Seochun Gun 33662, Chungcheongnam, South Korea.
[Ryu, Jongseong] Anyang Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol, Inchon 23038, South Korea.
[Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Son, SeungHyun] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Nam, Jungho] Korea Maritime Inst, Marine Policy Res Div, Busan 606080, South Korea.
RP Khim, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Khim, JS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
EM jskocean@snu.ac.kr
FU project entitled "Integrated management of marine environment and
ecosystems around Saemangeum" - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,
Republic of Korea; project entitled "Development of integrated estuarine
management system" - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea
FX This study was supported by the projects entitled "Integrated management
of marine environment and ecosystems around Saemangeum" and "Development
of integrated estuarine management system" funded by the Ministry of
Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea given to JSK.
NR 64
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 12
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-1101
EI 1873-1414
J9 J SEA RES
JI J. Sea Res.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 116
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1016/j.seares.2016.08.002
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DY0IB
UT WOS:000384779400001
ER
PT J
AU Tuleya, RE
Bender, M
Knutson, TR
Sirutis, JJ
Thomas, B
Ginis, I
AF Tuleya, Robert E.
Bender, Morris
Knutson, Thomas R.
Sirutis, Joseph J.
Thomas, Biju
Ginis, Isaac
TI Impact of Upper-Tropospheric Temperature Anomalies and Vertical Wind
Shear on Tropical Cyclone Evolution Using an Idealized Version of the
Operational GFDL Hurricane Model
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; INTENSITY; OCEAN; ATLANTIC;
ENVIRONMENT; SENSITIVITY; INITIALIZATION; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETER
AB The GFDL hurricane modeling system, initiated in the 1970s, has progressed from a research tool to an operational system over four decades. This system is still in use today in research and operations, and its evolution will be briefly described. This study used an idealized version of the 2014 GFDL model to test its sensitivity across a wide range of three environmental factors that are often identified as key factors in tropical cyclone (TC) evolution: SST, atmospheric stability (upper-air thermal anomalies), and vertical wind shear (westerly through easterly). A wide range of minimum central pressure intensities resulted (905-980 hPa). The results confirm that a scenario (e.g., global warming) in which the upper troposphere warms relative to the surface will have less TC intensification than one with a uniform warming with height. The TC rainfall is also investigated for the SST-stability parameter space. Rainfall increases for combinations of SST increase and increasing stability similar to global warming scenarios, consistent with climate change TC downscaling studies with the GFDL model. The forecast system's sensitivity to vertical shear was also investigated. The idealized model simulations showed weak disturbances dissipating under strong easterly and westerly shear of 10 m s(-1). A small bias for greater intensity under easterly sheared versus westerly sheared environments was found at lower values of SST. The impact of vertical shear on intensity was different when a strong vortex was used in the simulations. In this case, none of the initial disturbances weakened, and most intensified to some extent.
C1 [Tuleya, Robert E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA.
[Bender, Morris; Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Thomas, Biju; Ginis, Isaac] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Tuleya, RE (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Innovat Pk Res Bldg 1,4111 Monarch Way,3rd Floor, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.
EM robert.tuleya@noaa.gov
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 10
BP 3803
EP 3820
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0045.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX8YZ
UT WOS:000384679900002
ER
PT J
AU Waples, RS
AF Waples, Robin S.
TI Making sense of genetic estimates of effective population size
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT News Item
DE bias; computer simulations; linkage disequilibrium; precision; siblings
ID EFFECTIVE NUMBER; BREEDERS; PROGRAM; SAMPLE
AB The last decade has seen an explosion of interest in use of genetic markers to estimate effective population size, N-e. Effective population size is important both theoretically (N-e is a key parameter in almost every aspect of evolutionary biology) and for practical application (N-e determines rates of genetic drift and loss of genetic variability and modulates the effectiveness of selection, so it is crucial to consider in conservation). As documented by Palstra & Fraser (), most of the recent growth in N-e estimation can be attributed to development or refinement of methods that can use a single sample of individuals (the older temporal method requires at least two samples separated in time). As with other population genetic methods, performance of new N-e estimators is typically evaluated with simulated data for a few scenarios selected by the author(s). Inevitably, these initial evaluations fail to fully consider the consequences of violating simplifying assumptions, such as discrete generations, closed populations of constant size and selective neutrality. Subsequently, many researchers studying natural or captive populations have reported estimates of N-e for multiple methods; often these estimates are congruent, but that is not always the case. Because true N-e is rarely known in these empirical studies, it is difficult to make sense of the results when estimates differ substantially among methods. What is needed is a rigorous, comparative analysis under realistic scenarios for which true N-e is known. Recently, Gilbert & Whitlock () did just that for both single-sample and temporal methods under a wide range of migration schemes. In the current issue of Molecular Ecology, Wang () uses simulations to evaluate performance of four single-sample N-e estimators. In addition to assessing effects of true N-e, sample size, and number of loci, Wang also evaluated performance under changing abundance, physical linkage and genotyping errors, as well as for some alternative life histories (high rates of selfing; haplodiploids). Wang showed that the sibship frequency (SF) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) methods perform dramatically better than the heterozygote excess and molecular coancestry methods under most scenarios (see Fig.1, modified from figure 2 in Wang ), and he also concluded that SF is generally more versatile than LD. This article represents a truly Herculean effort, and results should be of considerable value to researchers interested in applying these methods to real-world situations.
C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM robin.waples@noaa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 39
U2 39
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1083
EI 1365-294X
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 19
BP 4689
EP 4691
DI 10.1111/mec.13814
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA DY0TV
UT WOS:000384810000001
PM 27671356
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, AH
DeMartini, EE
Eble, JA
Taylor, BM
Lou, DC
Humphreys, RL
AF Andrews, Allen H.
DeMartini, Edward E.
Eble, Jeff A.
Taylor, Brett M.
Lou, Dong Chun
Humphreys, Robert L.
TI Age and growth of bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis): a half-century
life-span for a keystone browser, with a novel approach to bomb
radiocarbon dating in the Hawaiian Islands
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SURGEONFISH ACANTHURUS-BAHIANUS; OTOLITH WEIGHT;
UNIFIED APPROACH; TROPICAL FISH; PREDICT AGE; C-14 DATA; PACIFIC;
MATURITY; LONGEVITY
AB Bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis) from Hawaii were aged to >50 years using cross-sectioned sagittal otoliths. Fish length was a poor indicator of age because of rapid and variable early growth, exemplified by fish aged to be 4 years near maximum length. Growth was deterministic with adult ages decoupled from body length. Otolith mass and thickness were evaluated as proxies for age and both were encouraging; thickness explained more variance but mass was easier to measure. An age estimation protocol was validated through ontogeny using bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating. Use of the postbomb C-14 decline period from a regional reference chronology enabled age validation of young fish - a novel approach for the Pacific Ocean. A probabilistic procedure for assigning bomb C-14 dates (CALIBomb) was used for the first time to determine fish birth years. The age-reading protocol was generally validated, and it was possible to describe length-at-age despite difficulties in counting otolith annuli beyond 30-40 years. Growth curves differed between the sexes, and a four-parameter generalized von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit.
C1 [Andrews, Allen H.; DeMartini, Edward E.; Humphreys, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
[Eble, Jeff A.] Univ West Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, 11000 Univ Pkwy, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.
[Taylor, Brett M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Sch Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Lou, Dong Chun] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov
OI Taylor, Brett/0000-0002-4746-7228
FU Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, Dingell-Johnson Sportfish
Restoration award; National Marine Fisheries Service Bio-Sampling
Initiative
FX Thank you to Toby Daly-Engel, Michelle Gaither, Randall Kosaki, Matt
Ross, and Zoltan Szabo for assistance with collecting juvenile and adult
specimens; Neal Hazama of the Department of Land and Natural Resources,
Hawaii, for providing most of the YOY specimens; Jeff Sampaga for
extracting otoliths from most fish specimens; Ron and Paula Reimer at
14Chrono, Belfast, Northern Ireland, for access to the
CALIBomb interface for analysis of otolith 14C data; Tom
Guilderson of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for permission to
use the Kona coral F14C data via the 14Chrono
CALIBomb interface; and Joe O'Malley for a thorough manuscript review
and assistance with evaluating the four-parameter VBGF. Funding was
provided in part by the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources,
Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration award to Brian Bowen (University
of Hawaii), and by the National Marine Fisheries Service Bio-Sampling
Initiative.
NR 61
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 8
U2 8
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 10
BP 1575
EP 1586
DI 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DW6RV
UT WOS:000383779500012
ER
PT J
AU Lin-Gibson, S
Sarkar, S
Ito, Y
AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng
Sarkar, Sumona
Ito, Yuzuru
TI Defining quality attributes to enable measurement assurance for cell
therapy products
SO CYTOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Sarkar, Sumona] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ito, Yuzuru] AIST, Biotechnol Res Inst Drug Discovery, SCERG, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM slgibson@nist.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1465-3249
EI 1477-2566
J9 CYTOTHERAPY
JI Cytotherapy
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 18
IS 10
BP 1241
EP 1244
DI 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.07.002
PG 4
WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell
Biology; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Hematology; Research
& Experimental Medicine
GA DX0EK
UT WOS:000384034400001
PM 27522596
ER
PT J
AU Conner, MM
Saunders, WC
Bouwes, N
Jordan, C
AF Conner, Mary M.
Saunders, W. Carl
Bouwes, Nicolaas
Jordan, Chris
TI Evaluating impacts using a BACI design, ratios, and a Bayesian approach
with a focus on restoration
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian approach; BACI; Hierarchical model; MCMC; Oncorhynchus mykiss;
Restoration impact; Steelhead
ID AFTER-CONTROL-IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; INTERVENTION ANALYSIS;
ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SURVIVAL ESTIMATION; SALMONID ABUNDANCE; MARKED
ANIMALS; BEAVER DAMS; RESPONSES; RECAPTURE
AB Before-after-control-impact (BACI) designs are an effective method to evaluate natural and human-induced perturbations on ecological variables when treatment sites cannot be randomly chosen. While effect sizes of interest can be tested with frequentist methods, using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods, probabilities of effect sizes, such as a >= 20 % increase in density after restoration, can be directly estimated. Although BACI and Bayesian methods are used widely for assessing natural and human-induced impacts for field experiments, the application of hierarchal Bayesian modeling with MCMC sampling to BACI designs is less common. Here, we combine these approaches and extend the typical presentation of results with an easy to interpret ratio, which provides an answer to the main study question-"How much impact did a management action or natural perturbation have?" As an example of this approach, we evaluate the impact of a restoration project, which implemented beaver dam analogs, on survival and density of juvenile steelhead. Results indicated the probabilities of a >= 30 % increase were high for survival and density after the dams were installed, 0.88 and 0.99, respectively, while probabilities for a higher increase of >= 50 % were variable, 0.17 and 0.82, respectively. This approach demonstrates a useful extension of Bayesian methods that can easily be generalized to other study designs from simple (e.g., single factor ANOVA, paired t test) to more complicated block designs (e.g., crossover, split-plot). This approach is valuable for estimating the probabilities of restoration impacts or other management actions.
C1 [Conner, Mary M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Saunders, W. Carl; Bouwes, Nicolaas] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Saunders, W. Carl; Bouwes, Nicolaas] Eco Log Res Inc, Box 706, Providence, UT 84332 USA.
[Jordan, Chris] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Math Ecol & Syst Monitoring Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Conner, MM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM mary.conner@usu.edu
OI Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593
FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration as part of the Integrated Status and Effectiveness
Monitoring Program
FX We thank N. Weber and I. Tattam for leading the field crews and
participating in the large data collection efforts. N. Weber also
provided help in data organization, management, and summarization. G.
White provided stimulating discussions of random effects models. P.
McHugh provided insightful comments on an earlier draft of the
manuscript. This research was supported by the Bonneville Power
Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
as part of the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program.
NR 69
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
EI 1573-2959
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 188
IS 10
AR 555
DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5526-6
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DX4DJ
UT WOS:000384330800013
ER
PT J
AU Williamson, I
Hernandez, AC
Wong-Ng, W
Li, L
AF Williamson, Izaak
Hernandez, Andres Correa
Wong-Ng, Winnie
Li, Lan
TI High-Throughput Computational Screening of Electrical and Phonon
Properties of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID ENHANCED THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; FEW-LAYER
MOS2; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILICON NANOWIRES; MONOLAYER MOS2; P-TYPE;
FIGURE; MERIT
AB Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) are of broadening research interest due to their novel physical, electrical, and thermoelectric properties. Having the chemical formula MX (2), where M is a transition metal and X is a chalcogen, there are many possible combinations to consider for materials-by-design exploration. By identifying novel compositions and utilizing the lower dimensionality, which allows for improved thermoelectric performance (e.g., increased Seebeck coefficients without sacrificing electron concentration), MX (2) materials are promising candidates for thermoelectric applications. However, to develop these materials into wide-scale use, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the compositional affects. This work investigates the structure, electronic, and phonon properties of 18 different MX (2) materials compositions as a benchmark to explore the impact of various elements. There is significant correlation between properties of constituent transition metals (atomic mass and radius) and the structure/properties of the corresponding 2D-TMDs. As the mass of M increases, the n-type power factor and phonon frequency gap increases. Similarly, increases in the radius of M lead to increased layer thickness and Seebeck coefficient S. Our results identify key factors to optimize MX (2) compositions for desired performance.
C1 [Williamson, Izaak; Hernandez, Andres Correa; Li, Lan] Boise State Univ, Micron Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
[Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, Lan] Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA.
RP Williamson, I (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Micron Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
EM izaakwilliamson@u.boisestate.edu
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 19
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 68
IS 10
BP 2666
EP 2672
DI 10.1007/s11837-016-2068-x
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
Mining & Mineral Processing
GA DX4EW
UT WOS:000384335000015
ER
PT J
AU Tomas, RA
Deser, C
Sun, LT
AF Tomas, Robert A.
Deser, Clara
Sun, Lantao
TI The Role of Ocean Heat Transport in the Global Climate Response to
Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; MIDLATITUDE WEATHER; AMPLIFICATION;
CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT; WATER; ITCZ
AB The purpose of this study is to elucidate the individual and combined roles of thermodynamic and dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupling in the equilibrium global climate response to projected Arctic sea ice loss using a suite of experiments conducted with Community Climate System Model, version 4, at 18 latitude-longitude spatial resolution. The results highlight the contrasting spatial structures and partially compensating effects of thermodynamic and dynamic coupling. In combination, thermodynamic and dynamic coupling produce a response pattern that is largely symmetric about the equator, whereas thermodynamic coupling alone yields an antisymmetric response. The latter is characterized by an interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, with maximum warming at high northern latitudes decreasing toward the equator, which displaces the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and Hadley circulation northward. In contrast, the fully coupled response shows enhanced warming at high latitudes of both hemispheres and along the equator; the equatorial warming is driven by anomalous ocean heat transport convergence and is accompanied by a narrow equatorward intensification of the northern and southern branches of the ITCZ. In both cases, the tropical precipitation response to Arctic sea ice loss feeds back onto the atmospheric circulation at midlatitudes via Rossby wave dynamics, highlighting the global interconnectivity of the coupled climate system. This study demonstrates the importance of ocean dynamics in mediating the equilibrium global climate response to Arctic sea ice loss.
C1 [Tomas, Robert A.; Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Sun, Lantao] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sun, Lantao] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Tomas, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM tomas@ucar.edu
FU Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation [1203539]
FX We thank the three reviewers and the editor for constructive comments
that helped us to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by
Grant 1203539 from the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science
Foundation.
NR 40
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 18
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 19
BP 6841
EP 6859
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0651.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX1ST
UT WOS:000384148000001
ER
PT J
AU Guan, C
McPhaden, MJ
AF Guan, Cong
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Ocean Processes Affecting the Twenty-First-Century Shift in ENSO SST
Variability
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TONGUE EL-NINO; DATA ASSIMILATION; WARM POOL; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
HEAT-BUDGET; SYSTEM; MODEL; MECHANISMS; ADVECTION; ANOMALIES
AB Sea surface temperature (SST) variability associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) slightly increased in the central Pacific Ocean but weakened significantly in the eastern Pacific at the beginning of twenty-first century relative to 1980-99. This decadal shift led to the greater prominence central Pacific (CP) El Nino events during the 2000s relative to the previous two decades, which were dominated by eastern Pacific (EP) events. To expand upon previous studies that have examined this shift in ENSO variability, temperature and temperature variance budgets are examined in the mixed layer of the Nino-3 (5 degrees S-5 degrees N, 150 degrees-90 degrees W) and Nino-4 (5 degrees S-5 degrees N, 160 degrees E-150 degrees W) regions from seven ocean model products spanning the period 1980-2010. This multimodel-product-based approach provides a robust assessment of dominant mechanisms that account for decadal changes in two key index regions. A temperature variance budget perspective on the role of thermocline feedbacks in the ENSO cycle based on recharge oscillator theory is also presented. As found in previous studies, thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks are the most important positive feedbacks for generating ENSO SST variance, and thermodynamic damping is the largest negative feedback for damping ENSO variance. Consistent with the shift toward more CP El Ninos after 2000, thermocline feedbacks experienced a substantial reduction from 1980 to 1999 and into the 2000s, while zonal advective feedbacks were less affected. Negative feedbacks likewise weakened after 2000, particularly thermal damping in the Nino-3 region and the nonlinear sink of variance in both regions.
C1 [Guan, Cong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
[Guan, Cong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Guan, Cong; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Guan, C (reprint author), 7 Nanhai Rd, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, Peoples R China.
EM guancong10@mails.ucas.ac.cn
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
FU China Scholarship Council; NOAA/ PMEL; National Basic Research Program
of China (973Program) [2012CB417401]; CAS Strategic Priority Research
Program [XDA11010204]
FX This research was carried out while the first author had a coeducate
Ph.D. program at NOAA/PMEL. The authors express their sincere gratitude
to Dr. Fan Wang from the Institute of Oceanology of CAS, the China
Scholarship Council, and NOAA/ PMEL for supporting this effort. We also
acknowledge the very thoughtful and constructive critiques of three
anonymous reviewers and the editor in improving the quality of this
manuscript. We thank Hamburg University, the ECMWF, University of
Maryland, GFDL, NOAA, and JAMSTEC APL for their valuable model products
and data. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program
of China (973Program; 2012CB417401) and the CAS Strategic Priority
Research Program (No. XDA11010204).
NR 50
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 19
BP 6861
EP 6879
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0870.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX1ST
UT WOS:000384148000002
ER
PT J
AU Rawlins, MA
Bradley, RS
Diaz, HF
Kimball, JS
Robinson, DA
AF Rawlins, Michael A.
Bradley, Raymond S.
Diaz, Henry F.
Kimball, John S.
Robinson, David A.
TI Future Decreases in Freezing Days across North America
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS;
PRECIPITATION; AMPLIFICATION; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; EXTREMES; SEASONS
AB This study used air temperatures from a suite of regional climate models participating in the North American Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) together with two atmospheric reanalysis datasets to investigate changes in freezing days (defined as days with daily average temperature below freezing) likely to occur between 30-yr baseline (1971-2000) and midcentury (2041-70) periods across most of North America. Changes in NARCCAP ensemble mean winter temperature show a strong gradient with latitude, with warming of over 4 degrees C near Hudson Bay. The decline in freezing days ranges from less than 10 days across north-central Canada to nearly 90 days in the warmest areas of the continent that currently undergo seasonally freezing conditions. The area experiencing freezing days contracts by 0.9-1.0 x 10(6) km(2) (5.7%-6.4% of the total area). Areas with mean annual temperature between 2 degrees and 6 degrees C and a relatively low rate of change in climatological daily temperatures (<0.2 degrees C day(-)) near the time of spring thaw will encounter the greatest decreases in freezing days. Advances in the timing of spring thaw will exceed the delay in fall freeze across much of the United States, with the reverse pattern likely over most of Canada.
C1 [Rawlins, Michael A.; Bradley, Raymond S.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA USA.
[Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado Boulder, NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Robinson, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ USA.
RP Rawlins, MA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Geosci, Morrill Sci Ctr 233, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM rawlins@geo.umass.edu
FU National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE);
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and
Development; Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center
from United States Geological Survey [G12AC00001]
FX We wish to thank the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment
Program (NARCCAP) for providing the data used in this paper. NARCCAP is
funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of
Research and Development. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers
for their constructive comments on the earlier version of the
manuscript. RSB was supported by the Department of the Interior
Northeast Climate Science Center, Grant G12AC00001 from the United
States Geological Survey. The content of the paper is solely the
responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the
views of the Northeast Climate Science Center or the USGS. This
manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the
United States government is authorized to reproduce and distribute
reprints for governmental purposes.
NR 38
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U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 19
BP 6923
EP 6935
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0802.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX1ST
UT WOS:000384148000006
ER
PT J
AU Hill, SA
Ming, Y
Held, IM
AF Hill, Spencer A.
Ming, Yi
Held, Isaac M.
TI Mechanisms of forced tropical meridional energy flux change (vol 28, pg
1725, 2015)
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Hill, Spencer A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Ming, Yi; Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Hill, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM spencerh@princeton.edu
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 19
BP 7169
EP 7169
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0485.1
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX1ST
UT WOS:000384148000020
ER
PT J
AU Sharipov, F
Yang, YC
Ricker, JE
Hendricks, JH
AF Sharipov, Felix
Yang, Yuanchao
Ricker, Jacob E.
Hendricks, Jay H.
TI Primary pressure standard based on piston-cylinder assemblies.
Calculation of effective cross sectional area based on rarefied gas
dynamics
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE piston-cylinder assembly; primary pressure standard; gas flow model
ID LAMPIS SCATTERING KERNEL; ELASTIC DISTORTIONS; FLOW-THROUGH; DRAG
FORCES; LONG TUBE; BALANCES; GAUGES; COEFFICIENTS; VISCOSITY; DENSITY
AB Currently, the piston-cylinder assembly known as PG39 is used as a primary pressure standard at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the range of 20 kPa to 1 MPa with a standard uncertainty of 3x10(-6) as evaluated in 2006. An approximate model of gas flow through the crevice between the piston and sleeve contributed significantly to this uncertainty. The aim of this work is to revise the previous effective cross sectional area of PG39 and its uncertainty by carrying out more exact calculations that consider the effects of rarefied gas flow. The effective cross sectional area is completely determined by the pressure distribution in the crevice. Once the pressure distribution is known, the elastic deformations of both piston and sleeve are calculated by finite element analysis. Then, the pressure distribution is recalculated iteratively for the new crevice dimension. As a result, a new value of the effective area is obtained with a relative difference of 3x10(-6) from the previous one. Moreover, this approach allows us to reduce significantly the standard uncertainty related to the gas flow model so that the total uncertainty is decreased by a factor of three.
C1 [Sharipov, Felix; Yang, Yuanchao; Ricker, Jacob E.; Hendricks, Jay H.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sharipov, Felix] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Fis, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
[Yang, Yuanchao] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
RP Sharipov, F (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sharipov@fisica.ufpr.br; yangyc@nim.ac.cn; jacob.ricker@nist.gov;
jay.hendricks@nist.gov
RI Sharipov, Felix/B-5059-2013
OI Sharipov, Felix/0000-0001-9372-2915
FU CAPES (Brazil) [BEX 0306/15-0]
FX The authors thank our colleagues James W Schmidt and Douglas A Olson for
fruitful discussions about the paper and their suggestions to improve
it. One of the authors (FSh) thanks CAPES (Brazil) for the support of
his long term visit to NIST, grant BEX 0306/15-0.
NR 33
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U1 2
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 5
BP 1177
EP 1184
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/1177
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DX3TP
UT WOS:000384297400013
ER
PT J
AU Toman, B
Nelson, MA
Lippa, KA
AF Toman, Blaza
Nelson, Michael A.
Lippa, Katrice A.
TI Chemical purity using quantitative H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance: a
hierarchical Bayesian approach for traceable calibrations
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE measurement uncertainty; observation equation; measurement equation;
internal calibration; Markov chain Monte Carlo
ID SPECTROSCOPY; QNMR; UNCERTAINTY; VALIDATION; NMR
AB Chemical purity assessment using quantitative H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a method based on ratio references of mass and signal intensity of the analyte species to that of chemical standards of known purity. As such, it is an example of a calculation using a known measurement equation with multiple inputs. Though multiple samples are often analyzed during purity evaluations in order to assess measurement repeatability, the uncertainty evaluation must also account for contributions from inputs to the measurement equation. Furthermore, there may be other uncertainty components inherent in the experimental design, such as independent implementation of multiple calibration standards. As such, the uncertainty evaluation is not purely bottom up (based on the measurement equation) or top down (based on the experimental design), but inherently contains elements of both. This hybrid form of uncertainty analysis is readily implemented with Bayesian statistical analysis. In this article we describe this type of analysis in detail and illustrate it using data from an evaluation of chemical purity and its uncertainty for a folic acid material.
C1 [Toman, Blaza; Nelson, Michael A.; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Toman, B (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM toman@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 5
BP 1193
EP 1203
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/1193
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DX3TP
UT WOS:000384297400015
ER
PT J
AU Bettin, H
Schlamminger, S
AF Bettin, H.
Schlamminger, S.
TI Realization, maintenance and dissemination of the kilogram in the
revised SI
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PLANCK CONSTANT; WATT BALANCE; CRYSTAL
C1 [Bettin, H.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Schlamminger, S.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bettin, H (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM Horst.Bettin@ptb.de; Stephan.Schlamminger@nist.gov
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 5
BP A1
EP A5
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A1
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DX3TP
UT WOS:000384297400001
ER
PT J
AU Davidson, S
Berry, J
Abbott, P
Marti, K
Green, R
Malengo, A
Nielsen, L
AF Davidson, Stuart
Berry, James
Abbott, Patrick
Marti, Kilian
Green, Richard
Malengo, Andrea
Nielsen, Lars
TI Air-vacuum transfer; establishing traceability to the new kilogram
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE kilogram; sorption; vacuum; transfer; surface
ID MAGNETIC SUSPENSION BALANCE; STEEL MASS STANDARDS; STAINLESS-STEEL;
ADSORPTION LAYERS; WATER-VAPOR; PRECISION DETERMINATION; AVOGADRO
CONSTANT; PLATINUM-IRIDIUM; SURFACES; SORPTION
AB The redefinition of the kilogram, along with another three of the base units of the International System of Units (SI), is scheduled for 2018. The current definition of the SI unit of mass assigns a mass of exactly one kilogram to the International Prototype of the kilogram, which is maintained in air and from which the unit is disseminated. The new definition, which will be from the Planck constant, involves the realisation of the mass unit in vacuum by the watt balance or Avogadro experiments. Thus, for the effective dissemination of the mass unit from the primary realisation experiments to end users, traceability of mass standards transferred between vacuum and air needs to be established and the associated uncertainties well understood. This paper describes a means of achieving the link between a unit realised in vacuum and standards used in air, and the ways in which their use can be optimised. It also investigates the likely uncertainty contribution introduced by the vacuum-air transfer process.
C1 [Davidson, Stuart; Berry, James] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Abbott, Patrick] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8221, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Marti, Kilian] Fed Inst Metrol METAS, Lindenweg 50, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland.
[Green, Richard] CNR, 1200 Montreal Rd,Bldg M-58, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
[Malengo, Andrea] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
[Nielsen, Lars] Danish Natl Metrol Inst DFM, Matematiktorvet 307,1 Sal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
RP Davidson, S (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
EM stuart.davidson@npl.co.uk
FU EMRP within the European Association of National Metrology Institutes
(EURAMET); EMRP within the European Union
FX The work leading to some of the results described in this publication is
part of the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP), which is
jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within the European
Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) and the European
Union.
NR 39
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U1 3
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 5
BP A95
EP A113
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A95
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DX3TP
UT WOS:000384297400009
ER
PT J
AU Haddad, D
Seifert, F
Chao, LS
Li, S
Newell, DB
Pratt, JR
Williams, C
Schlamminger, S
AF Haddad, D.
Seifert, F.
Chao, L. S.
Li, S.
Newell, D. B.
Pratt, J. R.
Williams, C.
Schlamminger, S.
TI Bridging classical and quantum mechanics
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE watt balance; frequency comb; Josephson voltage; quantum Hall
resistance; mass-energy equivalence
ID FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; KILOGRAM; REDEFINITION; UNITS
AB Using a watt balance and a frequency comb, a mass-energy equivalence is derived. The watt balance compares mechanical power measured in terms of the meter, the second, and the kilogram to electrical power measured in terms of the volt and the ohm. A direct link between mechanical action and the Planck constant is established by the practical realization of the electrical units derived from the Josephson and the quantum Hall effects. By using frequency combs to measure velocities and acceleration of gravity, the unit of mass can be realized from a set of three defining constants: the Planck constant h, the speed of light c, and the hyperfine splitting frequency of Cs-133.
C1 [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.; Chao, L. S.; Li, S.; Newell, D. B.; Pratt, J. R.; Williams, C.; Schlamminger, S.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.; Williams, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, S.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
RP Haddad, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Haddad, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM darine.haddad@nist.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 5
BP A83
EP A85
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A83
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DX3TP
UT WOS:000384297400007
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, IA
Schlamminger, S
AF Robinson, Ian A.
Schlamminger, Stephan
TI The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI
definition of the unit of mass
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE kilogram; watt balance; redefinition; Kibble balance; Planck constant;
mass measurement
ID JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARDS; PLANCK CONSTANT; ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETERS;
MARK-II; MAGNETIC-CIRCUIT; ATOMIC INTERFEROMETERS; LASER
INTERFEROMETERS; BUOYANCY ARTIFACTS; PLATINUM-IRIDIUM; STAINLESS-STEEL
AB The redefinition of the SI unit of mass in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant has been made possible by the Kibble balance, previously known as the watt balance. Once the new definition has been adopted, the Kibble balance technique will permit the realisation of the mass unit over a range from milligrams to kilograms. We describe the theory underlying the Kibble balance and practical techniques required to construct such an instrument to relate a macroscopic physical mass to the Planck constant with an uncertainty, which is achievable at present, in the region of 2 parts in 10(8). A number of Kibble balances have either been built or are under construction and we compare the principal features of these balances.
C1 [Robinson, Ian A.] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Schlamminger, Stephan] NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Robinson, IA (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
EM ian.robinson@npl.co.uk
NR 159
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U1 6
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 53
IS 5
BP A46
EP A74
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A46
PG 29
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DX3TP
UT WOS:000384297400005
ER
PT J
AU Westervelt, DM
Horowitz, LW
Naik, V
Tai, APK
Fiore, AM
Mauzerall, DL
AF Westervelt, D. M.
Horowitz, L. W.
Naik, V.
Tai, A. P. K.
Fiore, A. M.
Mauzerall, D. L.
TI Quantifying PM2.5-meteorology sensitivities in a global climate model
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE PM2.5; Climate change; Climate model; Sensitivity
ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; QUALITY; CITIES;
PM2.5; MORTALITY; AEROSOLS; CHINA; IMPACTS
AB Climate change can influence fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) through changes in air pollution meteorology. Knowledge of the extent to which climate change can exacerbate or alleviate air pollution in the future is needed for robust climate and air pollution policy decision-making. To examine the influence of climate on PM2.5, we use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model version 3 (GFDL CM3), a fully-coupled chemistry-climate model, combined with future emissions and concentrations provided by the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). For each of the RCPs, we conduct future simulations in which emissions of aerosols and their precursors are held at 2005 levels while other climate forcing agents evolve in time, such that only climate (and thus meteorology) can influence PM2.5 surface concentrations. We find, a small increase in global, annual mean PM2.5 of about 0.21 mu g m(-3) (5%) for RCP8.5, a scenario with maximum warming. Changes in global mean PM2.5 are at a maximum in the fall and are mainly controlled by sulfate followed by organic aerosol with minimal influence of black carbon. RCP2.6 is the only scenario that projects a decrease in global PM2.5 with future climate changes, albeit only by 0.06 mu g m(-3) (1.5%) by the end of the 21st century. Regional and local changes in PM2.5 are larger, reaching upwards of 2 mu g m(-3) for polluted (eastern China) and dusty (western Africa) locations on an annually averaged basis in RCP8.5. Using multiple linear regression, we find that future PM2.5 concentrations are most sensitive to local temperature, followed by surface wind and precipitation. PM2.5 concentrations are robustly positively associated with temperature, while negatively related with precipitation and wind speed. Present-day (2006-2015) modeled sensitivities of PM2.5 to meteorological variables are evaluated against observations and found to agree reasonably well with observed sensitivities (within 10-50% over the eastern United States for several variables), although the modeled PM2.5 is less sensitive to precipitation than in the observations due to weaker convective scavenging. We conclude that the hypothesized "climate penalty" of future increases in PM2.5 is relatively minor on a global scale compared to the influence of emissions on PM2.5 concentrations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Westervelt, D. M.; Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
[Horowitz, L. W.; Naik, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Tai, A. P. K.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Tai, A. P. K.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Grad Div Earth & Atmospher Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA.
[Westervelt, D. M.; Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Program Sci Technol & Envrionm Policy, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Westervelt, DM (reprint author), 301E Oceanog,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM danielmw@ldeo.columbia.edu
RI Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013
OI Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700
FU Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP) program at the
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton
University; EPA-STAR Grant [83520601]
FX D. Westervelt was supported by a fellowship from the Science, Technology
and Environmental Policy (STEP) program at the Woodrow Wilson School of
Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. This article
was also made possible by EPA-STAR Grant 83520601. Its contents are
solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily
represent the official view of the EPA.
NR 57
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 142
BP 43
EP 56
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.040
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DV9WO
UT WOS:000383293100005
ER
PT J
AU Chang, CY
Faust, E
Hou, XT
Lee, P
Kim, HC
Hedquist, BC
Liao, KJ
AF Chang, Chih-Yuan
Faust, Eric
Hou, Xiangting
Lee, Pius
Kim, Hyun Cheol
Hedquist, Brent C.
Liao, Kuo-Jen
TI Investigating ambient ozone formation regimes in neighboring cities of
shale plays in the Northeast United States using photochemical modeling
and satellite retrievals
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE CMAQ; GOME-2; OMI; Ozone formation regimes; Shale oil and gas
ID NO2 COLUMN RETRIEVAL; AIR-QUALITY; NATURAL-GAS; MONITORING INSTRUMENT;
SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SURFACE OZONE; EMISSIONS; IMPACTS; URBAN; TEXAS
AB This study investigates long-term (i.e., 2007-2014) fluctuations in ambient ozone formation regimes for cities adjacent to shale plays in the Northeast United States (U.S.). Ozone air quality in many cities of the Northeast U.S. does not meet the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and understanding ambient ozone formation regimes is essential to develop effective air pollution mitigation strategies for cities violating the air quality standards. Since 2013, the U.S. has become the world's largest producer of tight oil and natural gas from shale rock, and previous studies show that emissions of air pollutant precursors from shale oil and gas-related activities would have the potential to affect ambient ozone air quality in adjacent cities of shale plays. This work leveraged (1) satellite-retrieved column densities of formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from multiple instruments (i.e., Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2)); (2) photochemical air quality modeling and sensitivity analysis; and (3) ratios of satellite-retrieved air pollutant column densities to investigate ambient ozone formation regimes in neighboring cities of shale plays (i.e., Marcellus Shale) in the Northeast U.S. from 2007 to 2014. Our results show that ambient ozone formation in Boston, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. (which are close to Marcellus Shale) was in the NOx-limited or transition regime during the period of study. Ambient ozone formation in New York City was in the transition regime during 2010-2013 and VOC-limited regime during 2007-2009 and in 2014. Based on the result of this study, we conclude that controls NOx emissions would mitigate ozone air pollution from 2007 to 2014 in most of the cities examined in this study. Controls of local VOC emissions would ease ozone air pollution in New York City during the study period. With projected increases in oil and gas production from shale plays in the Northeast U.S., air pollutant emissions from oil and gas related activities are expected to increase in the future. The results of this study imply that controls of ozone precursor emissions from shale oil and gas-related activities could be a potential strategy for reducing ambient ozone formation in cities adjacent to the shale plays in Northeast U.S. in the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Chang, Chih-Yuan; Faust, Eric; Hou, Xiangting; Liao, Kuo-Jen] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kingsville, TX USA.
[Lee, Pius; Kim, Hyun Cheol] NOAA, OAR, ARL, College Pk, MD USA.
[Kim, Hyun Cheol] Univ Maryland, NOAA Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Kim, Hyun Cheol] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hedquist, Brent C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Geosci, Kingsville, TX USA.
RP Liao, KJ (reprint author), 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 213, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.
EM kuo-jen.liao@tamuk.edu
RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012
OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145
FU U.S. EPA under the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER)
STAR Program [R835218]; U.S. EPA's STAR program
FX The authors thank the U.S. EPA for providing funding under the National
Center for Environmental Research (NCER) STAR Program grant R835218.
Although the research described in the article has been funded by the
U.S. EPA's STAR program, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and
therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no
official endorsement should be inferred. The authors also acknowledge
the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at
Austin for providing High-Performance Computing (HPC) resources that
have contributed to the research results reported within this study. We
also acknowledge the free use of OMI and GOME-2's tropospheric HCHO and
NO2 column data from Tropospheric Emission Monitoring
Internet Service (TEMIS) (http://www.temis.nl/index.php).
NR 46
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 142
BP 152
EP 170
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.058
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DV9WO
UT WOS:000383293100015
ER
PT J
AU Park, O
Veloo, PS
Sheen, DA
Tao, YJ
Egolfopoulus, FN
Wang, H
AF Park, Okjoo
Veloo, Peter S.
Sheen, David A.
Tao, Yujie
Egolfopoulus, Fokion N.
Wang, Hai
TI Chemical kinetic model uncertainty minimization through laminar flame
speed measurements
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Laminar flame speeds; Uncertainty quantification; Kinetics; Chemical
model development, Alkanes; Alkenes
ID HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION; COUNTERFLOW IGNITION; OXYGENATED FUELS;
HIGH-PRESSURES; RATE CONSTANTS; FLOW REACTOR; SHOCK-TUBE; MIXTURES;
OXIDATION; OPTIMIZATION
AB Laminar flame speed measurements were carried for mixture of air with eight C3-4 hydrocarbons (propene, propane, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butene, n-butane, and iso-butane) at the room temperature and ambient pressure. Along with C1-2 hydrocarbon data reported in a recent study, the entire dataset was used to demonstrate how laminar flame speed data can be utilized to explore and minimize the uncertainties in a reaction model for foundation fuels. The USC Mech II kinetic model was chosen as a case study. The method of uncertainty minimization using polynomial chaos expansions (MUM-PCE) (Sheen and Wang, 2011) was employed to constrain the model uncertainty for laminar flame speed predictions. Results demonstrate that a reaction model constrained only by the laminar flame speed values of methane/air flames notably reduces the uncertainty in the predictions of the laminar flame speeds of C-3 and C-4 alkanes, because the key chemical pathways of all of these flames are similar to each other. The uncertainty in model predictions for flames of unsaturated C3-4 hydrocarbons remain significant without considering fuel specific laminar flames speeds in the constraining target data set, because the secondary rate controlling reaction steps are different from those in the saturated alkanes. It is shown that the constraints provided by the laminar flame speeds of the foundation fuels could reduce notably the uncertainties in the predictions of laminar flame speeds of C-4 alcohol/air mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an accurate prediction of the laminar flame speed of a particular C-4 alcohol/air mixture is better achieved through measurements for key molecular intermediates formed during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the parent fuel. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 [Park, Okjoo; Egolfopoulus, Fokion N.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Veloo, Peter S.] Exponent, Los Angeles, CA 90066 USA.
[Sheen, David A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tao, Yujie; Wang, Hai] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Park, Okjoo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Park, O (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM okjoo.park@gmail.com
FU CEFRC, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001198]; AFOSR
[FA9550-12-1-0472, FA9550-16-1-0051]
FX This material is based upon work partially supported as part of the
CEFRC, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under
Award number DE-SC0001198. Work was also partially supported by AFOSR
under Grant nos. FA9550-12-1-0472 and FA9550-16-1-0051.
NR 67
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 13
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 172
BP 136
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.07.004
PG 17
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA DW8RE
UT WOS:000383922400011
PM 27890938
ER
PT J
AU Sanders, B
Ammann, M
Hoff, R
Huston, M
Jenkins, K
Palagyi, T
Pelto, K
Rettig, T
Wagner, A
AF Sanders, Brenda
Ammann, Mike
Hoff, Rebecca
Huston, Mark
Jenkins, Kenneth
Palagyi, Tony
Pelto, Karen
Rettig, Todd
Wagner, Anne
TI Coordinating Ecological Risk Assessment with Natural Resource Damage
Assessment: A Panel Discussion
SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Coordinated approach; Ecological risk assessment; Natural resource
damage assessment
AB Contaminated sites in the United States undergo remediation and restoration through regulatory programs that lead the 2 processes through independent but often parallel pathways with different objectives. The objective of remediation is to reduce risk to human health and the environment, whereas that of restoration is to restore injured resources and compensate the public for lost use of the services that natural resources provide. More complex sites, such as those associated with large river systems and urban waterways, have resulted in increasingly larger-scale ecological risk assessments (ERAs) and natural resource damage assessments (NRDAs) that take many years and involve diverse practitioners including scientists, economists, and engineers. Substantial levels of effort are now frequently required, creating a need for more efficient and cost-effective approaches to data collection, analyses, and assessments. Because there are commonalities in the data needs between ERAs and NRDAs, coordination of the design and implementation of site-specific studies that meet the needs of both programs could result in increased efficiency and lower costs. The Association for Environmental Health and Sciences Foundation convened a panel of environmental practitioners from industry, consulting, and regulatory bodies to examine the benefits and challenges associated with coordinating ERA and NRDA activities in the context of a broad range of regulatory programs. This brief communication presents the opinions and conclusions of the panelists on these issues and reports 2 case studies for which coordinated ERA and NRDA activities produced a positive outcome. (C) 2015 SETAC
C1 [Sanders, Brenda; Jenkins, Kenneth] Integral Consulting, San Francisco, CA USA.
[Ammann, Mike; Wagner, Anne] Chevron Energy Technol Co, San Ramon, CA USA.
[Hoff, Rebecca] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA.
[Huston, Mark] US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA.
[Palagyi, Tony] Cardno, Seattle, WA USA.
[Pelto, Karen] Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, Boston, MA USA.
[Rettig, Todd] Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Springfield, IL USA.
RP Sanders, B (reprint author), Integral Consulting, San Francisco, CA USA.
EM bsanders@integral-corp.com
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1551-3777
EI 1551-3793
J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES
JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 4
BP 616
EP 621
DI 10.1002/ieam.1721
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA DW0XH
UT WOS:000383365800005
PM 26442820
ER
PT J
AU Nolas, GS
Hassan, MS
Dong, Y
Martin, J
AF Nolas, George S.
Hassan, M. Shafiq
Dong, Yongkwan
Martin, Joshua
TI Synthesis, crystal structure and electrical properties of the
tetrahedral quaternary chalcogenides CuM2InTe4 (M=Zn, Cd)
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT North American Solid State Chemistry Conference (NASSCC)
CY MAY, 2015
CL Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL
HO Florida State Univ
DE Quaternary chalcogenides; Thermoelectrics; Electrical transport
ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALS; CU2ZNSNSE4; CU2CDSNSE4; CU
AB Quaternary chalcogenides form a large class of materials that continue to be of interest for energy-related applications. Certain compositions have recently been identified as possessing good thermoelectric properties however these materials typically have the kesterite structure type with limited variation in composition. In this study we report on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the quaternary chalcogenides CuZn2InTe4 and CuCd2InTe4 which crystallize in the modified zinc-blende crystal structure, and compare their properties with that of CuZn2InSe4. These p-type semiconductors have direct band gaps of about 1 eV resulting in relatively high Seebeck coefficient and resistivity values. This work expands on the research into quaternary chalcogenides with new compositions and structure types in order to further the fundamental investigation of multinary chalcogenides for potential thermoelectrics applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nolas, George S.; Hassan, M. Shafiq; Dong, Yongkwan] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Martin, Joshua] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
EM gnolas@usf.edu
NR 25
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U1 7
U2 7
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
EI 1095-726X
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 242
SI SI
BP 50
EP 54
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.03.038
PN 2
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA DW0BC
UT WOS:000383304900007
ER
PT J
AU Fernandez, L
Kaiser, B
Moore, S
Vestergaard, N
AF Fernandez, Linda
Kaiser, Brooks
Moore, Sue
Vestergaard, Niels
TI Introduction to special issue: Arctic marine resource governance
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Arctic; Marine resource governance; Resource Stewards
AB Arctic marine resource governance is analyzed under overarching themes that include: Global Management and Institutions for Arctic Marine Resources, Resource Stewards and Users: Local and Indigenous Co-management, Development and Governance, Multi-scale, Ecosystem-based, Arctic Marine Resource Management. Six papers present the thematic analyses built on respected theory from various disciplines with empirical applications across five Arctic countries (Russia, Canada, U. S., Iceland, Norway) and the Central Arctic Ocean. The timing of this special issue is ideal since one theme of the U. S. chairmanship of the Arctic Council is stewardship of the Arctic Ocean with a focus on marine environmental protection, Arctic ocean acidification, Arctic indigenous people as well as search and rescue. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fernandez, Linda] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
[Kaiser, Brooks; Vestergaard, Niels] Univ Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
[Moore, Sue] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Fernandez, L (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
EM lmfernandez@vcu.edu; baka@sam.sdu.dk; nv@sam.sdu.dk; smoore@noaa.gov
OI Vestergaard, Niels/0000-0001-9270-2461
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
EI 1872-9460
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 72
BP 237
EP 239
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.04.035
PG 3
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA DW7HJ
UT WOS:000383821500025
ER
PT J
AU Dortmans, JNH
Remley, KA
Senic, D
Wang, CM
Holloway, CL
AF Dortmans, Jos N. H.
Remley, Kate A.
Senic, Damir
Wang, Chih-Ming
Holloway, Christopher L.
TI Use of Absorption Cross Section to Predict Coherence Bandwidth and Other
Characteristics of a Reverberation Chamber Setup for Wireless-System
Tests
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Absorption cross section; coherence bandwidth; delay spread;
over-the-air (OTA) test; power transfer function; reverberation chamber
(RC); wireless system
ID DELAY SPREAD; DEVICES; CHANNEL; UNCERTAINTY; OBJECTS
AB We present a method to predict the coherence bandwidth, delay spread, and power transfer function of a reverberation chamber. With an S-parameter measurement of an unloaded chamber and a measurement of one loading condition, the characteristics for other loading conditions can be predicted. The method is based on the absorption cross section of the absorbing material that is added to the chamber. We tested this method in two different reverberation chambers and for different types, shapes, and orientations of absorbing material. For all evaluated cases, the differences between the predicted and measured characteristics were below 6.2%.
C1 [Dortmans, Jos N. H.; Remley, Kate A.; Senic, Damir; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wang, Chih-Ming] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Dortmans, JNH (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM j.n.h.dortmans@student.tue.nl; kate.remley@nist.gov;
damir.senic@nist.gov; jwang@boulder.nist.gov; holloway@boulder.nist.gov
NR 24
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U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9375
EI 1558-187X
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 58
IS 5
BP 1653
EP 1661
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA DU3LU
UT WOS:000382113100031
ER
PT J
AU Arora, SS
Cao, K
Jain, AK
Paulter, NG
AF Arora, Sunpreet S.
Cao, Kai
Jain, Anil K.
Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.
TI Design and Fabrication of 3D Fingerprint Targets
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D fingerprint targets; fingerprint reader evaluation; 2D calibration
patterns; 3D printing; 2D pattern to 3D surface projection
ID SKIN
AB Standard targets are typically used for structural (white-box) evaluation of fingerprint readers, e.g., for calibrating imaging components of a reader. However, there is no standard method for behavioral (black-box) evaluation of fingerprint readers in operational settings where variations in finger placement by the user are encountered. The goal of this research is to design and fabricate 3D targets for repeatable behavioral evaluation of fingerprint readers. 2D calibration patterns with known characteristics (e.g., sinusoidal gratings of pre-specified orientation and frequency, and fingerprints with known singular points and minutiae) are projected onto a generic 3D finger surface to create electronic 3D targets. A state-of-the-art 3D printer (Stratasys Objet350 Connex) is used to fabricate wearable 3D targets with materials similar in hardness and elasticity to the human finger skin. The 3D printed targets are cleaned using 2M NaOH solution to obtain evaluation-ready 3D targets. Our experimental results show that: 1) features present in the 2D calibration pattern are preserved during the creation of the electronic 3D target; 2) features engraved on the electronic 3D target are preserved during the physical 3D target fabrication; and 3) intra-class variability between multiple impressions of the physical 3D target is small. We also demonstrate that the generated 3D targets are suitable for behavioral evaluation of three different (500/1000 ppi) PIV/Appendix F certified optical fingerprint readers in the operational settings.
C1 [Arora, Sunpreet S.; Cao, Kai; Jain, Anil K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Arora, SS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM arorasun@cse.msu.edu; kaicao@cse.msu.edu; jain@cse.msu.edu;
paulter@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Measurement
Science program [60NANB11D155]
FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) Measurement Science program under Grant 60NANB11D155.
This paper was presented at the Proceedings of the 22nd International
Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2014 [1]. The associate editor
coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for
publication was Prof. PC Yuen.
NR 36
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U1 10
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PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1556-6013
EI 1556-6021
J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC
JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 10
BP 2284
EP 2297
DI 10.1109/TIFS.2016.2581306
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA DU4FK
UT WOS:000382167800011
ER
PT J
AU Coopersmith, EJ
Cosh, MH
Bell, JE
Kelly, V
Hall, M
Palecki, MA
Temimi, M
AF Coopersmith, Evan J.
Cosh, Michael H.
Bell, Jesse E.
Kelly, Victoria
Hall, Mark
Palecki, Michael A.
Temimi, Marouane
TI Deploying temporary networks for upscaling of sparse network stations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Soil moisture; Temporary networks; In-situ observation; Upscaling; Data
mining
ID CLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK; SOIL-MOISTURE; STABILITY
AB Soil observations networks at the national scale play an integral role in hydrologic modeling, drought assessment, agricultural decision support, and our ability to understand climate change. Understanding soil moisture variability is necessary to apply these measurements to model calibration, business and consumer applications, or even human health issues. The installation of soil moisture sensors as sparse, national networks is necessitated by limited financial resources. However, this results in the incomplete sampling of the local heterogeneity of soil type, vegetation cover, topography, and the fine spatial distribution of precipitation events. To this end, temporary networks can be installed in the areas surrounding a permanent installation within a sparse network. The temporary networks deployed in this study provide a more representative average at the 3 km and 9 km scales, localized about the permanent gauge. The value of such temporary networks is demonstrated at test sites in Millbrook, New York and Crossville, Tennessee. The capacity of a single U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) sensor set to approximate the average of a temporary network at the 3 km and 9 km scales using a simple linear scaling function is tested. The capacity of a temporary network to provide reliable estimates with diminishing numbers of sensors, the temporal stability of those networks, and ultimately, the relationship of the variability of those networks to soil moisture conditions at the permanent sensor are investigated. In this manner, this work demonstrates the single-season installation of a temporary network as a mechanism to characterize the soil moisture variability at a permanent gauge within a sparse network. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Coopersmith, Evan J.; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Bell, Jesse E.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Kelly, Victoria] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA.
[Hall, Mark] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NOAA ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
[Bell, Jesse E.; Palecki, Michael A.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Temimi, Marouane] CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA.
[Temimi, Marouane] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
RP Coopersmith, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM evan@prognosticdatasolutions.com
OI Palecki, Michael/0000-0002-1557-9866; Coopersmith,
Evan/0000-0002-6223-4828
FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites -
North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program
[NNH10ZDA001N-THP]; USDA Agricultural Research Service
FX This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for
Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement
NA09NES4400006. This work was also supported by the NASA Terrestrial
Hydrology Program (NNH10ZDA001N-THP) and USDA Agricultural Research
Service. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Additional
thanks are owed to Howard Diamond and NOAA's Atmospheric Turbulence and
Diffusion Division (ATDD).
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0303-2434
J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS
JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 52
BP 433
EP 444
DI 10.1016/j.jag.2016.07.013
PG 12
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA DV5XH
UT WOS:000383003500040
ER
PT J
AU Yu, T
Wang, W
Ciren, P
Zhu, Y
AF Yu, Tao
Wang, Wen
Ciren, Pubu
Zhu, Yan
TI Assessment of human health impact from exposure to multiple air
pollutants in China based on satellite observations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Multiple air pollutants; Human health; Assessment; Distribution; Remote
sensing
ID SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; DAILY
MORTALITY; RELATIVE RISK; UNITED-STATES; LUNG-CANCER; POLLUTION; OZONE;
VALIDATION
AB Assessment of human health impact caused by air pollution is crucial for evaluating environmental hazards. In this paper, concentrations of six air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O-3, and CO) were first derived from satellite observations, and then the overall human health risks in China caused by multiple air pollutants were assessed using an aggregated health risks index. Unlike traditional approach for human health risks assessment, which relied on the in-situ air pollution measurements, the spatial distribution of aggregated human health risks in China were obtained using satellite observations in this research. It was indicated that the remote sensing data have advantages over in-situ data in accessing human health impact caused by air pollution. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yu, Tao; Wang, Wen; Ciren, Pubu; Zhu, Yan] Renmin Univ China, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ctr Spatial Informat, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China.
[Yu, Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Yu, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Yu, Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Ciren, Pubu] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR,Univ Res Ctr 5825, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Wang, W (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ctr Spatial Informat, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China.
EM yutaogis@hotmail.com; wen_wang2000@hotmail.com; zhuyan@ruc.edu.cn
RI Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011
FU National Social Science Foundation of China [11ZD157]
FX This study was supported by Major Program of National Social Science
Foundation of China (11&ZD157). Thanks for Pingping Yao and Xi Yang's
work in data collection and processing in the first revision. Thanks for
the reviewer's constructive comments and insightful suggestions.
NR 55
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U1 30
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0303-2434
J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS
JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 52
BP 542
EP 553
DI 10.1016/j.jag.2016.07.020
PG 12
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA DV5XH
UT WOS:000383003500050
ER
PT J
AU Chen, D
Sarkar, S
Candia, J
Florczyk, SJ
Bodhak, S
Driscoll, MK
Simon, CG
Dunkers, JP
Losert, W
AF Chen, Desu
Sarkar, Sumona
Candia, Julian
Florczyk, Stephen J.
Bodhak, Subhadip
Driscoll, Meghan K.
Simon, Carl G., Jr.
Dunkers, Joy P.
Losert, Wolfgang
TI Machine learning based methodology to identify cell shape phenotypes
associated with microenvironmental cues
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cell morphology; Machine learning; Supercell; Fibrous substrates; Stem
cell
ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; OSTEOGENIC
DIFFERENTIATION; NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLD; CYTOSKELETAL TENSION;
PROLIFERATION; FATE; RHOA; HETEROGENEITY; ACTIVATION
AB Cell morphology has been identified as a potential indicator of stem cell response to biomaterials. However, determination of cell shape phenotype in biomaterials is complicated by heterogeneous cell populations, microenvironment heterogeneity, and multi-parametric definitions of cell morphology. To associate cell morphology with cell-material interactions, we developed a shape phenotyping framework based on support vector machines. A feature selection procedure was implemented to select the most significant combination of cell shape metrics to build classifiers with both accuracy and stability to identify and predict microenvironment-driven morphological differences in heterogeneous cell populations. The analysis was conducted at a multi-cell level, where a "supercell" method used average shape measurements of small groups of single cells to account for heterogeneous populations and microenvironment. A subsampling validation algorithm revealed the range of supercell sizes and sample sizes needed for classifier stability and generalization capability. As an example, the responses of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) to fibrous vs flat microenvironments were compared on day 1. Our analysis showed that 57 cells (grouped into supercells of size 4) are the minimum needed for phenotyping. The analysis identified that a combination of minor axis length, solidity, and mean negative curvature were the strongest early shape-based indicator of hBMSCs response to fibrous microenvironment. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Chen, Desu] Univ Maryland, Biophys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Candia, Julian; Driscoll, Meghan K.; Losert, Wolfgang] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sarkar, Sumona; Florczyk, Stephen J.; Bodhak, Subhadip; Simon, Carl G., Jr.; Dunkers, Joy P.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Candia, Julian] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Candia, Julian] NIH, Ctr Human Immunol, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Losert, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM wlosert@umd.edu
FU NIST grant [70NANB14H282]; NSF [PHY120596]
FX We would like to thank Hariharan K. Iyer (National Institute of
Standards and Technology) for the discussion about canonical cell
shapes. WL and DC acknowledge NIST grant [70NANB14H282] and WL, JC, and
MD acknowledge NSF grant [PHY120596].
NR 57
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U1 10
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
EI 1878-5905
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 104
BP 104
EP 118
DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.040
PG 15
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA DU6SN
UT WOS:000382345000009
PM 27449947
ER
PT J
AU Hu, QN
Aboustait, M
Kim, T
Ley, MT
Hanan, JC
Bullard, J
Winarski, R
Rose, V
AF Hu, Qinang
Aboustait, Mohammed
Kim, Taehwan
Ley, M. Tyler
Hanan, Jay C.
Bullard, Jeffrey
Winarski, Robert
Rose, Volker
TI Direct three-dimensional observation of the microstructure and chemistry
of C3S hydration
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Microstructure; Ca3SiO5; Hydration product; EDX; Nano-tomography
ID C-S-H; CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; RAY
COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BETA-DICALCIUM SILICATE; TRICALCIUM SILICATE;
PORTLAND-CEMENT; ALITE HYDRATION; FLY-ASH; MICROSCOPY
AB Disagreements about the mechanisms of cement hydration remain despite the fact that portland cement has been studied extensively for over 100 years. One reason for this is that direct observation of the change in microstructure and chemistry are challenging for many experimental techniques. This paper presents results from synchrotron nano X-ray tomography and fluorescence imaging. The data show unprecedented direct observations of small collections of C3S particles before and after different periods of hydration in 15 mmol/L lime solution. X-ray absorption contrast is used to make three dimensional maps of the changes of these materials with time. The chemical compositions of hydration products are then identified with X-ray fluorescence mapping and scanning electron microscopy. These experiments are used to provide insight into the rate and morphology of the microstructure formation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hu, Qinang; Aboustait, Mohammed; Kim, Taehwan; Ley, M. Tyler] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
[Hanan, Jay C.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tulsa, OK 74106 USA.
[Bullard, Jeffrey] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Winarski, Robert; Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Rose, Volker] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Hu, QN (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
EM Qinang@okstate.edu
RI Rose, Volker/B-1103-2008;
OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052; Hu, Qinang/0000-0002-3841-8280; Kim,
Taehwan/0000-0003-4371-7178
FU Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Exploratory Advanced Research
(EAR) program [DTFH61-12-H-00003]; United State National Science
Foundation [CMMI 1150404]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was sponsored by funding from Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA) Exploratory Advanced Research (EAR) program Award #:
DTFH61-12-H-00003 and funding from the United State National Science
Foundation CMMI 1150404 CAREER Award. We thank our collaborators, George
Scherer (Princeton University), Brad Chmelka (University of California,
Santa Barbara), Andreas Luttge and Rolf Arvidson (University of Bremen),
Denise Silva and Josephine Cheung (W.R. Grace) and Larry Robert (Roberts
Consulting), for their insightful advice on this work. The XRD and
ICP-OES measurements were made at W.R. Grace by Jeffrey Nicolich. Use of
the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Photon Source were
supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 66
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 16
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
EI 1873-3948
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 88
BP 157
EP 169
DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.07.006
PG 13
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA DV3EH
UT WOS:000382803300015
ER
PT J
AU Li, G
Iskandarani, M
Le Henaff, M
Winokur, J
Le Maitre, OP
Knio, OM
AF Li, Guotu
Iskandarani, Mohamed
Le Henaff, Matthieu
Winokur, Justin
Le Maitre, Olivier P.
Knio, Omar M.
TI Quantifying initial and wind forcing uncertainties in the Gulf of Mexico
SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Polynomial chaos expansion; Empirical orthogonal function; Sensitivity
analysis; Basis pursuit denoising
ID STOCHASTIC PROJECTION METHOD; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; POLYNOMIAL
CHAOS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FLUID-FLOW; EXPANSIONS; SYSTEM
AB This study aims at analyzing the combined impact of uncertainties in initial conditions and wind forcing fields in ocean general circulation models (OGCM) using polynomial chaos (PC) expansions. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) are used to formulate both spatial perturbations to initial conditions and space-time wind forcing perturbations, namely in the form of a superposition of modal components with uniformly distributed random amplitudes. The forward deterministic HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is used to propagate input uncertainties in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) in spring 2010, during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and to generate the ensemble of model realizations based on which PC surrogate models are constructed for both localized and field quantities of interest (QoIs), focusing specifically on sea surface height (SSH) and mixed layer depth (MLD). These PC surrogate models are constructed using basis pursuit denoising methodology, and their performance is assessed through various statistical measures. A global sensitivity analysis is then performed to quantify the impact of individual modes as well as their interactions. It shows that the local SSH at the edge of the GoM main current-the Loop Current-is mostly sensitive to perturbations of the initial conditions affecting the current front, whereas the local MLD in the area of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is more sensitive to wind forcing perturbations. At the basin scale, the SSH in the deep GoM is mostly sensitive to initial condition perturbations, while over the shelf it is sensitive to wind forcing perturbations. On the other hand, the basin MLD is almost exclusively sensitive to wind perturbations. For both quantities, the two sources of uncertainty have limited interactions. Finally, the computations indicate that whereas local quantities can exhibit complex behavior that necessitates a large number of realizations, the modal analysis of field sensitivities can be suitably achieved with a moderate size ensemble.
C1 [Li, Guotu; Winokur, Justin; Knio, Omar M.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Iskandarani, Mohamed] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Le Henaff, Matthieu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Le Henaff, Matthieu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Le Maitre, Olivier P.] CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France.
RP Knio, OM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM omar.knio@duke.edu
RI Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011
OI Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787
FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to CARTHE; US Department of
Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing
Research [DE-SC0008789]; Office of Science of the US Department of
Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NOAA Quantitative Observing System
Assessment Program (QOSAP) [NA15OAR4320064]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic
and Meteorological Laboratory
FX This work was supported in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico
Research Initiative to CARTHE, and by the US Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research,
under Award Number DE-SC0008789. This research used resources of the
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of
Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the US
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; M. Le Henaff
received partial support for this work from the NOAA Quantitative
Observing System Assessment Program (QOSAP, grant NA15OAR4320064) and
the base funds of the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory.
NR 41
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 15
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1420-0597
EI 1573-1499
J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 20
IS 5
BP 1133
EP 1153
DI 10.1007/s10596-016-9581-4
PG 21
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA DV1KT
UT WOS:000382680700015
ER
PT J
AU Parrish, DD
Xu, J
Croes, B
Shao, M
AF Parrish, David D.
Xu, Jin
Croes, Bart
Shao, Min
TI Air quality improvement in Los Angeles-perspectives for developing
cities
SO FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Air pollution; Ozone; Particulate matter; Control technology
ID 2008 BEIJING OLYMPICS; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION; OZONE; CALIFORNIA;
SUMMERTIME; PRECURSORS; IMPACT
AB Air quality improvement in Los Angeles, California is reviewed with an emphasis on aspects that may inform air quality policy formulation in developing cities. In the mid-twentieth century the air quality in Los Angeles was degraded to an extent comparable to the worst found in developing cities today; ozone exceeded 600 ppb and annual average particulate matter < 10 mu m reached similar to 150 mu g m(-3). Today's air quality is much better due to very effective emission controls; e.g., modern automobiles emit about 1% of the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emitted by vehicles of 50 years ago. An overview is given of the emission control efforts in Los Angeles and their impact on ambient concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants; the costs and health benefits of these controls are briefly summarized. Today's developing cities have new challenges that are discussed: the effects of regional pollution transport are much greater in countries with very high population densities; often very large current populations must be supplied with goods and services even while economic development and air quality concerns are addressed; and many of currently developing cities are located in or close to the tropics where photochemical processing of pollution is expected to be more rapid than at higher latitudes. The air quality issues of Beijing are briefly compared and contrasted with those of Los Angeles, and the opportunities for co-benefits for climate and air quality improvement are pointed out. (C) Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
C1 [Parrish, David D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Parrish, David D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Xu, Jin; Croes, Bart] Calif Air Resources Board, 1001 I St,POB 2815, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
[Shao, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Parrish, DD (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
Programs; California Air Resources Board (CARB)
FX DDP acknowledges support from NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs and the California Air
Resources Board (CARB). The statements and opinions expressed in this
paper are solely the authors' and do not represent the official position
of the CARB. The mention of trade names, products, and organizations
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 28
U2 32
PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA NO 4 DEWAI DAJIE, BEIJING 100120, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 2095-2201
EI 2095-221X
J9 FRONT ENV SCI ENG
JI Front. Env. Sci. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 5
AR 11
DI 10.1007/s11783-016-0859-5
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DT4GU
UT WOS:000381439000011
ER
PT J
AU Ching, EJ
Avedisian, CT
Cavicchi, RC
Chung, DH
Rah, KJ
Carrier, MJ
AF Ching, Eric J.
Avedisian, C. Thomas
Cavicchi, Richard C.
Chung, Do Hyun
Rah, Kyupaeck J.
Carrier, Michael J.
TI Rapid evaporation at the superheat limit of methanol, ethanol, butanol
and n-heptane on platinum films supported by low-stress SiN membranes
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Homogeneous nucleation; Boiling; Superheat limit; Bubble nucleation;
Bubbles; Pulse heating
ID BUBBLE NUCLEATION TEMPERATURE; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; SURFACE; WATER;
MIXTURES; LIQUID; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; POLAR
AB The bubble nucleation temperatures of several organic liquids (methanol, ethanol, butanol, n-heptane) on stress-minimized platinum (Pt) films supported by SiN membranes is examined by pulse-heating the membranes for times ranging from 1 mu s to 10 mu s. The results show that the nucleation temperatures increase as the heating rates of the Pt films increase. Measured nucleation temperatures approach predicted superheat limits for the smallest pulse times which correspond to heating rates over 10(8) K/s, while nucleation temperatures are significantly lower for the longest pulse times. The microheater membranes were found to be robust for millions of pulse cycles, which suggests their potential in applications for moving fluids on the microscale and for more fundamental studies of phase transitions of metastable liquids. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ching, Eric J.; Avedisian, C. Thomas; Chung, Do Hyun; Rah, Kyupaeck J.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Cavicchi, Richard C.; Carrier, Michael J.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ching, Eric J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Chung, Do Hyun] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea.
[Rah, Kyupaeck J.] CALTECH, Dept Mech Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Avedisian, CT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM cta2@cornell.edu
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0017-9310
EI 1879-2189
J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN
JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 101
BP 707
EP 718
DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.04.008
PG 12
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA DS1XB
UT WOS:000380417300070
PM 28065997
ER
PT J
AU Arab, A
Davydov, AV
Papaconstantopoulos, DA
Li, Q
AF Arab, A.
Davydov, A. V.
Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.
Li, Q.
TI Monolayer MoS2 Nanoribbons as a Promising Material for Both n-type and
p-type Legs in Thermoelectric Generators
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermoelectric generation; MoS2 Nanoribbon; seebeck coefficient; ZT
ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SCATTERING
AB First-principles calculations have been performed to study the thermoelectric properties of monolayer MoS2 armchair nanoribbons (ACNRs). The electronic behavior of nanoribbons is dominated by the presence of edge states that are dependent on the number of zigzag chains across the nanoribbon. In addition, it is found that the phonon thermal conductance of monolayer MoS2 ACNRs is smaller than monolayer films due to phonon edge scattering. This effect is more pronounced in narrower nanoribbons, which leads to a higher ZT value compared to a monolayer MoS2 sheet. The effects of sulfur vacancy and edge roughness on the thermoelectric properties of MoS2 ACNRs have also been studied. We found that edge roughness decreased ZT values compared to those of perfect nanoribbons, as its impact on electrical conductance is more severe than on phonon thermal conductance. Sulfur vacancy, however, improved ZT in some subbands. It is shown that ZT values as high as 4 for electron-doped and 3 for hole-doped nanoribbons can be achieved at T = 500 K. The ability to achieve high ZT values for both p-type and n-type nanoribbons makes monolayer MoS2 ACNR a promising candidate for future solid-state thermoelectric generators.
C1 [Arab, A.; Li, Q.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Arab, A.; Davydov, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Papaconstantopoulos, D. A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Arab, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Arab, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM aarab@gmu.edu
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 27
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0361-5235
EI 1543-186X
J9 J ELECTRON MATER
JI J. Electron. Mater.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 45
IS 10
BP 5253
EP 5263
DI 10.1007/s11664-016-4725-9
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA DV0CL
UT WOS:000382585400071
ER
PT J
AU Bazzi, M
Beer, G
Bellotti, G
Berucci, C
Bragadireanu, AM
Bosnar, D
Cargnelli, M
Curceanu, C
Butt, AD
d'Uffizi, A
Fiorini, C
Ghio, F
Guaraldo, C
Hayano, RS
Iliescu, M
Ishiwatari, T
Iwasaki, M
Sandri, PL
Marton, J
Okada, S
Pietreanu, D
Piscicchia, K
Vidal, AR
Sbardella, E
Scordo, A
Shi, H
Sirghi, DL
Sirghi, F
Tatsuno, H
Doce, OV
Widmann, E
Zmeskal, J
AF Bazzi, M.
Beer, G.
Bellotti, G.
Berucci, C.
Bragadireanu, A. M.
Bosnar, D.
Cargnelli, M.
Curceanu, C.
Butt, A. D.
d'Uffizi, A.
Fiorini, C.
Ghio, F.
Guaraldo, C.
Hayano, R. S.
Iliescu, M.
Ishiwatari, T.
Iwasaki, M.
Sandri, P. Levi
Marton, J.
Okada, S.
Pietreanu, D.
Piscicchia, K.
Romero Vidal, A.
Sbardella, E.
Scordo, A.
Shi, H.
Sirghi, D. L.
Sirghi, F.
Tatsuno, H.
Doce, O. Vazquez
Widmann, E.
Zmeskal, J.
TI K-series X-ray yield measurement of kaonic hydrogen atoms in a gaseous
target
SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A
LA English
DT Article
DE Kaonic atom; Kaonic hydrogen; Atomic cascade; X-ray spectroscopy
ID VACUUM POLARIZATION; CASCADE CALCULATION; EXCITED-STATES; SCATTERING;
SIDDHARTA; DEUTERIUM
AB We measured the K-series X-rays of the K- p exotic atom in the SIDDHARTA experiment with a gaseous hydrogen target of 1.3 g/l, which is about 15 times the rho(STP) of hydrogen gas. At this density, the absolute yields of kaonic X-rays, when a negatively charged kaon stopped inside the target, were determined to be 0.012(-0.003)(+0.004) for all the K-alpha and 0.043(-0.011)(+0.012) for all the K-series transitions K-tot. These results, together with the KEK E228 experiment results, confirm for the first time a target density dependence of the yield predicted by the cascade models, and provide valuable information to refine the parameters used in the cascade models for the kaonic atoms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bazzi, M.; Berucci, C.; Bragadireanu, A. M.; Curceanu, C.; d'Uffizi, A.; Guaraldo, C.; Iliescu, M.; Sandri, P. Levi; Pietreanu, D.; Piscicchia, K.; Sbardella, E.; Scordo, A.; Shi, H.; Sirghi, D. L.; Sirghi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, CP 13,Via E Fermi 40, I-00044 Rome, Italy.
[Beer, G.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
[Bellotti, G.; Butt, A. D.; Fiorini, C.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, Piazza L da Vinci 3 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Bellotti, G.; Butt, A. D.; Fiorini, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Berucci, C.; Cargnelli, M.; Ishiwatari, T.; Marton, J.; Widmann, E.; Zmeskal, J.] Stefan Meyer Inst Subatomare Phys, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Bragadireanu, A. M.; Pietreanu, D.; Sirghi, D. L.; Sirghi, F.] Inst Natl Fiz & Ingn Nucl Horia Hulubbei, IFIN HH, Reactorului 30, Magurele, Romania.
[Bosnar, D.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bijenicka 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
[Ghio, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
[Ghio, F.] Inst Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
[Hayano, R. S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, Japan.
[Iwasaki, M.; Okada, S.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 2510198, Japan.
[Piscicchia, K.] Museo Stor Fisca & Ctr Studi & Ric Enrico Fermi, Piazza Viminale, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
[Romero Vidal, A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Casas Reais 8, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain.
[Tatsuno, H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Tatsuno, H.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Doce, O. Vazquez] Tech Univ Munich, Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
RP Shi, H (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, CP 13,Via E Fermi 40, I-00044 Rome, Italy.
EM hexishi@lnf.infn.it
RI Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014; Widmann, Eberhard/G-2545-2011; Hayano,
Ryugo/F-7889-2012; Butt, Arslan Dawood/A-4100-2017; Marton,
Johann/H-2668-2012
OI Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469; Widmann,
Eberhard/0000-0003-0486-6023; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Butt,
Arslan Dawood/0000-0002-4704-2553; Marton, Johann/0000-0001-5139-7720
FU European Community-Research Infrastructure Integrating Activity "Study
of Strongly Interacting Matter" under the Seventh Framework Programme of
EU [227431, 283286]; HadronPhysics I3 FP6 European Community program
[RII3-CT-2004-506078]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P24756-N20];
Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research BMBWK [650962/0001
VI/2/2009]; Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research [2-CeX
06-11-11/2006]; MEXT, Japan [20002003]; Croatian Science Foundation
[HRZZ 1680]
FX We thank C. Capoccia, G. Corradi, B. Dulach, and D. Tagnani from
LNF-INFN; and H. Schneider, L. Stohwasser, and D. Stuukler from
Stefan-Meyer-Institut, for their fundamental contribution in designing
and building the SIDDHARTA setup. We thank as well the DA Phi NE staff
for the excellent working conditions and permanent support. Part of this
work was supported by the European Community-Research Infrastructure
Integrating Activity "Study of Strongly Interacting Matter"
(HadronPhysics2, Grant Agreement No. 227431, and HadronPhysics3 (HP3)
Contract No. 283286) under the Seventh Framework Programme of EU;
HadronPhysics I3 FP6 European Community program, Contract No.
RII3-CT-2004-506078; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (P24756-N20); Austrian
Federal Ministry of Science and Research BMBWK 650962/0001 VI/2/2009;
Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, Contract No. 2-CeX
06-11-11/2006; the Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research
(20002003), MEXT, Japan; and the Croatian Science Foundation, under
project HRZZ 1680.
NR 29
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-9474
EI 1873-1554
J9 NUCL PHYS A
JI Nucl. Phys. A
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 954
BP 7
EP 16
DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.03.047
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA DT2SR
UT WOS:000381331200003
ER
PT J
AU Wu, H
Zhou, XQ
Rodriguez, EE
Zhou, W
Udovic, TJ
Yildirim, T
Rush, JJ
AF Wu, Hui
Zhou, Xiuquan
Rodriguez, Efrain E.
Zhou, Wei
Udovic, Terrence J.
Yildirim, Taner
Rush, John J.
TI A new family of metal borohydride guanidinate complexes: Synthesis,
structures and hydrogen-storage properties
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Borohydrides; Guanidine; Crystal structure determination; Neutron
vibrational spectroscopy; Dehydrogenation; Thermodynamics
ID LITHIUM BOROHYDRIDE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MAGNESIUM BOROHYDRIDE;
CALCIUM BOROHYDRIDE; HYDRIDE; SYSTEM; REVERSIBILITY; LIH; H-2;
MONOAMMONIATE
AB We report on a new class of complex hydrides: borohydride guanidinate complexes (MBH4 center dot nCN(3)H(5), M=Li, Mg, and Ca). They can be prepared via facile solid-state synthesis routes. Their crystal structures were successfully determined using a combination of X-ray diffraction, first-principles calculations and neutron vibrational spectroscopy. Among these compounds, Mg(BH4)(2)center dot 6CN(3)H(5) is composed of large complex Mg[CN3H5](6)(2+) cations and surrounding BH4- ions, while Ca(BH4)(2)center dot 2CN(3)H(5) possesses layers of corner-sharing Ca[BH4](4)(CN(3)Ff(5))(2) octahedra. Our dehydrogenation results show that approximate to 10 wt% hydrogen can be released from MBH4 center dot nCN(3)H(5) (M=Li, Mg, and Ca) at moderate temperatures with minimal ammonia and diborane contamination thanks to the synergistic effect of C-N bonds from guanidine and hydridic H from borohydrides leading to a weakening of the N-H bonds, thus impeding ammonia gas liberation. Further tuning the dehydrogenation with different cation species indicates that Mg (BH4)(2)center dot nCN(3)H(5) can exhibit the optimum properties with nearly thermally neutral dehydrogenation and very high purity hydrogen release. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Yildirim, Taner; Rush, John J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhou, Xiuquan; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM huiwu@nist.gov
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617
FU DOE-EERE Grant [DE-EE0002978]
FX This work was partially supported by the DOE-EERE Grant no. DE-EE0002978
(T.J.U.).
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 23
U2 34
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
EI 1095-726X
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 242
BP 186
EP 192
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.07.013
PN 1
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA DU7YD
UT WOS:000382429600025
ER
PT J
AU Andreeva, E
Bouillaguet, C
Dunkelman, O
Fouque, PA
Hoch, J
Shamir, A
Kelsey, J
Zimmer, S
AF Andreeva, Elena
Bouillaguet, Charles
Dunkelman, Orr
Fouque, Pierre-Alain
Hoch, Jonathan
Shamir, Adi
Kelsey, John
Zimmer, Sebastien
TI New Second-Preimage Attacks on Hash Functions
SO JOURNAL OF CRYPTOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cryptanalysis; Hash function; Dithering sequence; Second-preimage
attack; Herding attack; Kite Generator
ID COMPRESSION FUNCTION; COLLISION SEARCH; DESIGN PRINCIPLE; REBOUND
ATTACK; ONE-WAY; SHA-1; CRYPTANALYSIS; PREIMAGES; COMPLEXITY; GROST1
AB In this work, we present several new generic second-preimage attacks on hash functions. Our first attack is based on the herding attack and applies to various Merkle-DamgAyenrd-based iterative hash functions. Compared to the previously known long-message second-preimage attacks, our attack offers more flexibility in choosing the second-preimage message at the cost of a small computational overhead. More concretely, our attack allows the adversary to replace only a few blocks in the original target message to obtain the second preimage. As a result, our new attack is applicable to constructions previously believed to be immune to such second-preimage attacks. Among others, these include the dithered hash proposal of Rivest, Shoup's UOWHF, and the ROX constructions. In addition, we also suggest several time-memory-data tradeoff attack variants, allowing for a faster online phase, and even finding second preimages for shorter messages. We further extend our attack to sequences stronger than the ones suggested in Rivest's proposal. To this end we introduce the kite generator as a new tool to attack any dithering sequence over a small alphabet. Additionally, we analyse the second-preimage security of the basic tree hash construction. Here we also propose several second-preimage attacks and their time-memory-data tradeoff variants. Finally, we show how both our new and the previous second-preimage attacks can be applied even more efficiently when multiple short messages, rather than a single long target message, are available.
C1 [Andreeva, Elena] Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT COSIC, Dept Elect Engn, Leuven, Belgium.
[Andreeva, Elena] iMinds, Ledeberg, Belgium.
[Bouillaguet, Charles] Univ Lille 1, Lab Informat Fondamentale Lille, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
[Dunkelman, Orr] Univ Haifa, Dept Comp Sci, Haifa, Israel.
[Fouque, Pierre-Alain] Ecole Normale Super, INRIA, CNRS, Dept Informat, Paris, France.
[Fouque, Pierre-Alain] Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
[Hoch, Jonathan; Shamir, Adi] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Math & Comp Sci, Rehovot, Israel.
[Kelsey, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zimmer, Sebastien] Ecole Normale Super, Paris, France.
RP Andreeva, E (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT COSIC, Dept Elect Engn, Leuven, Belgium.; Andreeva, E (reprint author), iMinds, Ledeberg, Belgium.
EM elena.andreeva@esat.kuleuven.be; charles.bouillaguet@lifl.fr;
orrd@cs.haifa.ac.il; Pierre-Alain.Fouque@ens.fr;
Yaakov.Hoch@weizmann.ac.il; Adi.Shamir@weizmann.ac.il;
john.kelsey@nist.gov
FU Research Council KU Leuven: GOA TENSE [GOA/11/007, OT/13/071]; IAP
Program BCRYPT of the Belgian State (Belgian Science Policy) [P6/26];
European Commission through the ICT program [ICT-2007-216676 ECRYPT II];
Flemish Research Foundation (FWO-Vlaanderen); France Telecom Chair; ISF
[827/12]
FX We thank Lily Chen and Barbara Guttman for their useful comments. We
also thanks Jean-Paul Allouche, Jeffrey Shallit, and James D. Currie for
pointing out the existence of abelian square-free sequences of high
complexity. In addition, we are grateful for the anonymous reviewers for
their constructive comments and suggestions. This work has been funded
in part by the Research Council KU Leuven: GOA TENSE (GOA/11/007) and
OT/13/071, the IAP Program P6/26 BCRYPT of the Belgian State (Belgian
Science Policy), and in part by the European Commission through the ICT
program under contract ICT-2007-216676 ECRYPT II. The first author is
supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Flemish Research
Foundation (FWO-Vlaanderen). The third author was supported in part by
the France Telecom Chair and in part by ISF Grant 827/12.
NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0933-2790
EI 1432-1378
J9 J CRYPTOL
JI J. Cryptology
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 4
BP 657
EP 696
DI 10.1007/s00145-015-9206-4
PG 40
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics
GA DT0FK
UT WOS:000381158300001
ER
PT J
AU Faradzhev, NS
Hill, SB
AF Faradzhev, Nadir S.
Hill, Shannon B.
TI EUV-induced oxidation of carbon on TiO2
SO SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Extreme ultraviolet; Strong oxidizer; Carbon etching; Photo-oxidation;
Hydrogen peroxide; TiO2
ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; DEGRADATION; ULTRAVIOLET;
DEPOSITION; MOLECULES; OZONE
AB Previously we reported estimates of the maximum etch rates of C on TiO2 by oxidizers including NO, O-3 and H2O2 when irradiated by a spatially-non-uniform beam of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at 13.5 nm (Faradzhev et al., 2013 [6]). Here we extend that work by presenting temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the C etching by these oxidizers as a function of EUV intensity in the range (0.3 to 3) mW/mm(2) [(0.2 to 2) x 10 [16] photons s(-1) cm(-2)]. We find that the rates for NO scale linearly with intensity and are smaller than those for O-3, which exhibit a weak, sub-linear intensity dependence in this range. We-demonstrate that these behaviors are consistent with adsorption of the oxidizing precursor on the C surface followed by a photon-stimulated reaction resulting in volatile C-containing products. The kinetics of photon-induced C etching by hydrogen peroxide, however, appear to be more complex. The spatially resolved measurements reveal that C removal by H2O2 begins at the edges of the C spot, where the light intensity is the lowest, and proceeds toward the center of the spot. This localization of the reaction may occur because hydroxyl radicals are produced efficiently on the catalytically active TiO2 surface. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Faradzhev, Nadir S.; Hill, Shannon B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Faradzhev, Nadir S.] KLA Tencor, 3 Technol Dr, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA.
RP Hill, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nadir.faradzhev@kla-tencor.com; shannon.hill@nist.gov
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-6028
EI 1879-2758
J9 SURF SCI
JI Surf. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 652
SI SI
BP 200
EP 205
DI 10.1016/j.susc.2016.03.025
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA DS2LJ
UT WOS:000380600700028
PM 27458322
ER
PT J
AU Smidt, SJ
Haacker, EMK
Kendall, AD
Deines, JM
Pei, LS
Cotterman, KA
Li, HY
Liu, X
Basso, B
Hyndman, DW
AF Smidt, Samuel J.
Haacker, Erin M. K.
Kendall, Anthony D.
Deines, Jillian M.
Pei, Lisi
Cotterman, Kayla A.
Li, Haoyang
Liu, Xiao
Basso, Bruno
Hyndman, David W.
TI Complex water management in modern agriculture: Trends in the
water-energy-food nexus over the High Plains Aquifer
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE High Plains Aquifer; Water management; Irrigation; Agriculture;
Economics; Policy
ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; TEXAS HIGH-PLAINS; LOW-LEVEL JET; PLAYA-LAKE
BASINS; LAND-COVER CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; IRRIGATION
WATER; USE EFFICIENCY; NEW-MEXICO
AB In modern agriculture, the interplay between complex physical, agricultural, and socioeconomic water use drivers must be fully understood to successfully manage water supplies on extended timescales. This is particularly evident across large portions of the High Plains Aquifer where groundwater levels have declined at unsustainable rates despite improvements in both the efficiency of water use and water productivity in agricultural practices. Improved technology and land use practices have not mitigated groundwater level declines, thus water management strategies must adapt accordingly or risk further resource loss. In this study, we analyze the water-energy-food nexus over the High Plains Aquifer as a framework to isolate the major drivers that have shaped the history, and will direct the future, of water use in modern agriculture. Based on this analysis, we conclude that future water management strategies can benefit from: (1) prioritizing farmer profit to encourage decision-making that aligns with strategic objectives, (2) management of water as both an input into the water-energy-food nexus and a key incentive for farmers, (3) adaptive frameworks that allow for short-term objectives within long-term goals, (4) innovative strategies that fit within restrictive political frameworks, (5) reduced production risks to aid farmer decision-making, and (6) increasing the political desire to conserve valuable water resources. This research sets the foundation to address water management as a function of complex decision-making trends linked to the water-energy-food nexus. Water management strategy recommendations are made based on the objective of balancing farmer profit and conserving water resources to ensure future agricultural production. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Smidt, Samuel J.; Haacker, Erin M. K.; Kendall, Anthony D.; Deines, Jillian M.; Cotterman, Kayla A.; Liu, Xiao; Basso, Bruno; Hyndman, David W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Deines, Jillian M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Pei, Lisi] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Pei, Lisi] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Li, Haoyang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Econ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Smidt, SJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM smidtsam@msu.edu
RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010;
OI Cotterman, Kayla/0000-0002-4096-2277
FU National Science Foundation [1039180]; USDA NIFA Water CAP grant
[2015-68007-23133]; NASA Headquarters under NASA Earth and Space Science
Fellowship Program grant [14-EARTH14F-198]
FX This manuscript is based upon work primarily supported by the National
Science Foundation grant 1039180 with supplemental support by the USDA
NIFA Water CAP grant 2015-68007-23133 and NASA Headquarters under the
NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant 14-EARTH14F-198.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the National Science Foundation, USDA National Institute of
Food and Agriculture, or National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 136
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 52
U2 81
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD OCT 1
PY 2016
VL 566
BP 988
EP 1001
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.127
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DS8VK
UT WOS:000381060900094
PM 27344509
ER
PT J
AU Stemle, A
Uchida, H
Roheim, CA
AF Stemle, Adam
Uchida, Hirotsugu
Roheim, Cathy A.
TI Have dockside prices improved after MSC certification? analysis of
multiple fisheries
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Difference in difference; Dockside prices; Fisheries certification;
Marine stewardship council; Sustainable seafood
ID ECOLABELED SEAFOOD; CONSUMER PREFERENCES; UK SUPERMARKETS; LABELS;
SUSTAINABILITY; ATTRIBUTES; MARKET; INFORMATION; PRODUCTS; PREMIUM
AB A number of studies have investigated consumers' payment of a price premium for ecolabeled seafood from sustainability-certified fisheries, however studies of price premiums for certified fish at the dockside (ex-vessel) level remain scarce. This paper examines the effect of Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification on ex-vessel prices from three different fisheries: salmon and halibut in Alaska, and flathead flounder in Kyoto, Japan. A difference-in-difference approach (DiD) is used to estimate whether the relationship between ex-vessel prices of MSC-certified fisheries and market-competing non-certified fisheries have statistically changed after certification. Mixed results show that after certification significant increases occurred in the differences between ex-vessel prices for certified chum and pink salmon and flathead flounder relative to their uncertified counterparts, while the price difference declined between certified and uncertified sockeye salmon experienced significant negative effects. No significant effects were found for chinook and coho salmon and halibut. Results may be attributable to MSC certification or other unobservable variables influencing the certified fishery relative to the uncertified fishery. This paper adds to the literature on market and environmental effects of fisheries certification, which in aggregate continues to show ambiguous results across a landscape of fisheries globally. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stemle, Adam] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Uchida, Hirotsugu] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, 1 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
[Roheim, Cathy A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, 875 Perimeter Dr,MS 2334, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
RP Uchida, H (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Econ, 1 Greenhouse Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
EM adam.stemle@noaa.gov; huchida@uri.edu; croheim@uidaho.edu
FU Rhode Island Sea Grant College Program [NA10OAR4170076]; Rhode Island
Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) [5430]
FX This research was funded by the Rhode Island Sea Grant College Program,
Award Number NA10OAR4170076, and Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment
Station (AES #5430). We would like to thank Dr. Gunnar Knapp, Professor
and Director of the University of Alaska Anchorage Institute of Social
and Economic Research, and Dr. Hiroki Wakamatsu of the National Research
Institute of Fisheries Science in Japan, for helping us acquiring the
data for Alaska salmon and Kyoto flounder, respectively. The authors
also thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions to
improve the manuscript, Jeremy Collie for helpful comments on an earlier
draft, and the participants of workshop in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho in
November 2014. Any errors are the sole responsibility of the authors.
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 182
SI SI
BP 116
EP 123
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2015.07.022
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DQ9VJ
UT WOS:000379557100012
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CM
Hoffmayer, ER
Gropp, RP
AF Jones, Christian M.
Hoffmayer, Eric R.
Gropp, Robin P.
TI First record of a leucistic Narcine bancrofti (Elasmobranchii,
Narcinidae) from the northern Gulf of Mexico
SO CYBIUM
LA English
DT Article
DE Narcinidae; Narcine bancrofti; Gulf of Mexico; Leucism; First record
ID ALBINISM; SHARK
C1 [Jones, Christian M.; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Gropp, Robin P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
RP Jones, CM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
EM christian.jones@noaa.gov; eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov; robin.gropp@noaa.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SOC FRANCAISE D ICHTYOLOGIE
PI PARIS
PA MUSEUM NATL D HISTOIRE NATURELLE, 43 RUE CUVIER, 75231 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 0399-0974
J9 CYBIUM
JI Cybium
PD SEP 30
PY 2016
VL 40
IS 3
BP 249
EP 251
PG 3
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA EA3YA
UT WOS:000386544000009
ER
PT J
AU Sweetman, A
Stirling, J
Jarvis, SP
Rahe, P
Moriarty, P
AF Sweetman, Adam
Stirling, Julian
Jarvis, Samuel Paul
Rahe, Philipp
Moriarty, Philip
TI Measuring the reactivity of a silicon-terminated probe
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SURFACE;
RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULE; SI(111)
AB It is generally accepted that the exposed surfaces of silicon crystals are highly reactive due to the dangling bonds which protrude into the vacuum. However, surface reconstruction not only modifies the reactivity of bulk silicon crystals, but also plays a key role in determining the properties of silicon nanocrystals. In this study we probe the reactivity of silicon clusters at the end of a scanning probe tip by examining their interaction with closed-shell fullerene molecules. Counter to intuitive expectations, many silicon clusters do not react strongly with the fullerene cage, and we find that only specific highly oriented clusters have sufficient reactivity to break open the existing carbon-carbon bonds.
C1 [Sweetman, Adam; Jarvis, Samuel Paul; Rahe, Philipp; Moriarty, Philip] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
[Stirling, Julian] NIST, Mass & Force Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sweetman, A (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
EM adam.sweetman@nottingham.ac.uk
RI Rahe, Philipp/E-8038-2011;
OI Rahe, Philipp/0000-0002-2768-8381; Jarvis, Samuel/0000-0003-4031-1519
FU Leverhulme Trust [ECF-2013-525, EP/G007837/1, F00/114 BI, ECF-2015-005];
European Union under Research Executive Agency (REA) [628439]
FX A.S. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust via
Fellowship No. ECF-2013-525. P.J.M. thanks the Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council and the Leverhulme Trust, respectively, for
Grants No. EP/G007837/1 and No. F00/114 BI. P.R. received funding from
the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's
Seventh Framework Programme (Grant No. FP7/2007-2013) under Research
Executive Agency (REA) Grant No. 628439. S.P.J. thanks the Leverhulme
Trust for support via Fellowship No. ECF-2015-005.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 30
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 11
AR 115440
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.115440
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DY4CW
UT WOS:000385047600006
ER
PT J
AU Khaykin, SM
Pommereau, JP
Riviere, ED
Held, G
Ploeger, F
Ghysels, M
Amarouche, N
Vernier, JP
Wienhold, FG
Ionov, D
AF Khaykin, Sergey M.
Pommereau, Jean-Pierre
Riviere, Emmanuel D.
Held, Gerhard
Ploeger, Felix
Ghysels, Melanie
Amarouche, Nadir
Vernier, Jean-Paul
Wienhold, Frank G.
Ionov, Dmitry
TI Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern
Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon
observations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL LAGRANGIAN MODEL; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE;
LAND CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC APPLICATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC AIR; CIRRUS
CLOUDS; VAPOR BUDGET; DEHYDRATION; IMPACT
AB High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model.
Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3 degrees S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed.
A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20 degrees S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru.
The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
C1 [Khaykin, Sergey M.; Pommereau, Jean-Pierre] Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France.
[Riviere, Emmanuel D.; Ghysels, Melanie] Univ Reims, GSMA, Reims, France.
[Riviere, Emmanuel D.; Ghysels, Melanie] CNRS, Reims, France.
[Held, Gerhard] UNESP, Inst Pesquisas Meteorol IPMet, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
[Ploeger, Felix] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 7, Julich, Germany.
[Amarouche, Nadir] CNRS, Div Tech INSU, Meudon, France.
[Vernier, Jean-Paul] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Vernier, Jean-Paul] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Wienhold, Frank G.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Ionov, Dmitry] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Ghysels, Melanie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Khaykin, SM (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France.
EM sergey.khaykin@latmos.ipsl.fr
RI Ploeger, Felix/A-1393-2013
FU French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2010-BLAN-609-01];
ARISE2 project [653980]
FX This work and the TRO-pico project
(http://www.univ-reims.eu/minisite_134/tro-pico/homepage-presentation-of
-the-project, 12171,21885.html) were supported by the French Agence
Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under contract ANR-2010-BLAN-609-01 and
H2020 ARISE2 project (ref. 653980, http://arise-project.eu/). We express
our sincere gratitude to the personnel of IPMet for providing an
infrastructure and manpower, especially for their invaluable help with
the balloon operation during the campaign. We also thank three anonymous
reviewers for useful remarks that helped to improve the article.
NR 54
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 29
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 18
BP 12273
EP 12286
DI 10.5194/acp-16-12273-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY8RD
UT WOS:000385396900004
ER
PT J
AU Schiferl, LD
Heald, CL
Van Damme, M
Clarisse, L
Clerbaux, C
Coheur, PF
Nowak, JB
Neuman, JA
Herndon, SC
Roscioli, JR
Eilerman, SJ
AF Schiferl, Luke D.
Heald, Colette L.
Van Damme, Martin
Clarisse, Lieven
Clerbaux, Cathy
Coheur, Pierre-Francois
Nowak, John B.
Neuman, J. Andrew
Herndon, Scott C.
Roscioli, Joseph R.
Eilerman, Scott J.
TI Interannual variability of ammonia concentrations over the United
States: sources and implications
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IASI SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; PARTICULATE MATTER;
REACTIVE NITROGEN; TROPOSPHERIC AMMONIA; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS;
MODEL; DEPOSITION; NITRATE
AB The variability of atmospheric ammonia (NH3), emitted largely from agricultural sources, is an important factor when considering how inorganic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and nitrogen cycling are changing over the United States. This study combines new observations of ammonia concentration from the surface, aboard aircraft, and retrieved by satellite to both evaluate the simulation of ammonia in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and identify which processes control the variability of these concentrations over a 5-year period (2008-2012). We find that the model generally underrepresents the ammonia concentration near large source regions (by 26% at surface sites) and fails to reproduce the extent of interannual variability observed at the surface during the summer (JJA). Variability in the base simulation surface ammonia concentration is dominated by meteorology (64 %) as compared to reductions in SO2 and NO x emissions imposed by regulation (32 %) over this period. Introduction of year-to-year varying ammonia emissions based on animal population, fertilizer application, and meteorologically driven volatilization does not substantially improve the model comparison with observed ammonia concentrations, and these ammonia emissions changes have little effect on the simulated ammonia concentration variability compared to those caused by the variability of meteorology and acid-precursor emissions. There is also little effect on the PM2.5 concentration due to ammonia emissions variability in the summer when gas-phase changes are favored, but variability in wintertime emissions, as well as in early spring and late fall, will have a larger impact on PM2.5 formation. This work highlights the need for continued improvement in both satellite-based and in situ ammonia measurements to better constrain the magnitude and impacts of spatial and temporal variability in ammonia concentrations.
C1 [Schiferl, Luke D.; Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Van Damme, Martin; Clarisse, Lieven; Clerbaux, Cathy; Coheur, Pierre-Francois] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Spect Atmosphere Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium.
[Clerbaux, Cathy] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, UVSQ, CNRS,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France.
[Nowak, John B.; Herndon, Scott C.; Roscioli, Joseph R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA.
[Neuman, J. Andrew; Eilerman, Scott J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Neuman, J. Andrew; Eilerman, Scott J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Schiferl, LD (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM schiferl@mit.edu
RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807
FU NOAA [NA12OAR4310064]; CNES
FX This work was supported by NOAA (NA12OAR4310064). We thank D. Ridley for
assistance with surface site weighted sampling and gridding county-level
data, F. Paulot for guidance with emissions scaling, S. McKeen for
NEI-2005 emissions sectors, A. van Donkelaar for NEI-2005 emissions
gridding, J. Mao for implementation of FINN in GEOS-Chem, and the
GEOS-Chem support staff and community for model documentation and issue
resolution. IASI is a joint mission of EUMETSAT and the Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). C. Clerbaux is grateful to CNES for
financial support. L. Clarisse is a research associate with the Belgian
F.R.S.-FNRS.
NR 75
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 18
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 29
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 18
BP 12305
EP 12328
DI 10.5194/acp-16-12305-2016
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY8RD
UT WOS:000385396900006
ER
PT J
AU Creamean, JM
Neiman, PJ
Coleman, T
Senff, CJ
Kirgis, G
Alvarez, RJ
Yamamoto, A
AF Creamean, Jessie M.
Neiman, Paul J.
Coleman, Timothy
Senff, Christoph J.
Kirgis, Guillaume
Alvarez, Raul J.
Yamamoto, Atsushi
TI Colorado air quality impacted by long-range-transported aerosol: a set
of case studies during the 2015 Pacific Northwest fires
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FIRES;
CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; AMAZON BASIN;
EMISSIONS; PARTICLES; SMOKE
AB Biomass burning plumes containing aerosols from forest fires can be transported long distances, which can ultimately impact climate and air quality in regions far from the source. Interestingly, these fires can inject aerosols other than smoke into the atmosphere, which very few studies have evidenced. Here, we demonstrate a set of case studies of long-range transport of mineral dust aerosols in addition to smoke from numerous fires (including predominantly forest fires and a few grass/shrub fires) in the Pacific Northwest to Colorado, US. These aerosols were detected in Boulder, Colorado, along the Front Range using beta-ray attenuation and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and corroborated with satellite-borne lidar observations of smoke and dust. Further, we examined the transport pathways of these aerosols using air mass trajectory analysis and regional- and synoptic-scale meteorological dynamics. Three separate events with poor air quality and increased mass concentrations of metals from biomass burning (S and K) and minerals (Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ti) occurred due to the introduction of smoke and dust from regional-and synoptic-scale winds. Cleaner time periods with good air quality and lesser concentrations of biomass burning and mineral metals between the haze events were due to the advection of smoke and dust away from the region. Dust and smoke present in biomass burning haze can have diverse impacts on visibility, health, cloud formation, and surface radiation. Thus, it is important to understand how aerosol populations can be influenced by long-range-transported aerosols, particularly those emitted from large source contributors such as wildfires.
C1 [Creamean, Jessie M.; Coleman, Timothy; Senff, Christoph J.; Kirgis, Guillaume] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Creamean, Jessie M.; Neiman, Paul J.; Coleman, Timothy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Senff, Christoph J.; Kirgis, Guillaume; Alvarez, Raul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Yamamoto, Atsushi] HORIBA Instruments Inc, Proc & Environm, Irvine, CA 92618 USA.
RP Creamean, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Creamean, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jessie.creamean@noaa.gov
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
NR 71
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 13
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 29
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 18
BP 12329
EP 12345
DI 10.5194/acp-16-12329-2016
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY8RD
UT WOS:000385396900007
ER
PT J
AU Miller, MW
Kerr, K
Williams, DE
AF Miller, Margaret W.
Kerr, Katryna
Williams, Dana E.
TI Reef -scale trends in Florida Acropora spp. abundance and the effects of
population enhancement
SO PEERJ
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral nursery; Bleaching; Spatial analysis; Outplanting; Coral
restoration; Florida Keys
ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; CORAL-REEFS; STAGHORN CORAL; CERVICORNIS; KEYS;
PROPAGATION; RESTORATION; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; PALMATA
AB Since the listing of Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis under the US Endangered Species Act in 2006, increasing investments have been made in propagation of listed corals (primarily A. cervicornis, A. palmata to a much lesser extent) in offshore coral nurseries and outplanting cultured fragments to reef habitats. This investment is superimposed over a spatiotemporal patchwork of ongoing disturbances (especially storms, thermal bleaching, and disease) as well as the potential for natural population recovery. In 2014 and 2015, we repeated broad scale (>50 ha), low precision Acropora spp. censuses (i.e., direct observation by snorkelers documented via handheld GPS) originally conducted in appropriate reef habitats during 2005-2007 to evaluate the trajectory of local populations and the effect of population enhancement. Over the decade-long study, A. palmata showed a cumulative proportional decline of 0.4 0.7x in colony density across all sites, despite very low levels of outplanting at some sites. A. cervicornis showed similar proportional declines at sites without outplanting. In contrast, sites that received A. cervicornis outplants showed a dramatic increase in density (over 13x) change in A.cervicornis colony density was significantly 13x). Indeed, positively correlated with cumulative numbers of outplants across sites. This study documents a substantive reef-scale benefit of Acropora spp. population enhancement in the Florida Keys, when performed at adequate levels, against a backdrop of ongoing population decline.
C1 [Miller, Margaret W.; Williams, Dana E.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
[Kerr, Katryna; Williams, Dana E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
FX This study was funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 15
U2 15
PU PEERJ INC
PI LONDON
PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND
SN 2167-8359
J9 PEERJ
JI PeerJ
PD SEP 29
PY 2016
VL 4
AR e2523
DI 10.7717/peerj.2523
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DZ1BB
UT WOS:000385572500003
PM 27703862
ER
PT J
AU Tang, WS
Dimitrievska, M
Chotard, JN
Zhou, W
Janot, R
Skripov, AV
Udovic, TJ
AF Tang, Wan Si
Dimitrievska, Mirjana
Chotard, Jean-Noel
Zhou, Wei
Janot, Raphael
Skripov, Alexander V.
Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Structural and Dynamical Trends in Alkali-Metal Silanides Characterized
by Neutron-Scattering Methods
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POTASSIUM SILYL; TETRAHYDROBORATE ANIONS;
SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; PHASE; KSIH3; RB; VISUALIZATION; SPECTROMETER;
REFINEMENT
AB Structural, vibrational, and dynamical properties of the mono- and mixed-alkali silanides (MSiH3, where M = K, Rb, Cs, Ki(0.5)Rb(0.5), and Rb0.5Cs0.5) were investigated by various neutron experiments, including neutron powder diffraction (NPD), neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS), neutron scattering fixed -window scans (FWSs), and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements. Structural characterization showed that the mixed compounds exhibit disordered (cc) and ordered (beta) phases for temperatures above and below about 200250 K, respectively, in agreement with their monoalkali correspondents. Vibrational and dynamical properties are strongly influenced by the cation environment; in particular, there is a red shift in the band energies of the librational and bending modes with increasing lattice size as a result of changes in the bond lengths and force constants. Additionally, slightly broader spectral features are observed in the case of the mixed compounds, indicating the presence of structural disorder caused by the random distribution of the alkali-metal cations within the lattice. FWS measurements upon heating showed that there is a large increase in reorientational mobility as the systems go through the order disorder (beta-alpha) phase transition, and measurements upon cooling of the alpha-phase revealed the known strong hysteresis for reversion back to the beta-phase. Interestingly, at a given temperature, among the different alkali silanide compounds, the relative reorientational mobilities of the SiH3- anions in the alpha- and, beta-phases tended to decrease and increase, respectively, with increasing alkali -metal mass. This dynamical result might provide some insights concerning the enthalpy entropy compensation effect previously observed for these potentially promising hydrogen storage materials.
C1 [Tang, Wan Si; Dimitrievska, Mirjana; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tang, Wan Si] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Dimitrievska, Mirjana] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Chotard, Jean-Noel; Janot, Raphael] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314, LRCS, 33 Rue St Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France.
[Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia.
RP Tang, WS; Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Tang, WS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM wansi.tang@nist.gov; mirjana.dimitrievska@nist.gov
RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013;
OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538;
Chotard, Jean-Noel/0000-0002-9867-7954
FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office
[DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX This work was partially supported by the DOE EERE under Grant No.
DE-EE0002978 and utilized facilities supported in part by the National
Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. M. D. gratefully
acknowledges research support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies
Office, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308.
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD SEP 29
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 38
BP 21218
EP 21227
DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06591
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DX8GT
UT WOS:000384626800009
ER
PT J
AU Christiansen, F
Putman, NF
Farman, R
Parker, DM
Rice, MR
Polovina, JJ
Balazs, GH
Hays, GC
AF Christiansen, F.
Putman, N. F.
Farman, R.
Parker, D. M.
Rice, M. R.
Polovina, J. J.
Balazs, G. H.
Hays, G. C.
TI Spatial variation in directional swimming enables juvenile sea turtles
to reach and remain in productive waters
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Animal tracking; Caretta caretta; HYCOM; Lagrangian drifters; Movement
ecology; Ocean currents
ID MAGNETIC NAVIGATION BEHAVIOR; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; CARETTA-CARETTA;
MARINE TURTLES; TRANSOCEANIC MIGRATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
CIRCULATION MODEL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MAP; TRAJECTORIES
AB Ocean currents play an important role in the movement and distribution of organisms and for small animals it is often assumed that their movements in the ocean are determined by passive drift. Here we challenge this assumption by conducting an experiment at the scale of an entire ocean basin to test whether small (similar to 35 cm) juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta move independently of ocean currents. By comparing the trajectories of 46 satellite tracked turtles (11502 positions, 12850 tracking days) with Lagrangian drifters (3716303 positions, 927529 tracking days) and virtual particles tracked within the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), we found that in certain areas turtles moved in a similar manner to ocean currents, but in other areas turtle movement was markedly different from ocean currents, with turtles moving to areas thousands of kilometres from where they would have drifted passively. We further found that turtles were distributed in more-productive areas than would be expected if their movement depended on passive transport only. These findings demonstrate that regional variation in directional swimming contributes to young sea turtles reaching more favourable developmental habitats and supports laboratory work suggesting that young turtles have a map sense to determine their location in a seemingly featureless ocean.
C1 [Christiansen, F.; Hays, G. C.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Geelong Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool Campus, Geelong, Vic 3280, Australia.
[Christiansen, F.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Cetacean Res Unit, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
[Putman, N. F.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Putman, N. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Farman, R.] Aquarium Lagons, BP 8185, Noumea 98807, New Caledonia.
[Parker, D. M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 2032 SE Oregon State Univ Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Rice, M. R.] Hawaii Preparatory Acad, 65-1692 Kohala Mt Rd, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA.
[Polovina, J. J.; Balazs, G. H.] NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Christiansen, F (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Geelong Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool Campus, Geelong, Vic 3280, Australia.; Christiansen, F (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Cetacean Res Unit, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
EM f.christiansen@murdoch.edu.au
RI Putman, Nathan/A-9723-2017
OI Putman, Nathan/0000-0001-8485-7455
FU Pacific Islands Regional Office, NMFS, NOAA; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic
& Meteorological Laboratory
FX We thank E. van Sebille and D. R. Kobayashi for helpful discussions
during analyses. We thank L. Jim and the students from the Hawaii
Preparatory Academy for help in the field. We thank K. Frutchey and R.
Clarke of the Pacific Islands Regional Office, NMFS, NOAA for providing
funding. Support for N.F.P. was provided by the NOAA Atlantic
Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory. The animals used in this
study were raised in captivity under permits from the New Caledonia
government for the conduction of this experiment (permit
3189-2010/ARR/DENV issued 31 December 2010). All applicable government
rules for proper sea turtle care and humane treatment were followed (no
animals were sacrificed). We thank C. J. Limpus and 2 anonymous
reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped to improve this
manuscript. G.C.H. and F.C. formulated this study. G.H.B. conceived the
turtle tracking project and coordinated the fieldwork, M.R.R.
coordinated and performed the field work and D.M.P. assembled the turtle
tracking data. F.C., N.F.P. and G.C.H. led the data analysis and
writing. Other authors contributed to manuscript drafts.
NR 54
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 6
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 557
BP 247
EP 259
DI 10.3354/meps11874
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA EB1LR
UT WOS:000387114000018
ER
PT J
AU Love, JJ
Pulkkinen, A
Bedrosian, PA
Jonas, S
Kelbert, A
Rigler, EJ
Finn, CA
Balch, CC
Rutledge, R
Waggel, RM
Sabata, AT
Kozyra, JU
Black, CE
AF Love, Jeffrey J.
Pulkkinen, Antti
Bedrosian, Paul A.
Jonas, Seth
Kelbert, Anna
Rigler, E. Joshua
Finn, Carol A.
Balch, Christopher C.
Rutledge, Robert
Waggel, Richard M.
Sabata, Andrew T.
Kozyra, Janet U.
Black, Carrie E.
TI Geoelectric hazard maps for the continental United States
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GEOMAGNETICALLY INDUCED CURRENTS; USARRAY MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA;
ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; EARTH; SYSTEM; NETWORK; FIELDS; SPACE; STORM
AB In support of a multiagency project for assessing induction hazards, we present maps of extreme-value geoelectric amplitudes over about half of the continental United States. These maps are constructed using a parameterization of induction: estimates of Earth surface impedance, obtained at discrete geographic sites from magnetotelluric survey data, are convolved with latitude-dependent statistical maps of extreme-value geomagnetic activity, obtained from decades of magnetic observatory data. Geoelectric amplitudes are estimated for geomagnetic waveforms having 240 s sinusoidal period and amplitudes over 10 min that exceed a once-per-century threshold. As a result of the combination of geographic differences in geomagnetic activity and Earth surface impedance, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes span more than 2 orders of magnitude and are an intricate function of location. For north-south induction, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes across large parts of the United States have a median value of 0.26 V/km; for east-west geomagnetic variation the median value is 0.23 V/km. At some locations, once-per-century geoelectric amplitudes exceed 3 V/km.
C1 [Love, Jeffrey J.; Kelbert, Anna; Rigler, E. Joshua; Finn, Carol A.] US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Pulkkinen, Antti] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Bedrosian, Paul A.] US Geol Survey, Crustal Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Jonas, Seth] Inst Def Anal, Sci & Technol Policy Inst, Washington, DC USA.
[Balch, Christopher C.; Rutledge, Robert] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Waggel, Richard M.] Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Off Energy Infrastruct Secur, Washington, DC USA.
[Sabata, Andrew T.] Fed Emergency Management Assoc, Denton, TX USA.
[Kozyra, Janet U.; Black, Carrie E.] Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA.
RP Love, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM jlove@usgs.gov
OI Kelbert, Anna/0000-0003-4395-398X
FU operation of magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET for promoting high
standards of observatory practice
FX We thank J. Campanya, A.D. Chave, J. McCarthy, R. Sharma, J.L. Slate, A.
Veeramany, and J.R. Woodroffe for reviewing a draft manuscript. We thank
E.E. Bernabeu, W.S. Leith, and W. Murtagh for their useful
conversations. Magnetic observatory data were obtained from either the
Kyoto or Edinburgh World Data Centers or from INTERMAGNET. We thank the
national institutes that support the operation of magnetic observatories
and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of observatory practice
(www.intermagnet.org). Geoelectric data can be obtained from the Kakioka
Magnetic Observatory. EarthScope impedance tensors can be obtained from
the Data Management Center of the Incorporated Research Institutions for
Seismology (ds.iris.edu/ds/products/emtf). Views expressed in this paper
do not necessarily represent those of FERC.
NR 61
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 18
BP 9415
EP 9424
DI 10.1002/2016GL070469
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8PS
UT WOS:000385392900008
ER
PT J
AU Pan, M
Cai, XT
Chaney, NW
Entekhabi, D
Wood, EF
AF Pan, Ming
Cai, Xitian
Chaney, Nathaniel W.
Entekhabi, Dara
Wood, Eric F.
TI An initial assessment of SMAP soil moisture retrievals using
high-resolution model simulations and in situ observations
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM NLDAS; MICROWAVE EMISSION; ERS SCATTEROMETER;
PARAMETERIZATION
AB At the end of its first year of operation, we compare soil moisture retrievals from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission to simulations from a land surface model with meteorological forcing downscaled from observations/reanalysis and in situ observations from sparse monitoring networks within continental United States (CONUS). The radar failure limits the duration of comparisons for the active and combined products (similar to 3 months). Nevertheless, the passive product compares very well against in situ observations over CONUS. On average, SMAP compares to the in situ data even better than the land surface model and provides significant added value on top of the model and thus good potential for data assimilation. At large scale, SMAP is in good agreement with the model in most of CONUS with less-than-expected degradation over mountainous areas. Lower correlation between SMAP and the model is seen in the forested east CONUS and significantly lower over the Canadian boreal forests.
C1 [Pan, Ming; Cai, Xitian; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Chaney, Nathaniel W.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Pan, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM mpan@princeton.edu
OI Cai, Xitian/0000-0002-4798-4954
FU NASA [NNX14AH92G, NNX13AI44G]
FX The research was supported by the NASA grant NNX14AH92G "Soil Moisture
Cal/Val Activities as a SMAP Mission Science Team Member" and NASA grant
NNX13AI44G "Developing a statistical-physical integrated approach for
downscaling hydrologic information from GCM." This study analyzes only
existing data, and no new data is created. All data used this paper are
properly cited and referred to in the reference list.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 15
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 18
BP 9662
EP 9668
DI 10.1002/2016GL069964
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8PS
UT WOS:000385392900038
ER
PT J
AU Sulman, BN
Roman, DT
Yi, K
Wang, LX
Phillips, RP
Novick, KA
AF Sulman, Benjamin N.
Roman, D. Tyler
Yi, Koong
Wang, Lixin
Phillips, Richard P.
Novick, Kimberly A.
TI High atmospheric demand for water can limit forest carbon uptake and
transpiration as severely as dry soil
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; PRECIPITATION
MANIPULATION EXPERIMENTS; REGIONAL DIE-OFF; LAND-USE CHANGE;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SAP FLOW; STOMATAL RESPONSES; TEMPERATE
FOREST
AB When stressed by low soil water content (SWC) or high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), plants close stomata, reducing transpiration and photosynthesis. However, it has historically been difficult to disentangle the magnitudes of VPD compared to SWC limitations on ecosystem-scale fluxes. We used a 13 year record of eddy covariance measurements from a forest in south central Indiana, USA, to quantify how transpiration and photosynthesis respond to fluctuations in VPD versus SWC. High VPD and low SWC both explained reductions in photosynthesis relative to its long-term mean, as well as reductions in transpiration relative to potential transpiration estimated with the Penman-Monteith equation. Flux responses to typical fluctuations in SWC and VPD had similar magnitudes. Integrated over the year, VPD fluctuations accounted for significant reductions of GPP in both nondrought and drought years. Our results suggest that increasing VPD under climatic warming could reduce forest CO2 uptake regardless of changes in SWC.
C1 [Sulman, Benjamin N.; Roman, D. Tyler; Yi, Koong; Novick, Kimberly A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Sulman, Benjamin N.; Phillips, Richard P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Sulman, Benjamin N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Roman, D. Tyler] US Forest Serv, USDA, Northern Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA.
[Wang, Lixin] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
RP Sulman, BN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.; Sulman, BN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.; Sulman, BN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM bsulman@princeton.edu
FU Ameriflux Management Project from U.S. Department of Energy; Indiana
University Collaborative Research Grant Program; Indiana University
Research and Teaching Preserve; NOAA/GFDL-Princeton University
Cooperative Institute for Climate Science
FX Special thanks to E. R. Brzostek, S. Scott, A.F. Rahman, D. Dragoni, H.
P. Schmid, and S. Grimmond for contributions to the long-term data
record at the site. This work benefitted from funding by the Ameriflux
Management Project (managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
with support from the U.S. Department of Energy) and the Indiana
University Collaborative Research Grant Program. Additional computing
support was provided by the Indiana University Geography Department, and
material support was provided by the Indiana University Research and
Teaching Preserve. B. Sulman was supported by NOAA/GFDL-Princeton
University Cooperative Institute for Climate Science. Thanks to the two
anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. EC and meteorological
data are archived in the Ameriflux database (http://ameriflux.ornl.gov/,
site code "US-MMS"). Sap flow and leaf gas exchange data are included in
SI.
NR 62
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 14
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 18
BP 9686
EP 9695
DI 10.1002/2016GL069416
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8PS
UT WOS:000385392900041
ER
PT J
AU Coggon, MM
Veres, PR
Yuan, B
Koss, A
Warneke, C
Gilman, JB
Lerner, BM
Peischl, J
Aikin, KC
Stockwell, CE
Hatch, LE
Ryerson, TB
Roberts, JM
Yokelson, RJ
de Gouw, JA
AF Coggon, Matthew M.
Veres, Patrick R.
Yuan, Bin
Koss, Abigail
Warneke, Carsten
Gilman, Jessica B.
Lerner, Brian M.
Peischl, Jeff
Aikin, Kenneth C.
Stockwell, Chelsea E.
Hatch, Lindsay E.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Roberts, James M.
Yokelson, Robert J.
de Gouw, Joost A.
TI Emissions of nitrogen-containing organic compounds from the burning of
herbaceous and arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the
variability of commonly used nitrile tracers
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; GAS
EMISSIONS; CROP RESIDUE; PYROLYSIS; RESOLUTION; ATMOSPHERE; FIRES; PEAT
AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from residential wood and crop residue burning were measured in Colorado, U.S. When compared to the emissions from crop burning, residential wood burning exhibited markedly lower concentrations of acetonitrile, a commonly used biomass burning tracer. For both herbaceous and arboraceous fuels, the emissions of nitrogen-containing VOCs (NVOCs) strongly depend on the fuel nitrogen content; therefore, low NVOC emissions from residential wood burning result from the combustion of low-nitrogen fuel. Consequently, the emissions of compounds hazardous to human health, such as HNCO and HCN, and the formation of secondary pollutants, such as ozone generated by NOx, are likely to depend on fuel nitrogen. These results also demonstrate that acetonitrile may not be a suitable tracer for domestic burning in urban areas. Wood burning emissions may be best identified through analysis of the emissions profile rather than reliance on a single tracer species.
C1 [Coggon, Matthew M.; Veres, Patrick R.; Yuan, Bin; Koss, Abigail; Warneke, Carsten; Lerner, Brian M.; Peischl, Jeff; Aikin, Kenneth C.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Coggon, Matthew M.; Veres, Patrick R.; Yuan, Bin; Koss, Abigail; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Peischl, Jeff; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Stockwell, Chelsea E.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Roberts, James M.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Koss, Abigail; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hatch, Lindsay E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Hatch, Lindsay E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
[Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem & Biochem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Coggon, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Coggon, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM matthew.m.coggon@noaa.gov
RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Koss,
Abigail/B-5421-2015; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Yokelson,
Robert/C-9971-2011; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012;
Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Aikin,
Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X;
Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808;
Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329;
Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172;
FU CIRES; NASA [NNX14AP45G]
FX M. Coggon acknowledges support from the CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral
Fellowship. R. Yokelson acknowledges NASA grant NNX14AP45G. We thank
Andy Neuman for his assistance and guidance with van measurements. We
thank Jannette Whitcomb and the City of Aspen Environmental Health
Department for their generous assistance during mobile measurements.
Data used for this analysis may be found on NOAA's data server
(http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/groups/csd7/measurements/2009firelab/) or
within the supporting information of Stockwell et al. [2015] and Hatch
et al. [2015].
NR 47
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 18
BP 9903
EP 9912
DI 10.1002/2016GL070562
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8PS
UT WOS:000385392900066
ER
PT J
AU Hassler, B
McDonald, BC
Frost, GJ
Borbon, A
Carslaw, DC
Civerolo, K
Granier, C
Monks, PS
Monks, S
Parrish, DD
Pollack, IB
Rosenlof, KH
Ryerson, TB
von Schneidemesser, E
Trainer, M
AF Hassler, Birgit
McDonald, Brian C.
Frost, Gregory J.
Borbon, Agnes
Carslaw, David C.
Civerolo, Kevin
Granier, Claire
Monks, Paul S.
Monks, Sarah
Parrish, David D.
Pollack, Ilana B.
Rosenlof, Karen H.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
von Schneidemesser, Erika
Trainer, Michael
TI Analysis of long-term observations of NOx and CO in megacities and
application to constraining emissions inventories
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DUTY VEHICLE EMISSIONS; COAST AIR BASIN; ON-ROAD EMISSIONS; LOS-ANGELES;
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; DIESEL
VEHICLES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; CARBON-MONOXIDE
AB Long-term atmospheric NOx/CO enhancement ratios in megacities provide evaluations of emission inventories. A fuel-based emission inventory approach that diverges from conventional bottom-up inventory methods explains 1970-2015 trends in NOx/CO enhancement ratios in Los Angeles. Combining this comparison with similar measurements in other U.S. cities demonstrates that motor vehicle emissions controls were largely responsible for U.S. urban NOx/CO trends in the past half century. Differing NOx/CO enhancement ratio trends in U.S. and European cities over the past 25 years highlights alternative strategies for mitigating transportation emissions, reflecting Europe's increased use of light-duty diesel vehicles and correspondingly slower decreases in NOx emissions compared to the U.S. A global inventory widely used by global chemistry models fails to capture these long-term trends and regional differences in U.S. and Europe megacity NOx/CO enhancement ratios, possibly contributing to these models' inability to accurately reproduce observed long-term changes in tropospheric ozone.
C1 [Hassler, Birgit; McDonald, Brian C.; Granier, Claire; Monks, Sarah; Parrish, David D.; Pollack, Ilana B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hassler, Birgit; McDonald, Brian C.; Frost, Gregory J.; Granier, Claire; Monks, Sarah; Parrish, David D.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Borbon, Agnes] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LaMP, OPGC, CNRS,UMR 6016, Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Carslaw, David C.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Wolfson Atmospher Chem Labs, York, N Yorkshire, England.
[Civerolo, Kevin] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Air Resources, Albany, NY USA.
[Granier, Claire] CNRS, LATMOS, Paris, France.
[Granier, Claire] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Monks, Paul S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester, Leics, England.
[Pollack, Ilana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[von Schneidemesser, Erika] Inst Adv Sustainabil Studies eV, Potsdam, Germany.
RP Hassler, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hassler, B (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM birgit.hassler@noaa.gov
RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Hassler,
Birgit/E-8987-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Frost,
Gregory/I-1958-2013; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010;
OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Hassler,
Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; MONKS,
SARAH/0000-0003-3474-027X; Civerolo, Kevin/0000-0003-1536-2664
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office
FX We thank ECCAD (Emissions of Atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of
Ancillary Database, http://pole-ether.fr/eccad), which was used to
download the MACCity emissions data. The contribution of AIRPARIF
through access to their NOx and CO data is acknowledged. This study was
supported in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office. The views expressed
here do not necessarily reflect those of the participating
agencies/organizations.
NR 67
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U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 18
BP 9920
EP 9930
DI 10.1002/2016GL069894
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8PS
UT WOS:000385392900068
ER
PT J
AU Keppel-Aleks, G
Washenfelder, RA
AF Keppel-Aleks, G.
Washenfelder, R. A.
TI The effect of atmospheric sulfate reductions on diffuse radiation and
photosynthesis in the United States during 1995-2013
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; AIR-POLLUTION; ACTIVE RADIATION; EARLY 1990S;
CARBON; SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE; TRENDS; IMPACT; MODEL
AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been shown to influence the global carbon sink by increasing the fraction of diffuse light, which increases photosynthesis over a greater fraction of the vegetated canopy. Between 1995 and 2013, U.S. SO2 emissions declined by over 70%, coinciding with observed AOD reductions of 3.0 +/- 0.6% yr(-1) over the eastern U.S. In the Community Earth System Model (CESM), these trends cause diffuse light to decrease regionally by almost 0.6% yr(-1), leading to declines in gross primary production (GPP) of 0.07% yr(-1). Integrated over the analysis period and domain, this represents 0.5 Pg C of omitted GPP. A separate upscaling calculation that used published relationships between GPP and diffuse light agreed with the CESM model results within 20%. The agreement between simulated and data-constrained upscaling results strongly suggests that anthropogenic sulfate trends have a small impact on carbon uptake in temperate forests due to scattered light.
C1 [Keppel-Aleks, G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Washenfelder, R. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Keppel-Aleks, G (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM gkeppela@umich.edu
RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702;
FU Biogeochemistry-Climate Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area (SFA)
FX The research was supported in part by the Biogeochemistry-Climate
Feedbacks Scientific Focus Area (SFA), which is sponsored by the
Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) Program in the Climate and
Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and
Environmental Research Program in the U.S. Department of Energy Office
of Science. We thank Greg Frost for advice about SO2
emissions inventories. We thank Susan Cheng and Allison Steiner for
helpful discussions on the flux tower data, and Mark Flanner for
discussions about configuring CESM. Data are available from the authors
upon request.
NR 48
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U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 18
BP 9984
EP 9993
DI 10.1002/2016GL070052
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8PS
UT WOS:000385392900075
ER
PT J
AU Robins, LH
Horneber, E
Sanford, NA
Bertness, KA
Brubaker, MD
Schlager, JB
AF Robins, L. H.
Horneber, E.
Sanford, N. A.
Bertness, K. A.
Brubaker, M. D.
Schlager, J. B.
TI Raman spectroscopy based measurements of carrier concentration in n-type
GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; OPTICAL PHONONS; SCATTERING; MOBILITY; MODES; GAAS;
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LIFETIME; POLAR; INP
AB The carrier concentration in as-grown ensembles of n-type GaN nanowires was determined by Raman spectroscopy of the coupled longitudinal phonon-plasmon (LPP+) mode and modeling of the carrier concentration dependence of the LPP+ frequency. The Raman measurements and analyses enabled estimation of the carrier concentration in single-nanowire devices fabricated from the as-grown ensembles. The nanowires were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy in either of the two growth systems. Twelve samples were examined, of which 11 samples were Si-doped and one was undoped. The Raman-measured carrier concentrations in the Si-doped samples ranged from (5.28 +/- 1.19) x 10(16) cm(-3) to (6.16 +/- 0.35) x 10(17) cm(-3). For a subset of samples grown with varying Si cell temperature, from 1125 degrees C to 1175 degrees C, the carrier concentration was found to be an Arrhenius function of Si cell temperature, with activation energy of 6.281 +/- 0.011 eV.Co-illumination by an above band gap UV laser (325 nm, excitation intensity -0.7 W/cm(2) or 4.5W/cm(2)) induced small increases in carrier concentration, relative to illumination by the Raman excitation laser alone (633 nm, excitation intensity approximate to 100 kW/cm(2)). The lowest Si-doped sample showed the largest increase in carrier concentration, (6.3 +/- 4.8) x 10(15) cm(-3) with UV excitation intensity of 0.7 W/cm(2). These results imply that, even in the absence of UV illumination, surface depletion does not have a significant effect on the Raman carrier concentration measurements. Immersion in a high-dielectric-constant oil (epsilon = 2.24) caused downshifts of similar magnitude in the LPP+ frequencies of undoped and doped nanowires. This result implies that the LPP+ mode has bulk plasmon rather than surface plasmon character, because immersion in a high-dielectric-constant medium is predicted to cause a large decrease in the surface plasmon frequency, which would induce a larger LPP+ downshift in doped than undoped nanowires. A surface optical (SO) phonon peak was observed in each sample in air at approximate to 96.4% of the LPP+ frequency. The SO frequency decreased to approximate to 93.1% of the LPP+ frequency upon oil immersion, as predicted by a simple dielectric model.
C1 [Robins, L. H.; Horneber, E.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sanford, N. A.; Bertness, K. A.; Brubaker, M. D.; Schlager, J. B.] NIST, Div Appl Phys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Robins, LH (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 44
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 12
AR 124313
DI 10.1063/1.4963291
PG 24
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DZ0WP
UT WOS:000385560700043
ER
PT J
AU Simons, MT
Gordon, JA
Holloway, CL
AF Simons, Matt T.
Gordon, Joshua A.
Holloway, Christopher L.
TI Simultaneous use of Cs and Rb Rydberg atoms for dipole moment assessment
and RF electric field measurements via electromagnetically induced
transparency
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CESIUM
AB We demonstrate simultaneous electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) with cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) Rydberg atoms in the same vapor cell with coincident (overlapping) optical fields. Each atomic system can detect radio frequency (RF) electric (E) field strengths through the modification of the EIT signal (Autler-Townes (AT) splitting), which leads to a direct International System of Unit traceable RF E-field measurement. We show that these two systems can detect the same RF E-field strength simultaneously, which provides a direct in situ comparison of Rb and Cs RF measurements in Rydberg atoms. In effect, this allows us to perform two measurements of the same E-field strength, providing a relative comparison of the dipole moments of the two atomic species. This gives two measurements that help rule out systematic effects and uncertainties in this E-field metrology approach, which are important when establishing an international measurement standard for an E-field strength, and is a necessary step for this method to be accepted as a standard calibration technique. We use this approach to measure E-fields at 9.2 GHz, 11.6 GHz, and 13.4 GHz, which correspond to three different atomic states (different principal atomic numbers and angular momentums) for the two atom species.
C1 [Simons, Matt T.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov
OI SIMONS, MATTHEW/0000-0001-9418-7520
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the QuASAR
Program; NIST through the Embedded Standards program
FX We thank Dr. Georg Raithel and Dr. David A. Anderson of the University
of Michigan for their useful technique discussions. This work was
partially supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) under the QuASAR Program and by NIST through the Embedded
Standards program.
NR 21
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U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 12
AR 123103
DI 10.1063/1.4963106
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DZ0WP
UT WOS:000385560700003
ER
PT J
AU Lin, Y
Gaebler, JP
Reiter, F
Tan, TR
Bowler, R
Wan, Y
Keith, A
Knill, E
Glancy, S
Coakley, K
Sorensen, AS
Leibfried, D
Wineland, DJ
AF Lin, Y.
Gaebler, J. P.
Reiter, F.
Tan, T. R.
Bowler, R.
Wan, Y.
Keith, A.
Knill, E.
Glancy, S.
Coakley, K.
Sorensen, A. S.
Leibfried, D.
Wineland, D. J.
TI Preparation of Entangled States through Hilbert Space Engineering
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM ZENO DYNAMICS; MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; TRAPPED IONS;
PARADOX; GATES; ATOM
AB We apply laser fields to trapped atomic ions to constrain the quantum dynamics from a simultaneously applied global microwave field to an initial product state and a target entangled state. This approach comes under what has become known in the literature as "quantum Zeno dynamics" and we use it to prepare entangled states of two and three ions. With two trapped Be-9(+) ions, we obtain Bell state fidelities up to 0.990(-5)(+2); with three ions, a W-state fidelity of 0.910(-7)(+4) is obtained. Compared to other methods of producing entanglement in trapped ions, this procedure can be relatively insensitive to certain imperfections such as fluctuations in laser intensity.
C1 [Lin, Y.; Gaebler, J. P.; Tan, T. R.; Bowler, R.; Wan, Y.; Keith, A.; Knill, E.; Glancy, S.; Coakley, K.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Reiter, F.; Sorensen, A. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
[Lin, Y.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lin, Y.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lin, Y.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Reiter, F.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Bowler, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Lin, Y (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Lin, Y (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Lin, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Lin, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM yiheng.lin@colorado.edu
RI Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013
OI Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163
FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence
Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); ONR; NIST Quantum
Information Program; European Union Seventh Framework Programme through
ERC Grant QIOS [306576]
FX We thank J. Eschner, G. Morigi, and A. Signoles for helpful discussions.
We thank C. Kurz and D. H. Slichter for helpful comments on the
manuscript. The NIST work was supported by the Office of the Director of
National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects
Activity (IARPA), ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. The
work of the University of Copenhangen was funded by the European Union
Seventh Framework Programme through ERC Grant QIOS (Grant No. 306576).
NR 43
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U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 14
AR 140502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.140502
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DX0UY
UT WOS:000384082500001
PM 27740826
ER
PT J
AU Ghaffarian, R
Roki, N
Abouzeid, A
Vreeland, W
Muro, S
AF Ghaffarian, Rasa
Roki, Niksa
Abouzeid, Abraham
Vreeland, Wyatt
Muro, Silvia
TI Intra- and trans-cellular delivery of enzymes by direct conjugation with
non-multivalent anti-ICAM molecules
SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE Drug targeting, monomeric vs. multivalent targeting; Receptor-mediated
endocytosis; Transcytosis; Antibody-enzyme conjugate; ICAM-1
ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS; POLYMER
NANOCARRIERS; ICAM-1-TARGETED NANOCARRIERS; ENDOTHELIAL ICAM-1;
EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DRUG-DELIVERY; TRAFFICKING; ENDOCYTOSIS; STRATEGIES
AB Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell-surface protein overexpressed in many diseases and explored for endocytosis and transcytosis of drug delivery systems. All previous evidence demonstrating ICAM-1-mediated transport of therapeutics into or across cells was obtained using nanocarriers or conjugates coupled to multiple copies of anti-ICAM antibodies or peptides. Yet, transport of therapeutics linked to non-multivalent anti-ICAM ligands has never been shown, since multivalency was believed to be necessary to induce transport. Our goal was to explore whether non-multivalent binding to ICAM-1 could drive endocytosis and/or transcytosis of model cargo in different cell types. We found that anti-ICAM was specifically internalized by all tested ICAM-1-expressing cells, including epithelial, fibroblast and neuroblastoma cells, primary or established cell lines. Uptake was inhibited at 4 degrees C and in the presence of an inhibitor of the ICAM-1-associated pathway, rather than inhibitors of the clathrin or caveolar routes. We observed minimal transport of anti-ICAM to lysosomes, yet prominent and specific transcytosis across epithelial monolayers. Finally, we coupled a model cargo (the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) to anti-ICAM and separated a 1:2 antibody: enzyme conjugate for non-multivalent ICAM-1 targeting. Similar to anti-ICAM, anti-ICAM-HRP was specifically internalized and transported across cells, which rendered intra- and trans-cellular enzyme activity. Therefore, non-multivalent ICAM-1 targeting also provides transport of cargoes into and across cells, representing a new alternative for future therapeutic applications via this route. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ghaffarian, Rasa; Roki, Niksa; Muro, Silvia] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Muro, Silvia] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Abouzeid, Abraham; Vreeland, Wyatt] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Muro, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 5115 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM muro@umd.edu
FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0750616];
National Institutes of Health [R01-HL98416]; National Science Foundation
[CBET-1402756]
FX This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate
Research Fellowship to R.G. (DGE-0750616), and funds awarded to S.M. by
the National Institutes of Health (grant R01-HL98416) and the National
Science Foundation (CBET-1402756). We thank Dr. Jerrold Turner
(Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, IL) for
kindly donating Caco-2 cells for this study, and Dr. Edward Schuchman
(Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, NY) for generously sharing wild-type skin fibroblasts.
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-3659
EI 1873-4995
J9 J CONTROL RELEASE
JI J. Control. Release
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 238
BP 221
EP 230
DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.042
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA DX9FV
UT WOS:000384699900021
PM 27473764
ER
PT J
AU Fischer, CF
Godefroid, M
Brage, T
Jonsson, P
Gaigalas, G
AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese
Godefroid, Michel
Brage, Tomas
Jonsson, Per
Gaigalas, Gediminas
TI Advanced multiconfiguration methods for complex atoms: I. Energies and
wave functions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
DE atomic structure theory; correlation; Dirac equation; multiconfiguration
methods; Schrodinger's equation; variational methods
ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; MANY-PARTICLE SYSTEMS; RESONANCE
TRANSITION ENERGIES; COMPUTING ANGULAR INTEGRALS; ISOTOPE SHIFT
CALCULATIONS; HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; STRONG COULOMB FIELD;
NITROGEN-LIKE IONS; B-II LINE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS
AB Multiconfiguration wave function expansions combined with configuration interaction methods are a method of choice for complex atoms where atomic state functions are expanded in a basis of configuration state functions. Combined with a variational method such as the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) or multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF), the associated set of radial functions can be optimized for the levels of interest. The present review updates the variational MCHF theory to include MCDHF, describes the multireference single and double process for generating expansions and the systematic procedure of a computational scheme for monitoring convergence. It focuses on the calculations of energies and wave functions from which other atomic properties can be predicted such as transition rates, hyperfine structures and isotope shifts, for example.
C1 [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] NIST, Atom Spect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Godefroid, Michel] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Chim Quant & Photophys, CP160-09, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Brage, Tomas] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Div Math Phys, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
[Jonsson, Per] Malmo Univ, Fac Technol & Soc, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, SE-20506 Malmo, Sweden.
[Gaigalas, Gediminas] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
[Fischer, Charlotte Froese] Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Godefroid, M (reprint author), Univ Libre Bruxelles, Chim Quant & Photophys, CP160-09, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.; Fischer, CF (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM cff@cs.ubc.ca; mrgodef@ulb.ac.be
RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013
OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637
FU Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS) [CDR J.0047.16];
IUAP-Belgian State Science Policy (BriX network) [P7/12]; Swedish
Research Council [2015-04842]
FX MG acknowledges support from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific
Research (FNRS) under Grant CDR J.0047.16 and from the IUAP-Belgian
State Science Policy (BriX network P7/12). TB and PJ acknowledge support
from the Swedish Research Council under Grant 2015-04842
NR 211
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 13
U2 13
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
EI 1361-6455
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 18
AR 182004
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/18/182004
PG 35
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DX3TH
UT WOS:000384296100001
ER
PT J
AU Lin, YJ
Spielman, IB
AF Lin, Yu-Ju
Spielman, I. B.
TI Synthetic gauge potentials for ultracold neutral atoms
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE quantum gases; synthetic gauge potentials; ultracold neutral atoms
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NON-ABELIAN STATISTICS; QUANTUM HALL STATE;
TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EDGE STATES; GAS;
SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMIONS; LATTICE
AB Synthetic gauge fields for ultracold neutral atoms-engineered using the interaction between laser fields and the atoms' internal 'spin' degrees of freedom-provide promising techniques for generating the large (synthetic) magnetic fields required to reach the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) limit in quantum gases, bosonic or fermionic alike. Because neutral atoms can move in a nearly disorder-free environment and they have extremely simple contact interactions, the resulting FQH states would be revealed in their most essential form. Moreover, bosonic FQH states represent a new frontier and have never been seen in any setting. Going beyond electromagnetism's conventional scalar gauge field, it is possible to create more general non-Abelian gauge potentials. When these are spatially uniform, they are equivalent to spin-orbit coupling familiar in material systems, and can lead to cold atom analogs of topological insulators and topological superconductors. In this tutorial, we introduce basic concepts underlying these gauge fields, making connections to the Aharonov-Bohm phase and geometric phase. We focus on the system of neutral atoms 'dressed' by multiple laser beams, where the eigenstates of the resulting Hamiltonian are known as dressed states. Synthetic gauge potentials arise from the unitary transformation required to express these dressed states in terms of the laser-free eigenstates. We discuss stability of laser-dressed atoms corresponding to the adiabatic condition and the probability of non-adiabatic transitions. Adopting both the semiclassical and quantum mechanical approaches, we demonstrate they agree in the suitable limit. We also analyze using both the conventional adiabatic picture and exact picture, where the kinetic energy is neglected in the former and retained in the latter picture.
C1 [Lin, Yu-Ju] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Lin, YJ (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei, Taiwan.
EM linyj@gate.sinica.edu.tw; spielman@nist.gov
RI Lin, Yu-Ju/F-7917-2012
FU MOST; Career Development Award in Academia Sinica; ARO's Atomtronics
MURI; AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI; NIST; NSF through the PFC at the JQI
FX Y-J. L thanks G Juzeliunas and J-P Wang for useful discussions, and
acknowledges J-P Wang for valuable comments on the manuscript. Y-J. L
was supported by MOST and Career Development Award in Academia Sinica.
I. B. S was partially supported by the ARO's Atomtronics MURI, and by
the AFOSR's Quantum Matter MURI, NIST, and the NSF through the PFC at
the JQI.
NR 100
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
EI 1361-6455
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 48
IS 18
AR 183001
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/18/183001
PG 20
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DX2QC
UT WOS:000384214600001
ER
PT J
AU Dimitrievska, M
White, JL
Zhou, W
Stavila, V
Klebanoff, LE
Udovic, TJ
AF Dimitrievska, Mirjana
White, James L.
Zhou, Wei
Stavila, Vitalie
Klebanoff, Leonard E.
Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Structure-dependent vibrational dynamics of Mg(BH4)(2) polymorphs probed
with neutron vibrational spectroscopy and first-principles calculations
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNESIUM BOROHYDRIDE MG(BH4)(2); DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; CRYSTAL;
STORAGE; RAMAN
AB The structure-dependent vibrational properties of different Mg(BH4)(2) polymorphs (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta phases) were investigated with a combination of neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, with emphasis placed on the effects of the local structure and orientation of the BH4- anions. DFT simulations closely match the neutron vibrational spectra. The main bands in the low-energy region (20-80 meV) are associated with the BH4- librational modes. The features in the intermediate energy region (80-120 meV) are attributed to overtones and combination bands arising from the lower-energy modes. The features in the high-energy region (120-200 meV) correspond to the BH4- symmetric and asymmetric bending vibrations, of which four peaks located at 140, 142, 160, and 172 meV are especially intense. There are noticeable intensity distribution variations in the vibrational bands for different polymorphs. This is explained by the differences in the spatial distribution of BH4- anions within various structures. An example of the possible identification of products after the hydrogenation of MgB2, using NVS measurements, is presented. These results provide fundamental insights of benefit to researchers currently studying these promising hydrogen-storage materials.
C1 [Dimitrievska, Mirjana] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 5013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Dimitrievska, Mirjana; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[White, James L.; Stavila, Vitalie; Klebanoff, Leonard E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 5013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.; Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mirjana.dimitrievska@nrel.gov
RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008
OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office
[DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. M. D.
gratefully acknowledges research support from the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell
Technologies Office, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
EI 1463-9084
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 28
PY 2016
VL 18
IS 36
BP 25546
EP 25552
DI 10.1039/c6cp04469g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA DX3CB
UT WOS:000384249300083
PM 27711618
ER
PT J
AU Gibbs, JG
AF Gibbs, Justin G.
TI A Skill Assessment of Techniques for Real-Time Diagnosis and Short-Term
Prediction of Tornado Intensity Using the WSR-88D
SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PART I; RADAR; DEBRIS; CLIMATOLOGY; SIGNATURES
AB Recent advancements in the science of tornado detection have allowed the National Weather Service (NWS) Warning Decision Training Division to incorporate real-time tornado intensity estimation into guidance available to NWS forecasters. This guidance focuses specifically on differentiating between strong/violent (EF2+) and weak (EF0-1) tornadoes. This study evaluates the skill of a portion of that guidance, specifically the quantification of the relationship between rotational velocity signatures and the height of tornadic debris signatures (TDSs) with observed EF-scale tornado damage.
The guidance is found to be sufficiently skillful at diagnosing tornado intensity. Perhaps most usefully, when attempting to differentiate between weak and strong/violent tornadoes in real-time, skill scores peak at the threshold of 20.57 m s(-1) (40 kt) of rotational velocity when the velocity couplet is combined with a TDS. Skill sufficient for operational decision making also is evaluated and found in other permutations of rotational velocity, with and without a TDS, and the guidance regarding the height of the TDS. Beyond real-time diagnosis, several subjectively analyzed radar parameters show skill within the dataset at differentiating between strong/violent and weak tornadoes with lead times of 2-3 volume scans.
C1 [Gibbs, Justin G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Div, Norman, OK USA.
RP Gibbs, JG (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2640, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM justin.gibbs@noaa.gov
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU NATL WEATHER ASSOC
PI NORMAN
PA 350 DAVID L BOREN BLVD, STE 2750, NORMAN, OK USA
SN 2325-6184
J9 J OPER METEOROL
JI J. Oper. Meteorol.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 4
IS 13
BP 170
EP 181
DI 10.15191/nwajom.2016.0413
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC9VQ
UT WOS:000388492800001
ER
PT J
AU Pincus, R
Forster, PM
Stevens, B
AF Pincus, Robert
Forster, Piers M.
Stevens, Bjorn
TI The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP):
experimental protocol for CMIP6
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE MODELS; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; CLOUDS; VARIABILITY;
SENSITIVITY; PRECIPITATION; DEPENDENCE; FEEDBACKS; DESIGN; CODES
AB The phrasing of the first of three questions motivating CMIP6 - "How does the Earth system respond to forcing?" - suggests that forcing is always well-known, yet the radiative forcing to which this question refers has historically been uncertain in coordinated experiments even as understanding of how best to infer radiative forcing has evolved. The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) endorsed by CMIP6 seeks to provide a foundation for answering the question through three related activities: (i) accurate characterization of the effective radiative forcing relative to a near-preindustrial baseline and careful diagnosis of the components of this forcing; (ii) assessment of the absolute accuracy of clear-sky radiative transfer parameterizations against reference models on the global scales relevant for climate modeling; and (iii) identification of robust model responses to tightly specified aerosol radiative forcing from 1850 to present.
Complete characterization of effective radiative forcing can be accomplished with 180 years (Tier 1) of atmosphere-only simulation using a sea-surface temperature and sea ice concentration climatology derived from the host model's preindustrial control simulation. Assessment of parameterization error requires trivial amounts of computation but the development of small amounts of infrastructure: new, spectrally detailed diagnostic output requested as two snapshots at present-day and preindustrial conditions, and results from the model's radiation code applied to specified atmospheric conditions. The search for robust responses to aerosol changes relies on the CMIP6 specification of anthropogenic aerosol properties; models using this specification can con-tribute to RFMIP with no additional simulation, while those using a full aerosol model are requested to perform at least one and up to four 165-year coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations at Tier 1.
C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Forster, Piers M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Pincus, R (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu
RI Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Stevens,
Bjorn/A-1757-2013
OI Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470;
Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475
FU Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the US Department of
Energy Office of Environmental and Biological Sciences [DE-SC0012549]
FX Robert Pincus and Piers M. Forster are financially supported by the
Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the US Department of
Energy Office of Environmental and Biological Sciences under grant
DE-SC0012549. The protocol for RFMIP has benefited from conversations
with T. Andrews, D. R. Feldman, E. J. Mlawer, L. Oreopoulos, and D.
Paynter. W. D. Collins and V. Ramaswamy originated the idea of assessing
parameterization error in treatment of aerosols (Sect. 3.1.2). We thank
Daniel R. Feldman of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab for carefully
assembling the novel data request for the assessment of aerosol
radiative forcing.
NR 71
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 7
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 3447
EP 3460
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-3447-2016
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8MV
UT WOS:000385385300001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, H
Kondragunta, S
Laszlo, I
Liu, HQ
Remer, LA
Huang, JF
Superczynski, S
Ciren, P
AF Zhang, Hai
Kondragunta, Shobha
Laszlo, Istvan
Liu, Hongqing
Remer, Lorraine A.
Huang, Jingfeng
Superczynski, Stephen
Ciren, Pubu
TI An enhanced VIIRS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieval algorithm
over land using a global surface reflectance ratio database
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE VIIRS; aerosol optical thickness; retrieval; satellite; remote sensing;
Suomi-NPP
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CODE; AIR-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; VECTOR
VERSION; SATELLITE DATA; VALIDATION; ABSORPTION; 6S; VARIABILITY;
NETWORK
AB The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite has been retrieving aerosol optical thickness (AOT), operationally and globally, over ocean and land since shortly after S-NPP launch in 2011. However, the current operational VIIRS AOT retrieval algorithm over land has two limitations in its assumptions for land surfaces: (1) it only retrieves AOT over the dark surfaces and (2) it assumes that the global surface reflectance ratios between VIIRS bands are constants. In this work, we develop a surface reflectance ratio database over land with a spatial resolution 0.1 degrees x0.1 degrees using 2years of VIIRS top of atmosphere reflectances. We enhance the current operational VIIRS AOT retrieval algorithm by applying the surface reflectance ratio database in the algorithm. The enhanced algorithm is able to retrieve AOT over both dark and bright surfaces. Over bright surfaces, the VIIRS AOT retrievals from the enhanced algorithm have a correlation of 0.79, mean bias of -0.008, and standard deviation (STD) of error of 0.139 when compared against the ground-based observations at the global AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) sites. Over dark surfaces, the VIIRS AOT retrievals using the surface reflectance ratio database improve the root-mean-square error from 0.150 to 0.123. The use of the surface reflectance ratio database also increases the data coverage of more than 20% over dark surfaces. The AOT retrievals over bright surfaces are comparable to MODIS Deep Blue AOT retrievals.
C1 [Zhang, Hai; Liu, Hongqing; Ciren, Pubu] NOAA, LM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Kondragunta, Shobha; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA.
[Laszlo, Istvan; Huang, Jingfeng] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Remer, Lorraine A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Superczynski, Stephen] Syst Res Grp, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Zhang, H (reprint author), NOAA, LM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM hai.zhang@noaa.gov
FU NOAA JPSS program
FX This work is supported by the NOAA JPSS program. The authors thank the
MODIS team and AERONET principal investigators and site managers for
providing the data used in this work. The contents in this paper are
solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of
policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government.
The data used in this paper can be requested from Istvan Laszlo
(Istvan.Laszlo@noaa.gov) or Shobha Kondragunta
(Shobha.Kondragunta@noaa.gov).
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 10717
EP 10738
DI 10.1002/2016JD024859
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000027
ER
PT J
AU Crawford, AM
Stunder, BJB
Ngan, F
Pavolonis, MJ
AF Crawford, Alice M.
Stunder, Barbara J. B.
Ngan, Fong
Pavolonis, Michael J.
TI Initializing HYSPLIT with satellite observations of volcanic ash: A case
study of the 2008 Kasatochi eruption
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE volcanic ash; HYSPLIT; remote sensing
ID SMOKE FORECASTING SYSTEM; SOURCE PARAMETERS; CLOUD TRANSPORT;
DISPERSION; MODEL; VERIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; HEIGHT
AB The current work focuses on improving volcanic ash forecasts by integrating satellite observations of ash into the Lagrangian transport and dispersion model, HYSPLIT. The accuracy of HYSPLIT output is dependent on the accuracy of the initialization: the initial position, size distribution, and amount of ash as a function of time. Satellite observations from passive infrared, IR, sensors are used both to construct the initialization term and for verification. Space-based lidar observations are used for further verification. We compare model output produced using different initializations for the 2008 eruption of Kasatochi in the Aleutian Islands. Simple source terms, such as a uniform vertical line or cylindrical source above the vent, are compared to initializations derived from satellite measurements of position, mass loading, effective radius, and height of the downwind ash cloud. Using satellite measurements of column mass loading of ash to constrain the source term produces better long-term predictions than using an empirical equation relating mass eruption rate and plume height above the vent. Even though some quantities, such as the cloud thickness, must be estimated, initializations which release particles at the position of the observed ash cloud produce model output which is comparable to or better than the model output produced with source terms located above and around the vent. Space-based lidar data, passive IR retrievals of ash cloud top height, and model output agree well with each other, and all suggest that the Kasatochi ash cloud evolved into a complex three-dimensional structure.
C1 [Crawford, Alice M.; Ngan, Fong] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Crawford, Alice M.; Stunder, Barbara J. B.; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Pavolonis, Michael J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA.
RP Crawford, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Crawford, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM alice.crawford@noaa.gov
RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Crawford, Alice/P-6996-2015; Ngan,
Fong/G-1324-2012
OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Crawford,
Alice/0000-0001-6570-6870; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727
FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
FX The authors are grateful to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
for funding part of this study. The views expressed are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position
of the FAA or NOAA. CALIOP data were obtained from the NASA Langely
Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. ECMWF data were
obtained using their publicly available web and python api's
http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/. The HYSPLIT model is available at
http://ready.arl.noaa.gov. The MODIS satellite data and HYSPLIT model
output and input files are available from the authors
(alice.crawford@noaa.gov). We are grateful to Jaime Kibler, Greg
Gallina, and Grace Swanson for many conversations regarding VAAC
operations; to Justin Sieglaff for providing technical assistance on
interpreting and utilizing the satellite retrievals; and to Roland
Draxler, Ariel Stein, and Tianfeng Chai for their insightful comments on
the use of the HYSPLIT model and this manuscript.
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SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 10786
EP 10803
DI 10.1002/2016JD024779
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000017
ER
PT J
AU Webb, AJ
Bosch, H
Parker, RJ
Gatti, LV
Gloor, E
Palmer, PI
Basso, LS
Chipperfield, MP
Correia, CSC
Domingues, LG
Feng, L
Gonzi, S
Miller, JB
Warneke, T
Wilson, C
AF Webb, Alex J.
Bosch, Hartmut
Parker, Robert J.
Gatti, Luciana V.
Gloor, Emanuel
Palmer, Paul I.
Basso, Luana S.
Chipperfield, Martyn P.
Correia, Caio S. C.
Domingues, Lucas G.
Feng, Liang
Gonzi, Siegfried
Miller, John B.
Warneke, Thorsten
Wilson, Christopher
TI CH4 concentrations over the Amazon from GOSAT consistent with in situ
vertical profile data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE GOSAT; amazon; methane; wetlands; aircraft; CH4
ID AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENT DATA; COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC
METHANE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; TRANSPORT MODEL; CARBON BALANCE; CO2
FLUXES; VALIDATION; SATELLITE; XCH4
AB The Amazon Basin contains large wetland ecosystems which are important sources of methane (CH4). Spaceborne observations of atmospheric CH4 can provide constraints on emissions from these remote ecosystems, but lack of validation precludes robust estimates. We present the first validation of CH4 columns in the Amazon from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) using aircraft measurements of CH4 over five sites across the Amazon Basin. These aircraft profiles, combined with stratospheric results from the TOMCAT chemical transport model, are vertically integrated allowing direct comparison to the GOSAT XCH4 measurements (the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CH4). The measurements agree within uncertainties or show no significant difference at three of the aircraft sites, with differences ranging from -1.9ppb to 6.6ppb, while at two sites GOSAT XCH4 is shown to be slightly higher than aircraft measurements, by 8.1ppb and 9.7ppb. The seasonality in XCH4 seen by the aircraft profiles is also well captured (correlation coefficients from 0.61 to 0.90). GOSAT observes elevated concentrations in the northwest corner of South America in the dry season and enhanced concentrations elsewhere in the Amazon Basin in the wet season, with the strongest seasonal differences coinciding with regions in Bolivia known to contain large wetlands. Our results are encouraging evidence that these GOSAT CH4 columns are generally in good agreement with in situ measurements, and understanding the magnitude of any remaining biases between the two will allow more confidence in the application of XCH4 to constrain Amazonian CH4 fluxes.
C1 [Webb, Alex J.; Bosch, Hartmut; Parker, Robert J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci Grp, Leicester, Leics, England.
[Bosch, Hartmut; Parker, Robert J.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leicester, Leics, England.
[Gatti, Luciana V.; Basso, Luana S.; Correia, Caio S. C.; Domingues, Lucas G.] Comissao Nacl Energia Nucl, Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl, Atmospher Chem Lab, Cidade Univ, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil.
[Gatti, Luciana V.; Correia, Caio S. C.; Domingues, Lucas G.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Greenhouse Gases Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Gloor, Emanuel; Wilson, Christopher] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Palmer, Paul I.; Feng, Liang; Gonzi, Siegfried] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, NCEO, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Wilson, Christopher] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Wilson, Christopher] Univ Leeds, NCEO, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Miller, John B.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Warneke, Thorsten] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany.
RP Webb, AJ (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Earth Observat Sci Grp, Leicester, Leics, England.
EM ajw88@le.ac.uk
RI Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012;
OI Domingues, Lucas/0000-0003-4868-917X
FU NERC [NE/J016284/1, NE/J016195/1]; FAPESP [NE/J016284/1]; UK Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC National Centre for Earth
Observation (NCEO); ESA Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI); ESA Living
Planet Fellowship; NERC consortium grant AMAZONICA [NE/F005806/1]
FX We thank JAXA and NIES for providing access and support for GOSAT data.
We thank the NERC and FAPESP for their joint funding of the Amazonian
Carbon Observatory Project (NERC Reference: NE/J016284/1). A. Webb is
funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). H. Bosch
and R. Parker are supported by the NERC National Centre for Earth
Observation (NCEO) and the ESA Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI).
Parker is also funded via an ESA Living Planet Fellowship. M. Gloor was
financially supported by the NERC consortium grant AMAZONICA
(NE/F005806/1) which we also thank for providing access to additional
aircraft profiles. We thank BADC for providing ECMWF data. Research at
the University of Edinburgh is funded by the NERC grant NE/J016195/1. P.
Palmer acknowledges his Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. The
University of Leicester GOSAT data are freely available through the ESA
GHG-CCI website (www.esa-ghg-cci.org). ACO data will be made available
through the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC)
(www.badc.nerc.ac.uk/data/), and AMAZONICA data are available upon
request by L. V. Gatti (Ivgatti@gmail.com). ECMWF ERA-Interim data are
available through the ECMWF website (http://apps.ecmwEint/datasets/).
Access to the MACC-II data can be requested from the ECMWF MARS data
server (experiment ID g4om, www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets).
Paramaribo-FTS data are available upon request from T. Warneke
(warneke@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de). GEOS-Chem model and metadata are
freely available upon request by P. Palmer (pip@ed.ac.uk). TOMCAT model
output can be requested from M. Chipperfield
(M.Chipperfield@leeds.ac.uk), who acknowledges his Royal Society Wolfson
Research Merit award. This research used the SPECTRE and ALICE High
Performance Computing Facilities at the University of Leicester. The
TOMCAT model was run on the Archer national supercomputer. We thank CEDA
for use of the JASMIN supercomputer system on which we run the NAME
model.
NR 45
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PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 11006
EP 11020
DI 10.1002/2016JD025263
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000037
ER
PT J
AU Grossi, C
Agueda, A
Vogel, FR
Vargas, A
Zimnoch, M
Wach, P
Martin, JE
Lopez-Coto, I
Bolivar, JP
Morgui, JA
Rodo, X
AF Grossi, C.
Agueda, A.
Vogel, F. R.
Vargas, A.
Zimnoch, M.
Wach, P.
Martin, J. E.
Lopez-Coto, I.
Bolivar, J. P.
Morgui, J. A.
Rodo, X.
TI Analysis of ground-based Rn-222 measurements over Spain: Filling the gap
in southwestern Europe
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Rn-222; source; atmosphere; harmonization
ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PHOSPHOGYPSUM PILES; IBERIAN
PENINSULA; AIR MASSES; RADON FLUX; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; BACK
TRAJECTORIES; EXHALATION RATE; TRANSPORT
AB Harmonized atmospheric Rn-222 observations are required by the scientific community: these data have been lacking in southern Europe. We report on three recently established ground-based atmospheric Rn-222 monitoring stations in Spain. We characterize the variability of atmospheric Rn-222 concentrations at each of these stations in relation to source strengths, local, and regional atmospheric processes. For the study, measured atmospheric Rn-222 concentrations, estimated Rn-222 fluxes, and regional footprint analysis have been used. In addition, the atmospheric radon monitor operating at each station has been compared to a Rn-222 progeny monitor. Annual means of Rn-222 concentrations at Gredos (GIC3), Delta de l'Ebre (DEC3), and Huelva (UHU) stations were 17.32.0Bqm(-3), 5.80.8Bqm(-3), and 5.10.7Bqm(-3), respectively. The GIC3 station showed high Rn-222 concentration differences during the day and by seasons. The coastal station DEC3 presented background concentrations typical of the region, except when inland Rn-222-rich air masses are transported into the deltaic area. The highest Rn-222 concentrations at UHU station were observed when local recirculation facilitates accumulation of Rn-222 from nearby source represented by phosphogypsum piles. Results of the comparison performed between monitors revealed that the performance of the direct radon monitor is not affected by meteorological conditions, whereas the Rn-222 progeny monitor seems to underestimate Rn-222 concentrations under saturated atmospheric conditions. Initial findings indicate that the monitor responses seem to be in agreement for unsaturated atmospheric conditions but a further long-term comparison study will be needed to confirm this result.
C1 [Grossi, C.; Agueda, A.; Morgui, J. A.; Rodo, X.] IC3, Barcelona, Spain.
[Vogel, F. R.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Paris, France.
[Vargas, A.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Inst Tecn Energet, Barcelona, Spain.
[Zimnoch, M.; Wach, P.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland.
[Martin, J. E.; Lopez-Coto, I.; Bolivar, J. P.] Univ Huelva, Dept Fis, Huelva, Spain.
[Lopez-Coto, I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Morgui, J. A.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Ecol, Barcelona, Spain.
[Rodo, X.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain.
RP Grossi, C (reprint author), IC3, Barcelona, Spain.
EM claudia.grossi@ic3.cat
RI Zimnoch, Miroslaw/H-8347-2016; Bolivar, Juan Pedro/F-1582-2017;
OI Bolivar, Juan Pedro/0000-0001-9258-6341; GROSSI,
CLAUDIA/0000-0001-6678-4440
FU Obra Social "La Caixa"; Ministerio Espanol de Economia y Competividad
[CGL2013-46186-R]; IMECC EU Project (Kasprowy Wierch campaign); TTORCH
Research Networking Programme; Ministerio Espanol de Educacion, Cultura
y Deporte [CAs15/00042]; Spanish Ministry of Science
[CGL2008-00473/CLI]; Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines;
Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables; Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique; ThalesAleniaSpace; Veolia S.A.
FX Authors want mainly to thank Obra Social "La Caixa" for funding the
ClimaDat Project, the Ministerio Espanol de Economia y Competividad for
MIP project (ref. CGL2013-46186-R), and the European commission for the
InGOS project (call FP7 Infrastructure project). The research leading to
the radon monitors comparison results received funding from a
Transnational Access activity offered within the IMECC EU Project
(Kasprowy Wierch campaign) and a TTORCH Research Networking Programme
Short Visit grant (Delta de l'Ebre campaign). C.G. particularly thanks
the Ministerio Espanol de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, to partially
support her work with the research mobility grant "Jose Castillejos"
(ref. CAs15/00042). A. V. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science for
having funded the MATER project (ref. CGL2008-00473/CLI). The work of
F.R.V. has been supported by the industrial chair BridGES of the
Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, the Commissariat a
l' Energie Atomique et aux Energies Renouvelables, the Centre National
de la Recherche Scientifique, ThalesAleniaSpace, and Veolia S.A. The
authors also thank David Carslaw and Karl Ropkins, developers of the R
package OpenAir (www.openair-project.org), used in the present work for
data analysis. The authors are really grateful to the comments and
suggestions of the three reviewers which strongly helped with the
improvement of our manuscript. We thank Stefano Galmarini for helping to
improve the manuscript. Special thanks are given to the LAO-IC3 team, in
the persons of Oscar Batet, Silvia Borras, Lidia Canas, Roger Curcoll
Manel Nofuentes, Paola Occhipinti, and Eusebi Vazquez, for their effort
in the maintenance of DEC3 and GIC3 stations. The data set of
atmospheric 222Rn concentrations measured at GIC3 and at DEC3
stations is available at www.climadat.es/es/datos/. The data set of UHU
station can be directly acquired from je.martin@uhu.es.
NR 80
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SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 11021
EP 11037
DI 10.1002/2016JD025196
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000036
ER
PT J
AU Schnell, RC
Johnson, BJ
Oltmans, SJ
Cullis, P
Sterling, C
Hall, E
Jordan, A
Helmig, D
Petron, G
Ahmadov, R
Wendell, J
Albee, R
Boylan, P
Thompson, CR
Evans, J
Hueber, J
Curtis, AJ
Park, JH
AF Schnell, Russell C.
Johnson, Bryan J.
Oltmans, Samuel J.
Cullis, Patrick
Sterling, Chance
Hall, Emrys
Jordan, Allen
Helmig, Detlev
Petron, Gabrielle
Ahmadov, Ravan
Wendell, James
Albee, Robert
Boylan, Patrick
Thompson, Chelsea R.
Evans, Jason
Hueber, Jacques
Curtis, Abigale J.
Park, Jeong-Hoo
TI Quantifying wintertime boundary layer ozone production from frequent
profile measurements in the Uinta Basin, UT, oil and gas region
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE wintertime ozone; Uinta Basin; tethersonde profiles
ID POWER-PLANT PLUME; POLLUTION; SIMULATIONS
AB As part of the Uinta Basin Winter Ozone Study, January-February 2013, we conducted 937 tethered balloon-borne ozone vertical and temperature profiles from three sites in the Uinta Basin, Utah (UB). Emissions from oil and gas operations combined with snow cover were favorable for producing high ozone-mixing ratios in the surface layer during stagnant and cold-pool episodes. The highly resolved profiles documented the development of approximately week-long ozone production episodes building from regional backgrounds of similar to 40ppbv to >165ppbv within a shallow cold pool up to 200m in depth. Beginning in midmorning, ozone-mixing ratios increased uniformly through the cold pool layer at rates of 5-12ppbv/h. During ozone events, there was a strong diurnal cycle with each succeeding day accumulating 4-8ppbv greater than the previous day. The top of the elevated ozone production layer was nearly uniform in altitude across the UB independent of topography. Above the ozone production layer, mixing ratios decreased with height to similar to 400mabove ground level where they approached regional background levels. Rapid clean-out of ozone-rich air occurred within a day when frontal systems brought in fresh air. Solar heating and basin topography led to a diurnal flow pattern in which daytime upslope winds distributed ozone precursors and ozone in the Basin. NOx-rich plumes from a coal-fired power plant in the eastern sector of the Basin did not appear to mix down into the cold pool during this field study.
C1 [Schnell, Russell C.; Johnson, Bryan J.; Oltmans, Samuel J.; Cullis, Patrick; Sterling, Chance; Hall, Emrys; Jordan, Allen; Petron, Gabrielle; Wendell, James] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Oltmans, Samuel J.; Cullis, Patrick; Sterling, Chance; Hall, Emrys; Jordan, Allen; Petron, Gabrielle; Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Helmig, Detlev; Thompson, Chelsea R.; Evans, Jason; Hueber, Jacques; Curtis, Abigale J.; Park, Jeong-Hoo] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ahmadov, Ravan; Thompson, Chelsea R.] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Albee, Robert] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
[Boylan, Patrick] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Schnell, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM russell.c.schnell@noaa.gov
RI Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011
OI Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071
FU NOAA Climate Program Office; Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service
District (UIMSSD); Western Energy Alliance; QEP Resources, Inc.; Bureau
of Land Management (BLM); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Utah
Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ); Utah Science Technology and
Research Initiative (USTAR); Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands
Administration (SITLA)
FX Ouray U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Management at the Ouray National
Wildlife Refuge generously provided facilities for tethersonde
operations, and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management allowed access to
Fantasy Canyon. Richard Payton, USEPA Region 8, Denver, CO, was
especially helpful in providing surface ozone, NO, and wind data for the
Uinta Basin in a fast, professional and congenial manner. Uinta Basin
EPA data are available at http://www2.epa.gov/aqs and
http://ampd.epa.gov/ampd/. NOAA data for the Uinta Basin study are
available at ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/ozwv/Ozonesonde/Field
Projects/Uintah/UINTAH 2013/. Wyoming ozone data are available at
http://deq.wyoming.gov/aqd/winter-ozone/. Utah gas and oil data are
available at http://oilgas.ogm.utah.gov/ and
http://www.deq.utah.gov/locations/U/uintahbasin/ozone/overview.htm.
R.C.S. and B.J.J. contributed to conception and design. B.J.J., P.C.,
CS., E.H., A.J., D.H., R.A., J.W., R.A., P.B., C. R.T., J.E., J.H.,
A.C., J.-H.P., and R.C.S. contributed to the acquisition of data.
R.C.S., S.J.O., D.H., G.P., BJ.J., R.A., CS., P.C., and E.H. contributed
to analysis and interpretation of data. R.C.S., S.J.O., D.H., and G.P.
contributed to drafting the article or revising it critically for
important intellectual content. R.C.S., B.J.J., S.J.O., P. C., CS.,
E.H., A.J., D.H., G.P., J.W., P.B., C.R.T., J.E., J.H., A.C., and
J.-H.P. contributed to the final approval of the version to be
published. Funding was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office.
Additional funding and in-kind support for the 2013 Uinta Basin Ozone
Study was provided by the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service
District (UIMSSD), Western Energy Alliance, QEP Resources, Inc., Bureau
of Land Management (BLM), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Utah
Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) and Utah Science Technology
and Research Initiative (USTAR), and Utah School and Institutional Trust
Lands Administration (SITLA). All NOAA data used in this project,
including graphical plotting routines, are available through the
NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division ftp site
ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/ozwv/Ozonesonde/FieldProjects/Uintah/UINTA
H2013/. If data access is not available to a requestor, contact
russell.c.schnell@noaa.gov. The authors declare no competing interests.
NR 20
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SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 11038
EP 11054
DI 10.1002/2016JD025130
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000038
ER
PT J
AU Derwent, RG
Parrish, DD
Galbally, IE
Stevenson, DS
Doherty, RM
Young, PJ
Shallcross, DE
AF Derwent, Richard G.
Parrish, David D.
Galbally, Ian E.
Stevenson, David S.
Doherty, Ruth M.
Young, Paul J.
Shallcross, Dudley E.
TI Interhemispheric differences in seasonal cycles of tropospheric ozone in
the marine boundary layer: Observation-model comparisons
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE tropospheric ozone; seasonal cycles; ozone production; ozone sinks;
interhemispheric differences
ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES;
SURFACE OZONE; GLOBAL-SCALE; PREINDUSTRIAL; REGIONS; EUROPE; AIR
AB Marine boundary layer ozone seasonal cycles have been quantified by fitting the sum of two sine curves through monthly detrended observations taken at three stations: Mace Head, Ireland, and Trinidad Head, California, in the Northern Hemisphere and Cape Grim, Tasmania, in the Southern Hemisphere. The parameters defining the sine curve fits at these stations have been compared with those from a global Lagrangian chemistry-transport model and from 14 Atmospheric Chemistry Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Project chemistry-climate models. Most models substantially overestimated the long-term average ozone levels at Trinidad Head, while they performed much better for Mace Head and Cape Grim. This led to an underestimation of the observed (North Atlantic inflow-North Pacific inflow) difference. The models generally underpredicted the magnitude of the fundamental term of the fitted seasonal cycle, most strongly at Cape Grim. The models more accurately reproduced the observed second harmonic terms compared to the fundamental terms at all stations. Significant correlations have been identified between the errors in the different models' estimates of the seasonal cycle parameters; these correlations may yield further insights into the causes of the model-measurement discrepancies.
C1 [Derwent, Richard G.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England.
[Parrish, David D.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Galbally, Ian E.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Stevenson, David S.; Doherty, Ruth M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Young, Paul J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England.
[Shallcross, Dudley E.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England.
RP Derwent, RG (reprint author), Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England.
EM r.derwent@btopenworld.com
RI Galbally, Ian/E-5852-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010
OI Galbally, Ian/0000-0003-2383-1360; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673;
Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Department for Energy; Climate Change UK
[CESA 002]; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs UK;
Lancaster University
FX The authors are grateful to P.G. Simmonds and T.G. Spain for providing
the Mace Head data and for A.J. Manning for sorting the Mace Head data
into baseline and nonbaseline observations. The data analyzed here are
available from the sources cited in the supporting information. D.
Parrish acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Program Office. R.
Derwent acknowledges support from the Department for Energy and Climate
Change UK, under contract CESA 002 and from Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs UK for the development of STOCHEM and the CRI
mechanism. P. J. Young acknowledges support by an Early Career
Integration Grant from Lancaster University.
NR 26
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SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 11075
EP 11085
DI 10.1002/2016JD024836
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000040
ER
PT J
AU Xu, L
Middlebrook, AM
Liao, J
de Gouw, JA
Guo, HY
Weber, RJ
Nenes, A
Lopez-Hilfiker, FD
Lee, BH
Thornton, JA
Brock, CA
Neuman, JA
Nowak, JB
Pollack, IB
Welti, A
Graus, M
Warneke, C
Ng, NL
AF Xu, Lu
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Liao, Jin
de Gouw, Joost A.
Guo, Hongyu
Weber, Rodney J.
Nenes, Athanasios
Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.
Lee, Ben H.
Thornton, Joel A.
Brock, Charles A.
Neuman, J. Andrew
Nowak, John B.
Pollack, Ilana B.
Welti, Andre
Graus, Martin
Warneke, Carsten
Ng, Nga Lee
TI Enhanced formation of isoprene-derived organic aerosol in sulfur-rich
power plant plumes during Southeast Nexus
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Southeast Nexus (SENEX) study; isoprene; isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX);
sulfate; organic aerosol; heterogeneous reaction
ID UNITED-STATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REACTIVE UPTAKE; ANTHROPOGENIC
EMISSIONS; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; EPOXIDE FORMATION; GROUND SITE;
EPOXYDIOLS; PHOTOOXIDATION; ACIDITY
AB We investigate the effects of anthropogenic sulfate on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from biogenic isoprene through airborne measurements in the southeastern United States as part of the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) field campaign. In a flight over Georgia, organic aerosol (OA) is enhanced downwind of the Harllee Branch power plant but not the Scherer power plant. We find that the OA enhancement is likely caused by the rapid reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) in the sulfate-rich plume of Harllee Branch, which was emitting at least 3 times more sulfur dioxide (SO2) than Scherer, and more aerosol sulfate was produced downwind. The contrast in the evolution of isoprene-derived OA concentration between two power plants with different SO2 emissions provides an opportunity to investigate the magnitude and mechanisms of particle sulfate on isoprene-derived OA formation. We estimate that 1 mu gsm(-3) reduction of sulfate would decrease the isoprene-derived OA by 0.230.08 mu gsm(-3). Based on a parameterization of the IEPOX heterogeneous reactions, we find that the effects of sulfate on isoprene-derived OA formation in the power plant plume arises from enhanced particle surface area and particle acidity, which increases both IEPOX uptake to particles and subsequent aqueous-phase reactions, respectively. The observed relationships between isoprene-OA, sulfate, particle pH, and particle water in previous field studies are explained using these findings.
C1 [Xu, Lu; Nenes, Athanasios; Ng, Nga Lee] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Middlebrook, Ann M.; Liao, Jin; Brock, Charles A.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Liao, Jin; de Gouw, Joost A.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Welti, Andre; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Liao, Jin] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Guo, Hongyu; Weber, Rodney J.; Nenes, Athanasios; Ng, Nga Lee] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res, Inst Chem Engn Sci ICE HT, Patras, Greece.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Palea Penteli, Greece.
[Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Lee, Ben H.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Nowak, John B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA.
[Pollack, Ilana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany.
[Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, Innsbruck, Austria.
RP Ng, NL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Ng, NL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM ng@chbe.gatech.edu
RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Pollack,
Ilana/F-9875-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Thornton,
Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727;
Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Thornton,
Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [1242258]; U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency [RD-83540301]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) [R835410]
FX We are thankful for the staff at the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center and
the WP-3D flight crew for help in instrumenting the aircraft and for
conducting the flights. Georgia Tech researchers were supported by
National Science Foundation (NSF) grant 1242258. N.L. Ng acknowledges
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant RD-83540301. A. Nenes
acknowledges U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR grant
R835410. This publication's contents are solely the responsibility of
the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the
U.S. EPA. Further, U.S. EPA does not endorse the purchase of any
commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The
authors would like to thank Roya Bahreini, Thomas F. Hanisco, and Glenn
M. Wolfe for helpful discussions. We thank Jason M. St. Clair, John D.
Crounse, Alex P. Teng, Tran B. Nguyen, and Paul O. Wennberg for the
triple quadrupole CIMS data. We thank the Kymberlee Osborne and Stefan
France for synthesizing the authentic IEPOX. Data from the SENEX study
are publicly available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/projects/senex/.
The research data beyond the SENEX campaign can be accessed upon request
to the corresponding author.
NR 81
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 17
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 18
BP 11137
EP 11153
DI 10.1002/2016JD025156
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ4NS
UT WOS:000385836000035
ER
PT J
AU Harty, TP
Sepiol, MA
Allcock, DTC
Ballance, CJ
Tarlton, JE
Lucas, DM
AF Harty, T. P.
Sepiol, M. A.
Allcock, D. T. C.
Ballance, C. J.
Tarlton, J. E.
Lucas, D. M.
TI High-Fidelity Trapped-Ion Quantum Logic Using Near-Field Microwaves
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FAULT-TOLERANCE; GATES
AB We demonstrate a two-qubit logic gate driven by near-field microwaves in a room-temperature microfabricated surface ion trap. We introduce a dynamically decoupled gate method, which stabilizes the qubits against fluctuating energy shifts and avoids the need to null the microwave field. We use the gate to produce a Bell state with fidelity 99.7(1)%, after accounting for state preparation and measurement errors. The gate is applied directly to Ca-43(+) hyperfine "atomic clock" qubits (coherence time T*(2) approximate to 50 s) using the oscillating magnetic field gradient produced by an integrated microwave electrode.
C1 [Harty, T. P.; Sepiol, M. A.; Allcock, D. T. C.; Ballance, C. J.; Tarlton, J. E.; Lucas, D. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Allcock, D. T. C.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lucas, DM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
EM d.lucas@physics.ox.ac.uk
RI Allcock, David/C-7582-2013
OI Allcock, David/0000-0002-7317-5560
FU Centre for Doctoral Training on Controlled Quantum Dynamics at Imperial
College London; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0217]; U.K. EPSRC
"Networked Quantum Information Technology" Hub; St. John's College,
Oxford
FX We thank A. M. Steane, D. N. Stacey, and members of the NIST Ion Storage
group (in particular T. R. Tan and D. H. Slichter), for helpful
discussions, and A. Bermudez for comments on the manuscript. T. P. H.
thanks St. John's College, Oxford for support. J. E. T. acknowledges
funding from the Centre for Doctoral Training on Controlled Quantum
Dynamics at Imperial College London. This work was supported by the U.S.
Army Research Office (Ref. No. W911NF-14-1-0217) and the U.K. EPSRC
"Networked Quantum Information Technology" Hub.
NR 46
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U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 14
AR 140501
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.140501
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DX0UV
UT WOS:000384082100002
PM 27740823
ER
PT J
AU Miaja-Avila, L
O'Neil, GC
Joe, YI
Alpert, BK
Damrauer, NH
Doriese, WB
Fatur, SM
Fowler, JW
Hilton, GC
Jimenez, R
Reintsema, CD
Schmidt, DR
Silverman, KL
Swetz, DS
Tatsuno, H
Ullom, JN
AF Miaja-Avila, Luis
O'Neil, Galen C.
Joe, Young I.
Alpert, Bradley K.
Damrauer, Niels H.
Doriese, William B.
Fatur, Steven M.
Fowler, Joseph W.
Hilton, Gene C.
Jimenez, Ralph
Reintsema, Carl D.
Schmidt, Daniel R.
Silverman, Kevin L.
Swetz, Daniel S.
Tatsuno, Hideyuki
Ullom, Joel N.
TI Ultrafast Time-Resolved Hard X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy on a Tabletop
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; PHOTOINDUCED SPIN-CROSSOVER; EXCITED-STATE
DYNAMICS; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS;
ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RESOLUTION; IRON(II); PULSES; LIGHT
AB Experimental tools capable of monitoring both atomic and electronic structure on ultrafast (femtosecond to picosecond) time scales are needed for investigating photophysical processes fundamental to light harvesting, photocatalysis, energy and data storage, and optical display technologies. Time-resolved hard x-ray (> 3 keV) spectroscopies have proven valuable for these measurements due to their elemental specificity and sensitivity to geometric and electronic structures. Here, we present the first tabletop apparatus capable of performing time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy. The time resolution of the apparatus is better than 6 ps. By combining a compact laser-driven plasma source with a highly efficient array of microcalorimeter x-ray detectors, we are able to observe photoinduced spin changes in an archetypal polypyridyl iron complex [Fed2,2'-bipyridine)(3)](2+) and accurately measure the lifetime of the quintet spin state. Our results demonstrate that ultrafast hard x-ray emission spectroscopy is no longer confined to large facilities and now can be performed in conventional laboratories with 10 times better time resolution than at synchrotrons. Our results are enabled, in part, by a 100- to 1000-fold increase in x-ray collection efficiency compared to current techniques.
C1 [Miaja-Avila, Luis; O'Neil, Galen C.; Joe, Young I.; Alpert, Bradley K.; Doriese, William B.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hilton, Gene C.; Reintsema, Carl D.; Schmidt, Daniel R.; Silverman, Kevin L.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Tatsuno, Hideyuki; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Damrauer, Niels H.; Fatur, Steven M.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ullom, Joel N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Miaja-Avila, L; Ullom, JN (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Ullom, JN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM miaja@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov
OI Fatur, Steven/0000-0003-2115-6277
FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program; DOE Office of Basic
Energy Sciences
FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NIST Innovations in
Measurement Science Program and from the DOE Office of Basic Energy
Sciences. We thank teaching assistant K. Spettel and the Spring 2015
CHEM 4021 class at the University of Colorado Boulder for help in the
large-scale synthesis of the [Fe(bpy)3]2+ sample.
We thank the authors of Ref. [19] for providing LS and HS reference
spectra. We thank J. Uhlig for encouragement and advice.
NR 67
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U1 15
U2 15
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2160-3308
J9 PHYS REV X
JI Phys. Rev. X
PD SEP 27
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 3
AR 031047
DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031047
PG 13
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DX0TX
UT WOS:000384079300002
ER
PT J
AU Barbieri, MM
Kashinsky, L
Rotstein, DS
Colegrove, KM
Haman, KH
Magargal, SL
Sweeny, AR
Kaufman, AC
Grigg, ME
Littnan, CL
AF Barbieri, Michelle M.
Kashinsky, Lizabeth
Rotstein, David S.
Colegrove, Kathleen M.
Haman, Katherine H.
Magargal, Spencer L.
Sweeny, Amy R.
Kaufman, Angela C.
Grigg, Michael E.
Littnan, Charles L.
TI Protozoal-related mortalities in endangered Hawaiian monk seals
Neomonachus schauinslandi
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Protozoa; Mortality; Pathology; Immunohistochemistry; Toxoplasma gondii;
Sarcocystis; Pinniped
ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII
INFECTION; PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL;
SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; MARINE
MAMMALS; LIFE-CYCLE
AB Protozoal infections have been widely documented in marine mammals and may cause morbidity and mortality at levels that result in population level effects. The presence and potential impact on the recovery of endangered Hawaiian monk seals Neomonachus schauinslandi by protozoal pathogens was first identified in the carcass of a stranded adult male with disseminated toxoplasmosis and a captive monk seal with hepatitis. We report 7 additional cases and 2 suspect cases of protozoal-related mortality in Hawaiian monk seals between 2001 and 2015, including the first record of vertical transmission in this species. This study establishes case definitions for classification of protozoal infections in Hawaiian monk seals. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were the primary diagnostic modalities used to define cases, given that these analyses establish a direct link between disease and pathogen presence. Findings were supported by serology and molecular data when available. Toxoplasma gondii was the predominant apicomplexan parasite identified and was associated with 100% of mortalities (n = 8) and 50% of suspect cases (n = 2). Incidental identification of sarcocysts in the skeletal muscle without tissue inflammation occurred in 4 seals, including one co-infected with T. gondii. In 2015, 2 cases of toxo-plasmosis were identified ante-mortem and shared similar clinical findings, including hematological abnormalities and histopathology. Protozoal-related mortalities, specifically due to toxoplasmosis, are emerging as a threat to the recovery of this endangered pinniped and other native Hawaiian taxa. By establishing case definitions, this study provides a foundation for measuring the impact of these diseases on Hawaiian monk seals.
C1 [Barbieri, Michelle M.; Littnan, Charles L.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Div, Hawaiian Monk Seal Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
[Kashinsky, Lizabeth; Kaufman, Angela C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Rotstein, David S.] Marine Mammal Pathol Serv, Olney, MD 20832 USA.
[Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA.
[Haman, Katherine H.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Hlth & Genet Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Haman, Katherine H.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Haman, Katherine H.; Magargal, Spencer L.; Sweeny, Amy R.; Grigg, Michael E.] NIAID, Mol Parasitol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Barbieri, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Div, Hawaiian Monk Seal Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
EM michelle.barbieri@noaa.gov
FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIAID
FX This work was conducted under permits issued to the NMFS: 413, 657, 898,
848-1335, 848-1695, 10137, 16632, 932-1489, 932-1905, and 18786. The
Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program thanks the seasonal field staff,
cooperating veterinarians (G. Levine, R. Braun) and volunteers for their
assistance in emergency rescues and rehabilitation, data collection and
organization, necropsies and sample archiving. This study was supported,
in part, by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIAID
(M.E.G). M.E.G. is a scholar of the Canadian Institute for Advanced
Research (CIFAR) program for Integrated Microbial Diversity. We also
thank Jason Baker and Stacie Robinson for early reviews of this
manuscript, Mr. LeRoy Brown of Histology Consultation Services for slide
preparation, and S. Natarajan for his assistance with the molecular PCR
analyses.
NR 52
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U1 1
U2 1
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
EI 1616-1580
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD SEP 26
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 2
BP 85
EP 95
DI 10.3354/dao03047
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA EN0OW
UT WOS:000395710300001
ER
PT J
AU Mohr, PJ
Newell, DB
Taylor, BN
AF Mohr, Peter J.
Newell, David B.
Taylor, Barry N.
TI CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014
SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; ELECTRON
G-FACTOR; OSCILLATORY FIELD MEASUREMENT; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT;
FALL ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETERS; NRC WATT BALANCE; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; PLANCK
CONSTANT; LAMB SHIFT
AB This paper gives the 2014 self-consistent set of values of the constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA). These values are based on a least-squares adjustment that takes into account all data available up to 31 December 2014. Details of the data selection and methodology of the adjustment are described. The recommended values may also be found at physics.nist.gov/constants.
C1 [Mohr, Peter J.; Newell, David B.; Taylor, Barry N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mohr@nist.gov; dnewell@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov
FU CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants
FX This report was prepared by the authors under the auspices of the CODATA
Task Group on Fundamental Constants. The members of the task group are
F. Cabiati, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy; J.
Fischer, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany; J. Flowers
(deceased), National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom; K. Fujii,
National Metrology Institute of Japan, Japan; S. G. Karshenboim, Pulkovo
Observatory, Russian Federation and Max-Planck-Institut fur
Quantenoptik, Germany; E. de Mirandes, Bureau international des poids et
mesures; P. J. Mohr, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
United States of America; D. B. Newell, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, United States of America; F. Nez, Laboratoire
Kastler-Brossel, France; K. Pachucki, University of Warsaw, Poland; T.
J. Quinn, Bureau international des poids et mesures; C. Thomas, Bureau
international des poids et mesures; B. N. Taylor, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, United States of America; B. M. Wood, National
Research Council, Canada; and Z. Zhang, National Institute of Metrology,
People's Republic of China.
NR 261
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U1 21
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0034-6861
EI 1539-0756
J9 REV MOD PHYS
JI Rev. Mod. Phys.
PD SEP 26
PY 2016
VL 88
IS 3
AR 035009
DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009
PG 73
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DZ6NJ
UT WOS:000385978900001
ER
PT J
AU Yuan, GC
Wang, X
Wu, DC
Hammouda, B
AF Yuan, Guangcui
Wang, Xing
Wu, Decheng
Hammouda, Boualem
TI Structural analysis of dendrimers based on polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane and their assemblies in solution by small-angle neutron
scattering: Fits to a modified two correlation lengths model
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE Small-angle neutron scattering; Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane;
Modified two correlation lengths model
ID RAFT POLYMERIZATION; HYBRID POLYMERS; SOLID-STATE; POSS; NANOCOMPOSITES;
AMPHIPHILE; COPOLYMERS; CHEMISTRY; ACID); WATER
AB The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique has been used to investigate the structure of dendrimers based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in solution. Three generations and two distinct terminal groups (either vinyl or polyethylene glycol (PEG) terminal groups) as well as four concentrations for each dendrimer have been measured in deuterated tetrahydrofuran. Two main scattering regimes, one with a length scale of nm and the other with a length scale of sub-micron, are found to contribute to the SANS signals. In order to fit the SANS data, a new modified two correlation lengths model has been developed. Fit parameters include scale factors, correlation lengths, Porod exponents and "particle" elongation parameters. Our fit results show that the local structure does not correspond to single dendrimer molecules, but rather to POSS-rich domains surrounded by POSS-poor domains. The large-scale structure represents the overall morphology of multi-dendrimer aggregates. The flexible PEG outer links help to enhance the stability of inorganic POSS cages, and allow the hybrid polymers to adjust their conformation in order to respond to their surroundings. With increasing concentration, the local structure becomes more compact as evidenced by the decrease of correlation length and concurrent increase of the Porod exponent. The deformation of local structure during the compaction process is also observed. The structure becomes elongated at intermediate concentrations whereas it tends to be more globular at low and high concentrations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yuan, Guangcui; Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yuan, Guangcui] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Wang, Xing; Wu, Decheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
RP Yuan, GC; Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Wu, DC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM guangcui.yuan@nist.gov; dcwu@iccas.ac.cn; boualem.hammouda@nist.gov
FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; China National Science
Foundation [21504096]
FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by
the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply
that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon
activities supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under
Agreement No. DMR-1508249 and by the China National Science Foundation
(21504096).
NR 39
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Z9 1
U1 30
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
EI 1873-2291
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD SEP 25
PY 2016
VL 100
BP 119
EP 125
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.062
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA DW8SM
UT WOS:000383925800015
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, XQ
Zhang, B
Li, YQ
Wu, H
Zhang, H
Zhang, JY
Wang, SG
Huang, QZ
Shen, BG
AF Zheng, Xinqi
Zhang, Bo
Li, Yueqiao
Wu, Hui
Zhang, Hu
Zhang, Jingyan
Wang, Shouguo
Huang, Qingzhen
Shen, Baogen
TI Large magnetocaloric effect in Er12Co7 compound and the enhancement of
delta T-FWHM by Ho-substitution
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetocaloric effect; RE12Co7 compound; Magnetic refrigerant materials
ID MAGNETIC ENTROPY CHANGE; METAMAGNETIC TRANSITION; INTERMETALLIC
COMPOUNDS; TEMPERATURE SPAN; DY; REFRIGERATION; GD; ER
AB Polycrystalline monoclinic Er12Co7 compound with a large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was synthesized. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change (Delta S-M) under the field changes of 0-2 T and 0-5 T reach 10.2 J/kgK and 18.3 J/kgK, respectively. In order to gain further insight in understanding the MCE, samples with various Ho substitutions for Er were fabricated and studied. It was found that Ho-substitution makes a great impact on the magnetic properties and MCE of Ec(12)Co(7) compound. Through compositional optimization, the mixed product of Ho12Co7 and Er6Ho6Co7 with the weight ratio of 58:42 was tailored to exhibit the best MCE performance. The maximum value of Delta S-M, the full width at half maximum of Delta S-M-T curve and the refrigerant capacity of the mixed compound are calculated to be 16.7 J/kgK, 37.9 K and 522 J/kg, respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zheng, Xinqi; Zhang, Hu; Zhang, Jingyan; Wang, Shouguo] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Bo; Li, Yueqiao; Shen, Baogen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wang, SG (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM sgwang@ustb.edu.cn
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204
FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB643700];
National Natural Science Foundation of China [11274357, 51431009,
51501005, 11504019]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
Universities [FRF-TP-15-010A1, FRF-TP-15-005A1]
FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
(973 Program No. 2014CB643700), the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (Nos. 11274357, 51431009, 51501005 and 11504019) and the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.
FRF-TP-15-010A1 and FRF-TP-15-005A1).
NR 46
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U1 8
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
EI 1873-4669
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD SEP 25
PY 2016
VL 680
BP 617
EP 622
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.216
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DM1MI
UT WOS:000376109000084
ER
PT J
AU Telu, KH
Yan, XJ
Wallace, WE
Stein, SE
Simon-Manso, Y
AF Telu, Kelly H.
Yan, Xinjian
Wallace, William E.
Stein, Stephen E.
Simon-Manso, Yamil
TI Human Plasma Metabolites Measured with Different Liquid
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) Platforms
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE global metabolite profiling; human blood plasma; mass spectrometry;
non-targeted metabolomics; Standard Reference Material
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL
C1 [Telu, Kelly H.; Yan, Xinjian; Wallace, William E.; Stein, Stephen E.; Simon-Manso, Yamil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Telu, KH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kelly.telu@nist.gov; xinjian.yan@nist.gov; william.wallace@nist.gov;
stephen.stein@nist.gov; yamil.simon@nist.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP 23
PY 2016
VL 121
BP 434
EP 435
DI 10.6028/jres.121.022
PG 2
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA EA5DK
UT WOS:000386639400001
ER
PT J
AU Kourtchev, I
Godoi, RHM
Connors, S
Levine, JG
Archibald, AT
Godoi, AFL
Paralovo, SL
Barbosa, CGG
Souza, RAF
Manzi, AO
Seco, R
Sjostedt, S
Park, JH
Guenther, A
Kim, S
Smith, J
Martin, ST
Kalberer, M
AF Kourtchev, Ivan
Godoi, Ricardo H. M.
Connors, Sarah
Levine, James G.
Archibald, Alex T.
Godoi, Ana F. L.
Paralovo, Sarah L.
Barbosa, Cybelli G. G.
Souza, Rodrigo A. F.
Manzi, Antonio O.
Seco, Roger
Sjostedt, Steve
Park, Jeong-Hoo
Guenther, Alex
Kim, Saewung
Smith, James
Martin, Scot T.
Kalberer, Markus
TI Molecular composition of organic aerosols in central Amazonia: an
ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry study
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PRIMARY ALIPHATIC-AMINES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;
CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; BIOGENIC
HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; TRACE GASES;
ORGANOSULFATES; ISOPRENE
AB The Amazon Basin plays key role in atmospheric chemistry, biodiversity and climate change. In this study we applied nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) for the analysis of the organic fraction of PM2.5 aerosol samples collected during dry and wet seasons at a site in central Amazonia receiving background air masses, biomass burning and urban pollution. Comprehensive mass spectral data evaluation methods (e.g. Kendrick mass defect, Van Krevelen diagrams, carbon oxidation state and aromaticity equivalent) were used to identify compound classes and mass distributions of the detected species. Nitrogen-and/or sulfur-containing organic species contributed up to 60% of the total identified number of formulae. A large number of molecular formulae in organic aerosol (OA) were attributed to later-generation nitrogen- and sulfur-containing oxidation products, suggesting that OA composition is affected by biomass burning and other, potentially anthropogenic, sources. Isoprene-derived organosulfate (IEPOX-OS) was found to be the most dominant ion in most of the analysed samples and strongly followed the concentration trends of the gas-phase anthropogenic tracers confirming its mixed anthropogenic-biogenic origin. The presence of oxidised aromatic and nitro-aromatic compounds in the samples suggested a strong influence from biomass burning especially during the dry period. Aerosol samples from the dry period and under enhanced biomass burning conditions contained a large number of molecules with high carbon oxidation state and an increased number of aromatic compounds compared to that from the wet period. The results of this work demonstrate that the studied site is influenced not only by biogenic emissions from the forest but also by biomass burning and potentially other anthropogenic emissions from the neighbouring urban environments.
C1 [Kourtchev, Ivan; Connors, Sarah; Archibald, Alex T.; Kalberer, Markus] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Kourtchev, Ivan] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland.
[Kourtchev, Ivan] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland.
[Godoi, Ricardo H. M.; Godoi, Ana F. L.; Paralovo, Sarah L.; Barbosa, Cybelli G. G.] Univ Fed Parana, Environm Engn Dept, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
[Levine, James G.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
[Archibald, Alex T.] Univ Cambridge, NCAS Climate, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Souza, Rodrigo A. F.] State Univ Amazonas, Av Darcy Vergas 1200, BR-69065020 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
[Manzi, Antonio O.] INPA, Clima & Ambiente CLIAMB, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
[Seco, Roger; Guenther, Alex; Kim, Saewung] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Sjostedt, Steve] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Park, Jeong-Hoo] Natl Inst Environm Res, Air Qual Forecasting Ctr, Inchon, South Korea.
[Guenther, Alex] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA.
[Smith, James] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA.
[Smith, James] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Martin, Scot T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Martin, Scot T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Kourtchev, I; Kalberer, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.; Kourtchev, I (reprint author), Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland.; Kourtchev, I (reprint author), Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland.
EM i.kourtchev@ucc.ie; markus.kalberer@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk
RI Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Martin,
Scot/G-1094-2015; Smith, James/C-5614-2008
OI Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956; Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554;
Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224
FU ERC [279405]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research
[DE-SC0011122]; Central Office of the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere
Experiment in Amazonia (LBA); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Amazonia (INPA); Universidade do Estado do Amazonia (UEA)
FX Research at the University of Cambridge was supported by ERC grant no.
279405. The authors would like to thank Jason Surratt (University of
North Carolina) for providing a synthesised IEPOX-OS standard.
O3, CO, NOy, RH and rain data were obtained from
the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility, a
U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0011122) Office of Science user
facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental
Research. We acknowledge the support from the Central Office of the
Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), the
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), and the Universidade
do Estado do Amazonia (UEA). The work was conducted under 001030/2012-4
of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological
Development (CNPq).
NR 88
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 37
U2 37
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 23
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 18
BP 11899
EP 11913
DI 10.5194/acp-16-11899-2016
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX7DS
UT WOS:000384547200006
ER
PT J
AU Gilbert, I
Chen, PJ
Gopman, DB
Balk, AL
Pierce, DT
Stiles, MD
Unguris, J
AF Gilbert, Ian
Chen, P. J.
Gopman, Daniel B.
Balk, Andrew L.
Pierce, Daniel T.
Stiles, Mark D.
Unguris, John
TI Nanoscale imaging of magnetization reversal driven by spin-orbit torque
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TOPOLOGICAL INSULATOR; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DOMAIN-WALLS; FIELD;
FERROMAGNETISM; DYNAMICS; LAYER
AB We use scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis to image deterministic, spin-orbit torque-driven magnetization reversal of in-plane magnetized CoFeB rectangles in zero applied magnetic field. The spin-orbit torque is generated by running a current through heavy metal microstrips, either Pt or Ta, upon which the CoFeB rectangles are deposited. We image the CoFeB magnetization before and after a current pulse to see the effect of spin-orbit torque on the magnetic nanostructure. The observed changes in magnetic structure can be complex, deviating significantly from a simple macrospin approximation, especially in larger elements. Overall, however, the directions of the magnetization reversal in the Pt and Ta devices are opposite, consistent with the opposite signs of the spin Hall angles of these materials. Our results elucidate the effects of current density, geometry, and magnetic domain structure on magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque.
C1 [Gilbert, Ian; Balk, Andrew L.; Pierce, Daniel T.; Stiles, Mark D.; Unguris, John] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, P. J.; Gopman, Daniel B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Balk, Andrew L.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Balk, Andrew L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Gilbert, I (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ian.gilbert@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology [R13.0004.04, N09.0017.07]; National Research
Council's Research Associateship Program; University of Maryland;
National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology [70NANB10H193]
FX This project was supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology under Projects
No. R13.0004.04 and No. N09.0017.07 (nanofabrication). I.G. acknowledges
support from the National Research Council's Research Associateship
Program. A.L.B. acknowledges support of this research under the
Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and
the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University
of Maryland. We thank S. Crooker for assistance with the MOKE
measurements.
NR 45
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 20
U2 20
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 23
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 9
AR 094429
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.094429
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DW7VS
UT WOS:000383861500004
ER
PT J
AU Captur, G
Gatehouse, P
Keenan, KE
Heslinga, FG
Bruehl, R
Prothmann, M
Graves, MJ
Eames, RJ
Torlasco, C
Benedetti, G
Donovan, J
Ittermann, B
Boubertakh, R
Bathgate, A
Royet, C
Pang, WJ
Nezafat, R
Salerno, M
Kellman, P
Moon, JC
AF Captur, Gabriella
Gatehouse, Peter
Keenan, Kathryn E.
Heslinga, Friso G.
Bruehl, Ruediger
Prothmann, Marcel
Graves, Martin J.
Eames, Richard J.
Torlasco, Camilla
Benedetti, Giulia
Donovan, Jacqueline
Ittermann, Bernd
Boubertakh, Redha
Bathgate, Andrew
Royet, Celine
Pang, Wenjie
Nezafat, Reza
Salerno, Michael
Kellman, Peter
Moon, James C.
TI A medical device-grade T1 and ECV phantom for global T1 mapping quality
assurance-the T-1 Mapping and ECV Standardization in cardiovascular
magnetic resonance (T1MES) program
SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE T-1 mapping; Standardization; Phantom
ID RELAXATION; HEART; FIELD; PRECISION; ACCURACY; WATER
AB Background: T-1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) have the potential to guide patient care and serve as surrogate end-points in clinical trials, but measurements differ between cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scanners and pulse sequences. To help deliver T-1 mapping to global clinical care, we developed a phantom-based quality assurance (QA) system for verification of measurement stability over time at individual sites, with further aims of generalization of results across sites, vendor systems, software versions and imaging sequences. We thus created T1MES: The T1 Mapping and ECV Standardization Program.
Methods: A design collaboration consisting of a specialist MRI small-medium enterprise, clinicians, physicists and national metrology institutes was formed. A phantom was designed covering clinically relevant ranges of T-1 and T-2 in blood and myocardium, pre and post-contrast, for 1.5 T and 3 T. Reproducible mass manufacture was established. The device received regulatory clearance by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Conformite Europeene (CE) marking.
Results: The T1MES phantom is an agarose gel-based phantom using nickel chloride as the paramagnetic relaxation modifier. It was reproducibly specified and mass-produced with a rigorously repeatable process. Each phantom contains nine differently-doped agarose gel tubes embedded in a gel/beads matrix. Phantoms were free of air bubbles and susceptibility artifacts at both field strengths and T-1 maps were free from off-resonance artifacts. The incorporation of high-density polyethylene beads in the main gel fill was effective at flattening the B-1 field. T-1 and T-2 values measured in T1MES showed coefficients of variation of 1 % or less between repeat scans indicating good short-term reproducibility. Temperature dependency experiments confirmed that over the range 15-30 degrees C the short-T-1 tubes were more stable with temperature than the long-T-1 tubes. A batch of 69 phantoms was mass-produced with random sampling of ten of these showing coefficients of variations for T-1 of 0.64 +/- 0.45 % and 0.49 +/- 0.34 % at 1.5 T and 3 T respectively.
Conclusion: The T1MES program has developed a T-1 mapping phantom to CE/FDA manufacturing standards. An initial 69 phantoms with a multi-vendor user manual are now being scanned fortnightly in centers worldwide. Future results will explore T-1 mapping sequences, platform performance, stability and the potential for standardization.
C1 [Captur, Gabriella] Inst Child Hlth, UCL Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, 30 Guilford St, London, England.
[Captur, Gabriella] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, 30 Guilford St, London, England.
[Captur, Gabriella; Moon, James C.] NIHR Univ Coll London Hosp Biomed Res Ctr, Maple House Suite,Tottenham Court Rd, London W1T 7DN, England.
[Captur, Gabriella; Moon, James C.] St Bartholomews Hosp, Barts Heart Ctr, London EC1A 7BE, England.
[Gatehouse, Peter] Royal Brompton Hosp, CMR Dept, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP, England.
[Keenan, Kathryn E.] NIST, MS 818-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Heslinga, Friso G.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Biomagnet Grp, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Heslinga, Friso G.] Univ Twente, MIRA Inst Biomed Technol & Tech Med, NeuroImaging Grp, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
[Bruehl, Ruediger; Ittermann, Bernd] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[Prothmann, Marcel] Humboldt Univ, ECRC, Charite Med Fac, Cardiol, Berlin, Germany.
[Prothmann, Marcel] HELIOS Clin, Berlin, Germany.
[Graves, Martin J.] Cambridge Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge, England.
[Eames, Richard J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BB, England.
[Torlasco, Camilla] Univ Milano Bicocca, Piazza Ateneo Nuovo 1, I-20100 Milan, Italy.
[Benedetti, Giulia] Osped San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, I-20132 Milan, Italy.
[Donovan, Jacqueline] Royal Brompton Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP, England.
[Boubertakh, Redha] Queen Mary Univ London, Barts & London Sch Med & Dent, Cardiovasc Biomed Res Unit, London, England.
[Bathgate, Andrew; Royet, Celine; Pang, Wenjie] Resonance Hlth, 278 Stirling Highway, Claremont, WA 6010, Australia.
[Nezafat, Reza] Harvard Med Sch, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc, Dept Med, Cardiol East Campus,Room E-SH455, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Salerno, Michael] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, 1215 Lee St,POB 800158, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA.
[Kellman, Peter] NHLBI, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Room B1D416,MSC1061, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Moon, James C.] UCL, UCL Inst Cardiovasc Sci, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
RP Moon, JC (reprint author), NIHR Univ Coll London Hosp Biomed Res Ctr, Maple House Suite,Tottenham Court Rd, London W1T 7DN, England.; Moon, JC (reprint author), St Bartholomews Hosp, Barts Heart Ctr, London EC1A 7BE, England.; Moon, JC (reprint author), UCL, UCL Inst Cardiovasc Sci, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
EM j.moon@ucl.ac.uk
OI Heslinga, Friso/0000-0002-8383-307X
FU European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI part of the ESC)
Imaging Research Grant; UK National Institute of Health Research (NIHR)
Biomedical Research Center (BRC) Cardiometabolic Research Grant at
University College London (UCL) [BRC/199/JM/101320]; Barts Charity
Research Grant [1107/2356/MRC0140]; National Institute for Health
Research Rare Diseases Translational Research Collaboration (NIHR
RD-TRC); NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Center; UCL Hospital
NIHR BRC at Barts Hospital; UCL Hospital Biomedical Research Unit at
Barts Hospital; NIHR BRC award; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research
Unit support at Royal Brompton Hospital London UK
FX This project has been funded by a European Association of Cardiovascular
Imaging (EACVI part of the ESC) Imaging Research Grant, a UK National
Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC)
Cardiometabolic Research Grant at University College London (UCL,
#BRC/199/JM/101320), and a Barts Charity Research Grant
(#1107/2356/MRC0140). G.C. is supported by the National Institute for
Health Research Rare Diseases Translational Research Collaboration (NIHR
RD-TRC) and by the NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Center. J.C.M.
is directly and indirectly supported by the UCL Hospitals NIHR BRC and
Biomedical Research Unit at Barts Hospital respectively. This work was
in part supported by an NIHR BRC award to Cambridge University Hospitals
NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit
support at Royal Brompton Hospital London UK.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1097-6647
EI 1532-429X
J9 J CARDIOVASC MAGN R
JI J. Cardiov. Magn. Reson.
PD SEP 22
PY 2016
VL 18
AR 58
DI 10.1186/s12968-016-0280-z
PG 20
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA EA2ZK
UT WOS:000386466400001
PM 27660042
ER
PT J
AU Hazen, EL
Carlisle, AB
Wilson, SG
Ganong, JE
Castleton, MR
Schallert, RJ
Stokesbury, MJW
Bograd, SJ
Block, BA
AF Hazen, Elliott L.
Carlisle, Aaron B.
Wilson, Steven G.
Ganong, James E.
Castleton, Michael R.
Schallert, Robert J.
Stokesbury, Michael J. W.
Bograd, Steven J.
Block, Barbara A.
TI Quantifying overlap between the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and
predicted bluefin tuna spawning habitat in the Gulf of Mexico
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID DYNAMIC OCEAN MANAGEMENT; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; THUNNUS-THYNNUS;
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL MANAGEMENT; BREEDING GROUNDS; ELECTRONIC
TAGS; THERMAL BIOLOGY; DIVING BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are distributed throughout the North Atlantic and are both economically valuable and heavily exploited. The fishery is currently managed as two spawning populations, with the GOM population being severely depleted for over 20 years. In April-August of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill released approximately 4 million barrels of oil into the GOM, with severe ecosystem and economic impacts. Acute oil exposure results in mortality of bluefin eggs and larvae, while chronic effects on spawning adults are less well understood. Here we used 16 years of electronic tagging data for 66 bluefin tuna to identify spawning events, to quantify habitat preferences, and to predict habitat use and oil exposure within Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds. More than 54,000 km(2) (5%) of predicted spawning habitat within the US EEZ was oiled during the week of peak oil dispersal, with potentially lethal effects on eggs and larvae. Although the oil spill overlapped with a relatively small portion of predicted spawning habitat, the cumulative impact from oil, ocean warming and bycatch mortality on GOM spawning grounds may result in significant effects for a population that shows little evidence of rebuilding.
C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Carlisle, Aaron B.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA SWFSC, Environm Res Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Hazen, Elliott L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Carlisle, Aaron B.; Wilson, Steven G.; Ganong, James E.; Castleton, Michael R.; Schallert, Robert J.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Stokesbury, Michael J. W.] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), NOAA SWFSC, Environm Res Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.; Hazen, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM Elliott.Hazen@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration; Stanford University; TAG A Giant;
Monterey Bay Aquarium; Canada Research Chair in Ecology of Coastal
Environments
FX We thank the Captains and crews of the many fishing vessels involved in
tagging Atlantic bluefin tuna particularly in Canada and North Carolina.
Numerous members of the Tuna Research and Conservation Center and TAG A
Giant helped in the lab and field through the years including Danny
Coffey, Ethan Estess, Jake Nogueira, Charles Farwell, Randy Kochevar,
Shana Miller, Andre Boustany Steve Teo, Gaelin Rosenwaks, Sal Jorgensen,
and George Shillinger. We thank Alan Swithenbank for contributions in
the lab for data management and analyses. In Canada we graciously thank
the satellite tag recovery team, particular Jeff Beardsall and Aaron
Spares, from Dalhousie and Acadia Universities for assisting in recovery
of tags. We thank Captain Dennis Cameron and his crew of the Bay Queen
IV, for always being able to assist. The Canadian fishers of Port Hood
and Prince Edward Island Canada are particularly invested in the effort
that led to the data set, and we thank everyone who helped. We are
indebted to Troy Baker of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) for his advice and financial support as part of
the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) efforts. We also thank
Drs. Heidi Dewar and Toby Garfield for their critical reviews. Last but
not least, we are indebted to Dave Foley for his vision of integrating
satellite products into fisheries research and management, without whom
this project would not have been conceived or completed. Scientific
fishing licenses were issued by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans
Canada and NOAA tagging permits in North Carolina waters. All
experimental protocols were approved by the Administrative Panel on
Laboratory Animal Care of Stanford University and the Acadia Animal Care
Committee. This work was supported by grants from the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration including Natural Resource Damage
Assessment and the Integrated Ecosystem Assessment program funds. We
deeply thank Stanford University, TAG A Giant, and the Monterey Bay
Aquarium for funding contributions to the North Carolina and Canadian
tagging efforts. Dr. Stokebury is supported by the Canada Research Chair
in Ecology of Coastal Environments.
NR 75
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 17
U2 17
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD SEP 22
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 33824
DI 10.1038/srep33824
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DW5NM
UT WOS:000383692600001
PM 27654709
ER
PT J
AU Mundy, JA
Brooks, CM
Holtz, ME
Moyer, JA
Das, H
Rebola, AF
Heron, JT
Clarkson, JD
Disseler, SM
Liu, ZQ
Farhan, A
Held, R
Hovden, R
Padgett, E
Mao, QY
Paik, H
Misra, R
Kourkoutis, LF
Arenholz, E
Scholl, A
Borchers, JA
Ratcliff, WD
Ramesh, R
Fennie, CJ
Schiffer, P
Muller, DA
Schlom, DG
AF Mundy, Julia A.
Brooks, Charles M.
Holtz, Megan E.
Moyer, Jarrett A.
Das, Hena
Rebola, Alejandro F.
Heron, John T.
Clarkson, James D.
Disseler, Steven M.
Liu, Zhiqi
Farhan, Alan
Held, Rainer
Hovden, Robert
Padgett, Elliot
Mao, Qingyun
Paik, Hanjong
Misra, Rajiv
Kourkoutis, Lena F.
Arenholz, Elke
Scholl, Andreas
Borchers, Julie A.
Ratcliff, William D.
Ramesh, Ramamoorthy
Fennie, Craig J.
Schiffer, Peter
Muller, David A.
Schlom, Darrell G.
TI Atomically engineered ferroic layers yield a room - temperature
magnetoelectric multiferroic
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZATION; LUFE2O4; FILMS; OXIDE; FERROELECTRICITY; FERROMAGNETISM;
MAGNETIZATION; MICROSCOPY
AB Materials that exhibit simultaneous order in their electric and magnetic ground states hold promise for use in next-generation memory devices in which electric fields control magnetism(1,2). Such materials are exceedingly rare, however, owing to competing requirements for displacive ferroelectricity and magnetism(3). Despite the recent identification of several new multiferroic materials and magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms(4-15), known single-phase multiferroics remain limited by antiferromagnetic or weak ferromagnetic alignments, by a lack of coupling between the order parameters, or by having properties that emerge only well below room temperature, precluding device applications(2). Here we present a methodology for constructing single-phase multiferroic materials in which ferroelectricity and strong magnetic ordering are coupled near room temperature. Starting with hexagonal LuFeO3-the geometric ferroelectric with the greatest known planar rumpling(16)-we introduce individual monolayers of FeO during growth to construct formula-unit-thick syntactic layers of ferrimagnetic LuFe2O4 (refs 17, 18) within the LuFeO3 matrix, that is, (LuFeO3)(m)/(LuFe2O4)(1) superlattices. The severe rumpling imposed by the neighbouring LuFeO3 drives the ferrimagnetic LuFe2O4 into a simultaneously ferroelectric state, while also reducing the LuFe2O4 spin frustration. This increases the magnetic transition temperature substantially-from 240 kelvin for LuFe2O4 (ref. 18) to 281 kelvin for (LuFeO3)(9)/(LuFe2O4)(1). Moreover, the ferroelectric order couples to the ferrimagnetism, enabling direct electric-field control of magnetism at 200 kelvin. Our results demonstrate a design methodology for creating higher-temperature magnetoelectric multiferroics by exploiting a combination of geometric frustration, lattice distortions and epitaxial engineering.
C1 [Mundy, Julia A.; Holtz, Megan E.; Das, Hena; Rebola, Alejandro F.; Hovden, Robert; Padgett, Elliot; Mao, Qingyun; Kourkoutis, Lena F.; Fennie, Craig J.; Muller, David A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Brooks, Charles M.; Heron, John T.; Held, Rainer; Paik, Hanjong; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Moyer, Jarrett A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Moyer, Jarrett A.; Schiffer, Peter] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Heron, John T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA.
[Clarkson, James D.; Liu, Zhiqi; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Disseler, Steven M.; Borchers, Julie A.; Ratcliff, William D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Farhan, Alan; Arenholz, Elke; Scholl, Andreas] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Misra, Rajiv] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Kourkoutis, Lena F.; Muller, David A.; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Kavli Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Schlom, DG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM schlom@cornell.edu
RI Farhan, Alan/N-7288-2016;
OI Farhan, Alan/0000-0002-2384-2249; Kourkoutis, Lena/0000-0002-1303-1362
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002334]; National Science
Foundation [ECCS-15420819, DGE-1144153]; National Science Foundation
(NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers programme [DMR
1120296]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Army Research Office; National
Science Foundation; C-SPINS, one of six centres of STARnet, a
Semiconductor Research Corporation programme - MARCO; DARPA;
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) [2014-IN-2534]; SRC-FAME, one
of six centres of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation
programme - MARCO; National Research Council NIST; NSF [EEC-1160504];
Swiss National Science Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation
FX We acknowledge discussions with G. Stiehl, R. Haislmaier, A. SenGupta,
V. Gopalan, W. Wang, W. Wu and E. Barnard and technical support with the
electron microscopy from E. J. Kirkland, M. Thomas and J. Grazul.
Research primarily supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering,
under Award No. DE-SC0002334, which supported the work of J.A.Mu.
(2010-2014), C.M.B., M.E.H., J.A.Mo., H.D., A.F.R., R.He., Q.M., H.P.,
R.M., C.J.F., P.S., D.A.M. and D.G.S. Substrate preparation was
performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the
National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI), which is
supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECCS-15420819). The
electron microscopy studies made use of the electron microscopy facility
of the Cornell Center for Materials Research, a National Science
Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers
programme (DMR 1120296) and NSF IMR-0417392. X-ray dichroism was
performed at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department
of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J.A.Mu. acknowledges
fellowship support from the Army Research Office in the form of a
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and from
the National Science Foundation in the form of a Graduate Research
Fellowship. J.A.Mu. was funded (July 2015-) by C-SPINS, one of six
centres of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation programme,
sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. J.T.H. acknowledges support from the
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) under grant 2014-IN-2534.
J.D.C. acknowledges support from SRC-FAME, one of six centres of
STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation programme sponsored by
MARCO and DARPA. S.M.D. acknowledges the support of a National Research
Council NIST postdoctoral research associateship. Z.L. acknowledges
support from the NSF under Grant No. EEC-1160504 NSF Nanosystems
Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale
Multiferroic Systems (TANMS). A.F. is supported by the Swiss National
Science Foundation. R.Ho. and L.F.K. acknowledge support by the David
and Lucile Packard Foundation. E.P. acknowledges support from the
National Science Foundation in the form of a Graduate Research
Fellowship (DGE-1144153). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or
materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available
for the purpose.
NR 51
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 126
U2 126
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
EI 1476-4687
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD SEP 22
PY 2016
VL 537
IS 7621
BP 523
EP +
DI 10.1038/nature19343
PG 19
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DW3MO
UT WOS:000383545900050
PM 27652564
ER
PT J
AU Kozlov, MG
Safronova, MS
Porsev, SG
Tupitsyn, II
AF Kozlov, M. G.
Safronova, M. S.
Porsev, S. G.
Tupitsyn, I. I.
TI Effective three-particle forces in polyvalent atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID LORENTZ SYMMETRY; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; CONSTANTS; IONS; POLARIZABILITIES;
ELECTRONS
AB We study the effective three-particle interactions between valence electrons, which are induced by the core polarization. Such interactions are enhanced when valence orbitals have a strong overlap with the outermost core shell, in particular, for systems with partially filled f shells. We find that in certain cases the three-particle contributions are large, affecting the order of the energy levels, and need to be included in high-precision calculations.
C1 [Kozlov, M. G.; Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia.
[Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrochem Univ LETI, Prof Popov St 5, St Petersburg 197376, Russia.
[Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DC 19716 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA.
[Tupitsyn, I. I.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Ulianovskaya 1, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
RP Kozlov, MG (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia.; Kozlov, MG (reprint author), St Petersburg Electrochem Univ LETI, Prof Popov St 5, St Petersburg 197376, Russia.
RI Tupitsyn, Ilya/J-6611-2013
OI Tupitsyn, Ilya/0000-0001-9237-5667
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-02-00241]; U.S. NSF
[PHY-1404156, PHY-1520993]; Grant SPbSU [11.38.261.2014]
FX This work is partly supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Grant No. 14-02-00241 and by U.S. NSF Grants No. PHY-1404156 and No.
PHY-1520993. One of us (I.T.) acknowledges support from Grant SPbSU No.
11.38.261.2014.
NR 40
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 22
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 3
AR 032512
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032512
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DW7UI
UT WOS:000383857300003
ER
PT J
AU Stockwell, CE
Jayarathne, T
Cochrane, MA
Ryan, KC
Putra, EI
Saharjo, BH
Nurhayati, AD
Albar, I
Blake, DR
Simpson, IJ
Stone, EA
Yokelson, RJ
AF Stockwell, Chelsea E.
Jayarathne, Thilina
Cochrane, Mark A.
Ryan, Kevin C.
Putra, Erianto I.
Saharjo, Bambang H.
Nurhayati, Ati D.
Albar, Israr
Blake, Donald R.
Simpson, Isobel J.
Stone, Elizabeth A.
Yokelson, Robert J.
TI Field measurements of trace gases and aerosols emitted by peat fires in
Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Nino
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FLIGHT
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BROWN CARBON; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION;
PARTICULATE MATTER; PRESCRIBED FIRES; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; CROP RESIDUE
AB Peat fires in Southeast Asia have become a major annual source of trace gases and particles to the regional-global atmosphere. The assessment of their influence on atmospheric chemistry, climate, air quality, and health has been uncertain partly due to a lack of field measurements of the smoke characteristics. During the strong 2015 El Nino event we deployed a mobile smoke sampling team in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan on the island of Borneo and made the first, or rare, field measurements of trace gases, aerosol optical properties, and aerosol mass emissions for authentic peat fires burning at various depths in different peat types. This paper reports the trace gas and aerosol measurements obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whole air sampling, photoacoustic extinctiometers (405 and 870 nm), and a small subset of the data from analyses of particulate filters. The trace gas measurements provide emission factors (EFs; grams of a compound per kilogram biomass burned) for up to similar to 90 gases, including CO2, CO, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons up to C-10, 15 oxygenated organic compounds, NH3, HCN, NO , OCS, HCl, etc. The modified combustion efficiency (MCE) of the smoke sources ranged from 0.693 to 0.835 with an average of 0.772 +/- 0.053 (n = 35), indicating essentially pure smoldering combustion, and the emissions were not initially strongly lofted. The major trace gas emissions by mass (EF as g kg(-1)) were carbon dioxide (1564 +/- 77), carbon monoxide (291 +/- 49), methane (9.51 +/- 4.74), hydrogen cyanide (5.75 +/- 1.60), acetic acid (3.89 +/- 1.65), ammonia (2.86 +/- 1.00), methanol (2.14 +/- 1.22), ethane (1.52 +/- 0.66), dihydrogen (1.22 +/- 1.01), propylene (1.07 +/- 0.53), propane (0.989 +/- 0.644), ethylene (0.961 +/- 0.528), benzene (0.954 +/- 0.394), formaldehyde (0.867 +/- 0.479), hydroxyacetone (0.860 +/- 0.433), furan (0.772 +/- 0.035), acetaldehyde (0.697 +/- 0.460), and acetone (0.691 +/- 0.356). These field data support significant revision of the EFs for CO2 (-8%), CH4 (-55 %), NH3 (86 %), CO (+39 %), and other gases compared with widely used recommendations for tropical peat fires based on a lab study of a single sample published in 2003. BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) are important air toxics and aerosol precursors and were emitted in total at 1.5 +/- 0.6 g kg(-1). Formaldehyde is probably the air toxic gas most likely to cause local exposures that exceed recommended levels. The field results from Kalimantan were in reasonable agreement with recent lab measurements of smoldering Kalimantan peat for "overlap species," lending importance to the lab finding that burning peat produces large emissions of acetamide, acrolein, methylglyoxal, etc., which were not measurable in the field with the deployed equipment and implying value in continued similar efforts. The aerosol optical data measured include EFs for the scattering and absorption coefficients (EF B-scat and EF B-abs, m(2) kg(-1) fuel burned) and the single scattering albedo (SSA) at 870 and 405 nm, as well as the absorption Angstrom exponents (AAE).
By coupling the absorption and co-located trace gas and filter data we estimated black carbon (BC) EFs (g kg(-1)) and the mass absorption coefficient (MAC, m(2) g(-1)) for the bulk organic carbon (OC) due to brown carbon (BrC). Consistent with the minimal flaming, the emissions of BC were negligible (0.0055 +/- 0.0016 g kg(-1)). Aerosol absorption at 405 nm was +/- 52 times larger than at 870 nm and BrC contributed +/- 96% of the absorption at 405 nm. Average AAE was 4.97 +/- 0.65 (range, 4.29-6.23). The average SSA at 405 nm (0.974 +/- 0.016) was marginally lower than the average SSA at 870 nm (0.998 +/- 0.001). These data facilitate modeling climate-relevant aerosol optical properties across much of the UV/visible spectrum and the high AAE and lower SSA at 405 nm demonstrate the dominance of absorption by the organic aerosol. Comparing the B abs at 405 nm to the simultaneously measured OC mass on filters suggests a low MAC (similar to 0.1) for the bulk OC, as expected for the low BC/OC ratio in the aerosol. The importance of pyrolysis (at lower MCE), as opposed to glowing (at higher MCE), in producing BrC is seen in the increase of AAE with lower MCE (r(2) = 0.65).
C1 [Stockwell, Chelsea E.; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Jayarathne, Thilina; Stone, Elizabeth A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Cochrane, Mark A.; Putra, Erianto I.] South Dakota State Univ, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57006 USA.
[Ryan, Kevin C.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA.
[Putra, Erianto I.; Saharjo, Bambang H.; Nurhayati, Ati D.; Albar, Israr] Bogor Agr Univ, Fac Forestry, Bogor, ID 16680 USA.
[Blake, Donald R.; Simpson, Isobel J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Stockwell, Chelsea E.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ryan, Kevin C.] FireTree Wildland Fire Sci LLC, Missoula, MT 59801 USA.
RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu
RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011
OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808
FU NASA [NNX13AP46G, NNX14AP45G]; NSF [AGS-1349976]
FX This research was primarily supported by NASA grant NNX13AP46G to SDSU
and UM. The research was also supported by NASA grant NNX14AP45G to UM.
Purchase and preparation of the PAXs was supported by NSF grant
AGS-1349976 to R. Y. We thank G. McMeeking, J. Walker, and S. Murphy for
helpful discussions on the PAX instruments and data analysis. This work
would not have been possible without the excellent support provided by
the BOS office in Palangkaraya, notably Laura Graham, Grahame Applegate,
and the BOS field team.
NR 94
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 21
U2 21
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 21
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 18
BP 11711
EP 11732
DI 10.5194/acp-16-11711-2016
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EF8OP
UT WOS:000390588800001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, G
Chu, PH
Pu, BY
He, ZY
Kleinhenz, N
Yuan, ZB
Mao, YM
Wang, HZ
Reichmanis, E
AF Wang, Gang
Chu, Ping-Hsun
Pu, Boyi
He, Zhongyuan
Kleinhenz, Nabil
Yuan, Zhibo
Mao, Yimin
Wang, Hongzhi
Reichmanis, Elsa
TI Conjugated Polymer Alignment: Synergisms Derived from Microfluidic Shear
Design and UV Irradiation
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE microfluidic shear; conjugated polymers; charge transport; alignment
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR THIN-FILMS; FLOW-INDUCED
CRYSTALLIZATION; HIGH-MOBILITY; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ORGANIC TRANSISTORS;
HIGH-PERFORMANCE; SOLAR-CELLS; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ELECTRONICS
AB Solution- shearing has attracted great interest for the fabrication of robust and reliable, highl3erformance organic electronic devices,,owing to applicability of the Method to large area and continuous fabrication, as well as its propensity to enhance seiniconductoriCharge transport characteristics. To date, effects of the design of the blade-shear features (especially the microfluidic shear design) and the prospect of synergistically combining the shear approach with an alternate process strategy have,,'not been investigated.'" Here, generic "thin film.. fabrication concept. that enhanced' conjugated polymer intermolecular alignment and aggregation, improved orientation (both nanoscale and long-range), and narrowed the 7L Yr stacking distance is demonstrated for the first time. The- impact of the design of shearing blade microfluidic channels arid-synergistic effects of fluid shearing design with concomitant irradiation strategies were demonstrated,, enabling fabrication of polymer-based devices with requisite morphologies for a range of applications.
C1 [Wang, Gang; Chu, Ping-Hsun; Pu, Boyi; Reichmanis, Elsa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Wang, Gang; He, Zhongyuan; Wang, Hongzhi] Donghua Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China.
[Kleinhenz, Nabil; Yuan, Zhibo; Reichmanis, Elsa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Reichmanis, Elsa] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Mao, Yimin] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Mao, Yimin] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, Gang] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Pu, Boyi] Appl Mat Inc, Emerging Technol Prod, 3050 Bowers Ave, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA.
RP Reichmanis, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Wang, HZ (reprint author), Donghua Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China.; Reichmanis, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Reichmanis, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM wanghz@dhu.edu.cn; ereichmanis@chbe.gatech.edu
RI Fu, Boyi/O-2079-2015
OI Fu, Boyi/0000-0001-9012-9059
FU Georgia Institute of Technology; National Science Foundation [CBET
1264555]; China Scholarship Council; NSF NESAC IGERT Traineeship program
[DGE-1069138]; NSF of China [51572046, 51503035]; Brook Byers Institute
for Sustainable Systems at Georgia Tech; Georgia Tech Polymer Network
FX The financial support of the Georgia Institute of Technology and the
National Science Foundation (CBET 1264555) is gratefully acknowledged.
G.W. thanks the China Scholarship Council for Fellowship support. N.K.
thanks the NSF NESAC IGERT Traineeship program (DGE-1069138). G.W.,
Z.H., and H.W. are grateful for support from NSF of China (51572046 and
51503035), and Eastern Scholar. E.R. is also grateful for support from
the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems at Georgia Tech, and
the Georgia Tech Polymer Network. We also appreciate time spent with
Prof. Martha Grover and Nils Persson in helpful discussions.
NR 59
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 22
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD SEP 21
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 37
BP 24761
EP 24772
DI 10.1021/acsami.6b07548
PG 12
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DX0EC
UT WOS:000384033600058
PM 27564549
ER
PT J
AU Bacheler, NM
Schobernd, ZH
Berrane, DJ
Schobernd, CM
Mitchell, WA
Teer, BZ
Gregalis, KC
Glasgow, DM
AF Bacheler, Nathan M.
Schobernd, Zebulon H.
Berrane, David J.
Schobernd, Christina M.
Mitchell, Warren A.
Teer, Bradford Z.
Gregalis, Kevan C.
Glasgow, Dawn M.
TI Spatial Distribution of Reef Fish Species along the Southeast US
Atlantic Coast Inferred from Underwater Video Survey Data
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; TRAP; HABITAT; ABUNDANCE;
ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; STATIONS; CATCHES
AB Marine fish abundance and distribution often varies across spatial scales for a variety of reasons, and this variability has significant ecological and management consequences. We quantified the distribution of reef-associated fish species along the southeast United States Atlantic coast using underwater video survey samples (N = 4,855 in 2011-2014) to elucidate variability within species across space, depths, and habitats, as well as describe broad-scale patterns in species richness. Thirty-two species were seen at least 10 times on video, and the most commonly observed species were red porgy (Pagrus pagrus; 41.4% of videos), gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus; 31.0%), black sea bass (Centropristis striata; 29.1%), vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens; 27.7%), and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; 22.6%). Using generalized additive models, we found that most species were non-randomly distributed across space, depths, and habitats. Most rare species were observed along the continental shelf break, except for goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara), which was found on the continental shelf in Florida and Georgia. We also observed higher numbers of species in shelf-break habitats from southern North Carolina to Georgia, and fewer in shallower water and at the northern and southern ends of the southeast United States Atlantic coast. Our study provides the first broad-scale description of the spatial distribution of reef fish in the region to be based on fishery-independent data, reinforces the utility of underwater video to survey reef fish, and can help improve the management of reef fish in the SEUS, for example, by improving indices of abundance.
C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Schobernd, Zebulon H.; Berrane, David J.; Schobernd, Christina M.; Mitchell, Warren A.; Teer, Bradford Z.; Gregalis, Kevan C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Glasgow, Dawn M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service
FX The survey is funded through the National Marine Fisheries Service, but
authors received no specific funding for the analyses.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD SEP 21
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 9
AR e0162653
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0162653
PG 21
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DW8GK
UT WOS:000383892700027
PM 27655268
ER
PT J
AU Kawashima, Y
Suenram, RD
Hirota, E
AF Kawashima, Yoshiyuki
Suenram, Richard D.
Hirota, Eizi
TI Microwave spectra of the SiH4-H2O complex: A new sort of intermolecular
interaction
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPHERICAL TOP COMPLEXES; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS;
WEAKLY-BOUND DIMER; DER-WAALS COMPLEX; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM;
INTERNAL-ROTATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; GAS-PHASE; INFRARED-SPECTRUM
AB Microwave spectral patterns observed for the silane-water complex were found much different from those of the methane-water complex. The SiH4-H2O complex is likely to have a tightly bound structure. The effective rotational and centrifugal distortion constants: B = 3621.1193 (45) MHz and D-J = 49.84 (30) kHz led to the distance between the Si and O atoms in the complex to be 3.3 angstrom, much shorter than the C and O separation in the CH4-H2O of 3.7 angstrom, and to the silane-water stretching force constant and stretching frequency to be 2.88 N/m and 65 cm(-1), respectively, which are to be compared with 1.52 N/m and 55 cm(-1) of the CH4-H2O. The characteristic features of the spectra observed for the main species (SiH4)-Si-28-H2O are common to those of isotopic species: (SiH4)-Si-29-H2O, (SiH4)-Si-30-H2O, (SiH4)-Si-28-(H2O)-O-18, (SiH4)-Si-28-D2O, (SiH4)-Si-29-D2O, (SiH4)-Si-30-D2O, (SiH4)-Si-28-HDO, (SiH4)-Si-29-HDO, (SiH4)-Si-30-HDO, (SiD4)-Si-28-H2O, (SiD4)-Si-28-D2O, and (SiD4)-Si-28-HDO. The observed spectra also indicate that the silane executes a threefold internal rotation about one of its four Si-H bonds, while the C-2 symmetry axis of the water is bent away from the internal-rotation axis. An internal axis method analysis yielded an estimate of the internal-rotation potential barrier V-3 to be 140 +/- 50 cm(-1), and those based on diagonalization of a principal axis method Hamiltonian matrix and on the extended internal axis method resulted in V-3 ranging from 180 to 100 cm(-1), depending on the isotopic species studied. All the measurements were done by using a pulsed nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, and the spectral assignments were made with the aid of the Stark effect, which yielded the dipole moment to be 1.730 (10) D. Transitions in higher energy states of the SiH4 internal rotation were observed, clearly resolved from the main lines, when the carrier gas was replaced from Ar to Ne. Published by AIP Publishing.
C1 [Kawashima, Yoshiyuki] Kanagawa Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430292, Japan.
[Suenram, Richard D.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hirota, Eizi] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400193, Japan.
RP Kawashima, Y (reprint author), Kanagawa Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430292, Japan.
EM kawasima@chem.kanagawa-it.ac.jp
FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sport and Culture International
Science Research Program [08044064]
FX The present study was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid No. 08044064
from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sport and Culture
International Science Research Program. The authors are grateful to
Gerry T. Fraser, David Plusquellic, Frank J. Lovas, Jon T. Hougen, and
Nobukimi Ohashi for invaluable comments during the course of the present
work and to Masakatsu Uemura and W. Stevens for letting us know of their
ab initio calculations prior to publication. We also thank Yoshihiro
Osamura for his advice in carrying out the MO calculations.
NR 41
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 21
PY 2016
VL 145
IS 11
AR 114307
DI 10.1063/1.4962363
PG 18
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA DW9ER
UT WOS:000383959300019
ER
PT J
AU Shoji, TD
Xie, WY
Silverman, KL
Feldman, A
Harvey, T
Mirin, RP
Schibli, TR
AF Shoji, Tyko D.
Xie, Wanyan
Silverman, Kevin L.
Feldman, Ari
Harvey, Todd
Mirin, Richard P.
Schibli, Thomas R.
TI Ultra-low-noise monolithic mode-locked solid-state laser
SO OPTICA
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS; MICROWAVE SIGNALS; PULSE
GENERATION; FEMTOSECOND; MICRORESONATOR; GHZ; DIODE
AB Low-noise, high-repetition-rate mode-locked solid-state lasers are attractive for precision measurement and microwave generation, but the best lasers in terms of noise performance still consist of complex, bulky optical setups, which limits their range of applications. In this Letter, we present an approach for producing highly stable pulse trains with a record-low residual integrated offset frequency phase noise of 14 mrad at 1 GHz fundamental repetition rate using a monolithic mode-locked solid-state laser. The compact monolithic design simplifies implementation of the laser by fixing the cavity parameters and operates using just 265 mW of 980 nm pump light. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Shoji, Tyko D.; Xie, Wanyan; Schibli, Thomas R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Silverman, Kevin L.; Feldman, Ari; Harvey, Todd; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Schibli, Thomas R.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Schibli, Thomas R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Schibli, TR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Schibli, TR (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Schibli, TR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM trs@colorado.edu
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [W31P4Q-14-1-0001];
National Science Foundation (NSF) [1253044]; National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (W31P4Q-14-1-0001);
National Science Foundation (NSF) (1253044); National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST).
NR 30
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U1 6
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PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2334-2536
J9 OPTICA
JI Optica
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 3
IS 9
BP 995
EP 998
DI 10.1364/OPTICA.3.000995
PG 4
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA EB1HL
UT WOS:000387100100014
ER
PT J
AU Choi, SS
Jung, K
Kulvatunyou, B
Morris, KC
AF Choi, SangSu
Jung, Kiwook
Kulvatunyou, Boonserm
Morris, K. C.
TI An Analysis of Technologies and Standards for Designing Smart
Manufacturing Systems
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Factory Design and Improvement (FDI); ISA-88; ISA-95; manufacturing
software application; manufacturing system control; manufacturing system
performance improvement; manufacturing system standard analysis;
manufacturing workflow; re-engineering; production system planning;
reference activity model; smart manufacturing system design
AB Smart manufacturing is defined by high degrees of automation. Automation, in turn, is defined by clearly defined processes. The use of standards in this environment is not just commonplace, but essential to creating repeatable processes and reliable systems.
As with the rest of society, manufacturing systems are becoming more tightly connected through advances in information and communication technologies (ICT). As a result, manufacturers are able to receive information from their business partners and operational units much more quickly and are expected to respond quickly as well. Quick responses to changes in a manufacturing system are much more challenging than the responses that we have come to expect in other aspects of our lives.
Manufacturing revolves around heavy capital investments to rapidly produce large amounts of product in anticipation of steady streams of commerce. Changes under these conditions not only disrupt the operations, slowing the production of goods, but also create difficulties with managing the capital investments. These are challenges manufacturers face daily. A large part of these challenges is understanding how best to refit manufacturing facilities to respond to variability, and how to plan new production facilities. By analyzing the information that is available in a manufacturing system, manufacturers can make more informed decisions as to how to respond to change. Advances in the technological infrastructure underlying manufacturing systems are enabling more reliable and timely flow of information across all levels of the manufacturing operation. We propose that effective utilization of such operational information will enable more automated, agile responses to the changing conditions, i.e. Smart Manufacturing.
In this paper, we analyze the sources and the standards supporting the flow of that information throughout the enterprise. The analysis is based an intersection of two reference models: the Factory Design and Improvement (FDI) process and the ISA88 hierarchical model of manufacturing operations. The FDI process consists of a set of high-level activities for designing and improving manufacturing operations. The ISA88 hierarchical model specifies seven levels of control within a manufacturing enterprise.
C1 [Choi, SangSu] IGI LLC, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA.
[Jung, Kiwook] LG Elect Inc, Mat & Prod Engn Res Inst, 222 LG Ro, Pyeongtaek Si 17709, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea.
[Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Morris, K. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Choi, SS (reprint author), IGI LLC, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA.
EM sangsu.choi@igiamerica.com; kiwook5.jung@lge.com; serm@nist.gov;
kcm@nist.gov
NR 51
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U1 18
U2 18
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 121
BP 422
EP 433
DI 10.6028/jres.121.021
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA EA5DI
UT WOS:000386639200001
ER
PT J
AU Shporer, A
Fuller, J
Isaacson, H
Hambleton, K
Thompson, SE
Prsa, A
Kurtz, DW
Howard, AW
O'Leary, RM
AF Shporer, Avi
Fuller, Jim
Isaacson, Howard
Hambleton, Kelly
Thompson, Susan E.
Prsa, Andrej
Kurtz, Donald W.
Howard, Andrew W.
O'Leary, Ryan M.
TI RADIAL VELOCITY MONITORING OF KEPLER HEARTBEAT STARS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE binaries: general; techniques: radial velocities
ID ECCENTRIC BINARY-SYSTEMS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; ECLIPSING BINARIES;
SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; STELLAR COMPANIONS; ORBITAL SOLUTIONS; FALSE
POSITIVES; DATA RELEASE; IDENTIFICATION; PULSATIONS
AB Heartbeat stars (HB stars) are a class of eccentric binary stars with close periastron passages. The characteristic photometric HB signal evident in their light curves is produced by a combination of tidal distortion, heating, and Doppler boosting near orbital periastron. Many HB stars continue to oscillate after periastron and along the entire orbit, indicative of the tidal excitation of oscillation modes within one or both stars. These systems are among the most eccentric binaries known, and they constitute astrophysical laboratories for the study of tidal effects. We have undertaken a radial velocity (RV) monitoring campaign of Kepler HB stars in order to measure their orbits. We present our first results here, including a sample of 22 Kepler HB systems, where for 19 of them we obtained the Keplerian orbit and for 3 other systems we did not detect a statistically significant RV variability. Results presented here are based on 218 spectra obtained with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph during the 2015 Kepler observing season, and they have allowed us to obtain the largest sample of HB stars with orbits measured using a single instrument, which roughly doubles the number of HB stars with an RV measured orbit. The 19 systems measured here have orbital periods from 7 to 90 days and eccentricities from 0.2 to 0.9. We show that HB stars draw the upper envelope of the eccentricity-period distribution. Therefore, HB stars likely represent a population of stars currently undergoing high eccentricity migration via tidal orbital circularization, and they will allow for new tests of high eccentricity migration theories.
C1 [Shporer, Avi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fuller, Jim] CALTECH, TAPIR, Walter Burke Inst Theoret Phys, Mailcode 350-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Fuller, Jim] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Kohn Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Isaacson, Howard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hambleton, Kelly; Prsa, Andrej] Villanova Univ, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 800 East Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA.
[Hambleton, Kelly; Kurtz, Donald W.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England.
[Thompson, Susan E.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Thompson, Susan E.] SETI Inst, 189 Bernardo Ave Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
[Howard, Andrew W.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[O'Leary, Ryan M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[O'Leary, Ryan M.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Shporer, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
OI Kurtz, Donald/0000-0002-1015-3268; Isaacson, Howard/0000-0002-0531-1073;
Shporer, Avi/0000-0002-1836-3120
FU NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program; NSF at Caltech [AST-1205732];
NASA Office of Space Science [NNX09AF08G]; Kepler Guest Observer
Program; NSF through a Lee DuBridge Fellowship at Caltech; NASA
[NAS5-26555]; NASA Science Mission directorate
FX We are grateful to the referee, Maxwell Moe, for his thorough reading of
the manuscript and his meticulous comments that have helped improve this
paper. We warmly thank Ben Fulton, Evan Sinukoff, Lauren Weiss, Lea
Hirsch, Erik Petigura, and Geoff Marcy for contributions to the
Keck/HIRES observations. This work was performed in part at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, under contract with the California Institute of
Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program
executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. JF acknowledges
partial support from NSF under grant no. AST-1205732 and through a Lee
DuBridge Fellowship at Caltech. The authors wish to recognize and
acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the
summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian
community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct
observations from this mountain. Some of the data presented in this
paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes
(MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for
Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for
MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science
via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts. This research
has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Service. This paper
includes data collected by the Kepler mission. Funding for the Kepler
mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. We
acknowledge the support of the Kepler Guest Observer Program.
NR 57
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 829
IS 1
AR 34
DI 10.3847/0004-637X/829/1/34
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DY8IY
UT WOS:000385374500034
ER
PT J
AU Rollins, AW
Thornberry, TD
Ciciora, SJ
McLaughlin, RJ
Watts, LA
Hanisco, TF
Baumann, E
Giorgetta, FR
Bui, TV
Fahey, DW
Gao, RS
AF Rollins, Andrew W.
Thornberry, Troy D.
Ciciora, Steven J.
McLaughlin, Richard J.
Watts, Laurel A.
Hanisco, Thomas F.
Baumann, Esther
Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.
Bui, Thaopaul V.
Fahey, David W.
Gao, Ru-Shan
TI A laser-induced fluorescence instrument for aircraft measurements of
sulfur dioxide in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL NUCLEATION; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; TRACE GASES;
295 K; SO2; PHOTOABSORPTION; POLLUTION; NM; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM
AB This work describes the development and testing of a new instrument for in situ measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on airborne platforms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT-LS). The instrument is based on the laser-induced fluorescence technique and uses the fifth harmonic of a tunable fiber-amplified semiconductor diode laser system at 1084.5aEuro-nm to excite SO2 at 216.9aEuro-nm. Sensitivity and background checks are achieved in flight by additions of SO2 calibration gas and zero air, respectively. Aircraft demonstration was performed during the NASA Volcano-Plume Investigation Readiness and Gas-Phase and Aerosol Sulfur (VIRGAS) experiment, which was a series of flights using the NASA WB-57F during October 2015 based at Ellington Field and Harlingen, Texas. During these flights, the instrument successfully measured SO2 in the UT-LS at background (non-volcanic) conditions with a precision of 2aEuro-ppt at 10aEuro-s and an overall uncertainty determined primarily by instrument drifts of +/-(16aEuro-%aEuro-+aEuro-0.9aEuro-ppt).
C1 [Rollins, Andrew W.; Thornberry, Troy D.; McLaughlin, Richard J.; Watts, Laurel A.; Fahey, David W.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Rollins, Andrew W.; Thornberry, Troy D.; Ciciora, Steven J.; McLaughlin, Richard J.; Watts, Laurel A.; Fahey, David W.; Gao, Ru-Shan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Hanisco, Thomas F.] NOAA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bui, Thaopaul V.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Rollins, AW (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Rollins, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM andrew.rollins@noaa.gov
RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program; NASA
Radiation Sciences Program
FX This research was funded by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon
Cycle, and Climate Program and by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program.
We would like to thank the NASA WB-57F crew and management team for
support during VIRGAS integration and flights. We thank K. Rosenlof, P.
Newman and E. Ray for organization and flight planning during VIRGAS.
NR 40
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U1 5
U2 5
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 4601
EP 4613
DI 10.5194/amt-9-4601-2016
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX5GN
UT WOS:000384407900002
ER
PT J
AU Goodwin, KD
Gruber, S
Vondrak, M
Crumpacker, A
AF Goodwin, Kelly D.
Gruber, Steve
Vondrak, Mary
Crumpacker, Andrea
TI Watershed Assessment with Beach Microbial Source Tracking and Outcomes
of Resulting Gull Management
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PCR ASSAY; PERFORMANCE;
QUALITY; FECES; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; ENTEROCOCCI; STREAM
AB Total maximum daily load (TMDL) implementation at a southern California beach involved ultraviolet treatment of watershed drainage that provided >97% reduction in fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations. However, this pollutant control measure did not provide sufficient improvement of beach water quality, prompting further assessment. Investigation included microbial source tracking (MST) for human, gull, and canine fecal sources, monitoring of enterococci and fecal coliform, and measurement of chemical and physical water quality parameters for samples collected from watershed, groundwater, and beach sites, including a beach scour pond and tidal creek. FIB variability remained poorly modeled in regression analysis. However, MST revealed correlations between FIB and gull source tracking markers, leading to recommendations to manage gulls as a pollutant source. Beach conditions were followed for three years after implementation of a best management practice (BMP) to abate gulls using a falconry program for the beach and an upland landfill. The gull abatement BMP was associated with improved beach water quality, and this appears to be the first report of falconry in the context of TMDL implementation. Overall, MST data enabled management action despite an inability to fully model FIB dynamics in the coupled watershed beach system.
C1 [Goodwin, Kelly D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Gruber, Steve; Crumpacker, Andrea] Weston Solut Inc, 5817 Dryden Pl,Suite 101, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA.
[Vondrak, Mary] City San Clemente, 910 Calle Negocio,Suite 100, San Clemente, CA 92673 USA.
[Gruber, Steve] Burns & McDonnell Engn Inc, 4225 Execut Sq,Suite 500, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Vondrak, Mary] City Laguna Beach, 505 Forest Ave, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 USA.
RP Goodwin, KD (reprint author), 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM kelly.goodwin@noaa.gov
RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014
OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073
FU City of San Clemente's Clean Ocean Fund
FX The authors acknowledge the Prima Deshecha Watershed Bacteria Source
Identification Study Technical Advisory Committee, Anthony Trinh for
laboratory analysis, and the Weston Solutions field team for collection
and transport of field samples. Work was supported by the City of San
Clemente's Clean Ocean Fund, and work for K.G. was carried out under
CRADA Identification No. 50-23 3RR3HWSP13.
NR 29
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U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 50
IS 18
BP 9900
EP 9906
DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02564
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DX0FT
UT WOS:000384037900013
PM 27538026
ER
PT J
AU Dunjko, V
Taylor, JM
Briegel, HJ
AF Dunjko, Vedran
Taylor, Jacob M.
Briegel, Hans J.
TI Quantum-Enhanced Machine Learning
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PROJECTIVE SIMULATION; INTELLIGENCE
AB The emerging field of quantum machine learning has the potential to substantially aid in the problems and scope of artificial intelligence. This is only enhanced by recent successes in the field of classical machine learning. In this work we propose an approach for the systematic treatment of machine learning, from the perspective of quantum information. Our approach is general and covers all three main branches of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. While quantum improvements in supervised and unsupervised learning have been reported, reinforcement learning has received much less attention. Within our approach, we tackle the problem of quantum enhancements in reinforcement learning as well, and propose a systematic scheme for providing improvements. As an example, we show that quadratic improvements in learning efficiency, and exponential improvements in performance over limited time periods, can be obtained for a broad class of learning problems.
C1 [Dunjko, Vedran; Briegel, Hans J.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Tech Str 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Dunjko, V (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, Tech Str 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
EM vedran.dunjko@uibk.ac.at; jmtaylor@umd.edu; hans.briegel@uibk.ac.at
FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [SFB FoQuS F 4012]; Templeton World Charity
Foundation [TWCF0078/AB46]
FX V. D. and H. J. B. acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF) through Grant No. SFB FoQuS F 4012 and the Templeton World Charity
Foundation through Grant No. TWCF0078/AB46. V. D. thanks Christopher
Portmann, Petros Wallden, and Peter Wittek for useful discussions that
helped in parts of this work.
NR 33
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U1 36
U2 36
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 13
AR 130501
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.130501
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DW7RS
UT WOS:000383849400001
PM 27715099
ER
PT J
AU Isaev, L
Schachenmayer, J
Rey, AM
AF Isaev, L.
Schachenmayer, J.
Rey, A. M.
TI Spin-Orbit-Coupled Correlated Metal Phase in Kondo Lattices: An
Implementation with Alkaline-Earth Atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; EDGE STATES; MANGANITES; SYSTEMS; TRANSITION;
TRANSPORT; MAGNETISM; FERMIONS; MODEL
AB We show that an interplay between quantum effects, strong on-site ferromagnetic exchange interaction, and antiferromagnetic correlations in Kondo lattices can give rise to an exotic spin-orbit coupled metallic state in regimes where classical treatments predict a trivial insulating behavior. This phenomenon can be simulated with ultracold alkaline-earth fermionic atoms subject to a laser-induced magnetic field by observing dynamics of spin-charge excitations in quench experiments.
C1 [Isaev, L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Ctr Theory Quantum Matter, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Isaev, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU NSF [PHY-1211914, PHY-1521080, PFC-1125844]; AFOSR Grant
[FA9550-13-1-0086]; AFOSR-MURI Advanced Quantum Materials; NIST; ARO
Grant [W911NF-12-1-0228]
FX We thank Ivar Martin for illuminating discussions. This work was
supported by NSF (Grants No. PHY-1211914, No. PHY-1521080 and No.
PFC-1125844), AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0086, AFOSR-MURI Advanced
Quantum Materials, NIST and ARO Grant No. W911NF-12-1-0228 individual
investigator awards.
NR 45
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U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 13
AR 135302
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.135302
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DW7RS
UT WOS:000383849400009
PM 27715123
ER
PT J
AU Mancuso, CA
Dorney, KM
Hickstein, DD
Chaloupka, JL
Ellis, JL
Dollar, FJ
Knut, R
Grychtol, P
Zusin, D
Gentry, C
Gopalakrishnan, M
Kapteyn, HC
Murnane, MM
AF Mancuso, Christopher A.
Dorney, Kevin M.
Hickstein, Daniel D.
Chaloupka, Jan L.
Ellis, Jennifer L.
Dollar, Franklin J.
Knut, Ronny
Grychtol, Patrik
Zusin, Dmitriy
Gentry, Christian
Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi
Kapteyn, Henry C.
Murnane, Margaret M.
TI Controlling Nonsequential Double Ionization in Two-Color Circularly
Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION; INDUCED ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MULTIPHOTON
IONIZATION; RARE-GASES; REGIME; PTYCHOGRAPHY; RADIATION; GEOMETRY;
DRIVEN; PHASE
AB Atoms undergoing strong-field ionization in two-color circularly polarized femtosecond laser fields exhibit unique two-dimensional photoelectron trajectories and can emit bright circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet and soft-x-ray beams. In this Letter, we present the first experimental observation of nonsequential double ionization in these tailored laser fields. Moreover, we can enhance or suppress nonsequential double ionization by changing the intensity ratio and helicity of the two driving laser fields to maximize or minimize high-energy electron-ion rescattering. Our experimental results are explained through classical simulations, which also provide insight into how to optimize the generation of circularly polarized high harmonic beams.
C1 [Mancuso, Christopher A.; Dorney, Kevin M.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Dollar, Franklin J.; Knut, Ronny; Grychtol, Patrik; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gentry, Christian; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mancuso, Christopher A.; Dorney, Kevin M.; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Dollar, Franklin J.; Knut, Ronny; Grychtol, Patrik; Zusin, Dmitriy; Gentry, Christian; Gopalakrishnan, Maithreyi; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Chaloupka, Jan L.] Univ Northern Colorado, Dept Phys & Astron, Greeley, CO 80639 USA.
RP Mancuso, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Mancuso, CA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM christopher.mancuso@colorado.edu
FU Department of Energy Office Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-99ER14982];
Department of Energy Office Basic Energy Sciences X-Ray Scattering
Program [DE-SC0002002]; National Science Foundation [DGE-1144083]
FX This research was primarily supported by the Department of Energy Office
Basic Energy Sciences Grant No. DE-FG02-99ER14982. We also acknowledge
support from the Department of Energy Office Basic Energy Sciences X-Ray
Scattering Program Grant No. DE-SC0002002 that provided the optical
setup used in this work. J. E. and C. M. acknowledge support from
National Science Foundation (DGE-1144083).
NR 58
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 15
U2 15
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 20
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 13
AR 133201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.133201
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DW7RS
UT WOS:000383849400004
PM 27715086
ER
PT J
AU Huber, T
Predojevic, A
Solomon, GS
Weihs, G
AF Huber, Tobias
Predojevic, Ana
Solomon, Glenn S.
Weihs, Gregor
TI Effects of photo-neutralization on the emission properties of quantum
dots
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENTANGLED PHOTONS; PAIRS; GENERATION
AB In this paper we investigate the coherence properties of a quantum dot used as photon pair source, under two-photon resonant excitation in combination with an additional photoneutralization laser. The photo-neutralization increases the efficiency of the excitation process and thus, the brightness of the source, by a factor of approximately 1.5 for biexciton-exciton pairs. This enhancement does not degrade the relevant coherences in the system; neither the single photon coherence time, nor the coherence of the excitation process. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Huber, Tobias; Predojevic, Ana; Solomon, Glenn S.; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Predojevic, Ana] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Opt, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA.
RP Huber, T; Predojevic, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.; Predojevic, A (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Opt, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
EM tobias.huber@uibk.ac.at; ana.predojevic@uibk.ac.at
FU European Research Council (ERC) [257531]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
[V-375]
FX European Research Council (ERC) (257531); Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
(V-375).
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 19
PY 2016
VL 24
IS 19
BP 21794
EP 21801
DI 10.1364/OE.24.021794
PG 8
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA EB7AO
UT WOS:000387537600051
PM 27661916
ER
PT J
AU Galloway, BR
Popmintchev, D
Pisanty, E
Hickstein, DD
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
Popmintchev, T
AF Galloway, Benjamin R.
Popmintchev, Dimitar
Pisanty, Emilio
Hickstein, Daniel D.
Murnane, Margaret M.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
Popmintchev, Tenio
TI Lorentz drift compensation in high harmonic generation in the soft and
hard X-ray regions of the spectrum
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID LASERS; IONIZATION; HELIUM; VACUUM; REGIME; PULSES
AB We present a semi-classical study of the effects of the Lorentz force on electrons during high harmonic generation in the soft and hard X-ray regions driven by near-and mid-infrared lasers with wavelengths from 0.8 to 20 mu m, and at intensities below 10(15) W/cm(2). The transverse extent of the longitudinal Lorentz drift is compared for both Gaussian focus and waveguide geometries. Both geometries exhibit a longitudinal electric field component that cancels the magnetic Lorentz drift in some regions of the focus, once each full optical cycle. We show that the Lorentz force contributes a super-Gaussian scaling which acts in addition to the dominant high harmonic flux scaling of lambda(-(5-6)) due to quantum diffusion. We predict that the high harmonic yield will be reduced for driving wavelengths > 6 mu m, and that the presence of dynamic spatial mode asymmetries results in the generation of both even and odd harmonic orders. Remarkably, we show that under realistic conditions, the recollision process can be controlled and does not shut off completely even for wavelengths > 10 mu m and recollision energies greater than 15 keV. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Galloway, Benjamin R.; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Popmintchev, Tenio] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Galloway, Benjamin R.; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Popmintchev, Tenio] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Galloway, Benjamin R.; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Popmintchev, Tenio] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pisanty, Emilio] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Pisanty, Emilio] Max Born Inst Nonlinear Opt & Short Pulse Spect, Max Born Str 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
RP Galloway, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Galloway, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM benjamin.r.galloway@colorado.edu
OI Pisanty, Emilio/0000-0003-0598-8524
FU Army Research Office [WN11NF-13-1-0259]; Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
[FA9550-16-1-0121]; National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Stewardship Science Graduate Fellowship (SSGF) [DE-NA0002135]
FX Army Research Office (WN11NF-13-1-0259); Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
(FA9550-16-1-0121); National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Stewardship Science Graduate Fellowship (SSGF) (DE-NA0002135).
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 19
PY 2016
VL 24
IS 19
BP 21818
EP 21832
DI 10.1364/OE.24.021818
PG 15
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA EB7AO
UT WOS:000387537600053
PM 27661918
ER
PT J
AU Hu, WW
Palm, BB
Day, DA
Campuzano-Jost, P
Krechmer, JE
Peng, Z
de Sa, SS
Martin, ST
Alexander, ML
Baumann, K
Hacker, L
Kiendler-Scharr, A
Koss, AR
de Gouw, JA
Goldstein, AH
Seco, R
Sjostedt, SJ
Park, JH
Guenther, AB
Kim, S
Canonaco, F
Prevot, ASH
Brune, WH
Jimenez, JL
AF Hu, Weiwei
Palm, Brett B.
Day, Douglas A.
Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
Krechmer, Jordan E.
Peng, Zhe
de Sa, Suzane S.
Martin, Scot T.
Alexander, M. Lizabeth
Baumann, Karsten
Hacker, Lina
Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid
Koss, Abigail R.
de Gouw, Joost A.
Goldstein, Allen H.
Seco, Roger
Sjostedt, Steven J.
Park, Jeong-Hoo
Guenther, Alex B.
Kim, Saewung
Canonaco, Francesco
Prevot, Andre S. H.
Brune, William H.
Jimenez, Jose L.
TI Volatility and lifetime against OH heterogeneous reaction of ambient
isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA)
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDATION FLOW REACTOR; CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; BROWN CARBON
AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; PARTICLE-PHASE; REAL-TIME;
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC IMPORTANCE;
RADICAL CHEMISTRY
AB Isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) can contribute substantially to organic aerosol (OA) concentrations in forested areas under low NO conditions, hence significantly influencing the regional and global OA budgets, accounting, for example, for 16-36% of the submicron OA in the southeastern United States (SE US) summer. Particle evaporation measurements from a thermodenuder show that the volatility of ambient IEPOX-SOA is lower than that of bulk OA and also much lower than that of known monomer IEPOX-SOA tracer species, indicating that IEPOX-SOA likely exists mostly as oligomers in the aerosol phase. The OH aging process of ambient IEPOXSOA was investigated with an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). New IEPOX-SOA formation in the reactor was negligible, as the OFR does not accelerate processes such as aerosol up-take and reactions that do not scale with OH. Simulation results indicate that adding similar to 100 mu g m(-3) of pure H2SO4 to the ambient air allows IEPOX-SOA to be efficiently formed in the reactor. The heterogeneous reaction rate coefficient of ambient IEPOX-SOA with OH radical (k(OH) /was estimated as 4.0 +/- 2.0 x 10(-13) cm(3) molec(-1) s(-1), which is equivalent to more than a 2-week lifetime. A similar k(OH) was found for measurements of OH oxidation of ambient Amazon forest air in an OFR. At higher OH exposures in the reactor (> 1 x 10(12) molec cm(-3) s), the mass loss of IEPOX-SOA due to heterogeneous reaction was mainly due to revolatilization of fragmented reaction products. We report, for the first time, OH reactive uptake coefficients (gamma(OH) = 0.59 +/- 0.33 in SE US and gamma(OH) = 0.68 +/- 0.38 in Amazon) for SOA under ambient conditions. A relative humidity dependence of k(OH) and gamma(OH) was observed, consistent with surface-area-limited OH uptake. No decrease of k(OH) was observed as OH concentrations increased. These observations of physicochemical properties of IEPOX-SOA can help to constrain OA impact on air quality and climate.
C1 [Hu, Weiwei; Palm, Brett B.; Day, Douglas A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Krechmer, Jordan E.; Peng, Zhe; Koss, Abigail R.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hu, Weiwei; Palm, Brett B.; Day, Douglas A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Krechmer, Jordan E.; Peng, Zhe; Koss, Abigail R.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[de Sa, Suzane S.; Martin, Scot T.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 01742 USA.
[Martin, Scot T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 01742 USA.
[Alexander, M. Lizabeth] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Baumann, Karsten] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Morrisville, NC 27560 USA.
[Hacker, Lina; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Koss, Abigail R.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Sjostedt, Steven J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Seco, Roger; Guenther, Alex B.; Kim, Saewung] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Park, Jeong-Hoo] Natl Inst Environm Res, Inchon 22689, South Korea.
[Canonaco, Francesco; Prevot, Andre S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu
RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Martin,
Scot/G-1094-2015; Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008;
Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Kim,
Saewung/E-4089-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kiendler-Scharr,
Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253;
FU NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; NASA [NNX15AT96G]; DOE (BER/ASR)
[DE-SC0011105]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; EPA STAR fellowships
[FP-91761701-0, FP-91770901-0]; Office of Biological and Environmental
Research; Southern Company; EPRI; [EPRI-10004734]
FX This study was partially supported by EPRI-10004734, NSF AGS-1243354 and
AGS-1360834, NASA NNX15AT96G, DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105, and NOAA
NA13OAR4310063. Brett B. Palm and Jordan E. Krechmer were partially
supported by EPA STAR fellowships (FP-91761701-0 & FP-91770901-0). We
thank Annmarie Carlton, Eric Edgerton, and Karsten Baumann for their
organization of the SE US supersite; Cassandra Gaston and Joel Thornton
from the University of Washington for advice in the use of their IEPOX
uptake model; Jian Wang from Brookhaven National Laboratory for advice
on aerosol hygroscopicity during GoAmazon2014/5; Ying-Hsuan Lin and
Jason D. Surratt from the University of North Carolina for sharing their
published MAC data of IEPOX-SOA; Hongyu Guo and Rodney J. Weber from the
Georgia Institute of Technology for providing their estimated pH for
comparison to our pH calculation results; and John Crounse and Paul
Wennberg from Caltech for gas-phase IEPOX and ISOPOOH data in the SE US
study. This paper has not been reviewed by EPA and no endorsement should
be inferred. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a DOE
Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological
and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory. SEARCH network operations are supported by the Southern
Company and EPRI.
NR 91
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 30
U2 30
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 19
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 18
BP 11563
EP 11580
DI 10.5194/acp-16-11563-2016
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX3YJ
UT WOS:000384313500002
ER
PT J
AU Griffies, SM
Danabasoglu, G
Durack, PJ
Adcroft, AJ
Balaji, V
Boning, CW
Chassignet, EP
Curchitser, E
Deshayes, J
Drange, H
Fox-Kemper, B
Gleckler, PJ
Gregory, JM
Haak, H
Hallberg, RW
Heimbach, P
Hewitt, HT
Holland, DM
Ilyina, T
Jungclaus, JH
Komuro, Y
Krasting, JP
Large, WG
Marsland, SJ
Masina, S
McDougall, TJ
Nurser, AJG
Orr, JC
Pirani, A
Qiao, F
Stouffer, RJ
Taylor, KE
Treguier, AM
Tsujino, H
Uotila, P
Valdivieso, M
Wang, Q
Winton, M
Yeager, SG
AF Griffies, Stephen M.
Danabasoglu, Gokhan
Durack, Paul J.
Adcroft, Alistair J.
Balaji, V.
Boning, Claus W.
Chassignet, Eric P.
Curchitser, Enrique
Deshayes, Julie
Drange, Helge
Fox-Kemper, Baylor
Gleckler, Peter J.
Gregory, Jonathan M.
Haak, Helmuth
Hallberg, Robert W.
Heimbach, Patrick
Hewitt, Helene T.
Holland, David M.
Ilyina, Tatiana
Jungclaus, Johann H.
Komuro, Yoshiki
Krasting, John P.
Large, William G.
Marsland, Simon J.
Masina, Simona
McDougall, Trevor J.
Nurser, A. J. George
Orr, James C.
Pirani, Anna
Qiao, Fangli
Stouffer, Ronald J.
Taylor, Karl E.
Treguier, Anne Marie
Tsujino, Hiroyuki
Uotila, Petteri
Valdivieso, Maria
Wang, Qiang
Winton, Michael
Yeager, Stephen G.
TI OMIP contribution to CMIP6: experimental and diagnostic protocol for the
physical component of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FRESH-WATER FLUX; ANISOTROPIC
HORIZONTAL VISCOSITY; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; CORE-II SIMULATIONS;
FREE-SURFACE METHOD; GLOBAL OCEAN; PART I; Z-COORDINATE
AB The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses CMIP6 science questions, investigating the origins and consequences of systematic model biases. It does so by providing a framework for evaluating (including assessment of systematic biases), understanding, and improving ocean, sea-ice, tracer, and biogeochemical components of climate and earth system models contributing to CMIP6. Among the WCRP Grand Challenges in climate science (GCs), OMIP primarily contributes to the regional sea level change and near-term (climate/decadal) prediction GCs. OMIP provides (a) an experimental protocol for global ocean/sea-ice models run with a prescribed atmospheric forcing; and (b) a protocol for ocean diagnostics to be saved as part of CMIP6. We focus here on the physical component of OMIP, with a companion paper (Orr et al., 2016) detailing methods for the inert chemistry and interactive biogeochemistry. The physical portion of the OMIP experimental protocol follows the interannual Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). Since 2009, CORE-I (Normal Year Forcing) and CORE-II (Interannual Forcing) have become the standard methods to evaluate global ocean/sea-ice simulations and to examine mechanisms for forced ocean climate variability. The OMIP diagnostic protocol is relevant for any ocean model component of CMIP6, including the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima experiments), historical simulations, FAFMIP (Flux Anomaly Forced MIP), C4MIP (Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate MIP), DAMIP (Detection and Attribution MIP), DCPP (Decadal Climate Prediction Project), ScenarioMIP, High-ResMIP (High Resolution MIP), as well as the ocean/sea-ice OMIP simulations.
C1 [Griffies, Stephen M.; Adcroft, Alistair J.; Balaji, V.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Krasting, John P.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Winton, Michael] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Large, William G.; Yeager, Stephen G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Durack, Paul J.; Gleckler, Peter J.; Taylor, Karl E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA.
[Boning, Claus W.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
[Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
[Deshayes, Julie] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN Lab, Paris, France.
[Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
[Fox-Kemper, Baylor] Brown Univ, DEEPS, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Gregory, Jonathan M.; Hewitt, Helene T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Gregory, Jonathan M.] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
[Haak, Helmuth; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jungclaus, Johann H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Heimbach, Patrick] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Heimbach, Patrick] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Holland, David M.] NYU, New York, NY USA.
[Komuro, Yoshiki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Marsland, Simon J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Masina, Simona] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy.
[Masina, Simona] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy.
[McDougall, Trevor J.] Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Nurser, A. J. George] NOCS, Southampton, Hants, England.
[Orr, James C.] UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, IPSL,LSCE,UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Pirani, Anna] Univ Paris Saclay, Paris, France.
[Pirani, Anna] Abdus Salam Inst Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy.
[Qiao, Fangli] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
[Treguier, Anne Marie] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Phys & Spatiale, Plouzane, France.
[Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Uotila, Petteri] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland.
[Valdivieso, Maria] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
[Wang, Qiang] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
RP Griffies, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM stephen.griffies@noaa.gov
RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Heimbach,
Patrick/K-3530-2013; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Gregory,
Jonathan/J-2939-2016; Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007; Taylor,
Karl/F-7290-2011
OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777;
Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; Uotila,
Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644;
Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135
FU U.S. National Science Foundation; NSF [1245944, 1350795]; Academy of
Finland [264358, 283034]; JSPS KAKENHI [15H03726]; Cooperative Institute
for Climate Science, Princeton University from National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
[NA08OAR4320752]; Institut Simon et Pierre Laplace (LABEX-LIPSL);
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. Baylor
Fox-Kemper was supported by NSF 1245944 and 1350795. The work of Paul J.
Durack, Peter J. Gleckler, and Karl E. Taylor from Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory is a contribution to the US Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Regional
and Global Climate Modeling Program under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
The work of Uotila (or FMI) was supported by the Academy of Finland
(contracts 264358 and 283034). Y. Komuro and H. Tsujino are supported by
JSPS KAKENHI grant number 15H03726. V. Balaji is supported by the
Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, Princeton University, under
Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. He is grateful for support
from the Institut Simon et Pierre Laplace (LABEX-LIPSL) for support
during 2015, during which he worked on formulations of this article.
NR 236
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 14
U2 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PD SEP 19
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 3231
EP 3296
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-3231-2016
PG 66
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DX4AY
UT WOS:000384321500001
ER
PT J
AU Estes, LD
Searchinger, T
Spiegel, M
Tian, D
Sichinga, S
Mwale, M
Kehoe, L
Kuemmerle, T
Berven, A
Chaney, N
Sheffield, J
Wood, EF
Caylor, KK
AF Estes, L. D.
Searchinger, T.
Spiegel, M.
Tian, D.
Sichinga, S.
Mwale, M.
Kehoe, L.
Kuemmerle, T.
Berven, A.
Chaney, N.
Sheffield, J.
Wood, E. F.
Caylor, K. K.
TI Reconciling agriculture, carbon and biodiversity in a savannah
transformation frontier
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE trade-offs; optimization; savannahs; agriculture; biodiversity; carbon
ID LAND-USE; GLOBAL PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; COSTS; DEFORESTATION;
DIVERSITY; DATASET
AB Rapidly rising populations and likely increases in incomes in sub-Saharan Africa make tens of millions of hectares of cropland expansion nearly inevitable, even with large increases in crop yields. Much of that expansion is likely to occur in higher rainfall savannas, with substantial costs to biodiversity and carbon storage. Zambia presents an acute example of this challenge, with an expected tripling of population by 2050, good potential to expand maize and soya bean production, and large areas of relatively undisturbed miombo woodland and associated habitat types of high biodiversity value. Here, we present a new model designed to explore the potential for targeting agricultural expansion in ways that achieve quantitatively optimal trade-offs between competing economic and environmental objectives: total converted land area (the reciprocal of potential yield); carbon loss, biodiversity loss and transportation costs. To allow different interests to find potential compromises, users can apply varying weights to examine the effects of their subjective preferences on the spatial allocation of new cropland and its costs. We find that small compromises from the objective to convert the highest yielding areas permit large savings in transportation costs, and the carbon and biodiversity impacts resulting from savannah conversion. For example, transferring just 30% of weight from a yield-maximizing objective equally between carbon and biodiversity protection objectives would increase total cropland area by just 2.7%, but result in avoided costs of 27-47% for carbon, biodiversity and transportation. Compromise solutions tend to focus agricultural expansion along existing transportation corridors and in already disturbed areas. Used appropriately, this type of model could help countries find agricultural expansion alternatives and related infrastructure and land use policies that help achieve production targets while helping to conserve Africa's rapidly transforming savannahs.
This article is part of the themed issue 'Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation'.
C1 [Estes, L. D.; Spiegel, M.; Tian, D.; Berven, A.; Sheffield, J.; Wood, E. F.; Caylor, K. K.] Princeton Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Estes, L. D.; Searchinger, T.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Chaney, N.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Sichinga, S.; Mwale, M.] Zambia Agr Res Inst, Mt Makhulu Res Stn, Chilanga, Zambia.
[Kehoe, L.; Kuemmerle, T.] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, D-10099 Berlin, Germany.
[Kuemmerle, T.] Humboldt Univ, Integrat Res Inst Transformat Human Environm Syst, D-10099 Berlin, Germany.
RP Estes, LD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Estes, LD; Searchinger, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM lestes@princeton.edu; tsearchi@princeton.edu
FU Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD) under the Agricultural Synergies Project;
Princeton Environmental Institute Grand Challenges program; NASA New
Investigator Program [NNX15AC64G]; National Science Foundation
[SES-1360463, SES-1534544]; Einstein Foundation Berlin
FX This work was supported by funds from: the Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD)
under the Agricultural Synergies Project, the Princeton Environmental
Institute Grand Challenges program, the NASA New Investigator Program
(NNX15AC64G) and the National Science Foundation (SES-1360463 and
SES-1534544). L.K. and T.K. gratefully acknowledge funding by the
Einstein Foundation Berlin.
NR 58
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 13
U2 14
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8436
EI 1471-2970
J9 PHILOS T R SOC B
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD SEP 19
PY 2016
VL 371
IS 1703
AR 20150316
DI 10.1098/rstb.2015.0316
PG 10
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA DU1HC
UT WOS:000381957800008
ER
PT J
AU Wilcox, BR
Lewandowski, HJ
AF Wilcox, Bethany R.
Lewandowski, H. J.
TI Research-based assessment of students' beliefs about experimental
physics: When is gender a factor?
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MATHEMATICS EDUCATION; ACHIEVEMENT GAP; SCIENCE; ATTITUDES
AB The existence of gender differences in student performance on conceptual assessments and their responses to attitudinal assessments has been repeatedly demonstrated. This difference is often present in students' preinstruction responses and persists in their postinstruction responses. However, one area in which the presence of gender differences has not been extensively explored is undergraduate laboratory courses. For example, one of the few laboratory focused research-based assessments, the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics (E-CLASS), has not been tested for the existence of gender differences in students' responses. Here, we utilize a national data set of responses to the E-CLASS to determine if they demonstrate significant gender differences. We also investigate how these differences vary along multiple student and course demographic slices, including course level (first-year vs beyond-first-year) and major (physics vs nonphysics). We observe a gender gap in pre- and postinstruction E-CLASS scores in the aggregate data both for the overall score and for most items individually. However, for some subpopulations (e.g., beyond-first-year students) the size or even existence of the gender gap depends on another dimension (e.g., student major). We also find that for all groups the gap in postinstruction scores vanishes or is greatly reduced when controlling for preinstruction scores, course level, and student major.
C1 [Wilcox, Bethany R.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Wilcox, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU NSF-IUSE Grant [DUE-1432204]; NSF [PHY-1125844]
FX This work was funded by the NSF-IUSE Grant No. DUE-1432204 and NSF Grant
No. PHY-1125844. Particular thanks to Dimitri Dounas-Frazer and to the
members of PER@C for all their help and feedback.
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9896
J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R
JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.
PD SEP 16
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 2
AR UNSP 020130
DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.020130
PG 11
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Education & Educational Research
GA EJ7KH
UT WOS:000393400100001
ER
PT J
AU Amin, VP
Stiles, MD
AF Amin, V. P.
Stiles, M. D.
TI Spin transport at interfaces with spin-orbit coupling: Phenomenology
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TORQUES; SYSTEMS; POLARIZATION; MULTILAYERS
AB This paper presents the boundary conditions needed for drift-diffusion models to treat interfaces with spin-orbit coupling. Using these boundary conditions for heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers, solutions of the drift-diffusion equations agree with solutions of the spin-dependent Boltzmann equation and allow for a much simpler interpretation of the results. A key feature of these boundary conditions is their ability to capture the role that in-plane electric fields have in the generation of spin currents that flow perpendicularly to the interface. The generation of these spin currents is a direct consequence of the effect of interfacial spin-orbit coupling on interfacial scattering. In heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers, these spin currents provide an important mechanism for the creation of dampinglike and fieldlike torques; they also lead to possible reinterpretations of experiments in which interfacial contributions to spin torques are thought to be suppressed.
C1 [Amin, V. P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Amin, V. P.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Amin, VP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Amin, VP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vivek.amin@nist.gov
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the
University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]
FX The authors thank Kyoung-Whan Kim, Paul Haney, Guru Khalsa, Kyung-Jin
Lee, and Hyun-Woo Lee for useful conversations and Robert McMichael and
Thomas Silva for critical readings of the manuscript. V.A. acknowledges
support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University
of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193,
through the University of Maryland.
NR 43
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 13
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 16
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 10
AR 104420
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.104420
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DW0OF
UT WOS:000383339100003
ER
PT J
AU Amin, VP
Stiles, MD
AF Amin, V. P.
Stiles, M. D.
TI Spin transport at interfaces with spin-orbit coupling: Formalism
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEMS; POLARIZATION; MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; MAGNITUDE; TORQUES
AB We generalize magnetoelectronic circuit theory to account for spin transfer to and from the atomic lattice via interfacial spin-orbit coupling. This enables a proper treatment of spin transport at interfaces between a ferromagnet and a heavy-metal nonmagnet. This generalized approach describes spin transport in terms of drops in spin and charge accumulations across the interface (as in the standard approach), but additionally includes the responses from in-plane electric fields and offsets in spin accumulations. A key finding is that in-plane electric fields give rise to spin accumulations and spin currents that can be polarized in any direction, generalizing the Rashba-Edelstein and spin Hall effects. The spin accumulations exert torques on the magnetization at the interface when they are misaligned from the magnetization. The additional out-of-plane spin currents exert torques via the spin-transfer mechanism on the ferromagnetic layer. To account for these phenomena we also describe spin torques within the generalized circuit theory. The additional effects included in this generalized circuit theory suggest modifications in the interpretations of experiments involving spin-orbit torques, spin pumping, spin memory loss, the Rashba-Edelstein effect, and the spin Hall magnetoresistance.
C1 [Amin, V. P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Amin, V. P.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Amin, VP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Amin, VP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vivek.amin@nist.gov
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the
University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]
FX The authors thank Kyoung-Whan Kim, Paul Haney, Guru Khalsa, Kyung-Jin
Lee, and Hyun-Woo Lee for useful conversations and Robert McMichael and
Thomas Silva for critical readings of the manuscript. V.A. acknowledges
support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University
of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Grant No. 70NANB10H193,
through the University of Maryland.
NR 80
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 21
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 16
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 10
AR 104419
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.104419
PG 16
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DW0OF
UT WOS:000383339100002
ER
PT J
AU Jo, YH
Kim, HC
Son, S
Kim, D
AF Jo, Young-Heon
Kim, Hyun-Cheol
Son, Seunghyun
Kim, Dohoon
TI Analysis of the timing of phase changes in the chlorophyll concentration
in the East/Japan Sea
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS; JAPAN/EAST SEA; FISHERIES RESOURCES;
REGIME SHIFTS; ECOSYSTEM; BLOOM; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; PACIFIC;
DECADES
AB Geographically heterogeneous linear and non-linear chlorophyll-a (CHL) trends in the East Sea/Japan Sea (EJS) region were analyzed based on monthly mean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CHL data from January 2003 to December 2012. The non-linear trends were derived from the residuals of decomposed CHL time series using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). To understand the general spatial and temporal variability of the non-linear CHL trends, a complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) was employed. The first two CEOF modes indicate that an upward CHL trend occurred in 2007 with 95.6% variance, whereas a downward CHL trend occurred in 2009 with 4.1% variance. Furthermore, the specific timing of the phase changes in CHL was calculated based on upward or downward non-linear trends of CHL for six major regions of interests.
To examine the dominant forces in phase changes in CHL, the Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index (MEI) was used. We determined that the local turning patterns of CHL over the last ten years were closely related to changes in ENSO events, which were also associated with changes in the total amount of fish catches off the east coast of the Korean Peninsula. These results also suggest that the short-term total amount of fish catches may be predictable based on the remotely sensed non-linear CHL observations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jo, Young-Heon] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Busan 46241, South Korea.
[Kim, Hyun-Cheol] Korea Polar Res Inst, Dept Polar Remote Sensing, Inchon 21990, South Korea.
[Son, Seunghyun] NOAA, NESDIC Ctr Satellite Applicat & Reseaarch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Son, Seunghyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kim, Dohoon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine & Fisheries Business & Econ, Busan 48513, South Korea.
RP Kim, HC (reprint author), Korea Polar Res Inst, Dept Polar Remote Sensing, Inchon 21990, South Korea.
EM kimhc@kopri.re.kr
FU Korea Polar Research Institute [KOPRI: PG15010]; Korea Institute of
Science and Technology Information (KISTI); project of "Long-term change
of structure and function in marine ecosystems of Korea"; Ministry of
Oceans and Fisheries, Korean
FX This research was supported by the Korea Polar Research Institute
(KOPRI: PG15010) and Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Information (KISTI), and was partly supported by the project of
"Long-term change of structure and function in marine ecosystems of
Korea", funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korean. NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology
Processing Group. Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Aqua Ocean Color Data; 2014 Reprocessing. NASA OB.DAAC, Greenbelt, MD,
USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/AQUA/MODIS_OC.2014.0.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
EI 1873-6955
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 127
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.08.007
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA2DR
UT WOS:000386403500001
ER
PT J
AU Bakker, DCE
Pfeil, B
Landa, CS
Metzl, N
O'Brien, KM
Olsen, A
Smith, K
Cosca, C
Harasawa, S
Jones, SD
Nakaoka, S
Nojiri, Y
Schuster, U
Steinhoff, T
Sweeney, C
Takahashi, T
Tilbrook, B
Wada, C
Wanninkhof, R
Alin, SR
Balestrini, CF
Barbero, L
Bates, NR
Bianchi, AA
Bonou, F
Boutin, J
Bozec, Y
Burger, EF
Cai, WJ
Castle, RD
Chen, LQ
Chierici, M
Currie, K
Evans, W
Featherstone, C
Feely, RA
Fransson, A
Goyet, C
Greenwood, N
Gregor, L
Hankin, S
Hardman-Mountford, NJ
Harlay, J
Hauck, J
Hoppema, M
Humphreys, MP
Hunt, C
Huss, B
Ibanhez, JSP
Johannessen, T
Keeling, R
Kitidis, V
Kortzinger, A
Kozyr, A
Krasakopoulou, E
Kuwata, A
Landschutzer, P
Lauvset, SK
Lefevre, N
Lo Monaco, C
Manke, A
Mathis, JT
Merlivat, L
Millero, FJ
Monteiro, PMS
Munro, DR
Murata, A
Newberger, T
Omar, AM
Ono, T
Paterson, K
Pearce, D
Pierrot, D
Robbins, LL
Saito, S
Salisbury, J
Schlitzer, R
Schneider, B
Schweitzer, R
Sieger, R
Skjelvan, I
Sullivan, KF
Sutherland, SC
Sutton, AJ
Tadokoro, K
Telszewski, M
Tuma, M
van Heuven, SMAC
Vandemark, D
Ward, B
Watson, AJ
Xu, SQ
AF Bakker, Dorothee C. E.
Pfeil, Benjamin
Landa, Camilla S.
Metzl, Nicolas
O'Brien, Kevin M.
Olsen, Are
Smith, Karl
Cosca, Cathy
Harasawa, Sumiko
Jones, Stephen D.
Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro
Nojiri, Yukihiro
Schuster, Ute
Steinhoff, Tobias
Sweeney, Colm
Takahashi, Taro
Tilbrook, Bronte
Wada, Chisato
Wanninkhof, Rik
Alin, Simone R.
Balestrini, Carlos F.
Barbero, Leticia
Bates, Nicholas R.
Bianchi, Alejandro A.
Bonou, Frederic
Boutin, Jacqueline
Bozec, Yann
Burger, Eugene F.
Cai, Wei-Jun
Castle, Robert D.
Chen, Liqi
Chierici, Melissa
Currie, Kim
Evans, Wiley
Featherstone, Charles
Feely, Richard A.
Fransson, Agneta
Goyet, Catherine
Greenwood, Naomi
Gregor, Luke
Hankin, Steven
Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.
Harlay, Jerome
Hauck, Judith
Hoppema, Mario
Humphreys, Matthew P.
Hunt, ChristopherW.
Huss, Betty
Ibanhez, J. Severino P.
Johannessen, Truls
Keeling, Ralph
Kitidis, Vassilis
Koertzinger, Arne
Kozyr, Alex
Krasakopoulou, Evangelia
Kuwata, Akira
Landschuetzer, Peter
Lauvset, Siv K.
Lefevre, Nathalie
Lo Monaco, Claire
Manke, Ansley
Mathis, Jeremy T.
Merlivat, Liliane
Millero, Frank J.
Monteiro, Pedro M. S.
Munro, David R.
Murata, Akihiko
Newberger, Timothy
Omar, Abdirahman M.
Ono, Tsuneo
Paterson, Kristina
Pearce, David
Pierrot, Denis
Robbins, Lisa L.
Saito, Shu
Salisbury, Joe
Schlitzer, Reiner
Schneider, Bernd
Schweitzer, Roland
Sieger, Rainer
Skjelvan, Ingunn
Sullivan, Kevin F.
Sutherland, Stewart C.
Sutton, Adrienne J.
Tadokoro, Kazuaki
Telszewski, Maciej
Tuma, Matthias
van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. .
Vandemark, Doug
Ward, Brian
Watson, Andrew J.
Xu, Suqing
TI A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-LAYER SCHEME; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CARBON SINK; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NEURAL-NETWORK; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FLUX VARIABILITY
AB The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO(2) values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO(2) values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO(2) values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO(2) has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.
C1 [Bakker, Dorothee C. E.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Pfeil, Benjamin; Landa, Camilla S.; Olsen, Are; Jones, Stephen D.; Johannessen, Truls; Lauvset, Siv K.; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Skjelvan, Ingunn] Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
[Pfeil, Benjamin; Landa, Camilla S.; Olsen, Are; Jones, Stephen D.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
[Metzl, Nicolas; Boutin, Jacqueline; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Merlivat, Liliane] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN IPSL Lab, F-75005 Paris, France.
[O'Brien, Kevin M.; Smith, Karl; Alin, Simone R.; Burger, Eugene F.; Feely, Richard A.; Manke, Ansley; Mathis, Jeremy T.; Sutton, Adrienne J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[O'Brien, Kevin M.; Smith, Karl; Hankin, Steven; Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Harasawa, Sumiko; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Wada, Chisato] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Schuster, Ute; Watson, Andrew J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England.
[Steinhoff, Tobias; Koertzinger, Arne] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
[Sweeney, Colm; Newberger, Timothy] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm; Newberger, Timothy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Tilbrook, Bronte; Paterson, Kristina] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Tilbrook, Bronte] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Wanninkhof, Rik; Barbero, Leticia; Castle, Robert D.; Featherstone, Charles; Huss, Betty; Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin F.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Balestrini, Carlos F.; Bianchi, Alejandro A.] Serv Hidrog Naval, Dept Oceanog, C1270ABV, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Barbero, Leticia; Pierrot, Denis; Sullivan, Kevin F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, GE01, Ferry Reach, St Georges, Bermuda.
[Bates, Nicholas R.; Humphreys, Matthew P.] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
[Bonou, Frederic; Ibanhez, J. Severino P.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Estudos & Ensaios Risco & Modelagem Ambienta, BR-50740550 Recife, PE, Brazil.
[Bozec, Yann] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Adaptat & Divers Milieu Marin UMR7144, Stn Biol Roscoff,CNRS, F-29680 Roscoff, France.
[Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Chen, Liqi; Xu, Suqing] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
[Chen, Liqi] Chinese Arct & Antarct Adm, Beijing 100860, Peoples R China.
[Chierici, Melissa] Inst Marine Res, N-9294 Tromso, Norway.
[Chierici, Melissa] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Currie, Kim] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
[Evans, Wiley] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Evans, Wiley] Hakai Inst, Calver Isl, BC V0P 1H0, Canada.
[Fransson, Agneta] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Goyet, Catherine] Univ Perpignan, IMAGES ESPACE DEV, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
[Goyet, Catherine] Maison Teledetect, UMR ESPACE DEV, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
[Greenwood, Naomi; Pearce, David] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
[Gregor, Luke; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.] CSIR CHPC, Ocean Syst & Climate, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa.
[Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
[Harlay, Jerome] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Hauck, Judith; Hoppema, Mario; Sieger, Rainer] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Hunt, ChristopherW.; Salisbury, Joe; Vandemark, Doug] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Ibanhez, J. Severino P.] IRD, BR-71640230 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
[Johannessen, Truls; Skjelvan, Ingunn] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.
[Keeling, Ralph] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
[Kitidis, Vassilis] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
[Kozyr, Alex] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Krasakopoulou, Evangelia] Univ Aegean, Dept Marine Sci, Mitilini 81100, Lesvos, Greece.
[Kuwata, Akira; Tadokoro, Kazuaki] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan.
[Landschuetzer, Peter] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Murata, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
[Ono, Tsuneo] Japan Fisheries Res & Educ Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan.
[Robbins, Lisa L.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Saito, Shu] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Tokyo 1008122, Japan.
[Schneider, Bernd] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Rostock, Warnemunde, Germany.
[Schweitzer, Roland] Weathertop Consulting LLC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
[Telszewski, Maciej] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland.
[Tuma, Matthias] World Meteorol Org, WCRP Joint Planning Staff, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.
[van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. .] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1797 SZ T Horntje, Texel, Netherlands.
[Ward, Brian] Natl Univ Ireland, AirSea Lab, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland.
[Ward, Brian] Natl Univ Ireland, AirSea Lab, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland.
RP Bakker, DCE (reprint author), Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
EM d.bakker@uea.ac.uk
RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Sutton,
Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Humphreys, Matthew/A-8939-2015; Tilbrook,
Bronte/A-1522-2012; Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Pierrot,
Denis/A-7459-2014; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012;
OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337;
Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Humphreys,
Matthew/0000-0002-9371-7128; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827;
Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Pierrot,
Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Jones,
Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851
FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-124 3377]; University of East Anglia
(UK); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (Norway); Geophysical
Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway); University of Washington
(US); Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office; NOAA
Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory (PMEL); NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory (AOML); NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Oak Ridge
National Laboratory (US); PANGAEA(R) Data Publisher for Earth and
Environmental Science (Germany); Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz
Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany); Antarctic Climate and
Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (Australia); National Institute
for Environmental Studies (Japan); Uni Research (Norway); European Union
[FP7 264879, FP7 283080, 633211]; Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC) [NE/H017046/1]; Departments for Energy and Climate Change and for
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra); NERC [NE/K00168X/1]; Defra;
SOCAT; Australian International Marine Observing System; U.S. Geological
Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (US);
European Space Agency; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF, ICOS-D) [01LK1224J, 01LK1101C, 01LK1101E]; Japanese Ministry of
the Environment; Royal Society of New Zealand via the New
Zealand-Germany Science and Technology Programme; Norwegian Research
Council (SNACS) [229752]; Swedish Research Council [2004-4034]; Swedish
Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial
Planning (Formas) [2004-797]
FX Research vessel Tiglax in Columbia Bay, Alaska, is shown on the website
for SOCAT version 3. The Columbia Glacier can be seen at the head of the
bay, as well as calved ice from the glacier. The photo was taken by
Wiley Evans. Pete Brown (National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK)
designed the SOCAT logo. IOCCP (via a US National Science Foundation
grant (OCE-124 3377) to the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research),
IOC-UNESCO (International Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), SOLAS and IMBER
provided travel and meeting support. Funding was received from the
University of East Anglia (UK), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
(Norway), the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway)
and the University of Washington (US). The US National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) made important financial contributions
via the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office, the
NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory (PMEL), the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory (AOML) and the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Funding
was also received from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), PANGAEA (R)
Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science (Germany), the Alfred
Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
(Germany), the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research
Centre (Australia), the National Institute for Environmental Studies
(Japan) and Uni Research (Norway). Research projects making SOCAT
possible included the European Union projects CarboChange (FP7 264879),
GEOCARBON (FP7 283080) and AtlantOS (633211), the UK Ocean Acidification
Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment
Research Council (NERC) and the Departments for Energy and Climate
Change and for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)) and the UK
Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry Blue Carbon project (NE/K00168X/1; funded by
NERC and Defra). Numerous government and funding agencies financially
supported SOCAT, notably the Australian International Marine Observing
System, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) (US), the European Space Agency, the German
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF projects 01LK1224J,
01LK1101C, 01LK1101E, ICOS-D), the Japanese Ministry of the Environment,
the Royal Society of New Zealand via the New Zealand-Germany Science and
Technology Programme, the Norwegian Research Council (SNACS, 229752),
the Swedish Research Council (project 2004-4034) and the Swedish
Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial
Planning (Formas, project 2004-797). This is PMEL contribution number
4441. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their
thoughtful, constructive and insightful reviews.
NR 133
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 20
U2 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA
JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 2
BP 383
EP 413
DI 10.5194/essd-8-383-2016
PG 31
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX3DM
UT WOS:000384253400001
ER
PT J
AU Han, RQ
Wang, H
Hu, ZZ
Kumar, A
Li, WJ
Long, LN
Schemm, JKE
Peng, PT
Wang, WQ
Si, D
Jia, XL
Zhao, M
Vecchi, GA
Larow, TE
Lim, YK
Schubert, SD
Camargo, SJ
Henderson, N
Jonas, JA
Walsh, KJE
AF Han, Rongqing
Wang, Hui
Hu, Zeng-Zhen
Kumar, Arun
Li, Weijing
Long, Lindsey N.
Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.
Peng, Peitao
Wang, Wanqiu
Si, Dong
Jia, Xiaolong
Zhao, Ming
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Larow, Timothy E.
Lim, Young-Kwon
Schubert, Siegfried D.
Camargo, Suzana J.
Henderson, Naomi
Jonas, Jeffrey A.
Walsh, Kevin J. E.
TI An Assessment of Multimodel Simulations for the Variability of Western
North Pacific Tropical Cyclones and Its Association with ENSO
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; EL-NINO; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; SEASONAL PREDICTIONS; TYPHOON TRACKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
EVENTS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE
AB An assessment of simulations of the interannual variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and its association with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as a subsequent diagnosis for possible causes of model biases generated from simulated large-scale climate conditions, are documented in the paper. The model experiments are carried out by the Hurricane Work Group under the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Research Program (CLIVAR) using five global climate models (GCMs) with a total of 16 ensemble members forced by the observed sea surface temperature and spanning the 28-yr period from 1982 to 2009. The results show GISS and GFDL model ensemble means best simulate the interannual variability of TCs, and the multimodel ensemble mean (MME) follows. Also, the MME has the closest climate mean annual number of WNP TCs and the smallest root-mean-square error to the observation.
Most GCMs can simulate the interannual variability of WNP TCs well, with stronger TC activities during two types of El Nino-namely, eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Nino-and weaker activity during La Nina. However, none of the models capture the differences in TC activity between EP and CP El Nino as are shown in observations. The inability of models to distinguish the differences in TC activities between the two types of El Nino events may be due to the bias of the models in response to the shift of tropical heating associated with CP El Nino.
C1 [Han, Rongqing; Li, Weijing; Si, Dong; Jia, Xiaolong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Hui; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Long, Lindsey N.; Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.; Peng, Peitao; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Long, Lindsey N.] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Zhao, Ming; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Larow, Timothy E.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Lim, Young-Kwon; Schubert, Siegfried D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Lim, Young-Kwon] IM Syst Grp, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Camargo, Suzana J.; Henderson, Naomi] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
[Jonas, Jeffrey A.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Jonas, Jeffrey A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Walsh, Kevin J. E.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM hui.wang@noaa.gov
RI Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Hu,
Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014
OI Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Vecchi,
Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400;
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430203, 2012CB417205];
National Nature Science Foundation of China [91437215, 41575090]; China
Meteorological Special Program [GYHY201506013, GYHY201406022,
GYHY201306028]; Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of
National Science Foundation of China [41520104008]
FX Most of this work was finished during a visit by Dr. Han to the Climate
Prediction Center, NCEP/NWS/NOAA. This research was jointly supported by
the National Basic Research Program of China under Grants 2013CB430203
and 2012CB417205, Key project of National Nature Science Foundation of
China under Grant 91437215, the China Meteorological Special Program
under Grants GYHY201506013, GYHY201406022, and GYHY201306028, the
National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant 41575090, and
the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National
Science Foundation of China (41520104008). The authors thank three
anonymous reviewers and the editor for their insightful and constructive
comments and suggestions.
NR 63
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 12
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 18
BP 6401
EP 6423
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0720.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW7JZ
UT WOS:000383828300001
ER
PT J
AU Hamman, J
Nijssen, B
Brunke, M
Cassano, J
Craig, A
DuVivier, A
Hughes, M
Lettenmaier, DP
Maslowski, W
Osinski, R
Roberts, A
Zeng, XB
AF Hamman, Joseph
Nijssen, Bart
Brunke, Michael
Cassano, John
Craig, Anthony
DuVivier, Alice
Hughes, Mimi
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
Maslowski, Wieslaw
Osinski, Robert
Roberts, Andrew
Zeng, Xubin
TI Land Surface Climate in the Regional Arctic System Model
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID BOREAL FOREST; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; VIC-2L MODEL; ERA-INTERIM;
PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; EARTH; DISCHARGE; UNCERTAINTY
AB The Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) is a fully coupled, regional Earth system model applied over the pan-Arctic domain. This paper discusses the implementation of the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model (VIC) in RASM and evaluates the ability of RASM, version 1.0, to capture key features of the land surface climate and hydrologic cycle for the period 1979-2014 in comparison with uncoupled VIC simulations, reanalysis datasets, satellite measurements, and in situ observations. RASM reproduces the dominant features of the land surface climatology in the Arctic, such as the amount and regional distribution of precipitation, the partitioning of precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration, the effects of snow on the water and energy balance, and the differences in turbulent fluxes between the tundra and taiga biomes. Surface air temperature biases in RASM, compared to reanalysis datasets ERA-Interim and MERRA, are generally less than 2 degrees C; however, in the cold seasons there are local biases that exceed 6 degrees C. Compared to satellite observations, RASM captures the annual cycle of snow-covered area well, although melt progresses about two weeks faster than observations in the late spring at high latitudes. With respect to derived fluxes, such as latent heat or runoff, RASM is shown to have similar performance statistics as ERA-Interim while differing substantially from MERRA, which consistently overestimates the evaporative flux across the Arctic region.
C1 [Hamman, Joseph; Nijssen, Bart] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Brunke, Michael; Zeng, Xubin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Cassano, John; DuVivier, Alice; Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cassano, John; DuVivier, Alice; Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Craig, Anthony; Maslowski, Wieslaw; Roberts, Andrew] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA.
[Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
[Osinski, Robert] Polish Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland.
RP Nijssen, B (reprint author), Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM nijssen@uw.edu
RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Nijssen, Bart/B-1013-2012;
OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; Nijssen, Bart/0000-0002-4062-0322;
Hamman, Joseph/0000-0001-7479-8439
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER64460, DE-SC0006856,
DE-SC0006178]; DOD
FX This research was supported under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grants
DE-FG02-07ER64460 and DE-SC0006856 to the University of Washington, and
DE-SC0006178 to the University of Colorado. Supercomputing resources
were provided through the Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance
Computing Modernization Program at the Army Engineer Research and
Development Center and the Air Force Research Laboratory. We would also
like to thank Jose Renteria and Kevin Lind for their early contributions
to the coupling of VIC within RASM, work that was funded through the DOD
user Productivity, Enhancement, Technology Transfer, and Training
(PETTT) program.
NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 13
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 18
BP 6543
EP 6562
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0415.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW7JZ
UT WOS:000383828300008
ER
PT J
AU Cox, CJ
Uttal, T
Long, CN
Shupe, MD
Stone, RS
Starkweather, S
AF Cox, Christopher J.
Uttal, Taneil
Long, Charles N.
Shupe, Matthew D.
Stone, Robert S.
Starkweather, Sandy
TI The Role of Springtime Arctic Clouds in Determining Autumn Sea Ice
Extent
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; SURFACE RADIATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; CLIMATE;
FLUXES; FRACTION; MELT; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; ENSEMBLE
AB Recent studies suggest that the atmosphere conditions arctic sea ice properties in spring in a way that may be an important factor in predetermining autumn sea ice concentrations. Here, the role of clouds in this system is analyzed using surface-based observations from Barrow, Alaska. Barrow is a coastal location situated adjacent to the region where interannual sea ice variability is largest. Barrow is also along a main transport pathway through which springtime advection of atmospheric energy from lower latitudes to the Arctic Ocean occurs. The cloud contribution is quantified using the observed surface radiative fluxes and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) derived therefrom, which can be positive or negative. In low sea ice years enhanced positive CRF (increased cloud cover enhancing longwave radiative forcing) in April is followed by decreased negative CRF (decreased cloud cover allowing a relative increase in shortwave radiative forcing) in May and June. The opposite is true in high sea ice years. In either case, the combination and timing of these early and late spring cloud radiative processes can serve to enhance the atmospheric preconditioning of sea ice. The net CRF (April and May) measured at Barrow from 1993 through 2014 is negatively correlated with sea ice extent in the following autumn (r(2) = 0.33; p < 0.01). Reanalysis data appear to capture the general timing and sign of the observed CRF anomalies at Barrow and suggest that the anomalies occur over a large region of the central Arctic Ocean, which supports the link between radiative processes observed at Barrow and the broader arctic sea ice extent.
C1 [Cox, Christopher J.; Long, Charles N.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Starkweather, Sandy] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cox, Christopher J.; Uttal, Taneil; Long, Charles N.; Shupe, Matthew D.; Starkweather, Sandy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Stone, Robert S.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Cox, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM christopher.j.cox@noaa.gov
RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011;
OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; COX, CHRISTOPHER/0000-0003-2203-7173
FU Arctic Research Program (ARP) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office (CPO); U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0011918]
FX This research is supported by the Arctic Research Program (ARP) of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program
Office (CPO). M.S. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Atmospheric System Research Program (DE-SC0011918). Measurements of
broadband radiative fluxes used in this study are from stations operated
by the NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD; available online at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/data/) and the U.S. Department of Energy
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (available online at
http://www.arm.gov). National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) sea ice
index data are available online (Fetterer et al. 2002). The Hadley
Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) dataset is
available online at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/. The
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim
reanalysis is available online at http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/. We
are appreciative of the input from members of the International Arctic
Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) Radiation Working Group
(http://iasoa.org).
NR 60
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 18
BP 6581
EP 6596
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0136.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW7JZ
UT WOS:000383828300010
ER
PT J
AU Livneh, B
Hoerling, MP
AF Livneh, Ben
Hoerling, Martin P.
TI The Physics of Drought in the US Central Great Plains
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIFIED LAND MODEL; HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; CONTERMINOUS
UNITED-STATES; SOIL-MOISTURE; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY;
COMPLEX TERRAIN; SURFACE FLUXES; PREDICTION; PRECIPITATION
AB The semiarid U.S. Great Plains is prone to severe droughts having major consequences for agricultural production, livestock health, and river navigation. The recent 2012 event was accompanied by record deficits in precipitation and high temperatures during the May August growing season. Here the physics of Great Plains drought are explored by addressing how meteorological drivers induce soil moisture deficits during the growing season. Land surface model (LSM) simulations driven by daily observed meteorological forcing from 1950 to 2013 compare favorably with satellite-derived terrestrial water anomalies and reproduce key features found in the U.S. Drought Monitor. Results from simulations by two LSMs reveal that precipitation was directly responsible for between 72% and 80% of the soil moisture depletion during 2012, and likewise has accounted for the majority of Great Plains soil moisture variability since 1950. Energy balance considerations indicate that a large fraction of the growing season temperature variability is itself driven by precipitation, pointing toward an even larger net contribution of precipitation to soil moisture variability.
To assess robustness across a larger sample of drought events, daily meteorological output from 1050 years of climate simulations, representative of conditions in 1979-2013, are used to drive two LSMs. Growing season droughts, and low soil moisture conditions especially, are confirmed to result principally from rainfall deficits. Antecedent meteorological and soil moisture conditions are shown to affect growing season soil moisture, but their effects are secondary to forcing by contemporaneous rainfall deficits. This understanding of the physics of growing season droughts is used to comment on plausible Great Plains soil moisture changes in a warmer world.
C1 [Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Livneh, Ben] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Livneh, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ben.livneh@colorado.edu
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and
Projections Program (MAPP); NASA's MAP program; U.S. Global Change
Research Program (USGCRP); National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]
FX The authors acknowledge the support from the NOAA's Climate Program
Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections Program
(MAPP), NASA's MAP program, and the U.S. Global Change Research Program
(USGCRP). We further acknowledge the assistance of Jon Eischeid for his
assistance in compiling simulated and observed ENSO data. This work
utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National
Science Foundation (Award CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado
Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of
Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National
Center for Atmospheric Research.
NR 64
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 12
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 18
BP 6783
EP 6804
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0697.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW7JZ
UT WOS:000383828300021
ER
PT J
AU Powell, LR
Piao, YM
Wang, YH
AF Powell, Lyndsey R.
Piao, Yanmei
Wang, YuHuang
TI Optical Excitation of Carbon Nanotubes Drives Localized Diazonium
Reactions
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEFECTS; FUNCTIONALIZATION;
MECHANISM
AB Covalent chemistries have been widely used to modify carbon nanomaterials; however, they typically lack the precision and efficiency required to directly engineer their optical and electronic properties. Here, we show, for the first time, that visible light which is tuned into resonance with carbon nanotubes can be used to drive their functionalization by aryldiazonium salts. The optical excitation accelerates the reaction rate 154-fold (13) and makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of covalent bonding to the sp(2) carbon lattice. Control experiments suggest that the reaction is dominated by a localized photothermal effect. This light-driven reaction paves the way for precise nanochemistry that can directly tailor carbon nanomaterials at the optical and electronic levels.
C1 [Powell, Lyndsey R.; Piao, Yanmei; Wang, YuHuang] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Piao, Yanmei] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM yhw@umd.edu
OI Powell, Lyndsey/0000-0002-7133-7546
FU NSF [CHE-1507974]; AFOSR through MURI [FA9550-16-1-0150]; NIH/NIGMS
[1R01GM114167]
FX This work was supported in part by NSF through grant CHE-1507974, by
AFOSR through MURI grant FA9550-16-1-0150, and by NIH/NIGMS through
grant 1R01GM114167.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7185
J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT
JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 7
IS 18
BP 3690
EP 3694
DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01771
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA DW4VT
UT WOS:000383641800026
PM 27588432
ER
PT J
AU Mishin, Y
Cahn, JW
AF Mishin, Y.
Cahn, J. W.
TI Thermodynamics of Cottrell atmospheres tested by atomistic simulations
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Dislocation; Cottrell atmosphere; Atomistic simulation; Thermodynamics
of solid solutions
ID THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM; ELLIPSOIDAL INCLUSION; ELASTIC FIELD;
SOLIDS; STRESS; DISLOCATIONS; SYSTEM
AB Solute atoms can segregate to elastically deformed lattice regions around a dislocation and form an equilibrium distribution called the Cottrell atmosphere. We compare two approaches to describe Cottrell atmospheres. In the Eshelby theory, the solid solution is represented by a composite material obtained by insertion of misfitting elastic spheres (solute atoms) into an elastic matrix (solvent). The theory proposed by Larche and Cahn (LC) treats the solution as an elastic continuum and describes elasto-chemical equilibrium using the concept of open-system elastic coefficients. The two theories are based on significantly different concepts and diverge in some of their predictions, particularly regarding the existence of screening of dislocation stress fields by atmospheres. To evaluate predictive capabilities of the two theories, we perform atomistic computer simulations of Al segregation on a dislocation in Ni. The results confirm the existence of hydrostatic stress screening in good agreement with the LC theory. The composition field is also in much better agreement with the LC prediction than with the Eshelby theory. However, the simulations confirm the logarithmic divergence of the total amount of solute segregation as expected from the Eshelby theory, whereas the LC theory predicts the total segregation to be zero. Several other aspects of the two theories are analyzed. Possible non-linear extensions of the LC theory are outlined. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mishin, Y.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Cahn, J. W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mishin, Y (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MSN 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM ymishin@gmu.edu
RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement
Laboratory, the Materials Science and Engineering Division
FX This work was presented by the authors at the TMS Annual Meeting and
Exhibition in March 2015. While the paper was in preparation, J.W.C.
passed away on March 14, 2016. Y.M. takes responsibility for the final
version of the manuscript. This research was supported by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory,
the Materials Science and Engineering Division.
NR 30
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U1 13
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 117
BP 197
EP 206
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.013
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DV5XZ
UT WOS:000383005300019
ER
PT J
AU Kneifel, J
Webb, D
AF Kneifel, Joshua
Webb, David
TI Predicting energy performance of a net-zero energy building: A
statistical approach
SO APPLIED ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Net-zero; Residential buildings; Statistical modeling; Whole building
energy simulation; Regression analysis
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS;
MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; CONSUMPTION; GENERATION; SYSTEMS; DEMAND; DESIGN;
MODELS
AB Performance-based building requirements have become more prevalent because it gives freedom in building design while still maintaining or exceeding the energy performance required by prescriptive based requirements. In order to determine if building designs reach target energy efficiency improvements, it is necessary to estimate the energy performance of a building using predictive models and different weather conditions. Physics-based whole building energy simulation modeling is the most common approach. However, these physics-based models include underlying assumptions and require significant amounts of information in order to specify the input parameter values. An alternative approach to test the performance of a building is to develop a statistically derived predictive regression model using post-occupancy data that can accurately predict energy consumption and production based on a few common weather-based factors, thus requiring less information than simulation models. A regression model based on measured data should be able to predict energy performance of a building for a given day as long as the weather conditions are similar to those during the data collection time frame. This article uses data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) to develop and validate a regression model to predict the energy performance of the NZERTF using two weather variables aggregated to the daily level, applies the model to estimate the energy performance of hypothetical NZERTFs located in different cities in the Mixed-Humid Climate Zone, and compares these estimates to the results from already existing EnergyPlus whole building energy simulations. This regression model exhibits agreement with EnergyPlus predictive trends in energy production and net consumption, but differs greatly in energy consumption. The model can be used as a framework for alternative and more complex models based on the experimental data collected from the NZERTF. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kneifel, Joshua; Webb, David] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Webb, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.webb@nist.gov
NR 39
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U1 9
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0306-2619
EI 1872-9118
J9 APPL ENERG
JI Appl. Energy
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 178
BP 468
EP 483
DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.013
PG 16
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA DU6QW
UT WOS:000382340700038
PM 27956756
ER
PT J
AU Yang, JJ
Samarakoon, AM
Hong, KW
Copley, JRD
Huang, QZ
Tennant, A
Sato, TJ
Lee, SH
AF Yang, Junjie
Samarakoon, Anjana M.
Hong, Kyun Woo
Copley, John R. D.
Huang, Qingzhen
Tennant, Alan
Sato, Taku J.
Lee, Seung-Hun
TI Glassy Behavior and Isolated Spin Dimers in a New Frustrated Magnet
BaCr9pGa12-9pO19
SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; KAGOME LATTICE;
SRCR9PGA12-9PO19; EXCITATIONS; ORDER
AB Using bulk susceptibility and neutron scattering techniques, we have studied a new frustrated magnet, BaCr9pGa12-9pO19 [BCGO(p)], with 0.4 less than or similar to p less than or similar to 0.9. This system is isostructural to SrCr(9)pGa(12-9p)O(19) [SCGO(p)], in which the magnetic Cr3+ (3d(3), s = 3/2) ions form a quasi-two-dimensional triangular lattice of bi-pyramids or kagome-triangle-kagome trilayers. Our bulk susceptibility data exhibit glassy behavior at temperatures much lower than the absolute values of the Curie-Weiss temperature Theta(CW) approximate to -695(1) K for BCGO(p = 0.902(8)). The frustration index vertical bar Theta(CW)vertical bar/T-f is as high as 190 for BCGO(p = 0.902(8)) indicating strong frustration. Our inelastic neutron scattering data on BCGO(p = 0.902(8)) reveal a dispersionless magnetic excitation centered at (h) over bar omega = 16.5(1) meV, due to a singlet to triplet excitation of spin s = 3/2 dimers. The spin dimers are formed by Cr3+ ions in two 4f(vi) layers that lie between 12k-2a-12k (kagome-triangle-kagome) trilayers. These results indicate that BCGO(p) is another good candidate system for a strongly frustrated quasi-two-dimensional magnet.
C1 [Yang, Junjie; Samarakoon, Anjana M.; Hong, Kyun Woo; Lee, Seung-Hun] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Samarakoon, Anjana M.; Tennant, Alan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Copley, John R. D.; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sato, Taku J.] Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM jy6p@virginia.edu; sl5eb@eservices.virginia.edu
RI Tennant, David/Q-2497-2015; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015
OI Tennant, David/0000-0002-9575-3368; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; NSF [DMR-1508249]
FX AS is supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The work at NIST
Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) was supported in part by the NSF
under Agreement DMR-1508249. The identification of any commercial
product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by
the NIST.
NR 28
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U1 8
U2 9
PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034,
JAPAN
SN 0031-9015
J9 J PHYS SOC JPN
JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 85
IS 9
AR 094712
DI 10.7566/JPSJ.85.094712
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DU5LY
UT WOS:000382254400050
ER
PT J
AU Nesvacil, K
Carls, M
Holland, L
Wright, S
AF Nesvacil, Kelly
Carls, Mark
Holland, Larry
Wright, Sadie
TI Assessment of bioavailable hydrocarbons in Pribilof Island rock
sandpiper fall staging areas and overwintering habitat
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Pribilof Island rock sandpiper; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs);
Cook inlet, Alaska, USA; Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA; Pollution
sources
ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COOK INLET; SEDIMENTS; ALASKA; SPILL; MARINE;
CONTAMINANTS
AB At present, significant adverse hydrocarbon influence on the Pribilof Island rock sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis ptilocnemis) is unlikely. Almost the entire population overwinters in Cook Inlet and breeds on four Bering Sea islands. Passive samplers deployed several times in a three year period and corresponding sediment and soft tissue samples on St. Paul Island and in Cook Inlet generally accumulated small quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Composition was consistent with oil in <15% of the passive samplers and rarely in soft tissue. Total PAH concentrations in corresponding sediment were very low (<42 ng/g dry weight); composition was consistent with oil in 39% of these samples and biomarker composition confirmed this on St Paul Island. However, composition was dominated by normal alkanes from natural sources. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Nesvacil, Kelly; Wright, Sadie] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1255 W 8th St, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.
[Carls, Mark; Holland, Larry] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs,Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Nesvacil, K (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, POB 115526, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM kelly.nesvacil@alaska.gov; mark.carls@noaa.gov; larry.holland@noaa.gov;
sadie.wright@noaa.gov
FU Coastal Impact Assistance Program [F12AF70140]
FX This project was funded through the Coastal Impact Assistance Program
Grant #F12AF70140. In kind support was provided by NOAA Fisheries, ADF&G
State Wildlife Grant Funds, and State of Alaska General Funds. We thank
Dan Ruthrauff, USGS; Pamela Lestenkoff, Phil Zavadil and the Aleut
Community of St. Paul Island Tribal Government; and all the staff who
helped support this project in the field and in the lab.
NR 31
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U1 5
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD SEP 15
PY 2016
VL 110
IS 1
BP 415
EP 423
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.032
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DU6QO
UT WOS:000382339900057
PM 27342900
ER
PT J
AU Stanley, JT
Lewandowski, HJ
AF Stanley, Jacob T.
Lewandowski, H. J.
TI Lab notebooks as scientific communication: Investigating development
from undergraduate courses to graduate research
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB In experimental physics, lab notebooks play an essential role in the research process. For all of the ubiquity of lab notebooks, little formal attention has been paid to addressing what is considered "best practice" for scientific documentation and how researchers come to learn these practices in experimental physics. Using interviews with practicing researchers, namely, physics graduate students, we explore the different experiences researchers had in learning how to effectively use a notebook for scientific documentation. We find that very few of those interviewed thought that their undergraduate lab classes successfully taught them the benefit of maintaining a lab notebook. Most described training in lab notebook use as either ineffective or outright missing from their undergraduate lab course experience. Furthermore, a large majority of those interviewed explained that they did not receive any formal training in maintaining a lab notebook during their graduate school experience and received little to no feedback from their advisors on these records. Many of the interviewees describe learning the purpose of, and how to maintain, these kinds of lab records only after having a period of trial and error, having already started doing research in their graduate program. Despite the central role of scientific documentation in the research enterprise, these physics graduate students did not gain skills in documentation through formal instruction, but rather through informal hands-on practice.
C1 [Stanley, Jacob T.; Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lewandowski, H. J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lewandowski, H. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Stanley, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU NSF [DUE-1323101, PHY-1125844]
FX We would like to acknowledge and thank all of the graduate students who
took part in this study as well as Dimitri Dounas-Frazer and Bethany
Wilcox for their helpful feedback. This work was supported by NSF Grants
No. DUE-1323101 and No. PHY-1125844.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9896
J9 PHYS REV PHYS EDUC R
JI Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 2
AR UNSP 020129
DI 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.020129
PG 11
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Education & Educational Research
GA EJ7KF
UT WOS:000393399900001
ER
PT J
AU Fredin, LA
Persson, P
AF Fredin, Lisa A.
Persson, Petter
TI Computational characterization of competing energy and electron transfer
states in bimetallic donor-acceptor systems for photocatalytic
conversion
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; RU-II COMPLEXES;
CHARGE-TRANSFER; WATER OXIDATION; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POLYPYRIDYL
COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR ARRAYS; COBALT COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATES
AB The rapidly growing interest in photocatalytic systems for direct solar fuel production such as hydrogen generation from water splitting is grounded in the unique opportunity to achieve charge separation in molecular systems provided by electron transfer processes. In general, both photoinduced and catalytic processes involve complicated dynamics that depend on both structural and electronic effects. Here the excited state landscape of metal centered light harvester-catalyst pairs is explored using density functional theory calculations. In weakly bound systems, the interplay between structural and electronic factors involved can be constructed from the various mononuclear relaxed excited states. For this study, supramolecular states of electron transfer and excitation energy transfer character have been constructed from constituent full optimizations of multiple charge/spin states for a set of three Ru-based light harvesters and nine transition metal catalysts (based on Ru, Rh, Re, Pd, and Co) in terms of energy, structure, and electronic properties. The complete set of combined charge-spin states for each donor-acceptor system provides information about the competition of excited state energy transfer states with the catalytically active electron transfer states, enabling the identification of the most promising candidates for photocatalytic applications from this perspective.
C1 [Fredin, Lisa A.] NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Persson, Petter] Lund Univ, Theoret Chem Div, Dept Chem, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
RP Fredin, LA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lisa.fredin@nist.gov
FU NSC; LUNARC; NIST-Raritan; Crafoord Foundation; Swedish Research
Council; Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten); Knut and Alice
Wallenberg Foundation; NIST-NRC
FX We acknowledge our funding support as well as supercomputing facilities
support from the NSC, LUNARC, and NIST-Raritan.; This work was supported
by the Crafoord Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish
Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten), and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg
Foundation. L.A.F. acknowledges funding from the NIST-NRC fellowship
program.
NR 70
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U1 14
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
EI 1089-7690
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 145
IS 10
AR 104310
DI 10.1063/1.4962254
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA DW9EO
UT WOS:000383959000021
PM 27634263
ER
PT J
AU Hemmerling, B
Chae, E
Ravi, A
Anderegg, L
Drayna, GK
Hutzler, NR
Collopy, AL
Ye, J
Ketterle, W
Doyle, JM
AF Hemmerling, Boerge
Chae, Eunmi
Ravi, Aakash
Anderegg, Loic
Drayna, Garrett K.
Hutzler, Nicholas R.
Collopy, Alejandra L.
Ye, Jun
Ketterle, Wolfgang
Doyle, John M.
TI Laser slowing of CaF molecules to near the capture velocity of a
molecular MOT
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE laser slowing of molecules; molecular magneto-optical trap; white-light
slowing; cryogenic buffer-gas beam source
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; POLAR-MOLECULES; DIPOLAR COLLISIONS;
DIATOMIC MOLECULE; QUANTUM GASES; ATOMS; COLD
AB Laser slowing of CaF molecules down to the capture velocity of a magneto-optical trap for molecules is achieved. Starting from a two-stage buffer gas beam source, we apply frequency-broadened 'white-light' slowing and observe approximately 6 x 10(4) CaF molecules in a single pulse with velocities 10 +/- 4 m s(-1). CaF is a candidate for collisional studies in the mK regime. This work represents a significant step towards magneto-optical trapping of CaF.
C1 [Hemmerling, Boerge; Chae, Eunmi; Ravi, Aakash; Anderegg, Loic; Hutzler, Nicholas R.; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Hemmerling, Boerge; Chae, Eunmi; Ravi, Aakash; Anderegg, Loic; Drayna, Garrett K.; Hutzler, Nicholas R.; Ketterle, Wolfgang; Doyle, John M.] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Drayna, Garrett K.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Collopy, Alejandra L.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Collopy, Alejandra L.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Collopy, Alejandra L.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ketterle, Wolfgang] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Hemmerling, Boerge] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chae, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Chae, E (reprint author), Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM eunmi@cua.harvard.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011
FU ARO; NSF
FX We thank Benjamin Augenbraun for proofreading the manuscript. We
acknowledge funding support from ARO and NSF.
NR 60
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U1 12
U2 12
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
EI 1361-6455
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 17
AR 174001
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/49/17/174001
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DX1EL
UT WOS:000384108600005
ER
PT J
AU Richards, JJ
Scherbarth, AD
Wagner, NJ
Butler, PD
AF Richards, Jeffrey J.
Scherbarth, Austin D.
Wagner, Norman J.
Butler, Paul D.
TI Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Surface Layers Adsorbed on Colloidal
Silica for Flow Battery Applications
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE composite; nanoparticle; small angle neutron scattering; flow battery;
rheology
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYELECTROLYTE ADSORPTION; ELECTROPHORETIC
MOBILITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COUNTERION CONDENSATION; PERCOLATION;
PARTICLES
AB Slurry based, electrodes have shown promise as an energy dense and scalable storage technology for electrochemical flow batteries. Key to their efficient operation is the use of a conductive additive which allows for volumetric charging and discharging of the electrochemically active species contained within the electrodes. Carbon black, is commonly used for this purpose due to the relatively low concentrations needed to maintain electrical percolation. While carbon black supplies the desirable electrical properties for the application, it contributes detrimentally to the rheology characteristics of these concentrated suspensions. In this work, we develop a synthesis protocol to produce inorganic oxide particles with electrostatically adsorbed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PE-DOT:PSS). Using a combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron microscopy, and thin-film conductivity, we show that the synthesis scheme provides a flexible platform to form conductive PEDOT:PSS-SiO2 nanoparticle dispersions. Based on these measurements, we demonstrate that these particles are stable when dispersed in propylene carbonate.-Using a combination of rheology and dielectric spectroscopy,, we show that these stable dispersions facilitate electrical percolation at concentrations below their mechanical percolation threshold, and this percolation is maintained under flow. These results demonstrate the potential for strategies which seek to decouple mechanical and electrical percolation to allow for the development of higher performance conductive additives for slurry based flow batteries.
C1 [Richards, Jeffrey J.; Scherbarth, Austin D.; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wagner, Norman J.; Butler, Paul D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA.
RP Butler, PD (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Butler, PD (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE USA.
EM Paul.Butler@nist.gov
RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011
OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X;
FU NIST Center for Neutron Research CNS [70NANB12H239]; National Research
Council; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the NIST Center for Neutron
Research CNS cooperative agreement number #70NANB12H239 grant for
partial funding during this time period as well as the National Research
Council for support. A.S. acknowledges partial funding support from the
National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. The authors
would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Cedric Gagnon for
assistance in modification of the ARES G2 rheometer for steady-shear
electrical measurements. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or
materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the
experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended
to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials
or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 27
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U1 17
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 36
BP 24089
EP 24096
DI 10.1021/acsami.6b07372
PG 8
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DW1OH
UT WOS:000383412000072
PM 27536887
ER
PT J
AU Nava, M
Martin-Drumel, MA
Lopez, CA
Crabtree, KN
Womack, CC
Nguyen, TL
Thorwirth, S
Cummins, CC
Stanton, JF
McCarthy, MC
AF Nava, Matthew
Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline
Lopez, Christopher A.
Crabtree, Kyle N.
Womack, Caroline C.
Nguyen, Thanh L.
Thorwirth, Sven
Cummins, Christopher C.
Stanton, John F.
McCarthy, Michael C.
TI Spontaneous and Selective Formation of HSNO, a Crucial Intermediate
Linking H2S and Nitroso Chemistries
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRIC-OXIDE SOLUTIONS; S-NITROSOTHIOLS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE;
DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; VENTILATORY RESPONSE; HNO; ISOMERIZATION;
DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION
AB Thionitrous acid (HSNO), a potential key intermediate in biological signaling pathways, has been proposed to link NO and H2S biochemistries, but its existence and stability in vivo remain controversial. We establish that HSNO is spontaneously formed in high concentration when NO and H2S gases are mixed at room temperature in the presence of metallic surfaces. Our measurements reveal that HSNO is formed by the reaction H2S + N2O3 -> HSNO + HNO2, where N2O3 is a product of NO disproportionation. These studies also suggest that further reaction of HSNO with H2S may form HNO and HSSH. The length of the S-N bond has been derived to high precision and is found to be unusually long: 1.84 angstrom, the longest S-N bond reported to date for an R-SNO compound. The present structural and, particularly, reactivity investigations of this elusive molecule provide a firm foundation to better understand its potential physiological chemistry and propensity to undergo S-N bond cleavage in vivo.
C1 [Nava, Matthew; Womack, Caroline C.; Cummins, Christopher C.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline; Crabtree, Kyle N.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline; Crabtree, Kyle N.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Lopez, Christopher A.; Nguyen, Thanh L.; Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Thorwirth, Sven] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
[Crabtree, Kyle N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Womack, Caroline C.] NOAA ESRL, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM mmccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011;
OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; Cummins,
Christopher/0000-0003-2568-3269; Martin-Drumel,
Marie-Aline/0000-0002-5460-4294
FU NASA [NNX13AE59G]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1362118]; CfA
Postdoctoral Fellowship from Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory;
Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Postdoctoral Program in
Environmental Chemistry; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [TH
1301/3-2]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy
Science [DE-FG02-07ER1588]
FX We thank Dr. Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic for an insightful and helpful
discussion of HSNO biochemistry. The experimental work is supported by
NASA grant NNX13AE59G. This material is based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under CHE-1362118. M.A.M.-D. and K.N.C. were
supported by a CfA Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory and C.C.W. by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus
Foundation Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry. S.T.
gratefully acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG) through Grant TH 1301/3-2. J.F.S. and T.L.N. were supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science
(award no. DE-FG02-07ER1588).
NR 35
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 22
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 36
BP 11441
EP 11444
DI 10.1021/jacs.6b05886
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA DW1NU
UT WOS:000383410700005
PM 27540860
ER
PT J
AU Zheng, WW
Borgia, A
Buholzer, K
Grishaev, A
Schuler, B
Best, RB
AF Zheng, Wenwei
Borgia, Alessandro
Buholzer, Karin
Grishaev, Alexander
Schuler, Benjamin
Best, Robert B.
TI Probing the Action of Chemical Denaturant on an Intrinsically Disordered
Protein by Simulation and Experiment
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS UREA
SOLUTIONS; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; REDUCED RIBONUCLEASE-A;
SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; SINGLE-MOLECULE; UNFOLDED PROTEINS; FORCE-FIELD;
AMINO-ACIDS
AB Chemical denaturants are the most commonly used agents for unfolding proteins and are thought to act by better solvating the unfolded state. Improved solvation is expected to lead to an expansion of unfolded chains with increasing denaturant concentration, providing a sensitive probe of the denaturant action. However, experiments have so far yielded qualitatively different results concerning the effects of chemical denaturation. Studies using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and other methods found an increase in radius of gyration with denaturant concentration, but Most smalt-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies found no change. This discrepancy therefore challenges our understanding of denaturation mechanism :and more generally the accuracy of these experiments as applied to unfolded or disordered proteins. Here, We use all-atom molecular simulations to investigate the effect of urea and guanidinium chloride on the structure of the intrinsically disordered protein ACTR, which can be studied by experiment over a wide range of denaturant concentration. Using unbiased molecular simulations with a carefully calibrated denaturant model, we find that the protein chain indeed swells with increasing denaturant concentration. This is due to the favorable association of urea or guanidinium chloride with the backbone of all residues and with the side-chains of almost all residues, with denaturant water transfer free energies inferred from this association in reasonable accord with experimental estimates. Interactions of the denaturants with the backbone are dominated by hydrogen bonding, while interactions with side chains include other contributions. By computing FRET efficiencies and SAXS intensities at each denaturant concentration, we show that the simulation trajectories are in accord with both experiments on thiS protein, demonstrating that there is no fundamental inconsistency between the two types of experiment. Agreement with experiment also supports the picture of chemical denaturation described in our simulations, driven by weak association of denaturant with the protein. Our simulations support some assumptions needed for each experiment to accurately reflect changes in protein size, namely, that the commonly used FRET chromophores do not qualitatively alter the results and that possible effects such as preferential Solvent partitioning into the interior of the chain do not interfere with the determination of radius of gyration from the SAXS experiments.
C1 [Zheng, Wenwei; Best, Robert B.] NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Borgia, Alessandro; Buholzer, Karin; Schuler, Benjamin] Univ Zurich, Dept Biochem, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Grishaev, Alexander] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Grishaev, Alexander] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Zheng, WW; Best, RB (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM wenwei.zheng@nih.gov; robertbe@helix.nih.gov
RI Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011
OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251
FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the
National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Standards and
Technology; Swiss National Science Foundation
FX We would like to thank Jurgen Kofinger and Gerhard Hummer for providing
their software package to perform the all-atom SAXS intensity
calculation. R.B. and W.Z. were supported by the intramural research
program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, and A.G. was supported by
intramural funding from the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. The work at the University of Zurich was supported by the
Swiss National Science Foundation. This work utilized the computational
resources of the NIH HPC Biowulf cluster (http://hpc.nih.gov).
NR 112
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 39
U2 39
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 36
BP 11702
EP 11713
DI 10.1021/jacs.6b05443
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA DW1NU
UT WOS:000383410700043
PM 27583687
ER
PT J
AU Borgia, A
Zheng, WW
Buholzer, K
Borgia, MB
Schuler, A
Hofmann, H
Soranno, A
Nettels, D
Gast, K
Grishaev, A
Best, RB
Schuler, B
AF Borgia, Alessandro
Zheng, Wenwei
Buholzer, Karin
Borgia, Madeleine B.
Schueler, Anja
Hofmann, Hagen
Soranno, Andrea
Nettels, Daniel
Gast, Klaus
Grishaev, Alexander
Best, Robert B.
Schuler, Benjamin
TI Consistent View of Polypeptide Chain Expansion in Chemical Denaturants
from Multiple Experimental Methods
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS; SINGLE-MOLECULE
FRET; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; END DISTANCE DISTRIBUTIONS;
RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; COIL-GLOBULE TRANSITION; RIBONUCLEASE-A;
UNFOLDED PROTEINS; FOLDING DYNAMICS
AB There has been a long-standing controversy regarding the effect of chemical denaturants on the dimensions of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins: A wide range of experimental techniques suggest that polypeptide chains expand with increasing denaturant concentration, but several studies using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have reported no: such increase of the radius of gyration (R-g). This inconsistency challenges our current understanding of the mechanism of chemical denaturants, which are widely employed to investigate protein folding and stability. Here, we use a combination Of single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), SAXS, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and two-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2f-FCS) to characterize the denaturant dependence of the unfolded state of the spectrin domain R17 and the intrinsically disordered protein ACTR in two different denaturants. Standard analysis of the primary data clearly indicates an expansion of the unfolded state with increasing denaturant concentration irrespective of the protein, denaturant, or experimental method used. This is the first case in which SAXS and FRET have yielded even qualitatively consistent results regarding expansion in denaturant when applied to the same proteins. To more directly illustrate this self-consistency, we used both SAXS and FRET data in a Bayesian procedure to refine structural ensembles representative of the observed unfolded state. This analysis demonstrates that both of these experimental probes are compatible with a common ensemble of protein configurations for each denaturant concentration. Furthermore, the resulting ensembles reproduce the trend of increasing hydrodynamic radius, with denaturant concentration obtained by 2f-FCS,and DLS. We were thus able to reconcile the results from all four experimental techniques quantitatively, to obtain a comprehensive structural picture of denaturant;induced unfolded state expansion, and to identify the Most likely sources of earlier discrepancies.
C1 [Borgia, Alessandro; Buholzer, Karin; Borgia, Madeleine B.; Hofmann, Hagen; Soranno, Andrea; Nettels, Daniel; Schuler, Benjamin] Univ Zurich, Dept Biochem, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Schuler, Benjamin] Univ Zurich, Dept Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Zheng, Wenwei; Best, Robert B.] NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Schueler, Anja; Gast, Klaus] Univ Potsdam, Phys Biochem, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
[Grishaev, Alexander] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Grishaev, Alexander] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Hofmann, Hagen] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, Rehovot, Israel.
RP Borgia, A; Schuler, B (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Biochem, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.; Schuler, B (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.; Best, RB (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.; Gast, K (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Phys Biochem, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.; Grishaev, A (reprint author), NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.; Grishaev, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM a.borgia@bioc.uzh.ch; khpgast@uni-potsdam.de;
alexander.grishaev@nist.gov; robertbe@helix.nih.gov; schuler@bioc.uzh.ch
RI Schuler, Benjamin/E-7342-2011
OI Schuler, Benjamin/0000-0002-5970-4251
FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the
National Institutes of Health; Swiss National Science foundation;
European Research Council; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National
Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank Ad Bax, William Eaton, Gilad Haran, and Dave Thirumalai for
helpful comments and suggestions, Jane Clarke for an expression plasmid
for R17, Franziska Zosel for a high yield expression plasmid for ACTR,
and Andrea Holla for help in identifying suitable alternative FRET
pairs. R.B. and W.Z. were supported by the intramural research program
of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
of the National Institutes of Health. This work utilized the
computational resources of the NIH HPC Biowulf cluster
(http://hpc.nih.gov). Work at the University of Zurich was supported by
funding from the Swiss National Science foundation and the European
Research Council. For the SAXS experiments, we gratefully acknowledge
use of the SAXS Core Facility of Center for Cancer Research, National
Cancer Institute (NCI). Scattering data were acquired using the shared
scattering beamline 12-ID-B resource allocated under the PUP-24152
agreement between the National Cancer Institute and Argonne National
Laboratory (ANL). We thank Dr. Lixin Fan (NCI) and Dr. Xiaobing Zuo
(ANL) for their expert support. The Advanced Photon Source, a U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, is operated
for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 103
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 21
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 36
BP 11714
EP 11726
DI 10.1021/jacs.6b05917
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA DW1NU
UT WOS:000383410700044
PM 27583570
ER
PT J
AU Davis, CS
Orloff, ND
Woodcock, JW
Long, CJ
Twedt, KA
Natarajan, B
Seppala, JE
McClelland, JJ
Obrzut, J
Liddle, JA
Gilman, JW
AF Davis, Chelsea S.
Orloff, Nathan D.
Woodcock, Jeremiah W.
Long, Christian J.
Twedt, Kevin A.
Natarajan, Bharath
Seppala, Jonathan E.
McClelland, Jabez J.
Obrzut, Jan
Liddle, J. Alexander
Gilman, Jeffrey W.
TI Cure temperature influences composite electrical properties by carbon
nanotube-rich domain formation
SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon nanotubes; Nanocomposites; Electrical properties; Non-destructive
testing; Scanning ion microscopy
ID EPOXY COMPOSITES; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; DISPERSION;
TRANSPARENT; PERCOLATION; MICROSCOPY; POLYMERS; FILMS
AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites are enticing materials that enable engineers to tailor structural and electrical properties for applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. CNT mass fraction and the matrix cure temperature are two ways to tune the direct and alternating current electrical properties of these nanocomposites; yet, how mass fraction and cure temperature affect electrical properties remains unclear. In many cases, nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes appear in concentrated domains within the nanocomposite. Recent insights into nanoparticle-rich domain formation and its influence on electrical properties raise questions about which processing variables might optimally tune a material's functionality. Utilizing recently developed, nondestructive measurement techniques such as scanning lithium ion microscopy and microwave cavity perturbation spectroscopy, new insights are presented into the role of mass fraction and cure temperature in multiwall carbon nanotube - bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy composites. Here, it is found that both mass fraction and cure temperature affect the electrical properties. Specifically, beyond the electrical percolation threshold, the DC conductivity is an order of magnitude higher for composites prepared at elevated cure temperatures for a given CNT mass fraction. Direct observations of the microdomain morphology do not show substantial differences due to cure temperature. These findings suggest pathways to generate designer nanocomposites for advanced electrically-active applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Davis, Chelsea S.; Orloff, Nathan D.; Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Seppala, Jonathan E.; Obrzut, Jan; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Long, Christian J.; Twedt, Kevin A.; Natarajan, Bharath; McClelland, Jabez J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Long, Christian J.; Twedt, Kevin A.; Natarajan, Bharath] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov
RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013;
OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; McClelland,
Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Nano EHS
Initiative; National Research Council Research Assistantship Program;
National Nanotechnology Initiative; University of Maryland
[70NANB10H193]; NIST [70NANB10H193, 70NANB12H188]; Rice University;
AFOSR [MIPR F4FGA04094G002]
FX Research was supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) Nano EH&S Initiative, the National Research Council
Research Assistantship Program (for C.S.D.), and the National
Nanotechnology Initiative. Additional funding was provided by a
Cooperative Research Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland
and the NIST grant 70NANB10H193 (for C.J.L., K.A.T., and B.N.); by a CRA
between Rice University and NIST grant 70NANB12H188 (for N.D.O.). J.W.G
and J.W.W. thank AFOSR for funding (MIPR F4FGA04094G002). Sample
preparation was performed at the United States Naval Academy with the
assistance of Prof. Paul Trulove, Dr. Kurt Sweely and Dr. E. Kate Brown.
We thank Dr. Truman Wilson for his help maintaining the lithium ion
microscope during SLIM imaging. All measurements were conducted at the
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, a user facility at NIST.
This work was performed in collaboration with the Material Measurement
Laboratory at NISI in support of the National Nanotechnology Initiative.
NR 56
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 17
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-3538
EI 1879-1050
J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL
JI Compos. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 133
BP 23
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.07.012
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Composites
SC Materials Science
GA DV5YF
UT WOS:000383005900004
ER
PT J
AU Bao, N
Bouland, A
Jordan, SP
AF Bao, Ning
Bouland, Adam
Jordan, Stephen P.
TI Grover Search and the No-Signaling Principle
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONLINEAR QUANTUM-MECHANICS; TIME-LIKE CURVES; FIELD-THEORIES;
POLYNOMIAL-TIME; COMPUTERS; STATE; NP
AB Two of the key properties of quantum physics are the no-signaling principle and the Grover search lower bound. That is, despite admitting stronger-than-classical correlations, quantum mechanics does not imply superluminal signaling, and despite a form of exponential parallelism, quantum mechanics does not imply polynomial-time brute force solution of NP-complete problems. Here, we investigate the degree to which these two properties are connected. We examine four classes of deviations from quantum mechanics, for which we draw inspiration from the literature on the black hole information paradox. We show that in these models, the physical resources required to send a superluminal signal scale polynomially with the resources needed to speed up Grover's algorithm. Hence the no-signaling principle is equivalent to the inability to solve NP-hard problems efficiently by brute force within the classes of theories analyzed.
C1 [Bao, Ning] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bao, Ning] CALTECH, Walter Burke Inst Theoret Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bouland, Adam] MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jordan, Stephen P.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Bao, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Bao, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Walter Burke Inst Theoret Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
FU DuBridge Postdoctoral Fellowship; Institute for Quantum Information and
Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NFS Grant) [PHY-1125565];
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF-12500028]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-SC0011632];
NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [1122374]; NSF Alan T. Waterman award
[1249349]
FX We thank Patrick Hayden, Daniel Harlow, David Meyer, Andrew Childs, and
Debbie Leung for useful discussions. Portions of this Letter are a
contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, and are not
subject to U.S. copyright. This material is based upon work supported by
the DuBridge Postdoctoral Fellowship, by the Institute for Quantum
Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NFS Grant No.
PHY-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
(GBMF-12500028), by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of High Energy Physics, under Award No. DE-SC0011632, by the NSF
Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374, and by the NSF
Alan T. Waterman award under Grant No. 1249349. N. B. and A. B. would
also like to thank QuICS for their hospitality during the completion of
this project.
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 12
AR 120501
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.120501
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DV8FH
UT WOS:000383172400003
ER
PT J
AU Nandjou, F
Poirot-Crouvezier, JP
Chandesris, M
Rosini, S
Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
LaManna, JM
Morin, A
Bultel, Y
AF Nandjou, F.
Poirot-Crouvezier, J. -P.
Chandesris, M.
Rosini, S.
Hussey, D. S.
Jacobson, D. L.
LaManna, J. M.
Morin, A.
Bultel, Y.
TI A pseudo-3D model to investigate heat and water transport in large area
PEM fuel cells - Part 2: Application on an automotive driving cycle
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PEMFC; Local temperature; Humidity; Current density; Automotive power
profile; Neutron imaging
ID NEUTRON-RADIOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; PHASE
AB In this work, the pseudo-3D multiphysics model introduced in Part 1 of this two-part series of papers is used to investigate heat and water transport in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell designed for an automotive application. The main advantage of the model is the consideration of the bipolar plate design and the detailed description of the studied geometrical domain while maintaining an acceptable computational time. When applied on an automotive cycle, the simulation results highlight the impact of the bipolar plate design on temperature and humidity heterogeneities. The operating conditions induce a non-uniform cycling of temperature and humidity over the cell active area. In addition, at a more local scale, the increase in fuel cell load leads to larger heterogeneities between channel and rib, for temperature as well as for humidity. The results of the simulation of liquid water distribution are in good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating the reliability and robustness of the model which can be used for the design of new bipolar plates or to understand the degradation phenomena. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nandjou, F.; Poirot-Crouvezier, J. -P.; Chandesris, M.; Rosini, S.; Morin, A.; Bultel, Y.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
[Nandjou, F.; Poirot-Crouvezier, J. -P.; Chandesris, M.; Rosini, S.; Morin, A.] CEA Grenoble, LITEN, DEHT, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
[Nandjou, F.; Bultel, Y.] CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
[Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; LaManna, J. M.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bultel, Y (reprint author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
EM Yann.Bultel@lepmi.grenoble-inp.fr
OI Rosini, Sebastien/0000-0002-7994-3575
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
EI 1879-3487
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD SEP 14
PY 2016
VL 41
IS 34
BP 15573
EP 15584
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.007
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA DV3AI
UT WOS:000382793000048
ER
PT J
AU Murray, CR
Gorshkov, AV
Pohl, T
AF Murray, C. R.
Gorshkov, A. V.
Pohl, T.
TI Many-body decoherence dynamics and optimized operation of a
single-photon switch
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE quantum nonlinear optics; Rydberg gases; dissipative many body physics;
quantum information; optimal control
ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; NONLINEAR OPTICS; QUANTUM;
TRANSISTOR; ATOMS; STATE
AB Wedevelop a theoretical framework to characterize the decoherence dynamics due to multi-photon scattering in an all-optical switch based on Rydberg atom induced nonlinearities. By incorporating the knowledge of this decoherence process into optimal photon storage and retrieval strategies, we establish optimized switching protocols for experimentally relevant conditions, and evaluate the corresponding limits in the achievable fidelities. Based on these results we work out a simplified description that reproduces recent experiments (Nat. Commun. 7 12480) and provides a new interpretation in terms of many-body decoherence involving multiple incident photons and multiple gate excitations forming the switch. Aside from offering insights into the operational capacity of realistic photon switching capabilities, our work provides a complete description of spin wave decoherence in a Rydberg quantum optics setting, and has immediate relevance to a number of further applications employing photon storage in Rydberg media.
C1 [Murray, C. R.; Pohl, T.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
[Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Murray, CR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008
OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421
FU ARL CDQI; NSF PFC at JQI; NSF QIS; AFOSR; ARO; ARO MURI; EU through the
FET-Open Xtrack Project HAIRS; FET- PROACT Project RySQ
FX We thank O Firstenberg, M Gullans, S Hofferberth, I Lesanovsky, M
Maghrebi, I Mirgorodskiy, Y Wang and E Zeuthen for helpful discussions.
We are particularly grateful to Sebastian Hofferberth and Hannes
Gorniaczyk for sharing data of the experiment [40] and valuable
discussions on their measurements. This research was supported by ARL
CDQI, NSF PFC at JQI, NSF QIS, AFOSR, ARO, ARO MURI, as well as by the
EU through the FET-Open Xtrack Project HAIRS and the FET- PROACT Project
RySQ.
NR 57
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 18
AR 092001
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/092001
PG 12
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DZ0GF
UT WOS:000385514800001
ER
PT J
AU Sena, ET
McComiskey, A
Feingold, G
AF Sena, Elisa T.
McComiskey, Allison
Feingold, Graham
TI A long-term study of aerosol-cloud interactions and their radiative
effect at the Southern Great Plains using ground-based measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUID WATER PATH; DROPLET CONCENTRATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS;
STRATIFORM CLOUDS; REMOTE SENSORS; SHIP TRACKS; ALBEDO; RADIOMETER;
POLLUTION; SATELLITE
AB Empirical estimates of the microphysical response of cloud droplet size distribution to aerosol perturbations are commonly used to constrain aerosol-cloud interactions in climate models. Instead of empirical microphysical estimates, here macroscopic variables are analyzed to address the influence of aerosol particles and meteorological descriptors on instantaneous cloud albedo and the radiative effect of shallow liquid water clouds. Long-term ground-based measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program over the Southern Great Plains are used. A broad statistical analysis was performed on 14 years of coincident measurements of low clouds, aerosol, and meteorological properties. Two cases representing conflicting results regarding the relationship between the aerosol and the cloud radiative effect were selected and studied in greater detail. Microphysical estimates are shown to be very uncertain and to depend strongly on the methodology, retrieval technique and averaging scale. For this continental site, the results indicate that the influence of the aerosol on the shallow cloud radiative effect and albedo is weak and that macroscopic cloud properties and dynamics play a much larger role in determining the instantaneous cloud radiative effect compared to microphysical effects. On a daily basis, aerosol shows no correlation with cloud radiative properties (correlation = -0.01 +/- 0.03), whereas the liquid water path shows a clear signal (correlation = 0.56 +/- 0.02).
C1 [Sena, Elisa T.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Sena, Elisa T.; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[McComiskey, Allison] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Sena, ET (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Sena, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM elisa.sena@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU FAPESP [2014/04181-2, 2013/08582-9]; US Department of Energy's
Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0014568]; NOAA
FX The authors would like to thank the ARM (Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement) Program for processing and providing the data sets used in
this work. This work was supported by FAPESP grants 2014/04181-2 and
2013/08582-9, the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research
(ASR) program by grant DE-SC0014568 and by NOAA.
NR 62
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 16
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 17
BP 11301
EP 11318
DI 10.5194/acp-16-11301-2016
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX3CS
UT WOS:000384251200001
ER
PT J
AU Xu, XY
Riley, WJ
Koven, CD
Billesbach, DP
Chang, RYW
Commane, R
Euskirchen, ES
Hartery, S
Harazono, Y
Iwata, H
McDonald, KC
Miller, CE
Oechel, WC
Poulter, B
Raz-Yaseef, N
Sweeney, C
Torn, M
Wofsy, SC
Zhang, Z
Zona, D
AF Xu, Xiyan
Riley, William J.
Koven, Charles D.
Billesbach, Dave P.
Chang, Rachel Y. -W.
Commane, Roisin
Euskirchen, Eugenie S.
Hartery, Sean
Harazono, Yoshinobu
Iwata, Hiroki
McDonald, Kyle C.
Miller, Charles E.
Oechel, Walter C.
Poulter, Benjamin
Raz-Yaseef, Naama
Sweeney, Colm
Torn, Margaret
Wofsy, Steven C.
Zhang, Zhen
Zona, Donatella
TI A multi-scale comparison of modeled and observed seasonal methane
emissions in northern wetlands
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID EDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE;
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; HIGH-LATITUDES; ROOT-GROWTH;
TEMPERATURE; FLUXES; ALASKA
AB Wetlands are the largest global natural methane (CH4) source, and emissions between 50 and 70 degrees N latitude contribute 10-30% to this source. Predictive capability of land models for northern wetland CH4 emissions is still low due to limited site measurements, strong spatial and temporal variability in emissions, and complex hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics. To explore this issue, we compare wetland CH4 emission predictions from the Community Land Model 4.5 (CLM4.5-BGC) with siteto regional-scale observations. A comparison of the CH4 fluxes with eddy flux data highlighted needed changes to the model's estimate of aerenchyma area, which we implemented and tested. The model modification substantially reduced biases in CH4 emissions when compared with CarbonTracker CH4 predictions. CLM4.5 CH4 emission predictions agree well with growing season (May-September) CarbonTracker Alaskan regional-level CH4 predictions and sitelevel observations. However, CLM4.5 underestimated CH4 emissions in the cold season (October-April). The monthly atmospheric CH4 mole fraction enhancements due to wetland emissions are also assessed using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (WRF-STILT) model coupled with daily emissions from CLM4.5 and compared with aircraft CH4 mole fraction measurements from the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) campaign. Both the tower and aircraft analyses confirm the underestimate of cold-season CH4 emissions by CLM4.5. The greatest uncertainties in predicting the seasonal CH4 cycle are from the wetland extent, cold-season CH4 production and CH4 transport processes. We recommend more cold-season experimental studies in high-latitude systems, which could improve the understanding and parameterization of ecosystem structure and function during this period. Predicted CH4 emissions remain uncertain, but we show here that benchmarking against observations across spatial scales can inform model structural and parameter improvements.
C1 [Xu, Xiyan; Riley, William J.; Koven, Charles D.; Raz-Yaseef, Naama; Torn, Margaret] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Billesbach, Dave P.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Chang, Rachel Y. -W.; Commane, Roisin; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Chang, Rachel Y. -W.; Hartery, Sean] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Harazono, Yoshinobu; Iwata, Hiroki] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Harazono, Yoshinobu] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
[Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
[McDonald, Kyle C.] CUNY Environm Crossrd Initiat, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA.
[McDonald, Kyle C.] CUNY, City Coll New York, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY USA.
[McDonald, Kyle C.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Oechel, Walter C.; Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Oechel, Walter C.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
[Poulter, Benjamin; Zhang, Zhen] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Torn, Margaret] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhang, Zhen] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8059 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
[Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
RP Xu, XY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM xxu@lbl.gov
RI Xu, Xiyan/D-2854-2015; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Raz Yaseef,
Naama/D-3385-2015; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Torn,
Margaret/D-2305-2015; Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010; Iwata,
Hiroki/B-7679-2008
OI Xu, Xiyan/0000-0003-2732-1325; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Raz
Yaseef, Naama/0000-0002-7405-1607; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065;
FU US Department of Energy, BER under RGCM program; NGEE-Arctic project
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Division of Polar Programs of the National Science
Foundation (NSF) [1204263]; National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC005160]; NSF Division
of Polar Programs
FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Department of Energy, BER,
under the RGCM program and NGEE-Arctic project under contract no.
DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the CARVE flight group for their efforts on
CARVE science flights. CarbonTracker CH4 results provided by
NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from the website at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov. The eddy covariance tower data used in this
study were supported by the Division of Polar Programs of the National
Science Foundation (NSF; Award 1204263); Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs
Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1)
investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; and Department of Energy (DOE) Grant DE-SC005160.
Logistical support was funded by the NSF Division of Polar Programs.
NR 62
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 32
U2 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 17
BP 5043
EP 5056
DI 10.5194/bg-13-5043-2016
PG 14
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DW9GJ
UT WOS:000383964200001
ER
PT J
AU Sutton, AJ
Sabine, CL
Feely, RA
Cai, WJ
Cronin, MF
McPhaden, MJ
Morell, JM
Newton, JA
Noh, JH
Olafsdottir, SR
Salisbury, JE
Send, U
Vandemark, DC
Weller, RA
AF Sutton, Adrienne J.
Sabine, Christopher L.
Feely, Richard A.
Cai, Wei-Jun
Cronin, Meghan F.
McPhaden, Michael J.
Morell, Julio M.
Newton, Jan A.
Noh, Jae-Hoon
Olafsdottir, Solveig R.
Salisbury, Joseph E.
Send, Uwe
Vandemark, Douglas C.
Weller, Robert A.
TI Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change
forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID INORGANIC CARBON; NATURAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL OCEAN; ACIDIFICATION;
CO2; PH; SEAWATER; PACIFIC; SYSTEM; PCO(2)
AB One of the major challenges to assessing the impact of ocean acidification on marine life is detecting and interpreting long-term change in the context of natural variability. This study addresses this need through a global synthesis of monthly pH and aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) climatologies for 12 open ocean, coastal, and coral reef locations using 3-hourly moored observations of surface seawater partial pressure of CO2 and pH collected together since as early as 2010. Mooring observations suggest open ocean subtropical and subarctic sites experience present-day surface pH and Omega(arag) conditions outside the bounds of preindustrial variability throughout most, if not all, of the year. In general, coastal mooring sites experience more natural variability and thus, more overlap with preindustrial conditions; however, present-day Omega(arag) conditions surpass biologically relevant thresholds associated with ocean acidification impacts on Mytilus californianus (Omega(arag) < 1.8) and Crassostrea gigas (Omega(arag) < 2.0) larvae in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) and Mya arenaria larvae in the Gulf of Maine (Omega(arag) < 1.6). At the most variable mooring locations in coastal systems of the CCE, subseasonal conditions approached Omega(arag) = 1. Global and regional models and data syntheses of ship-based observations tended to underestimate seasonal variability compared to mooring observations. Efforts such as this to characterize all patterns of pH and Omega(arag) variability and change at key locations are fundamental to assessing present-day biological impacts of ocean acidification, further improving experimental design to interrogate organism response under real-world conditions, and improving predictive models and vulnerability assessments seeking to quantify the broader impacts of ocean acidification.
C1 [Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.; Cronin, Meghan F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Cai, Wei-Jun] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Morell, Julio M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
[Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Noh, Jae-Hoon] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan 15627, Gyunggido, South Korea.
[Olafsdottir, Solveig R.] Marine Res Inst, Skulagata 4, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Salisbury, Joseph E.; Vandemark, Douglas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03825 USA.
[Send, Uwe] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Weller, Robert A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Sutton, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Sutton, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM adrienne.sutton@noaa.gov
RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035;
FU NOAA's Climate Observation Division (COD) in the Climate Program Office;
NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA COD [NA09OAR4320129]; NOAA
through the US Integrated Ocean Observing System office
[NA11NOS0120035]; Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System
[NA11NOS0120036]; Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing
System [NA11NOS0120033]; Southeast Coastal Ocean Observing Regional
Association; Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal and Ocean
Observing Systems; NOAA-Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries Joint
Project; [NA11NOS0120034]
FX The CO2 and ocean acidification observations were funded by
NOAA's Climate Observation Division (COD) in the Climate Program Office
and NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program. The maintenance of the Stratus
and WHOTS Ocean Reference Stations were also supported by NOAA COD
(NA09OAR4320129). Additional support for buoy equipment, maintenance,
and/or ancillary measurements was provided by NOAA through the US
Integrated Ocean Observing System office: for the La Parguera buoy under
a Cooperative Agreement (NA11NOS0120035) with the Caribbean Coastal
Ocean Observing System, for the Cha ba buoy under a Cooperative
Agreement (NA11NOS0120036) with the Northwest Association of Networked
Ocean Observing System, for the Gray's Reef buoy under a Cooperative
Agreement (NA11NOS0120033) with the Southeast Coastal Ocean Observing
Regional Association, and for the Gulf of Main buoy under a Cooperative
Agreement (NA11NOS0120034) with the Northeastern Regional Association of
Coastal and Ocean Observing Systems. Additional support for the Chuuk
buoy was also provided by the NOAA-Korean Ministry of Oceans and
Fisheries Joint Project Agreement. This CO2 and ocean
acidification observation network would not be possible without the
diligent efforts of PMEL technical and engineering staff, as well as
current and former partners and their staff that support the maintenance
of the buoys including: technical staff of the Upper Ocean Processes
Group at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the crews of the
NOAA and UNOLS vessels used for maintenance (WHOTS and Stratus); Jon
Olafsson and Hedinn Valdimarsson (Iceland); Chris O'Brien, Rudi Hermes,
and Dave Zimmerman (BOBOA); John Mickett (Cha ba); Mark Ohman, Paul
Chua, and David Glassier (CCE2); Yongchen Wang and Scott Noakes (Gray's
Reef); Chris Hunt and Shawn Shellito (Gulf of Maine); Melissa Melendez
Oyola (La Parguera); and Charity Lee and Seon Jeong Kim (Chuuk). A
special thank you is expressed to Stacy Maenner-Jones, Randy Bott,
Sylvia Musielewicz, John Osborne, and Colin Dietrich of the PMEL
CO2 mooring team, who supported all aspects of data
collection and quality control, and also to Li-Qing Jiang who provided
the base map for Fig. 1. PMEL contribution 4435 and JISAO contribution
2506.
NR 69
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 16
U2 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
EI 1726-4189
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 17
BP 5065
EP 5083
DI 10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016
PG 19
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DW9GJ
UT WOS:000383964200003
ER
PT J
AU Kelly, RP
O'Donnell, JL
Lowell, NC
Shelton, AO
Samhouri, JF
Hennessey, SM
Feist, BE
Williams, GD
AF Kelly, Ryan P.
O'Donnell, James L.
Lowell, Natalie C.
Shelton, Andrew O.
Samhouri, Jameal F.
Hennessey, Shannon M.
Feist, Blake E.
Williams, Gregory D.
TI Genetic signatures of ecological diversity along an urbanization
gradient
SO PEERJ
LA English
DT Article
DE Metagenomics; Estuarine; Metabarcoding; Marine; Molecular ecology;
Environmental impact assessment
ID ENVIRONMENTAL DNA SAMPLES; SPECIES RICHNESS; BETA-DIVERSITY; COASTAL
HABITATS; BIODIVERSITY; SEA; EUTROPHICATION; CONSERVATION; PRODUCTIVITY;
COMMUNITIES
AB Despite decades of work in environmental science and ecology, estimating human influences on ecosystems remains challenging. This is partly due to complex chains of causation among ecosystem elements, exacerbated by the difficulty of collecting biological data at sufficient spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales. Here, we demonstrate the utility of environmental DNA (eDNA) for quantifying associations between human land use and changes in an adjacent ecosystem. We analyze metazoan eDNA sequences from water sampled in nearshore marine eelgrass communities and assess the relationship between these ecological communities and the degree of urbanization in the surrounding watershed. Counter to conventional wisdom, we find strongly increasing richness and decreasing beta diversity with greater urbanization, and similar trends in the diversity of life histories with urbanization. We also find evidence that urbanization influences nearshore communities at local (hundreds of meters) rather than regional (tens of km) scales. Given that different survey methods sample different components of an ecosystem, we then discuss the advantages of eDNA which we use here to detect hundreds of taxa simultaneously as a complement to traditional ecological sampling, particularly in the context of broad ecological assessments where exhaustive manual sampling is impractical. Genetic data are a powerful means of uncovering human ecosystem interactions that might otherwise remain hidden; nevertheless, no sampling method reveals the whole of a biological community.
C1 [Kelly, Ryan P.; O'Donnell, James L.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Lowell, Natalie C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Shelton, Andrew O.; Samhouri, Jameal F.; Feist, Blake E.; Williams, Gregory D.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Hennessey, Shannon M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Kelly, RP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM rpkelly@uw.edu
RI Feist, Blake/H-2669-2012
OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation [2014-39827]
FX This work was supported by a grant from the David and Lucile Packard
Foundation to RPK (grant 2014-39827). The funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 69
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 27
U2 27
PU PEERJ INC
PI LONDON
PA 341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND
SN 2167-8359
J9 PEERJ
JI PeerJ
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 4
AR e2444
DI 10.7717/peerj.2444
PG 20
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DV9OC
UT WOS:000383269600009
PM 27672503
ER
PT J
AU Poling-Skutvik, R
Mongcopa, KIS
Faraone, A
Narayanan, S
Conrad, JC
Krishnamoorti, R
AF Poling-Skutvik, Ryan
Mongcopa, Katrina Irene S.
Faraone, Antonio
Narayanan, Suresh
Conrad, Jacinta C.
Krishnamoorti, Ramanan
TI Structure and Dynamics of Interacting Nanoparticles in Semidilute
Polymer Solutions
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; ATTRACTIVE
INTERACTIONS; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES;
DIFFUSION; POLYSTYRENE; DISPERSION; NETWORKS
AB We investigate the structure and dynamics of silica nanoparticles and polymer chains in semidilute solutions of high molecular weight polystyrene in 2-butanone to determine the effect of long-range interparticle interactions on the coupling between particle and polymer dynamics. Particles at concentrations of 1-10 wt % are well dispersed in the semidilute polymer solutions and exhibit long-range electrostatic repulsions between particles. Because the particles are comparably sized to the radius of gyration of the polymer, the particle dynamics is predicted to couple to that of the polymer. We verify that the polymer structure and dynamics are not significantly affected by the particles, indicating that the particle polymer coupling does not change with increasing particle loading. We find that the-coupling between the dynamics of comparably sized particles and polymer results in subdiffusive particle dynamics, as expected. Over the interparticle distance, however, the particle dynamics is hindered and not fully described by the relaxation of the surrounding polymer chains. Instead, the particle dynamics is inversely related to the structure factor, suggesting that physical particle polymer coupling on short length scales and interparticle interactions on long length scales both present energetic barriers to particle motion that lead to subdiffusive dynamics and de Gennes narrowing, respectively.
C1 [Poling-Skutvik, Ryan; Mongcopa, Katrina Irene S.; Conrad, Jacinta C.; Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Narayanan, Suresh] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Conrad, JC; Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.; Krishnamoorti, R (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
EM jcconrad@uh.edu; ramanan@uh.edu
RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011
OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1508249]; DOE Office of Science
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [DMR-0520547, NSF DMR 1040446, CBET-1438204];
ExxonMobil Company; Welch Foundation [E-1869]
FX We thank Drs. Peter Vekilov at the University of Houston and Michael
Wong at Rice University for access to the DLS and zeta potential
instruments, respectively. This work utilized the NIST Center for
Neutron Research (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science
Foundation (NSF) under Agreement DMR-1508249. This research used
resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of
Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
This work benefited from SasView software, originally developed by the
DANSE project under NSF Award DMR-0520547. The SAXS experiments at UH
were performed on an instrument obtained on an NSF grant (NSF DMR
1040446). R.K. and R.P.S. acknowledge funding from ExxonMobil Company.
J.C.C. acknowledges funding from NSF (CBET-1438204) and the Welch
Foundation (E-1869).
NR 80
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 20
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
EI 1520-5835
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 17
BP 6568
EP 6577
DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01277
PG 10
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA DW0GG
UT WOS:000383318300045
ER
PT J
AU Ellis, CT
Tischler, JG
Glembocki, OJ
Bezares, FJ
Giles, AJ
Kasica, R
Shirey, L
Owrutsky, JC
Chigrin, DN
Caldwell, JD
AF Ellis, Chase T.
Tischler, Joseph G.
Glembocki, Orest J.
Bezares, Francisco J.
Giles, Alexander J.
Kasica, Richard
Shirey, Loretta
Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.
Chigrin, Dmitry N.
Caldwell, Joshua D.
TI Aspect-ratio driven evolution of high-order resonant modes and
near-field distributions in localized surface phonon polariton
nanostructures
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL HYPERBOLIC MATERIAL; PLASMON RESONANCE; METAL NANOPARTICLES;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BORON-NITRIDE; LIGHT; METAMATERIALS; OSCILLATIONS;
SPECTROSCOPY; NANOANTENNAS
AB Polar dielectrics have garnered much attention as an alternative to plasmonic metals in the mid-to long-wave infrared spectral regime due to their low optical losses. As such, nanoscale resonators composed of these materials demonstrate figures of merit beyond those achievable in plasmonic equivalents. However, until now, only low-order, phonon-mediated, localized polariton resonances, known as surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), have been observed in polar dielectric optical resonators. In the present work, we investigate the excitation of 16 distinct high-order, multipolar, localized surface phonon polariton resonances that are optically excited in rectangular pillars etched into a semi-insulating silicon carbide substrate. By elongating a single pillar axis we are able to significantly modify the far-and near-field properties of localized SPhP resonances, opening the door to realizing narrow-band infrared sources with tailored radiation patterns. Such control of the near-field behavior of resonances can also impact surface enhanced infrared optical sensing, which is mediated by polarization selection rules, as well as the morphology and strength of resonator hot spots. Furthermore, through the careful choice of polar dielectric material, these results can also serve as the guiding principles for the generalized design of optical devices that operate from the mid-to far-infrared.
C1 [Ellis, Chase T.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Bezares, Francisco J.; Giles, Alexander J.; Shirey, Loretta; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Caldwell, Joshua D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Bezares, Francisco J.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC USA.
[Kasica, Richard] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chigrin, Dmitry N.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys IA 1, Aachen, Germany.
RP Ellis, CT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM chase.ellis@nrl.navy.mil
RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008
OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168
FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council; American Society
for Engineering Education postdoctoral fellowship programs
FX The authors would like to thank Yiguo Chen and Stefan Maier of Imperial
College London for infrared grazing angle measurements not presented in
this work. Electron beam lithography was performed at NIST Center for
Nanoscale Science and Technology. Funding for the NRL authors was
provided by the Office of Naval Research & administered by the Naval
Research Laboratory Nanoscience Institute. C.T.E., A.J.G. and F.J.B.
acknowledge support from the National Research Council and the American
Society for Engineering Education postdoctoral fellowship programs.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 33
U2 36
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD SEP 13
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 32959
DI 10.1038/srep32959
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DV4XE
UT WOS:000382928200001
PM 27622525
ER
PT J
AU Copeland, CR
McGray, CD
Geist, J
Aksyuk, VA
Stavis, SM
AF Copeland, Craig R.
McGray, Craig D.
Geist, Jon
Aksyuk, Vladimir A.
Stavis, Samuel M.
TI Transfer of motion through a microelectromechanical linkage at nanometer
and microradian scales
SO MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Electrothermal; linkage; microelectromechanical; nanoparticle; noise;
rotation; tracking; translation
ID LOCALIZATION ANALYSIS; MEMS; ACTUATORS; MICROSCOPY; SENSORS; NOISE
AB Mechanical linkages are fundamentally important for the transfer of motion through assemblies of parts to perform work. Whereas their behavior in macroscale systems is well understood, there are open questions regarding the performance and reliability of linkages with moving parts in contact within microscale systems. Measurement challenges impede experimental studies to answer such questions. In this study, we develop a novel combination of optical microscopy methods that enable the first quantitative measurements at nanometer and microradian scales of the transfer of motion through a microelectromechanical linkage. We track surface features and fluorescent nanoparticles as optical indicators of the motion of the underlying parts of the microsystem. Empirical models allow precise characterization of the electrothermal actuation of the linkage. The transfer of motion between translating and rotating links can be nearly ideal, depending on the operating conditions. The coupling and decoupling of the links agree with an ideal kinematic model to within approximately 5%, and the rotational output is perfectly repeatable to within approximately 20 microradians. However, stiction can result in nonideal kinematics, and input noise on the scale of a few millivolts produces an asymmetric interaction of electrical noise and mechanical play that results in the nondeterministic transfer of motion. Our study establishes a new approach towards testing the performance and reliability of the transfer of motion through assemblies of microscale parts, opening the door to future studies of complex microsystems.
C1 [Copeland, Craig R.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.; Stavis, Samuel M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Copeland, Craig R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[McGray, Craig D.; Geist, Jon] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[McGray, Craig D.] Modern Microsyst, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA.
RP Stavis, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM samuel.stavis@nist.gov
OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Innovations in
Measurement Science Program; University of Maryland [70ANB10H193]; NIST
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of
Maryland [70ANB10H193]; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and
Technology; NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory
FX The authors acknowledge support of this research under the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Innovations in Measurement
Science Program. C.R.C. acknowledges support under the Cooperative
Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the NIST
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award number 70ANB10H193,
through the University of Maryland. V.A.A. and S.M.S. acknowledge
support of this research by the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and
Technology. C.D.M. and J.G. acknowledge support of this research by the
NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory. The authors acknowledge Jason J.
Gorman, J. Alexander Liddle and Robert Ilic for helpful reviews and
discussions.
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2055-7434
J9 MICROSYST NANOENG
JI Microsyst. Nanoeng.
PD SEP 12
PY 2016
VL 2
AR UNSP 16055
DI 10.1038/micronano.2016.55
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Instruments & Instrumentation
GA EL9NW
UT WOS:000394948100001
PM 27840694
ER
PT J
AU Morgan, KM
Alpert, BK
Bennett, DA
Denison, EV
Doriese, WB
Fowler, JW
Gard, JD
Hilton, GC
Irwin, KD
Joe, YI
O'Neil, GC
Reintsema, CD
Schmidt, DR
Ullom, JN
Swetz, DS
AF Morgan, K. M.
Alpert, B. K.
Bennett, D. A.
Denison, E. V.
Doriese, W. B.
Fowler, J. W.
Gard, J. D.
Hilton, G. C.
Irwin, K. D.
Joe, Y. I.
O'Neil, G. C.
Reintsema, C. D.
Schmidt, D. R.
Ullom, J. N.
Swetz, D. S.
TI Code-division-multiplexed readout of large arrays of TES
microcalorimeters
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; OPTIMIZATION
AB Code-division multiplexing (CDM) offers a path to reading out large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeters with excellent energy and timing resolution. We demonstrate the readout of X-ray TESs with a 32-channel flux-summed code-division multiplexing circuit based on superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers. The best detector has energy resolution of 2.28 +/- 0.12 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV and the array has mean energy resolution of 2.77 +/- 0.02 eV over 30 working sensors. The readout channels are sampled sequentially at 160 ns/row, for an effective sampling rate of 5.12 mu s/channel. The SQUID amplifiers have a measured flux noise of 0.17 mu Phi(0)/root Hz (non-multiplexed, referred to the first stage SQUID). The multiplexed noise level and signal slew rate are sufficient to allow readout of more than 40 pixels per column, making CDM compatible with requirements outlined for future space missions. Additionally, because the modulated data from the 32 SQUID readout channels provide information on each X-ray event at the row rate, our CDM architecture allows determination of the arrival time of an X-ray event to within 275 ns FWHM with potential benefits in experiments that require detection of near-coincident events. Published by AIP Publishing.
C1 [Morgan, K. M.; Alpert, B. K.; Bennett, D. A.; Denison, E. V.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Gard, J. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Joe, Y. I.; O'Neil, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Swetz, D. S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA.
RP Morgan, KM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kelsey.morgan@nist.gov; swetz@nist.gov
OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Morgan, Kelsey/0000-0002-6597-1030
FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program; NASA [NNG16PT18I,
NNH11ZDA001N-SAT]; National Research Council
FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NIST Innovations in
Measurement Science Program and NASA through the Grant Nos. NNG16PT18I
and NNH11ZDA001N-SAT. This work is supported by a National Research
Council Post-Doctoral Fellowship. We thank the X-ray Microcalorimeter
group at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for useful discussions and
advice. Contribution of NIST, not subject to copyright.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 12
PY 2016
VL 109
IS 11
AR 112604
DI 10.1063/1.4962636
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DX5DP
UT WOS:000384400300031
ER
PT J
AU Weijerman, M
Link, JS
Fulton, EA
Olsen, E
Townsend, H
Gaichas, S
Hansend, C
Skern-Mauritzen, M
Kaplan, IC
Gamble, R
Fay, G
Savina, M
Ainsworth, C
van Putten, I
Gorton, R
Brainard, R
Larsen, K
Hutton, T
AF Weijerman, M.
Link, J. S.
Fulton, E. A.
Olsen, E.
Townsend, H.
Gaichas, S.
Hansend, C.
Skern-Mauritzen, M.
Kaplan, I. C.
Gamble, R.
Fay, G.
Savina, M.
Ainsworth, C.
van Putten, I.
Gorton, R.
Brainard, R.
Larsen, K.
Hutton, T.
TI Atlantis Ecosystem Model Summit: Report from a workshop
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem-based models; Atlantis Summit; Management; Strategy
evaluation; Meeting report
ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; POLICY
AB Ecosystem models can be used to understand the cumulative impacts of human pressures and environmental drivers on ecosystem structure and dynamics. Predictive modeling can show how management can influence those dynamics and structures and the ecosystem services these systems provide. Many nations and intergovernmental organizations are advocating for ecosystem-based management, often with a specific emphasis to evaluate various future management strategies. Atlantis is an end-to-end ecosystem model that is well suited for this task and has so far been developed for more than 30 diverse marine ecosystems worldwide. To provide a better understanding of the current modeling work, elicit wider interest, and foster collaboration within the Atlantis community, the first international Atlantis Summit was convened in December 2015. The main outcomes from this workshop included a clearer framework and infrastructure for model development and collaboration; the opportunity to perform common scenarios with a range of Atlantis models to analyze ecosystem responses to environmental and management-based perturbations; and the use of Atlantis as a test case for exploring the performance of single species, multispecies, and trophic food web models at an international level. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Weijerman, M.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Link, J. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Fulton, E. A.; van Putten, I.; Gorton, R.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Olsen, E.; Hansend, C.; Skern-Mauritzen, M.] Inst Marine Res, PB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
[Townsend, H.] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 410 Severn Ave,Ste 207-A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA.
[Gaichas, S.; Gamble, R.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Kaplan, I. C.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Fay, G.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Fisheries Oceanog, 200 Mill Rd, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
[Savina, M.] IFREMER, Channel & North Sea Fisheries Res Unit, 150 Quai Gambetta,BP 699, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France.
[Ainsworth, C.] Univ S Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Brainard, R.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176,Mail Room 2247, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
[Larsen, K.] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Hutton, T.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, QBP, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; Hutton, Trevor/E-3066-2017;
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Hutton,
Trevor/0000-0002-8747-6196; Weijerman, Mariska/0000-0001-5990-7385
FU NOAA Fisheries; CSIRO; IMR; Norwegian Research Council
FX Funding for the workshop came fromNOAA Fisheries, CSIRO, IMR and the
Norwegian Research Council.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD SEP 10
PY 2016
VL 335
BP 35
EP 38
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.007
PG 4
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DQ3MF
UT WOS:000379105700004
ER
PT J
AU Koehn, LE
Essington, TE
Marshall, KN
Kaplan, IC
Sydeman, WJ
Szoboszlai, AI
Thayer, JA
AF Koehn, Laura E.
Essington, Timothy E.
Marshall, Kristin N.
Kaplan, Isaac C.
Sydeman, William J.
Szoboszlai, Amber I.
Thayer, Julie A.
TI Developing a high taxonomic resolution food web model to assess the
functional role of forage fish in the California Current ecosystem
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Forage fish; Food web model; California Current
ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TROPHIC STRUCTURE;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; SEABIRD; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS;
SYSTEM
AB Understanding the role of forage fish in marine food webs is an important part of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Food web models are a common tool used to account for important characteristics of forage fish and their trophodynamics. One primary limitation of many existing food web models is that the taxonomic resolution of forage fish and their predators is overly simplified. Here, we developed a food web model with high taxonomic resolution of forage fish and their predators in the California Current to more comprehensively describe trophic linkages involving forage fish and examine the ecological role of forage fish in this system. We parameterized a mass-balanced food web model (Ecopath) with 92 living functional groups, and used this to quantify diet dependency on forage fish, determine the main predators of forage fish, identify the topological position of forage fish in the food web, and calculate an index that identifies forage species or species aggregations that have key ecological roles (Supportive Role to Fishery ecosystem, SURF). Throughout, we characterized parameter uncertainty using a Monte Carlo approach. Though diets revealed some predators had high diet dependencies on individual forage fish species, most predators consumed multiple forage fish and also had notable diet overlap with forage fish. Consequently, no single forage fish appeared to act as a vital nexus species that is characteristic of "wasp-waisted" food webs in other upwelling regions. Additionally, no single forage fish was identified as "key" by the SURF index, but if predators and fisheries view certain pairs of forage fish as functionally equivalent, some plausible pairs would be identified as key assemblages. Specifically, sardine & anchovy (Sardinops sagax & Engraulis mordax) and herring & anchovy (Clupea pallasii & E. mordax) are key when predator populations depend on the aggregate availability of these species. This food web model can be used to support generalized equilibrium trade-off analysis or dynamic modeling to identify specific predators that would be of conservation concern under conditions of future forage fish depletion. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Koehn, Laura E.; Essington, Timothy E.; Marshall, Kristin N.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Kaplan, Isaac C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Sydeman, William J.; Szoboszlai, Amber I.; Thayer, Julie A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA.
RP Koehn, LE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM laura.koehn216@gmail.com; essing@uw.edu; kmarsh2@uw.edu;
Isaac.kaplan@noaa.gov; wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org;
ambo@faralloninstitute.org; jthayer@faralloninstitute.org
FU Pew Charitable Trusts (Ocean Science Division and the Pew Forage Fish
Conservation Initiative); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Marisla
Foundation
FX We thank the Pew Charitable Trusts (Ocean Science Division and the Pew
Forage Fish Conservation Initiative) (LEK, TEE, WJS, AIS, JAT) and
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and Marisla Foundation (JAT, AIS,
and WJS) for funding this research. Also, we thank scientists who
contributed their expertise, knowledge, and data, especially Chris
Harvey, Jim Ruzicka, Shawn Stephensen, Scott Pearson, Tom Good, and Eric
Ward. For contributing magnitudes of information from the original
California Current Ecopath model and personal communication, we thank
John Field. We also thank Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch
for provision of data. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for
improving this manuscript.
NR 71
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 26
U2 56
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
EI 1872-7026
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD SEP 10
PY 2016
VL 335
BP 87
EP 100
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmode1.2016.05.010
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DQ3MF
UT WOS:000379105700010
ER
PT J
AU Urban, MC
Bocedi, G
Hendry, AP
Mihoub, JB
Pe'er, G
Singer, A
Bridle, JR
Crozier, LG
De Meester, L
Godsoe, W
Gonzalez, A
Hellmann, JJ
Holt, RD
Huth, A
Johst, K
Krug, CB
Leadley, PW
Palmer, SCF
Pantel, JH
Schmitz, A
Zollner, PA
Travis, JMJ
AF Urban, M. C.
Bocedi, G.
Hendry, A. P.
Mihoub, J. -B.
Pe'er, G.
Singer, A.
Bridle, J. R.
Crozier, L. G.
De Meester, L.
Godsoe, W.
Gonzalez, A.
Hellmann, J. J.
Holt, R. D.
Huth, A.
Johst, K.
Krug, C. B.
Leadley, P. W.
Palmer, S. C. F.
Pantel, J. H.
Schmitz, A.
Zollner, P. A.
Travis, J. M. J.
TI Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; PHENOTYPIC
PLASTICITY; RANGE SHIFTS; PREDICT; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; POPULATION;
ADAPTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB New biological models are incorporating the realistic processes underlying biological responses to climate change and other human-caused disturbances. However, these more realistic models require detailed information, which is lacking for most species on Earth. Current monitoring efforts mainly document changes in biodiversity, rather than collecting the mechanistic data needed to predict future changes. We describe and prioritize the biological information needed to inform more realistic projections of species' responses to climate change. We also highlight how trait-based approaches and adaptive modeling can leverage sparse data to make broader predictions. We outline a global effort to collect the data necessary to better understand, anticipate, and reduce the damaging effects of climate change on biodiversity.
C1 [Urban, M. C.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Biol Risk Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Bocedi, G.; Palmer, S. C. F.; Travis, J. M. J.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland.
[Hendry, A. P.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Mihoub, J. -B.] Sorbonne Univ, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS,CESCO,UMR 7204, Paris, France.
[Mihoub, J. -B.; Pe'er, G.; Schmitz, A.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Conservat Biol, Leipzig, Germany.
[Pe'er, G.; Singer, A.; Huth, A.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany.
[Singer, A.; Huth, A.; Johst, K.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Ecol Modelling, Leipzig, Germany.
[Singer, A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Swedish Species Informat Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden.
[Bridle, J. R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Crozier, L. G.] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[De Meester, L.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Leuven, Belgium.
[Godsoe, W.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Res Ctr, Lincoln, New Zealand.
[Gonzalez, A.] McGill Univ, Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Hellmann, J. J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Holt, R. D.] Univ Florida, Biol, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Huth, A.] Univ Osnabruck, Dept Math Comp Sci, Inst Environm Syst Res, Osnabruck, Germany.
[Krug, C. B.; Leadley, P. W.] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, AgroParisTech, Ecol Systemat Evolut,CNRS, Orsay, France.
[Krug, C. B.; Leadley, P. W.] DIVERSITAS, Paris, France.
[Pantel, J. H.] Univ Montpellier, EPHE, UMR CNRS 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, Montpellier, France.
[Zollner, P. A.] Purdue Univ, Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Urban, MC (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Biol Risk Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM mark.urban@uconn.edu
RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010
OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029
FU Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity
Research [DFG-FZT-118]; DIVERSITAS; project bioDISCOVERY; project
bioGENESIS; Canada Research Chair; Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada; Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science;
University of Florida Foundation; KU Leuven Research Fund grant
[PF/2010/07]; ERA-Net BiodivERsA TIPPINGPOND; Belspo IAP SPEEDY;
European Union Biodiversity Observation Network grant
[EU-BON-FP7-308454]; KU Leuven Research Fund; NSF [DEB-1119877,
PLR-1417754]; McDonnell Foundation
FX This paper originates from the "Ecological Interactions and Range
Evolution Under Environmental Change" and "RangeShifter" working groups,
supported by the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative
Biodiversity Research (DFG-FZT-118), DIVERSITAS, and its core projects
bioDISCOVERY and bioGENESIS. Supported by the Canada Research Chair,
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Quebec
Centre for Biodiversity Science (A.G.); the University of Florida
Foundation (R.D.H.); KU Leuven Research Fund grant PF/2010/07, ERA-Net
BiodivERsA TIPPINGPOND, and Belspo IAP SPEEDY (L.D.M.); European Union
Biodiversity Observation Network grant EU-BON-FP7-308454 (J.-B.M. and
G.P.); KU Leuven Research Fund (J.P.); and NSF grants DEB-1119877 and
PLR-1417754 and the McDonnell Foundation (M.C.U.).
NR 66
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 9
PY 2016
VL 353
IS 6304
BP 1113
EP +
AR aad8466
DI 10.1126/science.aad8466
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA EN8HN
UT WOS:000396241600001
ER
PT J
AU Urban, MC
Bocedi, G
Hendry, AP
Mihoub, JB
Pe'er, G
Singer, A
Bridle, JR
Crozier, LG
De Meester, L
Godsoe, W
Gonzalez, A
Hellmann, JJ
Holt, RD
Huth, A
Johst, K
Krug, CB
Leadley, PW
Palmer, SCF
Pantel, JH
Schmitz, A
Zollner, PA
Travis, JMJ
AF Urban, M. C.
Bocedi, G.
Hendry, A. P.
Mihoub, J.-B.
Pe'er, G.
Singer, A.
Bridle, J. R.
Crozier, L. G.
De Meester, L.
Godsoe, W.
Gonzalez, A.
Hellmann, J. J.
Holt, R. D.
Huth, A.
Johst, K.
Krug, C. B.
Leadley, P. W.
Palmer, S. C. F.
Pantel, J. H.
Schmitz, A.
Zollner, P. A.
Travis, J. M. J.
TI Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
AB BACKGROUND As global climate change accelerates, one of the most urgent tasks for the coming decades is to develop accurate predictions about biological responses to guide the effective protection of biodiversity. Predictive models in biology provide a means for scientists to project changes to species and ecosystems in response to disturbances such as climate change. Most current predictive models, however, exclude important biological mechanisms such as demography, dispersal, evolution, and species interactions. These biological mechanisms have been shown to be important in mediating past and present responses to climate change. Thus, current modeling efforts do not provide sufficiently accurate predictions. Despite the many complexities involved, biologists are rapidly developing tools that include the key biological processes needed to improve predictive accuracy. The biggest obstacle to applying these more realistic models is that the data needed to inform them are almost always missing. We suggest ways to fill this growing gap between model sophistication and information to predict and prevent the most damaging aspects of climate change for life on Earth.
ADVANCES On the basis of empirical and theoretical evidence, we identify six biological mechanisms that commonly shape responses to climate change yet are too often missing from current predictive models: physiology; demography, life history, and phenology; species interactions; evolutionary potential and population differentiation; dispersal, colonization, and range dynamics; and responses to environmental variation. We prioritize the types of information needed to inform each of these mechanisms and suggest proxies for data that are missing or difficult to collect. We show that even for well-studied species, we often lack critical information that would be necessary to apply more realistic, mechanistic models. Consequently, data limitations likely override the potential gains in accuracy of more realistic models. Given the enormous challenge of collecting this detailed information on millions of species around the world, we highlight practical methods that promote the greatest gains in predictive accuracy. Trait-based approaches leverage sparse data to make more general inferences about unstudied species. Targeting species with high climate sensitivity and disproportionate ecological impact can yield important insights about future ecosystem change. Adaptive modeling schemes provide a means to target the most important data while simultaneously improving predictive accuracy.
OUTLOOK Strategic collections of essential biological information will allow us to build generalizable insights that inform our broader ability to anticipate species' responses to climate change and other human-caused disturbances. By increasing accuracy and making uncertainties explicit, scientists can deliver improved projections for biodiversity under climate change together with characterizations of uncertainty to support more informed decisions by policymakers and land managers. Toward this end, a globally coordinated effort to fill data gaps in advance of the growing climate-fueled biodiversity crisis offers substantial advantages in efficiency, coverage, and accuracy. Biologists can take advantage of the lessons learned from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's development, coordination, and integration of climate change projections. Climate and weather projections were greatly improved by incorporating important mechanisms and testing predictions against global weather station data. Biology can do the same. We need to adopt this meteorological approach to predicting biological responses to climate change to enhance our ability to mitigate future changes to global biodiversity and the services it provides to humans.
C1 [Urban, M. C.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Biol Risk Ecol & Evolut Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Bocedi, G.; Palmer, S. C. F.; Travis, J. M. J.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland.
[Hendry, A. P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
[Mihoub, J.-B.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Museum Natl Hist Nat, UPMC,CNRS,CESCO,UMR 7204, F-75252 Paris, France.
[Mihoub, J.-B.; Pe'er, G.; Schmitz, A.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Conservat Biol, Leipzig, Germany.
[Pe'er, G.; Singer, A.; Huth, A.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany.
[Singer, A.; Huth, A.; Johst, K.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Ecolog Modell, Leipzig, Germany.
[Singer, A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Swedish Species Informat Ctr, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Bridle, J. R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Biolog Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
[Crozier, L. G.] NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[De Meester, L.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Aquat Ecol Evolut & Conservat, Louvain, Belgium.
[Godsoe, W.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Gonzalez, A.] McGill Univ, Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
[Hellmann, J. J.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm Ecol Evolut & Behav, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Holt, R. D.] Univ Florida, Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Huth, A.] Univ Osnabruck, Inst Environm Systems Res, Dept Math, D-4500 Osnabruck, Germany.
[Huth, A.] Univ Osnabruck, Inst Environm Systems Res, Dept Comp Sci, D-4500 Osnabruck, Germany.
[Krug, C. B.; Leadley, P. W.] Univ Paris 11, Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS,AgroParis Tech, Ecol Systemat Evolut, Orsay, France.
[Krug, C. B.; Leadley, P. W.] DIVERSITAS, Paris, France.
[Pantel, J. H.] Univ Montpellier EPHE, Ctr Ecolog Fonct Evolut, UMR 5175 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
[Zollner, P. A.] Purdue Univ, Forestry & Nat Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Urban, MC (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Biol Risk Ecol & Evolut Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM mark.urban@uconn.edu
RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010
OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029
FU Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity
Research [DFG-FZT-118]; DIVERSITAS; core projects bioDISCOVERY and
bioGENESIS; Canada Research Chair, Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada; Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science;
University of Florida Foundation; KU Leuven Research Fund [PF/2010/07];
ERA-Net BiodivERsA TIPPINGPOND; Belspo IAP SPEEDY; European Union
Biodiversity Observation Network [EU-BON-FP7-308454]; NSF [DEB-1119877,
PLR-1417754]; McDonnell Foundation
FX This paper originates from the "Ecological Interactions and Range
Evolution Under Environmental Change" and "RangeShifter" working groups,
supported by the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative
Biodiversity Research (DFG-FZT-118), DIVERSITAS, and its core projects
bioDISCOVERY and bioGENESIS. Supported by the Canada Research Chair,
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Quebec
Centre for Biodiversity Science (A.G.); the University of Florida
Foundation (R.D.H.); KU Leuven Research Fund grant PF/2010/07, ERA-Net
BiodivERsA TIPPINGPOND, and Belspo IAP SPEEDY (L.D.M.); European Union
Biodiversity Observation Network grant EU-BON-FP7-308454 (J.-B.M. and
G.P.); KU Leuven Research Fund (J.P.); and NSF grants DEB-1119877 and
PLR-1417754 and the McDonnell Foundation (M.C.U.).
NR 66
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U1 12
U2 12
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 9
PY 2016
VL 353
IS 6304
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DV0RN
UT WOS:000382626800058
ER
PT J
AU Riley, KR
Liu, S
Yu, G
Libby, K
Cubicciotti, R
Colyer, CL
AF Riley, Kathryn R.
Liu, Sophia
Yu, Guo
Libby, Kara
Cubicciotti, Roger
Colyer, Christa L.
TI Using capillary electrophoresis to characterize polymeric particles
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE Polystyrene particles; DNA-conjugated particles; Ion sphere particles;
Capillary electrophoresis; Binding constants; NECEEM
ID M-SIZED PARTICLES; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; APTAMER SELECTION; DNA
APTAMERS; EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NON-SELEX;
SEPARATION; TOOL
AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for the characterization of a variety of polymeric micron and sub-micron particles based on size, surface functionality, and binding properties. First, a robust capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed for the baseline separation and quantitation of commercially available polystyrene particles with various surface modifications (including amino, carboxylate, and sulfate functional groups) and various sizes (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mu m). The separation of DNA-templated polyacrylamide particles from untemplated particles (as used for the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine) was demonstrated. Finally, using the 29-base thrombin aptamer and thrombin protein as a model system, a study was undertaken to determine dissociation constants for the aptamer and protein in free solution and when the aptamer was conjugated to a particle, with the goal of better understanding how the use of solid substrates, like particles, affects selection and binding processes. Dissociation constants were determined and were found to be approximately 5-fold higher for the aptamer conjugated to a particle relative to that in free solution. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Riley, Kathryn R.; Liu, Sophia; Colyer, Christa L.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
[Yu, Guo; Libby, Kara; Cubicciotti, Roger] Nanomedica LLC, Winston Salem, NC 27101 USA.
[Riley, Kathryn R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Sophia] Alcami, Wilmington, NC 28405 USA.
RP Colyer, CL (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
EM colyercl@wfu.edu
FU North Carolina Biotechnology Center [2011-MRG-1115]; Wake Forest
University
FX The authors would like to thank the North Carolina Biotechnology Center
(Grant #2011-MRG-1115) and Wake Forest University for funding. We would
also like to thank our colleagues in the Department of Physics at Wake
Forest University for helpful discussions and feedback pertaining to
this research.
NR 32
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U1 26
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
EI 1873-3778
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD SEP 9
PY 2016
VL 1463
BP 169
EP 175
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.017
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA DV0GK
UT WOS:000382595800019
PM 27543386
ER
PT J
AU Morey, JS
Neely, MG
Lunardi, D
Anderson, PE
Schwacke, LH
Campbell, M
Van Dolah, FM
AF Morey, Jeanine S.
Neely, Marion G.
Lunardi, Denise
Anderson, Paul E.
Schwacke, Lori H.
Campbell, Michelle
Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI RNA-Seq analysis of seasonal and individual variation in blood
transcriptomes of healthy managed bottlenose dolphins
SO BMC GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tursiops truncatus; Bottlenose dolphin; Blood transcriptome; RNA-seq;
Globin-reduction
ID COEXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS;
REFERENCE GENOME; WHOLE-BLOOD; ANNOTATION; WEBGESTALT; REDUCTION;
ALIGNMENT; BLAST2GO
AB Background: The blood transcriptome can reflect both systemic exposures and pathological changes in other organs of the body because immune cells recirculate through the blood, lymphoid tissues, and affected sites. In human and veterinary medicine, blood transcriptome analysis has been used successfully to identify markers of disease or pathological conditions, but can be confounded by large seasonal changes in expression. In comparison, the use of transcriptomic based analyses in wildlife has been limited. Here we report a longitudinal study of four managed bottlenose dolphins located in Waikoloa, Hawaii, serially sampled (approximately monthly) over the course of 1 year to establish baseline information on the content and variation of the dolphin blood transcriptome.
Results: Illumina based RNA-seq analyses were carried out using both the Ensembl dolphin genome and a de novo blood transcriptome as guides. Overall, the blood transcriptome encompassed a wide array of cellular functions and processes and was relatively stable within and between animals over the course of 1 year. Principal components analysis revealed moderate clustering by sex associated with the variation among global gene expression profiles (PC1, 22 % of variance). Limited seasonal change was observed, with < 2.5 % of genes differentially expressed between winter and summer months (FDR < 0.05). Among the differentially expressed genes, cosinor analysis identified seasonal rhythmicity for the observed changes in blood gene expression, consistent with studies in humans. While the proportion of seasonally variant genes in these dolphins is much smaller than that reported in humans, the majority of those identified in dolphins were also shown to vary with season in humans. Gene co-expression network analysis identified several gene modules with significant correlation to age, sex, or hematological parameters.
Conclusions: This longitudinal analysis of healthy managed dolphins establishes a preliminary baseline for blood transcriptome analysis in this species. Correlations with hematological parameters, distinct from muted seasonal effects, suggest that the otherwise relatively stable blood transcriptome may be a useful indicator of health and exposure. A robust database of gene expression in free-ranging and managed dolphins across seasons with known adverse health conditions or contaminant exposures will be needed to establish predictive gene expression profiles suitable for biomonitoring.
C1 [Morey, Jeanine S.; Neely, Marion G.; Schwacke, Lori H.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Lunardi, Denise] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, Via L Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
[Anderson, Paul E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Comp Sci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
[Campbell, Michelle] Dolphin Quest, Waikoloa, HI USA.
[Van Dolah, Frances M.] Univ Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Morey, JS; Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), Univ Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jeanine.morey@noaa.gov; vandolahfm@cofc.edu
FU NOAA NCCOS
FX This project was funded by NOAA NCCOS programmatic funding.
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U1 1
U2 1
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2164
J9 BMC GENOMICS
JI BMC Genomics
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 17
AR 720
DI 10.1186/s12864-016-3020-8
PG 16
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA DW2KE
UT WOS:000383470500001
PM 27608714
ER
PT J
AU Farrugia, TJ
Goldman, KJ
Tribuzio, C
Seitz, AC
AF Farrugia, Thomas J.
Goldman, Kenneth J.
Tribuzio, Cindy
Seitz, Andrew C.
TI First use of satellite tags to examine movement and habitat use of big
skates Beringraja binoculata in the Gulf of Alaska
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Satellite telemetry; PAT; Depth utilization; Temperature tolerance;
Fisheries management; Connectivity
ID HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; RAJA-BINOCULATA;
BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ARCHIVAL TAGS; TEMPERATURE; DEPTH; RHINA; GEOLOCATION;
DIVERSITY
AB Big skate Beringraja binoculata is the most frequently landed skate in the Gulf of Alaska portion of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, with recent stock assessment surveys showing relatively healthy skate stocks and continued interest from the commercial fishing industry to increase skate landings. Considered a data-poor species, there is a need for additional ecological information on big skates, including movement patterns and habitat use. We deployed pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags on 8 big skates in the Gulf of Alaska and set the tags to release 1 yr after deployment. The minimum distance traveled by big skates varied between 6 and 205 km, with 1 individual traveling at least 2100 km based on light geolocation data. Three individuals showed evidence of having made long-range movement and crossed at least 1 management boundary, and 3 remained relatively close to their tagging locations. Two tags did not report. The PSAT tags also extended the maximum documented depth of big skates to over 500 m and confirmed that they are thermally tolerant, occupying waters between 2 and 18 degrees C. Because the total catch of big skate is divided into multiple areas and limited movement between areas is assumed, information from this study will aid in the development of appropriate spatial management plans for this species.
C1 [Farrugia, Thomas J.; Seitz, Andrew C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Goldman, Kenneth J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 3298 Douglas Pl, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
[Tribuzio, Cindy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Farrugia, TJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM tjfarrugia@alaska.edu
FU National Science Foundation Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the
Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) Integrated Graduate Education and Research
Traineeship (IGERT) program [DGE0801720]; Rasmuson Fisheries Research
Center, Rasmuson Foundation
FX The authors thank the Alaska Department of Fish. and Game, specifically
Mike Byerly and the crew of the RV 'Solstice', and the National Marine
Fisheries Service, specifically Chris Lunsford and the crews of the FV
'Alaskan Leader' and FV 'Ocean Prowler', for their assistance in
capturing and tagging big skates. We are also grateful to Gordon Kruse
and Keith Criddle for their guidance and reviews and to 2 anonymous
reviewers, whose comments improved the manuscript greatly. Funding for
this project was received from the National Science Foundation Marine
Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) Integrated
Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program (award no.
DGE0801720) and the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center, Rasmuson
Foundation, through an award to UAF. The Alaska Department of Fish and
Game and the National Marine Fisheries Service provided in-kind support
for the fieldwork portion of this project.
NR 45
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U1 3
U2 3
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 556
BP 209
EP 221
DI 10.3354/meps11842
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA DX3AF
UT WOS:000384244300015
ER
PT J
AU Horne, JB
Bradbury, IR
Paterson, IG
Hardie, D
Hutchings, J
Laurel, BJ
Snelgrove, PVR
Morris, CJ
Gregory, RS
Bentzen, P
AF Horne, John B.
Bradbury, Ian R.
Paterson, Ian G.
Hardie, David
Hutchings, Jeffrey
Laurel, Benjamin J.
Snelgrove, Paul V. R.
Morris, Corey J.
Gregory, Robert S.
Bentzen, Paul
TI Complex post-larval dispersal processes in Atlantic cod revealed by
age-based genetics and relatedness analysis
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Gadidae; Kinship; Newfoundland; Marine dispersal; Fisheries; Northwest
Atlantic
ID MARINE POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; GADUS-MORHUA STOCKS; NORTH-SEA; PAIRWISE
RELATEDNESS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION PROGRAMS; MICROSATELLITE
DATA; GENOMIC DIVERGENCE; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR MARKERS
AB Population connectivity among adult marine organisms is often attributed to dispersal during the egg/larval stage. However, post-larval dispersal may also influence connectivity, particularly when juvenile nursery habitats are separated from adult spawning habitats. Here we used age-based population genetics and kinship analysis to explore changes in population connectivity across life-history stages in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. We genotyped 364 adult cod from the northwest Atlantic and 671 age-0 juveniles from 18 sites around eastern Newfoundland, with 72 and 15 microsatellite loci, respectively. Adult cod genotypes exhibited more population structure than was detected in juveniles across similar spatial scales. Both age classes had similar allelic diversities, but juveniles exhibited less genetic linkage and fewer departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations than adults at the same loci. We detected significant kinship relationships in adult cod only within sampling locations, but 1 putative pair of juvenile kin was separated by >500 km. Collections of adults also displayed higher group relatedness compared to juveniles. Genetic differences between age classes are likely due to a combination of non-random mortality and non-random sorting of admixed juveniles into different adult habitats. Many studies overlook post-larval dispersal as a factor of marine population connectivity, but pre-adult relocation may be demographically and adaptively significant, in cod and other species.
C1 [Horne, John B.; Paterson, Ian G.; Hutchings, Jeffrey; Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
[Bradbury, Ian R.; Morris, Corey J.; Gregory, Robert S.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 80 E White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
[Hardie, David] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T3, Canada.
[Hutchings, Jeffrey] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
[Laurel, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Snelgrove, Paul V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
[Snelgrove, Paul V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
RP Horne, JB (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
EM john.horne@gmail.com
OI Horne, John/0000-0002-7585-6108
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Strategic Projects Grant; NSERC Discovery Grant; Fisheries & Oceans
Canada (DFO) Species at Risk; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
Grant
FX The research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Projects Grant led by P.V.R.S.,
NSERC Discovery Grant to P.B., Fisheries & Oceans Canada (DFO) Species
at Risk funding led by R.S.G., and NOAA National Marine Fisheries
Service Grant for a workshop to B.J.L. Assistance with field collections
was variously provided on Georges Bank by Patrick O'Reilly, and on the
Island of New-foundland by Mervin Langdon and Margaret Warren. The
manuscript was reviewed and improved by comments of 2 anonymous
reviewers.
NR 75
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U1 9
U2 9
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 556
BP 237
EP 250
DI 10.3354/meps11819
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA DX3AF
UT WOS:000384244300017
ER
PT J
AU Hurst, DF
Read, WG
Vomel, H
Selkirk, HB
Rosenlof, KH
Davis, SM
Hall, EG
Jordan, AF
Oltmans, SJ
AF Hurst, Dale F.
Read, William G.
Vomel, Holger
Selkirk, Henry B.
Rosenlof, Karen H.
Davis, Sean M.
Hall, Emrys G.
Jordan, Allen F.
Oltmans, Samuel J.
TI Recent divergences in stratospheric water vapor measurements by frost
point hygrometers and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA RECORDS; BOULDER; UNCERTAINTIES; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; INCREASE;
TRENDS; DC
AB Balloon-borne frost point hygrometers (FPs) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) provide high-quality vertical profile measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). A previous comparison of stratospheric water vapor measurements by FPs and MLS over three sites - Boulder, Colorado (40.0 degrees-N); Hilo, Hawaii (19.7 degrees-N); and Lauder, New Zealand (45.0 degrees-S) - from August 2004 through December 2012 not only demonstrated agreement better than 1-% between 68 and 26-hPa but also exposed statistically significant biases of 2 to 10-% at 83 and 100-hPa (Hurst et al., 2014). A simple linear regression analysis of the FP-MLS differences revealed no significant long-term drifts between the two instruments. Here we extend the drift comparison to mid-2015 and add two FP sites - Lindenberg, Germany (52.2 degrees-N), and San Jos,, Costa Rica (10.0 degrees-N) - that employ FPs of different manufacture and calibration for their water vapor soundings. The extended comparison period reveals that stratospheric FP and MLS measurements over four of the five sites have diverged at rates of 0.03 to 0.07 ppmv year(-1) (0.6 to 1.5-% year(-1)) from similar to 2010 to mid-2015. These rates are similar in magnitude to the 30-year (1980-2010) average growth rate of stratospheric water vapor (similar to 1-% year(-1)) measured by FPs over Boulder (Hurst et al., 2011). By mid-2015, the FP-MLS differences at some sites were large enough to exceed the combined accuracy estimates of the FP and MLS measurements.
C1 [Hurst, Dale F.; Davis, Sean M.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hurst, Dale F.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Read, William G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Vomel, Holger] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Selkirk, Henry B.] NASA, Lab Atmospher Chem & Dynam, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Selkirk, Henry B.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Columbia, MD USA.
[Rosenlof, Karen H.; Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Hurst, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hurst, DF (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dale.hurst@noaa.gov
RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158;
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; US Global Climate Observing System
Program; NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NOAA
FX The NOAA frost point hygrometer network is supported in part by NOAA's
Climate Program Office, the US Global Climate Observing System Program
and NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The FPH soundings used in
this study were carefully conducted at Hilo by David Nardini and Darryl
Kuniyuki, and at Lauder by Hamish Chisholm, Alan Thomas, Wills Dobson
and Richard Querel. Karen Rosenlof and Sean Davis's participation in
this study was supported by NOAA resources targeted for water vapor
research in the upper troposphere.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 4447
EP 4457
DI 10.5194/amt-9-4447-2016
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW9VC
UT WOS:000384009800001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XQ
Namboodiri, P
Li, K
Deng, X
Silver, R
AF Wang, Xiqiao
Namboodiri, Pradeep
Li, Kai
Deng, Xiao
Silver, Richard
TI Spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy of single-layer steps
on Si(100) surfaces
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SI(001) SURFACE; VICINAL SI(001);
ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; MONATOMIC STEPS; BUCKLED DIMERS; DANGLING BONDS;
BAND-STRUCTURE; CLEAN SI(001); MICROSCOPY
AB Single-layer steps at Si(100) surfaces/interfaces present significant challenges to the quantitative characterization of buried dopant devices as well as the accurate imaging and relocation of fabricated quantum structures. We demonstrate the detailed spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy study across monolayer step edges on Si(100) surfaces and quantitative determination of the local density of state distributions and behavior of the band gap at step edges. The influence on the local electrostatic environment due to step edge states has been quantified while accounting for the effects of scanning tunneling measurement conditions. The dangling bond states on Si(100) surfaces are utilized as a fingerprint to quantify the local band bending landscape and to make corrections to the experimentally observed surface state energy levels and band gap values at the step edge regions. We observe a significant band gap narrowing behavior along a rebonded single-layer type B step edge on a degenerately boron-doped p-type Si substrate.
C1 [Wang, Xiqiao] Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wang, Xiqiao; Namboodiri, Pradeep; Li, Kai; Deng, Xiao; Silver, Richard] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Deng, Xiao] Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, XQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Wang, XQ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) project at NIST: Single atom
transistors to solid states quantum computing
FX This work was sponsored by the Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS)
project at NIST: Single atom transistors to solid states quantum
computing. The authors wish to thank Jonathan Wyrick, Randall Feenstra,
Theodore L. Einstein, and Ian Appelbaum for useful conversations.
NR 82
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 12
AR 125306
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.125306
PG 12
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DV9DA
UT WOS:000383238600007
ER
PT J
AU Safronova, UI
Safronova, MS
Johnson, WR
AF Safronova, U. I.
Safronova, M. S.
Johnson, W. R.
TI Relativistic many-body calculation of energies, lifetimes,
polarizabilities, blackbody radiative shift, and hyperfine constants in
Lu2+
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC DIPOLE; OPTICAL ATOMIC CLOCKS; ONE-ELECTRON SPECTRUM;
ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; SODIUM-LIKE IONS; TRANSITION RATES; QUADRUPOLE
AB Energy levels of 30 low-lying states of Lu2+ and allowed electric-dipole matrix elements between these states are evaluated using a relativistic all-order method in which all single, double, and partial triple excitations of Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Matrix elements are critically evaluated for their accuracy and recommended values of the matrix elements are given together with uncertainty estimates. Line strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes of the metastable 5d(3/2) and 5d(5/2) states are calculated. Recommended values are given for static polarizabilities of the 6s, 5d, and 6p states and tensor polarizabilities of the 5d and 6p(3/2) states. Uncertainties of the polarizability values are estimated in all cases. The blackbody radiation shift of the 6s(1/2)-5d(5/2) transition frequency of the Lu2+ ion is calculated with the aid of the recommended scalar polarizabilities of the 6s(1/2) and 5d(5/2) states. Finally, A and B hyperfine constants are determined for states of Lu-175(2+) with n <= 9. This work provides recommended values of transition matrix elements, polarizabilities, and hyperfine constants of Lu2+, critically evaluated for accuracy, for benchmark tests of high-precision theoretical methodology and planning of future experiments.
C1 [Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, 217 Sharp Lab, Newark, DC 19716 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Johnson, W. R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Johnson, WR (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
EM johnson@nd.edu
FU NSF [PHY-1520993]
FX The authors owe a debt of gratitude to M. D. Barrett for helpful remarks
on the manuscript. This work was partly supported by NSF Grant No.
PHY-1520993.
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 3
AR 032506
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032506
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DV1YG
UT WOS:000382717400005
ER
PT J
AU Gilbert, DA
Liao, JW
Kirby, BJ
Winklhofer, M
Lai, CH
Liu, K
AF Gilbert, Dustin A.
Liao, Jung-Wei
Kirby, Brian J.
Winklhofer, Michael
Lai, Chih-Huang
Liu, Kai
TI Magnetic Yoking and Tunable Interactions in FePt-Based Hard/Soft
Bilayers
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID 1ST-ORDER REVERSAL CURVES; PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY; NEUTRON
REFLECTOMETRY; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MEDIA; ARRAYS; FILMS
AB Magnetic interactions in magnetic nanostructures are critical to nanomagnetic and spintronic explorations. Here we demonstrate an extremely sensitive magnetic yoking effect and tunable interactions in FePt based hard/soft bilayers mediated by the soft layer. Below the exchange length, a thin soft layer strongly exchange couples to the perpendicular moments of the hard layer; above the exchange length, just a few nanometers thicker, the soft layer moments turn in-plane and act to yoke the dipolar fields from the adjacent hard layer perpendicular domains. The evolution from exchange to dipolar-dominated interactions is experimentally captured by first-order reversal curves, the Delta M method, and polarized neutron reflectometry, and confirmed by micromagnetic simulations. These findings demonstrate an effective yoking approach to design and control magnetic interactions in wide varieties of magnetic nanostructures and devices.
C1 [Gilbert, Dustin A.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Gilbert, Dustin A.; Kirby, Brian J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liao, Jung-Wei; Lai, Chih-Huang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Materials Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
[Winklhofer, Michael] Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci Geophys, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
[Winklhofer, Michael] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fac Phys, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany.
[Winklhofer, Michael] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Sch Math & Sci, IBU, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu
RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Gilbert, Dustin/G-1683-2011; Winklhofer,
Michael/B-7349-2009
OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883;
Winklhofer, Michael/0000-0003-1352-9723
FU NSF [DMR-1008791, DMR-1543582]; BaCaTec [A4 [2012-2]]; France-Berkeley
Fund; DFG [Wi 1828/4-2]; Ministry of Science and Technology of Republic
of China [MOST 104-2221-E-007-047-MY2, MOST 104-2221-E-007-046-MY2];
National Research Council Research Associateship Program
FX This work has been was supported by the NSF (DMR-1008791 and
DMR-1543582), BaCaTec (A4 [2012-2]), the France-Berkeley Fund, and DFG
(Wi 1828/4-2). Work at NTHU supported by the Ministry of Science and
Technology of Republic of China under Grant No. MOST
104-2221-E-007-047-MY2 and MOST 104-2221-E-007-046-MY2. D.A.G.
acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research
Associateship Program.
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 22
U2 23
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD SEP 8
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 32842
DI 10.1038/srep32842
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DV0XS
UT WOS:000382644600002
PM 27604428
ER
PT J
AU Stockwell, CE
Christian, TJ
Goetz, JD
Jayarathne, T
Bhave, PV
Praveen, PS
Adhikari, S
Maharjan, R
DeCarlo, PF
Stone, EA
Saikawa, E
Blake, DR
Simpson, IJ
Yokelson, RJ
Panday, AK
AF Stockwell, Chelsea E.
Christian, Ted J.
Goetz, J. Douglas
Jayarathne, Thilina
Bhave, Prakash V.
Praveen, Puppala S.
Adhikari, Sagar
Maharjan, Rashmi
DeCarlo, Peter F.
Stone, Elizabeth A.
Saikawa, Eri
Blake, Donald R.
Simpson, Isobel J.
Yokelson, Robert J.
Panday, Arnico K.
TI Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE):
emissions of trace gases and light-absorbing carbon from wood and dung
cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other
sources
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; GASOLINE
VEHICLE EMISSIONS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; BLACK
CARBON; MEXICO-CITY; KATHMANDU VALLEY; COMPOUNDS VOCS; LABORATORY
MEASUREMENTS
AB The Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE) campaign took place in and around the Kathmandu Valley and in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of southern Nepal during April 2015. The source characterization phase targeted numerous important but under-sampled (and often inefficient) combustion sources that are widespread in the developing world such as cooking with a variety of stoves and solid fuels, brick kilns, open burning of municipal solid waste (a.k.a. trash or garbage burning), crop residue burning, generators, irrigation pumps, and motorcycles. NAMaSTE produced the first, or rare, measurements of aerosol optical properties, aerosol mass, and detailed trace gas chemistry for the emissions from many of the sources. This paper reports the trace gas and aerosol measurements obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, whole-air sampling (WAS), and photoacoustic extinctiometers (PAX; 405 and 870 nm) based on field work with a moveable lab sampling authentic sources. The primary aerosol optical properties reported include emission factors (EFs) for scattering and absorption coefficients (EF B-scat, EF B-abs, in m(2) kg(-1) fuel burned), single scattering albedos (SSAs), and absorption Angstrom exponents (AAEs). From these data we estimate black and brown carbon (BC, BrC) emission factors (g kg(-1) fuel burned). The trace gas measurements provide EFs (g kg(-1)) for CO2, CO, CH4, selected non-methane hydrocarbons up to C-10, a large suite of oxygenated organic compounds, NH3, HCN, NOx, SO2, HCl, HF, etc. (up to similar to 80 gases in all).
The emissions varied significantly by source, and light absorption by both BrC and BC was important for many sources. The AAE for dung-fuel cooking fires (4.63 +/- 0.68) was significantly higher than for wood-fuel cooking fires (3.01 +/- 0.10). Dung-fuel cooking fires also emitted high levels of NH3 (3.00 +/- 1.33 g kg(-1)), organic acids (7.66 +/- 6.90 g kg(-1)), and HCN (2.01 +/- 1.25 g kg(-1)), where the latter could contribute to satellite observations of high levels of HCN in the lower stratosphere above the Asian monsoon. HCN was also emitted in significant quantities by several non-biomass burning sources. BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) were major emissions from both dung-(similar to 4.5 g kg(-1)) and wood-fuel (similar to 1.5 g kg(-1)) cooking fires, and a simple method to estimate indoor exposure to the many measured important air toxics is described. Biogas emerged as the cleanest cooking technology of approximately a dozen stove-fuel combinations measured. Crop residue burning produced relatively high emissions of oxygenated organic compounds (similar to 12 g kg(-1)) and SO2 (2.54 +/- 1.09 g kg(-1)). Two brick kilns co-firing different amounts of biomass with coal as the primary fuel produced contrasting results. A zigzag kiln burning mostly coal at high efficiency produced larger amounts of BC, HF, HCl, and NOx, with the halogenated emissions likely coming from the clay. The clamp kiln (with relatively more biomass fuel) produced much greater quantities of most individual organic gases, about twice as much BrC, and significantly more known and likely organic aerosol precursors. Both kilns were significant SO2 sources with their emission factors averaging 12.8 +/- 0.2 g kg(-1). Mixed-garbage burning produced significantly more BC (3.3 +/- 3.88 g kg(-1)) and BTEX (similar to 4.5 g kg(-1)) emissions than in previous measurements. For all fossil fuel sources, diesel burned more efficiently than gasoline but produced larger NOx and aerosol emission factors. Among the least efficient sources sampled were gasoline-fueled motorcycles during start-up and idling for which the CO EF was on the order of similar to 700 g kg(-1) - or about 10 times that of a typical biomass fire. Minor motorcycle servicing led to minimal if any reduction in gaseous pollutants but reduced particulate emissions, as detailed in a companion paper (Jayarathne et al., 2016). A small gasolinepowered generator and an " insect repellent fire" were also among the sources with the highest emission factors for pollutants. These measurements begin to address the critical data gap for these important, undersampled sources, but due to their diversity and abundance, more work is needed.
C1 [Stockwell, Chelsea E.; Christian, Ted J.; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Goetz, J. Douglas; DeCarlo, Peter F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Goetz, J. Douglas; DeCarlo, Peter F.] Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Jayarathne, Thilina; Stone, Elizabeth A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Bhave, Prakash V.; Praveen, Puppala S.; Panday, Arnico K.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Khumaltar 44700, Nepal.
[Adhikari, Sagar; Maharjan, Rashmi] MinErgy Pvt Ltd, Lalitpur 9354, Nepal.
[Saikawa, Eri] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
[Blake, Donald R.; Simpson, Isobel J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Stockwell, Chelsea E.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu
RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008
OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149
FU NSF [AGS-1349976, AGS-1461458, AGS-1350021]; NASA Earth Science Division
Award [NNX14AP45G]; ICIMOD
FX Chelsea E. Stockwell, Ted J. Christian, Robert J. Yokelson, purchase of
the PAXs, WAS analyses, and many other NAMaSTE-associated expenses were
supported by NSF grant AGS-1349976. Robert J. Yokelson, Donald R. Blake,
and Isobel J. Simpson were also supported by NASA Earth Science Division
Award NNX14AP45G. Thilina Jayarathne and Elizabeth A. Stone were
supported by NSF grant AGS-1351616. J. Douglas Goetz and Peter F.
DeCarlo were supported by NSF grant AGS-1461458. Prakash V. Bhave,
Puppala S. Praveen, Sagar Adhikari, Rashmi Maharjan, and Arnico K.
Panday were partially supported by core funds of ICIMOD contributed by
the governments of Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Switzerland, and the
United Kingdom. Eri Saikawa was supported by NSF grant AGS-1350021. We
thank G. McMeeking, J. Walker, and S. Murphy for helpful discussions on
the PAX instruments and data; S. B. Dangol, S. Dhungel, S. Ghimire, and
M. Rai for identifying and arranging access to the field sampling sites;
B. R. Khanal for assisting with the lab-based cooking tests; and Nawraj
and K. Sherpa for logistic support.
NR 156
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 32
U2 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 7
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 17
BP 11043
EP 11081
DI 10.5194/acp-16-11043-2016
PG 39
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW9GD
UT WOS:000383963600001
ER
PT J
AU Haney, PM
Yoon, HP
Gaury, B
Zhitenev, NB
AF Haney, Paul M.
Yoon, Heayoung P.
Gaury, Benoit
Zhitenev, Nikolai B.
TI Depletion region surface effects in electron beam induced current
measurements
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARRIER DIFFUSION-LENGTH; RECOMBINATION VELOCITY; SOLAR-CELLS;
GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SEMICONDUCTOR; CONTRAST; SILICON; SEM
AB Electron beam induced current (EBIC) is a powerful characterization technique which offers the high spatial resolution needed to study polycrystalline solar cells. Current models of EBIC assume that excitations in the p-n junction depletion region result in perfect charge collection efficiency. However, we find that in CdTe and Si samples prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, there is a reduced and nonuniform EBIC lineshape for excitations in the depletion region. Motivated by this, we present a model of the EBIC response for excitations in the depletion region which includes the effects of surface recombination from both charge-neutral and charged surfaces. For neutral surfaces, we present a simple analytical formula which describes the numerical data well, while the charged surface response depends qualitatively on the location of the surface Fermi level relative to the bulk Fermi level. We find that the experimental data on FIB-prepared Si solar cells are most consistent with a charged surface and discuss the implications for EBIC experiments on polycrystalline materials.
C1 [Haney, Paul M.; Gaury, Benoit; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yoon, Heayoung P.] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Gaury, Benoit] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Haney, PM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014
FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of
Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NSF MRSEC program at the University of Utah
[DMR 1121252]
FX B. Gaury acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement
between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology,
Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. H. Yoon also
acknowledges the support by the NSF MRSEC program at the University of
Utah under Grant No. # DMR 1121252.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 9
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 7
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 9
AR 095702
DI 10.1063/1.4962016
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DW9KN
UT WOS:000383978100036
ER
PT J
AU Levine, ZH
Curry, JJ
AF Levine, Zachary H.
Curry, John J.
TI OptSortSph: Optical Sorting in a Standing Wave Field Calculated with
Effective Velocities and Diffusion Constants
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE dielectric spheres; gradient force; Mie scattering; optical sorting;
standing-wave laser field.
C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Curry, John J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM zlevine@nist.gov; john.curry@nist.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP 7
PY 2016
VL 121
BP 420
EP 421
DI 10.6028/jres.121.020
PG 2
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DW1MU
UT WOS:000383408100001
ER
PT J
AU Long, CJ
Orloff, ND
Twedt, KA
Lam, T
Vargas-Lara, F
Zhao, MH
Natarajan, B
Scott, KC
Marksz, E
Nguyen, T
Douglas, JF
McClelland, J
Garboczi, E
Obrzut, J
Liddle, JA
AF Long, Christian J.
Orloff, Nathan D.
Twedt, Kevin A.
Lam, Thomas
Vargas-Lara, Fernando
Zhao, Minhua
Natarajan, Bharath
Scott, Keana C.
Marksz, Eric
Tinh Nguyen
Douglas, Jack F.
McClelland, Jabez
Garboczi, Edward
Obrzut, Jan
Liddle, J. Alexander
TI Giant Surface Conductivity Enhancement in a Carbon Nanotube Composite by
Ultraviolet Light Exposure
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE nanocomposite; carbon nanotubes; conductivity; ultraviolet; scanning ion
microscopy; microwave; cavity perturbation
ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; RELEASE
AB Carbon nanotube composites are lightweight, multifunctional materials with readily adjustable mechanical and electrical properties relevant to the aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods industries as high-performance structural materials. Here, we combine well-established and newly developed characterization techniques to demonstrate that ultraviolet (UV) light exposure provides a controllable means to enhance the electrical conductivity of the surface of a commercial carbon nanotube epoxy composite by over 5 orders of magnitude. Our observations, combined with theory and simulations, reveal that the increase in conductivity is due to the formation of a concentrated layer of nanotubes on the composite surface. Our model implies that contacts between nanotube-rich microdomains dominate the conductivity of this layer at low UV dose, while tube tube transport dominates at high UV dose. Further, we use this model to predictably pattern conductive traces with a UV laser, providing a facile approach for direct integration of lightweight conductors on nanocomposite surfaces.
C1 [Long, Christian J.; Twedt, Kevin A.; Lam, Thomas; Zhao, Minhua; Natarajan, Bharath; McClelland, Jabez; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Orloff, Nathan D.; Vargas-Lara, Fernando; Scott, Keana C.; Douglas, Jack F.; Garboczi, Edward; Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Long, Christian J.; Twedt, Kevin A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zhao, Minhua] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Marksz, Eric] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM liddle@nist.gov
RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013;
OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712
FU University of Maryland; NIST grant [70NANB10H193, 70NANB12H188]; Rice
University; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship at NIST; National
Nanotechnology Initiative
FX C.J.L. and N.D.O contributed equally to this work. We acknowledge
discussions pertaining to island growth and mass loss modeling with J.
Seppala and G. Khalsa at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). Research was supported by a Cooperative Research
Agreement (CRA) between the University of Maryland and NIST grant
70NANB10H193 (for C.J.L. and K.A.T.) and by a CRA between Rice
University and NIST grant 70NANB12H188 (for N.D.O. and L.F.V.-L.).
Research was supported by a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship at
NIST (for E.M.). N.D.O. acknowledges discussions with E. Keuster, E.
Petersen, J. W. Gillman, and K. Migler. All measurements were conducted
at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, a user facility at
NIST. This work was performed in part at the NIST Materials Measurement
Laboratory and in support of the National Nanotechnology Initiative.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD SEP 7
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 35
BP 23230
EP 23235
DI 10.1021/acsami.6b04522
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DV4NR
UT WOS:000382902800057
PM 27468781
ER
PT J
AU Paul, S
Tiesinga, E
AF Paul, Saurabh
Tiesinga, Eite
TI Wannier functions using a discrete variable representation for optical
lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; PHASE; BANDS; GAS
AB We propose a numerical method using the discrete variable representation (DVR) for constructing real-valued Wannier functions localized in a unit cell for both symmetric and asymmetric periodic potentials. We apply these results to finding Wannier functions for ultracold atoms trapped in laser-generated optical lattices. Following S. Kivelson [Phys. Rev. B 26, 4269 (1982)], for a symmetric lattice with inversion symmetry, we construct Wannier functions as eigenstates of the position operators (x) over cap, (y) over cap, and (z) over cap restricted to single-particle Bloch functions belonging to one or more bands. To ensure that the Wannier functions are real-valued, we numerically obtain the band structure and real-valued eigenstates using a uniform Fourier grid DVR. We then show, by a comparison of tunneling energies, that the Wannier functions are accurate for both inversion-symmetric and asymmetric potentials to better than 10 significant digits when using double-precision arithmetic. The calculations are performed for an optical lattice with double-wells per unit cell with tunable asymmetry along the x axis and a single sinusoidal potential along the perpendicular directions. Localized functions at the two potential minima within each unit cell are similarly constructed, but using a superposition of single-particle solutions from the two lowest bands. We finally use these localized basis functions to determine the two-body interaction energies in the Bose-Hubbard model and show the dependence of these energies on lattice asymmetry.
C1 [Paul, Saurabh] Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Paul, Saurabh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Tiesinga, Eite] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Paul, S (reprint author), Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Paul, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM pauls@umd.edu
FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1506343]
FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No.
PHY-1506343.
NR 35
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Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 7
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 3
AR 033606
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.033606
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DV1YE
UT WOS:000382717200009
ER
PT J
AU Holmes, CD
Krishnamurthy, NP
Caffrey, JM
Landing, WM
Edgerton, ES
Knapp, KR
Nair, US
AF Holmes, Christopher D.
Krishnamurthy, Nishanth P.
Caffrey, Jane M.
Landing, William M.
Edgerton, Eric S.
Knapp, Kenneth R.
Nair, Udaysankar S.
TI Thunderstorms Increase Mercury Wet Deposition
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GASEOUS OXIDIZED MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SOUTHEASTERN US;
UNITED-STATES; FREE TROPOSPHERE; SCAVENGING RATIOS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS;
DRY DEPOSITION; NORTH-AMERICA; FLORIDA
AB Mercury (Hg) wet deposition, transfer from the atmosphere to Earth's surface by precipitation, in the United States is highest in locations and seasons with frequent deep convective thunderstorms, but it has never been demonstrated whether the connection is causal or simple coincidence. We use rainwater samples from over 800 individual precipitation events to show that thunderstorms increase Hg concentrations by 50% relative to weak convective or stratiform events of equal precipitation depth. Radar and satellite observations reveal that strong convection reaching the upper troposphere (where high atmospheric concentrations of soluble, oxidized mercury species (Hg(II)) are known to reside) produces the highest Hg concentrations in rain. As a result, precipitation meteorology, especially thunderstorm frequency and total rainfall, explains differences in Hg deposition between study sites located in the eastern United States. Assessing the fate of atmospheric mercury thus requires bridging the scales of global transport and convective precipitation.
C1 [Holmes, Christopher D.; Krishnamurthy, Nishanth P.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Caffrey, Jane M.] Univ West Florida, Ctr Environm Diagnost & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.
[Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA.
[Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Nair, Udaysankar S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
RP Holmes, CD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM cdholmes@fsu.edu
RI Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014
OI Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [X-97455002]; Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI) [P27302 C12974]; Florida State University
FX Tanner Martin, Nathaniel Davila, Autum Dunn, Melissa Overton, Sara
Nolek, and Kathleen Gosnell helped with precipitation sample collection
and analysis. Sikha Bagui, Jessie Brown, and Alex Maestre assisted with
wet deposition database development. We gratefully acknowledge the MDN
coordinators and site operators. This work was financially supported by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, Cooperative Agreement
X-97455002), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI, P27302
C12974), and startup funds from Florida State University. The views,
opinions and findings of this paper are those of the authors and should
not be construed as an official U.S. EPA or NOAA position or policy.
NR 53
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 6
PY 2016
VL 50
IS 17
BP 9343
EP 9350
DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b02586
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DV3FG
UT WOS:000382805800048
PM 27464305
ER
PT J
AU Paulter, NG
Larson, DR
Ely, JA
AF Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.
Larson, Donald R.
Ely, John A.
TI Test Object for Accurate and Reproducible Measurement of the Detection
Response of Hand-worn and Hand-held Metal Detectors
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE detection response; hand-held metal detector; hand-worn metal detector;
magnetic field; object orientation; test objects
ID DEMAGNETIZING FACTORS; CYLINDERS
AB The assessment of the detection performance of metal detectors (hand-worn, hand-held, and walk-through models) is based on the ability of the detectors to sound an alarm when presented with a test object. These test objects are typically actual threat items or simulated threat items. The orientation of these test objects with the magnetic field generated by the metal detectors may affect the detectability of the test objects. More importantly, small misorientations of a threat object or simulated threat object may cause the operator to incorrectly attribute to the metal detector a higher performance than it is capable of providing. Consequently, to support accurate and reproducible characterization of the performance of a metal detector, orientation effects should be minimized or eliminated. We discuss the use of spherical test objects to eliminate this potentially serious error in the assessment of the detection performance of a metal detector. In this study, we consider only hand-worn and hand-held metal detectors because of their similarity in size and operation.
C1 [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Larson, Donald R.] Entegra Corp, Aurora, CO 80016 USA.
[Ely, John A.] Fed Bur Prisons, Washington, DC USA.
RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nicholas.paulter@nist.gov; donald.larson@entegra-corp.com;
jely60@comcast.net
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP 6
PY 2016
VL 121
DI 10.6028/jres.121.019
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DW1MS
UT WOS:000383407900001
ER
PT J
AU Tan, JJ
Liu, JY
Li, MD
El Hadri, H
Hackley, VA
Zechariah, MR
AF Tan, Jiaojie
Liu, Jingyu
Li, Mingdong
El Hadri, Hind
Hackley, Vincent A.
Zechariah, Michael R.
TI Electrospray-Differential Mobility Hyphenated with Single Particle
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of
Nanoparticles and Their Aggregates
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; ICP-MS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SIZE
DISCRIMINATION; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; TOXICITY; TRANSFORMATIONS;
NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENT
AB The novel hyphenation of electrospray-differential mobility analysis with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ES-DMA-spICPMS) was demonstrated with the capacity for real-time size, mass, and concentration measurement of nanoparticles (NPs) on a particle-to-particle basis. In this proof-of-concept study, the feasibility of this technique was validated through both concentration and mass calibration using NIST gold NP reference materials. A detection limit of 105 NPs mL(-1) was determined under current experimental conditions, which is about 4 orders of magnitude lower in comparison to that of a traditional ES-DMA setup using a condensation particle counter as detector. Furthermore, independent and simultaneous quantification of both size and mass of NPs provides information regarding NP aggregation states. Two demonstrative applications include gold NP mixtures with a broad size range (30-100 nm), and aggregated gold NPs with a primary size of 40 nm. Finally, this technique was shown to be potentially useful for real-world samples with high ionic background due to its ability to remove dissolved ions yielding a cleaner background. Overall, we demonstrate the capacity of this new hyphenated technique for (1) clearly resolving NP populations from a mixture containing a broad size range; (2) accurately measuring a linear relationship, which should inherently exist between mobility size and one-third power of ICPMS mass for spherical NPs; (3) quantifying the early stage propagation of NP aggregation with well-characterized oligomers; and (4) differentiating aggregated NPs and nonaggregated states based on the "apparent density" derived from both DMA size and spICPMS mass.
C1 [Tan, Jiaojie; Liu, Jingyu; El Hadri, Hind; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tan, Jiaojie; Li, Mingdong; Zechariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, Mingdong; Zechariah, Michael R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Zechariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Zechariah, MR (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vince.hackley@nist.gov; mrz@umd.edu
FU nanoEHS initiative at NIST
FX The authors would like to thank De-Hao Tsai (National Tsing Hua
University) and John M. Pettibone (NIST) for their thorough reviews and
comments on the manuscript, and Karen E. Murphy (NIST) for helpful
discussions. Funding for this research was in part provided by the
nanoEHS initiative at NIST, coordinated by Dr. Debra Kaiser, Materials
Measurement Laboratory.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 23
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD SEP 6
PY 2016
VL 88
IS 17
BP 8548
EP 8555
DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01544
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA DV3FH
UT WOS:000382805900031
PM 27479448
ER
PT J
AU Welte, C
Wacker, L
Hattendorf, B
Christl, M
Fohlmeister, J
Breitenbach, SFM
Robinson, LF
Andrews, AH
Freiwald, A
Farmer, JR
Yeman, C
Synal, HA
Gunther, D
AF Welte, Caroline
Wacker, Lukas
Hattendorf, Bodo
Christl, Marcus
Fohlmeister, Jens
Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M.
Robinson, Laura F.
Andrews, Allen H.
Freiwald, Andre
Farmer, Jesse R.
Yeman, Christiane
Synal, Hans-Arno
Gunther, Detlef
TI Laser Ablation - Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: An Approach for Rapid
Radiocarbon Analyses of Carbonate Archives at High Spatial Resolution
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID C-14 BOMB PULSE; GAS ION-SOURCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; YOUNG
SPELEOTHEMS; DEEP-WATER; STALAGMITES; HOLOCENE; AMS; RECONSTRUCTION
AB A new instrumental setup, combining laser ablation (LA) with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), has been investigated for the online radiocarbon (C-14) analysis of carbonate records. Samples were placed in an in-house designed LA-cell, and CO2 gas was produced by ablation using a 193 nm ArF excimer laser. The C-14/C-12 abundance ratio of the gas was then analyzed by gas ion source AMS. This configuration allows flexible and time-resolved acquisition of C-14 profiles in contrast to conventional measurements, where only the bulk composition of discrete samples can be obtained. Three different measurement modes, i.e. discrete layer analysis, survey scans, and precision scans, were investigated and compared using a stalagmite sample and, subsequently, applied to terrestrial and marine carbonates. Depending on the measurement mode, a precision of typically 1-5% combined with a spatial resolution of 100 mu m can be obtained. Prominent C-14 features, such as the atomic bomb C-14 peak, can be resolved by scanning several cm of a sample within 1 h. Stalagmite, deep-sea coral, and mollusk shell samples yielded comparable signal intensities, which again were comparable to those of conventional gas measurements. The novel LA-AMS setup allowed rapid scans on a variety of sample materials with high spatial resolution.
C1 [Welte, Caroline; Hattendorf, Bodo; Gunther, Detlef] ETHZ, Lab Inorgan Chem, D CHAB, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Welte, Caroline; Wacker, Lukas; Christl, Marcus; Yeman, Christiane; Synal, Hans-Arno] ETHZ, Lab Ion Beam Phys, HPK, Otto Stern Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Fohlmeister, Jens] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
[Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
[Robinson, Laura F.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
[Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
[Freiwald, Andre] Senckenberg Meer, Abt Meeresforsch, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
[Farmer, Jesse R.] Columbia Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Farmer, Jesse R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
RP Welte, C (reprint author), ETHZ, Lab Inorgan Chem, D CHAB, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.; Welte, C (reprint author), ETHZ, Lab Ion Beam Phys, HPK, Otto Stern Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM cwelte@phys.ethz.ch
RI Christl, Marcus/J-4769-2016; Breitenbach, Sebastian/C-2529-2014
OI Christl, Marcus/0000-0002-3131-6652;
FU ETH [ETH-11 11-1]
FX Financial support was given by ETH (Research Grant ETH-11 11-1) and is
gratefully acknowledged. We thank Philip Trussel for the technical
support as well as Silvia Frisia, Anton Vaks, and Gideon M. Henderson
for providing sample material. We also thank the two reviewers who
helped to improve this manuscript.
NR 34
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Z9 0
U1 18
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD SEP 6
PY 2016
VL 88
IS 17
BP 8570
EP 8576
DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01659
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA DV3FH
UT WOS:000382805900034
PM 27396439
ER
PT J
AU Chiang, WS
Fratini, E
Baglion, P
Chen, JH
Liu, Y
AF Chiang, Wei-Shan
Fratini, Emiliano
Baglion, Piero
Chen, Jin-Hong
Liu, Yun
TI Pore Size Effect on Methane Adsorption in Mesoporous Silica Materials
Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ARGON ADSORPTION; CAPILLARY
CONDENSATION; MULTILAYER ADSORPTION; CYLINDRICAL MESOPORES;
PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; GAS-ADSORPTION; BARNETT SHALE
AB Methane adsorption in model mesoporous silica materials with the size range characteristic of shale is studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Size effect on the temperature-dependent gas-adsorption at methane pressure about 100 kPa is investigated by SANS using MCM-41 and SBA-15 as adsorbents. Above the gas liquid condensation temperature, the thickness of the adsorption layer is found to be roughly constant as a function of the temperature. Moreover, the gas adsorption properties, such as the adsorbed layer thickness and the specific amount of adsorbed gas, have little dependence on the pore size being studied, i.e., pore radius of 16.5 and 34.1 angstrom, but are mainly affected by the roughness of the pore surfaces. Hence, the surface properties of the pore wall are more dominant than the pore size in determining the methane gas adsorption of pores at the nanometer size range. Not surprisingly, the gas-liquid condensation temperature is observed to be sensitive to pore size and shifts to higher temperature when the pore size is smaller. Below the gas liquid condensation temperature, even though the majority of gas adsorption experiments/simulations have assumed the density of confined liquid to be the same as the bulk density, the measured methane mass density in our samples is found to be appreciably smaller than the bulk methane density regardless of the pore sizes studied here. The mass density of liquid/solid methane in pores with different sizes shows different temperature dependence below the condensation temperature. With decreasing temperature, the methane density in larger pores (SBA-15) abruptly increases at approximately 65 K and then plateaus. In contrast, the density in smaller pores (MCM-41) monotonically increases with decreasing temperature before reaching a plateau at approximately 30 K.
C1 [Chiang, Wei-Shan; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chiang, Wei-Shan; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Fratini, Emiliano; Baglion, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem Ugo Schiff, Via Lastruccia 3-13 Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Chen, Jin-Hong] Aramco Serv Co, Aramco Res Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77096 USA.
RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.; Chen, JH (reprint author), Aramco Serv Co, Aramco Res Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77096 USA.
EM jinhong.chen@aramcoservices.com; yunliu@nist.gov
RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700
FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB12H239, 70NANB10H256]; Aramco
Services Company; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; CSGI
FX The authors thank Ronald Jones, Kathleen Weigandt, Tanya Dax, Alan Ye,
and Juscelino Leao for the nSoft beamline support. We also thank Dr. Dan
Georgi for his support of the project. Furthermore, Dr. Jorge Tovar is
acknowledged for help with sorption isotherm experiments. Y.L.
acknowledges the partial support of cooperative agreements 70NANB12H239
and 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was
funded in part by Aramco Services Company and utilized facilities
supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
DMR-0944772. E.F. and P.B. kindly acknowledge CSGI for partial financial
support.
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 19
U2 25
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP 6
PY 2016
VL 32
IS 35
BP 8849
EP 8857
DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02291
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA DV3FF
UT WOS:000382805700010
PM 27512895
ER
PT J
AU Gullans, MJ
Thompson, JD
Wang, Y
Liang, QY
Vuletic, V
Lukin, MD
Gorshkov, AV
AF Gullans, M. J.
Thompson, J. D.
Wang, Y.
Liang, Q. -Y.
Vuletic, V.
Lukin, M. D.
Gorshkov, A. V.
TI Effective Field Theory for Rydberg Polaritons
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING LENGTH; BODY PROBLEMS; BOSE-GAS; RENORMALIZATION; RANGE;
APPROXIMATION; PHOTONS; OPTICS
AB We develop an effective field theory (EFT) to describe the few-and many-body propagation of one-dimensional Rydberg polaritons. We show that the photonic transmission through the Rydberg mediumcan be found by mapping the propagation problem to a nonequilibrium quench, where the role of time and space are reversed. We include effective range corrections in the EFT and show that they dominate the dynamics near scattering resonances in the presence of deep bound states. Finally, we show how the long-range nature of the Rydberg-Rydberg interactions induces strong effectiveN-body interactions betweenRydberg polaritons. These results pave the way towards studying nonperturbative effects in quantum field theories using Rydberg polaritons.
C1 [Gullans, M. J.; Wang, Y.; Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gullans, M. J.; Wang, Y.; Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gullans, M. J.; Wang, Y.; Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Thompson, J. D.; Liang, Q. -Y.; Vuletic, V.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Gullans, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Gullans, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Gullans, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008
OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421
FU Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics through the NSF [NSF
PHY11-25915]; NSF PFC at the JQI; Harvard-MIT CUA; ARL CDQI; NSF QIS;
AFOSR; ARO; ARO MURI
FX We thank I. Carusotto, S. Diehl, P. Julienne, B. Ruzic, O. Firstenberg,
M. Maghrebi, and R. Qi for helpful discussions. This research was
supported in part by the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics through
the NSF under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915, the NSF PFC at the JQI, the
Harvard-MIT CUA, ARL CDQI, NSF QIS, AFOSR, ARO and ARO MURI.
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 6
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 11
AR 113601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.113601
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DV9GN
UT WOS:000383248700006
PM 27661685
ER
PT J
AU Wang, MH
Shi, W
Jiang, LD
Voss, K
AF Wang, Menghua
Shi, Wei
Jiang, Lide
Voss, Kenneth
TI NIR- and SWIR-based on-orbit vicarious calibrations for satellite ocean
color sensors
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE; REFLECTIVE SOLAR
BANDS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SEAWIFS; MODIS;
PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE
AB The near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithms are used in satellite ocean color data processing, with the SWIR-based algorithm particularly useful for turbid coastal and inland waters. In this study, we describe the NIR-and two SWIR-based on-orbit vicarious calibration approaches for satellite ocean color sensors, and compare results from these three on-orbit vicarious calibrations using satellite measurements from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP). Vicarious calibration gains for VIIRS spectral bands are derived using the in situ normalized water-leaving radiance nL(w)(lambda) spectra from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) in waters off Hawaii. The SWIR vicarious gains are determined using VIIRS measurements from the South Pacific Gyre region, where waters are the clearest and generally stable. Specifically, vicarious gain sets for VIIRS spectral bands of 410, 443, 486, 551, and 671 nm derived from the NIR method using the NIR 745 and 862 nm bands, the SWIR method using the SWIR 1238 and 1601 nm bands, and the SWIR method using the SWIR 1238 and 2257 nm bands are (0.979954, 0.974892, 0.974685, 0.965832, 0.979042), (0.980344, 0.975344, 0.975357, 0.965531, 0.979518), and (0.980820, 0.975609, 0.975761, 0.965888, 0.978576), respectively. Thus, the NIR-based vicarious calibration gains are consistent with those from the two SWIR-based approaches with discrepancies mostly within similar to 0.05% from three data processing methods. In addition, the NIR vicarious gains (745 and 862 nm) derived from the two SWIR methods are (0.982065, 1.00001) and (0.981811, 1.00000), respectively, with the difference similar to 0.03% at the NIR 745 nm band. This is the fundamental basis for the NIR-SWIR combined atmospheric correction algorithm, which has been used to derive improved satellite ocean color products over open oceans and turbid coastal/ inland waters. Therefore, a unified vicarious gain set for VIIRS bands M1-M8 and M10-M11 has been implemented in the VIIRS ocean color data processing. Using the unified vicarious gain set, VIIRS mission-long ocean color data have been successfully reprocessed using the NIR-, SWIR-, and NIR-SWIR-based atmospheric correction algorithms. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Wang, Menghua; Shi, Wei; Jiang, Lide] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Shi, Wei; Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)
FX This work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)
funding. The authors are grateful to the MOBY team for providing the in
situ data in support of various satellite ocean color missions. The
views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the
authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 67
TC 0
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U1 2
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 5
PY 2016
VL 24
IS 18
BP 20437
EP 20453
DI 10.1364/OE.24.020437
PG 17
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DZ8AT
UT WOS:000386091300052
PM 27607649
ER
PT J
AU Hall, EG
Jordan, AF
Hurst, DF
Oltmans, SJ
Vomel, H
Kuhnreich, B
Ebert, V
AF Hall, Emrys G.
Jordan, Allen F.
Hurst, Dale F.
Oltmans, Samuel J.
Vomel, Holger
Kuehnreich, Benjamin
Ebert, Volker
TI Advancements, measurement uncertainties, and recent comparisons of the
NOAA frost point hygrometer
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; BOULDER; SPECTROMETER;
VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; TROPOSPHERE; WASHINGTON; VALIDATION; PRESSURE
AB The NOAA frost point hygrometer (FPH) is a balloon-borne instrument flown monthly at three sites to measure water vapor profiles up to 28 km. The FPH record from Boulder, Colorado, is the longest continuous stratospheric water vapor record. The instrument has an uncertainty in the stratosphere that is <6% and up to 12% in the troposphere. A digital microcontroller version of the instrument improved upon the older versions in 2008 with sunlight filtering, better frost control, and resistance to radio frequency interference (RFI). A new thermistor calibration technique was implemented in 2014, decreasing the uncertainty in the thermistor calibration fit to less than 0.01 degrees C over the full range of frost - or dew point temperatures (-93 to +20 degrees C) measured during a profile. Results from multiple water vapor intercomparisons are presented, including the excellent agreement between the NOAA FPH and the direct tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (dTDLAS) MC-PicT-1.4 during AquaVIT-2 chamber experiments over 6 days that provides confidence in the accuracy of the FPH measurements. Dual instrument flights with two FPHs or an FPH and a cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH) also show good agreement when launched on the same balloon. The results from these comparisons demonstrate the high level of accuracy of the NOAA FPH.
C1 [Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.; Hurst, Dale F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.; Hurst, Dale F.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Vomel, Holger] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Kuehnreich, Benjamin; Ebert, Volker] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany.
[Kuehnreich, Benjamin; Ebert, Volker] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Ctr Smart Interfaces, Darmstadt, Germany.
RP Hall, EG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hall, EG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
EM emrys.hall@noaa.gov
FU US GCOS Program; NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program; EMRP project
METEOMET [ENV07]; EMRP participating countries within EURAMET; European
Union
FX The authors would like to thank Frank Polacek III, Ron Thorne, Michael
O'Neill, David "Zim" Sherman, Patrick Cullis, Hamish Chrisholm, Alan
Thomas, David Nardini, Darryl Kuniyuki, Wills Dobson, Richard Querel,
and all of the other people who have helped build and launch water vapor
sondes since the program started in 1980. We thank the US GCOS Program
for continued funding support for Lauder, New Zealand, and the NOAA
climate program office for support with operation costs at Hilo, Hawaii.
Support from the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program provides
imperative funding to all three NOAA/GMD sites. The AquaVIT-2 experiment
was partially supported by the EMRP project METEOMET (ENV07) and FP7
project EUROCHAMP2. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating
countries within EURAMET and the European Union. The authors thank
Chance Sterling for helpful conversation and comments on this
manuscript.
NR 49
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PD SEP 5
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 4295
EP 4310
DI 10.5194/amt-9-4295-2016
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8GB
UT WOS:000383891800002
ER
PT J
AU Lawrence, DM
Hurtt, GC
Arneth, A
Brovkin, V
Calvin, KV
Jones, AD
Jones, CD
Lawrence, PJ
de Noblet-Ducoudre, N
Pongratz, J
Seneviratne, SI
Shevliakova, E
AF Lawrence, David M.
Hurtt, George C.
Arneth, Almut
Brovkin, Victor
Calvin, Kate V.
Jones, Andrew D.
Jones, Chris D.
Lawrence, Peter J.
de Noblet-Ducoudre, Nathalie
Pongratz, Julia
Seneviratne, Sonia I.
Shevliakova, Elena
TI The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) contribution to
CMIP6: rationale and experimental design
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION; COVER CHANGE;
CARBON-CYCLE; SOIL-MOISTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SCALE
DEFORESTATION; SURFACE CLIMATE; HOT EXTREMES; WOOD HARVEST
AB Human land-use activities have resulted in large changes to the Earth's surface, with resulting implications for climate. In the future, land-use activities are likely to expand and intensify further to meet growing demands for food, fiber, and energy. The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) aims to further advance understanding of the impacts of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) on climate, specifically addressing the following questions. (1) What are the effects of LULCC on climate and biogeochemical cycling (past-future)? (2) What are the impacts of land management on surface fluxes of carbon, water, and energy, and are there regional land-management strategies with the promise to help mitigate climate change? In addressing these questions, LUMIP will also address a range of more detailed science questions to get at process-level attribution, uncertainty, data requirements, and other related issues in more depth and sophistication than possible in a multi-model context to date. There will be particular focus on the separation and quantification of the effects on climate from LULCC relative to all forcings, separation of biogeochemical from biogeophysical effects of land use, the unique impacts of land-cover change vs. land-management change, modulation of land-use impact on climate by land-atmosphere coupling strength, and the extent to which impacts of enhanced CO2 concentrations on plant photosynthesis are modulated by past and future land use.
LUMIP involves three major sets of science activities: (1) development of an updated and expanded historical and future land-use data set, (2) an experimental protocol for specific LUMIP experiments for CMIP6, and (3) definition of metrics and diagnostic protocols that quantify model performance, and related sensitivities, with respect to LULCC. In this paper, we describe LUMIP activity (2), i.e., the LUMIP simulations that will formally be part of CMIP6. These experiments are explicitly designed to be complementary to simulations requested in the CMIP6 DECK and historical simulations and other CMIP6 MIPs including ScenarioMIP, C4MIP, LS3MIP, and DAMIP. LUMIP includes a twophase experimental design. Phase one features idealized coupled and land-only model simulations designed to advance process-level understanding of LULCC impacts on climate, as well as to quantify model sensitivity to potential landcover and land-use change. Phase two experiments focus on quantification of the historic impact of land use and the potential for future land management decisions to aid in mitigation of climate change. This paper documents these simulations in detail, explains their rationale, outlines plans for analysis, and describes a new subgrid land-use tile data request for selected variables (reporting model output data separately for primary and secondary land, crops, pasture, and urban land-use types). It is essential that modeling groups participating in LUMIP adhere to the experimental design as closely as possible and clearly report how the model experiments were executed.
C1 [Lawrence, David M.; Lawrence, Peter J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Hurtt, George C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Arneth, Almut] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Brovkin, Victor; Pongratz, Julia] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Calvin, Kate V.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA.
[Jones, Andrew D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Jones, Chris D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[de Noblet-Ducoudre, Nathalie] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Seneviratne, Sonia I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shevliakova, Elena] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Shevliakova, Elena] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Lawrence, DM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM dlawren@ucar.edu
RI Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; Jones,
Andrew/M-4363-2013;
OI Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-1913-7870;
Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917
FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC03-97ER62402/A010, DE-SC0012972]; US
Department of Agriculture [2015-67003-23489]; German Research
Foundation's Emmy Noether Program; European Research Council (ERC
DROUGHT-HEAT project); EC [LUC4C, 603542]; Helmholtz Association through
its ATMO programme
FX We would like to thank Andy Pitman, Paul Dirmeyer, Alan DiVittorio, and
Ron Stouffer for their thoughtful and constructive reviews that led to
considerable improvements to the document. David M. Lawrence is
supported by the US Department of Energy grants DE-FC03-97ER62402/A010
and DE-SC0012972 and US Department of Agriculture grant
2015-67003-23489. Julia Pongratz is supported by the German Research
Foundation's Emmy Noether Program. Sonia I. Seneviratne acknowledges
support from the European Research Council (ERC DROUGHT-HEAT project).
Almut Arneth acknowledges support by the EC FP7 project LUC4C (grant no.
603542) and the Helmholtz Association through its ATMO programme.
Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudre acknowledges support by the EC FP7 project
LUC4C (grant no. 603542) and by all participants to former LUCID
exercises.
NR 112
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Z9 5
U1 18
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PD SEP 2
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 2973
EP 2998
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2973-2016
PG 26
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DW8GL
UT WOS:000383892800002
ER
PT J
AU Glaudell, AN
Waks, E
Taylor, JM
AF Glaudell, A. N.
Waks, E.
Taylor, J. M.
TI Serialized quantum error correction protocol for high-bandwidth quantum
repeaters
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE quantum repeater; quantum error correction; quantum dots; teleportation
ID SINGLE TRAPPED ATOM; KEY DISTRIBUTION; NOISY CHANNELS; STATE;
ENTANGLEMENT; PHOTON; COMMUNICATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SECURITY; COMPUTATION
AB Advances in single-photon creation, transmission, and detection suggest that sending quantum information over optical fibers may have losses low enough to be correctable using a quantum error correcting code (QECC). Such error-corrected communication is equivalent to a novel quantum repeater scheme, but crucial questions regarding implementation and system requirements remain open. Here we show that long-range entangled bit generation with rates approaching 10(8) entangled bits per second may be possible using a completely serialized protocol, in which photons are generated, entangled, and error corrected via sequential, one-way interactions with as few matter qubits as possible. Provided loss and error rates of the required elements are below the threshold for quantum error correction, this scheme demonstrates improved performance over transmission of single photons. We find improvement in entangled bit rates at large distances using this serial protocol and various QECCs. In particular, at a total distance of 500 km with fiber loss rates of 0.3 dB km(-1), logical gate failure probabilities of 10(-5), photon creation and measurement error rates of 10(-5), and a gate speed of 80 ps, we find the maximum single repeater chain entangled bit rates of 51 Hz at a 20 m node spacing and 190 000 Hz at a 43 m node spacing for the [[3, 1, 2]](3) and [[7, 1, 3]] QECCs respectively as compared to a bare success rate of 1 x 10(-140) Hz for single photon transmission.
C1 [Glaudell, A. N.; Waks, E.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Glaudell, A. N.; Waks, E.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Glaudell, A. N.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Waks, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Taylor, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Taylor, JM (reprint author), NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Taylor, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM jmtaylor@umd.edu
FU DARPA Quiness; NSF-Physics Frontier Center at the JQI
FX We thank Sae Woo Nam, Glenn Solomon, Alan Migdall, Rich Mirin, and Liang
Jiang for helpful conversations. This work was supported by DARPA
Quiness and by the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI.
NR 72
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 8
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD SEP 2
PY 2016
VL 18
AR 093008
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/093008
PG 14
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DW9KK
UT WOS:000383977500002
ER
PT J
AU Grayver, AV
Schnepf, NR
Kuvshinov, AV
Sabaka, TJ
Manoj, C
Olsen, N
AF Grayver, Alexander V.
Schnepf, Neesha R.
Kuvshinov, Alexey V.
Sabaka, Terence J.
Manoj, Chandrasekharan
Olsen, Nils
TI Satellite tidal magnetic signals constrain oceanic
lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
SO SCIENCE ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER-MANTLE; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY;
FIELDS; EARTH; CIRCULATION; OLIVINE; PLATES; MODEL; WATER
AB The tidal flow of electrically conductive oceans through the geomagnetic field results in the generation of secondary magnetic signals, which provide information on the subsurface structure. Data from the new generation of satellites were shown to contain magnetic signals due to tidal flow; however, there are no reports that these signals have been used to infer subsurface structure. We use satellite-detected tidal magnetic fields to image the global electrical structure of the oceanic lithosphere and upper mantle down to a depth of about 250 km. The model derived from more than 12 years of satellite data reveals a similar to 2-km-thick upper resistive layer followed by a sharp increase in electrical conductivity likely associated with the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, which separates colder rigid oceanic plates from the ductile and hotter asthenosphere.
C1 [Grayver, Alexander V.; Kuvshinov, Alexey V.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Sonneggstr 5, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Schnepf, Neesha R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sabaka, Terence J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Manoj, Chandrasekharan] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Ctr Environm Informat CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Olsen, Nils] DTU Space, Lyngby, Denmark.
RP Grayver, AV (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, Sonneggstr 5, Zurich, Switzerland.
EM agrayver@erdw.ethz.ch
FU European Space Agency STSE Swarm + Innovation Program (European Space
Research and Technology Centre) [4000113885/15/NL/MP]
FX This work is supported by the European Space Agency STSE (Support To
Science Element) Swarm + Innovation Program (European Space Research and
Technology Centre contract no. 4000113885/15/NL/MP).
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 2375-2548
J9 SCI ADV
JI Sci. Adv.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 2
IS 9
AR e1600798
DI 10.1126/sciadv.1600798
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA EP1QJ
UT WOS:000397159100005
ER
PT J
AU Hotaling, NA
Schaub, N
Ferrari, J
Jha, B
Simon, C
Bharti, K
AF Hotaling, Nathan A.
Schaub, Nicholas
Ferrari, Jorge
Jha, Balendu
Simon, Carl, Jr.
Bharti, Kapil
TI Computational Analysis of iPSC-Derived RPE Shape and Primary Cilium
Location to Create Predictive Models of Cell Function
SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the
Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)
CY MAY 01-05, 2016
CL Seattle, WA
SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol
C1 [Hotaling, Nathan A.; Ferrari, Jorge; Jha, Balendu; Bharti, Kapil] NEI, Unit Ocular & Stem Cell Translat Res, Washington, DC USA.
[Hotaling, Nathan A.; Schaub, Nicholas; Simon, Carl, Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA
SN 0146-0404
EI 1552-5783
J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI
JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 57
IS 12
MA 250
PG 3
WC Ophthalmology
SC Ophthalmology
GA EK8LA
UT WOS:000394174001092
ER
PT J
AU Jeon, J
Hotaling, N
Zamani, M
Dejene, R
Ingber, D
Bharti, K
AF Jeon, Jun
Hotaling, Nathan
Zamani, Marion
Dejene, Roba
Ingber, Donald
Bharti, Kapil
TI Tissue Engineered Human Blood-Retinal Barrier-on-a-Chip
SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the
Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)
CY MAY 01-05, 2016
CL Seattle, WA
SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol
C1 [Jeon, Jun; Hotaling, Nathan; Zamani, Marion; Bharti, Kapil] NEI, Unit Ocular Stem Cell & Translat Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Hotaling, Nathan] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zamani, Marion; Ingber, Donald] Harvard Univ, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Dejene, Roba; Bharti, Kapil] NEI, Sect Epithelial & Retinal Physiol & Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA
SN 0146-0404
EI 1552-5783
J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI
JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 57
IS 12
MA 5325
PG 2
WC Ophthalmology
SC Ophthalmology
GA EK8YM
UT WOS:000394210601006
ER
PT J
AU Stamper-Kurn, DM
Marti, GE
Muller, H
AF Stamper-Kurn, D. M.
Marti, G. E.
Mueller, H.
TI Verifying quantum superpositions at metre scales
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Letter
ID INTERFERENCE
C1 [Stamper-Kurn, D. M.; Mueller, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Stamper-Kurn, D. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Marti, G. E.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA.
[Marti, G. E.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Stamper-Kurn, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dmsk@berkeley.edu
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
EI 1476-4687
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 537
IS 7618
BP E1
EP E2
DI 10.1038/nature19108
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DU7XC
UT WOS:000382426900057
PM 27582225
ER
PT J
AU Thomson, J
Fan, YL
Stammerjohn, S
Stopa, J
Rogers, WE
Girard-Ardhuin, F
Ardhuin, F
Shen, H
Perrie, W
Shen, H
Ackley, S
Babanin, A
Liu, QX
Guest, P
Maksym, T
Wadhams, P
Fairall, C
Persson, O
Doble, M
Graber, H
Lund, B
Squire, V
Gemmrich, J
Lehner, S
Holt, B
Meylan, M
Brozena, J
Bidlot, JR
AF Thomson, Jim
Fan, Yalin
Stammerjohn, Sharon
Stopa, Justin
Rogers, W. Erick
Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny
Ardhuin, Fabrice
Shen, Hayley
Perrie, Will
Shen, Hui
Ackley, Steve
Babanin, Alex
Liu, Qingxiang
Guest, Peter
Maksym, Ted
Wadhams, Peter
Fairall, Chris
Persson, Ola
Doble, Martin
Graber, Hans
Lund, Bjoern
Squire, Vernon
Gemmrich, Johannes
Lehner, Susanne
Holt, Benjamin
Meylan, Mike
Brozena, John
Bidlot, Jean-Raymond
TI Emerging trends in the sea state of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas
SO OCEAN MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Sea ice; Arctic Ocean; Ocean surface waves
ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; ICE; WAVES; STORM; SCATTEROMETER; CALIBRATION; REANALYSIS;
CYCLONE; HEIGHT; IMPACT
AB The sea state of the Beaufort and Chukchi seas is controlled by the wind forcing and the amount of ice-free water available to generate surface waves. Clear trends in the annual duration of the open water season and in the extent of the seasonal sea ice minimum suggest that the sea state should be increasing, independent of changes in the wind forcing. Wave model hindcasts from four selected years spanning recent conditions are consistent with this expectation. In particular, larger waves are more common in years with less summer sea ice and/or a longer open water season, and peak wave periods are generally longer. The increase in wave energy may affect both the coastal zones and the remaining summer ice pack, as well as delay the autumn ice-edge advance. However, trends in the amount of wave energy impinging on the ice-edge are inconclusive, and the associated processes, especially in the autumn period of new ice formation, have yet to be well-described by in situ observations. There is an implicit trend and evidence for increasing wave energy along the coast of northern Alaska, and this coastal signal is corroborated by satellite altimeter estimates of wave energy. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Thomson, Jim] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Fan, Yalin; Rogers, W. Erick] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA.
[Stammerjohn, Sharon] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stopa, Justin; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny; Ardhuin, Fabrice] Univ Brest, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD,LOPS,IUEM, F-29280 Brest, France.
[Shen, Hayley] Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY USA.
[Perrie, Will; Shen, Hui] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
[Perrie, Will; Shen, Hui] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
[Ackley, Steve] UTSA, Snow & Ice Geophys Lab, San Antonio, TX USA.
[Babanin, Alex] Univ Melbourne, Dept Infrastruct Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Babanin, Alex; Liu, Qingxiang] Swinburne Univ Technol, Fac Sci Engn & Technol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Liu, Qingxiang] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
[Guest, Peter] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA.
[Maksym, Ted] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Wadhams, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
[Fairall, Chris; Persson, Ola] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fairall, Chris; Persson, Ola] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Doble, Martin] Polar Sci Ltd, Buckingham, England.
[Graber, Hans] Univ Miami, Ctr Southeastern Trop Adv Remote Sensing, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Lund, Bjoern] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Squire, Vernon] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, Dunedin, New Zealand.
[Gemmrich, Johannes] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Lehner, Susanne] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Cologne, Germany.
[Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Meylan, Mike] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
[Brozena, John] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7420, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Bidlot, Jean-Raymond] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Redding, England.
RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM jthomson@apl.uw.edu
RI Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/L-4153-2015
OI Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/0000-0001-7819-7665
FU Office of Naval Research "Arctic and Global Prediction" [322];
[N000141310435]; [N000141310278]; [N000141310290]; [N0001413IP20046];
[N000141310280]; [N000141612376]; [N000141310288]; [N0001413WX20830];
[N0001413IP20050]; [N000141310303]; [N000141310446];
[N00014-15-1-2611]; [N0001413WX20825]; [N000141310294];
[N000141310279]; [N000141310434]; [N000141310284]; [N000141310289]
FX This work relies heavily on publicly available datasets, including those
from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center, the Canadian Space
Agency, and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts. This
work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 322, "Arctic
and Global Prediction", directed by Drs. Martin Jeffries and Scott
Harper. (Grant numbers and Principal Investigators are: Ackley,
N000141310435; Babanin, N000141310278; Doble, N000141310290; Fairall,
N0001413IP20046; Gemmrich, N000141310280; Girard-Ardhuin and Ardhuin,
N000141612376; Graber, N000141310288; Guest, N0001413WX20830; Holt,
N0001413IP20050; Lehner, N000141310303; Maksym, N000141310446; Perrie,
N00014-15-1-2611; Rogers, N0001413WX20825; Shen, N000141310294; Squire,
N000141310279; Stammerjohn, N000141310434; Thomson, N000141310284;
Wadhams, N000141310289.)
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1463-5003
EI 1463-5011
J9 OCEAN MODEL
JI Ocean Model.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 105
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.009
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA EA6XG
UT WOS:000386771800001
ER
PT J
AU Kulvatunyou, B
Ivezic, N
Srinivasan, V
AF Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm)
Ivezic, Nenad
Srinivasan, Vijay
TI On Architecting and Composing Engineering Information Services to Enable
Smart Manufacturing
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB Engineering information systems play an important role in the current era of digitization of manufacturing, which is a key component to enable smart manufacturing. Traditionally, these engineering information systems spanned the lifecycle of a product by providing interoperability of software subsystems through a combination of open and proprietary exchange of data. But research and development efforts are underway to replace this paradigm with engineering information services that can be composed dynamically to meet changing needs in the operation of smart manufacturing systems. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges in architecting such engineering information services and composing them to enable smarter manufacturing.
C1 [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm); Ivezic, Nenad; Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM boonserm.kulvatunyou@nist.gov; nenad.ivezic@nist.gov;
vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1530-9827
EI 1944-7078
J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG
JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 3
AR 031002
DI 10.1115/1.4033725
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Manufacturing
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA EJ4LT
UT WOS:000393189400009
ER
PT J
AU Theofanos, M
Garfinkel, S
Choong, YY
AF Theofanos, Mary
Garfinkel, Simson
Choong, Yee-Yin
TI Secure and Usable Enterprise Authentication: Lessons from the Field
SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY
LA English
DT Article
AB Surveys of US Defense and Commerce department employees show that using Personal Identity Verifi cation and Common Access Cards for two-factor authentication results in improved usability and security.
C1 [Theofanos, Mary; Garfinkel, Simson; Choong, Yee-Yin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Theofanos, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mary.theofanos@nist.gov; simson.garfinkel@nist.gov;
yee-yin.choong@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1540-7993
EI 1558-4046
J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV
JI IEEE Secur. Priv.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 14
IS 5
BP 14
EP 21
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA EH1CK
UT WOS:000391501000004
ER
PT J
AU Dizdaroglu, M
Jacobs, AC
Donley, N
Calkins, MJ
Jadhav, A
Dorjsuren, D
Maloney, D
Simeonov, A
Jaruga, P
Coskun, E
McCullough, AK
Lloyd, RS
AF Dizdaroglu, M.
Jacobs, A. C.
Donley, N.
Calkins, M. J.
Jadhav, A.
Dorjsuren, D.
Maloney, D.
Simeonov, A.
Jaruga, P.
Coskun, E.
McCullough, A. K.
Lloyd, R. S.
TI Inhibition of DNA repair proteins via small molecule compounds as
potential drugs in cancer therapy
SO FEBS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st FEBS Congress on Molecular and Systems Biology for a Better Life
CY SEP 03-08, 2016
CL Kusadasi, TURKEY
SP FEBS
C1 [Dizdaroglu, M.; Jaruga, P.; Coskun, E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jacobs, A. C.; Donley, N.; Calkins, M. J.; McCullough, A. K.; Lloyd, R. S.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
[Jadhav, A.; Dorjsuren, D.; Maloney, D.; Simeonov, A.] NIH, Rockville, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1742-464X
EI 1742-4658
J9 FEBS J
JI FEBS J.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 283
SU 1
SI SI
MA S05.011002
BP 17
EP 17
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA DW4MJ
UT WOS:000383616900044
ER
PT J
AU Bojanova, I
Voas, J
Chang, M
Wilbanks, L
AF Bojanova, Irena
Voas, Jeffrey
Chang, Morris
Wilbanks, Linda
TI GUEST EDITORS' INTRODUCTION Cybersecurity or Privacy
SO IT PROFESSIONAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Bojanova, Irena; Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chang, Morris] Iowa State Univ, Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA USA.
[Wilbanks, Linda] US Dept Educ, Fed Student Aid, Washington, DC USA.
RP Bojanova, I (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM irena.bojanova@computer.org; j.voas@ieee.org; morris@iastate.edu;
linda.wilbanks@ed.go
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1520-9202
EI 1941-045X
J9 IT PROF
JI IT Prof.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 18
IS 5
BP 16
EP 17
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA EE8AX
UT WOS:000389847700004
ER
PT J
AU Stanton, B
Theofanos, MF
Prettyman, SS
Furman, S
AF Stanton, Brian
Theofanos, Mary F.
Prettyman, Sandra Spickard
Furman, Susanne
TI Security Fatigue
SO IT PROFESSIONAL
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Stanton, Brian; Furman, Susanne] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Theofanos, Mary F.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Prettyman, Sandra Spickard] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Stanton, B (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brian.stanton@nist.gov; mary.theofanos@nist.gov; sspretty50@icloud.com;
susanne.furman@nist.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1520-9202
EI 1941-045X
J9 IT PROF
JI IT Prof.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 18
IS 5
BP 26
EP 32
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA EE8AX
UT WOS:000389847700006
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, AH
Siciliano, D
Potts, DC
DeMartini, EE
Covarrubias, S
AF Andrews, Allen H.
Siciliano, Daria
Potts, Donald C.
DeMartini, Edward E.
Covarrubias, Stephannie
TI BOMB RADIOCARBON AND THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO: CORAL, OTOLITHS, AND
SEAWATER
SO RADIOCARBON
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon-14; snapper; grouper; age validation; North Pacific Gyre;
oceanography
ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC RADIOCARBON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH
PACIFIC; GROWTH-RATES; C-14 DATA; VARIABILITY; RECORD; ISLAND; AGES
AB Corals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago. In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb C-14 record for the years 1939-2002, and was then used with other C-14 measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb C-14 signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb C-14 curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral C-14 records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Subtle differences in the coral C-14 records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of C-14, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb C-14 dating to obtain high-precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak C-14 decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb C-14 dating to the latest 30 yr.
C1 [Andrews, Allen H.; DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
[Siciliano, Daria; Potts, Donald C.; Covarrubias, Stephannie] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 316 Earth & Marine Sci Bldg,1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Siciliano, Daria] Ocean Fdn, 1320 19th St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov
OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 5
PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES
PI TUCSON
PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA
SN 0033-8222
EI 1945-5755
J9 RADIOCARBON
JI Radiocarbon
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 58
IS 3
BP 531
EP 548
DI 10.1017/RDC.2016.32
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA EE8KZ
UT WOS:000389875700007
ER
PT J
AU Clapham, PJ
Ivashchenko, YV
AF Clapham, Phillip J.
Ivashchenko, Yulia V.
TI Stretching the truth: length data highlight falsification of Japanese
sperm whale catch statistics in the Southern Hemisphere
SO Royal Society Open Science
LA English
DT Article
DE whaling; illegal whaling; Southern Hemisphere; sperm whale; Japan; USSR
AB Falsification of reports on Japanese catches of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is known to have occurred at both land whaling stations and in North Pacific factory fleets. Here, we conduct an analysis of pelagic sperm whale catches in the Southern Hemisphere: we compare true Soviet length data from the Yuri Dolgorukiy factory fleet during 1960-1975 to data for the same period reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japan. Prior to implementation of the International Observer Scheme (IOS) in 1972, the Soviet fleet killed 5536 females, of which only 153 (2.8%) were at or above the minimum legal length of 11.6 m. During the same period, Japan killed 5799 females and reported that 5686 (98.5%) were of legal size, with 88.5% of the entire length distribution reported as being between 11.6 and 12.0 m. This unrealistic distribution, together with the fact that Japanese fleets were supposedly able to catch 37 times the number of legal-sized females as the Soviet fleet, indicates extensive falsification of catch data by Japan. Further evidence of misreporting is that females >11.5 m dropped to 9.1% of the Japanese catch after 1971, when the IOS made cheating much more difficult. That 99.6% of 10 433 males in the pre-IOS catch were also reported to be of legal size, indicates that illegal catches were not confined to females. We caution that the Japanese sperm whale data in the IWC Catch Database are unreliable and should not be used in population assessments. The ease with which illegal catches were apparently made underscores the past failures of the IWC to effectively regulate whaling.
C1 [Clapham, Phillip J.; Ivashchenko, Yulia V.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Clapham, PJ (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM phillip.clapham@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center contract; Ocean Associates Inc.
FX Y.V.I. was funded through a NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
contract with Ocean Associates Inc.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 6
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 2054-5703
J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI
JI R. Soc. Open Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 3
IS 9
AR 160506
DI 10.1098/rsos.160506
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA EE0AW
UT WOS:000389236700035
ER
PT J
AU Cox, SL
Miller, PI
Embling, CB
Scales, KL
Bicknell, AWJ
Hosegood, PJ
Morgan, G
Ingram, SN
Votier, SC
AF Cox, S. L.
Miller, P. I.
Embling, C. B.
Scales, K. L.
Bicknell, A. W. J.
Hosegood, P. J.
Morgan, G.
Ingram, S. N.
Votier, S. C.
TI Seabird diving behaviour reveals the functional significance of
shelf-sea fronts as foraging hotspots
SO Royal Society Open Science
LA English
DT Article
DE seabird; marine predator; oceanography; ocean front; diving behaviour;
foraging ecology
ID GANNETS SULA-BASSANA; LOW-ARCTIC ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN GANNETS; MARINE
PREDATOR; BERING-SEA; HABITAT SELECTION; MORUS-BASSANUS; THERMAL FRONTS;
CAPE GANNETS; SCALING LAWS
AB Oceanic fronts are key habitats for a diverse range of marine predators, yet how they influence fine-scale foraging behaviour is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the dive behaviour of northern gannets Morus bassanus in relation to shelf-sea fronts. We GPS (global positioning system) tracked 53 breeding birds and examined the relationship between 1901 foraging dives (from time-depth recorders) and thermal fronts (identified via Earth Observation composite front mapping) in the Celtic Sea, Northeast Atlantic. We (i) used a habitat-use availability analysis to determine whether gannets preferentially dived at fronts, and (ii) compared dive characteristics in relation to fronts to investigate the functional significance of these oceanographic features. We found that relationships between gannet dive probabilities and fronts varied by frontal metric and sex. While both sexes were more likely to dive in the presence of seasonally persistent fronts, links to more ephemeral features were less clear. Here, males were positively correlated with distance to front and cross-front gradient strength, with the reverse for females. Both sexes performed two dive strategies: shallow V-shaped plunge dives with little or no active swim phase (92% of dives) and deeper U-shaped dives with an active pursuit phase of at least 3 s (8% of dives). When foraging around fronts, gannets were half as likely to engage in U-shaped dives compared with V-shaped dives, independent of sex. Moreover, V-shaped dive durations were significantly shortened around fronts. These behavioural responses support the assertion that fronts are important foraging habitats for marine predators, and suggest a possible mechanistic link between the two in terms of dive behaviour. This research also emphasizes the importance of cross-disciplinary research when attempting to understand marine ecosystems.
C1 [Cox, S. L.; Embling, C. B.; Ingram, S. N.] Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.
[Cox, S. L.; Hosegood, P. J.] Univ Plymouth, Marine Phys Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.
[Miller, P. I.; Scales, K. L.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.
[Scales, K. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Scales, K. L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, 99 Pacific St,Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Bicknell, A. W. J.; Votier, S. C.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, England.
[Morgan, G.] RSPB, St Davids SA62 6PY, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
RP Cox, SL (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.; Cox, SL (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Marine Phys Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.; Votier, SC (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, England.
EM slcox417@gmail.com; s.c.votier@exeter.ac.uk
RI Bicknell, Anthony/G-6809-2016; Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013;
OI Bicknell, Anthony/0000-0002-2817-2010; Miller,
Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789; Votier, Stephen/0000-0002-0976-0167; Scales,
Kylie/0000-0003-0843-0956
FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/J500380/1]; Natural
Resources Wales (Seabirds Cymru); NERC grant [NE/H007466/1]
FX This work was supported by a PhD studentship to S.L.C. by the Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/J500380/1), Natural Resources
Wales (Seabirds Cymru) and an NERC grant (no. NE/H007466/1).
NR 100
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 9
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 2054-5703
J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI
JI R. Soc. Open Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 3
IS 9
AR 160317
DI 10.1098/rsos.160317
PG 16
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA EE0AW
UT WOS:000389236700020
ER
PT J
AU Strazzo, SE
Elsner, JB
LaRow, TE
Murakami, H
Wehner, M
Zhao, M
AF Strazzo, S. E.
Elsner, J. B.
LaRow, T. E.
Murakami, H.
Wehner, M.
Zhao, M.
TI The influence of model resolution on the simulated sensitivity of North
Atlantic tropical cyclone maximum intensity to sea surface temperature
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE tropical cyclones; climate models
ID CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CUMULUS CONVECTION;
PARAMETERIZATION; SST; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; DEPENDENCE; INCREASE;
IMPACTS
AB Global climate models (GCMs) are routinely relied upon to study the possible impacts of climate change on a wide range of meteorological phenomena, including tropical cyclones (TCs). Previous studies addressed whether GCMs are capable of reproducing observed TC frequency and intensity distributions. This research builds upon earlier studies by examining how well GCMs capture the physically relevant relationship between TC intensity and SST. Specifically, the influence of model resolution on the ability of a GCM to reproduce the sensitivity of simulated TC intensity to SST is examined for the MRI-AGCM (20 km), the GFDL-HiRAM (50 km), the FSU-COAPS (0.94 degrees) model, and two versions of the CAM5 (1 degrees and 0.25 degrees). Results indicate that while a 1 degrees C increase in SST corresponds to a 5.5-7.0 m s(-1) increase in observed maximum intensity, the same 1 degrees C increase in SST is not associated with a statistically significant increase in simulated TC maximum intensity for any of the models examined. However, it also is shown that the GCMs all capably reproduce the observed sensitivity of potential intensity to SST. The models generate the thermodynamic environment suitable for the development of strong TCs over the correct portions of the North Atlantic basin, but strong simulated TCs do not develop over these areas, even for models that permit Category 5 TCs. This result supports the notion that direct simulation of TC eyewall convection is necessary to accurately represent TC intensity and intensification processes in climate models, although additional explanations are also explored.
C1 [Strazzo, S. E.; Elsner, J. B.] Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Strazzo, S. E.] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA.
[LaRow, T. E.] Verato Inc, Mclean, VA USA.
[Murakami, H.; Zhao, M.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Wehner, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Murakami, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Strazzo, SE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Geog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.; Strazzo, SE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA.
EM s.e.strazz@gmail.com
FU Risk Prediction Initiative (RPI) of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean
Sciences (BIOS); program "Projection of the Change in Future Weather
Extremes Using Super-High-Resolution Atmospheric Models'' - KAKUSHIN
program of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and
Technology (MEXT) of Japan; program "Projection of the Change in Future
Weather Extremes Using Super-High-Resolution Atmospheric Models'' -
SOUSEI program of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and
Technology (MEXT) of Japan; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science;
NOAA Climate Program Office; Regional and Global Climate Modeling
Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the
Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We are grateful for the constructive feedback Jim Kossin and two
anonymous reviewers provided during the review of this paper. We also
thank Baoqiang Xiang for comments and suggestions provided during a NOAA
internal review. JBE was supported by a grant from the Risk Prediction
Initiative (RPI) of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS). HM
was supported by the program "Projection of the Change in Future Weather
Extremes Using Super-High-Resolution Atmospheric Models'' funded by the
KAKUSHIN and SOUSEI programs of the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. Calculations by the
MRI-AGCM3.2 were performed on the Earth Simulator. TEL received grant
support from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and the
NOAA Climate Program Office. MW was supported by the Regional and Global
Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental
Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science under contract
DE-AC02-05CH11231. Observed tropical cyclone data used in this paper
were obtained from http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/#hurdat, and the code
used to interpolate the TC data can be found at
http://www.hurricaneclimate.com/. SST data were downloaded from
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/data/download.html, and MERRA
reanalysis data were downloaded from
http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/mdisc/data-holdings/merra/merra_products_n
onjs.shtml. Simulated TC track data are available upon request. The code
used to generate these results is available at
http://rpubs.com/sestrazz/modelRes.
NR 59
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 3
BP 1037
EP 1054
DI 10.1002/2016MS000635
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC0LV
UT WOS:000387793500001
ER
PT J
AU Geller, MA
Zhou, TH
Shindell, D
Ruedy, R
Aleinov, I
Nazarenko, L
Tausnev, NL
Kelley, M
Sun, S
Cheng, Y
Field, RD
Faluvegi, G
AF Geller, Marvin A.
Zhou, Tiehan
Shindell, D.
Ruedy, R.
Aleinov, I.
Nazarenko, L.
Tausnev, N. L.
Kelley, M.
Sun, S.
Cheng, Y.
Field, R. D.
Faluvegi, G.
TI Modeling the QBO-Improvements resulting from higher-model vertical
resolution
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE modeling the QBO; fine vertical resolution; other model improvements
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL
TROPOPAUSE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE;
GRAVITY-WAVES; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY
AB Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model, it is shown that with proper choice of the gravity wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and relatively fine vertical layering of at least 500 m in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS), a realistic stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is modeled with the proper period, amplitude, and structure down to tropopause levels. It is furthermore shown that the specified gravity wave momentum flux controls the QBO period whereas the width of the gravity wave momentum flux phase speed spectrum controls the QBO amplitude. Fine vertical layering is required for the proper downward extension to tropopause levels as this permits wave-mean flow interactions in the UTLS region to be resolved in the model. When vertical resolution is increased from 1000 to 500 m, the modeled QBO modulation of the tropical tropopause temperatures increasingly approach that from observations, and the tape recorder of stratospheric water vapor also approaches the observed. The transport characteristics of our GISS models are assessed using age-of-air and N2O diagnostics, and it is shown that some of the deficiencies in model transport that have been noted in previous GISS models are greatly improved for all of our tested model vertical resolutions. More realistic tropical-extratropical transport isolation, commonly referred to as the tropical pipe, results from the finer vertical model layering required to generate a realistic QBO.
C1 [Geller, Marvin A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Zhou, Tiehan; Ruedy, R.; Aleinov, I.; Nazarenko, L.; Tausnev, N. L.; Kelley, M.; Cheng, Y.; Field, R. D.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[Zhou, Tiehan; Aleinov, I.; Nazarenko, L.; Cheng, Y.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA.
[Shindell, D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Ruedy, R.; Tausnev, N. L.; Kelley, M.] Trinnovim LLC, New York, NY USA.
[Sun, S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Field, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
RP Geller, MA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM marvin.geller@stonybrook.edu
FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program; NASA High-End Computing
(HEC) Program through NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at
Goddard Space Flight Center
FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction
Program and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA
Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center.
Data from these runs are available from Tiehan Zhou
(tz2131@columbia.edu). We thank Jae N. Lee for kindly providing the AURA
MLS water vapor data. The authors acknowledge the two anonymous
reviewers for their helpful comments, which led to an improved paper.
NR 49
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 3
BP 1092
EP 1105
DI 10.1002/2016MS000699
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC0LV
UT WOS:000387793500004
PM 27917258
ER
PT J
AU Trugman, AT
Fenton, NJ
Bergeron, Y
Xu, X
Welp, LR
Medvigy, D
AF Trugman, A. T.
Fenton, N. J.
Bergeron, Y.
Xu, X.
Welp, L. R.
Medvigy, D.
TI Climate, soil organic layer, and nitrogen jointly drive forest
development after fire in the North American boreal zone
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE boreal forest; carbon cycle; climate sensitivity; dynamic vegetation
model; fire disturbance; soil organic layer
ID BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; INTERIOR ALASKA; EASTERN
CANADA; PICEA-MARIANA; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TREMBLING ASPEN; VEGETATION
DYNAMICS; TREE RECRUITMENT; BURN SEVERITY
AB Previous empirical work has shown that feedbacks between fire severity, soil organic layer thickness, tree recruitment, and forest growth are important factors controlling carbon accumulation after fire disturbance. However, current boreal forest models inadequately simulate this feedback. We address this deficiency by updating the ED2 model to include a dynamic feedback between soil organic layer thickness, tree recruitment, and forest growth. The model is validated against observations spanning monthly to centennial time scales and ranging from Alaska to Quebec. We then quantify differences in forest development after fire disturbance resulting from changes in soil organic layer accumulation, temperature, nitrogen availability, and atmospheric CO2. First, we find that ED2 accurately reproduces observations when a dynamic soil organic layer is included. Second, simulations indicate that the presence of a thick soil organic layer after a mild fire disturbance decreases decomposition and productivity. The combination of the biological and physical effects increases or decreases total ecosystem carbon depending on local conditions. Third, with a 4 degrees C temperature increase, some forests transition from undergoing succession to needleleaf forests to recruiting multiple cohorts of broadleaf trees, decreasing total ecosystem carbon by approximate to 40% after 300 years. However, the presence of a thick soil organic layer due to a persistently mild fire regime can prevent this transition and mediate carbon losses even under warmer temperatures. Fourth, nitrogen availability regulates successional dynamics; broadleaf species are less competitive with needleleaf trees under low nitrogen regimes. Fifth, the boreal forest shows additional short-term capacity for carbon sequestration as atmospheric CO2 increases.
C1 [Trugman, A. T.; Medvigy, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Fenton, N. J.; Bergeron, Y.] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, NSERC UQAT UQAM Ind Chair Sustainable Forest Mana, Forest Res Inst, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada.
[Fenton, N. J.; Bergeron, Y.] Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Foret, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Xu, X.; Medvigy, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Welp, L. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Trugman, AT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM att@princeton.edu
FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1148900];
NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program Award [NNX11AD45G]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from a National Science
Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to A.T.T. (DGE 1148900) and from
the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program Award NNX11AD45G to D.M. The
authors thank the students in the Medvigy laboratory, Helen Genet, Jill
Johnstone, David McGuire, Steve Pacala, Jorge Sarmiento, Justin
Sheffield, and Aurelie Terrier and two anonymous reviewers for their
insightful suggestions. The authors also thank Benjamin Bond-Lamberty
for his assistance and generosity in providing data used to parameterize
diagnostic relations between tree diameter at breast height and plant
biomass. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data from the
model simulations is freely and publicly available on the Princeton
DataSpace Repository
(http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01cf95jd86d). Model source code
is available as a supporting information file.
NR 102
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 3
BP 1180
EP 1209
DI 10.1002/2015MS000576
PG 30
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC0LV
UT WOS:000387793500009
ER
PT J
AU Silvers, LG
Stevens, B
Mauritsen, T
Giorgetta, M
AF Silvers, Levi G.
Stevens, Bjorn
Mauritsen, Thorsten
Giorgetta, Marco
TI Radiative convective equilibrium as a framework for studying the
interaction between convection and its large-scale environment
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE radiative convective equilibrium; domain dependence; tropical
convection; cloud feedback; climate sensitivity
ID CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; SELF-AGGREGATION; THERMAL-EQUILIBRIUM; HYDROLOGICAL
CYCLE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; MOIST CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD;
MODELS; ATMOSPHERE
AB An uncertain representation of convective clouds has emerged as one of the key barriers to our understanding of climate sensitivity. The large gap in resolved spatial scales between General Circulation Models (GCMs) and high resolution models has made a systematic study of convective clouds across model configurations difficult. It is shown here that the simulated atmosphere of a GCM in Radiative Convective Equilibrium (RCE) is sufficiently similar across a range of domain sizes to justify the use of RCE to study both a GCM and a high resolution model on the same domain with the goal of improved constraints on the parameterized clouds. Simulations of RCE with parameterized convection have been analyzed on domains with areas spanning more than two orders of magnitude (0.80-204x10(6)km(2)), all having the same grid spacing of 13km. The simulated climates on different domains are qualitatively similar in their degree of convective organization, the precipitation rates, and the vertical structure of the clouds and water vapor, with the similarity increasing as the domain size increases. Sea surface temperature perturbation experiments are used to estimate the climate feedback parameter for the differently configured experiments, and the cloud radiative effect is computed to examine the role which clouds play in the response. Despite the similar climate states between the domains the feedback parameter varies by more than a factor of two; the hydrological sensitivity parameter is better behaved, varying by a factor of 1.4. The sensitivity of the climate feedback parameter to domain size is related foremost to a nonsystematic response of low-level clouds as well as an increasingly negative longwave feedback on larger domains.
C1 [Silvers, Levi G.; Stevens, Bjorn; Mauritsen, Thorsten; Giorgetta, Marco] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Silvers, Levi G.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Dept Geosci, Program Atmosphere & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Silvers, LG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.; Silvers, LG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, Dept Geosci, Program Atmosphere & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM silvers@princeton.edu
RI Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013
OI Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Stevens,
Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475
FU Princeton University
FX The authors thank Timothy W. Cronin and an anonymous reviewer for
instructive feedback that clarified the manuscript. Anurag Dipankar and
Leonidas Linardakis assisted with debugging and stimulating discussions.
Cathy Hohenegger read an early version of the manuscript and helped to
improve the presentation of our ideas. The computing resources were
provided by Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ). The research presented
here was conducted when LGS was employed by the Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology. The ICON development team at both MPI-M and DWD provided
helpful support and motivation throughout the work. Primary data and
scripts used in the analysis have been archived by the Max Planck
Institute for Meteorology and can be obtained by contacting
publications@mpimet.mpg.de. Princeton University generously supported
LGS during the final stage of the writing. LGS thanks Catherine Raphael
for assistance with Figures 15, and 6.
NR 61
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U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 3
BP 1330
EP 1344
DI 10.1002/2016MS000629
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC0LV
UT WOS:000387793500016
ER
PT J
AU Pithan, F
Ackerman, A
Angevine, WM
Hartung, K
Ickes, L
Kelley, M
Medeiros, B
Sandu, I
Steeneveld, GJ
Sterk, HAM
Svensson, G
Vaillancourt, PA
Zadra, A
AF Pithan, Felix
Ackerman, Andrew
Angevine, Wayne M.
Hartung, Kerstin
Ickes, Luisa
Kelley, Maxwell
Medeiros, Brian
Sandu, Irina
Steeneveld, Gert-Jan
Sterk, H. A. M.
Svensson, Gunilla
Vaillancourt, Paul A.
Zadra, Ayrton
TI Select strengths and biases of models in representing the Arctic winter
boundary layer over sea ice: the Larcform 1 single column model
intercomparison
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic; boundary-layer; mixed-phase clouds; models; intercomparison;
inversion
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION;
PRECIPITATION; INVERSIONS; RADIATION; SYSTEM; SHEBA
AB Weather and climate models struggle to represent lower tropospheric temperature and moisture profiles and surface fluxes in Arctic winter, partly because they lack or misrepresent physical processes that are specific to high latitudes. Observations have revealed two preferred states of the Arctic winter boundary layer. In the cloudy state, cloud liquid water limits surface radiative cooling, and temperature inversions are weak and elevated. In the radiatively clear state, strong surface radiative cooling leads to the build-up of surface-based temperature inversions. Many large-scale models lack the cloudy state, and some substantially underestimate inversion strength in the clear state. Here, the transformation from a moist to a cold dry air mass is modeled using an idealized Lagrangian perspective. The trajectory includes both boundary layer states, and the single-column experiment is the first Lagrangian Arctic air formation experiment (Larcform 1) organized within GEWEX GASS (Global atmospheric system studies). The intercomparison reproduces the typical biases of large-scale models: some models lack the cloudy state of the boundary layer due to the representation of mixed-phase microphysics or to the interaction between micro- and macrophysics. In some models, high emissivities of ice clouds or the lack of an insulating snow layer prevent the build-up of surface-based inversions in the radiatively clear state. Models substantially disagree on the amount of cloud liquid water in the cloudy state and on turbulent heat fluxes under clear skies. Observations of air mass transformations including both boundary layer states would allow for a tighter constraint of model behavior.
C1 [Pithan, Felix] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Ackerman, Andrew; Kelley, Maxwell] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Angevine, Wayne M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Hartung, Kerstin; Svensson, Gunilla] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Ickes, Luisa] ETHZ, Inst Atmosphere & Climate, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Medeiros, Brian] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sandu, Irina] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
[Steeneveld, Gert-Jan; Sterk, H. A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Vaillancourt, Paul A.; Zadra, Ayrton] Environm Canada, Rech Previs Numer Atmospher, Dorval, PQ, Canada.
RP Pithan, F (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
EM felix.pithan@awi.de
RI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179;
FU GASS (Global atmospheric system studies) steering group; ERC under
Marie-Curie grant UACSURF [GAP-654492]; NASA MAP program; NWO
[863.10.010, 829.09.005]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program
of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science
[DE-FC02-97ER62402]; National Science Foundation; Swedish e-Science
Research Centre SeRC
FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the GASS (Global atmospheric
system studies) steering group. We thank the researchers involved in the
collection of SHEBA and ARM data for making their data sets available,
and the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
Intercomparison and the World Climate Research Program's Working Group
on Coupled Modeling for making available the CMIP5 multimodel data set.
F.P. was funded by the ERC under Marie-Curie grant UACSURF (GAP-654492)
for parts of this study. AA and MK were funded by the NASA MAP program.
GJS acknowledges funding from NWO contract 863.10.010. M.S. acknowledges
the support from NWO (The Dutch Science Foundation) with grant
829.09.005 ("Quantifying contributions of surface climate feedbacks to
the Arctic amplification of greenhouse warming'' in the Sustainable
Earth program). B.M. was supported by the Regional and Global Climate
Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science,
Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-97ER62402. NCAR is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation. K.H. was supported by the Swedish e-Science
Research Centre SeRC. Thanks to Bert Holtslag for comments on an earlier
version of this manuscript, and to Thorsten Mauritsen for advice and
support in the development of the case. We gratefully acknowledge the
input and advice of two anonymous reviewers. Model results are available
at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856770.
NR 50
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 3
BP 1345
EP 1357
DI 10.1002/2016MS000630
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC0LV
UT WOS:000387793500017
ER
PT J
AU Perkins, RA
Huber, ML
Assael, MJ
AF Perkins, Richard A.
Huber, Marcia L.
Assael, Marc J.
TI Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane
(R245fa) and Correlations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity
Surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC RANKINE-CYCLE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; FLUIDS;
COEFFICIENTS; HFC-245FA; MODEL; HEAT; ORC; RECOVERY
AB New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R245fa) are reported that cover a wide range of liquid conditions. These new experimental data were made with a transient hot-wire apparatus and cover the liquid phase over a temperature range of 173-344 K and a pressure range of 0.1-71 MPa. The experimental data reported here have an expanded uncertainty (0.95 level of confidence) of less than 1%. The measurements are used with selected literature data to develop correlations for the thermal conductivity. On the basis of this expanded uncertainty and comparisons with experimental data, the thermal conductivity correlation for R245fa is estimated to have a relative expanded uncertainty (0.95 level of confidence) of about 2% at a 95% confidence level for the liquid phase at pressures to 70 MPa and 2% for the vapor phase. In addition, we surveyed literature data and developed a correlation for the viscosity of R245fa. The estimated relative expanded uncertainty (0.95 level of confidence) of this correlation is 3% for the liquid phase at pressures to 40 MPa and 2% for the vapor phase.
C1 [Perkins, Richard A.; Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Assael, Marc J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
RP Perkins, RA (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM richard.perkins@nist.gov
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 61
IS 9
BP 3286
EP 3294
DI 10.1021/acs.jced.6b00350
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA DV5YB
UT WOS:000383005500042
ER
PT J
AU Mahynski, NA
AF Mahynski, Nathan A.
TI Entropic control over nanoscale colloidal crystals
SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 24th Thermodynamics Conference
CY SEP 15-18, 2015
CL Copenhagen, DENMARK
DE Colloidal crystals; polymorphism; polymer; close-packed; self-assembly
ID HARD-SPHERE CRYSTALS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION; CRYSTALLIZATION;
MACROMOLECULES; DIFFERENCE; MIXTURES; LIQUIDS
AB Here the collective results of a recent body of work, which reveal how polymer architecture determines the most thermodynamically stable colloidal crystal structure in binary nanoscale colloid-polymer mixtures, are reviewed. At the nanoscale, the dimensions of the colloids, polymer segments and overall polymer size begin to converge. This may be exploited to thermodynamically stabilise a single desired crystal polymorph from a suite of competitors by leveraging the size and shape of the polymer. When each polymorph has a unique void symmetry, the entropic cost of polymer confinement in each crystal becomes significantly different. Thus, when a sufficient amount of polymer partitions into the crystal phase, the system's total free energy difference between the competing structures is significantly amplified; in some cases by up to three orders of magnitude. The focus of this discussion is primarily on selectively stabilising one of the two close-packed polymorphs over the other; however, the heuristics presented here also lend themselves to applications in other crystals. This approach to polymorph selection requires no modification of the colloids, and is entirely based on entropy. Consequently, this technique is thermodynamically complementary to many bottom-up' self-assembly approaches, which rely on energetic interactions to stabilise a single crystal structure.
C1 [Mahynski, Nathan A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Mahynski, NA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Informat Res Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nathan.mahynski@nist.gov
RI Mahynski, Nathan/A-3514-2017
OI Mahynski, Nathan/0000-0002-0008-8749
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0026-8976
EI 1362-3028
J9 MOL PHYS
JI Mol. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 114
IS 18
BP 2586
EP 2596
DI 10.1080/00268976.2016.1203467
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA ED1GX
UT WOS:000388594200004
ER
PT J
AU Okada, S
Bennett, DA
Curceanu, C
Doriese, WB
Fowler, JW
Gard, JD
Gustafsson, FP
Hashimoto, T
Hayano, RS
Hirenzaki, S
Hays-Wehle, JP
Hilton, GC
Ikeno, N
Iliescu, M
Ishimoto, S
Itahashi, K
Iwasaki, M
Koike, T
Kuwabara, K
Ma, Y
Marton, J
Noda, H
O'Neil, GC
Outa, H
Reintsema, CD
Sato, M
Schmidt, DR
Shi, H
Suzuki, K
Suzuki, T
Swetz, DS
Tatsuno, H
Uhlig, J
Ullom, JN
Widmann, E
Yamada, S
Yamagata-Sekihara, J
Zmeskal, J
AF Okada, S.
Bennett, D. A.
Curceanu, C.
Doriese, W. B.
Fowler, J. W.
Gard, J. D.
Gustafsson, F. P.
Hashimoto, T.
Hayano, R. S.
Hirenzaki, S.
Hays-Wehle, J. P.
Hilton, G. C.
Ikeno, N.
Iliescu, M.
Ishimoto, S.
Itahashi, K.
Iwasaki, M.
Koike, T.
Kuwabara, K.
Ma, Y.
Marton, J.
Noda, H.
O'Neil, G. C.
Outa, H.
Reintsema, C. D.
Sato, M.
Schmidt, D. R.
Shi, H.
Suzuki, K.
Suzuki, T.
Swetz, D. S.
Tatsuno, H.
Uhlig, J.
Ullom, J. N.
Widmann, E.
Yamada, S.
Yamagata-Sekihara, J.
Zmeskal, J.
TI First application of superconducting transition-edge sensor
microcalorimeters to hadronic atom X-ray spectroscopy
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID KAONIC HYDROGEN; ENERGY; CONSTRAINTS; RESOLUTION
AB High-resolution pionic atom X-ray spectroscopy was performed with an X-ray spectrometer based on a 240 pixel array of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters at the pi M1 beam line of the Paul Scherrer Institute. X-rays emitted by pionic carbon via the 4f -> 3d transition and the parallel 4d -> 3p transition were observed with a full width at half maximum energy resolution of 6.8 eV at 6.4 keV. The measured X-ray energies are consistent with calculated electromagnetic values which considered the strong interaction effect assessed via the Seki-Masutani potential for the 3p energy level, and favor the electronic population of two filled 1s electrons in the K-shell. Absolute energy calibration with an uncertainty of 0.1 eV was demonstrated under a high-rate hadron beam condition of 1.45 MHz. This is the first application of a TES spectrometer to hadronic atom X-ray spectroscopy and is an important milestone towards next-generation high-resolution kaonic atom X-ray spectroscopy.
C1 [Okada, S.; Hashimoto, T.; Itahashi, K.; Iwasaki, M.; Ma, Y.; Noda, H.; Outa, H.; Sato, M.] RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Gard, J. D.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hilton, G. C.; O'Neil, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Swetz, D. S.; Tatsuno, H.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Curceanu, C.; Iliescu, M.; Shi, H.] INFN, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
[Gustafsson, F. P.; Tatsuno, H.; Uhlig, J.] Lund Univ, Box 117, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
[Hayano, R. S.; Suzuki, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
[Hirenzaki, S.] NaraWomens Univ, Dept Phys, Nara 6308506, Japan.
[Ikeno, N.] Tottori Univ, Dept Reg Environm, Tottori 6808551, Japan.
[Ishimoto, S.; Tatsuno, H.] High Energy Accelerator Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Koike, T.] Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Res Ctr Phys & Math, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728530, Japan.
[Kuwabara, K.; Yamada, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
[Marton, J.; Suzuki, K.; Widmann, E.; Zmeskal, J.] Stefan Meyer Inst Subatomare Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Yamagata-Sekihara, J.] Natl Inst Technol, Oshima Coll, Yamaguchi 7422193, Japan.
[Okada, S.] RIKEN, AMO Phys Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Noda, H.] Tohoku Univ, Frontier Res Inst Interdisciplinary Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
RP Okada, S (reprint author), RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
EM sokada@riken.jp
RI Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; Widmann, Eberhard/G-2545-2011; Marton,
Johann/H-2668-2012
OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Widmann,
Eberhard/0000-0003-0486-6023; Marton, Johann/0000-0001-5139-7720
FU RIKEN; NIST; KEK; MEXT; JSPS [25105514, 26707014, 24105003, 15H05438,
15H00785, R2509]; Mitsubishi Foundation [26145]; NIST Innovations in
Measurement Science Program
FX The authors thank K. Deiters and the PSI staff for beamline coordination
and operation. J. Uhlig thanks the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
for their continued support. This work was partly supported by RIKEN,
NIST, KEK, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from MEXT and JSPS
(Nos. 25105514, 26707014, 24105003, 15H05438, and 15H00785), the
Strategic Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program for Accelerating
Brain Circulation by JSPS (No. R2509), Incentive Research Grant from
RIKEN, Mitsubishi Foundation (26145), and the NIST Innovations in
Measurement Science Program.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 2050-3911
J9 PROG THEOR EXP PHYS
JI Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
IS 9
AR 091D01
DI 10.1093/ptep/ptw130
PG 9
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA ED1BG
UT WOS:000388578000017
ER
PT J
AU Mahrenholtz, P
Eligehausen, R
Hutchinson, TC
Hoehler, MS
AF Mahrenholtz, Philipp
Eligehausen, Rolf
Hutchinson, Tara C.
Hoehler, Matthew S.
TI Behavior of Post-Installed Anchors Tested by Stepwise Increasing Cyclic
Load Protocols
SO ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE anchor; crack; earthquake; load cycling; shear; tension; testing
ID CONCRETE; TENSION
AB Cyclic loads are a characteristic feature of actions acting on structures and anchorages during earthquakes. For this reason, seismic qualification of post-installed concrete anchors according to the internationally recognized American Concrete Institute (ACI) standards ACI 355.2 and 355.4 are based on cyclic load tests. The protocols for these cyclic load tests, however, have limited scientific basis. Therefore, in the present paper, newly developed test protocols with stepwise increasing load amplitudes are used to more realistically evaluate anchor seismic performance. The study focuses on the load-displacement behavior of common anchor types installed in cracked concrete and subjected to both cyclic tension and cyclic shear actions. The results confirmed robust behavior for anchors loaded in cyclic tension even in the presence of crack widths in the anchorage material larger than currently required by ACI 355. In addition, the critical influence of low cycle fatigue on the performance of anchors loaded in cyclic shear is demonstrated.
C1 [Mahrenholtz, Philipp] Stanley Black & Decker Powers Fasteners Europe, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Eligehausen, Rolf] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Construct Mat, Stuttgart, Germany.
[Hutchinson, Tara C.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Hoehler, Matthew S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hoehler, Matthew S.] Hilti Corp, Schaan, Liechtenstein.
RP Mahrenholtz, P (reprint author), Stanley Black & Decker Powers Fasteners Europe, Frankfurt, Germany.
FU Hilti Corporation
FX This research was funded by the Hilti Corporation. Opinions,
conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are those of
the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsors or the
authors' affiliations. The assistance of the staff at the Anchor
Laboratory of the University of Stuttgart is greatly appreciated.
NR 40
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER CONCRETE INST
PI FARMINGTON HILLS
PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA
SN 0889-3241
EI 1944-7361
J9 ACI STRUCT J
JI ACI Struct. J.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 113
IS 5
BP 997
EP 1008
DI 10.14359/51689023
PG 12
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science
GA EC5YY
UT WOS:000388214400011
PM 27890969
ER
PT J
AU Kuersten, A
AF Kuersten, Andreas
TI China's Changing Legal System: Lawyers and Judges on Civil and Criminal
Law
SO CHINA QUARTERLY
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 [Kuersten, Andreas] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Kuersten, Andreas] US Navy, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kuersten, A (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM andreas.kuersten@armfor.uscourts.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0305-7410
EI 1468-2648
J9 CHINA QUART
JI China Q.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 227
SI SI
BP 820
EP 822
PG 4
WC Area Studies
SC Area Studies
GA EC7QF
UT WOS:000388334700018
ER
PT J
AU Bryan, MS
Prisk, TR
Azuah, RT
Stirling, WG
Sokol, PE
AF Bryan, M. S.
Prisk, T. R.
Azuah, R. T.
Stirling, W. G.
Sokol, P. E.
TI The momentum distribution of liquid He-3
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; SUPERFLUID HE-4;
ZERO-SOUND; CONDENSATE; DEPENDENCE; DENSITY; SYSTEMS
AB We present high-resolution neutron Compton scattering measurements of liquid He-3 below its renormalized Fermi temperature. Theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data when instrumental resolution and final-state effects are accounted for. Our results resolve the long-standing inconsistency between theoretical and experimental estimates of the average atomic kinetic energy. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2016
C1 [Bryan, M. S.; Sokol, P. E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Prisk, T. R.; Azuah, R. T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Azuah, R. T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Stirling, W. G.] Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France.
RP Bryan, MS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
OI Prisk, Timothy/0000-0002-7943-5175
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
EI 1286-4854
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 115
IS 6
AR 66001
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/115/66001
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA EC8CW
UT WOS:000388368900020
ER
PT J
AU Nisbet, EG
Dlugokencky, EJ
Manning, MR
Lowry, D
Fisher, RE
France, JL
Michel, SE
Miller, JB
White, JWC
Vaughn, B
Bousquet, P
Pyle, JA
Warwick, NJ
Cain, M
Brownlow, R
Zazzeri, G
Lanoiselle, M
Manning, AC
Gloor, E
Worthy, DEJ
Brunke, EG
Labuschagne, C
Wolff, EW
Ganesan, AL
AF Nisbet, E. G.
Dlugokencky, E. J.
Manning, M. R.
Lowry, D.
Fisher, R. E.
France, J. L.
Michel, S. E.
Miller, J. B.
White, J. W. C.
Vaughn, B.
Bousquet, P.
Pyle, J. A.
Warwick, N. J.
Cain, M.
Brownlow, R.
Zazzeri, G.
Lanoiselle, M.
Manning, A. C.
Gloor, E.
Worthy, D. E. J.
Brunke, E-G.
Labuschagne, C.
Wolff, E. W.
Ganesan, A. L.
TI Rising atmospheric methane: 2007-2014 growth and isotopic shift
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID HADLEY-CELL; 2 DECADES; EMISSIONS; BUDGET; CH4; VARIABILITY; HYDROXYL;
CLIMATE; CONSTRAINTS; ATTRIBUTION
AB From 2007 to 2013, the globally averaged mole fraction of methane in the atmosphere increased by 5.7 +/- 1.2 ppb yr(-1). Simultaneously, delta C-13(CH4) (a measure of the C-13/C-12 isotope ratio in methane) has shifted to significantly more negative values since 2007. Growth was extreme in 2014, at 12.5 +/- 0.4 ppb, with a further shift to more negative values being observed at most latitudes. The isotopic evidence presented here suggests that the methane rise was dominated by significant increases in biogenic methane emissions, particularly in the tropics, for example, from expansion of tropical wetlands in years with strongly positive rainfall anomalies or emissions from increased agricultural sources such as ruminants and rice paddies. Changes in the removal rate of methane by the OH radical have not been seen in other tracers of atmospheric chemistry and do not appear to explain short-term variations in methane. Fossil fuel emissions may also have grown, but the sustained shift to more C-13-depleted values and its significant interannual variability, and the tropical and Southern Hemisphere loci of post-2007 growth, both indicate that fossil fuel emissions have not been the dominant factor driving the increase. A major cause of increased tropical wetland and tropical agricultural methane emissions, the likely major contributors to growth, may be their responses to meteorological change.
C1 [Nisbet, E. G.; Lowry, D.; Fisher, R. E.; France, J. L.; Brownlow, R.; Zazzeri, G.; Lanoiselle, M.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England.
[Dlugokencky, E. J.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Manning, M. R.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Climate Change Res Inst, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
[France, J. L.; Manning, A. C.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
[Michel, S. E.; Miller, J. B.; White, J. W. C.; Vaughn, B.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bousquet, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Pyle, J. A.; Warwick, N. J.; Cain, M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge, England.
[Pyle, J. A.; Warwick, N. J.; Cain, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England.
[Gloor, E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Worthy, D. E. J.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Brunke, E-G.; Labuschagne, C.] South African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Labuschagne, C.] North West Univ, Sch Phys & Chem Sci, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
[Wolff, E. W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge, England.
[Ganesan, A. L.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.
RP Nisbet, EG (reprint author), Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England.
EM e.nisbet@rhul.ac.uk
RI Ganesan, Anita/D-6230-2016
OI Ganesan, Anita/0000-0001-5715-8923
FU UK NERC [NE/N016211/1, NE/M005836/1, NE/K006045/1, NE/I028874/1]
FX This work was supported by the UK NERC projects NE/N016211/1 The Global
Methane Budget, NE/M005836/1 Methane at the edge, NE/K006045/1 The
Southern Methane Anomaly and NE/I028874/1 MAMM. We thank the UK
Meteorological Office for flask collection and hosting the continuous
measurement at Ascension, the Ascension Island Government for essential
support, and Thumeka Mkololo for flask collection in Cape Town. Data
sources and archiving are listed in the supporting information S1,
section 2. RHUL data are being stored with the UK Centre for
Environmental Data Analysis. NOAA data are accessible from
ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/greenhouse_gases/ch4/flask/surface/. For
figures, see the U.S. NOAA ESRL website and
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/figures/. INSTAAR data found in the
readme file are available from
ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/ch4c13/flask/surface/ and
ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/ch4c13/flask/surface/README_su
rface_flask_ch4c13.html
NR 61
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 17
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
EI 1944-9224
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 30
IS 9
BP 1356
EP 1370
DI 10.1002/2016GB005406
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA EC9II
UT WOS:000388457700009
ER
PT J
AU Waugh, DW
Toigo, AD
Guzewich, SD
Greybush, SJ
Wilson, RJ
Montabone, L
AF Waugh, D. W.
Toigo, A. D.
Guzewich, S. D.
Greybush, S. J.
Wilson, R. J.
Montabone, L.
TI Martian polar vortices: Comparison of reanalyses
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER ICE CLOUDS; TES NADIR DATA; POTENTIAL
VORTICITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERE; MARS; DUST; SIMULATION;
CLIMATE
AB The structure and evolution of the Martian polar vortices is examined using two recently available reanalysis systems: version 1.0 of the Mars Analysis Correction Data Assimilation (MACDA) and a preliminary version of the Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS). There is quantitative agreement between the reanalyses in the lower atmosphere, where Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data are assimilated, but there are differences at higher altitudes reflecting differences in the free-running general circulation model simulations used in the two reanalyses. The reanalyses show similar potential vorticity (PV) structure of the vortices: There is near-uniform small PV equatorward of the core of the westerly jet, steep meridional PV gradients on the polar side of the jet core, and a maximum of PV located off of the pole. In maps of 30 sol mean PV, there is a near-continuous elliptical ring of high PV with roughly constant shape and longitudinal orientation from fall to spring. However, the shape and orientation of the vortex varies on daily time scales, and there is not a continuous ring of PV but rather a series of smaller scale coherent regions of high PV. The PV structure of the Martian polar vortices is, as has been reported before, very different from that of Earth's stratospheric polar vortices, but there are similarities with Earth's tropospheric vortices which also occur at the edge of the Hadley Cell, and have near-uniform small PV equatorward of the jet, and a large increase of PV poleward of the jet due to increased stratification.
C1 [Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Toigo, A. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Laurel, MD USA.
[Guzewich, S. D.] CREST USRA NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Greybush, S. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Wilson, R. J.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Montabone, L.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Waugh, DW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM Waugh@jhu.edu
FU NASA [NNX14AG53G, NNX13AK02G]; NASA MDAP [NNX11AL25G, NNX14AM13G]
FX We thank Dann Mitchell and Steven Thompson for helpful discussions and
for sharing the code to calculate PV. The TES and MCS data are available
in the Planetary Data System (PDS)
http://pds-atmospheres.nmsu.edu/data_and_services/atmospheres_data/Mars/
Mars.html. The MACDA v1,0 data set is available at
10.5285/78114093-E2BD-4601-8AE5-3551E62AEF2B, upon free registration to
the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA). All other data are
available from the corresponding author upon direct request. This
research was supported by NASA grants from the Mars Fundamental Research
Program (NNX14AG53G) and Mars Data Analysis Program (NNX13AK02G).
Development of EMARS was supported by NASA MDAP grants NNX11AL25G and
NNX14AM13G.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
EI 2169-9100
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 1770
EP 1785
DI 10.1002/2016JE005093
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA EC0MO
UT WOS:000387795400011
ER
PT J
AU Lipsky, CA
Saunders, R
Stevens, JR
AF Lipsky, Christine A.
Saunders, Rory
Stevens, Justin R.
TI Evidence of Successful Spawning and Other Life-History Aspects of Alosa
sapidissima (American Shad) in the Penobscot River and Estuary
SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
ID CONNECTICUT RIVER; MORTALITY-RATES; POPULATION; ATLANTIC; MOVEMENTS;
SALINITY; REMOVAL; PASSAGE; LARVAL; FISHES
AB Diadromous fish populations in Maine are near historically low levels. In the Penobscot River, ME, annual runs of Alosa sapidissima (American Shad) numbered in the millions prior to a collapse in abundance in the late 19th century. Today, the vast majority of historical American Shad spawning habitat is inaccessible to the fish; thus, there is uncertainty in terms of origin of the few extant American Shad that remain in the Penobscot. We used several types of sampling gear in the lower Penobscot River and Penobscot estuary as part of a community survey that documented the presence of juvenile American Shad throughout the estuary from July through August 2012. Our surveys indicated the presence of premetamorphic American Shad upstream of a salinity barrier, and therefore we conclude that there is a population of American Shad successfully spawning in the Penobscot River. Such evidence of a local stock is vitally important as managers weigh restoration options, such as stocking with donor stocks, enhancement of existing stocks, or natural recolonization.
C1 [Lipsky, Christine A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
[Saunders, Rory] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
[Stevens, Justin R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Greater Atlantic Reg Fisheries Off, Integrated Stat,Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
RP Lipsky, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
EM Christine.Lipsky@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST
PI STEUBEN
PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA
SN 1092-6194
EI 1938-5307
J9 NORTHEAST NAT
JI Northeast. Nat
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 23
IS 3
BP 367
EP 377
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA EC9FG
UT WOS:000388449200008
ER
PT J
AU Shao, WZ
Zhang, Z
Li, XF
Li, H
AF Shao, Weizeng
Zhang, Zheng
Li, Xiaofeng
Li, Huan
TI Ocean Wave Parameters Retrieval from Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE significant wave height; mean wave period; Sentinel-1; synthetic
aperture radar (SAR)
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; MODE DATA; POLARIMETRIC SAR; VALIDATION;
ALGORITHM; SPECTRA; SCATTEROMETER; WATERS; WINDS; SEAS
AB In this paper, a semi-empirical algorithm for significant wave height (H-s) and mean wave period (T-mw) retrieval from C-band VV-polarization Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is presented. We develop a semi-empirical function for H-s retrieval, which describes the relation between H-s and cutoff wavelength, radar incidence angle, and wave propagation direction relative to radar look direction. Additionally, T-mw can be also calculated through H-s and cutoff wavelength by using another empirical function. We collected 106 C-band stripmap mode Sentinel-1 SAR images in VV-polarization and wave measurements from in situ buoys. There are a total of 150 matchup points. We used 93 matchups to tune the coefficients of the semi-empirical algorithm and the rest 57 matchups for validation. The comparison shows a 0.69 m root mean square error (RMSE) of H-s with a 18.6% of scatter index (SI) and 1.98 s RMSE of T-mw with a 24.8% of SI. Results indicate that the algorithm is suitable for wave parameters retrieval from Sentinel-1 SAR data.
C1 [Shao, Weizeng; Zhang, Zheng; Li, Xiaofeng] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Marine Acoust & Remote Sensing Lab, Zhoushan 316000, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, Global Sci & Technol, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Li, Huan] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China.
[Li, Huan] Hohai Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Coast Ocean Resources Dev & Envir, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
RP Li, XF (reprint author), Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Marine Acoust & Remote Sensing Lab, Zhoushan 316000, Peoples R China.; Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, Global Sci & Technol, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM shaoweizeng@zjou.edu.cn; zhangzheng_07@163.com; xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov;
usher02@126.com
RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008;
OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; LI, Huan/0000-0002-6541-0428; zhang,
zheng/0000-0002-8563-0647; shao, weizeng/0000-0003-3693-6217
FU Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LQ14D060001];
Public Welfare Technical Applied Research Project of Zhejiang Province
[2015C31021]; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources
Development and Environment Security [JSCE201505]; Scientific Foundation
of Zhejiang Ocean University
FX The C-band Sentinel-1 SAR images are provided by European Space Agency
via https://scihub.copernicus.eu. Buoy data are downloaded via
http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/. The research is partly supported by the
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.
LQ14D060001, Public Welfare Technical Applied Research Project of
Zhejiang Province under Grant No. 2015C31021, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security under Grant
JSCE201505 and Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang Ocean University
(2015). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are
those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or
U.S. Government position, policy or decision.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 9
AR 707
DI 10.3390/rs8090707
PG 14
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA DY9XB
UT WOS:000385488000017
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XJ
Key, J
Kwok, R
Zhang, JL
AF Wang, Xuanji
Key, Jeffrey
Kwok, Ron
Zhang, Jinlun
TI Comparison of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness from Satellites, Aircraft, and
PIOMAS Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE sea ice thickness; Arctic; remote sensing; satellite; ICESat; CryoSat-2;
SMOS; IceBridge; PIOMAS; APP-x
ID SNOW DEPTH; OPERATION ICEBRIDGE; MODEL; RETRIEVAL; FREEBOARD; ALGORITHM;
CLOUD
AB In this study, six Arctic sea ice thickness products are compared: the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder-extended (APP-x), ICESat, CryoSat-2, SMOS, NASA IceBridge aircraft flights, and the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). The satellite products are based on three different retrieval methods: an energy budget approach, measurements of ice freeboard, and the relationship between passive microwave brightness temperatures and thin ice thickness. Inter-comparisons are done for the periods of overlap from 2003 to 2013. Results show that ICESat sea ice is thicker than APP-x and PIOMAS overall, particularly along the north coast of Greenland and Canadian Archipelago. The relative differences of APP-x and PIOMAS with ICESat are -0.48 m and -0.31 m, respectively. APP-x underestimates thickness relative to CryoSat-2, with a mean difference of -0.19 m. The biases for APP-x, PIOMAS, and CryoSat-2 relative to IceBridge thicknesses are 0.18 m, 0.18 m, and 0.29 m. The mean difference between SMOS and CryoSat-2 for 0 similar to 1 m thick ice is 0.13 m in March and -0.24 m in October. All satellite-retrieved ice thickness products and PIOMAS overestimate the thickness of thin ice (1 m or less) compared to IceBridge for which SMOS has the smallest bias (0.26 m). The spatial correlation between the datasets indicates that APP-x and PIOMAS are the most similar, followed by APP-x and CryoSat-2.
C1 [Wang, Xuanji] UW Madison, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Key, Jeffrey] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kwok, Ron] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Zhang, Jinlun] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), UW Madison, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu; jeff.key@noaa.gov; ronald.kwok@jpl.nasa.gov;
zhang@apl.washington.edu
OI Wang, Xuanji/0000-0002-5893-758X; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050
FU JPSS Program Office; GOES-R Program Office; National Science Foundation
[ARC-1023371]; NASA Cryosphere Program [NNX15AG68G]
FX This work was supported by the JPSS Program Office, the GOES-R Program
Office, the National Science Foundation (ARC-1023371), and the NASA
Cryosphere Program (NNX15AG68G). We thank the Alfred Wegener
Institute/Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research and the
European Space Agency for making the Cryosat-2 ice thickness product
available to the scientific community, the University of Hamburg for the
SMOS ice thicknesses, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center and NASA
for the IceBridge data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in
this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an
official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 6
U2 6
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 9
AR 713
DI 10.3390/rs8090713
PG 17
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA DY9XB
UT WOS:000385488000023
ER
PT J
AU Knipp, DJ
Ramsay, AC
Beard, ED
Boright, AL
Cade, WB
Hewins, IM
McFadden, RH
Denig, WF
Kilcommons, LM
Shea, MA
Smart, DF
AF Knipp, D. J.
Ramsay, A. C.
Beard, E. D.
Boright, A. L.
Cade, W. B.
Hewins, I. M.
McFadden, R. H.
Denig, W. F.
Kilcommons, L. M.
Shea, M. A.
Smart, D. F.
TI The May 1967 great storm and radio disruption event: Extreme space
weather and extraordinary responses
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Review
ID MAGNETIC STORM; SOLAR-FLARES; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; ELECTRON-CONTENT;
COSMIC-RAYS; ENHANCEMENTS; DISTURBANCE; IONOSPHERE; RADIATION; PROTONS
AB Although listed as one of the most significant events of the last 80 years, the space weather storm of late May 1967 has been of mostly fading academic interest. The storm made its initial mark with a colossal solar radio burst causing radio interference at frequencies between 0.01 and 9.0 GHz and near-simultaneous disruptions of dayside radio communication by intense fluxes of ionizing solar X-rays. Aspects of military control and communication were immediately challenged. Within hours a solar energetic particle event disrupted high-frequency communication in the polar cap. Subsequently, record-setting geomagnetic and ionospheric storms compounded the disruptions. We explain how the May 1967 storm was nearly one with ultimate societal impact, were it not for the nascent efforts of the United States Air Force in expanding its terrestrial weather monitoring-analysis-warning-prediction efforts into the realm of space weather forecasting. An important and long-lasting outcome of this storm was more formal Department of Defense-support for current-day space weather forecasting. This story develops during the rapid rise of solar cycle 20 and the intense Cold War in the latter half of the twentieth century. We detail the events of late May 1967 in the intersecting categories of solar-terrestrial interactions and the political-military backdrop of the Cold War. This was one of the "Great Storms" of the twentieth century, despite the apparent lack of large geomagnetically induced currents. Radio disruptions like those discussed here warrant the attention of today's radio-reliant, cellular-phone and satellite-navigation enabled world.
C1 [Knipp, D. J.; Kilcommons, L. M.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Knipp, D. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Ramsay, A. C.; Beard, E. D.; Boright, A. L.] US Air Force, Air Weather Serv, Washington, DC USA.
[Cade, W. B.] Baylor Univ, Baylor Inst Air Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
[Hewins, I. M.; McFadden, R. H.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA.
[Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA.
[Shea, M. A.; Smart, D. F.] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA.
RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM delores.knipp@colorado.edu
FU NSF [DES-1446704, AGS 1144154]; Queensborough Community College of New
York; NSF RAPID grant [1540544]; National Science Foundation
[PLR-1341562]
FX This paper was motivated by the lead author's discussions and
interactions at the October 2015 Space Weather Enterprise Forum in
Washington, D. C., which revealed a need to capture some of the space
weather history of the Air Weather Service Space Environment Support
System (SESS). D.J.K. is grateful to Lee Snyder, who was the NORAD Solar
Forecasting Unit Duty Forecaster on 23 May 1967, for assistance with
this manuscript. Several authors have been associated with DOD space
environment support efforts: D.J.K., A.C.R., E.D.B., A.L.B., and W.T.C.
are all retired members of USAF AWS and most served at NCMC. W.F.D.,
D.F.S., and M.A.S. supported space environment efforts at AFRL. L.M.K.,
I.M.H., and R.M. supported this effort with illustrations and
calculations. D.J.K. thanks many contributors for their thoughtful
inputs and assistance including Arthur Richmond, Kenneth Moe, and Dieter
Bilitza. D.J.K. was partially supported by NSF grant DES-1446704 via a
contract with Queensborough Community College of New York. L.M.K. was
partially supported by NSF grant AGS 1144154. The images in Figure 1 are
from the historical collections of the National Solar Observatory. Data
were acquired by the Flare Patrol H alpha instrument operated by
NSO/AURA/NSF (and previously by USAF). The redrawings of Carrington
Rotations 1520 and 1521 and McMath Plage region 8818 are from I.M.H. and
R.M. who are partially supported by NSF RAPID grant 1540544. Figure 4 is
from data on Solar Event of 23 May 1967 and its Geophysical Effects,
WDC-A Report UAG-5, ESSA, Boulder,
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/onlinepublications/stp_uag/
(accessed 08 May 2016). Solar wind and indices data in Figure 5 are from
NASA OmniWeb: http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html. The South Pole
Neutron Monitor data in Figure 5h are from
http://neutronm.bartol.udel.edu/similar to pyle/bri_table.html. The
South Pole neutron monitor is supported by National Science Foundation
award PLR-1341562. D.J.K. benefited from library access at the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) High Altitude Observatory (HAO).
NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation.
NR 110
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 14
IS 9
BP 614
EP 633
DI 10.1002/2016SW001423
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA EC0PE
UT WOS:000387802300001
ER
PT J
AU Clack, CTM
Alexander, A
Choukulkar, A
MacDonald, AE
AF Clack, Christopher T. M.
Alexander, Anneliese
Choukulkar, Aditya
MacDonald, Alexander E.
TI Demonstrating the effect of vertical and directional shear for resource
mapping of wind power
SO WIND ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE wind power; numerical weather prediction; power modelling; wind shear;
rotor equivalent wind speed; renewable energy; datasets; techniques;
data assimilation
ID ENERGY ANALYSIS; SPEED; RUC
AB The use of wind energy is growing around the world, and its growth is set to continue into the foreseeable future. Estimates of the wind speed and power are helpful to assess the potential of new sites for development and to facilitate electric grid integration studies. In the present paper, wind speed and power resource mapping analyses are performed. These resource mappings are produced on a 13 km, hourly model grid over the entire continental USA for the years of 2006-2014. The effects of the rotor equivalent wind speed (REWS) along with directional shear are investigated. The total dataset (wind speed and power) contains approximate to 152,000 model grid points, with each location containing approximate to 78,000 hourly time steps. The resource mapping and dataset are created from analysis fields, which are output from an advanced weather assimilation model. Two different methods were used to estimate the wind speed over the rotor swept area (with rotor diameter of 100 m). First, using a single wind speed at hub height (80 m) and, second, the REWS with directional shear. The demonstration study shows that in most locations the incorporation of the REWS reduces the average available wind power. In addition, the REWS technique estimates more wind power production at night and less production in the day compared with the hub height technique; potentially critical for siting new wind turbines and plants. However, the wind power estimate differences are dependent on seasonality, diurnal cycle and geographic location. More research is warranted into these effects to determine the level at which these features are observed at actual wind plants. (C) 2015 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Clack, Christopher T. M.; Alexander, Anneliese; Choukulkar, Aditya] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Clack, Christopher T. M.; Alexander, Anneliese; Choukulkar, Aditya; MacDonald, Alexander E.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Clack, CTM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Christopher.Clack@NOAA.gov
OI Clack, Christopher/0000-0003-3280-9747
FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
FX The authors would like to thank J. Olson, A. Dunbar, J. Wilczak, Y. Xie,
M. Marquis, C. Sosa, A. Sitler and A. Way for their helpful comments,
discussions and recommendations for the study carried out in the present
paper. The authors are thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments and feedback that improved the paper immensely. The
work contained herein was funded by the Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1095-4244
EI 1099-1824
J9 WIND ENERGY
JI Wind Energy
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 19
IS 9
BP 1687
EP 1697
DI 10.1002/we.1944
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA DZ8VB
UT WOS:000386148900008
ER
PT J
AU Song, H
Marshall, J
Munro, DR
Dutkiewicz, S
Sweeney, C
McGillicuddy, DJ
Hausmann, U
AF Song, Hajoon
Marshall, John
Munro, David R.
Dutkiewicz, Stephanie
Sweeney, Colm
McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.
Hausmann, Ute
TI Mesoscale modulation of air-sea CO2 flux in Drake Passage
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 flux; mesoscale eddy; Southern Ocean; vertical mixing; nutrient
fluxes
ID SURFACE OCEAN PCO(2); SOUTHERN-OCEAN; IRON FERTILIZATION; CARBON SINK;
CHLOROPHYLL; EDDIES; NUTRIENTS; WATERS; MODELS; TEMPERATURE
AB We investigate the role of mesoscale eddies in modulating air-sea CO2 flux and associated biogeochemical fields in Drake Passage using in situ observations and an eddy-resolving numerical model. Both observations and model show a negative correlation between temperature and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) anomalies at the sea surface in austral summer, indicating that warm/cold anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies take up more/less CO2. In austral winter, in contrast, relationships are reversed: warm/cold anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies are characterized by a positive/negative pCO(2) anomaly and more/less CO2 outgassing. It is argued that DIC-driven effects on pCO(2) are greater than temperature effects in austral summer, leading to a negative correlation. In austral winter, however, the reverse is true. An eddy-centric analysis of the model solution reveals that nitrate and iron respond differently to the same vertical mixing: vertical mixing has a greater impact on iron because its normalized vertical gradient at the base of the surface mixed layer is an order of magnitude greater than that of nitrate.
C1 [Song, Hajoon; Marshall, John; Dutkiewicz, Stephanie] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Munro, David R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.; Hausmann, Ute] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Song, H (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM hajsong@mit.edu
FU NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced
Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center [SMD-15-5752]; NSF
MOBY project [OCE-1048926]; NSF [OCE-1259388, PLR-1341647, AOAS-0944761,
AOAS-066975, OCE-1048897]; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA12OAR4310058];
NASA [NNX13AE47G]
FX The authors thank Janet Sprintall and Teresa K. Chereskin (Scripps
Institution of Oceanography) for useful discussions and two anonymous
reviewers for their comments and suggestions. The MITgcm can be obtained
from http://mitgcm.org. The surface forcing data used in this study are
available at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory data portal
webpage (http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/core/COREv2.html).
Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS)
Division at Ames Research Center with the award SMD-15-5752. HS, SD and
JM were supported by the NSF MOBY project (OCE-1048926). SD also
gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF OCE-1259388. DM and CS were
supported by NSF (PLR-1341647, AOAS-0944761, and AOAS-066975) and the
NOAA Climate Program Office (NA12OAR4310058). DJM gratefully
acknowledges support by NSF (OCE-1048897) and NASA (NNX13AE47G). The
pCO2 data have been archived at CDIAC
(cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/VOS_Gould_Lines/).
NR 63
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 6635
EP 6649
DI 10.1002/2016JC011714
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA8TZ
UT WOS:000386913200005
ER
PT J
AU Lin, JF
Lee, ZP
Ondrusek, M
Du, KP
AF Lin, Junfang
Lee, Zhongping
Ondrusek, Michael
Du, Keping
TI Remote sensing of normalized diffuse attenuation coefficient of
downwelling irradiance
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE remote sensing; normalized; attenuation coefficient; ocean color
ID APPARENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DATA SET; WATERS; COLOR; OCEAN; ALGORITHMS;
SEAWIFS; MODEL; CLEAR; DEPENDENCE
AB The diffuse attenuation of downwelling irradiance, K-d (m(-1)), is an important property related to light penetration and availability in aquatic ecosystems. The standard K-d(490) product (the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm) of the global oceans from satellite remote sensing has been produced with an empirical algorithm, which limits its reliability and applicability in coastal regions. More importantly, as an apparent optical property (AOP), K-d is a function of the angular distribution of the light field (e.g., solar zenith angle). The empirically derived product thus contains ambiguities when compared with in situ measurements as there is no specification regarding the corresponding solar zenith angle associated with this K-d(490) product. To overcome these shortcomings, we refined the K-d product with a product termed as the normalized diffuse attenuation coefficient (nK(d), m(-1)), that is equivalent to the K-d in the absence of the atmosphere and with the sun at zenith. Models were developed to get nK(d) from both in situ measurements and ocean color remote sensing. Evaluations using field measurements indicated that the semianalytically derived nK(d) product will not only remove the ambiguities when comparing K-d values of different light fields but will also improve the quality of such a product, therefore maximizing the value offered by satellite ocean color remote sensing.
C1 [Lin, Junfang; Lee, Zhongping] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
[Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Du, Keping] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Lin, JF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
EM Junfang.Lin@umb.edu
FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Biology and
Biogeochemistry [NNX14AQ47A, NNX14AM15G]; Water and Energy Cycle
Programs [NNX14AK08G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project [DG133E-12-SE-1931]
FX This study was supported by the National Aeronautic and Space
Administration (NASA) Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (grant
NNX14AQ47A and NNX14AM15G), Water and Energy Cycle Programs
(NNX14AK08G), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Cal/Val Project (DG133E-12-SE-1931). We
thank SeaBASS and all the contributors of field measured data
(http://seabass.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 6717
EP 6730
DI 10.1002/2016JC011895
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA8TZ
UT WOS:000386913200009
ER
PT J
AU Pelland, NA
Eriksen, CC
Cronin, MF
AF Pelland, Noel A.
Eriksen, Charles C.
Cronin, Meghan F.
TI Seaglider surveys at Ocean Station Papa: Circulation and water mass
properties in a meander of the North Pacific Current
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Seaglider; Ocean Station Papa; Line P; North Pacific Current; Gulf of
Alaska; meander
ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; UNSTABLE ROSSBY WAVES; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC;
MIXED-LAYER; THERMOHALINE INTRUSIONS; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; INERTIAL
CURRENTS; SEASONAL CYCLE; SALT BALANCES; FRONTAL ZONE
AB A Seaglider autonomous underwater vehicle augmented the Ocean Station Papa (OSP; 50 degrees N, 145 degrees W) surface mooring, measuring spatial structure on scales relevant to the monthly evolution of the moored time series. During each of three missions from June 2008 to January 2010, a Seaglider made biweekly 50 km x 50 km surveys in a bowtie-shaped survey track. Horizontal temperature and salinity gradients measured by these surveys were an order of magnitude stronger than climatological values and sometimes of opposite sign. Geostrophically inferred circulation was corroborated by moored acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements and AVISO satellite altimetry estimates of surface currents, confirming that glider surveys accurately resolved monthly scale mesoscale spatial structure. In contrast to climatological North Pacific Current circulation, upper-ocean flow was modestly northward during the first half of the 18 month survey period, and weakly westward during its latter half, with Rossby number O(0.01). This change in circulation coincided with a shift from cool and fresh to warm, saline, oxygen-rich water in the upper-ocean halocline, and an increase in vertical fine structure there and in the lower pycnocline. The anomalous flow and abrupt water mass transition were due to the slow growth of an anticyclonic meander within the North Pacific Current with radius comparable to the scale of the survey pattern, originating to the southeast of OSP.
C1 [Pelland, Noel A.; Eriksen, Charles C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Pelland, Noel A.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Pelland, Noel A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Pelland, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Pelland, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Pelland, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM nap2@u.washington.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0628663, OCE-1129090]
FX Seaglider observations at OSP and analysis of these data were funded by
National Science Foundation grants OCE-0628663 and OCE-1129090. Thanks
to M. Alford, J. Klymak, and J. Mickett for their assistance with the
ADCP data used in this study. We also thank K. O'Donnell, J. Bennett, B.
Fredericks, S. Bushinsky, C. Stump, J. Keene, K. Ronnholm, P. A'Hearn,
R. Kamphaus, and the officers and crew of the CCGS John P. Tully and R/V
Thomas G. Thompson for their very capable help in field operations.
Thanks to S. Emerson, R. Hamme, C. Stump, S. Bushinsky, K. Giesbrecht,
and A. Lara for generously providing Line P oxygen measurements for
Seaglider calibration. N.A.P. acknowledges fruitful discussions at the
Line P and Station Papa science meetings over the years that have
greatly informed the analysis and interpretation of these results.
Constructive and thorough comments from H. Freeland and an anonymous
reviewer were also very helpful in improving the manuscript. The authors
thank M. Robert and the DFO Line P program for making the observations
in this study possible. Data used in this paper are available at the
source addresses listed in the text. This is Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory contribution number 4466.
NR 96
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 6816
EP 6846
DI 10.1002/2016JC011920
PG 31
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA8TZ
UT WOS:000386913200015
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, DX
Cronin, MF
Wen, CH
Xue, Y
Kumar, A
McClurg, D
AF Zhang, Dongxiao
Cronin, Meghan F.
Wen, Caihong
Xue, Yan
Kumar, Arun
McClurg, Dai
TI Assessing surface heat fluxes in atmospheric reanalyses with a decade of
data from the NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE air-sea interaction; surface heat flux; NOAA; Ocean Climate Stations;
buoy measurements; atmospheric reanalysis
ID AIR-SEA FLUXES; BULK AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TURBULENT
FLUXES; NCEP-NCAR; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; METEOROLOGY;
ATLANTIC
AB Previous studies have found large biases and uncertainties in the air-sea fluxes from Numerical Weather Prediction model reanalyses, which must be identified and reduced in order to make progress on weather and climate predictions. Here air-sea heat fluxes from NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) measurements are used to assess two new reanalyses, NCEP's Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and ECMWF Reanalysis-Interim (ERA-I), suggesting that these two new generation reanalyses have significantly improved. In both reanalyses, all four flux components (sensible and latent heat flux and net longwave and shortwave radiation) are highly correlated with observation, with the correlation of total net surface heat fluxes above 0.96. Although errors of the net surface heat flux have significantly reduced from previous reanalyses, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) and biases remain high especially for CFSR: the RMSEs of CFSR and ERA-I are reduced by 25-30% to 64 and 61 W/m(2), respectively, while biases are reduced by 40-60% to 28 and 20 W/m(2). But CFSR overestimates the winter heat release by 90 W/m(2). The main cause of biases is the latent heat flux, while RMS errors are primarily due to latent heat flux and shortwave radiation errors. Both reanalyses overestimate the wind speed associated with winter storms and underestimate specific humidity in summer. The ERA-I latent heat flux and its total net surface heat flux are however closer to observation. It is the bulk algorithm in CFSR that is found to be mainly responsible for overestimates of winter heat release in CFSR.
C1 [Zhang, Dongxiao; McClurg, Dai] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Wen, Caihong; Xue, Yan; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Wen, Caihong] Innovim, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM dzhang@uw.edu
FU Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce; Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA
[NA10OAR4320148, 2645]
FX The study was supported by the Climate Observation Division, Climate
Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
Department of Commerce. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were very
helpful to improve the manuscript. This work is partially funded by the
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2645. PMEL
contribution 4464. Data are available at
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/OCS/data/fluxdisdel/.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 6874
EP 6890
DI 10.1002/2016JC011905
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA8TZ
UT WOS:000386913200018
ER
PT J
AU Giese, BS
Seidel, HF
Compo, GP
Sardeshmukh, PD
AF Giese, Benjamin S.
Seidel, Howard F.
Compo, Gilbert P.
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
TI An ensemble of ocean reanalyses for 1815-2013 with sparse observational
input
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean reanalysis; climate
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; UPPER-AIR
DATA; DATA ASSIMILATION; 20TH-CENTURY REANALYSIS; CLIMATE MODELS;
PRESSURE DATA; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY
AB This paper describes a new eight-member ensemble of ocean reanalyses spanning nearly 200 years from 1815 to 2013 generated using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation system with sparse observational input (SODAsi) to explore long-term changes in the oceans. The eight ensemble members assimilate surface temperature observations and use surface boundary conditions from an atmospheric reanalysis that is loosely coupled to the ocean reanalysis. Both surface and subsurface quantities, such as dynamic height and heat content, show a broad spectrum of variability. Surface temperature trends from 1815 to 2013 are positive in most regions, with some important exceptions; the central Tropical Pacific, around Antarctica, and in the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio extension regions all show cooling trends. A near-global average shows warming of about 0.8 degrees C over the full period, with most of the warming occurring after 1920. There is pronounced multidecadal variability in both the midlatitude and tropical oceans. In the North Atlantic Ocean, temperature variability is highly correlated with the meridional overturning stream function, with the largest correlation occurring when the stream function is advanced by 9 years. Trends of upper ocean heat content and dynamic height from the 1950s onward compare well with previously published values. Globally averaged heat content of the upper 700 m shows a nearly linear rise after the 1920s, requiring a net downward surface heat flux increase of 0.47 W m(-2) into the ocean. This is close to published estimates of the increased flux required to explain the heat content increase from 1971 to 2010.
C1 [Giese, Benjamin S.; Seidel, Howard F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Giese, BS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM b-giese@tamu.edu
FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310201]; NSF [1049075]; Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX Support for B.S.G. and H.F.S. was provided by NOAA grant NA10OAR4310201
and NSF grant 1049075. We are grateful to Philip Brohan, who provided
the Hadley Centre bucket corrections, Jeff Whitaker, who worked to
develop the 20CR Ensemble Filter, and Chesley McColl, Xungang Yin, and
Nobuki Matsui, who prepared versions of the ISPD. The ISPD version 4
benefited from new contributions from previous contributors to the ACRE
initiative led by R. Allan of the UK Met Office, and from contributions
courtesy of L. Alexander of the University of New South Wales; P. Brohan
of the UK Met Office, K. Wood of JISAO, and the volunteers of
Oldweather.org; M. Benoy and volunteers of the Australian Meteorological
Association; A. Dawson of the University of Aberdeen; D. Efthmymiadis of
the Universitat Rovira I Virgili; A. Kaplan of the Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory; A. Kijazi of the Tanzania Meteorological Agency; R. Kocen
of the University of Bern; H. Maechel of the DWD; A. Moberg of Stockholm
University; R. Przybylak of Nicolaus Copernicus University; C. Pudmenzky
of the University of Southern Queensland and the volunteers of
WeatherDetective.org; C. Rakich of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology;
V. Slonosky and volunteers of the Canadian Volunteer Data Rescue
Project; and A. Tsikerdekis of the University of Giessen. The Twentieth
Century Reanalysis Project and the International Surface Pressure
Databank used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific
Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and of
the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and contract
DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. Support for the Twentieth Century
Reanalysis Project data set and the International Surface Pressure
Databank is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science
Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE
INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research
(BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Climate Program Office. The data used are available at
http://soda.tamu.edu.
NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 6891
EP 6910
DI 10.1002/2016JC012079
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA EA8TZ
UT WOS:000386913200019
ER
PT J
AU Nieukirk, SL
Fregosi, S
Mellinger, DK
Klinck, H
AF Nieukirk, Sharon L.
Fregosi, Selene
Mellinger, David K.
Klinck, Holger
TI A complex baleen whale call recorded in the Mariana Trench Marine
National Monument
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; TEMPORAL SEPARATION; NORTH
PACIFIC; BRYDES WHALES; SOUNDS; VOCALIZATIONS; MEXICO
AB In fall 2014 and spring 2015, passive acoustic data were collected via autonomous gliders east of Guam in an area that included the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument. A short (2-4 s), complex sound was recorded that features a similar to 38 Hz moan with both harmonics and amplitude modulation, followed by broad-frequency metallic-sounding sweeps up to 7.5 kHz. This sound was recorded regularly during both fall and spring surveys. Aurally, the sound is quite unusual and most resembles the minke whale "Star Wars" call. It is likely this sound is biological and produced by a baleen whale. (C) 2016 Acoustical Society of America
C1 [Nieukirk, Sharon L.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Klinck, Holger] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
RP Nieukirk, SL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM sharon.nieukirk@oregonstate.edu; selene.fregosi@oregonstate.edu;
david.mellinger@oregonstate.edu; holger.klinck@cornell.edu
FU Julie Rivers and Chip Johnson (Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet);
Robert Uyeyama (Naval Facilities Engineering Command); Michael Richlen
and Mark Deakos (HDR Inc) [N62470-10-D-3011, KB23, KB25]
FX The authors thank Julie Rivers and Chip Johnson (Commander of the U.S.
Pacific Fleet), Robert Uyeyama (Naval Facilities Engineering Command),
Michael Richlen and Mark Deakos (HDR Inc) for funding the MIRC glider
surveys (HDR Contract No. N62470-10-D-3011; Task Orders KB23 and KB25).
Thanks also to Jim Luby, Sean Lastuka, Geoff Shilling, and Myles
Lemaistre for their assistance with the data collection and glider
operation, and Jay Barlow for interesting discussions of J stock minke
whales. This is PMEL Contribution No. 4478.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
EI 1520-8524
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 140
IS 3
BP EL274
EP EL279
DI 10.1121/1.4962377
PG 6
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA EA9AO
UT WOS:000386932500010
PM 27914375
ER
PT J
AU Wiederhorn, SM
Rizzi, G
Wagner, S
Hoffmann, MJ
Fett, T
AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.
Rizzi, Gabriele
Wagner, Susanne
Hoffmann, Michael J.
Fett, Theo
TI Stress-Enhanced Swelling of Silica: Effect on Strength
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE glass; silica; stress; strength; strain
ID WATER PENETRATION; GLASS; DIFFUSION; SOLUBILITY; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY;
FIBERS
AB From the work of Le Chatelier [1884], it is well known that chemical reactions that exhibit a change in volume are sensitive to the ambient pressure of the reaction. Increasing the pressure will alter the ratio of reaction products to reactants. If the change in volume is constrained to occur at a surface, then such reactions can result in residual stresses that affect the strength of the solid. These effects are applicable to silica glass, which increases in volume when reacting with water. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of using this effect to strengthen silica glass. Using a modification of Le Chatelier's theory to handle applied stresses, we show that water penetration into the surface of silica glass can yield sufficient residual stress to increase the strength of silica glass into the GPa range. Applying these ideas to recent data published by Lezzi et al., we are able to attribute the strengthening they observe to a water/silica reaction under an applied tensile stress.
C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rizzi, Gabriele; Wagner, Susanne; Hoffmann, Michael J.; Fett, Theo] KIT, Inst Appl Mat, Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sheldon.wieder-horn@gmail.com
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 99
IS 9
BP 2956
EP 2963
DI 10.1111/jace.14300
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA EB2UL
UT WOS:000387218000014
ER
PT J
AU Moore, SE
AF Moore, Sue E.
TI Is it 'boom times' for baleen whales in the Pacific Arctic region?
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE baleen whales; Pacific Arctic; marine ecosystem
ID SEA-ICE COVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA; CHUKCHI SEA; IMPACTS;
CETACEANS; ECOSYSTEM; SUMMER; TRENDS
AB The marine ecosystem in the Pacific Arctic region has experienced dramatic transformation, most obvious by the loss of sea ice volume (75%), late summer areal extent (50%) and change in phenology (four to six weeks longer open-water period). This alteration has resulted in an opening of habitat for subarctic species of baleen whales, many of which are recovering in number from severe depletions from commercial whaling in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Specifically, humpback, fin and minke whales (Megaptera novaeangliae, Balaenoptera physalus and Balaenoptera acutorostrata) are now regularly reported during summer and autumn in the southern Chukchi Sea. These predators of zooplankton and forage fishes join the seasonally resident grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus) and the arctic-endemic bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) in the expanding open-ocean habitat of the Pacific Arctic. Questions arising include: (i) what changes in whale-prey production and delivery mechanisms have accompanied the loss of sea ice, and (ii) how are these five baleen whale species partitioning the expanding ice-free habitat? While there has been no programme of research specifically focused on these questions, an examination of seasonal occurrence, foraging plasticity and (for bowhead whales) body condition suggests that the current state of Pacific Arctic marine ecosystem may be 'boom times' for baleen whales. These favourable conditions may be moderated, however, by future shifts in ecosystem structure and/or negative impacts to cetaceans related to increased commercial activities in the region.
C1 [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Moore, SE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM sue.moore@noaa.gov
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 7
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
EI 1744-957X
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 9
AR 20160251
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0251
PG 4
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA EA5GF
UT WOS:000386646700030
ER
PT J
AU Renner, M
Salo, S
Eisner, LB
Ressler, PH
Ladd, C
Kuletz, KJ
Santora, JA
Piatt, JF
Drew, GS
Hunt, GL
AF Renner, Martin
Salo, Sigrid
Eisner, Lisa B.
Ressler, Patrick H.
Ladd, Carol
Kuletz, Kathy J.
Santora, Jarrod A.
Piatt, John F.
Drew, Gary S.
Hunt, George L., Jr.
TI Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the
southeast Bering Sea
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; sea ice; seabirds at sea; fisheries; zooplankton;
walleye pollock
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; WALLEYE POLLOCK; FUTURE
CLIMATE; EASTERN; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; SHELF
AB Timing of spring sea-ice retreat shapes the southeast Bering Sea food web. We compared summer seabird densities and average bathymetry depth distributions between years with early (typically warm) and late (typically cold) ice retreat. Averaged over all seabird species, densities in early-ice retreat-years were 10.1% (95% CI: 1.1-47.9%) of that in late-ice-retreat-years. In early-ice-retreat-years, surface-foraging species had increased numbers over the middle shelf (50-150 m) and reduced numbers over the shelf slope (200-500 m). Pursuit-diving seabirds showed a less clear trend. Euphausiids and the copepod Calanus marshallae/glacialis were 2.4 and 18.1 times less abundant in early-ice-retreat-years, respectively, whereas age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus near-surface densities were 51x higher in early-ice-retreat-years. Our results suggest a mechanistic understanding of how present and future changes in sea-ice-retreat timing may affect top predators like seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea.
C1 [Renner, Martin] Tern Again Consulting, 811 Ocean Dr Loop, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
[Salo, Sigrid; Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Eisner, Lisa B.; Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Piatt, John F.; Drew, Gary S.] US Geol Survey, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Renner, M (reprint author), Tern Again Consulting, 811 Ocean Dr Loop, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
EM ccc4f4b0@opayq.com
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project) [637, B64, 1408]; BOEM
[AK-10-10]
FX Funding for the analyses of these data was provided by a grant from the
North Pacific Research Board (NPRB project number-#637, B64, #1408) to
G.L.H., M.R., J.S., L.E. and K.J.K., and BOEM AK-10-10 to K.J.K., and
represents EcoFOCI contribution #EcoFoci-0865 and PMEL contribution
#4465. Support in kind was provided by the University of Washington, the
University of California, Santa Cruz, the NOAA Pacific Environmental
Laboratory, the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, the US Geological
Survey, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
EI 1744-957X
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 9
AR 20160276
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0276
PG 7
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA EA5GF
UT WOS:000386646700027
ER
PT J
AU Choo, KKR
Herman, M
Iorga, M
Martini, B
AF Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond
Herman, Martin
Iorga, Michaela
Martini, Ben
TI Cloud forensics: State-of-the-art and future directions
SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond; Martini, Ben] Univ South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
[Herman, Martin; Iorga, Michaela] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Choo, KKR (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
EM raymond.choo@fulbrightmail.org; martin.herman@nist.gov;
michaela.iorga@nist.gov; ben.martini@unisa.edu.au
RI Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond/A-3634-2009
OI Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond/0000-0001-9208-5336
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1742-2876
EI 1873-202X
J9 DIGIT INVEST
JI Digit. Investig.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 18
BP 77
EP 78
DI 10.1016/j.diin.2016.08.003
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA EA6VO
UT WOS:000386767300008
ER
PT J
AU Cione, JJ
Kalina, EA
Uhlhorn, EW
Farber, AM
Damiano, B
AF Cione, J. J.
Kalina, E. A.
Uhlhorn, E. W.
Farber, A. M.
Damiano, B.
TI Coyote unmanned aircraft system observations in Hurricane Edouard (2014)
SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE hurricane; boundary layer; unmanned aircraft; eyewall; air-sea
interaction
ID GPS DROPWINDSONDE
AB Horizontal wind, temperature, and moisture observations are presented from two Coyote unmanned aircraft system (UAS) flights in the boundary layer of Hurricane Edouard (2014). The first flight sampled the meteorological conditions in the eye and eyewall at altitudes from 900 to 1500m while Edouard was a major hurricane (105 kt) on 16 September 2014. The following day, a second Coyote sampled the inflow layer outside of the storm core at similar to 760m altitude, when Edouard had weakened to an 80-kt hurricane. These flights represent the first deployments of a UAS from an airborne manned aircraft into a tropical cyclone. Comparisons between the Coyote data and the Lockheed WP-3D Orion (WP-3D) flight-level measurements and analyses constructed from dropsonde data are also provided. On 16 September 2014, the Coyote-measured horizontal wind speeds agree, on average, to within similar to 1ms(-1) of the wind speeds observed by the WP-3D and reproduce the shape of the radial wind profile from the WP-3D measurements. For the inflow layer experiment on 17 September, the mean wind speeds from the Coyote and the dropsonde analysis differ by only 0.5ms(-1), while the Coyote captured increased variability (sigma=3.4ms(-1)) in the horizontal wind field compared to the dropsonde analysis (sigma=2.2ms(-1)). Thermodynamic data from the Coyote and dropsondes agree well for both flights, with average discrepancies of 0.4 degrees C and 0.0 degrees C for temperature and 0.7 degrees C and 1.3 degrees C for dew point temperature on 16 and 17 September, respectively
C1 [Cione, J. J.; Kalina, E. A.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Cione, J. J.; Kalina, E. A.] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Uhlhorn, E. W.] Phys Sci AIR Worldwide, Boston, MA USA.
[Farber, A. M.] Raytheon Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Damiano, B.] NOAA, Data & Dev Sect, Aircraft Operat Ctr, MacDill AFB, Tampa, FL USA.
RP Cione, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Cione, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM joe.cione@noaa.gov
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2333-5084
J9 EARTH SPACE SCI
JI Earth Space Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 3
IS 9
BP 370
EP 380
DI 10.1002/2016EA000187
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DZ3GN
UT WOS:000385733300003
ER
PT J
AU Newman, SJ
Williams, AJ
Wakefield, CB
Nicol, SJ
Taylor, BM
O'Malley, JM
AF Newman, Stephen J.
Williams, Ashley J.
Wakefield, Corey B.
Nicol, Simon J.
Taylor, Brett M.
O'Malley, Joseph M.
TI Review of the life history characteristics, ecology and fisheries for
deep-water tropical demersal fish in the Indo-Pacific region
SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE Lutjanidae; Epinephelidae; Lethrinidae; Vital statistics; Traits;
Mortality; Age; Growth; Reproduction
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA; GROUPER
HYPORTHODUS-OCTOFASCIATUS; SNAPPER PRISTIPOMOIDES-MULTIDENS; GENETIC
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LUTJANUS-ADETII CASTELNAU; L-QUINQUELINEATUS
BLOCH; RED EMPEROR SNAPPER; ETELINE SNAPPERS; AGE VALIDATION
AB Deep-water tropical fishes support locally significant commercial fisheries, high value recreational fisheries, and culturally and economically important artisanal and subsistence fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific region. The main species captured by these fisheries are deep-water snappers (Lutjanidae), groupers (Epinephelidae), and emperors (Lethrinidae). Quantitative assessments of deep-water tropical fisheries have been limited by a lack of adequate biological and fisheries data. We review the biology and ecology of deep-water tropical fishes, discuss the implications for assessment and management of tropical deep-water fisheries, and provide perspectives on future research priorities. We found that biological and fisheries information is lacking for the majority of deep-water tropical fishes. Furthermore, many studies were constrained by low samples sizes and the use of methods that have not been validated or verified. Most species for which reliable information was available were reported to have extended longevities (>20 years), low rates of natural mortality (M < 0.15), and slow to modest growth rates (K = 0.12-0.25). These life history traits indicate a low production potential for many deep-water tropical fishes, and suggest that sustainable exploitation rates and potential yields may be low. There is a need for more representative and adequate studies of deep-water tropical fishes and for improved fisheries data collection and the use of consistent methods in addition to information sharing to facilitate the development of robust data-poor assessment techniques for these species.
C1 [Newman, Stephen J.; Wakefield, Corey B.] Govt Western Australia, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, Dept Fisheries, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.
[Williams, Ashley J.; Nicol, Simon J.] Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Programme, BP D5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia.
[Williams, Ashley J.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Nicol, Simon J.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
[Taylor, Brett M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[O'Malley, Joseph M.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
RP Newman, SJ (reprint author), Govt Western Australia, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, Dept Fisheries, POB 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.
EM Stephen.Newman@fish.wa.gov.au
OI Taylor, Brett/0000-0002-4746-7228
NR 150
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0960-3166
EI 1573-5184
J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER
JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 3
BP 537
EP 562
DI 10.1007/s11160-016-9442-1
PG 26
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA EA3NA
UT WOS:000386508400013
ER
PT J
AU Steiger, A
Muller, R
Oliva, AR
Deng, YQ
Sun, Q
White, M
Lehman, J
AF Steiger, Andreas
Mueller, Ralf
Oliva, Alberto Remesal
Deng, Yuqiang
Sun, Qing
White, Malcolm
Lehman, John
TI Terahertz Laser Power Measurement Comparison
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Metrology; radiometry; terahertz (THz) detector; THz laser
ID RADIOMETRY; THZ
AB A comparison of terahertz (THz) laser power measurements was undertaken among three national metrology institutes. At two laser frequencies, 2.52 THz (119 mu m) and 0.762 THz (394 mu m), a power level of approximately 3 mW was compared at one place at one time by means of national standard THz detectors, which had been calibrated by each participant at their own metrology institute beforehand. The measurements took advantage of the power stability and Gaussian beam profile of the THz radiation source, consisting of a molecular gas laser pumped with a line-tunable CO2 laser at the THz detector calibration facility of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. A reference value was determined as weighted average of the measurement results with a maximum weight obtained from the arithmetic mean of the uncertainties stated by the participants. All measurement results agreed with the reference value and to each other within the stated expanded uncertainties.
C1 [Steiger, Andreas; Mueller, Ralf; Oliva, Alberto Remesal] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[Mueller, Ralf] Direct Photon Ind GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Deng, Yuqiang; Sun, Qing] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[White, Malcolm; Lehman, John] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Steiger, A (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
EM andreas.steiger@ptb.de; ralf@ralfi-mueller.de; remesal15@hotmail.com;
yqdeng@nim.ac.cn; sunqing@nim.ac.cn; malcolm.white@nist.gov;
john.lehman@nist.gov
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11274282, 61205099]; Basic
Research Foundation of NIM [23-AKY1160]; State Key Development Programme
for Basic Research (973) of China [2011CB706900]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China under Grant 11274282 and Grant 61205099, in part by
the Basic Research Foundation of NIM under Grant 23-AKY1160, and in part
by the State Key Development Programme for Basic Research (973) of China
under Grant 2011CB706900.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-342X
J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN
JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 5
BP 664
EP 669
DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2590260
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA DZ7QF
UT WOS:000386060200003
ER
PT J
AU Hannig, J
Iyer, H
Lai, RCS
Lee, TCM
AF Hannig, Jan
Iyer, Hari
Lai, Randy C. S.
Lee, Thomas C. M.
TI Generalized Fiducial Inference: A Review and New Results
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Review
DE Approximate Bayesian computations; Data-generating equation; Fiducial
inference; Jacobian calculation; Model selection; Uncertainty
quantification
ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; PROBABILISTIC INFERENCE;
INVERSE PROBABILITY; OBJECTIVE PRIORS; MODEL SELECTION; WEAK BELIEFS;
P-VALUES; DISTRIBUTIONS; INFORMATION
AB R. A. Fisher, the father of modern statistics, proposed the idea of fiducial inference during the first half of the 20th century. While his proposal led to interesting methods for quantifying uncertainty, other prominent statisticians of the time did-not accept Fisher's approach as it became apparent that some of Fisher's bold claims about the properties of fiducial distribution did not hold up for multi-parameter problems. Beginning around the year 2000, the authors, and collaborators started to reinvestigate the idea of fiducial inference and discovered that Fisher's approach, when properly generalized, would open doors to solve many important and difficult inference problems. They termed their generalization of Fisher's idea as generalized fiducial inference (GFI). The main idea of GFI is to carefully transfer randomness from the data to the parameter space using an inverse of a data-generating equation without the use of Bayes' theorem. The resulting generalized fiducial distribution (GFD) can then be used for inference. After more than a decade of investigations, the authors and collaborators :have developed a unifying theory for GFI, and provided GFI solutions to many challenging practical problems in different fields of science and industry. Overall, they have demonstrated that GFI is a valid, useful, and promising approach for conducting statistical inference. The goal,of this article is to deliver a timely and concise introduction to GFI, to present some of the latest results, as well as to list some related open research problems. It is authors ope that their contributions to GFI will stimulate the growth and usage of this exciting approach for statistical inference. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
C1 [Hannig, Jan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Iyer, Hari] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lai, Randy C. S.; Lee, Thomas C. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Lai, Randy C. S.] Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME USA.
RP Hannig, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM jan.hannig@unc.edu
FU National Science Foundation [1016441, 1633074, 1512893, 1209226,
1209232, 1512945]
FX Hannig was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Grant Nos. 1016441, 1633074, and 1512893. Lee was supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1209226, 1209232, and
1512945.
NR 107
TC 2
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U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA
SN 0162-1459
EI 1537-274X
J9 J AM STAT ASSOC
JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 111
IS 515
BP 1346
EP 1361
DI 10.1080/01621459.2016.1165102
PG 16
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA EA0ZN
UT WOS:000386318200038
ER
PT J
AU Manley, ME
Abernathy, DL
Sahul, R
Parshall, DE
Lynn, JW
Christianson, AD
Stonaha, PJ
Specht, ED
Budai, JD
AF Manley, Michael E.
Abernathy, Douglas L.
Sahul, Raffi
Parshall, Daniel E.
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Christianson, Andrew D.
Stonaha, Paul J.
Specht, Eliot D.
Budai, John D.
TI Giant electromechanical coupling of relaxor ferroelectrics controlled by
polar nanoregion vibrations
SO SCIENCE ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING;
LOCALIZATION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; ENERGY
AB Relaxor-based ferroelectrics are prized for their giant electromechanical coupling and have revolutionized sensor and ultrasound applications. A long-standing challenge for piezoelectric materials has been to understand how these ultrahigh electromechanical responses occur when the polar atomic displacements underlying the response are partially broken into polar nanoregions (PNRs) in relaxor-based ferroelectrics. Given the complex inhomogeneous nanostructure of these materials, it has generally been assumed that this enhanced response must involve complicated interactions. By using neutron scattering measurements of lattice dynamics and local structure, we show that the vibrational modes of the PNRs enable giant coupling by softening the underlying macrodomain polarization rotations in relaxor-based ferroelectric PMN-xPT {(1 - x)[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3] - xPbTiO(3)} (x = 30%). The mechanism involves the collective motion of the PNRs with transverse acoustic phonons and results in two hybrid modes, one softer and one stiffer than the bare acoustic phonon. The softer mode is the origin of macroscopic shear softening. Furthermore, a PNR mode and a component of the local structure align in an electric field; this further enhances shear softening, revealing a way to tune the ultrahigh piezoelectric response by engineering elastic shear softening.
C1 [Manley, Michael E.; Stonaha, Paul J.; Specht, Eliot D.; Budai, John D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Abernathy, Douglas L.; Christianson, Andrew D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Sahul, Raffi] TRS Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA.
[Parshall, Daniel E.; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sahul, Raffi] Meggitt Sensing Syst, Irvine, CA 92606 USA.
RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM manleyme@ornl.gov
RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012
OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X
NR 53
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U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 2375-2548
J9 SCI ADV
JI Sci. Adv.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 2
IS 9
AR e1501814
DI 10.1126/sciadv.1501814
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DW6CQ
UT WOS:000383734400005
ER
PT J
AU Yu, XN
Zhang, Y
Patel, A
Zahrai, A
Weber, M
AF Yu, Xining
Zhang, Yan
Patel, Ankit
Zahrai, Allen
Weber, Mark
TI An Implementation of Real-Time Phased Array Radar Fundamental Functions
on a DSP-Focused, High-Performance, Embedded Computing Platform
SO AEROSPACE
LA English
DT Article
DE phased array radar; embedded computing; serial RapidIO; MPAR
ID ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS; RAPIDIO; CORE
AB This paper investigates the feasibility of a backend design for real-time, multiple-channel processing digital phased array system, particularly for high-performance embedded computing platforms constructed of general purpose digital signal processors. First, we obtained the lab-scale backend performance benchmark from simulating beamforming, pulse compression, and Doppler filtering based on a Micro Telecom Computing Architecture (MTCA) chassis using the Serial RapidIO protocol in backplane communication. Next, a field-scale demonstrator of a multifunctional phased array radar is emulated by using the similar configuration. Interestingly, the performance of a barebones design is compared to that of emerging tools that systematically take advantage of parallelism and multicore capabilities, including the Open Computing Language.
C1 [Yu, Xining; Zhang, Yan; Patel, Ankit] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 3190 Monitor Ave, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Zahrai, Allen; Weber, Mark] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Yu, XN (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 3190 Monitor Ave, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM xining.yu@ou.edu; rockee@ou.edu; ankitp91@gmail.com;
allen.zahrai@noaa.gov; markw@ou.edu
FU NOAA-NSSL [NA11OAR4320072]
FX This research is supported by NOAA-NSSL through grant #NA11OAR4320072.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2226-4310
J9 AEROSPACE
JI Aerospace
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 3
IS 3
AR 28
DI 10.3390/aerospace3030028
PG 23
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA DZ0LQ
UT WOS:000385531300011
ER
PT J
AU Vetter, EP
Geng, LW
Ghatwai, P
Gilbert, DA
Jin, YM
Soffa, WA
Floro, JA
AF Vetter, Eric P.
Geng, Liwei
Ghatwai, Priya
Gilbert, Dustin A.
Jin, Yongmei
Soffa, William A.
Floro, Jerrold A.
TI Lengthscale effects on exchange coupling in Co-Pt L1(0)+L1(2)
nanochessboards
SO APL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID 1ST-ORDER REVERSAL CURVES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MEDIA; DIAGRAMS; ALLOYS;
ARRAYS; MEMORY
AB The Co-Pt nanochessboard is a quasi-periodic, nanocomposite tiling of L1(0) and L1(2) magnetic phases that offers a novel structure for the investigation of exchange coupling, relevant to permanent magnet applications. Periodicity of the tiling is controlled by the rate of cooling through the eutectoid isotherm, resulting in control over the L1(0)-L1(2) exchange coupling. First order reversal curve analysis reveals a transition from partial coupling to nearly complete exchange-coupling in a Co40.2Pt59.8 nanochessboard structured alloy as the periodicity is reduced below the critical correlation length. Micromagnetic simulations give insights into how exchange coupling manifests in the tiling, and its impact on microscopic magnetization reversal mechanisms. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
C1 [Vetter, Eric P.; Ghatwai, Priya; Soffa, William A.; Floro, Jerrold A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Geng, Liwei; Jin, Yongmei] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Gilbert, Dustin A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Floro, JA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
EM jaf9r@virginia.edu
OI Gilbert, Dustin/0000-0003-3747-3883
FU NSF [DMR-1105336, DMR-1409317]
FX Funding from the NSF under Grant Nos. DMR-1105336 (P.G., E.P.V., W.A.S.,
and J.A.F.) and DMR-1409317 (L.G. and Y.J.) is gratefully acknowledged.
Thanks to Richard Harrison for help with FORCinel and VARIFORC, and
Christine Leroux for useful discussion. The parallel computer
simulations were performed on XSEDE supercomputers.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 2166-532X
J9 APL MATER
JI APL Mater.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 4
IS 9
AR 096103
DI 10.1063/1.4962187
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA DZ0SV
UT WOS:000385550900016
ER
PT J
AU Schiller, A
Davidson, F
Digiacomo, PM
Wilmer-Becker, K
AF Schiller, Andreas
Davidson, Fraser
Digiacomo, Paul M.
Wilmer-Becker, Kirsten
TI Better Informed Marine Operations and Management Multidisciplinary
Efforts in Ocean Forecasting Research for Socioeconomic Benefit
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID GODAE OCEANVIEW; CHALLENGES; PREDICTION; FUTURE
C1 [Schiller, Andreas] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Davidson, Fraser] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF, Canada.
[Digiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA.
[Wilmer-Becker, Kirsten] UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
RP Schiller, A (reprint author), CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM andreas.schiller@csiro.au
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 97
IS 9
BP 1553
EP 1559
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00102.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ5PG
UT WOS:000385913400007
ER
PT J
AU Hoffman, RN
Atlas, R
AF Hoffman, Ross N.
Atlas, Robert
TI FUTURE OBSERVING SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC MOTION VECTORS; BIAS CORRECTION;
WEATHER; WIND; IMPLEMENTATION; RADIANCES; CLIMATE; IMPACT
AB As operational forecast and data assimilation (DA) systems evolve, observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) systems must evolve in parallel. Expected development of operational systems especially the use of data that are currently not used or are just beginning to be used, such as all-sky and surface-affected microwave radiances will greatly challenge our ability to construct realistic OSSE systems. An additional set of challenges will arise when future DA systems strongly couple the different Earth system components. In response, future OSSE systems will require coupled models to simulate nature and coupled observation simulators. The requirements for future evolving OSSE systems and potential solutions to satisfy these requirements are discussed. It is anticipated that in the future the OSSE technique will be applied to diverse and coupled domains with the use of increasingly advanced and sophisticated simulations of nature and observations.
C1 [Hoffman, Ross N.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Hoffman, Ross N.; Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Hoffman, RN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA.
EM ross.n.hoffman@noaa.gov
RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011
OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560
FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS);
Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR4320143]; CIMAS Contributions to OAR
Disaster Recovery Act Projects [NA14OAR4830103]
FX Contributions to this work, ranging from discussions to preparation of
figures, come from a number of colleagues and collaborators. The authors
thank all of their colleagues who have contributed to OSSEs, especially
M. Halem, E. Kalnay, E. Brin, J. Terry, J. C. Jusem, S. Boukabara, J.
Woollen, M. Matsutani, S. Casey, S. Murillo, B. Annane, L. Bucci, L.
Cucurull, H. Wang, T. Nehrkorn, S. M. Leidner, R. Gelaro, R. Errico, W.
Putnam, and N. Prive. This research was carried out in part under the
auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies
(CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Cooperative Agreement
NA10OAR4320143), with funding from Award NA14OAR4830103 ("CIMAS
Contributions to OAR Disaster Recovery Act Projects"). The authors thank
the manuscript reviewers for their thorough and careful reviews and
helpful suggestions and comments.
NR 54
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U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 97
IS 9
BP 1601
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00200.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ5PG
UT WOS:000385913400012
ER
PT J
AU Smith, TM
Lakshmanan, V
Stumpf, GJ
Ortega, KL
Hondl, K
Cooper, K
Calhoun, KM
Kingfield, DM
Manross, KL
Toomey, R
Brogden, J
AF Smith, Travis M.
Lakshmanan, Valliappa
Stumpf, Gregory J.
Ortega, Kiel L.
Hondl, Kurt
Cooper, Karen
Calhoun, Kristin M.
Kingfield, Darrel M.
Manross, Kevin L.
Toomey, Robert
Brogden, Jeff
TI MULTI-RADAR MULTI-SENSOR (MRMS) SEVERE WEATHER AND AVIATION PRODUCTS
Initial Operating Capabilities
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; UNITED-STATES; HAIL; SYSTEM
AB The Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, which was developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory and the University of Oklahoma, was made operational in 2014 at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The MRMS system consists of the Warning Decision Support System Integrated Information suite of severe weather and aviation products, and the quantitative precipitation estimation products created by the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation system. Products created by the MRMS system are at a spatial resolution of approximately 1 km, with 33 vertical levels, updating every 2 min over the conterminous United States and southern Canada. This paper describes the initial operating capabilities for the severe weather and aviation products, which include a three-dimensional mosaic of reflectivity; guidance for hail, tornado, and lightning hazards; and nowcasts of storm location, height, and intensity.
C1 [Smith, Travis M.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Stumpf, Gregory J.; Ortega, Kiel L.; Cooper, Karen; Calhoun, Kristin M.; Kingfield, Darrel M.; Toomey, Robert; Brogden, Jeff] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Smith, Travis M.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Ortega, Kiel L.; Hondl, Kurt; Cooper, Karen; Calhoun, Kristin M.; Kingfield, Darrel M.; Toomey, Robert; Brogden, Jeff] NOAA, OAR, NSSL, Norman, OK USA.
[Stumpf, Gregory J.] NOAA, NWS, MDL, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Manross, Kevin L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Manross, Kevin L.] NOAA, OAR, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, NSSL, WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM travis.smith@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]
FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. We wish to thank the
hundreds of people who have contributed to the success of this project,
including the NSSL information technology, management, and support
staff, and the Hazardous Weather Testbed test and evaluation
participants. We also wish to thank the editor and anonymous reviews for
their excellent comments, which improved the quality of this manuscript.
NR 56
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U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 97
IS 9
BP 1617
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00173.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ5PG
UT WOS:000385913400013
ER
PT J
AU Jung, T
Gordon, ND
Bauer, P
Bromwich, DH
Chevallier, M
Day, JJ
Dawson, J
Doblas-Reyes, F
Fairall, C
Goessling, HF
Holland, M
Inoue, J
Iversen, T
Klebe, S
Lemke, P
Losch, M
Makshtas, A
Mills, B
Nurmi, P
Perovich, D
Reid, P
Renfrew, IA
Smith, G
Svensson, G
Tolstykh, M
Yang, QH
AF Jung, Thomas
Gordon, Neil D.
Bauer, Peter
Bromwich, David H.
Chevallier, Matthieu
Day, Jonathan J.
Dawson, Jackie
Doblas-Reyes, Francisco
Fairall, Christopher
Goessling, Helge F.
Holland, Marika
Inoue, Jun
Iversen, Trond
Klebe, Stefanie
Lemke, Peter
Losch, Martin
Makshtas, Alexander
Mills, Brian
Nurmi, Pertti
Perovich, Donald
Reid, Philip
Renfrew, Ian A.
Smith, Gregory
Svensson, Gunilla
Tolstykh, Mikhail
Yang, Qinghua
TI ADVANCING POLAR PREDICTION CAPABILITIES ON DAILY TO SEASONAL TIME SCALES
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-ICE THICKNESS; CLIMATE MODELS; FORECASTING SYSTEM; ENSEMBLE;
WEATHER; PREDICTABILITY; IMPACT; SKILL; OCEAN; PERTURBATIONS
AB The polar regions have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, fueled by the perceptible impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Polar climate change provides new opportunities, such as shorter shipping routes between Europe and East Asia, but also new risks such as the potential for industrial accidents or emergencies in ice-covered seas. Here, it is argued that environmental prediction systems for the polar regions are less developed than elsewhere. There are many reasons for this situation, including the polar regions being (historically) lower priority, with fewer in situ observations, and with numerous local physical processes that are less well represented by models. By contrasting the relative importance of different physical processes in polar and lower latitudes, the need for a dedicated polar prediction effort is illustrated. Research priorities are identified that will help to advance environmental polar prediction capabilities. Examples include an improvement of the polar observing system; the use of coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean models, even for short-term prediction; and insight into polar-lower latitude linkages and their role for forecasting. Given the enormity of some of the challenges ahead, in a harsh and remote environment such as the polar regions, it is argued that rapid progress will only be possible with a coordinated international effort. More specifically, it is proposed to hold a Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) from mid-2017 to mid-2019 in which the international research and operational forecasting communites will work together with stakeholders in a period of intensive observing: modeling, prediction, verification, user engagement, and educational activities.
C1 [Jung, Thomas; Goessling, Helge F.; Klebe, Stefanie; Lemke, Peter; Losch, Martin] AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Jung, Thomas] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
[Gordon, Neil D.] Neil Gordon Consulting, Otaki, New Zealand.
[Bauer, Peter] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
[Bromwich, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Chevallier, Matthieu] CNRM, Toulouse, France.
[Day, Jonathan J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
[Dawson, Jackie] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] IC3, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
[Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] BSC, Barcelona, Spain.
[Fairall, Christopher] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA.
[Holland, Marika] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
[Inoue, Jun] NIPR, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
[Iversen, Trond] NMI, Oslo, Norway.
[Makshtas, Alexander] AARI, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Mills, Brian] Environm Canada, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
[Nurmi, Pertti] FMI, Helsinki, Finland.
[Perovich, Donald] CRREL, ERDC, Hanover, NH USA.
[Reid, Philip] Bur Meteorol, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Renfrew, Ian A.] Univ East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
[Smith, Gregory] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Svensson, Gunilla] Univ Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Tolstykh, Mikhail] INM RAS, Moscow, Russia.
[Tolstykh, Mikhail] Hydrometctr Russia, Moscow, Russia.
[Yang, Qinghua] NMEFC, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Jung, T (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bussestr 24, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
EM thomas.jung@awi.de
RI Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012;
OI Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Chevallier,
Matthieu/0000-0003-2033-166X
FU AWI
FX Mohamed Dahoui from ECMWF is acknowledged for providing Fig. 3. Soumia
Serrar contributed to producing Figs. 4 and 5. Gunnar Spreen and
Dimitris Menemenlis provided the original configuration for the 4-km
simulations with the MITgcm that formed the basis for Fig. 6.
Contributions to the PPP Trust Fund are acknowledged as well as AWI's
financial contribution to hosting the ICO.
NR 83
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 97
IS 9
BP 1631
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00246.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ5PG
UT WOS:000385913400014
ER
PT J
AU Kanter, DR
Zhang, X
Mauzerall, DL
Malyshev, S
Shevliakova, E
AF Kanter, David R.
Zhang, Xin
Mauzerall, Denise L.
Malyshev, Sergey
Shevliakova, Elena
TI The importance of climate change and nitrogen use efficiency for future
nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Letter
DE nitrous oxide; agriculture; CO2; fertilization; nitrogen use efficiency
ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; MODEL; CARBON; 21ST-CENTURY; MANAGEMENT; SCENARIOS;
CYCLE
AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance. Previous projections of agricultural N2O(the dominant anthropogenic source) show emissions changing in tandem, or at a faster rate than changes in nitrogen (N) consumption. However, recent studies suggest that the carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization effect may increase plant N uptake, which could decrease soil N losses and dampen increases in N2O. To evaluate this hypothesis at a global scale, we use a process-based land model with a coupled carbon-nitrogen cycle to examine how changes in climatic factors, land-use, and N application rates could affect agricultural N2O emissions by 2050. Assuming little improvement in N use efficiency (NUE), the model projects a 24%-31% increase in global agricultural N2O emissions by 2040-2050 depending on the climate scenario-a relatively moderate increase compared to the projected increases in N inputs (42%-44%) and previously published emissions projections (38%-75%). This occurs largely because the CO2 fertilization effect enhances plant N uptake in several regions, which subsequently dampens N2O emissions. And yet, improvements in NUE could still deliver important environmental benefits by 2050: equivalent to 10 PgCO(2) equivalent and 0.6 Tg ozone depletion potential.
C1 [Kanter, David R.] NYU, Dept Environm Studies, 285 Mercer St,9th Floor, New York, NY 10003 USA.
[Zhang, Xin] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 301 Braddock Rd, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA.
[Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, 445 Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E412 E Quad, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Shevliakova, Elena] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Grp, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Kanter, DR (reprint author), NYU, Dept Environm Studies, 285 Mercer St,9th Floor, New York, NY 10003 USA.
EM david.kanter@nyu.edu; mauzeral@princeton.edu
RI Zhang, Xin/K-8264-2016
OI Zhang, Xin/0000-0003-1619-1537
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 18
U2 18
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 9
AR 094003
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094003
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ5XW
UT WOS:000385936500001
ER
PT J
AU Huang, BY
L'Heureux, M
Hu, ZZ
Zhang, HM
AF Huang, Boyin
L'Heureux, Michelle
Hu, Zeng-Zhen
Zhang, Huai-Min
TI Ranking the strongest ENSO events while incorporating SST uncertainty
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE sea surface temperature; ENSO; ranking; uncertainty; El Nino; La Nina
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY;
CLIMATE; IMPACT
AB The strength of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is often measured using a single, discrete value of the Nino index. However, this method does not consider the sea surface temperature (SST) uncertainty associated with the observations and data processing. On the basis of the Nino3.4 index and its uncertainty, we find that the strength of the three strongest ENSO events is not separable at 95% confidence level. The monthly peak SST anomalies in the most recent 2015-2016 El Nino is tied with 1997-1998 and 1982-1983 El Nino as the strongest. The three most negative monthly Nino values occur within the 1955-1956, 1973-1974, and 1975-1976 La Nina events, which cannot be discriminated by rank. The histograms of 1000-member ensemble analysis support the conclusion that the strength of the three strongest ENSO events is not separable. These results highlight that the ENSO ranking has to include the SST uncertainty.
C1 [Huang, Boyin; Zhang, Huai-Min] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[L'Heureux, Michelle; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Huang, BY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov
RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 17
BP 9165
EP 9172
DI 10.1002/2016GL070888
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8CX
UT WOS:000385357200042
ER
PT J
AU Collins, JM
Klotzbach, PJ
Maue, RN
Roache, DR
Blake, ES
Paxton, CH
Mehta, CA
AF Collins, Jennifer M.
Klotzbach, Philip J.
Maue, Ryan N.
Roache, David R.
Blake, Eric S.
Paxton, Charles H.
Mehta, Christopher A.
TI The record-breaking 2015 hurricane season in the eastern North Pacific:
An analysis of environmental conditions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE hurricane; Madden-Julian Oscillation; El Nino-Southern Oscillation;
Pacific Meridional Mode
ID CLIMATE
AB The presence of a near-record El Nino and a positive Pacific Meridional Mode provided an extraordinarily warm background state that fueled the 2015 eastern North Pacific hurricane season to near-record levels. We find that the western portion of the eastern North Pacific, referred to as the Western Development Region (WDR; 10 degrees-20 degrees N, 116 degrees W-180 degrees), set records for named storms, hurricane days, and Accumulated Cyclone Energy in 2015. When analyzing large-scale environmental conditions, we show that record warm sea surface temperatures, high midlevel relative humidity, high low-level relative vorticity, and record low vertical wind shear were among the environmental forcing factors contributing to the observed tropical cyclone activity. We assess how intraseasonal atmospheric variability may have contributed to active and inactive periods observed during the 2015 hurricane season. We document that, historically, active seasons are associated with May-June El Nino conditions, potentially allowing for predictability of future active WDR seasons.
C1 [Collins, Jennifer M.; Roache, David R.; Mehta, Christopher A.] Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Klotzbach, Philip J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Maue, Ryan N.] Weatherbell Analyt LLC, New York, NY USA.
[Blake, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
[Paxton, Charles H.] Natl Weather Serv, Ruskin, FL USA.
RP Collins, JM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Geosci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
EM collinsjm@usf.edu
FU G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation
FX The second author would like to acknowledge support from the G. Unger
Vetlesen Foundation. We would like to acknowledge University of South
Florida graduate student Daniel Gessman for adding TC positions to the
MJO plot (Figure 5). Data specific to this paper are available at
http://weather-center.forest.usf.edu/faculty/
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 17
BP 9217
EP 9224
DI 10.1002/2016GL070597
PG 8
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8CX
UT WOS:000385357200048
ER
PT J
AU Tong, D
Pan, L
Chen, WW
Lamsal, L
Lee, P
Tang, YH
Kim, H
Kondragunta, S
Stajner, I
AF Tong, Daniel
Pan, Li
Chen, Weiwei
Lamsal, Lok
Lee, Pius
Tang, Youhua
Kim, Hyuncheol
Kondragunta, Shobha
Stajner, Ivanka
TI Impact of the 2008 Global Recession on air quality over the United
States: Implications for surface ozone levels from changes in NOx
emissions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE ozone; recession; NO2; air quality
ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; NORTH-AMERICA; SATELLITE; POLLUTION; MODEL; CAPABILITY;
SYSTEM; TRENDS; CITIES; SPACE
AB Satellite and ground observations detected large variability in nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the 2008 economic recession, but the impact of the recession on air quality has not been quantified. This study combines observed NOx trends and a regional chemical transport model to quantify the impact of the recession on surface ozone (O-3) levels over the continental United States. The impact is quantified by simulating O-3 concentrations under two emission scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) and recession. In the BAU case, the emission projection from the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule is used to estimate the would-be NOx emission level in 2011. In the recession case, the actual NO2 trends observed from Air Quality System ground monitors and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite are used to obtain realistic changes in NOx emissions. The model prediction with the recession effect agrees better with ground O-3 observations over time and space than the prediction with the BAU emission. The results show that the recession caused a 1-2ppbv decrease in surface O-3 concentration over the eastern United States, a slight increase (0.5-1ppbv) over the Rocky Mountain region, and mixed changes in the Pacific West. The gain in air quality benefits during the recession, however, could be quickly offset by the much slower emission reduction rate during the post-recession period.
C1 [Tong, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Tong, Daniel; Pan, Li; Tang, Youhua; Kim, Hyuncheol] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Tong, Daniel; Pan, Li; Chen, Weiwei; Lee, Pius; Tang, Youhua; Kim, Hyuncheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Lamsal, Lok] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Lamsal, Lok] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, College Pk, MD USA.
[Stajner, Ivanka] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol Integrat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Tong, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Tong, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Tong, D (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM daniel.tong@noaa.gov
RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Kim,
Hyun/G-1315-2012
OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Tong,
Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145
FU NOAA's US Weather Research Program (USWRP); Joint Polar Satellite System
(JPSS) Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Programs
FX This work has been financially supported by grants from the NOAA's US
Weather Research Program (USWRP) and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)
Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Programs. Modeling system development
was supported by the NOAA's National Air Quality Forecast Capability
program. The authors are grateful to Nina Randazzo for data analysis and
two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The scientific
results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed
herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view
of NOAA or the Department of Commerce.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 17
BP 9280
EP 9288
DI 10.1002/2016GL069885
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8CX
UT WOS:000385357200055
ER
PT J
AU Yu, PF
Murphy, DM
Portmann, RW
Toon, OB
Froyd, KD
Rollins, AW
Gao, RS
Rosenlof, KH
AF Yu, Pengfei
Murphy, Daniel M.
Portmann, Robert W.
Toon, Owen B.
Froyd, Karl D.
Rollins, Andrew W.
Gao, Ru-Shan
Rosenlof, Karen H.
TI Radiative forcing from anthropogenic sulfur and organic emissions
reaching the stratosphere
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE stratosphere; aerosols; radiative forcing; organics; sulfate
ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL SIMULATIONS;
UPPER TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL LAYER; BLACK CARBON; OZONE
AB Stratospheric aerosols cool the Earth by scattering sunlight. Although sulfuric acid dominates the stratospheric aerosol, this study finds that organic material in the lowermost stratosphere contributes 30-40% of the nonvolcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD). Simulations indicate that nonvolcanic sAOD has increased 77% since 1850. Stratospheric aerosol accounts for 21% of the total direct aerosol radiative forcing (which is negative) and 12% of the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) increase from organics and sulfate. There is a larger stratospheric influence on radiative forcing (i.e., 21%) relative to AOD (i.e., 12%) because an increase of tropospheric black carbon warms the planet while stratospheric aerosols (including black carbon) cool the planet. Radiative forcing from nonvolcanic stratospheric aerosol mass of anthropogenic origin, including organics, has not been widely considered as a significant influence on the climate system.
C1 [Yu, Pengfei; Murphy, Daniel M.; Portmann, Robert W.; Froyd, Karl D.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Gao, Ru-Shan; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Yu, Pengfei; Froyd, Karl D.; Rollins, Andrew W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Yu, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.; Yu, PF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM pengfei.yu@noaa.gov
RI Yu, Pengfei/S-4596-2016; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Murphy,
Daniel/J-4357-2012; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Yu, Pengfei/0000-0002-2774-1058; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270;
Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
FU National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S.
Department of Energy; NOAA's Climate Program Office; NASA [NNX14AR56G]
FX The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the
Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. NOAA and CIRES
authors of this study were supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office.
O.B.T. was supported by NASA grant NNX14AR56G. We thank John E. Barnes
for discussions on the NOAA/Mauna Loa Observatory lidar observations,
which are available at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/livedata/livedata.html, and Louisa
Emmons for providing emissions data sets of chemicals from 2000 to 2013.
We thank James C. Wilson providing aerosol data on AVE field campaigns.
We thank Luke Ziemba and Bruce Anderson for aerosol size distribution
data from SEAC4RS. The University of Wyoming data are
available at http://www-das.uwyo.edu/similar to
deshler/Data/Aer_Meas_Wy_read_me.htm. PALMS data are publicly available
from http://espoarchive.nasa.gov/. We appreciate comments from anonymous
reviews that improved the paper and thank David W. Fahey for helpful
discussions.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 17
BP 9361
EP 9367
DI 10.1002/2016GL070153
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DY8CX
UT WOS:000385357200064
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, DK
Liu, X
Larar, AM
Tian, JL
Smith, WL
Kizer, SH
Wu, W
Liu, QH
Goldberg, MD
AF Zhou, Daniel K.
Liu, Xu
Larar, Allen M.
Tian, Jialin
Smith, William L.
Kizer, Susan H.
Wu, Wan
Liu, Quanhua
Goldberg, Mitch D.
TI First Suomi NPP Cal/Val Campaign: Intercomparison of Satellite and
Aircraft Sounding Retrievals
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Atmospheric measurements; geophysical inverse problems; infrared
measurements; remote sensing
ID VALIDATION; EAQUATE; CLOUD
AB Satellite ultraspectral infrared sensors provide key data records essential for weather forecasting and climate change science. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite environmental data records (EDRs) are retrieved from calibrated ultraspectral radiance or sensor data records (SDRs). Understanding the accuracy of retrieved EDRs is critical. The first Suomi NPP Calibration/Validation Campaign was conducted during May 2013. The NASA high-altitude ER-2 aircraft carrying ultraspectral interferometer sounders such as the National Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) flew under the Suomi NPP satellite that carries the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) and the advanced technology microwave sounder (ATMS). Here, we intercompare the EDRs produced with different retrieval algorithms from SDRs measured from satellite and aircraft. The available dropsonde and radiosonde measurements together with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis are used to assess the results of this experiment. This study indicates that the CrIS/ATMS retrieval accuracy meets the Suomi NPP EDR requirement, except in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) where we have less confidence in meeting the requirement due to retrieval null-space error.
C1 [Zhou, Daniel K.; Liu, Xu; Larar, Allen M.; Tian, Jialin] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Smith, William L.; Kizer, Susan H.; Wu, Wan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Liu, Quanhua; Goldberg, Mitch D.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Zhou, DK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
EM daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov
FU NASA Headquarters; NASA Langley Research Center; NOAA NESDIS/JPSS
Program Office; NAST-I program
FX The authors greatly appreciate the contributions of NASA's Langley
Research Center and the U.K. Met Office. The authors would like to thank
NASA ER-2 aircraft pilots and crewmembers based at NASA's Armstrong
Flight Research Center for their dedication. The NAST-I program is
supported by NASA Headquarters, NASA Langley Research Center, and NOAA
NESDIS/JPSS Program Office. The authors would also like to thank Dr. A.
Gambacorta of NOAA NESDIS for useful discussion; and Dr. J. Kaye of
NASA's Science Mission Directorate for his continued, enabling support
of the NAST-I program.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 9
BP 4037
EP 4046
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2516765
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA DY6NW
UT WOS:000385245000005
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, K
Hartinger, MD
Malaspina, DM
Smith, CW
Koga, K
Singer, HJ
Fruhauff, D
Baishev, DG
Moiseev, AV
Yoshikawa, A
AF Takahashi, Kazue
Hartinger, Michael D.
Malaspina, David M.
Smith, Charles W.
Koga, Kiyokazu
Singer, Howard J.
Fruehauff, Dennis
Baishev, Dmitry G.
Moiseev, Alexey V.
Yoshikawa, Akimasa
TI Propagation of ULF waves from the upstream region to the midnight sector
of the inner magnetosphere
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pc3 waves; plasmasphere; midnight sector; upstream waves
ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE PI2 PULSATIONS; BOW SHOCK;
SOLAR-WIND; DAYSIDE MAGNETOSPHERE; PI-2 PULSATIONS; AMPTE CCE;
MAGNETOPAUSE; MODEL; MICROPULSATIONS
AB Ultralow frequency (ULF) waves generated in the ion foreshock are a well-known source of Pc3-Pc4 waves (7-100mHz) observed in the dayside magnetosphere. We use data acquired on 10 April 2013 by multiple spacecraft to demonstrate that ULF waves of upstream origin can propagate to the midnight sector of the inner magnetosphere. At 1130-1730 UT on the selected day, the two Van Allen Probes spacecraft and the geostationary ETS-VIII satellite detected compressional 20 to 40mHz magnetic field oscillations between L approximate to 4 and L approximate to 7 in the midnight sector, along with other spacecraft located closer to noon. Upstream origin of the oscillations is concluded from the wave frequency that matches a theoretical model, globally coherent amplitude modulation, and duskward propagation that is consistent with expected entry of the upstream wave energy through the dawnside flank under the observed interplanetary magnetic field. The oscillations are attributed to magnetohydrodynamic fast-mode waves based on their propagation velocity of approximate to 300km/s and the relationship between the electric and magnetic field perturbations. The magnitude of the azimuthal wave number is estimated to be approximate to 30. There is no evidence that the oscillations propagated to the ground in the midnight sector.
C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Hartinger, Michael D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Malaspina, David M.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Smith, Charles W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Smith, Charles W.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Koga, Kiyokazu] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Singer, Howard J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Fruehauff, Dennis] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Braunschweig, Germany.
[Baishev, Dmitry G.; Moiseev, Alexey V.] Russian Acad Sci, Yu G Shafer Inst Cosmophys Res & Aeron IKFIA, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia.
[Yoshikawa, Akimasa] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka, Japan.
[Yoshikawa, Akimasa] Kyushu Univ, Int Ctr Space Weather Sci & Educ, Fukuoka, Japan.
RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu
RI Hartinger, Michael/H-9088-2012
OI Hartinger, Michael/0000-0002-2643-2202
FU NASA [NNX13AE02G, NNX14AB97G]; NSF [AGS-1049403, AGS-1004814]; program
"JSPS Core-to-Core Program, B. Asia-Africa Science Platforms"; Russian
Foundation for Basic Research [15-45-05090, 15-45-05108]; MEXT/JSPS
KAKENHI [15H05815]
FX Work at JHU/APL was supported by NASA grants NNX13AE02G and NNX14AB97G.
M.D. Hartinger was supported by NSF AGS-1049403. Work at IKFIA Siberian
Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences was partially supported by program
"JSPS Core-to-Core Program, B. Asia-Africa Science Platforms" and the
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 15-45-05090 (MAV) and
15-45-05108 (BDG)). Work at Kyushu University was supported by MEXT/JSPS
KAKENHI grant 15H05815. Data used in this study can be obtained by
contacting the following sources: Van Allen Probes Science Operation
Centers located at University of Iowa (http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu)
and University of Minnesota
(http://www.space.umn.edu/missions/rbspefw-home-university-of-minnesota)
for RBSP; Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley
(http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu), for THEMIS, including the BENN and
PINE ground magnetometers; NOAA National Geophysical Data Center
(http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov) for GOES; Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency, Japan (contact: koga.kiyokazu@jaxa.jp), for ETS-VIII; USGS
(http://geomag.usgs.gov/products/downloads.php) for the Boulder
magnetometer; Space Environment Research Center, Kyushu University
(http://magdas.serc.kyushu-u.ac.jp), for the Zyryanka magnetometer; and
Kakioka Magnetic Observatory (http://www.kakioka-jma.go.jp) for the
Kakioka magnetometer. Peter Chi and NSF grant ATM-0245139 are
acknowledged for the use of the BENN magnetometer data. S. Mende, C.T.
Russell and NSF grant AGS-1004814 are acknowledged for the use of the
PINE magnetometer data.
NR 67
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 9
BP 8428
EP 8447
DI 10.1002/2016JA022958
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DZ4QM
UT WOS:000385844000019
ER
PT J
AU Assael, MJ
Koutian, A
Huber, ML
Perkins, RA
AF Assael, M. J.
Koutian, A.
Huber, M. L.
Perkins, R. A.
TI Reference Correlations of the Thermal Conductivity of Ethene and Propene
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE critical phenomena; ethene; ethylene; propene; propylene; reference
correlations; thermal conductivity; transport properties
ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
GASEOUS-MIXTURES; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; BINARY-MIXTURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
ETHYLENE; FLUIDS; VISCOSITY
AB New, wide-range reference equations for the thermal conductivity of ethene and propene as a function of temperature and density are presented. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. For ethene, we estimate the uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) for the thermal conductivity from 110 to 520 K at pressures up to 200 MPa to be 5% for the compressed liquid and supercritical phases. For the low-pressure gas phase (to 0.1 MPa) over the temperature range 270-680 K, the estimated uncertainty is 4%. The correlation is valid from 110 to 680 K and up to 200 MPa, but it behaves in a physically reasonable manner down to the triple point and may be used at pressures up to 300 MPa, although the uncertainty will be larger in regions where experimental data were unavailable. In the case of propene, data are much more limited. We estimate the uncertainty for the thermal conductivity of propene from 180 to 625 K at pressures up to 50 MPa to be 5% for the gas, liquid, and supercritical phases. The correlation is valid from 180 to 625 K and up to 50 MPa, but it behaves in a physically reasonable manner down to the triple point and may be used at pressures up to 100 MPa, although the uncertainty will be larger in regions where experimental data were unavailable. For both fluids, uncertainties in the critical region are much larger, since the thermal conductivity approaches infinity at the critical point and is very sensitive to small changes in density. (C) 2016 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.
C1 [Assael, M. J.; Koutian, A.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
[Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
EM assael@auth.gr
NR 61
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
EI 1529-7845
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 45
IS 3
AR 033104
DI 10.1063/1.4958984
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA DZ0ZJ
UT WOS:000385567900004
ER
PT J
AU Lan, YC
Li, JY
Wong-Ng, W
Derbeshi, RM
Li, J
Lisfi, A
AF Lan, Yucheng
Li, Jianye
Wong-Ng, Winnie
Derbeshi, Rola M.
Li, Jiang
Lisfi, Abdellah
TI Free-Standing Self-Assemblies of Gallium Nitride Nanoparticles: A Review
SO MICROMACHINES
LA English
DT Review
DE self-assembly; nanoparticles; Gallium nitride (GaN); renewable energy;
review
ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN NANOWIRE ARRAYS;
MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GAN; N-TYPE GAN; P-TYPE GAN;
QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; AMMONOTHERMAL METHOD
AB Gallium nitride (GaN) is an III-V semiconductor with a direct band-gap of 3.4 eV. GaN has important potentials in white light-emitting diodes, blue lasers, and field effect transistors because of its super thermal stability and excellent optical properties, playing main roles in future lighting to reduce energy cost and sensors to resist radiations. GaN nanomaterials inherit bulk properties of the compound while possess novel photoelectric properties of nanomaterials. The review focuses on self-assemblies of GaN nanoparticles without templates, growth mechanisms of self-assemblies, and potential applications of the assembled nanostructures on renewable energy.
C1 [Lan, Yucheng; Derbeshi, Rola M.; Lisfi, Abdellah] Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA.
[Li, Jianye] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Sci Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, Jiang] Morgan State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA.
RP Lan, YC (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA.
EM yucheng.lan@morgan.edu; jianyeli@hotmail.com; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov;
roder1@morgan.edu; Jiang.li@morgan.edu; Abdellah.Lisfi@morgan.edu
OI Lisfi, Abdellah/0000-0001-8289-9707
FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA122221]; US Department of Energy
[DE-NA0000720]
FX The author Yucheng Lan acknowledges the financial support by the Defense
Threat Reduction Agency under Grant HDTRA122221, the support from US
Department of Energy under the Contract DE-NA0000720 through the program
of S. P. Massie Chair of Excellence.
NR 142
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 25
U2 25
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-666X
J9 MICROMACHINES-BASEL
JI Micromachines
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 7
IS 9
AR 121
DI 10.3390/mi7090121
PG 22
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA DY9VK
UT WOS:000385483000001
ER
PT J
AU Bhattacharya, A
Skinner, B
Khalsa, G
Suslov, AV
AF Bhattacharya, Anand
Skinner, Brian
Khalsa, Guru
Suslov, Alexey V.
TI Spatially inhomogeneous electron state deep in the extreme quantum limit
of strontium titanate
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-INDUCED LOCALIZATION; STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELD;
METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; WIGNER TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITION;
GROUND-STATE; DOPED SRTIO3; GAS; INSB; MAGNETORESISTANCE
AB When an electronic system is subjected to a sufficiently strong magnetic field that the cyclotron energy is much larger than the Fermi energy, the system enters the extreme quantum limit (EQL) and becomes susceptible to a number of instabilities. Bringing a three-dimensional electronic system deeply into the EQL can be difficult however, since it requires a small Fermi energy, large magnetic field, and low disorder. Here we present an experimental study of the EQL in lightly-doped single crystals of strontium titanate. Our experiments probe deeply into the regime where theory has long predicted an interaction-driven charge density wave or Wigner crystal state. A number of interesting features arise in the transport in this regime, including a striking re-entrant nonlinearity in the current-voltage characteristics. We discuss these features in the context of possible correlated electron states, and present an alternative picture based on magnetic-field induced puddling of electrons.
C1 [Bhattacharya, Anand; Skinner, Brian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Skinner, Brian] MIT, 77 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Khalsa, Guru] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Suslov, Alexey V.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
[Khalsa, Guru] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 126 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Bhattacharya, A; Skinner, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Skinner, B (reprint author), MIT, 77 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM anand@anl.gov; skinner1@mit.edu
RI Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011; Suslov, Alexey/M-7511-2014
OI Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860; Suslov,
Alexey/0000-0002-2224-153X
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy
Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. DOE,
BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; MIT Center for Excitonics, an Energy Frontier
Research Center - U.S. DOE, Office of Science, BES [DE-SC0001088]; NSF
[DMR-1157490]; State of Florida
FX Initial measurements of quantum oscillations in reduced STO samples were
carried out at the NHMFL in Los Alamos by A.B. with J. Singleton and F.
Balakirev. We are grateful to C. Leighton, P.B. Littlewood, A.
Lopez-Bezanilla, B.I. Shklovskii and K.V. Reich for helpful discussions.
A.B. acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division. The use of facilities at the Center for Nanoscale
Materials, was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES under contract no.
DE-AC02-06CH11357. Theory work by BS was initially supported at Argonne
National Laboratory by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357; subsequent theory work was
supported as part of the MIT Center for Excitonics, an Energy Frontier
Research Center funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, BES under
Award no. DE-SC0001088. The NHMFL is supported by the NSF Cooperative
agreement no. DMR-1157490 and the State of Florida.
NR 66
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 12
U2 12
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 7
AR 12974
DI 10.1038/ncomms12974
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DY8OB
UT WOS:000385388600001
PM 27680386
ER
PT J
AU Liu, M
Chen, LJ
Lewis, S
Chong, SY
Little, MA
Hasell, T
Aldous, IM
Brown, CM
Smith, MW
Morrison, CA
Hardwick, LJ
Cooper, AI
AF Liu, Ming
Chen, Linjiang
Lewis, Scott
Chong, Samantha Y.
Little, Marc A.
Hasell, Tom
Aldous, Iain M.
Brown, Craig M.
Smith, Martin W.
Morrison, Carole A.
Hardwick, Laurence J.
Cooper, Andrew I.
TI Three-dimensional protonic conductivity in porous organic cage solids
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; WATER; FRAMEWORK;
TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SIMULATIONS
AB Proton conduction is a fundamental process in biology and in devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To maximize proton conduction, three-dimensional conduction pathways are preferred over one-dimensional pathways, which prevent conduction in two dimensions. Many crystalline porous solids to date show one-dimensional proton conduction. Here we report porous molecular cages with proton conductivities (up to 10(-3) S cm(-1) at high relative humidity) that compete with extended metal-organic frameworks. The structure of the organic cage imposes a conduction pathway that is necessarily three-dimensional. The cage molecules also promote proton transfer by confining the water molecules while being sufficiently flexible to allow hydrogen bond reorganization. The proton conduction is explained at the molecular level through a combination of proton conductivity measurements, crystallography, molecular simulations and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. These results provide a starting point for high-temperature, anhydrous proton conductors through inclusion of guests other than water in the cage pores.
C1 [Liu, Ming; Chen, Linjiang; Lewis, Scott; Chong, Samantha Y.; Little, Marc A.; Hasell, Tom; Aldous, Iain M.; Hardwick, Laurence J.; Cooper, Andrew I.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England.
[Liu, Ming; Chen, Linjiang; Lewis, Scott; Chong, Samantha Y.; Little, Marc A.; Hasell, Tom; Aldous, Iain M.; Hardwick, Laurence J.; Cooper, Andrew I.] Univ Liverpool, Ctr Mat Discovery, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England.
[Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Smith, Martin W.] Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England.
[Morrison, Carole A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Kings Bldg,David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
RP Hardwick, LJ; Cooper, AI (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Chem, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England.; Hardwick, LJ; Cooper, AI (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Ctr Mat Discovery, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, Merseyside, England.
EM hardwick@liverpool.ac.uk; aicooper@liverpool.ac.uk
RI Smith, Martin/I-6571-2015; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Hasell,
Tom/G-3588-2011; Chong, Samantha/B-4031-2009
OI Smith, Martin/0000-0002-6699-5122; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355;
Hasell, Tom/0000-0003-4736-0604; Chong, Samantha/0000-0002-3095-875X
FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H000925/1,
EP/K018132/1, EP/N004884/1]; European Research Council under the
European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ERC [321156]; National
Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]; NIST Center for Neutron Research
(NCNR)
FX We gratefully acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council (EP/H000925/1, EP/K018132/1 and EP/N004884/1) and European
Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework
Programme/ERC Grant Agreement No. [321156] for financial support. We
thank Rob Clowes for assistance with sorption measurements. We thank
Becky Greenaway, Stephen Moss and the MicroBioRefinery for assistance
with QTOF-MS measurements. We thank Diamond Light Source for access to
beamline I19 (MT8728) that contributed to the results presented here.
Neutron scattering measurements were performed within the Center for
High-Resolution Neutron Scattering (CHRNS) that is jointly funded by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement Number DMR-1508249, and by
the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). We acknowledge
computational support from the UK national high-performance computing
service, ARCHER, for which access was obtained via the UK's HEC
Materials Chemistry Consortium (EP/L000202) and the UKCP consortium
(EP/K013564/1).
NR 57
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 70
U2 70
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 7
AR 12750
DI 10.1038/ncomms12750
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DY8ET
UT WOS:000385362300001
PM 27619230
ER
PT J
AU Park, SY
Do, SH
Choi, KY
Kang, JH
Jang, DJ
Schmidt, B
Brando, M
Kim, BH
Kim, DH
Butch, NP
Lee, S
Park, JH
Ji, S
AF Park, Sang-Youn
Do, S. -H.
Choi, K. -Y.
Kang, J. -H.
Jang, Dongjin
Schmidt, B.
Brando, Manuel
Kim, B. -H.
Kim, D. -H.
Butch, N. P.
Lee, Seongsu
Park, J. -H.
Ji, Sungdae
TI Spin-orbit coupled molecular quantum magnetism realized in inorganic
solid
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; CLUSTER; DIMERS; IONS
AB Molecular quantum magnetism involving an isolated spin state is of particular interest due to the characteristic quantum phenomena underlying spin qubits or molecular spintronics for quantum information devices, as demonstrated in magnetic metal-organic molecular systems, the so-called molecular magnets. Here we report the molecular quantum magnetism realized in an inorganic solid Ba3Yb2Zn5O11 with spin-orbit coupled pseudospin-1/2 Yb3+ ions. The magnetization represents the magnetic quantum values of an isolated Yb-4 tetrahedron with a total (pseudo) spin 0, 1 and 2. Inelastic neutron scattering results reveal that a large Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction originating from strong spin-orbit coupling of Yb 4f is a key ingredient to explain magnetic excitations of the molecular magnet states. The Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction allows a non-adiabatic quantum transition between avoided crossing energy levels, and also results in unexpected magnetic behaviours in conventional molecular magnets.
C1 [Park, Sang-Youn; Do, S. -H.; Kim, D. -H.; Park, J. -H.; Ji, Sungdae] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Max Planck POSTECH Ctr Complex Phase Mat, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
[Do, S. -H.; Choi, K. -Y.] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 06911, South Korea.
[Kang, J. -H.; Jang, Dongjin; Schmidt, B.; Brando, Manuel] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solid, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
[Kim, B. -H.] RIKEN, iTHES Res Grp, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Kim, B. -H.] RIKEN, Computat Condensed Matter Phys Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
[Kim, D. -H.; Park, J. -H.; Ji, Sungdae] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
[Butch, N. P.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Seongsu] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, HANARO, Daejeon 34057, South Korea.
[Park, J. -H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Adv Mat Sci, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
RP Park, JH; Ji, S (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Max Planck POSTECH Ctr Complex Phase Mat, Pohang 37673, South Korea.; Park, JH; Ji, S (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 37673, South Korea.; Park, JH (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Adv Mat Sci, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
EM jhp@postech.ac.kr; sungdae@postech.ac.kr
RI Jang, Dongjin/A-8148-2016; Brando, Manuel/B-4234-2009; Schmidt,
Burkhard/M-3457-2015
OI Jang, Dongjin/0000-0003-3875-7802;
FU National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Ministry of Science, ICP
& Future Planning (MSIP) [2016K1A4A4A01922028]; RIKEN iTHES Project;
Korea Research Foundation grant - Korea government (MEST)
[2009-0076079]; NRF [NRF-2012M2A2A6002461]
FX We became aware of the experimental works by Rau et al.37 and
Haku et al.38 after we have submitted this paper. They also
obtained the consistent results with ours using INS without an external
magnetic field and the same model Hamiltonian. In our work, we have
advanced by showing that the DM interaction associated with the avoided
energy level crossing plays a crucial role for unconventional quantum
magnetic behaviours such as a hysteresis and paramagnetic response in
magnetization, which is confirmed by INS with an external magnetic
field. We are grateful to K.-B. Lee and K.-S. Park for enlightning
discussions. This work is supported by the National Research Foundation
(NRF) through the Ministry of Science, ICP & Future Planning (MSIP) (No.
2016K1A4A4A01922028). B.H.K. is supported by the RIKEN iTHES Project.
S.-H.D. and K.-Y.C. are supported by the Korea Research Foundation grant
(No. 2009-0076079) funded by the Korea government (MEST). S.L. is
supported by the NRF under the contract NRF-2012M2A2A6002461.
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 7
AR 12912
DI 10.1038/ncomms12912
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DY7CG
UT WOS:000385286300005
PM 27650796
ER
PT J
AU Nazare, S
Pitts, WM
Shields, J
Davis, R
AF Nazare, Shonali
Pitts, William M.
Shields, John
Davis, Rick
TI Factors for Consideration in an Open-Flame Test for Assessing Fire
Blocking Performance of Barrier Fabrics
SO POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
DE residential upholstered furniture; barrier fabrics; flammability;
thermal protective performance; thermal degradation; flaming ignition;
flexible polyurethane foam
ID UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE; ENVIRONMENT; RETARDANTS
AB The main objective of the work reported here is to assess factors that could affect the outcome of a proposed open flame test for barrier fabrics (BF-open flame test). The BF-open flame test characterizes barrier effectiveness by monitoring the ignition of a flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) layer placed in contact with the upper side of the barrier fabric, exposed to a burner flame from below. Particular attention is given to the factors that influence the ignitibility of the FPUF, including thermal resistance, permeability, and structural integrity of the barrier fabrics (BFs). A number of barrier fabrics, displaying a wide range of the properties, are tested with the BF-open flame test. Visual observations of the FPUF burning behavior and BF char patterns, in addition to heat flux measurements on the unexposed side of the barrier fabrics, are used to assess the protective performance of the BF specimen under the open flame test conditions. The temperature and heat transfer measurements on the unexposed side of the BF and subsequent ranking of BFs for their thermal protective performance suggest that the BF-open flame test does not differentiate barrier fabrics based on their heat transfer properties. A similar conclusion is reached with regard to BF permeability characterized at room temperature. However, the outcome of this BF-open flame test is found to be heavily influenced by the structural integrity of thermally degraded BF. The BF-open flame test, in its current form, only ignited FPUF when structural failure of the barrier was observed.
C1 [Nazare, Shonali; Pitts, William M.; Shields, John; Davis, Rick] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nazare, S (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Shonali.nazare@nist.gov; william.pitts@nist.gov; John.shields@nist.gov;
Rick.Davis@nist.gov
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4360
J9 POLYMERS-BASEL
JI Polymers
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 9
AR 342
DI 10.3390/polym8090342
PG 18
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA DZ0MI
UT WOS:000385533500031
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, AW
Halter, M
Plant, AL
Elliott, JT
AF Peterson, Alexander W.
Halter, Michael
Plant, Anne L.
Elliott, John T.
TI Surface plasmon resonance microscopy: Achieving a quantitative optical
response
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME; CELLS; DNA; CONSTANTS; KINETICS; PROTEIN; LIGHT
AB Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging allows real-time label-free imaging based on index of refraction and changes in index of refraction at an interface. Optical parameter analysis is achieved by application of the Fresnel model to SPR data typically taken by an instrument in a prism based figuration. We carry out SPR imaging on a microscope by launching light into a sample and collecting reflected light through a high numerical aperture microscope objective. The SPR microscope enables spatial resolution that approaches the diffraction limit and has a dynamic range that allows detection of subnanometer to submicrometer changes in thickness of biological material at a surface. However, unambiguous quantitative interpretation of SPR changes using the microscope system could not be achieved using the Fresnel model because of polarization dependent attenuation and optical aberration that occurs in the high numerical aperture objective. To overcome this problem, we demonstrate a model to correct for polarization diattenuation and optical aberrations in the SPR data and develop a procedure to calibrate reflectivity to index of refraction values. The calibration and correction strategy for quantitative analysis was validated by comparing the known indices of refraction of bulk materials with corrected SPR data interpreted with the Fresnel model. Subsequently, we applied our SPR microscopy method to evaluate the index of refraction for a series of polymer microspheres in aqueous media and validated the quality of the measurement with quantitative phase microscopy.
C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Plant, Anne L.; Elliott, John T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Peterson, AW (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alexander.peterson@nist.gov
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 14
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 87
IS 9
AR 093703
DI 10.1063/1.4962034
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DZ1XF
UT WOS:000385634500030
PM 27782542
ER
PT J
AU Grossman, EN
Gould, M
Mujica-Schwann, NP
AF Grossman, E. N.
Gould, M.
Mujica-Schwann, N. P.
TI Robust evaluation of statistical surface topography parameters using
focus-variation microscopy
SO SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY-METROLOGY AND PROPERTIES
LA English
DT Article
DE roughness; autocorrelation length; focus-variation microscopy
ID NOISE
AB Spatial bandwidth limitations frequently introduce large biases into the estimated values of rms roughness and autocorrelation length that are extracted from topography data on random rough surfaces. The biases can be particularly severe for focus-variation microscopy data because of the reduced lateral resolution (and therefore dynamic range) inherent in the technique. In this paper, we describe a measurement protocol-something similar to a deconvolution algorithm-that greatly reduces these biases. The measurement protocol is developed for the case of surfaces that are isotropic, and whose topography displays an autocovariance function that is exponential, with a single autocorrelation length. The protocol is first validated against Monte Carlo-generated mock surfaces of this form that have been filtered so as to simulate the lateral resolution and field-of-view limits of a particular commercial focus-variation microscope. It is found that accurate values of roughness and autocorrelation length can be extracted over a four octave range in autocorrelation length by applying the protocol, whereas errors without applying the protocol are a minimum of 30% even at the absolute optimum autocorrelation length. Then, microscopy data on eleven examples of rough, outdoor building materials are analyzed using the protocol. Even though the samples were not in any way selected to conform to the model's assumptions, we find that applying the protocol yields extracted values of roughness and autocorrelation length for each surface that are highly consistent among datasets obtained at different magnifications (i.e. datasets obtained with different spatial bandpass limits).
C1 [Grossman, E. N.; Mujica-Schwann, N. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Gould, M.] Zen Machine & Sci Instruments, Lyons, CO USA.
[Mujica-Schwann, N. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM erich.grossman@nist.gov
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2051-672X
J9 SURF TOPOGR-METROL
JI Surf. Topogr.-Metrol. Prop.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 4
IS 3
AR 035003
DI 10.1088/2051-672X/4/3/035003
PG 19
WC Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Instruments & Instrumentation
GA DY8XV
UT WOS:000385416600002
ER
PT J
AU Wunderlich, A
Goossens, B
Abbey, CK
AF Wunderlich, Adam
Goossens, Bart
Abbey, Craig K.
TI Optimal Joint Detection and Estimation That Maximizes ROC-Type Curves
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
LA English
DT Article
DE Ideal observer; receiver operating characteristic; signal detection
theory; expected utility theory
ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; OF-THE-ART; DETECTION-LOCALIZATION;
OBSERVER-PERFORMANCE; IDEAL OBSERVERS; OPTIMIZATION; BIOMARKERS;
STENOSIS; SIGNALS; LESIONS
AB Combined detection-estimation tasks are frequently encountered in medical imaging. Optimal methods for joint detection and estimation are of interest because they provide upper bounds on observer performance, and can potentially be utilized for imaging system optimization, evaluation of observer efficiency, and development of image formation algorithms. We present a unified Bayesian framework for decision rules that maximize receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-type summary curves, including ROC, localization ROC (LROC), estimation ROC (EROC), free-response ROC (FROC), alternative free-response ROC (AFROC), and exponentially-transformed FROC (EFROC) curves, succinctly summarizing previous results. The approach relies on an interpretation of ROC-type summary curves as plots of an expected utility versus an expected disutility (or penalty) for signal-present decisions. We propose a general utility structure that is flexible enough to encompass many ROC variants and yet sufficiently constrained to allow derivation of a linear expected utility equation that is similar to that for simple binary detection. We illustrate our theory with an example comparing decision strategies for joint detection-estimation of a known signal with unknown amplitude. In addition, building on insights from our utility framework, we propose new ROC-type summary curves and associated optimal decision rules for joint detection-estimation tasks with an unknown, potentially-multiple, number of signals in each observation.
C1 [Wunderlich, Adam] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Wunderlich, Adam] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Goossens, Bart] Univ Ghent, Dept Telecommun & Informat Proc, TELIN IPI iMinds, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Abbey, Craig K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Wunderlich, A (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.; Wunderlich, A (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM adam.wunder-lich@nist.gov
OI Wunderlich, Adam/0000-0002-8463-9156
FU Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium); National Institutes of
Health [R21-EB018939]
FX B. Goossens acknowledges support from a postdoctoral fellowship of the
Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). C. K. Abbey was supported
by the National Institutes of Health under Grant R21-EB018939. Asterisk
indicates corresponding author.
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0278-0062
EI 1558-254X
J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING
JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 35
IS 9
BP 2164
EP 2173
DI 10.1109/TMI.2016.2553001
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA DY6VK
UT WOS:000385266800016
PM 27093544
ER
PT J
AU Fortier, TM
Rolland, A
Quinlan, F
Baynes, FN
Metcalf, AJ
Hati, A
Ludlow, AD
Hinkley, N
Shimizu, M
Ishibashi, T
Campbell, JC
Diddams, SA
AF Fortier, T. M.
Rolland, A.
Quinlan, F.
Baynes, F. N.
Metcalf, A. J.
Hati, A.
Ludlow, A. D.
Hinkley, N.
Shimizu, M.
Ishibashi, T.
Campbell, J. C.
Diddams, S. A.
TI Optically referenced broadband electronic synthesizer with 15 digits of
resolution
SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
DE Microwave photonics; precision measurement; optical frequency comb;
low-noise microwave generation; electronic synthesis
ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; MILLIMETER-WAVE SIGNALS; LOW PHASE-NOISE;
TUNABLE OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR; CRYOCOOLED SAPPHIRE OSCILLATOR;
FREQUENCY COMB; MICROWAVE GENERATION; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; REPETITION RATE;
LATTICE CLOCK
AB Fundamental science, as well as all communications and navigation systems, are heavily reliant on the phase, timing, and synchronization provided by low-noise and agile frequency sources. Although research into varied photonic and electronic schemes have strived to improve upon the spectral purity of microwave and millimeter-wave signals, the reliance on conventional electronic synthesis for tuning has resulted in limited progress in broadband sources. Using a digital-photonic synthesizer architecture that derives its time-base from a high-stability optical reference cavity, we generate frequency-agile and wideband microwave signals with exceptional dynamic range and with a fractional frequency instability of 1 x 10(-15) at 1 s. The presented architecture demonstrates digitally controlled, user defined and broadband frequency tuning from RF to 100 GHz with orders-of-magnitude improvement in noise performance over room-temperature electronic wide-bandwidth synthesis schemes.
C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Rolland, A.; Quinlan, F.; Baynes, F. N.; Hati, A.; Ludlow, A. D.; Hinkley, N.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Metcalf, A. J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Shimizu, M.; Ishibashi, T.] NTT Elect Corp, Naka, Ibaraki 3110122, Japan.
[Campbell, J. C.] Univ Virginia, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Rolland, A.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx, England.
RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fortier@boulder.nist.gov
RI Metcalf, Andrew/B-8780-2016
OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0001-5000-1018
FU NIST; DARPA PULSE program; La Delegation Generale de l'Armement
FX The authors would like to acknowledge NIST and the DARPA PULSE program
for funding. A. Rolland is supported by La Delegation Generale de
l'Armement. We would also like to thank C. Nelson, B. Riddle, P. Hale
and A. Weiner for helpful discussions and loan of equipment in the
initial stages of our research. This work is a contribution of the US
Government and is not subject to copyright in the US.
NR 84
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1863-8880
EI 1863-8899
J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV
JI Laser Photon. Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 5
BP 780
EP 790
DI 10.1002/lpor.201500307
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Optics; Physics
GA DX8XN
UT WOS:000384675200005
ER
PT J
AU Song, Y
Van Dyke, J
Lum, IK
White, BD
Jang, S
Yazici, D
Shu, L
Schneidewind, A
Cermak, P
Qiu, Y
Maple, MB
Morr, DK
Dai, PC
AF Song, Yu
Van Dyke, John
Lum, I. K.
White, B. D.
Jang, Sooyoung
Yazici, Duygu
Shu, L.
Schneidewind, A.
Cermak, Petr
Qiu, Y.
Maple, M. B.
Morr, Dirk K.
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Robust upward dispersion of the neutron spin resonance in the heavy
fermion superconductor Ce1-xYbxCoIn5
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CECOIN5; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING;
ORDER
AB The neutron spin resonance is a collective magnetic excitation that appears in the unconventional copper oxide, iron pnictide and heavy fermion superconductors. Although the resonance is commonly associated with a spin-exciton due to the d(s(+/-))-wave symmetry of the superconducting order parameter, it has also been proposed to be a magnon-like excitation appearing in the superconducting state. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering to demonstrate that the resonance in the heavy fermion superconductor Ce1-xYbxCoIn5 with x = 0, 0.05 and 0.3 has a ring-like upward dispersion that is robust against Yb-doping. By comparing our experimental data with a random phase approximation calculation using the electronic structure and the momentum dependence of the dx(2)-y(2)-wave superconducting gap determined from scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) for CeCoIn5, we conclude that the robust upward-dispersing resonance mode in Ce1-xYbxCoIn5 is inconsistent with the downward dispersion predicted within the spin-exciton scenario.
C1 [Song, Yu; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Van Dyke, John; Morr, Dirk K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
[Lum, I. K.; Jang, Sooyoung; Yazici, Duygu; Maple, M. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Lum, I. K.; White, B. D.; Jang, Sooyoung; Yazici, Duygu; Maple, M. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Lum, I. K.; White, B. D.; Jang, Sooyoung; Yazici, Duygu; Maple, M. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Adv Nanosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Shu, L.] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
[Shu, L.] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Schneidewind, A.; Cermak, Petr] Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS, Outstn MLZ, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
[Qiu, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Morr, DK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
EM dkmorr@uic.edu; pdai@rice.edu
RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012;
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Cermak, Petr/0000-0002-4176-6905
FU U.S. DOE, BES [DE-SC0012311, DE-FG02-04ER46105, DE-FG02-05ER46225];
Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1839]; U.S. NSF [DMR-1206553,
DMR-1508249]; NSFC [11474060]
FX We thank Qimiao Si, S. Raymond and C. Stock for helpful discussions. We
also thank S. Raymond for sharing with us his unpublished data on
CeCoIn5. We acknowledge help from Mengshu Liu, Xingye Lu and Wenliang
Zhang for assistance with sample coalignment, and Scott Carr, Weiyi Wang
and Jose Rodriguez for preliminary measurements on
Ce0.7Yb0.3CoIn5. The neutron scattering
work at Rice is supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, under Grant No.
DE-SC0012311 (P.D.). Part of the material characterization efforts at
Rice is supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant No. C-1839
(P.D.). The research at UCSD was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, under
Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46105 (sample synthesis), and the U.S. NSF, under
Grant No. DMR-1206553 (sample characterization). The work by JVD and DKM
was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES, under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46225.
The research at National Institute of Standards and Technology is in
part supported by U.S. NSF, under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. The
research at Fudan University is in part supported by the NSFC, under
Grant No. 11474060.
NR 53
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 13
U2 13
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 7
AR 12774
DI 10.1038/ncomms12774
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DY6RU
UT WOS:000385256500004
PM 27677397
ER
PT J
AU Hiolski, EM
Ito, S
Beggs, JM
Lefebvre, KA
Litke, AM
Smith, DR
AF Hiolski, E. M.
Ito, S.
Beggs, J. M.
Lefebvre, K. A.
Litke, A. M.
Smith, D. R.
TI Domoic acid disrupts the activity and connectivity of neuronal networks
in organotypic brain slice cultures
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Domoic acid; Multielectrode recording; Developmental neurotoxicity;
Organotypic brain slice culture
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS;
GABAERGIC NEURONS; SILENT SYNAPSES; KAINIC ACID; EXPRESSION; MODEL;
INTERNEURONS; EXPOSURE
AB Domoic acid is a neurotoxin produced by algae and is found in seafood during harmful algal blooms. As a glutamate agonist, domoic acid inappropriately stimulates excitatory activity in neurons. At high doses, this leads to seizures and brain lesions, but it is unclear how lower, asymptomatic exposures disrupt neuronal activity. Domoic acid has been detected in an increasing variety of species across a greater geographical range than ever before, making it critical to understand the potential health impacts of low-level exposure on vulnerable marine mammal and human populations. To determine whether prolonged domoic acid exposure altered neuronal activity in hippocampal networks, we used a custom-made 512 multi-electrode array with high spatial and temporal resolution to record extracellular potentials (spikes) in mouse organotypic brain slice cultures. We identified individual neurons based on spike waveform and location, and measured the activity and functional connectivity within the neuronal networks of brain slice cultures. Domoic acid exposure significantly altered neuronal spiking activity patterns, and increased functional connectivity within exposed cultures, in the absence of overt cellular or neuronal toxicity. While the overall spiking activity of neurons in domoic acid-exposed cultures was comparable to controls, exposed neurons spiked significantly more often in bursts. We also identified a subset of neurons that were electrophysiologically silenced in exposed cultures, and putatively identified those neurons as fast-spiking inhibitory neurons. These results provide evidence that domoic acid affects neuronal activity in the absence of cytotoxicity, and suggest that neurodevelopmental exposure to domoic acid may alter neurological function in the absence of clinical symptoms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hiolski, E. M.; Smith, D. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Ito, S.; Litke, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Beggs, J. M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Lefebvre, K. A.] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.; Litke, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM drsmith@ucsc.edu
FU NSF [DGE-0809125-006, OCE-1314088]; NIH [R01 ES021930]; UCSC COR;
Friends of Long Marine Lab; Meyers Oceanographic Trust;
[NSFIIS-0904413]
FX The authors would like to thank Preston Kendrick (NOAA Fisheries) for
ELISA measurements of domoic acid, Ben Abrams (UCSC Microscopy Center)
for assistance with microscopy and quantification software, Fang-Chin
Yeh for training on organotypic slice culture preparation, and Daniel
Kirsner (UCSC Applied Math and Statistics Dept) for statistics advice
and guidance. Funding sources: NSFIIS-0904413 (to SI & AML); NSF
DGE-0809125-006 (to EMH); (NIH) R01 ES021930 (to KAL and David Marcinek,
University of Washington); (NSF) OCE-1314088 (to KAL and David Marcinek,
University of Washington); UCSC COR (to EMH & DRS); Friends of Long
Marine Lab (to EMH & DRS); Meyers Oceanographic Trust (to EMH & DRS).
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0161-813X
EI 1872-9711
J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY
JI Neurotoxicology
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 56
BP 215
EP 224
DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.004
PG 10
WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA DY4GF
UT WOS:000385056300022
PM 27506300
ER
PT J
AU Overland, JE
AF Overland, James E.
TI A difficult Arctic science issue: Midlatitude weather linkages
SO POLAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Symposium for Arctic Science (ISAR) / 3rd
International Conference for Arctic Research Planning (ICARP) held as
the Science Symposium of the Arctic Science Summit Week
CY APR 27-30, 2015
CL Toyama, JAPAN
DE Arctic amplification; Atmospheric circulation; Arctic oscillation;
Extreme weather; Climate change
ID SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COVER CHANGES; COLD
WINTERS; TRENDS; IMPACT; AMPLIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY
AB There is at present unresolved uncertainty whether Arctic amplification (increased air temperatures and loss of sea ice) impacts the location and intensities of recent major weather events in midlatitudes. There are three major impediments. The first is the null hypothesis where the shortness of time series since major amplification (similar to 15 years) is dominated by the variance of the physical process in the attribution calculation. This makes it impossible to robustly distinguish the influence of Arctic forcing of regional circulation from random events. The second is the large chaotic jet stream variability at midlatitudes producing a small Arctic forcing signal-to-noise ratio. Third, there are other potential external forcings of hemispheric circulation, such as teleconnections driven by tropical and midlatitude sea surface temperature anomalies. It is, however, important to note and understand recent emerging case studies. There is evidence for a causal connection of Barents-Kara sea ice loss, a stronger Siberian High, and cold air outbreaks into eastern Asia. Recent cold air penetrating into the southeastern United States was related to a shift in the long-wave atmospheric wind pattern and reinforced by warmer temperatures west of Greenland. Arctic Linkages is a major research challenge that benefits from an international focus on the topic. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov
NR 65
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 14
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1873-9652
EI 1876-4428
J9 POLAR SCI
JI Polar Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 3
BP 210
EP 216
DI 10.1016/j.polar.2016.04.011
PG 7
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DY1NN
UT WOS:000384861800005
ER
PT J
AU Yasunaka, S
Murata, A
Watanabe, E
Chierici, M
Fransson, A
van Heuven, S
Hoppema, M
Ishii, M
Johannessen, T
Kosugi, N
Lauvset, SK
Mathis, JT
Nishino, S
Omar, AM
Olsen, A
Sasano, D
Takahashi, T
Wanninkhof, R
AF Yasunaka, Sayaka
Murata, Akihiko
Watanabe, Eiji
Chierici, Melissa
Fransson, Agneta
van Heuven, Steven
Hoppema, Mario
Ishii, Masao
Johannessen, Truls
Kosugi, Naohiro
Lauvset, Siv K.
Mathis, Jeremy T.
Nishino, Shigeto
Omar, Abdirahman M.
Olsen, Are
Sasano, Daisuke
Takahashi, Taro
Wanninkhof, Rik
TI Mapping of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent
seas: Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability
SO POLAR SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Symposium for Arctic Science (ISAR) / 3rd
International Conference for Arctic Research Planning (ICARP) held as
the Science Symposium of the Arctic Science Summit Week
CY APR 27-30, 2015
CL Toyama, JAPAN
DE Arctic Ocean; CO2 flux; Self-organizing map
ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; BARENTS SEA;
NEURAL-NETWORK; GAS-EXCHANGE; UPTAKE CAPACITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREENLAND
SEA; WIND-SPEED; IN-SITU
AB We produced 204 monthly maps of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Arctic north of 60 degrees N, including the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas, from January 1997 to December 2013 by using a self-organizing map technique. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in surface water data were obtained by shipboard underway measurements or calculated from alkalinity and total inorganic carbon of surface water samples. Subsequently, we investigated the basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability of the CO2 fluxes. The 17-year annual mean CO2 flux shows that all areas of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas were net CO2 sinks. The estimated annual CO2 uptake by the Arctic Ocean was 180 TgC yr(-1). The CO2 influx was strongest in winter in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas (>15 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) and the Barents Sea (>12 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) because of strong winds, and strongest in summer in the Chukchi Sea (similar to 10 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) because of the sea-ice retreat In recent years, the CO2 uptake has increased in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea and decreased in the southern Barents Sea, owing to increased and decreased air-sea pCO(2) differences, respectively. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Yasunaka, Sayaka; Murata, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res & Dev Ctr Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Yasunaka, Sayaka; Murata, Akihiko; Watanabe, Eiji; Nishino, Shigeto] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Chierici, Melissa] Inst Marine Res, Tromso, Norway.
[Chierici, Melissa] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Fransson, Agneta] Norwegian Polar Inst Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway.
[van Heuven, Steven] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Marine Geol & Chem Oceanog, Den Hoorn Texel, Netherlands.
[Hoppema, Mario] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Climate Sci Dept, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Ishii, Masao; Kosugi, Naohiro; Sasano, Daisuke] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Geochem & Oceanog Res Dept, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan.
[Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway.
[Johannessen, Truls; Olsen, Are] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.
[Lauvset, Siv K.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway.
[Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Arctic Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Omar, Abdirahman M.] Uni Res AS, Bergen, Norway.
[Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
[Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Yasunaka, S (reprint author), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
EM yasunaka@jamstec.go.jp
RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011
OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142
NR 60
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 7
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1873-9652
EI 1876-4428
J9 POLAR SCI
JI Polar Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 3
BP 323
EP 334
DI 10.1016/j.polar.2016.03.006
PG 12
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA DY1NN
UT WOS:000384861800017
ER
PT J
AU Bedford, NM
Showalter, AR
Woehl, TJ
Hughes, ZE
Lee, S
Reinhart, B
Ertem, SP
Coughlin, EB
Ren, Y
Walsh, TR
Bunker, BA
AF Bedford, Nicholas M.
Showalter, Allison R.
Woehl, Taylor J.
Hughes, Zak E.
Lee, Sungsik
Reinhart, Benjamin
Ertem, S. Piril
Coughlin, E. Bryan
Ren, Yang
Walsh, Tiffany R.
Bunker, Bruce A.
TI Peptide-Directed PdAu Nanoscale Surface Segregation: Toward Controlled
Bimetallic Architecture for Catalytic Materials
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE peptide-enabled nanoparticles; bimetallic nanoparticles; atomic pair
distribution function analysis; X-ray absorption spectroscopy;
electrocatalysis
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES; ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES;
MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METHANOL OXIDATION;
PHASE-STRUCTURE; FUEL-CELL; AU; PALLADIUM
AB Bimetallic nanoparticles are of immense scientific and technological interest given the synergistic properties observed when two different metallic species are mixed at the nanoscale. This is particularly prevalent in catalysis, where bimetallic nanoparticles often exhibit improved catalytic activity and durability over their monometallic counterparts. Yet despite intense research efforts, little is understood regarding how to optimize bimetallic surface composition and. structure synthetically using rational design principles. Recently, it has been demonstrated that peptide-enabled routes for nanoparticle synthesis result in materials with sequence-dependent catalytic properties, providing an opportunity for rational design through sequence manipulation. In this study, bimetallic PdAu nanoparticles are synthesized with a small set of peptides containing known Pd and Au binding motifs. The resulting nanoparticles were extensively characterized using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and high-energy X-ray diffraction coupled to atomic pair distribution function analysis. Structural information obtained from synchrotron radiation methods was then used to generate model nanoparticle configurations using reverse Monte Carlo simulations, which illustrate sequence dependence in both surface structure and surface composition. Replica exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics simulations were also used to predict the modes of peptide binding on monometallic surfaces, indicating that different sequences bind to the metal interfaces via different mechanisms. As a testbed reaction, electrocatalytic methanol oxidation experiments were performed, wherein differences in catalytic activity are dearly observed in materials with identical bimetallic composition. Taken together, this study indicates that peptides could be used to arrive at bimetallic surfaces with enhanced catalytic properties, which could be leveraged for rational bimetallic nanoparticle design using peptide-enabled approaches.
C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Woehl, Taylor J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Showalter, Allison R.; Bunker, Bruce A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Hughes, Zak E.; Walsh, Tiffany R.] Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia.
[Lee, Sungsik; Reinhart, Benjamin; Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ertem, S. Piril; Coughlin, E. Bryan] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov
RI Walsh, Tiffany/C-2667-2009; Hughes, Zak/B-9835-2017;
OI Walsh, Tiffany/0000-0002-0233-9484; Hughes, Zak/0000-0003-2166-9822;
Ertem, S. Piril/0000-0001-5742-8831
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC); Australian
Government; veski; Air Force Office for Scientific Research
[FA9550-12-620 1-0226]; Army Research Office through a MURI award
[W911NF-10-1-0520]; NSF
FX The use of beamlines 11-ID-C and 12-BM of the Advanced Photon Source is
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User
Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National
Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Z.E.H. thanks the Royal
Society of Chemistry (RSC) for travel funds made available under the
Journal Grants for International Authors scheme to assist in
facilitating the reported research. This research was undertaken with
the assistance of resources from the National Computational
Infrastructure (NCI), which is supported by the Australian Government.
T.R.W. thanks veski for an Innovation Fellowship. This work was
partially supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research
(T.R.W., Grant No. FA9550-12-620 1-0226). S.P.E. and E.B.C. gratefully
acknowledge financial support from the Army Research Office through a
MURI award, W911NF-10-1-0520, and the central analytical facilities
supported by the NSF-Sponsored MRSEC at UMass Amherst. We would like to
thank Prof. Brian Gorman of the Colorado School of Mines with assistance
with EDS mapping experiments.
NR 92
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 42
U2 42
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 9
BP 8645
EP 8659
DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b03963
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DX5DF
UT WOS:000384399300057
PM 27583654
ER
PT J
AU Smolyanitsky, A
Yakobson, BI
Wassenaar, TA
Paulechka, E
Kroenlein, K
AF Smolyanitsky, Alex
Yakobson, Boris I.
Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.
Paulechka, Eugene
Kroenlein, Kenneth
TI A MoS2-Based Capacitive Displacement Sensor for DNA Sequencing
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE monolayer molybdenum disulfide; nanoelectromechanical; DNA sequencing;
molecular sensing
ID SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; GRAPHENE NANOPORES;
MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; TRANSLOCATION; MOLECULES; FIELD;
MOS2; NANORIBBONS; MEMBRANE
AB We propose an aqueous functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanoribbon suspended over a solid electrode as a capacitive displacement sensor aimed at determining the DNA sequence. The detectable sequencing events arise from the combination of Watson Click base-pairing, one of nature's most basic lock-and-key binding mechanisms, with the ability of appropriately sized atomically thin membranes to flex substantially in response to subnanonewton forces. We employ carefully designed numerical simulations and theoretical estimates to demonstrate excellent (79% to 86%) raw target detection accuracy at similar to 70 million bases per second and electrical measurability of the detected events. In addition, we demonstrate reliable detection of repeated DNA motifs. Finally, we argue that the use of a nanoscale opening (nanopore) is not requisite for the operation of the proposed sensor and present a simplified sensor geometry without the nanopore as part of the sensing element. Our results, therefore, potentially suggest a realistic inherently base-specific, high throughput electronic DNA sequencing device as a cost-effective de novo alternative to the existing methods.
C1 [Smolyanitsky, Alex; Paulechka, Eugene; Kroenlein, Kenneth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
[Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.] Univ Groningen, Zernike Inst Adv Mat, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
[Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.] Hanze Univ Appl Sci, Bioinformat, NL-9747 AS Groningen, Netherlands.
RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov
NR 45
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 37
U2 37
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 9
BP 9009
EP 9016
DI 10.1021/acsnano.6b05274
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DX5DF
UT WOS:000384399300100
PM 27623171
ER
PT J
AU Hasan, MR
Arinze, ES
Singh, AK
Oleshko, VP
Guo, SQ
Rani, A
Cheng, Y
Kalish, I
Zaghloul, ME
Rao, MV
Nguyen, NV
Motayed, A
Davydov, AV
Thon, SM
Debnath, R
AF Hasan, Md Rezaul
Arinze, Ebuka S.
Singh, Arunima K.
Oleshko, Vladimir P.
Guo, Shiqi
Rani, Asha
Cheng, Yan
Kalish, Irina
Zaghloul, Mona E.
Rao, Mulpuri V.
Nguyen, Nhan V.
Motayed, Abhishek
Davydov, Albert V.
Thon, Susanna M.
Debnath, Ratan
TI An Antimony Selenide Molecular Ink for Flexible Broadband Photodetectors
SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ACTIVE-MATRIX
DISPLAYS; AMINE SOLVENT MIXTURE; WAVE BASIS-SET; THIN-FILMS;
SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC TRANSISTORS; SB2SE3 NANOWIRES
C1 [Hasan, Md Rezaul; Singh, Arunima K.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Guo, Shiqi; Rani, Asha; Kalish, Irina; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Debnath, Ratan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hasan, Md Rezaul; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Arinze, Ebuka S.; Cheng, Yan; Thon, Susanna M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Guo, Shiqi; Rani, Asha; Zaghloul, Mona E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Nguyen, Nhan V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Debnath, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Thon, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM susanna.thon@jhu.edu; ratan.debnath@nist.gov
FU NSF [203146]; Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship
[70NANB11H012]; Texas Advanced Computing Center [TG-DMR050028N,
TG-DMR140143, TG-DMR150006]; National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575]
FX M.R.H. acknowledges the financial support of NSF grant No. 203146.
A.K.S. is funded by the Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral
Fellowship under award No. 70NANB11H012. This research used
computational resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center
under Contracts TG-DMR050028N, TG-DMR140143, and TG-DMR150006. This work
used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE),
which was supported by National Science Foundation grant number
ACI-1053575. The devices were fabricated in the Nanofab of the NIST
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST). The authors are
grateful to Dr. Nikolai Zhitenev and Dr. Veronika Szalai of CNST, NIST
for their valuable help with device fabrication and Raman spectroscopy
measurements, respectively. Certain commercial equipment, instruments,
or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the
experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended
to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), nor is it intended to imply that the
materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for
the purpose.
NR 66
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 47
U2 47
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2199-160X
J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER
JI Adv. Electron. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 2
IS 9
AR 1600182
DI 10.1002/aelm.201600182
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA DX5XK
UT WOS:000384455800012
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
Culp, JT
Chen, YS
AF Wong-Ng, Winnie
Culp, Jeffrey T.
Chen, Yu-Sheng
TI Crystallography of Representative MOFs Based on Pillared Cyanonickelate
(PICNIC) Architecture
SO CRYSTALS
LA English
DT Article
DE MOFs; Flexible Ni(CN)(4)-based metal-organic frameworks;
crystallography; structure and adsorption properties
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; SELECTIVE CO2
CAPTURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON
X-RAY; IN-SITU; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYBRID FRAMEWORKS; MOLECULAR-SIEVE
AB The pillared layer motif is a commonly used route to porous coordination polymers or metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Materials based on the pillared cyano-bridged architecture, [Ni'(L) Ni(CN)(4)](n) (L = pillar organic ligands), also known as PICNICs, have been shown to be especially diverse where pore size and pore functionality can be varied by the choice of pillar organic ligand. In addition, a number of PICNICs form soft porous structures that show reversible structure transitions during the adsorption and desorption of guests. The structural flexibility in these materials can be affected by relatively minor differences in ligand design, and the physical driving force for variations in host-guest behavior in these materials is still not known. One key to understanding this diversity is a detailed investigation of the crystal structures of both rigid and flexible PICNIC derivatives. This article gives a brief review of flexible MOFs. It also reports the crystal structures of five PICNICS from our laboratories including three 3-D porous frameworks (Ni-Bpene, NI-BpyMe, Ni-BpyNH(2)), one 2-D layer (Ni-Bpy), and one 1-D chain (Ni-Naph) compound. The sorption data of BpyMe for CO2, CH4 and N-2 is described. The important role of NH3 (from the solvent of crystallization) as blocking ligands which prevent the polymerization of the 1-D chains and 2-D layers to become 3D porous frameworks in the Ni-Bpy and Ni-Naph compounds is also addressed.
C1 [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Culp, Jeffrey T.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
[Culp, Jeffrey T.] AECOM, South Pk, PA 15219 USA.
[Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; jeffrey.culp@netl.doe.gov;
yschen@cars.uchicago.edu
FU National Energy Technology [DE-FE0004000]; National Science
Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-1346572]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy
Technology's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the
Research Contract DE-FE0004000. The authors gratefully acknowledge
ChemMatCARS Sector 15 which is principally supported by the National
Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number
NSF/CHE-1346572. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 101
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4352
J9 CRYSTALS
JI Crystals
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 9
AR 108
DI 10.3390/cryst6090108
PG 27
WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Crystallography; Materials Science
GA DX6XQ
UT WOS:000384529800008
ER
PT J
AU Chaney, NW
Metcalfe, P
Wood, EF
AF Chaney, Nathaniel W.
Metcalfe, Peter
Wood, Eric F.
TI HydroBlocks: a field-scale resolving land surface model for application
over continental extents
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE land surface modelling; spatial heterogeneity; hydrologic similarity
ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; DYNAMIC TOPMODEL; WATER; BOUNDARY;
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION; REPRESENTATION;
SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION
AB Land surface spatial heterogeneity plays a significant role in the water, energy, and carbon cycles over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Until now, the representation of this spatial heterogeneity in land surface models has been limited to over simplistic schemes because of computation and environmental data limitations. This study introduces HydroBlocks - a novel land surface model that represents field-scale spatial heterogeneity of land surface processes through interacting hydrologic response units (HRUs). HydroBlocks is a coupling between the Noah-MP land surface model and the Dynamic TOPMODEL hydrologic model. The HRUs are defined by clustering proxies of the drivers of spatial heterogeneity using high-resolution land data. The clustering mechanism allows for each HRU's results to be mapped out in space, facilitating field-scale application and validation. The Little Washita watershed in the USA is used to assess HydroBlocks' performance and added benefit from traditional land surface models. A comparison between the semi-distributed and fully distributed versions of the model suggests that using 1000 HRUs is sufficient to accurately approximate the fully distributed solution. A preliminary evaluation of model performance using available in situ soil moisture observations suggests that HydroBlocks is generally able to reproduce the observed spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture. Model performance deficiencies can be primarily attributed to parameter uncertainty. HydroBlocks' ability to explicitly resolve field-scale spatial heterogeneity while only requiring an increase in computation of one to two orders of magnitude when compared with existing land surface models is encouraging - ensemble field-scale land surface modelling over continental extents is now possible. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Chaney, Nathaniel W.; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Metcalfe, Peter] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England.
[Chaney, Nathaniel W.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Chaney, NW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Chaney, NW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM nchaney@princeton.edu
FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310175]; NSF [1144217]
FX This study was supported by funding from NOAA grant NA11OAR4310175
(Improving land, evaporative processes and land-atmosphere interactions
in the NCEP Global Forecast System, (GFS) and Climate Forecast System
(CFS)) and NSF grant 1144217 (Petascale Design and, Management of
Satellite Assets to Advance Space Based Earth Science). The authors
thank Allison Chaney for designing Figure 1.
NR 63
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 14
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0885-6087
EI 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 30
IS 20
BP 3543
EP 3559
DI 10.1002/hyp.10891
PG 17
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA DY0FT
UT WOS:000384773400001
ER
PT J
AU Chbili, Z
Matsuda, A
Chbili, J
Ryan, JT
Campbell, JP
Lahbabi, M
Ioannou, DE
Cheung, KP
AF Chbili, Zakariae
Matsuda, Asahiko
Chbili, Jaafar
Ryan, Jason T.
Campbell, Jason P.
Lahbabi, Mhamed
Ioannou, Dimitris E.
Cheung, Kin P.
TI Modeling Early Breakdown Failures of Gate Oxide in SiC Power MOSFETs
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Burn-in; DMOSFET; early failures; power MOSFET; reliability; SiC;
time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB)
ID DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; IMPACT IONIZATION; SIC/SIO2 INTERFACE;
TRAP GENERATION; THIN SIO2-FILMS; SILICON DIOXIDE; MOS CAPACITORS; SIO2;
RELIABILITY; CONDUCTION
AB One of the most serious technology roadblocks for SiC DMOSFETs is the significant occurrence of early failures in time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown testing. Conventional screening methods have proved ineffective, because the remaining population is still plagued with poor reliability. The traditional local thinning model for extrinsic (early) failures, which guides the screening through burn-in measures, simply does not work. The fact that improved cleanliness control in the fabrication process does little to reduce early failures also suggests that local thinning due to contamination is not the root cause. In this paper, we propose a new lucky defect model where bulk defects in the gate oxide, introduced during growth, are responsible for the early failures. We argue that a local increase in leakage current via trap-assisted tunneling leads to early oxide breakdown. This argument is supported with oxide breakdown observations in SiC/SiO2 DMOSFETs, as well as simulations that examine various defect distributions and their impact on the resultant early failure distributions.
C1 [Chbili, Zakariae] GLOBALFOUNDRIES Inc, Malta, NY 12020 USA.
[Matsuda, Asahiko] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan.
[Chbili, Zakariae; Ryan, Jason T.; Campbell, Jason P.; Cheung, Kin P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lahbabi, Mhamed] Univ Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Signaux Syst & Composants, Fes 2202, Morocco.
[Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Chbili, Z (reprint author), GLOBALFOUNDRIES Inc, Malta, NY 12020 USA.
EM zakariae.chbili@globalfoundries.com; asa.matsuda@gmail.com;
jaafarchbili@gmail.com; jason.ryan@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov;
lahbabi_m@yahoo.fr; dioannou@gmu.edu; kin.cheung@nist.gov
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9383
EI 1557-9646
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 63
IS 9
BP 3605
EP 3613
DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2586483
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA DX7NK
UT WOS:000384574400036
ER
PT J
AU Krause, JM
AF Krause, John M.
TI A Simple Algorithm to Discriminate between Meteorological and
Nonmeteorological Radar Echoes
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; POLARIMETRIC VARIABLES; NONPRECIPITATING
ECHOES; WSR-88D; QUALITY
AB Discriminating between meteorological and nonmeteorological radar returns is necessary for a number of radar applications, including hydrometeor classification, quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), and the computation of specific differential phase K-DP. The algorithm proposed, MetSignal, uses polarimetric radar data and is simple by design, allowing users to adjust its performance based on the location's specific needs. The MetSignal algorithm is a fuzzy logic technique with a few postprocessing rules and has been selected for implementation on the WSR-88D network in the United States.
C1 [Krause, John M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Krause, John M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Krause, JM (reprint author), NSSL, RRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM john.krause@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]
FX The author would like to thank Dr. Jeff Snyder for his encouragement and
assistance in the preparation of this manuscript, and Dr. Alexander
Ryzhkov for his helpful suggestions during algorithm development.
Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072,
U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 9
BP 1875
EP 1885
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0239.1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX6ZO
UT WOS:000384535300005
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, Y
Xu, Q
AF Jiang, Yuan
Xu, Qin
TI Adaptive Dealiasing for Doppler Velocities Scanned from Hurricanes and
Typhoons
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA QUALITY-CONTROL; WIND; VORTICES
AB By fitting a parametric vortex model directly to aliased radar radial velocities scanned from a hurricane, the maximum tangential velocity and its radial distance from the hurricane vortex center can be estimated by the recently developed alias-robust vortex analysis. This vortex analysis can be refined to produce a suitable reference radial velocity field on each tilt of a radar scan for the reference check in the first main step of dealiasing. This paper presents the techniques developed for the refinements and shows how and to what extent the refined vortex analysis can improve the reference check and thus enhance the dealiased data coverage, especially over severely aliased data areas around the vortex core of a hurricane or typhoon. In addition, stringent threshold conditions are used in the reference check and the subsequent continuity check to ensure the accepted data are free of alias or almost so. The robustness and improved performance of the method are exemplified by the results tested with severely aliased radial velocities scanned by operational WSR-88D radars from hurricanes in the United States and by operational China New Generation Weather Radar (CINRAD) base data format SA radars from typhoons in China.
C1 [Jiang, Yuan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Jiang, Yuan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM qin.xu@noaa.gov
FU ONR [N000141410281]; China Meteorological Administration Special Public
Welfare Research Fund [GYHY201506004, GYHY201506021]; National Natural
Sciences Foundation of China [91337103]; National Key Technology RD
Program [2012BAC22B02]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project
(973 Program) of China [2013CB430106]
FX We are thankful to Kang Nai of the University of Oklahoma (OU) for
providing the continuity check subroutines and plotting for Figs. 5-7,
and to the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which
improved the presentation of the paper. The research was supported by
the ONR Grant N000141410281 to OU. Funding was also provided by China
Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund
(GYHY201506004 and GYHY201506021), the National Natural Sciences
Foundation of China (Grant 91337103), the National Key Technology R&D
Program (2012BAC22B02), and National Program on Key Basic Research
Project (973 Program, 2013CB430106) of China.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 9
BP 1931
EP 1947
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0146.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX6ZO
UT WOS:000384535300009
ER
PT J
AU Zou, CZ
Qian, HF
AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi
Qian, Haifeng
TI Stratospheric Temperature Climate Data Record from Merged SSU and AMSU-A
Observations
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TRENDS; OZONE;
CONSTRUCTION; MSU
AB Observations from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) on board historical NOAA polar-orbiting satellites have played a vital role in investigations of long-term trends and variability in the middle-and upper-stratospheric temperatures during 1979-2006. The successor to SSU is the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) starting from 1998 until the present. Unfortunately, the two observations came from different sets of atmospheric layers, and the SSU weighting functions varied with time and location, posing a challenge to merge them with sufficient accuracy for development of an extended SSU climate data record. This study proposes a variational approach for the merging problem, matching in both temperatures and weighting functions. The approach yields zero means with a small standard deviation and a negligible drift over time in the temperature differences between SSU and its extension to AMSU-A. These features made the approach appealing for reliable detection of long-term climate trends. The approach also matches weighting functions with high accuracy for SSU channels 1 and 2 and reasonable accuracy for channel 3. The total decreases in global mean temperatures found from the merged dataset were from 1.8K in the middle stratosphere to 2.4K in the upper stratosphere during 1979-2015. These temperature drops were associated with two segments of piecewise linear cooling trends, with those during the first period (1979-97) being much larger than those of the second period (1998-2015). These differences in temperature trends corresponded well to changes of the atmospheric ozone amount from depletion to recovery during the respective time periods, showing the influence of human decisions on climate change.
C1 [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA.
[Qian, Haifeng] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA.
RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/STAR CalVal Program through Satellite Meteorology and Climatology
Division
FX We thank Dian Seidel for her review and comments on the manuscript. We
also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive
comments. The original SSU-only and AMSU-A-only datasets and the merged
SSU/AMSU-A dataset are available from the NOAA/STAR website
(http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/mscat/). The work was
supported by the NOAA/STAR CalVal Program through the Satellite
Meteorology and Climatology Division. The views, opinions, and findings
contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be
construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
or U.S. government position, policy, or decision.
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 9
BP 1967
EP 1984
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0018.1
PG 18
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX6ZO
UT WOS:000384535300011
ER
PT J
AU Marvasti, A
Lamberte, A
AF Marvasti, Akbar
Lamberte, Antonio
TI Commodity price volatility under regulatory changes and disaster
SO JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL FINANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Price volatility; GARCH; Time series; Regulatory change; Disaster
ID STRUCTURAL-CHANGE; TRADING VOLUME; VARIANCE; BEHAVIOR; MARKETS; MODELS
AB We find that the EGARCH model best describes the dynamics of U.S. Gulf of Mexico red snapper daily dockside prices and find their reaction to shocks to be asymmetric, though news has an impact on volatility level in a direction contrary to that of financial asset prices. We also find that volume contains useful information for predicting volatility. However, unlike financial asset prices, though consistent with fish commodities prices, red snapper price volatility diminishes when the volume is high. Also, the effect of expected changes on transaction volume is more dominant than that of unexpected changes. Explicitly accounting for oil spill closures and the Individual Fishing Quotas (IFQ) program in other species as variance shift parameters significantly reduces volatility and improves the market efficiency response to shocks. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Marvasti, Akbar] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Marvasti, Akbar] Univ Miami, Dept Econ, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Lamberte, Antonio] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Akbar.Marvasti@noaa.gov
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0927-5398
EI 1879-1727
J9 J EMPIR FINANC
JI J. Empir. Financ.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 38
BP 355
EP 361
DI 10.1016/j.jempfin.2016.07.008
PN A
PG 7
WC Business, Finance; Economics
SC Business & Economics
GA DX4WY
UT WOS:000384383000019
ER
PT J
AU Saide, PE
Thompson, G
Eidhammer, T
da Silva, AM
Pierce, RB
Carmichael, GR
AF Saide, Pablo E.
Thompson, Gregory
Eidhammer, Trude
da Silva, Arlindo M.
Pierce, R. Bradley
Carmichael, Gregory R.
TI Assessment of biomass burning smoke influence on environmental
conditions for multiyear tornado outbreaks by combining aerosol-aware
microphysics and fire emission constraints
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE biomass burning; severe weather; tornadoes; fires;
aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions; WRF
ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WEATHER FORECASTS; OPTICAL
DEPTH; WRF-CHEM; MODEL; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION
AB We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) system to study the impacts of biomass burning smoke from Central America on several tornado outbreaks occurring in the U.S. during spring. The model is configured with an aerosol-aware microphysics parameterization capable of resolving aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions in a cost-efficient way for numerical weather prediction (NWP) applications. Primary aerosol emissions are included, and smoke emissions are constrained using an inverse modeling technique and satellite-based aerosol optical depth observations. Simulations turning on and off fire emissions reveal smoke presence in all tornado outbreaks being studied and show an increase in aerosol number concentrations due to smoke. However, the likelihood of occurrence and intensification of tornadoes is higher due to smoke only in cases where cloud droplet number concentration in low-level clouds increases considerably in a way that modifies the environmental conditions where the tornadoes are formed (shallower cloud bases and higher low-level wind shear). Smoke absorption and vertical extent also play a role, with smoke absorption at cloud-level tending to burn-off clouds and smoke absorption above clouds resulting in an increased capping inversion. Comparing these and WRF-Chem simulations configured with a more complex representation of aerosol size and composition and different optical properties, microphysics, and activation schemes, we find similarities in terms of the simulated aerosol optical depths and aerosol impacts on near-storm environments. This provides reliability on the aerosol-aware microphysics scheme as a less computationally expensive alternative to WRF-Chem for its use in applications such as NWP and cloud-resolving simulations.
C1 [Saide, Pablo E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Saide, Pablo E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Thompson, Gregory; Eidhammer, Trude] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[da Silva, Arlindo M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Madison, WI USA.
[Carmichael, Gregory R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA.
RP Saide, PE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.; Saide, PE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM saide@ucar.edu
RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010
OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643
FU National Science Foundation
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the
National Science Foundation. Contact P.E. Saide (saide@ucar.edu) for
data and code requests. This work was carried out with the aid of NASA
grant NNXAF95G. A.M. da Silva is funded by NASA's Modeling and
Application Program. We acknowledge use of MOZART-4 global model output
available at http://www.acom.ucar.edu/wrf-chem/mozart.shtml. CALIPSO
data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric
Science Data Center (https://earthdata.nasa.gov/). The views, opinions,
and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and
should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 15
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 17
BP 10294
EP 10311
DI 10.1002/2016JD025056
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY0YV
UT WOS:000384823000014
ER
PT J
AU Guo, H
Sullivan, AP
Campuzano-Jost, P
Schroder, JC
Lopez-Hilfiker, FD
Dibb, JE
Jimenez, JL
Thornton, JA
Brown, SS
Nenes, A
Weber, RJ
AF Guo, Hongyu
Sullivan, Amy P.
Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
Schroder, Jason C.
Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.
Dibb, Jack E.
Jimenez, Jose L.
Thornton, Joel A.
Brown, Steven S.
Nenes, Athanasios
Weber, Rodney J.
TI Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in
the northeastern United States
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Review
DE particle acidity; pH; WINTER; nitrate; nitric acid; partitioning
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; LIQUID PHASE-SEPARATION;
THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; RESOLVED CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION;
AMMONIUM-NITRATE AEROSOL; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ISOPRENE EPOXYDIOLS;
PARTICULATE MATTER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-POLLUTION
AB Particle pH is a critical but poorly constrained quantity that affects many aerosol processes and properties, including aerosol composition, concentrations, and toxicity. We assess PM1 pH as a function of geographical location and altitude, focusing on the northeastern U.S., based on aircraft measurements from the Wintertime Investigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity campaign (1 February to 15 March 2015). Particle pH and water were predicted with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted to observed partitioning of inorganic nitrate between the gas and particle phases. Good agreement was found for relative humidity (RH) above 40%; at lower RH observed particle nitrate was higher than predicted, possibly due to organic-inorganic phase separations or nitrate measurement uncertainties associated with low concentrations (nitrate<1 mu gm(-3)). Including refractory ions in the pH calculations did not improve model predictions, suggesting they were externally mixed with PM1 sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. Sample line volatilization artifacts were found to be minimal. Overall, particle pH for altitudes up to 5000m ranged between -0.51 and 1.9 (10th and 90th percentiles) with a study mean of 0.770.96, similar to those reported for the southeastern U.S. and eastern Mediterranean. This expansive aircraft data set is used to investigate causes in variability in pH and pH-dependent aerosol components, such as PM1 nitrate, over a wide range of temperatures (-21 to 19 degrees C), RH (20 to 95%), inorganic gas, and particle concentrations and also provides further evidence that particles with low pH are ubiquitous.
C1 [Guo, Hongyu; Nenes, Athanasios; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Sullivan, Amy P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Schroder, Jason C.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Schroder, Jason C.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res & Technol, Hellas, Greece.
[Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece.
RP Nenes, A; Weber, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Brown,
Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867;
FU NSF as part of the WINTER aircraft campaign [1360730]; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory;
National Science Foundation; Cullen-Peck Faculty Fellowship; Georgia
Power Faculty Scholar funds; NSF [AGS-1360834, AGS-1360745, AGS-1456249]
FX This work was supported by NSF under grant 1360730 as part of the WINTER
aircraft campaign with significant in-kind support from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research
Laboratory. The WINTER data are provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship
of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu). We wish
to thank RAF personnel for their many contributions supporting the field
deployments. A.N. acknowledges support by a Cullen-Peck Faculty
Fellowship and Georgia Power Faculty Scholar funds. J.C.S., P.C.J., and
J.L.J. were supported by NSF AGS-1360834. F.D.L. and J.A.T. were
supported by NSF AGS-1360745. J.E.D. acknowledges support by NSF
AGS-1456249. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources
Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and
dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used
in this publication.
NR 126
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 39
U2 39
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 17
BP 10355
EP 10376
DI 10.1002/2016JD025311
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY0YV
UT WOS:000384823000021
ER
PT J
AU Sullivan, JT
Mcgee, TJ
Langford, AO
Alvarez, RJ
Senff, CJ
Reddy, PJ
Thompson, AM
Twigg, LW
Sumnicht, GK
Lee, P
Weinheimer, A
Knote, C
Long, RW
Hoff, RM
AF Sullivan, John T.
McGee, Thomas J.
Langford, Andrew O.
Alvarez, Raul J., II
Senff, Christoph J.
Reddy, Patrick J.
Thompson, Anne M.
Twigg, Laurence W.
Sumnicht, Grant K.
Lee, Pius
Weinheimer, Andrew
Knote, Christoph
Long, Russell W.
Hoff, Raymond M.
TI Quantifying the contribution of thermally driven recirculation to a
high-ozone event along the Colorado Front Range using lidar
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE ozone; air quality; remote sensing; lidar; air quality modeling; TOLNet
ID REGIONAL-SCALE FLOWS; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER
AB A high-ozone (O-3) pollution episode was observed on 22 July 2014 during the concurrent Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) and Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) campaigns in northern Colorado. Surface O-3 monitors at three regulatory sites exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) daily maximum 8h average (MDA8) of 75ppbv. To further characterize the polluted air mass and assess transport throughout the event, measurements are presented from O-3 and wind profilers, O-3-sondes, aircraft, and surface-monitoring sites. Observations indicate that thermally driven upslope flow was established throughout the Colorado Front Range during the pollution episode. As the thermally driven flow persisted throughout the day, O-3 concentrations increased and affected high-elevation Rocky Mountain sites. These observations, coupled with modeling analyses, demonstrate a westerly return flow of polluted air aloft, indicating that the mountain-plains solenoid circulation was established and impacted surface conditions within the Front Range.
C1 [Sullivan, John T.; McGee, Thomas J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Langford, Andrew O.; Alvarez, Raul J., II; Senff, Christoph J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Senff, Christoph J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Reddy, Patrick J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Twigg, Laurence W.; Sumnicht, Grant K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Lee, Pius] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
[Weinheimer, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Knote, Christoph] Univ Munich, Meteorol Inst, Munich, Germany.
[Long, Russell W.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Hoff, Raymond M.] Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Hoff, Raymond M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Phys, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Sullivan, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM john.t.sullivan@nasa.gov
RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Thompson, Anne
/0000-0002-7829-0920;
FU UMBC/JCET [374, 8306]; Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE)
[U00P4400079]; NOAA-CREST CCNY Foundation [49173B-02]; NASA/USRA
Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA
DISCOVER-AQ [NNX10AR39G]; Pennsylvania State University; NASA
Tropospheric Chemistry Program; Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network
(TOLNet)
FX Unless otherwise noted, all data used in this study can be found in the
DISCOVER-AQ data archive
(http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/discover-aq/), the FRAPPE data
archive (http://catalog.eol.ucar.edu/frappe), or the TOLNet data archive
(http://www-air.larc.nasa.gov/missions/TOLNet/). This work was supported
by UMBC/JCET (task 374, project 8306), the Maryland Department of the
Environment (MDE, contract U00P4400079), and NOAA-CREST CCNY Foundation
(subcontract 49173B-02). This research was supported by an appointment
to the NASA/USRA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight
Center. The Platteville Nittany Atmospheric Trailer and Integrated
Validation Experiment (NATIVE) operations were sponsored by NASA
DISCOVER-AQ grant NNX10AR39G and the Pennsylvania State University. The
authors gratefully acknowledge support provided by the NASA Tropospheric
Chemistry Program and the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet).
Thanks to the helpfulness and expertise of Ryan Stauffer, Hannah
Halliday, and Nikolai Balashov, who worked with the NATIVE trailer at
Platteville. Thanks to Debra Wicks Kollonige for providing her insight
and recommendations on this work. Thanks to Kenneth Pickering, Yonhua
Tang, Li Pan, and Barry Baker for their expertise in evaluating and
managing the CMAQ model output. Thanks to Timothy Coleman (NOAA ESRL
PSD) for providing the Greeley wind profiles. Thanks to the NOAA
Physical Science Division for their continued efforts in managing the
instrumentation and site coordination necessary for this work from the
300 m BAO Tower. Finally, thanks to the CDPHE for the continued efforts
to obtain observations at the many remote and urban sites throughout the
region used in this work. The views, opinions, and findings contained in
this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an
official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 17
BP 10377
EP 10390
DI 10.1002/2016JD025229
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DY0YV
UT WOS:000384823000008
ER
PT J
AU McIntire, J
Moyer, D
Brown, SW
Lykke, KR
Waluschka, E
Oudrari, H
Xiong, XX
AF McIntire, Jeff
Moyer, David
Brown, Steven W.
Lykke, Keith R.
Waluschka, Eugene
Oudrari, Hassan
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
TI Monochromatic measurements of the JPSS-1 VIIRS polarization sensitivity
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; MODIS
AB Polarization sensitivity is a critical property that must be characterized for spaceborne remote sensing instruments designed to measure reflected solar radiation. Broadband testing of the first Joint Polar-orbiting Satellite System (JPSS-1) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) showed unexpectedly large polarization sensitivities for the bluest bands on VIIRS (centered between 400 and 600 nm). Subsequent ray trace modeling indicated that large diattenuation on the edges of the bandpass for these spectral bands was the driver behind these large sensitivities. Additional testing using the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Traveling Spectral Irradiance and Radiance Responsivity Calibrations Using Uniform Sources was added to the test program to verify and enhance the model. The testing was limited in scope to two spectral bands at two scan angles; nonetheless, this additional testing provided valuable insight into the polarization sensitivity. Analysis has shown that the derived diattenuation agreed with the broadband measurements to within an absolute difference of about 0.4% and that the ray trace model reproduced the general features of the measured data. Additionally, by deriving the spectral responsivity, the linear diattenuation is shown to be explicitly dependent on the changes in bandwidth with polarization state. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [McIntire, Jeff; Oudrari, Hassan] Sci Syst Applicat Int, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Moyer, David] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
[Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Waluschka, Eugene; Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP McIntire, J (reprint author), Sci Syst Applicat Int, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
EM jeffrey.mcintire@ssaihq.com
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 27
BP 7444
EP 7454
DI 10.1364/AO.55.007444
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DW9QO
UT WOS:000383996900001
PM 27661568
ER
PT J
AU Sun, JQ
Xiong, XX
Waluschka, E
Wang, MH
AF Sun, Junqiang
Xiong, Xiaoxiong
Waluschka, Eugene
Wang, Menghua
TI Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging
Radiometer Suite polarization sensitivity analysis
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; CALIBRATION; SPECTRORADIOMETER; PERFORMANCE;
DIFFUSER
AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of five instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite that launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on October 28, 2011. It is a whiskbroom radiometer that provides +/- 56.28 degrees scans of the Earth view. It has 22 bands, among which 14 are reflective solar bands (RSBs). The RSBs cover a wavelength range from 410 to 2250 nm. The RSBs of a remote sensor are usually sensitive to the polarization of incident light. For VIIRS, it is specified that the polarization factor should be smaller than 3% for 410 and 862 nm bands and 2.5% for other RSBs for the scan angle within +/- 45 degrees. Several polarization sensitivity tests were performed prelaunch for SNPP VIIRS. The first few tests either had large uncertainty or were less reliable, while the last one was believed to provide the more accurate information about the polarization property of the instrument. In this paper, the measured data in the last polarization sensitivity test are analyzed, and the polarization factors and phase angles are derived from the measurements for all the RSBs. The derived polarization factors and phase angles are band, detector, and scan angle dependent. For near-infrared bands, they also depend on the half-angle mirror side. Nevertheless, the derived polarization factors are all within the specification, although the strong detector dependence of the polarization parameters was not expected. Compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on both Aqua and Terra satellites, the polarization effect on VIIRS RSB is much smaller. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Waluschka, Eugene] NASA, Sci & Explorat Directorate, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Sun, JQ (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol, 7855 Walker Dr,Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
EM junqiang.sun@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Joint Polar Satellite System
FX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Joint Polar Satellite
System.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 27
BP 7645
EP 7658
DI 10.1364/AO.55.007645
PG 14
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DW9QO
UT WOS:000383996900027
PM 27661594
ER
PT J
AU Armitage, PJ
Eisner, JA
Simon, JB
AF Armitage, Philip J.
Eisner, Josh A.
Simon, Jacob B.
TI PROMPT PLANETESIMAL FORMATION BEYOND THE SNOW LINE
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion; accretion disks; instabilities; planets and satellites:
formation; protoplanetary disks
ID PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; GIANT PLANETS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; STREAMING
INSTABILITIES; DUST COAGULATION; SOLAR-SYSTEM; KUIPER-BELT; ACCRETION;
EVOLUTION; WATER
AB We develop a simple model to predict the radial distribution of planetesimal formation. The model is based on the observed growth of dust to millimeter-sized particles, which drift radially, pile-up, and form planetesimals where the stopping time and dust-to-gas ratio intersect the allowed region for streaming instability-induced gravitational collapse. Using an approximate analytic treatment, we first show that drifting particles define a track in metallicity-stopping time space whose only substantial dependence is on the disk's angular momentum transport efficiency. Prompt planetesimal formation is feasible for high particle accretion rates (relative to the gas, (M) over dot(p)/(M) over dot greater than or similar to 3 x 10(-2) for alpha = 10(-2)), which could only be sustained for a limited period of time. If it is possible, it would lead to the deposition of a broad and massive belt of planetesimals with a sharp outer edge. Numerically including turbulent diffusion and vapor condensation processes, we find that a modest enhancement of solids near the snow line occurs for centimeter-sized particles, but that this is largely immaterial for planetesimal formation. We note that radial drift couples planetesimal formation across radii in the disk, and suggest that considerations of planetesimal formation favor a model in which the initial deposition of material for giant planet cores occurs well beyond the snow line.
C1 [Armitage, Philip J.; Eisner, Josh A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Armitage, Philip J.; Eisner, Josh A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Eisner, Josh A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Simon, Jacob B.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM pja@jilau1.colorado.edu
FU NASA [NNX13AI58G, NNX16AB42G]; NSF AAG grant AST [1313021]; NSF AAG
grant [1211329]; California Institute of Technology (Caltech); Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program
FX P.J.A. thanks Cathie Clarke and the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge,
for hospitality, and acknowledges support from NASA through grants
NNX13AI58G and NNX16AB42G, and from NSF AAG grant AST 1313021. J.A.E.
acknowledges support from NSF AAG grant 1211329. J.B.S.'s support was
provided in part under contract with the California Institute of
Technology (Caltech) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), funded by
NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet
Science Institute.
NR 41
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
EI 2041-8213
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 828
IS 1
AR L2
DI 10.3847/2041-8205/828/1/L2
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DW9MZ
UT WOS:000383985500002
ER
PT J
AU Vassilev, A
Staples, R
AF Vassilev, Apostol
Staples, Robert
TI Entropy as a Service: Unlocking Cryptography's Full Potential
SO COMPUTER
LA English
DT Article
AB Securing the Internet requires strong cryptography, which depends on good entropy for generating unpredictable keys. Entropy as a service provides entropy from a decentralized root of trust, scaling across diverse geopolitical locales and remaining trustworthy unless much of the collective is compromised.
C1 [Vassilev, Apostol; Staples, Robert] NIST, Secur Testing Validat & Measurement Grp, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vassilev, A (reprint author), NIST, Secur Testing Validat & Measurement Grp, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM apostol.vassilev@nist.gov; robert.staples@nist.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 0018-9162
EI 1558-0814
J9 COMPUTER
JI Computer
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 9
BP 98
EP 102
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA DX1MX
UT WOS:000384132600015
PM 28003687
ER
PT J
AU Charnotskii, M
Ermakov, S
Ostrovsky, L
Shomina, O
AF Charnotskii, Mikhail
Ermakov, Stanislav
Ostrovsky, Lev
Shomina, Olga
TI Effect of film slicks on near-surface wind
SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Internal boundary layer; Oil slick; Surface roughness; Wind profile
ID SEA-SURFACE; AIR-FLOW; WAVES; ROUGHNESS; HEIGHT; TURBULENCE; GROWTH;
MODEL
AB The transient effects of horizontal variation of sea-surface wave roughness due to surfactant films on near-surface turbulent wind are studied theoretically and experimentally. Here we suggest two practical schemes for calculating variations of wind velocity profiles near the water surface, the average short-wave roughness of which is varying in space and time when a film slick is present. The schemes are based on a generalized two-layer model of turbulent air flow over a rough surface and on the solution of the continuous model involving the equation for turbulent kinetic energy of the air flow. Wave tank studies of wind flow over wind waves in the presence of film slicks are described and compared with theory. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA.
[Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ermakov, Stanislav; Ostrovsky, Lev; Shomina, Olga] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia.
[Ostrovsky, Lev] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ostrovsky, Lev] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Shomina, O (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia.
EM stas.ermakov@hydro.appl.sci-nnov.ru; seamka@yandex.ru
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-05-00876, 14-05-31535,
15-35-20992, 15-45-02690]
FX The work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(Projects No. 14-05-00876, 14-05-31535, 15-35-20992, 15-45-02690).
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0265
EI 1872-6879
J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS
JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 75
BP 118
EP 128
DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2016.08.003
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
GA DX4WJ
UT WOS:000384381500009
ER
PT J
AU Colabuono, FI
Pol, SSV
Huncik, KM
Taniguchi, S
Petry, MV
Kucklick, JR
Montone, RC
AF Colabuono, Fernanda I.
Pol, Stacy S. Vander
Huncik, Kevin M.
Taniguchi, Satie
Petry, Maria V.
Kucklick, John R.
Montone, Rosalinda C.
TI Persistent organic pollutants in blood samples of Southern Giant Petrels
(Macronectes giganteus) from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Procellariiformes; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Organochlorine pesticides;
Seabirds; Elephant Island; Livingston Island
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; GLAUCOUS GULLS; ORGANOCHLORINE
CONTAMINANTS; LARUS-HYPERBOREUS; ORGANOHALOGEN CONTAMINANTS; TROPHIC
SEGREGATION; TEMPORAL TRENDS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; ADELIE PENGUIN; FOOD-WEB
AB Seabirds play an important role as top consumers in the food web and can be used as biomonitors of exposure to pollutants. Contamination studies involving non-destructive sampling methods are of considerable importance, allowing better evaluation of the levels of pollutants and their toxic effects. In the present study, organohalogen contaminants were analyzed in 113 blood samples from Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) adults and chicks collected in the austral summer of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 from colonies on Elephant and Livingston Islands, South Shetland, Antarctica. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), mirex, dichlorodiphenyltri-chloroetane and derivatives (DDTs) and chlordanes were detected in all birds, whereas polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were not detected in any blood samples. No significant differences were found in organochlorine levels between sampling events. Adults exhibited significantly higher levels than chicks, except for PeCB. PCBs, HCB, mirex and DDTs were statistically similar in males and females from Elephant Island. Females on Livingston Island exhibited higher HCB values than males, but no sex differences were found regarding other organochlorines. The similarity in organochlorine levels between sexes in birds with very marked sexual segregation in feeding habits during the breeding season may indicate that significant amounts of contaminants are acquired during migration to lower latitudes, when the diets of males and females are similar. Birds sampled on Livingston Island exhibited significantly lower levels of PCBs, HCB, DDTs, mirex and chlordanes in comparison to those on Elephant Island, which could be the result of distinct foraging patterns between the two colonies. Organochlorine levels were similar between years in birds captured in two consecutive breeding seasons. Blood samples from Southern Giant Petrels adults and chicks proved to be useful for the comparison of intraspecific contamination levels and appear to be adequate for the long-term assessment of organohalogen contaminants in antarctic top predators.
Organochlorine contaminants in blood samples of Southern Giant Petrels reflected intra-specific differences and suggested distinct foraging patterns between colonies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Colabuono, Fernanda I.; Taniguchi, Satie; Montone, Rosalinda C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Lab Quim Organ Marinha, Praca Oceanog 191, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
[Pol, Stacy S. Vander; Huncik, Kevin M.; Kucklick, John R.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Petry, Maria V.] Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Lab Ornitol & Anim, Marinhos 950, BR-93022000 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.
RP Colabuono, FI (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Lab Quim Organ Marinha, Praca Oceanog 191, BR-05508120 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
EM ficolabuono@gmail.com
RI Montone, Rosalinda/J-9110-2012
OI Montone, Rosalinda/0000-0002-9586-1000
FU Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR) [CNPq 574018/2008-5, FAPERJ
E-16/170023/2008]; Brazilian Secretary of the Inter-Ministry on Marine
Resources (SECIRM); Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp)
[2012/24218-2]
FX This study is part of the National Science and Technology Institute on
Antarctic Environmental Research (INCT-APA - CNPq 574018/2008-5 and
FAPERJ E-16/170023/2008) funded by the Brazilian Antarctic Program
(PROANTAR). Logistical support was provided by the Brazilian Secretary
of the Inter-Ministry on Marine Resources (SECIRM). The authors are
thankful to the Hollings Marine Laboratory [National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) Chemical Sciences Division] where the
organic contaminant analyses of the blood samples of Southern Giant
Petrels were performed. We also thank the team of Laboratory of
Ornithology and Marine Animals (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos).
F.I. Colabuono received a research grant from the Sao Paulo Research
Foundation (Fapesp) (2012/24218-2).
NR 70
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
EI 1873-6424
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 216
BP 38
EP 45
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.041
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DW8UH
UT WOS:000383930500005
PM 27235927
ER
PT J
AU Hester, MW
Willis, JM
Rouhani, S
Steinhoff, MA
Baker, MC
AF Hester, Mark W.
Willis, Jonathan M.
Rouhani, Shahrokh
Steinhoff, Marla A.
Baker, Mary C.
TI Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the salt marsh vegetation
of Louisiana
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; NRDA; Injury; Salt marsh; Louisiana
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CRUDE-OIL;
RECOVERY; BRACKISH; SCIENCE; GROWTH; RULES
AB The coastal Wetland vegetation component of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment documented significant injury to the plant production and health of Louisiana salt marshes exposed to oiling. Specifically, marsh sites experiencing trace or greater vertical oiling of plant tissues displayed reductions in cover and peak standing crop relative to reference (no oiling), particularly in the marsh edge zone, for the majority of this four year study. Similarly, elevated chlorosis of plant tissue, as estimated by a vegetation health index, was detected for marsh sites with trace or greater vertical oiling in the first two years of the study. Key environmental factors, such as hydrologic regime, elevation, and soil characteristics, were generally similar across plant oiling classes (including reference), indicating that the observed injury to plant production and health was the result of plant oiling and not potential differences in environmental setting. Although fewer significant impacts to plant production and health were detected in the latter years of the study, this is due in part to decreased sample size occurring as a result of erosion (shoreline retreat) and resultant loss of plots, and should not be misconstrued as indicating full recovery of the ecosystem. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Hester, Mark W.; Willis, Jonathan M.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Inst Coastal & Water Res, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA.
[Rouhani, Shahrokh] NewFields Co LLC, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA.
[Steinhoff, Marla A.; Baker, Mary C.] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hester, MW (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Inst Coastal & Water Res, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA.
EM mhester@louisiana.edu
NR 41
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 18
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
EI 1873-6424
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 216
BP 361
EP 370
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.065
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DW8UH
UT WOS:000383930500039
PM 27299994
ER
PT J
AU Cutter, GR
Stierhoff, KL
Demer, DA
AF Cutter, George R., Jr.
Stierhoff, Kevin L.
Demer, David A.
TI Remote sensing of habitat characteristics using echo metrics and
image-based seabed classes
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic backscatter; benthic; demersal; echosounder; habitat; k nearest
neighbours; model; roughness; ROV; slope; supervised classification;
validation images
ID MULTIPLE-FREQUENCY METHOD; SINGLE-BEAM; DEEP-WATER; SURFICIAL GEOLOGY;
FEATURE-SELECTION; BENTHIC HABITAT; FLOOR SUBSTRATE; SCOTIAN SHELF;
CLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS
AB The seabed can be classified using data from vertical, split-beam echosounders. This was demonstrated recently using a model parameterized with acoustic estimates of slope, roughness, normal-incidence backscattering strength, and variation of backscattering strength by frequency and incidence angle. These seabed classifications were interpreted and validated using published surficial geology maps, but the acoustic data indicated greater spatial variability. Here, classifications of sediment grain or feature size are ascribed to areas similar to 10 m(2). First, images of the seabed in the study area are ascribed, based on per cent coverage, to seven primary classes ranging from mud through high-relief rock, and 25 primary-secondary classes. Then, a refined seabed classifier, based on the acoustic model parameters is trained, using a nearest-neighbours algorithm, on a subset of the class data. The classifier accurately predicts 96% of the primary classes, and 93% of the primary-secondary classes from an independent data subset. These methods should be useful for characterizing, mapping, and quantifying potential seabed habitat domains of demersal fish and benthic invertebrates.
C1 [Cutter, George R., Jr.; Stierhoff, Kevin L.; Demer, David A.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Cutter, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM george.cutter@noaa.gov
RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013
OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312
NR 49
TC 1
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U1 6
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 8
BP 1965
EP 1974
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw024
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UK
UT WOS:000384300700003
ER
PT J
AU Simonsen, KA
Ressler, PH
Rooper, CN
Zador, SG
AF Simonsen, Kirsten A.
Ressler, Patrick H.
Rooper, Christopher N.
Zador, Stephani G.
TI Spatio-temporal distribution of euphausiids: an important component to
understanding ecosystem processes in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern
Bering Sea
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustics; Bering Sea; euphausiids; generalized additive models; Gulf of
Alaska; pollock
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EVALUATING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES;
OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; NORTHERN GULF; WALLEYE POLLOCK;
ANTARCTIC KRILL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEGANYCTIPHANES-NORVEGICA; ZOOPLANKTON
ABUNDANCE; VARIABILITY
AB Euphausiids (principally Thysanoessa spp.) are found in high abundance in both the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). They are an important part of these cold-water coastal and pelagic ecosystems as a key prey item for many species, including marine mammals, seabirds, and fish, forming an ecological link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Acoustic-trawl (AT) survey methods provide a means of monitoring euphausiid abundance and distribution over a large spatial scale. Four years of AT and bottom-trawl survey data (2003, 2005, 2011, and 2013) were available from consistently sampled areas around Kodiak Island, including Shelikof Strait, Barnabas Trough, and Chiniak Trough. We identified euphausiid backscatter using relative frequency response and targeted trawling, and created an annual index of abundance for euphausiids. This index has broad application, including use in the stock assessments for GOA wall eye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and other species, as an ecosystem indicator, and to inform ecological research. We then used generalized additive models (GAMs) to examine the relationship between relative euphausiid abundance and potential predictors, including pollock abundance, temperature, bottom depth, and primary production. Model results were compared with an updated GAM of euphausiid abundance from the EBS to determine if the factors driving abundance and distribution were consistent between both systems. Temperature was not a strong predictor of euphausiid abundance in the GOA as in the EBS; warmer temperatures and lack of seasonal ice cover in the GOA may be a key difference between these ecosystems. Pollock abundance was significant in both the GOA and the EBS models, but was not a strongly negative predictor of euphausiid abundance in either system, a result not consistent with top-down control of euphausiid abundance.
C1 [Simonsen, Kirsten A.; Ressler, Patrick H.; Rooper, Christopher N.; Zador, Stephani G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Simonsen, Kirsten A.] Natl Res Council Res Associateship Programs, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
RP Simonsen, KA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Simonsen, KA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Res Associateship Programs, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
EM kirsten.simonsen@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board [1208, 577]; NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science
Centre (NOAA-AFSC)
FX This study, including a National Research Council (NRC) post-doctoral
appointment for K. Simonsen, was supported by the North Pacific Research
Board (Project 1208, publication number 577) and the NOAA Alaska
Fisheries Science Centre (NOAA-AFSC). It was improved by the comments of
S. Barbeaux, A. De Robertis, and M. Dorn. The recommendations and
general content presented in this paper do not necessarily represent the
views or official position of the US Department of Commerce, the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the National Marine
Fisheries Service.
NR 78
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U1 13
U2 13
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 8
BP 2020
EP 2036
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv272
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UK
UT WOS:000384300700008
ER
PT J
AU Wall, CC
Jech, JM
McLean, SJ
AF Wall, Carrie C.
Jech, J. Michael
McLean, Susan J.
TI Increasing the accessibility of acoustic data through global access and
imagery
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE data visualization; marine acoustics; single-beam echosounders; water
column sonar data
ID FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; ECHOSOUNDER; SCATTERERS; BIOMASS; NOISE; FISH
AB The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uses water column sonar data to assess physical and biological characteristics from the ocean surface to the seabed. Acoustic surveys produce large volumes of data that can deliver valuable information beyond their original collection purpose if the data are properly managed, discoverable, and accessible to the public. NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, in partnership with NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Colorado, have created a national archive for water column sonar data to help achieve these goals. Through these efforts, over 21 TB of sonar data are now publicly available. Rawsonar files are difficult to interpret due to their size, complexity, and proprietary format. In order for users to understand the quality and composition of large volumes of archived data more easily, several visualization products were explored. Three processing methods were applied to multifrequency single-beam data (Simrad EK60) collected off the US northwest coast between 2007 and 2013. One method illustrates these complex data in a single image using a novel colour scale [multifrequency single-beam imaging (MFSBI)], another examines the nautical area scattering coefficients between two frequencies (Delta NASC), and the third indices the data into acoustic classifications [multifrequency indicator (MFI)]. The ability to apply the algorithms efficiently to multiyear datasets was explored. MFSBI proved effective at conveying the composition of the data and was easily adaptable to automated processing. Delta NASC, which required manual seabed corrections, illustrated a generalized pattern for changes in the water column across the shelf. MFI provided an empirically based statistical approach but will require more effort in the near term to evaluate and assess the accuracy and precision of each classification. Overall, spatio-temporal patterns of the acoustic backscatter identified large interannual variations in composition with the continental shelf break often playing a key role in attracting biological assemblages.
C1 [Wall, Carrie C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wall, Carrie C.; McLean, Susan J.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jech, J. Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Wall, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Wall, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM carrie.bell@colorado.edu
FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service; NOAA National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service
FX This project was funded by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
and NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service. The authors thank Charles Anderson for providing the data from
the NOAA NCEI water column sonar data archive. Any use of trade names
does not imply endorsement by NOAA.
NR 35
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 8
BP 2093
EP 2103
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw014
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UK
UT WOS:000384300700014
ER
PT J
AU Wetzel, CR
Punt, AE
AF Wetzel, Chantel R.
Punt, Andre E.
TI The impact of alternative rebuilding strategies to rebuild overfished
stocks
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE management strategy evaluation; rebuilding; simulation; US West Coast
ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; EVALUATING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; POLLOCK
THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; RECRUITMENT;
POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; ECOSYSTEM; RECOVERY
AB Ending overfishing and rebuilding fish stocks to levels that provide for optimum sustainable yield is a concern for fisheries management worldwide. In the United States, fisheries managers are legally mandated to end overfishing and to implement rebuilding plans for fish stocks that fall below minimum stock size thresholds. Rebuilding plans should lead to recovery to target stock sizes within 10 years, except in situations where the life history of the stock or environmental conditions dictate otherwise. Federally managed groundfish species along the US West Coast have diverse life histories where some are able to rebuild quickly from overfished status, while others, specifically rockfish (Sebastes spp.), may require decades for rebuilding. A management strategy evaluation which assumed limited estimation error was conducted to evaluate the performance of alternative strategies for rebuilding overfished stocks for these alternative US West Coast life histories. Generally, the results highlight the trade-off between the reduction of catches during rebuilding vs. the length of rebuilding. The most precautionary rebuilding plans requiring the greatest harvest reduction resulted in higher average catches over the entire projection period compared with strategies that required a longer rebuilding period with less of a reduction in rebuilding catch. Attempting to maintain a 50% probability of rebuilding was the poorest performing rebuilding strategy for all life histories, resulting in a large number of changes to the rebuilding plan, increased frequency of failing to meet rebuilding targets, and higher variation in catch. The rebuilding plans that implemented a higher initial rebuilding probability (>= 60%) for determining rebuilding fishing mortality and targets generally resulted in fewer changes to the rebuilding plans and rebuilt by the target rebuilding year, particularly for stocks with the longer rebuilding plans (e.g. rockfishes).
C1 [Wetzel, Chantel R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Wetzel, Chantel R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Wetzel, CR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.; Wetzel, CR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM chantel.wetzel@noaa.gov
NR 30
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Z9 0
U1 21
U2 21
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 2190
EP 2207
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw073
PG 18
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UY
UT WOS:000384302300009
ER
PT J
AU Woillez, M
Walline, PD
Ianelli, JN
Dorn, MW
Wilson, CD
Punt, AE
AF Woillez, Mathieu
Walline, Paul D.
Ianelli, James N.
Dorn, Martin W.
Wilson, Christopher D.
Punt, Andre E.
TI Evaluating total uncertainty for biomass- and abundance-at-age estimates
from eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock acoustic-trawl surveys
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic-trawl surveys; biomass and abundance estimates; geostatistics;
stock assessment; uncertainty evaluation
ID GEOSTATISTICAL SIMULATIONS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SPATIAL
DISTRIBUTIONS; FISH ABUNDANCE; PELAGIC FISH; FISHERIES; ERROR
AB A comprehensive evaluation of the uncertainty of acoustic-trawl survey estimates is needed to appropriately include them in stock assessments. However, this evaluation is not straightforward because various data types (acoustic backscatter, length, weight, and age composition) are combined to produce estimates of abundance-and biomass-at-age. Uncertainties associated with each data type and those from functional relationships among variables need to be evaluated and combined. Uncertainty due to spatial sampling is evaluated using geostatistical conditional (co-) simulations. Multiple realizations of acoustic backscatter were produced using transformed Gaussian simulations with a Gibbs sampler to handle zeros. Multiple realizations of length frequency distributions were produced using transformed multivariate Gaussian co-simulations derived from quantiles of the empirical length distributions. Uncertainty due to errors in functional relationships was evaluated using bootstrap for the target strength-at-length and the weight-at-length relationships and for age-length keys. The contribution of each of these major sources of uncertainty was assessed for acoustic-trawl surveys of walleye pollock in the eastern Bering Sea in 2006-2010. This simulation framework allows a general computation for estimating abundance-and biomass-at-age variance-covariance matrices. Such estimates suggest that the covariance structure assumed in fitting stock assessment models differs substantially from what careful analysis of survey data actually indicate.
C1 [Woillez, Mathieu; Walline, Paul D.; Ianelli, James N.; Dorn, Martin W.; Wilson, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Woillez, Mathieu; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Woillez, Mathieu] IFREMER, Sci & Technol Halieut, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
RP Woillez, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Woillez, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Woillez, M (reprint author), IFREMER, Sci & Technol Halieut, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
EM mathieu.woillez@ifremer.fr
OI Woillez, Mathieu/0000-0002-1032-2105
FU NOAA Stock Assessment Analytical Methods project [0004]
FX Data used were provided by the Resource Assessment and Conservation
Engineering Division of the Alaska Fishery Science Center (NOAA).
Funding for the work was provided by NOAA Stock Assessment Analytical
Methods project #0004. The findings and conclusions in the paper are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA,
National Marine Fisheries Service. We thank Pierre Petitgas for helpful
discussions. The authors also thank the three anonymous reviewers and
the editor, Richard O'Driscoll, for their constructive comments that
helped improve the manuscript.
NR 37
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U1 5
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 2208
EP 2226
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw054
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UY
UT WOS:000384302300010
ER
PT J
AU Laurel, BJ
Knoth, BA
Ryer, CH
AF Laurel, Benjamin J.
Knoth, Brian A.
Ryer, Clifford H.
TI Growth, mortality, and recruitment signals in age-0 gadids settling in
coastal Gulf of Alaska
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE juvenile cod; nursery habitat; Pacific cod; saffron cod; settlement
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA;
WALLEYE POLLOCK; BERING-SEA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; LEPIDOPSETTA-POLYXYSTRA; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; DEPENDENT
GROWTH
AB Age-0 juveniles may be the earliest, reliable indicators of recruitment into commercial marine fisheries, but independent fisheries assessments are usually conducted on older life stages in adult habitats. We used an 8 year juvenile gadid survey along the coast of Kodiak, Alaska to examine annual abundance, growth and mortality in age-0 Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), with comparisons to saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) where possible. Annual abundance of age-0 fish was positively correlated among all three species, suggesting Pacific gadids respond similarly to processes controlling pre-settlement survival and/or delivery to coastal nurseries. In Pacific cod, June temperature was positively correlated with size-at-settlement but post-settlement growth was density-rather than temperature-dependent. Age-0 abundance indices for Pacific and saffron cod predicted the number of age-1 fish the following year (i.e. positive "recruitment signals"), but only in the larger nursery (Anton Larsen Bay) where age-1 gadids were more likely to remain resident after their first year. Recruitment signals for Pacific cod improved with later estimates of age-0 abundance, likely because of high mortality following settlement in July. In contrast, very few age-0 and age-1 walleye pollock were caught across the entire time-series of the survey. Collectively, these data suggest that nearshore surveys may be a tractable means of examining early life history processes and assessing year-class strength in juvenile Pacific and saffron cod, but have relatively low value in understanding the population dynamics of walleye pollock.
C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Ryer, Clifford H.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Knoth, Brian A.] NOAA, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov
FU Habitat and Ecological Processes Research (HEPR) Programme from Alaska
Regional Office of NOAA
FX This project was supported with funding from the Habitat and Ecological
Processes Research (HEPR) Programme from the Alaska Regional Office of
NOAA. We thank R. Gregory, T. Hurst, and I. Bradbury for reviewing
earlier drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also to Christina Conrath,
Scott Haines, Paul Iseri, Eric Munk, Mara Spencer, and Allan Stoner for
providing assistance in the field. Boat charters were provided by Tim
Tripp and Jan Axel. We also thank Alena Pribyl, Louise Copeman, and
Courtney Danley for assistance with video analysis.
NR 56
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 2227
EP 2237
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw039
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UY
UT WOS:000384302300011
ER
PT J
AU Bradbury, IR
Hamilton, LC
Sheehan, TF
Chaput, G
Robertson, MJ
Dempson, JB
Reddin, D
Morris, V
King, T
Bernatchez, L
AF Bradbury, Ian R.
Hamilton, Lorraine C.
Sheehan, Timothy F.
Chaput, Gerald
Robertson, Martha J.
Dempson, J. Brian
Reddin, David
Morris, Vicki
King, Timothy
Bernatchez, Louis
TI Genetic mixed-stock analysis disentangles spatial and temporal variation
in composition of the West Greenland Atlantic Salmon fishery
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic salmon; genetic mixed-stock analysis; Greenland
ID MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; SALAR L.;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; ST-LAWRENCE; ORIGIN;
BIOCOMPLEXITY; CONSERVATION; CONTINENT
AB The West Greenland Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) fishery represents the largest remaining mixed-stock fishery for Atlantic Salmon in the Northwest Atlantic and targets multi-sea-winter (MSW) salmon from throughout North America and Europe. We evaluated stock composition of salmon harvested in the waters off West Greenland (n = 5684 individuals) using genetic mixture analysis and individual assignment to inform conservation of North American populations, many of which are failing to meet management targets. Regional contributions to this fishery were estimated using 2169 individuals sampled throughout the fishery between 2011 and 2014. Of these, 22% were identified as European in origin. Major North American contributions were detected from Labrador (similar to 20%), the Southern Gulf/Cape Breton (29%), and the Gaspe Peninsula (29%). Minor contributions (similar to 5%) were detected from Newfoundland, Ungava, and Quebec regions. Region-specific catches were extrapolated using estimates of composition and fishery catch logs and harvests ranged from 300 to 600 and 2000 to 3000 individuals for minor and major constituents, respectively. To evaluate the temporal stability of the observed fishery composition, we extended the temporal coverage through the inclusion of previously published data (1995-2006, n = 3095) and data from archived scales (1968-1998, n = 420). Examination of the complete time-series (47 years) suggests relative stability in stock proportions since the late 1980s. Genetic estimates of stock composition were significantly associated with model-based estimates of returning MSW salmon (individual years r = 0.69, and overall mean r = 0.96). This work demonstrates that the analysis of both contemporary and archived samples in a mixed-stock context can disentangle levels of regional exploitation and directly inform assessment and conservation of Atlantic Salmon in the West Greenland interceptory Atlantic Salmon fishery.
C1 [Bradbury, Ian R.; Robertson, Martha J.; Dempson, J. Brian; Reddin, David; Morris, Vicki] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
[Hamilton, Lorraine C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
[Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Chaput, Gerald] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Reg, Ctr Sci Advice, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada.
[King, Timothy] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA.
[Bernatchez, Louis] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, IBIS, 1030 Ave Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.
RP Bradbury, IR (reprint author), Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, 80 East White Hills Rd, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
EM ibradbur@me.com
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 2311
EP 2321
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw072
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UY
UT WOS:000384302300018
ER
PT J
AU Portnoy, DS
Hollenbeck, CM
Bethea, DM
Frazier, BS
Gelsleichter, J
Gold, JR
AF Portnoy, David S.
Hollenbeck, Christopher M.
Bethea, Dana M.
Frazier, Bryan S.
Gelsleichter, Jim
Gold, John R.
TI Population structure, gene flow, and historical demography of a small
coastal shark (Carcharhinus isodon) in US waters of the Western Atlantic
Ocean
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE elasmobranch; fine-scale structure; post-glacial expansion
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FINETOOTH SHARK; MICROSATELLITE DATA; STATISTICAL TESTS;
RE-IMPLEMENTATION; GLACIAL REFUGIA; BLACKTIP SHARK; LIFE-HISTORY; DNA
ANALYSES; MARINE
AB Patterns of population structure, genetic demographics, and gene flow in the small coastal shark Carcharhinus isodon (finetooth shark) sampled from two discrete nurseries along the southeastern US coast (Atlantic) and three nurseries in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf), were assessed using 16 nuclear-encoded microsatellites and 1077 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Significant heterogeneity in microsatellite allele distributions was detected among all localities except between the two in the Atlantic. Significant heterogeneity in mtDNA haplotypes was not detected, a result likely due to extremely low mtDNA diversity. The genetic discontinuities combined with seasonal movement patterns, a patchy distribution of appropriate nursery habitat, the apparent absence of sex-biased gene flow, and the occurrence of mating in the vicinity of nursery areas, suggest that both male and female finetooth sharks display regional philopatry to discrete nursery areas. Global and local tests of neutrality, using mtDNA haplotypes, and demographic model testing, using Approximate Bayesian Computation of microsatellite alleles, supported a range-wide expansion of finetooth sharks into US waters occurring less than similar to 9000 years ago. These findings add to the growing number of studies in a variety of coastally distributed marine fishes documenting significant barriers to gene flow around peninsular Florida and in the eastern Gulf. The findings also provide further evidence that the traditional model of behavioural ecology, based on large coastal sharks, may not be appropriate for understanding and conserving small coastal sharks.
C1 [Portnoy, David S.; Hollenbeck, Christopher M.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
[Bethea, Dana M.] NOAA, Fisheries SEFSC Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Frazier, Bryan S.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Gelsleichter, Jim] Univ North Florida, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.
RP Portnoy, DS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
EM david.portnoy@tamucc.edu
FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA11NMF4540119, NA12NMF4540080];
Highly Migratory Species Division of the National Marine Fisheries
Service; Harte Research Institute
FX We thank M. Ajemian (Florida Atlantic University), G. Stunz (Harte
Research Institute), M. Drymon (Dauphin Island Sea Lab), A. Brown and M.
McCallister (University of North Florida), J. Bauman and S. Bauman
(fishers), A. Shaw and E. Vinyard (South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources), and the many interns and volunteers of the NOAA (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Fisheries Shark Population
Assessment Group for assistance in procuring tissue samples. We also
thank M. Giresi and A. Barker (Texas A&M University) for assistance in
the laboratory. Finally, we would like to thank W. Stewart Grant and two
anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Work was
supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service under Cooperative
Research Grants (NA11NMF4540119 and NA12NMF4540080). Funding for the
GULFSPAN Survey was provided in part by the Highly Migratory Species
Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service, and partial funding
for CMH was provided by the Harte Research Institute. This article is
publication number 12 of the Marine Genomics Laboratory at Texas A&M
University-Corpus Christi, number 106 in the series Genetic Studies in
Marine Fishes, and contribution 748 of the South Carolina Marine
Resources Center.
NR 65
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U2 14
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 2322
EP 2332
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw098
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DX3UY
UT WOS:000384302300019
ER
PT J
AU Williams, D
AF Williams, Dylan
TI The MTT-S Budget Committee-Balancing Income and Expenses
SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Williams, Dylan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Williams, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM dylan.williams@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1527-3342
EI 1557-9581
J9 IEEE MICROW MAG
JI IEEE Microw. Mag.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 17
IS 9
BP 64
EP 66
DI 10.1109/MMM.2016.2580323
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA DX1MD
UT WOS:000384130600007
ER
PT J
AU Kim, S
Novotny, D
Gordon, JA
Guerrieri, JR
AF Kim, Sung
Novotny, David
Gordon, Joshua A.
Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.
TI A Free-Space Measurement Method for the Low-Loss Dielectric
Characterization Without Prior Need for Sample Thickness Data
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bistatic scattering; dielectric permittivity; free-space measurement
method; fringing spectra; low-loss materials; millimeter-wave (MMW)
measurements; scattering parameter envelopes
ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES;
TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE; REFLECTION SPECTRUM; THIN-FILM; PARAMETERS;
PERMITTIVITY
AB A free-space measurement method is presented for the characterization of low-loss dielectric materials at millimeter-wave frequencies that does not require any assumption of a priori knowledge of the sample thickness. The method first employs only maximal and minimal envelopes of measured transmission scattering parameters to determine the real part epsilon(r)' of the permittivity of test materials. Subsequently, the thickness of the sample is estimated from epsilon(r)' and frequencies for maximal and minimal peaks of the transmission scattering parameter. The calculation of the imaginary part e(r)'' of the permittivity then easily follows. Our method is examined by measuring two cross-linked polystyrene samples, one polytetrafluoroethylene sample and one polymethylpentene sample in the frequency range of 220-325 GHz at the incident angles of 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees. Moreover, an explicit uncertainty analysis for the permittivity is derived, and uncertainties of the extracted complex permittivity are reported.
C1 [Kim, Sung; Novotny, David; Gordon, Joshua A.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kim, S (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sung.x.kim@nist.gov; david.novotny@nist.gov; josh.gordon@nist.gov;
jeffrey.guerrieri@nist.gov
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Albuquerque, NM, USA.
NR 24
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U1 6
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-926X
EI 1558-2221
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 64
IS 9
BP 3869
EP 3879
DI 10.1109/TAP.2016.2587745
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA DW9UX
UT WOS:000384009300015
ER
PT J
AU Papazian, PB
Gentile, C
Remley, KA
Senic, J
Golmie, N
AF Papazian, Peter B.
Gentile, Camillo
Remley, Kate A.
Senic, Jelena
Golmie, Nada
TI A Radio Channel Sounder for Mobile Millimeter-Wave Communications:
System Implementation and Measurement Assessment
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cellular communication; channel sounder; millimeter-wave (mm-wave)
communication; propagation channel; system-level measurement; wireless
system
ID 60 GHZ; PROPAGATION; MODEL; 5G
AB We describe a state-of-the-art channel sounder to support channel-model development for mobile millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications. The system can measure the complex amplitude, delay, and angle of arrival of the multipath components of indoor and outdoor channels. Specifically, a custom multiplexer (MUX) records the channel impulse response across a 16-element receive (RX) antenna array in 65.5 mu s, while the channel is static. The delay resolution of the system is 1 ns and, because the elements are oriented in a 3-D space, both azimuth and elevation angles can be extracted. The robust link budget, comprising high-gain directional RX antennas, enables indoor link measurement beyond 150 m in line-of-sight and 20 m in non-line-of-sight conditions. The RX array is mounted on a location-aware robot, which is battery operated. Combined with the speed of the MUX, untethered acquisition of mobile-channel data is possible. To the best of our knowledge, this paper contributes the first sounder that is capable of mobile measurements at mm-wave frequencies. The hardware implementation of a functional 83.5-GHz system is described in this paper, and some illustrative results, including small-scale statistics and Doppler, are presented.
C1 [Papazian, Peter B.; Gentile, Camillo; Remley, Kate A.; Senic, Jelena; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Commun Technol NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Papazian, PB (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM peter.papazian@nist.gov; camillo.gentile@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov;
jelena.senic@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov
NR 27
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Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9480
EI 1557-9670
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 64
IS 9
BP 2924
EP 2932
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2592530
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA DX1SH
UT WOS:000384146800022
ER
PT J
AU Heymsfield, AJ
Matrosov, SY
Wood, NB
AF Heymsfield, Andrew J.
Matrosov, Sergey Y.
Wood, Norman B.
TI Toward Improving Ice Water Content and Snow-Rate Retrievals from Radars.
Part I: X and W Bands, Emphasizing CloudSat
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; TERMINAL
VELOCITIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SITU OBSERVATIONS; DOPPLER RADAR;
CIRRUS; LIDAR; SNOWFLAKES; ACCUMULATION
AB Microphysical data and radar reflectivities (Z(e), -15 < Z(e) < 10 dB) measured from flights during the NASA Tropical Clouds, Convection, Chemistry and Climate field program are used to relate Z(e) at X and W band to measured ice water content (IWC). Because nearly collocated Z(e) and IWC were each directly measured, Z(e)-IWC relationships could be developed directly. Using the particle size distributions and ice particle masses evaluated based on the direct IWC measurements, reflectivity-snowfall rate (Z(e)-S) relationships were also derived. For -15 < Z(e) < 10 dB, the relationships herein yield larger IWC and S than given by the retrievals and earlier relationships. The sensitivity of radar reflectivity to particle size distribution and size-dependent mass, shape, and orientation introduces significant uncertainties in retrieved quantities since these factors vary substantially globally. To partially circumvent these uncertainties, a W-band Z(e)-S relationship is developed by relating four years of global CloudSat reflectivity observations measured immediately above the melting layer to retrieved rain rates at the base of the melting layer. The supporting assumptions are that the water mass flux is constant through the melting layer, that the air temperature is nearly 0 degrees C, and that the retrieved rain rates are well constrained. Where Z(e) > 10 dB, this Z(e)-S relationship conforms well to earlier relationships, but for Z(e) < 10 dB it yields higher IWC and S. Because not all retrieval algorithms estimate either or both IWC and S, the authors use a large aircraft-derived dataset to relate IWC and S. The IWC can then be estimated from S and vice versa.
C1 [Heymsfield, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wood, Norman B.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
RP Heymsfield, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM heyms1@ucar.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AH73G]; NASA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology (JPL); Deb
Vane as contract monitor; NASA
FX The authors thank Aaron Bansemer for his invaluable help with the TC4
dataset and Gerry Heymsfield for providing the ER-2 radar data from TC4.
This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) through Award (GPM) NNX13AH73G, and from the NASA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL),
with Deb Vane as contract monitor. Work by NBW was performed at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison for JPL, sponsored by NASA. Assistance
from Meg Miller for her technical editing of the document was
invaluable.
NR 66
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U1 6
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
EI 1558-8432
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 9
BP 2063
EP 2090
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0290.1
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DX1QM
UT WOS:000384142100013
ER
PT J
AU Squires, D
AF Squires, Dale
TI Firm behavior under quantity controls: The theory of virtual quantities
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Multiple inputs and outputs; Quotas; Rationing; Virtual quantities;
Virtual prices; Cap-and-trade; Elasticity of intensity; Common
resources; Malaysia
ID MULTIPRODUCT INDUSTRIES; QUOTA; SUBSTITUTION; FISHERIES; CAPACITY
AB The theory of virtual quantities, the dual to virtual prices, provides a framework to analyze competitive multiproduct firm behavior under multiple quantity controls on inputs and outputs, including command-and-control quotas and transferable property rights. The framework addresses the firm's reactions to regulatory controls, impacts of adding or dropping quantity controls, inferring unrationed from rationed production, and conversion from command-and-control quotas to cap-and-trade systems with transferable property rights and secondary market behavior. The paper develops reasons for failure of quasi-concavity of technology, extends the elasticity of intensity's properties, and integrates the virtual price and virtual quantity frameworks. Virtual quantities are applied to assess potential firm responses to quantity controls and a potential transferable property right in a Malaysian fishery. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Squires, Dale] NOAA Fisheries, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM dsquires@ucsd.edu
FU NOAA Fisheries
FX The comments and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers, Frank Asche,
Ron Felthoven, Ben Gilbert, James Hilger, Dan Phaneuf, Jeff Shrader,
Marty Smith, Kjell Salvanes, Steve Stohs, Niels Vestergaard and seminar
participants at IIFET Montpellier, University of Copenhagen, and UCSD,
financial support by NOAA Fisheries, and data collection by Bee Hong Yeo
of WorldFish Center are gratefully acknowledge. The results do not
necessarily represent the views of NOAA Fisheries.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0095-0696
EI 1096-0449
J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG
JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 79
BP 70
EP 86
DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2015.04.005
PG 17
WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DX4WF
UT WOS:000384381100005
ER
PT J
AU Kinney, MJ
Wells, RJD
Kohin, S
AF Kinney, M. J.
Wells, R. J. D.
Kohin, S.
TI Oxytetracycline age validation of an adult shortfin mako shark Isurus
oxyrinchus after 6years at liberty
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE band-pair periodicity; shifting deposition rate
ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; NEW-ZEALAND; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BOMB
RADIOCARBON; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; LAMNA-NASUS; GROWTH; WESTERN; MATURITY
AB This study presents findings on an oxytetracycline injected adult male shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus recaptured in waters off of southern California after 6years at liberty. During the period at liberty, the vertebral band-pair deposition rate was validated at one per year. This result indicates that from a time at or near sexual maturity, male I. oxyrinchus in the north-east Pacific Ocean exhibit a band-pair deposition rate of one band pair per year, while deposition rates for juveniles in the area have been validated at two band pairs per year.
C1 [Kinney, M. J.] Ocean Associates Inc, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Wells, R. J. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 77553 USA.
[Kohin, S.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Kinney, MJ (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM michael.kinney@noaa.gov
FU NOAA National Cooperative Research Program
FX We thank members of the SWFSC Highly Migratory Species Research Group,
in particular J. Wraith, and many volunteers for assistance in tagging
and logistical operations. We thank L. Natanson, K. Piner and two
anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve drafts of the
manuscript. Some funding for tagging cruises was provided by the NOAA
National Cooperative Research Program.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
EI 1095-8649
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 89
IS 3
BP 1828
EP 1833
DI 10.1111/jfb.13044
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DX3XF
UT WOS:000384310000022
PM 27325152
ER
PT J
AU Yao, WY
Jablonowski, C
AF Yao, Weiye
Jablonowski, Christiane
TI The Impact of GCM Dynamical Cores on Idealized Sudden Stratospheric
Warmings and Their QBO Interactions
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL;
PLANETARY-WAVES; EQUATORIAL QBO; POLAR VORTEX; SIMPLE AGCM; TROPOSPHERE;
SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY
AB The paper demonstrates that sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can be simulated in an ensemble of dry dynamical cores that miss the typical SSW forcing mechanisms like moist processes, land-sea contrasts, or topography. These idealized general circulation model (GCM) simulations are driven by a simple Held-Suarez-Williamson (HSW) temperature relaxation and low-level Rayleigh friction. In particular, the four dynamical cores of NCAR's Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAMS), are used, which are the semi-Lagrangian (SLD) and Eulerian (EUL) spectral-transform models and the finite-volume (FV) and the spectral element (SE) models.
Three research themes are discussed. First, it is shown that SSW events in such idealized simulations have very realistic flow characteristics that are analyzed via the SLD model. A single vortex-split event is highlighted that is driven by wavenumber-1 and -2 wave-mean flow interactions. Second, the SLD simulations are compared to the EUL, FV, and SE dynamical cores, which sheds light on the impact of the numerical schemes on the circulation. Only SLD produces major SSWs, while others only exhibit minor stratospheric warmings. These differences are caused by SLD's more vigorous wave-mean flow interactions in addition to a warm pole bias, which leads to relatively weak polar jets in SLD. Third, it is shown that tropical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like oscillations and SSWs can coexist in such idealized HSW simulations. They are present in the SLD dynamical core that is used to analyze the QBO-SSW interactions via a transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) analysis. The TEM results provide support for the Holton-Tan effect.
C1 [Yao, Weiye] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Jablonowski, Christiane] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Yao, WY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM weiye.yao@noaa.gov
RI Jablonowski, Christiane/I-9068-2012
OI Jablonowski, Christiane/0000-0003-0407-0092
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Science [DE-SC0006684];
National Science Foundation
FX The authors thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions. This work
was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Science,
Award DE-SC0006684. We acknowledge the high-performance computing
support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's
Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the
National Science Foundation.
NR 53
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 3397
EP 3421
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0242.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RP
UT WOS:000383923500003
ER
PT J
AU Guimond, SR
Heymsfield, GM
Reasor, PD
Didlake, AC
AF Guimond, Stephen R.
Heymsfield, Gerald M.
Reasor, Paul D.
Didlake, Anthony C., Jr.
TI The Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Karl (2010): New Remote Sensing
Observations of Convective Bursts from the Global Hawk Platform
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION;
INNER-CORE; PART I; 3-DIMENSIONAL PERTURBATIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; BONNIE
1998; EVOLUTION; EYEWALL; EYE
AB The evolution of rapidly intensifying Hurricane Karl (2010) is examined from a suite of remote sensing observations during the NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) field experiment. The novelties of this study are in the analysis of data from the airborne Doppler radar High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HI WRAP) and the new Global Hawk airborne platform that allows long endurance sampling of hurricanes. Supporting data from the High-Altitude Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) microwave sounder coincident with HIWRAP and coordinated flights with the NOAA WP-3D aircraft help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the storm. The focus of the analysis is on documenting and understanding the structure, evolution, and role of small-scale deep convective forcing in the storm intensification process. Deep convective bursts are sporadically initiated in the downshear quadrants of the storm and rotate into the upshear quadrants for a period of similar to 12 h during the rapid intensification. The aircraft data analysis indicates that the bursts are being formed and maintained through a combination of two main processes: 1) convergence generated from counterrotating mesovortex circulations and the larger vortex-scale flow and 2) the turbulent (scales of similar to 25 km) transport of anomalously warm, buoyant air from the eye to the eyewall at low levels. The turbulent mixing across the eyewall interface and forced convective descent adjacent to the bursts assists in carving out the eye of Karl, which leads to an asymmetric enhancement of the warm core. The mesovortices play a key role in the evolution of the features described above. The Global Hawk aircraft allowed an examination of the vortex response and axisymmetrization period in addition to the burst pulsing phase. A pronounced axisymmetric development of the vortex is observed following the pulsing phase that includes a sloped eyewall structure and formation of a clear, wide eye.
C1 [Guimond, Stephen R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guimond, Stephen R.; Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Didlake, Anthony C., Jr.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Reasor, Paul D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Didlake, Anthony C., Jr.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Guimond, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM stephen.guimond@nasa.gov
RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014
OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X
FU Heymsfield's NASA GRIP through NASA; Heymsfield's NASA HS3 through NASA;
NOAA; NASA; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) at Los
Alamos National Laboratory
FX We thank Dr. Lihua Li, Matt McLinden, Martin Perrine, and Jaime
Cervantes for their engineering efforts on HIWRAP during GRIP. We also
thank the JPL HAMSR team for providing level 1B data used in this study,
which was obtained from NASA Global Hydrology Resource Center in
Huntsville, Alabama. Discussions with Dr. Scott Braun were useful and
helped to clarify the presentation of the data. Dr. Lin Tian helped with
early HIWRAP data processing. Author Guimond and coauthors Heymsfield
and Didlake were funded under Heymsfield's NASA GRIP and HS3 funding,
through NASA headquarters Program Manager Dr. Ramesh Kakar. Coauthor
Reasor was funded through NOAA base funds. The NASA weather program
under Dr. Ramesh Kakar supported GRIP. The first author was also
partially supported by the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
(IGPP) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The first author thanks Robert
Kilgore for his work on the conceptual diagram. Finally, we thank Rob
Rogers and two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments.
NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 3617
EP 3639
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0026.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RP
UT WOS:000383923500016
ER
PT J
AU Lutsko, NJ
Held, IM
AF Lutsko, Nicholas J.
Held, Isaac M.
TI The Response of an Idealized Atmosphere to Orographic Forcing: Zonal
versus Meridional Propagation
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ONE-LAYER MODEL; LARGE-SCALE; STATIONARY WAVES; BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE;
MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA; PLANETARY-WAVES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROSSBY WAVES;
VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION
AB A dry atmospheric general circulation model is forced with large-scale, Gaussian orography in an attempt to isolate a regime in which the model responds linearly to orographic forcing and then to study the departures from linearity as the orography is increased in amplitude. In contrast to previous results, which emphasized the meridional propagation of orographically forced stationary waves, using the standard Held-Suarez (H-S) control climate, it is found that the linear regime is characterized by a meridionally trapped, zonally propagating wave. Meridionally trapped waves of this kind have been seen in other contexts, where they have been termed "circumglobal waves." As the height of the orography is increased, the circumglobal wave coexists with a meridionally propagating wave and for large-enough heights the meridionally propagating wave dominates the response. A barotropic model on a sphere reproduces this trapped wave in the linear regime and also reproduces the transition to meridional propagation with increasing amplitude. However, mean-flow modification by the stationary waves is very different in the two models, making it difficult to argue that the transitions have the same causes. When adding asymmetry across the equator to the H-S control climate and placing the orography in the cooler hemisphere, it becomes harder to generate trapped waves in the GCM and the trapping becomes sensitive to the shape of the orography. The barotropic model overestimates the trapping in this case. These results suggest that an improved understanding of the role of circumglobal waves will be needed to understand the stationary wave field and its sensitivity to the changes in the zonal mean climate.
C1 [Lutsko, Nicholas J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Lutsko, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM lutsko@princeton.edu
FU NSF [DGE 1148900]
FX We thank Steve Garner, Yi Ming, and Brian Hoskins for helpful comments
and discussions and three anonymous reviewers for careful readings of
the manuscript. Nicholas Lutsko was supported by NSF Grant DGE 1148900.
NR 41
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 73
IS 9
BP 3701
EP 3718
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0021.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RP
UT WOS:000383923500020
ER
PT J
AU Cintineo, RM
Otkin, JA
Jones, TA
Koch, S
Stensrud, DJ
AF Cintineo, Rebecca M.
Otkin, Jason A.
Jones, Thomas A.
Koch, Steven
Stensrud, David J.
TI Assimilation of Synthetic GOES-R ABI Infrared Brightness Temperatures
and WSR-88D Radar Observations in a High-Resolution OSSE
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA
ASSIMILATION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL;
CLOUD-WATER PATH; LOW-LEVEL WIND; PART I; SATELLITE DATA; MICROPHYSICAL
RETRIEVAL
AB This study uses an observing system simulation experiment to explore the impact of assimilating GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) 6.95-mu m brightness temperatures and Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) reflectivity and radial velocity observations in an ensemble data assimilation system. A high-resolution truth simulation was used to create synthetic radar and satellite observations of a severe weather event that occurred across the U.S. central plains on 4-5 June 2005. The experiment employs the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at 4-km horizontal grid spacing and the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter algorithm in the Data Assimilation Research Testbed system. The ability of GOES-R ABI brightness temperatures to improve the analysis and forecast accuracy when assimilated separately or simultaneously with Doppler radar reflectivity and radial velocity observations was assessed, along with the use of bias correction and different covariance localization radii for the brightness temperatures. Results show that the radar observations accurately capture the structure of a portion of the storm complex by the end of the assimilation period, but that more of the storms and atmospheric features are reproduced and the accuracy of the ensuing forecast improved when the brightness temperatures are also assimilated.
C1 [Cintineo, Rebecca M.; Otkin, Jason A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
[Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Jones, Thomas A.; Koch, Steven] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
[Stensrud, David J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Otkin, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, CIMSS, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jasono@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012
OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845
FU U.S. Weather Research Program within the NOAA/ OAR Office of Weather and
Air Quality under CIMSS [NA10NES4400013]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Weather Research Program within the
NOAA/ OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality under the CIMSS Cooperative
Agreement NA10NES4400013. The ensemble data assimilation experiments
were performed using the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR "S4" supercomputer located at
the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
NR 67
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 9
BP 3159
EP 3180
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0366.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RN
UT WOS:000383923300007
ER
PT J
AU Abarca, SF
Montgomery, MT
Braun, SA
Dunion, J
AF Abarca, Sergio F.
Montgomery, Michael T.
Braun, Scott A.
Dunion, Jason
TI On the Secondary Eyewall Formation of Hurricane Edouard (2014)
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; RITA 2005; REPLACEMENT; INTENSITY; EVOLUTION;
DYNAMICS; VORTEX; CORE; CYCLE; FIELD
AB A first observationally based estimation of departures from gradient wind balance during secondary eyewall formation is presented. The study is based on the Atlantic Hurricane Edouard (2014). This storm was observed during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) experiment, a field campaign conducted in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). A total of 135 dropsondes are analyzed in two separate time periods: one named the secondary eyewall formation period and the other one referred to as the decaying double eyewalled storm period. During the secondary eyewall formation period, a time when the storm was observed to have only one eyewall, the diagnosed agradient force has a secondary maximum that coincides with the radial location of the secondary eyewall observed in the second period of study. The maximum spinup tendency of the radial influx of absolute vertical vorticity is within the boundary layer in the region of the eyewall of the storm and the spinup tendency structure elongates radially outward into the secondary region of supergradient wind, where the secondary wind maximum is observed in the second period of study. An analysis of the boundary layer averaged vertical structure of equivalent potential temperature reveals a conditionally unstable environment in the secondary eyewall formation region. These findings support the hypothesis that deep convective activity in this region contributed to spinup of the boundary layer tangential winds and the formation of a secondary eyewall that is observed during the decaying double eyewalled storm period.
C1 [Abarca, Sergio F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IM Syst Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Protect, Natl Weather Serv, College Pk, MD USA.
[Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
[Braun, Scott A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Dunion, Jason] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Dunion, Jason] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Abarca, SF (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NWS, NCEP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM sergio.abarca@noaa.gov
RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014
OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569
FU National Research Council (NRC) through Research Associateship Program;
Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California; NSF
[AGS-1313948]; NOAA HFIP Grant [N0017315WR00048]; NASA HS3 Grant
[NNG11PK021]; U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
FX The first author gratefully acknowledges the support from the National
Research Council (NRC) through its Research Associateship Program; the
host institution, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey,
California; and Scott Braun for the funding that made it possible for
him to participate in the H53 deployment during the 2014 hurricane
season. MTM acknowledges the support of NSF Grant AGS-1313948, NOAA HFIP
Grant N0017315WR00048, NASA HS3 Grant NNG11PK021, and the U.S. Naval
Postgraduate School.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 9
BP 3321
EP 3331
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0421.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RN
UT WOS:000383923300014
ER
PT J
AU Zawislak, J
Jiang, HY
Alvey, GR
Zipser, EJ
Rogers, RF
Zhang, JA
Stevenson, SN
AF Zawislak, Jonathan
Jiang, Haiyan
Alvey, George R., III
Zipser, Edward J.
Rogers, Robert F.
Zhang, Jun A.
Stevenson, Stephanie N.
TI Observations of the Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Edouard (2014)
during Intensity Change. Part I: Relationship between the Thermodynamic
Structure and Precipitation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; CYCLONE RAPID INTENSIFICATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION
SIMULATION; SAHARAN AIR LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONE; INNER-CORE;
ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; HUMBERTO 2001; WARM-CORE; STORM
AB The structural evolution of the inner core and near environment throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014) is examined using a synthesis of airborne and satellite measurements. This study specifically focuses on the precipitation evolution and thermodynamic changes that occur on the vortex scale during four periods: when Edouard was a slowly intensifying tropical storm, another while a rapidly intensifying hurricane, during the initial stages of weakening after reaching peak intensity, and later while experiencing moderate weakening in the midlatitudes. Results suggest that, in a shear-relative framework, a wavenumber-1 asymmetry exists whereby the downshear quadrants consistently exhibit the greatest precipitation coverage and highest relative humidity, while the upshear quadrants (especially upshear right) exhibit relatively less precipitation coverage and lower humidity, particularly in the midtroposphere. Whether dynamically or precipitation driven, the relatively dry layers upshear appear to be ubiquitously caused by subsidence. The precipitation and thermodynamic asymmetry is observed throughout the intensification and later weakening stages, while a consistently more symmetric distribution is only observed when Edouard reaches peak intensity. The precipitation distribution, which is also discussed in the context of the boundary layer thermodynamic properties, is intimately linked to the thermodynamic symmetry, which becomes greater as the frequency, areal coverage, and, in particular, rainfall rate increases upshear. Although shear is generally believed to be detrimental to intensification, observations in Edouard also indicate that subsidence warming from mesoscale downdrafts in the low- to midtroposphere very near the center may have contributed favorably to organization early in the intensification stage.
C1 [Zawislak, Jonathan; Jiang, Haiyan] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Alvey, George R., III; Zipser, Edward J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Rogers, Robert F.; Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Stevenson, Stephanie N.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RP Zawislak, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St,AHC-5,Rm 360, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
EM jzawisla@fiu.edu
RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013
FU NASA [NNX11AB59G, NNG11HG00I, NNX15AN30H]; NASA Hurricane Science
Research Project (HSRP) Grant [NNX10AG34G]; NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed
(JHT) [NA13OAR4590191, NA15OAR4590199]; NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project (HFIP) Grant [NA14NWS4680028]; National Science
Foundation [AG51249732]; NOAA; National Science Foundation; National
Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); NASA Earth Science Physical
Oceanography Program
FX This research is supported by NASA HS3 Grants NNX11AB59G, NNG11HG00I,
and NNX15AN30H and NASA Hurricane Science Research Project (HSRP) Grant
NNX10AG34G, under the leadership and direction of Dr. Ramesh Kakar; the
NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) Grants NA13OAR4590191 and
NA15OAR4590199, under the direction of Dr. Chris Landsea (NHC); the NOAA
Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) Grant NA14NWS4680028; the
National Science Foundation Grant AG51249732; and NOAA base funds. The
airborne datasets would not be possible without the efforts of the NASA
HS3 and NOAA IFEX teams, as well as personnel at the NOAA Aircraft
Operations Center. HS3 dropsonde data were quality controlled by staff
at NCAR EOL, with support from the National Science Foundation. The P-3
and G-IV dropsonde data were quality controlled and provided by staff at
NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD). Infrared satellite data were
provided by the University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Studies. Microwave optimally interpolated (OI) SST data
are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by National
Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) and the NASA Earth Science
Physical Oceanography Program. Data are available at www.remss.com.
SHIPS information was obtained from the Cooperative Institute for
Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology
Branch (RAMMB) at Colorado State University. The authors also wish to
thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a
collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing
the lightning location data used in this paper. Discussions with Dr.
Brandon Kerns were helpful during the course of the study, and comments
from Peter Dodge, John Knaff, Kristen Corbosiero, and an anonymous
reviewer helped improve the manuscript.
NR 83
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 9
BP 3333
EP 3354
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0018.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RN
UT WOS:000383923300015
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, RF
Zhang, JA
Zawislak, J
Jiang, H
Alvey, GR
Zipser, EJ
Stevenson, SN
AF Rogers, Robert F.
Zhang, Jun A.
Zawislak, Jonathan
Jiang, Haiyan
Alvey, George R., III
Zipser, Edward J.
Stevenson, Stephanie N.
TI Observations of the Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Edouard (2014)
during Intensity Change. Part II: Kinematic Structure and the
Distribution of Deep Convection
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HIGH-RESOLUTION
SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER JETS; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; SQUALL-LINE;
BONNIE 1998; WARM-CORE; ENVIRONMENTAL HELICITY; HUMBERTO 2001
AB The structural evolution of the inner core and near-environment throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014) is examined using a synthesis of airborne and satellite measurements. This study specifically focuses on differences in the distribution of deep convection during two periods: when Edouard intensified toward hurricane status, and when Edouard peaked in intensity and began to weaken. While both periods saw precipitation maximized in the downshear-left and upshear-left quadrants, deep convection was only seen from the aircraft during the intensifying period.
Deep convection was located farther inside the radius of maximum winds (RMW) during the intensifying period than the weakening period. This convection is traced to strong updrafts inside the RMW in the downshear-right quadrant, tied to strong low-level convergence and high convective available potential energy (CAPE) as the storm remained over warm water in a moist environment. Strong updrafts persisted upshear left and were collocated with high inertial stability in the inner core. During weakening, no deep convection was present, and the precipitation that was observed was associated with weaker convergence downshear right at larger radii, as CAPE was reduced from lower sea surface temperatures, reduced humidity from subsidence, and a stronger warm core. Weak updrafts were seen upshear left, with little coincidence with the high inertial stability of the inner core.
These results highlight the importance of the azimuthal coverage of precipitation and the radial location of deep convection for intensification. A more symmetrical coverage can occur despite the presence of shear driven azimuthal asymmetries in both the forcing and the local environment of the precipitation.
C1 [Rogers, Robert F.; Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Zawislak, Jonathan; Jiang, Haiyan] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Alvey, George R., III; Zipser, Edward J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Stevenson, Stephanie N.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RP Rogers, RF (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM robert.rogers@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013
FU NASA [NNX11AB59G, NNG11HG00I, NNX15AN30H]; NASA Hurricane Science
Research Project (HSRP) Grant [NNX10AG34G]; NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed
(JHT) Grants [NA13OAR4590191, NA15OAR4590199]; NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project (HFIP) [NA14NWS4680028]; National Science Foundation
[AGS1249732]; NOAA; National Science Foundation; NOAA/AOML/HRD
FX This research is supported by NASA HS3 Grants NNX11AB59G, NNG11HG00I,
and NNX15AN30H and NASA Hurricane Science Research Project (HSRP) Grant
NNX10AG34G, under the leadership and direction of Dr. Ramesh Kakar; the
NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT) Grants NA13OAR4590191 and
NA15OAR4590199, under the direction of Dr. Chris Landsea (NHC); the NOAA
Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) Grant NA14NWS4680028; the
National Science Foundation Grant AGS1249732; and NOAA base funds. The
airborne datasets would not be possible without the efforts of the NASA
HS3 and NOAA IFEX teams, as well as personnel at the NOAA Aircraft
Operations Center. HS3 dropsonde data were quality controlled by staff
at NCAR EOL, with support from the National Science Foundation, and
NOAA/AOML/HRD. Comments from Drs. Paul Reasor and Hua Chen of NOAA/
AOML/HRD and three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript.
The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network
(http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and
institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this
paper.
NR 76
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 9
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 9
BP 3355
EP 3376
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0017.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RN
UT WOS:000383923300016
ER
PT J
AU Allen, BJ
Mansell, ER
Dowell, DC
Deierling, W
AF Allen, Blake J.
Mansell, Edward R.
Dowell, David C.
Deierling, Wiebke
TI Assimilation of Pseudo-GLM Data Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHTNING DATA ASSIMILATION; RADAR DATA ASSIMILATION; SIMULATED
ELECTRIFICATION; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM;
STORM; CHARGE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; STEPS
AB Total lightning observations that will be available from the GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) have the potential to be useful in the initialization of convection-resolving numerical weather models, particularly in areas where other types of convective-scale observations are sparse or nonexistent. This study used the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to assimilate real-data pseudo-GLM flash extent density (FED) observations at convection-resolving scale for a nonsevere multicell storm case (6 June 2000) and a tomadic supercell case (8 May 2003).
For each case, pseudo-GLM FED observations were generated from ground-based lightning mapping array data with a spacing approximately equal to the nadir pixel width of the GLM, and tests were done to examine different FED observation operators and the utility of temporally averaging observations to smooth rapid variations in flash rates.
The best results were obtained when assimilating 1-mM temporal resolution data using any of three observation operators that utilized graupel mass or graupel volume. Each of these three observation operators performed well for both the weak, disorganized convection of the multicell case and the much more intense convection of the supercell case.
An observation operator using the noninductive charging rate performed poorly compared to the graupel mass and graupel volume operators, a result that appears likely to be due to the inability of the noninductive charging rate to account for advection of space charge after charge separation occurs.
C1 [Allen, Blake J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Allen, Blake J.; Mansell, Edward R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, OAR, Norman, OK USA.
[Deierling, Wiebke] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Allen, BJ (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM blake.allen@ou.edu
FU NESDIS program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of
the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904]; NSF
[1063537]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce
[NA11OAR4320072]
FX This work was supported by the NESDIS program, which is under the
auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the
U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904.
Additional support was provided by NSF Award 1063537 and by NOAA/Office
of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma
Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The
authors thank Dr. Kristin Calhoun for providing pseudo-GLM data, and the
lead author thanks Drs. Steven Cavallo and Don MacGorman for helpful
critiques of the thesis on which this paper is based. Finally, the
authors are grateful for the informal review efforts of Nusrat Yussouf
as well as the formal review efforts of Alexandre Fierro and an
anonymous reviewer, all of whose comments improved the final version of
this manuscript.
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 144
IS 9
BP 3465
EP 3486
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-16-0117.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW8RN
UT WOS:000383923300021
ER
PT J
AU McCombs, JW
Herold, ND
Burkhalter, SG
Robinson, CJ
AF McCombs, John W.
Herold, Nathaniel D.
Burkhalter, Shan G.
Robinson, Christopher J.
TI Accuracy Assessment of NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program 2006-2010
Land Cover and Land Cover Change Data
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; THEMATIC MAP ACCURACY; REMOTELY SENSED DATA;
GULF-OF-MEXICO; IMPERVIOUS SURFACE; USE CLASSIFICATION; URBAN FRINGE;
SEA-LEVEL; LANDSCAPE; FOREST
AB A new approach to locating accuracy assessment sample units was used to quantify 2010 land cover accuracy, in addition to being able to make statements about 2006-2010 land cover change mapping accuracy for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) data. Three customized tiers of sampling strata were created, as discussed, to meet these goals. Stratified random sampling was employed in each stratum with a six out of nine pixelhomogeneity criteria (different from the final minimum mapping unit) required for each sampling unit. Accuracy was assessed for nine regions in the coastal United States with overall accuracy ranging from 82.3 percent to 85.6 percent. Binary change was mapped with 88.7 percent accuracy, with the largest error being errors of commission (71.2 percent user accuracy). This sampling design also allowed for the identification of 137 locations where true change was not mapped, allowing for statements to be made about missed change.
C1 [McCombs, John W.; Burkhalter, Shan G.; Robinson, Christopher J.] NOAA, Baldwin Grp, Off Coastal Management, 2234 South Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA.
[Herold, Nathaniel D.] NOAA, Off Coastal Management, 2234 South Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA.
RP McCombs, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Baldwin Grp, Off Coastal Management, 2234 South Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA.
EM john.mccombs@noaa.gov
NR 50
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
EI 2374-8079
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 82
IS 9
BP 711
EP 718
DI 10.14358/PERS.82.9.711
PG 8
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA DX0NR
UT WOS:000384060300008
ER
PT J
AU Goudarzi, M
Mak, TD
Jacobs, JP
Moon, BH
Strawn, SJ
Braun, J
Brenner, DJ
Fornace, AJ
Li, HH
AF Goudarzi, Maryam
Mak, Tytus D.
Jacobs, Jonathan P.
Moon, Bo-Hyun
Strawn, Steven J.
Braun, Jonathan
Brenner, David J.
Fornace, Albert J., Jr.
Li, Heng-Hong
TI An Integrated Multi-Omic Approach to Assess Radiation Injury on the
Host-Microbiome Axis
SO RADIATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID IONIZING-RADIATION; GLYCINE CONJUGATION; GUT MICROBIOTA; BENZOIC-ACID;
BILE-ACIDS; BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; METABOLISM;
PATHWAY; DISEASE
AB Medical responders to radiological and nuclear disasters currently lack sufficient high-throughput and minimally invasive biodosimetry tools to assess exposure and injury in the affected populations. For this reason, we have focused on developing robust radiation exposure biomarkers in easily accessible biofluids such as urine, serum and feces. While we have previously reported on urine and serum biomarkers, here we assessed perturbations in the fecal metabolome resulting from exposure to external X radiation in vivo. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is of particular importance in radiation biodosimetry due to its constant cell renewal and sensitivity to radiation-induced injury. While the clinical GI symptoms such as pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are manifested after radiation exposure, no reliable bioindicator has been identified for radiation-induced gastrointestinal injuries. To this end, we focused on determining a fecal metabolomic signature in X-ray irradiated mice. There is overwhelming evidence that the gut microbiota play an essential role in gut homeostasis and overall health. Because the fecal metabolome is tightly correlated with the composition and diversity of the microorganism in the gut, we also performed fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis to determine the changes in the microbial composition postirradiation. We used in-house bioinformatics tools to integrate the 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic data, and to elucidate the gut integrated ecosystem and its deviations from a stable host-microbiome state that result from irradiation. The 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that radiation caused remarkable alterations of the microbiome in feces at the family level. Increased abundance of common members of Lactobacillaceae and Staphylococcaceae families, and decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiaceae families were found after 5 and 12 Gy irradiation. The metabolomic data revealed statistically significant changes in the microbial-derived products such as pipecolic acid, glutaconic acid, urobilinogen and homogentisic acid. In addition, significant changes were detected in bile acids such as taurocholic acid and 12-ketodeoxycholic acid. These changes may be associated with the observed shifts in the abundance of intestinal microbes, such as R. gnavus, which can transform bile acids. (c) 2016 by Radiation Research Society
C1 [Goudarzi, Maryam; Moon, Bo-Hyun; Strawn, Steven J.; Fornace, Albert J., Jr.; Li, Heng-Hong] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Washington, DC USA.
[Fornace, Albert J., Jr.] Georgetown Univ, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
[Mak, Tytus D.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jacobs, Jonathan P.; Braun, Jonathan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Brenner, David J.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA.
RP Goudarzi, M; Li, HH (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW,New Res Bldg E504, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
EM mg668@georgetown.edu; HL234@georgetown.edu
FU Georgetown University's Proteomic and Metabolomics Shared Resources
(NIH) [P30 CA51008]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID) [U19 A1067773-09]; National Natural Science Foundation
of China [81372927]
FX The authors would like to thank Georgetown University's Proteomic and
Metabolomics Shared Resources (NIH grant no. P30 CA51008), for providing
metabolomics support. This work was also supported by a research grant
from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID
grant no. U19 A1067773-09) and from the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (grant no. 81372927).
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0033-7587
EI 1938-5404
J9 RADIAT RES
JI Radiat. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 186
IS 3
BP 219
EP 234
DI 10.1667/RR14306.1
PG 16
WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA DX4LF
UT WOS:000384352000001
PM 27512828
ER
PT J
AU Germer, TA
AF Germer, Thomas A.
TI Bidirectional scattering distribution function measurements from volume
diffusers: correction factors and associated uncertainties
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROBOT-BASED GONIOREFLECTOMETER; REFLECTION
AB We consider the effect of volume diffusion on measurements of the bidirectional scattering distribution function when a finite distance is used for the solid angle defining aperture. We derive expressions for correction factors that can be used when the reduced scattering coefficients and the index of refraction are known. When these quantities are not known, the expressions can be used to guide the assessment of measurement uncertainty. We find that some measurement geometries reduce the effect of volume diffusion compared to their reciprocal geometries.
C1 [Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.germer@nist.gov
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 25
BP 6978
EP 6982
DI 10.1364/AO.55.006978
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DW9PS
UT WOS:000383994600026
PM 27607273
ER
PT J
AU Wang, LK
Chen, Y
Han, Y
AF Wang, Likun
Chen, Yong
Han, Yong
TI Impacts of field of view configuration of Cross-track Infrared Sounder
on clear-sky observations
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD; RESOLUTION; ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; NOISE
AB Hyperspectral infrared radiance measurements from satellite sensors contain valuable information on atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles and greenhouse gases, and therefore are directly assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models as inputs for weather forecasting. However, data assimilations in current operational NWP models still mainly rely on cloud-free observations due to the challenge of simulating cloud-contaminated radiances when using hyperspectral radiances. The limited spatial coverage of the 3 x 3 field of views (FOVs) in one field of regard (FOR) (i.e., spatial gap among FOVs) as well as relatively large footprint size (14 km) in current Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instruments limits the amount of clear-sky observations. This study explores the potential impacts of future CrIS FOV configuration (including FOV size and spatial coverage) on the amount of clear-sky observations by simulation experiments. The radiance measurements and cloud mask products (VCM) from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) are used to simulate CrIS clear-sky observation under different FOV configurations. The results indicate that, given the same FOV coverage (e.g., 3 x 3), the percentage of clear-sky FOVs and the percentage of clear-sky FORs (that contain at least one clear-sky FOV) both increase as the FOV size decreases. In particular, if the CrIS FOV size were reduced from 14 km to 7 km, the percentage of clear-sky FOVs increases from 9.02% to 13.51% and the percentage of clear-sky FORs increases from 18.24% to 27.51%. Given the same FOV size but with increasing FOV coverage in each FOR, the clear-sky FOV observations increases proportionally with the increasing sampling FOVs. Both reducing FOV size and increasing FOV coverage can result in more clear-sky FORs, which benefit data utilization of NWP data assimilation. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Wang, Likun; Chen, Yong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Rm 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Rm 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM wlikun@umd.edu
RI Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008
OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Wang,
Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA14NES4320003]
FX National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA14NES4320003).
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 25
BP 7113
EP 7119
DI 10.1364/AO.55.007113
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DW9PS
UT WOS:000383994600042
PM 27607289
ER
PT J
AU Nicoll, R
Vick, C
Laffoley, D
Hajduk, T
Zuccarino-Crowe, C
Bianco, M
Russell, S
Flood, K
Parry, L
Keenleyside, K
AF Nicoll, Rob
Vick, Charlotte
Laffoley, Dan
Hajduk, Tracy
Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara
Bianco, Mariasole
Russell, Sean
Flood, Kathleen
Parry, Lorna
Keenleyside, Karen
TI MPAs, aquatic conservation and connecting people to nature
SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th IUCN World Parks Congress
CY NOV, 2014
CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA
SP IUCN
DE marine protected area; inspiring; engagement; awareness; attitudes;
behaviour; aquatic; conservation; biodiversity
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEM-BASED
MANAGEMENT; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS;
PHOENIX ISLANDS; CENTRAL PACIFIC; REEF FISHES; CHALLENGES
AB 1. The human affinity for aquatic species and environments is exemplified through the ubiquity of aquatic themed popular culture including a significant portion of global tourism providing access to places linked to aquatic environments. Yet this affinity does not appear to translate to the widespread support required for the achievement of ambitious aquatic biodiversity conservation goals.
2. Achieving conservation goals is contingent upon broad awareness of the values of biodiversity and what can be done to conserve and use it sustainably as embodied by Aichi Biodiversity Target 1.
3. This paper identifies seven lessons to support marine protected area (MPA) managers and ocean conservation professionals to implement programmes that "Inspire a New Generation" (ING) to learn about, value and conserve aquatic environments: (1) Prioritize Experience; (2) Embrace Technology; (3) Integrate; (4) Focus on Youth; (5) Make it Relevant; (6) Make it Positive; and (7) Engage Other Sectors.
4. These lessons are discussed alongside examples of ING programmes from MPA management authorities and aquatic conservation organizations. The effective application of these lessons requires appropriate levels of institutional commitment and investment in order to achieve success in ING as a precursor to the achievement of aquatic conservation goals. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Nicoll, Rob] Antarctic & Southern Ocean Coalit, 1320 19 St NW,Fifth Floor, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
[Vick, Charlotte] Mission Blue, Napa, CA USA.
[Laffoley, Dan] IUCN, World Commiss Protected Areas, Gland, Switzerland.
[Hajduk, Tracy; Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Russell, Sean] Youth Ocean Conservat Summit, Sarasota, FL USA.
[Flood, Kathleen] Cascade Game Foundry, Seattle, WA USA.
[Parry, Lorna] Ocean Agcy, Chicago, IL USA.
[Keenleyside, Karen] Protected Areas Estab & Conservat Directorate Pk, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Nicoll, R (reprint author), Antarctic & Southern Ocean Coalit, 1320 19 St NW,Fifth Floor, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
EM rob@antarcticocean.org
NR 84
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 15
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1052-7613
EI 1099-0755
J9 AQUAT CONSERV
JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 26
SU 2
BP 142
EP 164
DI 10.1002/aqc.2678
PG 23
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA DW5FL
UT WOS:000383668500011
ER
PT J
AU Wenzel, L
Laffoley, D
Caillaud, A
Zuccarino-Crowe, C
AF Wenzel, Lauren
Laffoley, Dan
Caillaud, Anne
Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara
TI Protecting the World's ocean - The Promise of Sydney
SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th IUCN World Parks Congress
CY NOV, 2014
CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA
SP IUCN
ID STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; CORAL-REEFS; SHARK BAY; STROMATOLITES;
ENVIRONMENT; AUSTRALIA; RESILIENCE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; ACCURACY
C1 [Wenzel, Lauren] NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Laffoley, Dan] World Commiss Protected Areas Marine, Gland, Switzerland.
[Caillaud, Anne] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Zuccarino-Crowe, Chiara] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Wenzel, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM lauren.wenzel@noaa.gov
NR 52
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1052-7613
EI 1099-0755
J9 AQUAT CONSERV
JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 26
SU 2
BP 251
EP 255
DI 10.1002/aqc.2659
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA DW5FL
UT WOS:000383668500018
ER
PT J
AU Butler, JH
Yvon-Lewis, SA
Lobert, JM
King, DB
Montzka, SA
Bullister, JL
Koropalov, V
Elkins, JW
Hall, BD
Hu, L
Liu, YN
AF Butler, James H.
Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.
Lobert, Jurgen M.
King, Daniel B.
Montzka, Stephen A.
Bullister, John L.
Koropalov, Valentin
Elkins, James W.
Hall, Bradley D.
Hu, Lei
Liu, Yina
TI A comprehensive estimate for loss of atmospheric carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) to the ocean
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA GAS-EXCHANGE; ANOXIC SEAWATER; TRACE GASES; WIND-SPEED; SOIL SINK;
REMOVAL; AIR; RATES; RADIOCARBON; THERMOCLINE
AB Extensive undersaturations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean surface waters indicate that atmospheric CCl4 is consumed in large amounts by the ocean. Observations made on 16 research cruises between 1987 and 2010, ranging in latitude from 60 degrees N to 77 degrees S, show that negative saturations extend over most of the surface ocean. Corrected for physical effects associated with radiative heat flux, mixing, and air injection, these anomalies were commonly on the order of 5 to 10 %, with no clear relationship to temperature, productivity, or other gross surface water characteristics other than being more negative in association with upwelling. The atmospheric flux required to sustain these undersaturations is 12.4 (9.4-15.4) Gg yr(-1), a loss rate implying a partial atmospheric lifetime with respect to the oceanic loss of 183 (147241) yr and that similar to 18 (14-22) % of atmospheric CCl4 is lost to the ocean. Although CCl4 hydrolyzes in seawater, published hydrolysis rates for this gas are too slow to support such large undersaturations, given our current understanding of air-sea gas exchange rates. The even larger undersaturations in intermediate depth waters associated with reduced oxygen levels, observed in this study and by other investigators, strongly suggest that CCl4 is ubiquitously consumed at mid-depth, presumably by microbiota. Although this subsurface sink creates a gradient that drives a downward flux of CCl4, the gradient alone is not sufficient to explain the observed surface undersaturations. Since known chemical losses are likewise insufficient to sustain the observed undersaturations, this suggests a possible biological sink for CCl4 in surface or near-surface waters of the ocean. The total atmospheric lifetime for CCl4, based on these results and the most recent studies of soil uptake and loss in the stratosphere is now 32 (26-43) yr.
C1 [Butler, James H.; Montzka, Stephen A.; Elkins, James W.; Hall, Bradley D.; Hu, Lei] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.; Hu, Lei; Liu, Yina] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77840 USA.
[Lobert, Jurgen M.] Entegris Inc, Franklin, MA 02038 USA.
[King, Daniel B.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine & Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Koropalov, Valentin] Roshydromet, Moscow 123242, Russia.
[Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.; Lobert, Jurgen M.; King, Daniel B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Liu, Yina] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Butler, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM james.h.butler@noaa.gov
RI Liu, Yina/C-1522-2017
OI Liu, Yina/0000-0002-3485-7542
FU NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program; US Department of Energy;
NOAA's Climate Program Office; Atmospheric and Geosciences sections of
the National Science Foundation; National Research Council of the US
National Academies of Science
FX We thank the captains, officers, and crew of all of the ships involved
during the entirety of this study and the staff who diligently assisted
us over the years. Special thanks go to Debbie Mondeel, Caroline Siso,
Andrew Clarke, James Johnson, David Wisegarver, and Fred Menzia of NOAA
and its cooperative institutes, to Christine Harth, currently at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and to Laurie Geller, currently at
the US National Academy of Sciences. We also thank the referees, Ray
Weiss of SIO, and Rik Wanninkhof of NOAA for valuable comments and
discussions during review of this manuscript. This research could not
have been done without the support of our various institutions and the
programs through which they support science, including funds at various
times from NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the US Department
of Energy, NOAA's Climate Program Office, the Atmospheric and
Geosciences sections of the National Science Foundation, and the
National Research Council of the US National Academies of Science. At
NOAA PMEL this paper is tracked as Contribution Number 4477.
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 17
BP 10899
EP 10910
DI 10.5194/acp-16-10899-2016
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW6FD
UT WOS:000383744100001
ER
PT J
AU Shelton, AO
O'Donnell, JL
Samhouri, JF
Lowell, N
Williams, GD
Kelly, RP
AF Shelton, Andrew Olaf
O'Donnell, James Lawrence
Samhouri, Jameal F.
Lowell, Natalie
Williams, Gregory D.
Kelly, Ryan P.
TI A framework for inferring biological communities from environmental DNA
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian statistics; community surveys; ecosystem assessment;
environmental DNA; multinomial-Poisson transformation; quantitative PCR
ID ABUNDANCE; EDNA; BIODIVERSITY; FISHERIES; BIAS; EXTRACTION; MODELS;
TEMPERATURE; DIVERSITY; PROTOCOLS
AB Environmental DNA (eDNA), genetic material recovered from an environmental medium such as soil, water, or feces, reflects the membership of the ecological community present in the sampled environment. As such, eDNA is a potentially rich source of data for basic ecology, conservation, and management, because it offers the prospect of quantitatively reconstructing whole ecological communities from easily obtained samples. However, like all sampling methods, eDNA sequencing is subject to methodological limitations that can generate biased descriptions of ecological communities. Here, we demonstrate parallels between eDNA sampling and traditional sampling techniques, and use these parallels to offer a statistical structure for framing the challenges faced by eDNA and for illuminating the gaps in our current knowledge. Although the current state of knowledge on some of these steps precludes a full estimate of biomass for each taxon in a sampled eDNA community, we provide a map that illustrates potential methods for bridging these gaps. Additionally, we use an original data set to estimate the relative abundances of taxon-specific template DNA prior to PCR, given the abundance of DNA sequences recovered post-PCR-and-sequencing, a critical step in the chain of eDNA inference. While we focus on the use of eDNA samples to determine the relative abundance of taxa within a community, our approach also applies to single-taxon applications (including applications using qPCR), studies of diversity, and studies focused on occurrence. By grounding inferences about eDNA community composition in a rigorous statistical framework, and by making these inferences explicit, we hope to improve the inferential potential for the emerging field of community-level eDNA analysis.
C1 [Shelton, Andrew Olaf; Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[O'Donnell, James Lawrence; Lowell, Natalie; Kelly, Ryan P.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Williams, Gregory D.] NOAA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation
FX This work was supported in part by a grant to R. P. Kelly from the David
and Lucile Packard Foundation. Thanks also to the Helen R. Whiteley
Center at Friday Harbor Laboratories for supporting the writing workshop
that substantially advanced this product. We thank E. Buckner, E.
Garrison, M. Klein, and A. Wong for help with field collections and
Seattle Parks and Recreation for access to Carkeek Park. We thank P.
Levin, A. Stier, B. Feist, K. Marshall, and S. Hennessey for comments on
earlier versions of this manuscript. K. Deiner and three anonymous
reviewers improved this manuscript.
NR 69
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 45
U2 45
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 6
BP 1645
EP 1659
DI 10.1890/15-1733.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DW0UJ
UT WOS:000383358000005
PM 27755698
ER
PT J
AU Komoroske, LM
Jeffries, KM
Connon, RE
Dexter, J
Hasenbein, M
Verhille, C
Fangue, NA
AF Komoroske, Lisa M.
Jeffries, Ken M.
Connon, Richard E.
Dexter, Jason
Hasenbein, Matthias
Verhille, Christine
Fangue, Nann A.
TI Sublethal salinity stress contributes to habitat limitation in an
endangered estuarine fish
SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE anadromous fish; climate change; delta smelt; environmental stress;
Hypomesus transpacificus; osmoregulation; transcriptome
ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; SMELT HYPOMESUS-TRANSPACIFICUS;
SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; DELTA SMELT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OSMOTIC-STRESS;
NA+/K+-ATPASE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; SEAWATER ACCLIMATION; RAPID
REGULATION
AB As global change alters multiple environmental conditions, predicting species' responses can be challenging without understanding how each environmental factor influences organismal performance. Approaches quantifying mechanistic relationships can greatly complement correlative field data, strengthening our abilities to forecast global change impacts. Substantial salinity increases are projected in the San Francisco Estuary, California, due to anthropogenic water diversion and climatic changes, where the critically endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) largely occurs in a low-salinity zone (LSZ), despite their ability to tolerate a much broader salinity range. In this study, we combined molecular and organismal measures to quantify the physiological mechanisms and sublethal responses involved in coping with salinity changes. Delta smelt utilize a suite of conserved molecular mechanisms to rapidly adjust their osmoregulatory physiology in response to salinity changes in estuarine environments. However, these responses can be energetically expensive, and delta smelt body condition was reduced at high salinities. Thus, acclimating to salinities outside the LSZ could impose energetic costs that constrain delta smelt's ability to exploit these habitats. By integrating data across biological levels, we provide key insight into the mechanistic relationships contributing to phenotypic plasticity and distribution limitations and advance the understanding of the molecular osmoregulatory responses in nonmodel estuarine fishes.
C1 [Komoroske, Lisa M.; Jeffries, Ken M.; Dexter, Jason; Hasenbein, Matthias; Verhille, Christine; Fangue, Nann A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Komoroske, Lisa M.; Jeffries, Ken M.; Connon, Richard E.; Hasenbein, Matthias] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Komoroske, Lisa M.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Fangue, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM nafangue@ucdavis.edu
FU University of California Agricultural Experiment Station [2098-H];
United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation
[R12AP20018]; California State and Federal Contractors Water Agency
[15-13]; California Delta Stewardship Council [201015533]; National
Science Foundation Graduate-12 Fellowship Program under DGE [0841297];
California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral and Post-Doctoral
Fellowships; Bavarian Elite Programme Universitat Bayern e.V.
scholarship; TUM Graduate School's Faculty Graduate Center Weihenstephan
at Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany
FX We thank FCCL staff, in particular J. Lindberg, L. Ellison, and G. Tigan
for extensive assistance facilitating experiments and providing
experimental fish, as well as invaluable knowledge on delta smelt
culture and handling. We are grateful to D. Cocherell, R. Kaufman, P.
Lutes, and E. Hallen for providing experimental facilities and fish
husbandry expertise, B. Decourten, S. Hasenbein, B. Cheng, J. Truong, I.
Huang, R. McPherson, and R. Chiong for their assistance with experiments
and laboratory analyses and T. Moore, and M. Jennings for their aid with
G. I. S. mapping. This work was supported by the University of
California Agricultural Experiment Station [grant number 2098-H to
N.A.F.], the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation
[grant number R12AP20018 to R.E.C. and N.A.F.], the California State and
Federal Contractors Water Agency [grant number 15-13 to R.E.C.], and the
California Delta Stewardship Council [contract number 201015533 to
R.E.C. and N.A.F.]. Funding was provided to L.M.K. by the National
Science Foundation Graduate-12 Fellowship Program [under DGE grant
number 0841297 to S. L. Williams and B. Ludaescher] and to both L.M.K.
and K.M.J. by California Sea Grant Delta Science Doctoral and
Post-Doctoral Fellowships, respectively. Partial student funding was
provided to M.H. by the Bavarian Elite Programme Universitat Bayern e.V.
scholarship for graduate and postgraduate students. The authors
acknowledge the support of the TUM Graduate School's Faculty Graduate
Center Weihenstephan at Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany.
NR 96
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 22
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1752-4571
J9 EVOL APPL
JI Evol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 8
BP 963
EP 981
DI 10.1111/eva.12385
PG 19
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA DW6XP
UT WOS:000383795000003
PM 27606005
ER
PT J
AU Thorson, JT
Ianelli, JN
Larsen, EA
Ries, L
Scheuerell, MD
Szuwalski, C
Zipkin, EF
AF Thorson, James T.
Ianelli, James N.
Larsen, Elise A.
Ries, Leslie
Scheuerell, Mark D.
Szuwalski, Cody
Zipkin, Elise F.
TI Joint dynamic species distribution models: a tool for community
ordination and spatio-temporal monitoring
SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; dynamic factor analysis; flight curve; geostatistics;
spatio-temporal model; species co-occurrence; species distribution
model; species ordination
ID TIME-SERIES; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BERING-SEA; ABUNDANCE;
ECOLOGY; APPROXIMATION; CONSERVATION; COOCCURRENCE; BUTTERFLIES
AB AimSpatial analysis of the distribution and density of species is of continuing interest within theoretical and applied ecology. Species distribution models (SDMs) are being increasingly used to analyse count, presence-absence and presence-only data sets. There is a growing literature on dynamic SDMs (which incorporate temporal variation in species distribution), joint SDMs (which simultaneously analyse the correlated distribution of multiple species) and geostatistical models (which account for similarity between nearby sites caused by unobserved covariates). However, no previous study has combined all three attributes within a single framework.
InnovationWe develop spatial dynamic factor analysis for use as a joint, dynamic SDM' (JDSDM), which uses geostatistical methods to account for spatial similarity when estimating one or more factors'. Each factor evolves over time following a density-dependent (Gompertz) process, and the log-density of each species is approximated as a linear combination of different factors. We demonstrate a JDSDM using two multispecies case studies (an annual survey of bottom-associated species in the Bering Sea and a seasonal survey of butterfly density in the continental USA), and also provide our code publicly as an R package.
Main conclusionsCase study applications show that that JDSDMs can be used for species ordination, i.e. showing that dynamics for butterfly species within the same genus are significantly more correlated than for species from different genera. We also demonstrate how JDSDMs can rapidly identify dominant patterns in community dynamics, including the decline and recovery of several Bering Sea fishes since 2008, and the flight curves' typical of early or late-emerging butterflies. We conclude by suggesting future research that could incorporate phylogenetic relatedness or functional similarity, and propose that our approach could be used to monitor community dynamics at large spatial and temporal scales.
C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Ianelli, James N.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Larsen, Elise A.] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD USA.
[Ries, Leslie] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
[Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Szuwalski, Cody] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm & Resource Management, Sustainable Fisheries Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Szuwalski, Cody] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Zipkin, Elise F.] Michigan State Univ, Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behav Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov
OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010
NR 58
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 18
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1466-822X
EI 1466-8238
J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR
JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 9
BP 1144
EP 1158
DI 10.1111/geb.12464
PG 15
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA DW3AV
UT WOS:000383515300010
ER
PT J
AU Li, XF
Hu, ZZ
Jiang, XW
Li, YQ
Gao, ZT
Yang, S
Zhu, JS
Jha, B
AF Li, Xiaofan
Hu, Zeng-Zhen
Jiang, Xingwen
Li, Yueqing
Gao, Zongting
Yang, Song
Zhu, Jieshun
Jha, Bhaskar
TI Trend and seasonality of land precipitation in observations and CMIP5
model simulations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE land precipitation; mean and seasonality; climatology and trend;
observations and CMIP5
ID GLOBAL WATER CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELS; SOUTH-AMERICA; VARIABILITY; CHINA
AB In this study, we examined the annual precipitation amounts, the seasonality over global land and their linear trends, as well as the uncertainties in two observations (precipitation reconstruction and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre), and then compared them with historical runs by multiple models. Overall, the large-scale patterns of both the climatology of the annual precipitation amount and the seasonality are consistent between the two observations. Nevertheless, some noticeable differences existed, particularly in the regions with fewer gauge observations, such as northern Africa and the Tibetan Plateau. For long-term changes, significant drying trends during 1948-2005 were observed in the tropical areas of northern Africa, accompanied by significant wetting trends in the polar region of Canada. The seasonality change during the period was dominated by a decreasing trend in precipitation, especially in the western portion of Russia. The model simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) reproduced the climatological mean state of annual precipitation and its seasonality in the observations, as well as to some extent the zonal mean trends of precipitation amounts, but did not reproduce the zonal mean trends of seasonality. The two-dimensional distribution of linear trends of annual precipitation and seasonality simulated by CMIP5 models showed little consistency with their observational counterparts. One possibility for the inconsistencies was that they were largely determined by internal variations of the climate system rather than external forcings. In contrast, it might also suggest a challenge for state-of-the-art climate models to correctly simulate the spatial distribution of responses of annual precipitation amounts and seasonality to the evolution of external forcings. Our results suggest that, in addition to the precipitation amount, seasonality should be used as a metric to assess the ability of a climate model to simulate current climate conditions and project future climate change.
C1 [Li, Xiaofan] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Zhu, Jieshun; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Jiang, Xingwen; Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
[Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun, Peoples R China.
[Gao, Zongting] Lab Res Middle High Latitude Circulat & East Asia, Changchun, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Zhu, Jieshun; Jha, Bhaskar] Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov
RI Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91337107, 41375081,
41475039]
FX We thank the reviewers for their constructive suggestions, which led to
a significant improvement of the paper quality. This work was jointly
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants
91337107, 41375081, and 41475039). We acknowledge the World Climate
Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is
responsible for CMIP (http://pcmdi3.llnl.gov/esgcet/home.html). We also
thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available
their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Programme
for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating
support and leads development of software infrastructure in partnership
with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The GPCC
data are available from
'http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.gpcc.html', and PREC
data are available from ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/precip/50yr/gauge/.
For the data of the analysis shown in this study, please contact us via
zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 15
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0899-8418
EI 1097-0088
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 36
IS 11
BP 3781
EP 3793
DI 10.1002/joc.4592
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW4MB
UT WOS:000383616100010
ER
PT J
AU Tchoua, RB
Qin, J
Audus, DJ
Chard, K
Foster, IT
de Pablo, J
AF Tchoua, Roselyne B.
Qin, Jian
Audus, Debra J.
Chard, Kyle
Foster, Ian T.
de Pablo, Juan
TI Blending Education and Polymer Science: Semiautomated Creation of a
Thermodynamic Property Database
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Polymer Chemistry; Physical Properties; Materials Science;
Computer-Based Learning; Collaborative/Cooperative Learning; Curriculum;
First-Year Undergraduate; General Public
ID INFORMATION LITERACY; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; METHACRYLATE); KNOWLEDGE
AB Structured databases of chemical and physical properties play a central role in the everyday research activities of scientists and engineers. In materials science, researchers and engineers turn to these databases to quickly query, compare, and aggregate various properties, thereby allowing for the development or application of new materials. The vast majority of these databases have been generated manually, through decades of labor-intensive harvesting of information from the literature, yet while there are many examples of commonly used databases, a significant number of important properties remain locked within the tables, figures, and text of publications. The question addressed in our work is whether and to what extent the process of data collection can be automated. Students of the physical sciences and engineering are often confronted with the challenge of finding and applying property data from the literature, and a central aspect of their education is to develop the critical skills needed to identify such data and discern their meaning or validity. To address shortcomings associated with automated information extraction while simultaneously preparing the next generation of scientists for their future endeavors, we developed a novel course-based approach in which students develop skills in polymer chemistry and physics and apply their knowledge by assisting with the semiautomated creation of a thermodynamic property database.
C1 [Tchoua, Roselyne B.; Foster, Ian T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Qin, Jian] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Audus, Debra J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[de Pablo, Juan] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Chard, Kyle; Foster, Ian T.; de Pablo, Juan] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Foster, Ian T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
[de Pablo, Juan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
RP de Pablo, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; de Pablo, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; de Pablo, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
EM depablo@uchicago.edu
FU NIST through Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD)
FX We thank Jack F. Douglas of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, as well as Karl F. Freed and Jacek Dudowicz of the
University of Chicago, for their comments. This work was supported by
the NIST through the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD).
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9584
EI 1938-1328
J9 J CHEM EDUC
JI J. Chem. Educ.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 93
IS 9
BP 1561
EP 1568
DI 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b01032
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research
GA DW7KD
UT WOS:000383828700011
PM 27795574
ER
PT J
AU Mcgray, C
Copeland, CR
Stavis, SM
Geist, J
AF Mcgray, C.
Copeland, C. R.
Stavis, S. M.
Geist, J.
TI Centroid precision and orientation precision of planar localization
microscopy
SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Centroid precision; localization microscopy; localization precision;
orientation precision; uncertainty
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE LOCALIZATION; SPREAD FUNCTION MODEL; FIXED PATTERN
NOISE; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; REGISTRATION METHODS; IMAGE
REGISTRATION; DRIFT CORRECTION; RESOLUTION; DEFORMATION; UNCERTAINTY
AB The concept of localization precision, which is essential to localization microscopy, is formally extended from optical point sources to microscopic rigid bodies. Measurement functions are presented to calculate the planar pose and motion of microscopic rigid bodies from localization microscopy data. Physical lower bounds on the associated uncertainties - termed centroid precision and orientation precision - are derived analytically in terms of the characteristics of the optical measurement system and validated numerically by Monte Carlo simulations. The practical utility of these expressions is demonstrated experimentally by an analysis of the motion of a microelectromechanical goniometer indicated by a sparse constellation of fluorescent nanoparticles. Centroid precision and orientation precision, as developed here, are useful concepts due to the generality of the expressions and the widespread interest in localization microscopy for super-resolution imaging and particle tracking.
C1 [Mcgray, C.; Geist, J.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Copeland, C. R.; Stavis, S. M.] NIST, Ctr Jor Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Copeland, C. R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Mcgray, C.] Modern Microsyst, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Mcgray, C (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM craig.mcgray@nist.gov
FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program; University of Maryland;
National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland
[70NANB10H193]
FX This research was performed in the Physical Measurement Laboratory and
the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI). The authors acknowledge
support of this research under the NIST Innovations in Measurement
Science Program. C.R.C. acknowledges support of this research under the
Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and
the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of
Maryland.
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 10
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-2720
EI 1365-2818
J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD
JI J. Microsc..
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 263
IS 3
BP 238
EP 249
DI 10.1111/jmi.12384
PG 12
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA DW2EU
UT WOS:000383456500002
PM 26970565
ER
PT J
AU Chang, M
AF Chang, Milton
TI Photonics communications, social media, and video-scientific information
in a new media age
SO LASER FOCUS WORLD
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Chang, Milton] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Chang, Milton] NIST, Visiting Comm Adv Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chang, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Chang, M (reprint author), NIST, Visiting Comm Adv Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM miltonchang@incubic.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PENNWELL PUBL CO
PI NASHUA
PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA
SN 1043-8092
J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD
JI Laser Focus World
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 52
IS 9
BP 72
EP 72
PG 1
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DW1PE
UT WOS:000383414300020
ER
PT J
AU Johnston-Peck, AC
Levin, I
Herzing, AA
Bendersky, LA
AF Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.
Levin, Igor
Herzing, Andrew A.
Bendersky, Leonid A.
TI Structural studies of Li1.2Mn0.55Ni0.15Co0.1O2 electrode material
SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Lithium battery material; Scanning transmission electron microscopy;
X-ray diffraction
ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; METAL OXIDE ELECTRODES;
VOLTAGE FADE; CATHODE MATERIALS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; SOLID-SOLUTION; MN;
MICROSCOPY; STABILITY
AB A pristine Li-rich layered electrode material with composition Li1.2Mn0.55Ni0.15Co0.1O2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy to determine whether it is a coherent mixture of monoclinic C2/m Li2MO3 and trigonal R3m LiMO2 phases or a solid solution of the monoclinic phase. Contradictory results have been previously reported which can be attributed to the complexity and structural similarity of the monoclinic and trigonal phases. We resolved this uncertainty by combining diffraction and imaging techniques that probe complimentary length scales. Our results demonstrate that the structure is primarily monoclinic, supporting the solid solution model, although near surface structural alterations were also observed. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Johnston-Peck, Aaron C.; Levin, Igor; Herzing, Andrew A.; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Johnston-Peck, AC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM aaron.johnston-peck@nist.gov
FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology
FX We thank Bryant J. Polzin and Andrew N. Jansen (Argonne National
Laboratory) for providing the HE5050 powder. This research was performed
while A.C.J.-P. held a National Research Council Research Associateship
Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Certain
commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order
to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such
identification imply recommendations by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the material or
equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1044-5803
EI 1873-4189
J9 MATER CHARACT
JI Mater. Charact.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 119
BP 120
EP 128
DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2016.07.013
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA DW0AX
UT WOS:000383304400015
PM 27746662
ER
PT J
AU Townley-Smith, K
Nave, G
Pickering, JC
Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ
AF Townley-Smith, Keeley
Nave, Gillian
Pickering, Juliet C.
Blackwell-Whitehead, Richard J.
TI Hyperfine structure constants for singly ionized manganese (Mn II) using
Fourier transform spectroscopy
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE atomic data; line: profiles; methods: laboratory: atomic; techniques:
spectroscopic
ID ULTRAVIOLET
AB We expand on the comprehensive study of hyperfine structure (HFS) in Mn II conducted by Holt et al. (1999) by verifying hyperfine magnetic dipole constants (A) for 20 levels previously measured by Holt et al. (1999) and deriving A constants for 47 previously unstudied levels. The HFS patterns were measured in archival spectra from Fourier transform (FT) spectrometers at Imperial College London and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Analysis of the FT spectra was carried out in XGREMLIN. Our A constant for the ground level has a lower uncertainty by a factor of 6 than that of Blackwell-Whitehead et al.
C1 [Townley-Smith, Keeley] Lamar Univ, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA.
[Nave, Gillian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pickering, Juliet C.; Blackwell-Whitehead, Richard J.] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England.
RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gnave@nist.gov
FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program; Astrophysics
Research and Analysis program of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration of the USA; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council of the UK; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK
FX This work was performed by KTS as a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow
at NIST. She thanks the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship
Program and Mr David J. Beck for funding her research fellowship at
NIST. This work was partially funded by the Astrophysics Research and
Analysis program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of
the USA, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the
UK, and the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 461
IS 1
BP 73
EP 78
DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1311
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DV9PE
UT WOS:000383272500007
ER
PT J
AU Lim, K
Ropp, C
Barik, S
Fourkas, J
Shapiro, B
Waks, E
AF Lim, Kangmook
Ropp, Chad
Barik, Sabyasachi
Fourkas, John
Shapiro, Benjamin
Waks, Edo
TI Nanostructure-Induced Distortion in Single-Emitter Microscopy
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Super-resolution microscopy; near-field coupling distortion;
displacement; probing imaging
ID FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; QUANTUM DOTS; LOCALIZATION MICROSCOPY; METAL
NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; EMISSION; NANOCATALYSTS;
PRECISION; CATALYSIS
AB Single-emitter microscopy has emerged as a promising method of imaging nanostructures with nanoscale resolution. This technique uses the centroid position of an emitters far-field radiation pattern to infer its position to a precision that is far below the diffraction limit. However, nanostructures composed of high-dielectric materials such as noble metals can distort the far-field radiation pattern. Previous work has shown that these distortions can significantly degrade the imaging of the local density of states in metallic nanowires using polarization-resolved imaging. But unlike nanowires, nanoparticles do not have a well-defined axis of symmetry, which makes polarization-resolved imaging difficult to apply. Nanoparticles also exhibit a more complex range of distortions, because in addition to introducing a high dielectric surface, they also act as efficient scatterers. Thus, the distortion effects of nanoparticles in single-emitter microscopy remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that metallic nanoparticles can significantly distort the accuracy of single-emitter imaging at distances exceeding 300 nm. We use a single quantum dot to probe both the magnitude and the direction of the metallic nanoparticle-induced imaging distortion and show that the diffraction spot of the quantum dot can shift by more than 35 nm. The centroid position of the emitter generally shifts away from the nanoparticle position, which is in contradiction to the conventional wisdom that the nanoparticle is a scattering object that will pull in the diffraction spot of the emitter toward its center. These results suggest that dielectric distortion of the emission pattern dominates over scattering. We also show that by monitoring the distortion of the quantum dot diffraction spot we can obtain high-resolution spatial images of the nanoparticle, providing a new method for performing highly precise, subdiffraction spatial imaging. These results provide a better understanding of the complex near-field coupling between emitters and nanostructures and open up new opportunities to perform super-resolution microscopy with higher accuracy.
C1 [Lim, Kangmook; Ropp, Chad; Barik, Sabyasachi; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lim, Kangmook; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Barik, Sabyasachi] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lim, Kangmook; Barik, Sabyasachi; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lim, Kangmook; Barik, Sabyasachi; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Fourkas, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Fourkas, John] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM edowaks@umd.edu
FU Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute
FX The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Physics
Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 15
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 9
BP 5415
EP 5419
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01708
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA DW1OI
UT WOS:000383412100015
PM 27552289
ER
PT J
AU Grutter, AJ
Vailionis, A
Borchers, JA
Kirby, BJ
Flint, CL
He, C
Arenholz, E
Suzuki, Y
AF Grutter, A. J.
Vailionis, A.
Borchers, J. A.
Kirby, B. J.
Flint, C. L.
He, C.
Arenholz, E.
Suzuki, Y.
TI Interfacial Symmetry Control of Emergent Ferromagnetism at the Nanoscale
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetism; perovskite; interfacial properties; superlattice; charge
transfer; interfacial symmetry
ID OXIDE SUPERLATTICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETISM
AB The emergence Of complex new ground states at interfaces has :been identified as one of the most promising routes to-highly tunable nanoscale materials. Despite recent progress, isolating and,controlling the underlying mechanisms behind these emergent properties remains among the most challenging materials physics problems to date. In-particular, generating ferromagnetism localized at the interface of two nonferromagnetic materials:lis :of fundamental and,tethnological interest. Moreover, the ability to turn the ferromagnetism on and off would shed light on the origin of such emergent phenomena and is promising for spintronic applications. We demonstrate that ferromagnetism confined within one unit cell at the interface of CaRuO3 and CaMnO3 can be switched on and off by changing the symmetry of the oxygen octahedra connectivity at the boundary., Interfaces that are symmetry-matched across the boundary exhibit interfacial CaMnO3 ferromagnetism:while the ferromagnetism at symmetry-mismatched interfaces is suppressed: We attribute the suppression of ferromagnetic order to a reduction in charge transfer at symmetry-mismatched interfaces, where frustrated bonding weakens the orbital overlap: Thus, interfacial symmetry is a. new route-to :control emergent ferromagnetism in materials such as CaMnO3,that exhibit antiferromagnetism bulk form.
C1 [Grutter, A. J.; Vailionis, A.; Flint, C. L.; Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Grutter, A. J.; Borchers, J. A.; Kirby, B. J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Grutter, A. J.; He, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Flint, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Arenholz, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Suzuki, Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Grutter, AJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Grutter, AJ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Grutter, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM alexander.grutter@nist.gov
RI Vailionis, Arturas/C-5202-2008
OI Vailionis, Arturas/0000-0001-5878-1864
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DESC0008505]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering
under Award No. DESC0008505. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The Advanced Light Source
is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231. Polarized neutron reflectivity and neutron
diffraction was performed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research
(supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce). We thank Dr. L.
Harriger, Dr. W. Ratcliff II, Dr. D. Parshall, Dr. S. Watson, Dr. R.
Erwin, and Dr. W. Chen for assistance with the neutron diffraction and
Dr. M. Stiles for fruitful discussions.
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 30
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 9
BP 5647
EP 5651
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02255
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA DW1OI
UT WOS:000383412100049
PM 27472285
ER
PT J
AU Shang, SL
Lindwall, G
Wang, Y
Redwing, JM
Anderson, T
Liu, ZK
AF Shang, Shun-Li
Lindwall, Greta
Wang, Yi
Redwing, Joan M.
Anderson, Tim
Liu, Zi-Kui
TI Lateral Versus Vertical Growth of Two-Dimensional Layered
Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Thermodynamic Insight into MoS2
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Molybdenum disulfide; controlled synthesis; first-principles
calculations; thermodynamic modeling; Mo-S phase diagram
ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; COMPREHENSIVE 1ST-PRINCIPLES;
MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH;
SURFACE-ENERGY; PURE ELEMENTS; MONOLAYER; FILMS; CRYSTALLINE
AB Unprecedented interest has been spurred recently in two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) that possess tunable electronic and optical properties. However, synthesis of a wafer-scale TMD thin film with controlled layers and homogeneity remains highly challenging due mainly to the lack of thermodynamic and diffusion knowledge, which can be used to understand and design process conditions, but falls far behind the rapidly growing TMD field. Here, an integrated density functional theory (DFT) and calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) modeling approach is employed to provide thermodynamic insight into lateral versus vertical growth of the prototypical 2D material MoS2. Various DFT energies are predicted from the layer-dependent MoS2, 2D flake-size related mono- and bilayer MoS2, to Mo and S migrations with and without graphene and sapphire substrates, thus shedding light on the factors that control lateral versus vertical growth of 2D islands. For example, the monolayer MoS2 flake in a small 2D lateral size is thermodynamically favorable with respect to the bilayer counterpart, indicating the monolayer preference during the initial stage of nucleation; while the bilayer MoS2 flake becomes stable with increasing 2D lateral size. The critical 2D flake-size of phase stability between mono- and bilayer MoS2 is adjustable via, the choice of substrate. In terms of DFT energies and CALPHAD modeling, the size dependent pressure temperature composition (P-T-x) growth windows are predicted for MoS2, indicating that the formation of MoS2 flake with reduced size appears in the middle but close to the lower T and higher P "Gas + MoS2" phase region. It further suggests that Mo diffusion is a controlling factor for MoS2 growth owing to its extremely low diffusivity compared to that of sulfur. Calculated MoS2 energies, Mo and S diffusivities, and size-dependent P-T-x growth windows are in good accord with available experiments, and the present data provide quantitative insight into the controlled growth of 2D layered MoS2.
C1 [Shang, Shun-Li; Lindwall, Greta; Wang, Yi; Redwing, Joan M.; Liu, Zi-Kui] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Anderson, Tim] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Lindwall, Greta] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shang, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM sus26@psu.edu
RI Shang, Shun-Li/A-6564-2009; Wang, Yi/D-1032-2013; Liu,
Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009
OI Shang, Shun-Li/0000-0002-6524-8897; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1230924, CHE-1230929]; Penn State
Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium - Materials Innovation Platform
(2DCC-MIP) - NSF [DMR-1539916]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department
of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [ACI-1053575]
FX This work was financially supported by National Science Foundation (NSF)
with the Grants CHE-1230924 and CHE-1230929, and the Penn State
Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium - Materials Innovation Platform
(2DCC-MIP) that is supported by NSF cooperative agreement DMR-1539916.
First-principles calculations were carried out partially on the LION
clusters at the Pennsylvania State University, partially on the
resources of NERSC supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and partially
on the resources of XSEDE supported by NSF with Grant ACI-1053575.
NR 56
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 70
U2 74
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 9
BP 5742
EP 5750
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02443
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA DW1OI
UT WOS:000383412100063
PM 27540753
ER
PT J
AU Narapusetty, B
Murtugudde, R
Wang, H
Kumar, A
AF Narapusetty, Balachandrudu
Murtugudde, Raghu
Wang, Hui
Kumar, Arun
TI Ocean-atmosphere processes driving Indian summer monsoon biases in CFSv2
hindcasts
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CFSv2 forecast biases; Indian summer monsoon rainfall; Dry-land biases
ID WESTERN ARABIAN SEA; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; RAINFALL VARIABILITY;
GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; ASIAN MONSOON; PREDICTION; CLIMATE; MODEL;
DYNAMICS
AB This paper analyzes the role of the Indian Ocean (IO) and the atmosphere biases in generating and sustaining large-scale precipitation biases over Central India (CI) during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) in the climate forecast system version 2 (CFSv2) hindcasts that are produced by initializing the system each month from January 1982 to March 2011. The CFSv2 hindcasts are characterized by a systematic dry monsoon bias over CI that deteriorate with forecast lead-times and coexist with a wet bias in the tropical IO suggesting a large-scale interplay between coupled ocean-atmosphere and land biases. The biases evolving from spring-initialized forecasts are analyzed in detail to understand the evolution of summer biases. The northward migration of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) that typically crosses the equator in the IO sector during April in nature is delayed in the hindcasts when the forecast system is initialized in early spring. Our analyses show that the delay in the ITCZ coexists with wind and SST biases and the associated processes project onto the seasonal evolution of the coupled ocean-atmosphere features. This delay in conjunction with the SST and the wind biases during late spring and early summer contributes to excessive precipitation over the ocean and leading to a deficit in rainfall over CI throughout the summer. Attribution of bias to a specific component in a coupled forecast system is particularly challenging as seemingly independent biases from one component affect the other components or are affected by their feedbacks. In the spring-initialized forecasts, the buildup of deeper thermocline in association with warmer SSTs due to the enhanced Ekman pumping in the southwest IO inhibits the otherwise typical northward propagation of ITCZ in the month of April. Beyond this deficiency in the forecasts, two key ocean-atmosphere coupled mechanisms are identified; one in the Arabian Sea, where a positive windstress curl bias in conjunction with warmer SSTs lead to a weakening of Findlater jet and the other in the east equatorial IO where a remote forcing by the predominantly westerly bias in the western-central equatorial IO in the summer strengthen the seasonal downwelling Kelvin wave that in turn deepens the thermocline in the eastern IO. The equatorial Kelvin wave continues as a coastal Kelvin wave and disperses as Rossby waves off Sumatra and induces positive SST and precipitation biases in the eastern and southern Bay of Bengal. This study shows that the biases that first appear in winds lead to a cascade of coupled processes that exacerbate the subsequent biases by modulating the evolution of seasonal processes such as the annual Kelvin and Rossby waves and the cross-equatorial vertically integrated moisture transport. While this analysis does not offer any particular insights into improving the ISM forecasts, it is a foundational first step towards this goal.
C1 [Narapusetty, Balachandrudu; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Narapusetty, Balachandrudu] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wang, Hui] INNOVIM, College Pk, MD USA.
[Wang, Hui] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Kumar, Arun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Narapusetty, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Narapusetty, B (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM bnarapus@umd.edu
FU Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences,
Government of India [MM/SERP/Univ_Maryland_USA/2013/INT-16/002]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the
Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences,
Government of India (MM/SERP/Univ_Maryland_USA/2013/INT-16/002) to
conduct this research under Monsoon Mission. The authors also
acknowledge Dr. Krishnan, Dr. Rajeevan, Dr. Shukla, and Dr. Kinter for
helpful comments and discussions.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 5-6
BP 1417
EP 1433
DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2910-9
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU3LK
UT WOS:000382112000005
ER
PT J
AU Stanfield, RE
Jiang, JH
Dong, XQ
Xi, BK
Su, H
Donner, L
Rotstayn, L
Wu, TW
Cole, J
Shindo, E
AF Stanfield, Ryan E.
Jiang, Jonathan H.
Dong, Xiquan
Xi, Baike
Su, Hui
Donner, Leo
Rotstayn, Leon
Wu, Tongwen
Cole, Jason
Shindo, Eiki
TI A quantitative assessment of precipitation associated with the ITCZ in
the CMIP5 GCM simulations
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE GCM; Global climate models; GCM precipitation; Model precipitation;
AMIP; CMIP; CMIP5; Climate change; ITCZ; GCM bias
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PACIFIC COLD-TONGUE; LARGE-SCALE MODELS;
INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; NASA
GISS CMIP5; PART I; CUMULUS CONVECTION; RAINFALL PRODUCTS
AB According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment Report, the broad-scale features of precipitation as simulated by Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are in modest agreement with observations, however, large systematic errors are found in the Tropics. In this study, a new algorithm has been developed to define the North Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) through several metrics, including: the centerline position of the ITCZ, the width of the ITCZ, and the magnitude of precipitation along the defined ITCZ. These metrics provide a quantitative analysis of precipitation associated with the ITCZ over the equatorial northern Pacific. Results from 29 CMIP5 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) Global Circulation Model (GCM) runs are compared with Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations. Similarities and differences between the GCM simulations and observations are analyzed with the intent of quantifying magnitude-, location-, and width-based biases within the GCMs. Comparisons show that most of the GCMs tend to simulate a stronger, wider ITCZ shifted slightly northward compared to the ITCZ in GPCP and TRMM observations. Comparisons of CMIP and AMIP simulated precipitation using like-models were found to be nearly equally distributed, with roughly half of GCMs showing an increase (decrease) in precipitation when coupled (decoupled) from their respective ocean model. Further study is warranted to understand these differences.
C1 [Stanfield, Ryan E.; Dong, Xiquan; Xi, Baike] Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
[Jiang, Jonathan H.; Su, Hui] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Donner, Leo] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Rotstayn, Leon] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
[Wu, Tongwen] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Cole, Jason] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Shindo, Eiki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Univ Ave Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
EM dong@aero.und.edu
FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology
under NASA; NASA CERES [NNX14AP84G]; EPSCoR projects; NASA [ROSES12-MAP,
ROSE13-NDOA]
FX We would like to acknowledge the contributions made by Trond Iversen,
for providing information and references on the NorESM model, and the
contributions made by Cyril Morcrette, for his comments and suggestions
related to HadGEM2-A model. The authors acknowledge the support by the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology
under contract with NASA. The researchers at University of North Dakota
were supported by NASA CERES (NNX14AP84G) and EPSCoR projects, and the
researchers at JPL were supported by NASA ROSES12-MAP and ROSE13-NDOA
projects. Data were obtained from the CMIP5 ESGF PCMDI database at
http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/esgf-web-fe/. GPCP and TRMM data are also
provided by the Obs4MIPS program and are available as well from the ESGF
PCMDI database at http://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/esgf-web-fe/. The GPCP SG
combined precipitation data were developed and computed at the
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes
Laboratory - Atmospheres as a contribution to the GEWEX Global
Precipitation Climatology Project.
NR 64
TC 0
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U1 7
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 5-6
BP 1863
EP 1880
DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2937-y
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU3LK
UT WOS:000382112000031
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XF
Zhang, SQ
Liu, ZY
Wu, XR
Han, GJ
AF Zhang, Xuefeng
Zhang, Shaoqing
Liu, Zhengyu
Wu, Xinrong
Han, Guijun
TI Correction of biased climate simulated by biased physics through
parameter estimation in an intermediate coupled model
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coupled model; Coupled data assimilation; Parameter estimation; Climate
prediction; Model bias
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; OPTIMIZATION; PREDICTION
AB Imperfect physical parameterization schemes are an important source of model bias in a coupled model and adversely impact the performance of model simulation. With a coupled ocean-atmosphere-land model of intermediate complexity, the impact of imperfect parameter estimation on model simulation with biased physics has been studied. Here, the biased physics is induced by using different outgoing longwave radiation schemes in the assimilation and "truth" models. To mitigate model bias, the parameters employed in the biased longwave radiation scheme are optimized using three different methods: least-squares parameter fitting (LSPF), single-valued parameter estimation and geography-dependent parameter optimization (GPO), the last two of which belong to the coupled model parameter estimation (CMPE) method. While the traditional LSPF method is able to improve the performance of coupled model simulations, the optimized parameter values from the CMPE, which uses the coupled model dynamics to project observational information onto the parameters, further reduce the bias of the simulated climate arising from biased physics. Further, parameters estimated by the GPO method can properly capture the climate-scale signal to improve the simulation of climate variability. These results suggest that the physical parameter estimation via the CMPE scheme is an effective approach to restrain the model climate drift during decadal climate predictions using coupled general circulation models.
C1 [Zhang, Xuefeng] Harbin Engn Univ, Coll Automat, Harbin, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Xuefeng; Wu, Xinrong; Han, Guijun] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI USA.
[Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmospher Studies, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, XF (reprint author), Harbin Engn Univ, Coll Automat, Harbin, Peoples R China.; Zhang, XF (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
EM xfz_nmdis@163.com
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304]; National
High-Tech R&D Program of China [2013AA09A505]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [41541041, 41206178, 41376015, 41376013]
FX The authors want to thank Drs. Gabriel Vecchi and Isaac Held at GFDL for
their generous discussions on the topic. The first author wants to also
thank Matt Harrison for his help during the first author's stay at GFDL
as a visiting scholar. The authors also wish to express their gratitude
to two reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions, which
contributed to greatly improve the original manuscript. This work was
supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.
2013CB430304), National High-Tech R&D Program of China (No.
2013AA09A505), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.
41541041, 41206178, 41376015 and 41376013).
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 47
IS 5-6
BP 1899
EP 1912
DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2939-9
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU3LK
UT WOS:000382112000033
ER
PT J
AU Knutson, TR
Ploshay, JJ
AF Knutson, Thomas R.
Ploshay, Jeffrey J.
TI Detection of anthropogenic influence on a summertime heat stress index
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE EXTREMES; 20-1ST CENTURY; WAVES; AUSTRALIA; HUMIDITY;
INCREASE; FREQUENT; RECORD; LONGER
AB One of the most consequential impacts of anthropogenic warming on humans may be increased heat stress, combining temperature and humidity effects. Here we examine whether there are now detectable changes in summertime heat stress over land regions. As a heat stress metric we use a simplified wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. Observed trends in WBGT (1973-2012) are compared to trends from CMIP5 historical simulations (eight-model ensemble) using either anthropogenic and natural forcing agents combined or natural forcings alone. Our analysis suggests that there has been a detectable anthropogenic increase in mean summertime heat stress since 1973, both globally and in most land regions analyzed. A detectable increase is found over a larger fraction of land for WBGT than for temperature, as WBGT summertime means have lower interannual variability than surface temperature at gridbox scales. Notably, summertime WBGT over land has continued increasing in recent years--consistent with climate models--despite the apparent 'hiatus' in global warming and despite a decreasing tendency in observed relative humidity over land since the late 1990s.
C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Ploshay, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM Tom.Knutson@noaa.gov
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 14
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
EI 1573-1480
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 1-2
BP 25
EP 39
DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1708-z
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU3UT
UT WOS:000382138400003
ER
PT J
AU Mason, LA
Riseng, CM
Gronewold, AD
Rutherford, ES
Wang, J
Clites, A
Smith, SDP
McIntyre, PB
AF Mason, Lacey A.
Riseng, Catherine M.
Gronewold, Andrew D.
Rutherford, Edward S.
Wang, Jia
Clites, Anne
Smith, Sigrid D. P.
McIntyre, Peter B.
TI Fine-scale spatial variation in ice cover and surface temperature trends
across the surface of the Laurentian Great Lakes
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES; IMPACTS; WINTER; REGION; EVAPORATION; PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT
AB The effects of climate change on north temperate freshwater ecosystems include increasing water temperatures and decreasing ice cover. Here we compare those trends in the Laurentian Great Lakes at three spatial scales to evaluate how warming varies across the surface of these massive inland water bodies. We compiled seasonal ice cover duration (1973-2013) and lake summer surface water temperatures (LSSWT; 1994-2013), and analyzed spatial patterns and trends at lake-wide, lake sub-basin, and fine spatial scales and compared those to reported lake- and basin-wide trends. At the lake-wide scale we found declining ice duration and warming LSSWT patterns consistent with previous studies. At the lake sub-basin scale, our statistical models identified distinct warming trends within each lake that included significant breakpoints in ice duration for 13 sub-basins, consistent linear declines in 11 sub-basins, and no trends in 4 sub-basins. At the finest scale, we found that the northern- and eastern-most portions of each Great Lake, especially in nearshore areas, have experienced faster rates of LSSWT warming and shortening ice duration than those previously reported from trends at the lake scale. We conclude that lake-level analyses mask significant spatial and temporal variation in warming patterns within the Laurentian Great Lakes. Recognizing spatial variability in rates of change can inform both mechanistic modeling of ecosystem responses and planning for long-term management of these large freshwater ecosystems.
C1 [Mason, Lacey A.; Riseng, Catherine M.; Smith, Sigrid D. P.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Mason, Lacey A.] Univ Michigan, Fisheries Res Inst, 400 North Ingalls,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Mason, Lacey A.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 400 North Ingalls,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Gronewold, Andrew D.; Rutherford, Edward S.; Wang, Jia; Clites, Anne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Mason, LA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Mason, LA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Fisheries Res Inst, 400 North Ingalls,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Mason, LA (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 400 North Ingalls,NIB G250, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM lmas@umich.edu
OI Mason, Lacey/0000-0003-1541-3134
FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2010 1206]; Michigan Department of Natural
Resources; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes
Environmental Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Great Lakes
Environmental Mapping and Assessment Project; Erb Family Foundation;
University of Wisconsin Water Resource Institute [WR11R02]
FX The work presented in this manuscript was supported by the Great Lakes
Fishery Trust (2010 1206), Michigan Department of Natural Resources,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes
Environmental Research Laboratory, the University of Michigan, the Great
Lakes Environmental Mapping and Assessment Project, the Erb Family
Foundation, and the University of Wisconsin Water Resource Institute
(WR11R02). The project was developed as part of the Great Lakes Aquatic
Habitat Framework. Special thanks to Jason Breck for providing advice on
data processing and coding statistical analyses. This is contribution
#1822 of the NOAA GLERL.
NR 59
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U1 11
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
EI 1573-1480
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 138
IS 1-2
BP 71
EP 83
DI 10.1007/s10584-016-1721-2
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU3UT
UT WOS:000382138400006
ER
PT J
AU Johnston, MA
Embesi, JA
Eckert, RJ
Nuttall, MF
Hickerson, EL
Schmahl, GP
AF Johnston, Michelle A.
Embesi, John A.
Eckert, Ryan J.
Nuttall, Marissa F.
Hickerson, Emma L.
Schmahl, George P.
TI Persistence of coral assemblages at East and West Flower Garden Banks,
Gulf of Mexico
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral; Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary; Gulf of Mexico;
Monitoring
AB Since 1989 a federally supported long-term coral reef monitoring program has focused on two study sites atop East and West Flower Garden Banks in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. We examined 25 yr of benthic cover data to provide a multi-decadal baseline and trend analysis of the community structure for this coral reef system. Despite global coral reef decline in recent decades, mean coral cover at East and West Flower Garden Banks was above 50% for the combined 25 yr of continuous monitoring, and represented a stable coral community. However, mean macroalgal cover increased significantly between 1998 and 1999, rising from approximately 3 to 20%, and reaching a maximum above 30% in 2012. In contrast to many other shallow water reefs in the Caribbean region, increases in mean macroalgal cover have not been concomitant with coral cover decline at the Flower Garden Banks.
C1 [Johnston, Michelle A.; Embesi, John A.; Eckert, Ryan J.; Nuttall, Marissa F.; Hickerson, Emma L.; Schmahl, George P.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, 4700 Ave U,Bldg 216, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
RP Johnston, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, 4700 Ave U,Bldg 216, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
EM michelle.a.johnston@noaa.gov
FU BOEM [M09PG00011, M14PG00020]; FGBNMS [M09PG00011, M14PG00020]
FX We thank the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean
Energy Management (BOEM), as well as scientific divers from Texas A&M
University-Galveston, the crews of the RV Manta, MV Fling and MV Spree,
and previous researchers including T. Bright, S. Gittings, G. Boland, Q.
Dokken, teams from Texas A&M University, Continental Shelf Associates,
Inc., and PBS&J. We also thank the anonymous referees for their
insightful comments. This study was funded through an interagency
agreement between BOEM and the FGBNMS under contract numbers M09PG00011
and M14PG00020. Field work was carried out under permits:
FGBNMS-2014-001, FGBNMS-2009-001, FGBNMS-2004-001, FGBNMS-2007-008.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
EI 1432-0975
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 35
IS 3
BP 821
EP 826
DI 10.1007/s00338-016-1452-x
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DU2CU
UT WOS:000382019400007
ER
PT J
AU Freitag, A
AF Freitag, Amy
TI A typology for strategies to connect citizen science and management
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive management; Citizen science; Policy outcomes;
Programdevelopment; Science-policy boundary
ID ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; BOUNDARY ORGANIZATIONS;
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; INFORMATION; VOLUNTEER; POLICY; USA; CONSERVATION;
SYSTEMS
AB One of the often cited benefits of citizen science is better connecting citizens and their science to adaptive management outcomes. However, there is no consensus as to whether this is a reasonable expectation, and if so, how best to approach creating a successful link to management. This review finds cases where the citizen science-management link is explicitly discussed and places each case into a meta-analysis framework that will help define some general successful approaches to forming such a link. We categorize the types of linkages between citizen science and management along two main axes: cooperative to adversarial and deliberate to serendipitous. Cooperative and deliberate types of linkages are the most common, likely due to a mix of causes: that such links are the most commonly written about in the scientific literature, because such links tend to exist for longer amounts of time, and because other types of links tend to drift toward the cooperative/ deliberate approach over time.
C1 [Freitag, Amy] NOAA, Virginia Sea Grant, Chesapeake Bay Off, 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
RP Freitag, A (reprint author), NOAA, Virginia Sea Grant, Chesapeake Bay Off, 1208 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
EM afreitag33@gmail.com
FU Packard Foundation
FX A.F. developed this review to help the California Citizen Science
Initiative (CCSI) which investigated how citizen science can contribute
to marine protected area management. "We" in this paper refers to the
whole CCSI team and their hard work is much appreciated: R. Meyer, H.
Ballard, F. Shilling, O. Boyle, M. Hall-Arber, J. Freiwald, and L.
Fortmann. The CCSI was supported by the Packard Foundation.
NR 65
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Z9 0
U1 13
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
EI 1573-2959
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 188
IS 9
DI 10.1007/s10661-016-5513-y
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DV7PH
UT WOS:000383128100022
PM 27526044
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, M
Emteborg, H
AF Phillips, Melissa
Emteborg, Hakan
TI Who Needs Reference Materials?
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Phillips, Melissa] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Emteborg, Hakan] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium.
RP Phillips, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov; hakan.emteborg@ec.europa.eu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AOAC INT
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA
SN 1060-3271
EI 1944-7922
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2016
VL 99
IS 5
BP 1145
EP 1145
DI 10.5740/jaoacint.16-0188
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA DV8WX
UT WOS:000383218500002
PM 27619654
ER
PT J
AU Lahmers, TM
Castro, CL
Adams, DK
Serra, YL
Brost, JJ
Luong, T
AF Lahmers, Timothy M.
Castro, Christopher L.
Adams, David K.
Serra, Yolande L.
Brost, John J.
Luong, Thang
TI Long-Term Changes in the Climatology of Transient Inverted Troughs over
the North American Monsoon Region and Their Effects on Precipitation
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID RECENT OBSERVATIONAL RECORD; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; MODELING SYSTEM
RAMS; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; FEATURE TRACKING; CENTRAL ARIZONA; SUMMER
CLIMATE; NAME 2004; VARIABILITY; EXTREMES
AB Transient inverted troughs (IVs) are a trigger for severe weather during the North American monsoon (NAM) in the southwest contiguous United States (CONUS) and northwest Mexico. These upper-tropospheric disturbances enhance the synoptic-scale and mesoscale environment for organized convection, increasing the chances for microbursts, straight-line winds, blowing dust, and flash flooding. This work considers changes in the track density climatology of IVs between 1951 and 2010. IVs are tracked as potential vorticity (PV) anomalies on the 250-hPa surface from a regional climate model that dynamically downscales the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1. Late in the NAM season, a significant increase in IV track density over the 60-yr period is observed over Southern California and western Arizona, coupled with a slight decrease over northwest Mexico. Changes in precipitation are evaluated on days when an IV is observed and days without an IV, using high-resolution model-simulated precipitation estimates and CPC gridded precipitation observations. Because of changes in the spatial distribution of IVs during the 1951-2010 analysis period, which are associated with a strengthening of the monsoon ridge, it is suggested that IVs have played a lesser role in the initiation and organization of monsoon convection in the southwest CONUS during recent warm seasons.
C1 [Lahmers, Timothy M.; Castro, Christopher L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1118 East Fourth St,PAS 518, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Adams, David K.; Luong, Thang] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
[Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Brost, John J.] Natl Weather Serv, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA.
RP Lahmers, TM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1118 East Fourth St,PAS 518, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM timothylahmers@email.arizona.edu
FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2205]
FX We acknowledge Kevin Hodges for his assistance in troubleshooting the
feature tracking code and helping the authors develop the methodology to
analyze track density. We also acknowledge Stephen Bieda for providing
us with manually plotted IV tracks after 2002. This work was supported
by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Project
Number RC-2205.
NR 60
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Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 17
BP 6037
EP 6064
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0726.1
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DV3DO
UT WOS:000382801400001
ER
PT J
AU Liu, YH
Key, JR
AF Liu, Yinghui
Key, Jeffrey R.
TI Assessment of Arctic Cloud Cover Anomalies in Atmospheric Reanalysis
Products Using Satellite Data
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELS; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; RADIATION PROCESSES;
SEA-ICE; SURFACE RADIATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; PART I; OCEAN; FLUXES; SHEBA
AB Cloud cover is one of the largest uncertainties in model predictions of the future Arctic climate. Previous studies have shown that cloud amounts in global climate models and atmospheric reanalyses vary widely and may have large biases. However, many climate studies are based on anomalies rather than absolute values, for which biases are less important. This study examines the performance of five atmospheric reanalysis products-ERA-Interim, MERRA, MERRA-2, NCEP R1, and NCEP R2-in depicting monthly mean Arctic cloud amount anomalies against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations from 2000 to 2014 and against Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations from 2006 to 2014. All five reanalysis products exhibit biases in the mean cloud amount, especially in winter. The Gerrity skill score (GSS) and correlation analysis are used to quantify their performance in terms of interannual variations. Results show that ERA-Interim, MERRA, MERRA-2, and NCEP R2 perform similarly, with annual mean GSSs of 0.36/0.22, 0.31/0.24, 0.32/0.23, and 0.32/0.23 and annual mean correlation coefficients of 0.50/0.51, 0.43/0.54, 0.44/0.53, and 0.50/0.52 against MODIS/CALIPSO, indicating that the reanalysis datasets do exhibit some capability for depicting the monthly mean cloud amount anomalies. There are no significant differences in the overall performance of reanalysis products. They all perform best in July, August, and September and worst in November, December, and January. All reanalysis datasets have better performance over land than over ocean. This study identifies the magnitudes of errors in Arctic mean cloud amounts and anomalies and provides a useful tool for evaluating future improvements in the cloud schemes of reanalysis products.
C1 [Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
[Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53718 USA.
RP Liu, YH (reprint author), CIMSS, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM yinghui.liu@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010
OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050
FU NOAA/National Climatic Data Center [NA10NES4400013]; Joint Polar
Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
(NA10NES4400013) and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program
Office. MODIS data were obtained from the Atmosphere Archive and
Distribution System of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
(https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/). NCEP reanalysis data were provided
by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado
(http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The ERA-Interim data were provided by
the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF;
http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/). MERRA data were provided by the
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center
(http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/mdisc/). MERRA-2 data were provided by
the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center
(http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/M2TMNXRAD_V5.12.4.shtml).
The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center
Atmospheric Science Data Center. The views, opinions, and findings
contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be
construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
or U.S. government position, policy, or decision.
NR 86
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 17
BP 6065
EP 6083
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0861.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DV3DO
UT WOS:000382801400002
ER
PT J
AU Prat, OP
Nelson, BR
AF Prat, Olivier P.
Nelson, Brian R.
TI On the Link between Tropical Cyclones and Daily Rainfall Extremes
Derived from Global Satellite Observations
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; AUSTRALIA; VARIABILITY;
CLIMATOLOGY; TRENDS; STORM
AB The authors evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to daily precipitation extremes over land for TC-active regions around the world. From 1998 to 2012, data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA 3B42) showed that TCs account for an average of 3.5% +/- 1% of the total number of rainy days over land areas experiencing cyclonic activity regardless of the basin considered. TC days represent between 13% and 31% of daily extremes above 4 in. day(-1), but can account locally for the large majority (>70%) or almost all (approximate to 100%) of extreme rainfall even over higher latitude areas marginally affected by cyclonic activity. Moreover, regardless of the TC basin, TC-related extremes occur preferably later in the TC season after the peak of cyclonic activity.
C1 [Prat, Olivier P.] North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Nelson, Brian R.] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate, NESDIS, NCEI, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Prat, OP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.; Prat, OP (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC CICS NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM opprat@ncsu.edu
RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009
OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723
FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites North
Carolina [NA14NES432003]
FX This research was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute
for Climate and Satellites North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement
NA14NES432003. The authors are grateful to Ken Knapp for helping with
the internal review process and two anonymous reviewers for valuable
comments and suggestions.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 12
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 17
BP 6127
EP 6135
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0289.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DV3DO
UT WOS:000382801400005
ER
PT J
AU Jacobs, DS
Huang, SR
Cheng, YL
Rabb, SA
Gorham, JM
Krommenhoek, PJ
Yu, LL
Nguyen, T
Sung, L
AF Jacobs, Deborah S.
Huang, Sin-Ru
Cheng, Yu-Lun
Rabb, Savelas A.
Gorham, Justin M.
Krommenhoek, Peter J.
Yu, Lee L.
Tinh Nguyen
Sung, Lipiin
TI Surface degradation and nanoparticle release of a commercial
nanosilica/polyurethane coating under UV exposure
SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Atomic force microscopy; Nanocomposite; Particle release; Peak force QNM
AFM; SEM; UV degradation
ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; CARBON; NANOMATERIALS; IRRADIATION; SCENARIOS
AB Many coating properties such as mechanical, electrical, and ultraviolet (UV) resistance are greatly enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles, which can potentially increase the use of nanocoatings for many outdoor applications. However, because polymers used in all coatings are susceptible to degradation by weathering, nanoparticles in a coating may be brought to the surface and released into the environment during the life cycle of a nanocoating. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the process and mechanism of surface degradation and potential particle release from a commercial nanosilica/polyurethane coating under accelerated UV exposure. Recent research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has shown that the matrix in an epoxy nanocomposite undergoes photodegradation during exposure to UV radiation, resulting in surface accumulation of nanoparticles and subsequent release from the composite. In this study, specimens of a commercial polyurethane (PU) coating, to which a 5 mass% surface-treated silica nanoparticle solution was added, were exposed to well-controlled, accelerated UV environments. The nanocoating surface morphological changes and surface accumulation of nanoparticles as a function of UV exposure were measured, along with chemical change and mass loss using a variety of techniques. Particles from the surface of the coating were collected using a simulated rain process developed at NIST, and the collected runoff specimens were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy to determine the amount of silicon released from the nanocoatings. The results demonstrated that the added silica nanoparticle solution decreased the photodegradation rate (i.e., stabilization) of the commercial PU nanocoating. Although the degradation was slower than the previous nanosilica epoxy model system, the degradation of the PU matrix resulted in accumulation of silica nanoparticles on the nanocoating surface and release to the environment by simulated rain. These experimental data are valuable for developing models to predict the long-term release of nanosilica from commercial PU nanocoatings used outdoors and, therefore, are essential for assessing the health and environmental risks during the service life of exterior PU nanocoatings.
C1 [Jacobs, Deborah S.; Huang, Sin-Ru; Cheng, Yu-Lun; Krommenhoek, Peter J.; Tinh Nguyen; Sung, Lipiin] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rabb, Savelas A.; Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gorham, Justin M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jacobs, DS (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM debbie.stanley@nist.gov; li-piin.sung@nist.gov
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 23
U2 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1945-9645
EI 1935-3804
J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES
JI J. Coat. Technol. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 5
BP 735
EP 751
DI 10.1007/s11998-016-9796-2
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA DU1VN
UT WOS:000381998300001
PM 27818724
ER
PT J
AU Keenan, KE
Wilmes, LJ
Aliu, SO
Newitt, DC
Jones, EF
Boss, MA
Stupic, KF
Russek, SE
Hylton, NM
AF Keenan, Kathryn E.
Wilmes, Lisa J.
Aliu, Sheye O.
Newitt, David C.
Jones, Ella F.
Boss, Michael A.
Stupic, Karl F.
Russek, Stephen E.
Hylton, Nola M.
TI Design of a breast phantom for quantitative MRI
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
LA English
DT Article
DE breast MRI; apparent diffusion coefficient; relaxation; tissue mimic;
phantoms; quality control
ID RELAXATION-TIMES; CANCER TRIAL; LESIONS
AB PurposeWe present a breast phantom designed to enable quantitative assessment of measurements of T-1 relaxation time, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and other attributes of breast tissue, with long-term support from a national metrology institute.
Materials and MethodsA breast phantom was created with two independent, interchangeable units for diffusion and T-1/T-2 relaxation, each with flexible outer shells. The T-1 unit was filled with corn syrup solution and grapeseed oil to mimic the relaxation behavior of fibroglandular and fatty tissues, respectively. The diffusion unit contains plastic tubes filled with aqueous solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to modulate the ADC. The phantom was imaged at 1.5T and 3.0T using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and common breast coils from multiple manufacturers to assess T-1 and T-2 relaxation time and ADC values.
ResultsThe fibroglandular mimic exhibited target T-1 values on 1.5T and 3.0T clinical systems (25-75 percentile range: 1289 to 1400 msec and 1533 to 1845 msec, respectively) across all bore temperatures. PVP solutions mimicked the range of ADC values from malignant tumors to normal breast tissue (40% PVP median: 633 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s to 0% PVP median: 2231 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s) at temperatures of 17-24 degrees C. The interchangeable phantom units allowed both the diffusion and T-1/T-2 units to be tested on the left and right sides of the coil to assess any variation.
ConclusionThis phantom enables T-1 and ADC measurements, fits in a variety of clinical breast coils, and can serve as a quality control tool to facilitate the standardization of quantitative measurements for breast MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:610-619.
C1 [Keenan, Kathryn E.; Boss, Michael A.; Stupic, Karl F.; Russek, Stephen E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wilmes, Lisa J.; Aliu, Sheye O.; Newitt, David C.; Jones, Ella F.; Hylton, Nola M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
RP Keenan, KE (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kathryn.keenan@nist.gov
FU National Research Council [NIH/NCI 1U01CA151235]
FX Contract grant sponsor: National Research Council postdoctoral
scholarship; contract grant number: NIH/NCI 1U01CA151235
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1053-1807
EI 1522-2586
J9 J MAGN RESON IMAGING
JI J. Magn. Reson. Imaging
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 44
IS 3
BP 610
EP 619
DI 10.1002/jmri.25214
PG 10
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA DV5AV
UT WOS:000382938700011
PM 26949897
ER
PT J
AU Lih, CJ
Si, H
Das, B
Harrington, RD
Harper, KN
Sims, DJ
McGregor, PM
Camalier, CE
Kayserian, AY
Williams, PM
He, HJ
Almeida, JL
Lund, SP
Choquette, S
Cole, KD
AF Lih, Chih-Jian
Si, Han
Das, Biswajit
Harrington, Robin D.
Harper, Kneshay N.
Sims, David J.
McGregor, Paul M.
Camalier, Corinne E.
Kayserian, Andrew Y.
Williams, P. Mickey
He, Hua-Jun
Almeida, Jamie L.
Lund, Steve P.
Choquette, Steve
Cole, Kenneth D.
TI Certified DNA Reference Materials to Compare HER2 Gene Amplification
Measurements Using Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COPY NUMBER VARIATION; CANCER CELL-LINES; GUIDELINES MINIMUM
INFORMATION; HUMAN-BREAST-CANCER; REAL-TIME PCR; VALIDATION;
OVEREXPRESSION; HYBRIDIZATION; PUBLICATION; VARIANTS
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials 2373 is a set of genomic DNA samples prepared from five breast cancer cell lines with certified values for the ratio of the HER2 gene copy number to the copy numbers of reference genes determined by real-time quantitative PCR and digital PCR. Targeted-amplicon, whole-exome, and whole-genome sequencing measurements were used with the reference material to compare the performance of both the laboratory steps and the bioinformatic approaches of the different methods using a range of amplification ratios. Although good reproducibility was observed in each next-generation sequencing method, slightly different HER2 copy numbers' associated with platform-specific biases were obtained. This study clearly demonstrates the value of Standard Reference Materials 2373 as reference material and as a calibrator for evaluating assay performance as well as for increasing confidence in reporting HER2 amplification for clinical applications.
C1 [Lih, Chih-Jian; Si, Han; Das, Biswajit; Harrington, Robin D.; Harper, Kneshay N.; Sims, David J.; McGregor, Paul M.; Camalier, Corinne E.; Kayserian, Andrew Y.; Williams, P. Mickey] Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Mol Characterizat & Clin Assay Dev Lab, Frederick, MD USA.
[He, Hua-Jun; Almeida, Jamie L.; Choquette, Steve; Cole, Kenneth D.] NIST, Div Biosyst & Biomat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lund, Steve P.] NIST, Div Stat Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kenneth.cole@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Cancer
Institute, NIH [HHSN261200800001E, NO1-CO-2008-00001]
FX Supported by internal funding from the National Institute of Standards
and Technology and partially by the National Cancer Institute, NIH,
contracts HHSN261200800001E and NO1-CO-2008-00001.
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1525-1578
EI 1943-7811
J9 J MOL DIAGN
JI J. Mol. Diagn.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 18
IS 5
BP 753
EP 761
DI 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.05.008
PG 9
WC Pathology
SC Pathology
GA DU7VK
UT WOS:000382422500015
PM 27455875
ER
PT J
AU Orphal, J
Staehelin, J
Tamminen, J
Braathen, G
De Backer, MR
Bais, A
Balis, D
Barbe, A
Bhartia, PK
Birk, M
Burkholder, JB
Chance, K
von Clarmann, T
Cox, A
Degenstein, D
Evans, R
Flaud, JM
Flittner, D
Godin-Beekmann, S
Gorshelev, V
Gratien, A
Hare, E
Janssen, C
Kyrola, E
McElroy, T
McPeters, R
Pastel, M
Petersen, M
Petropavlovskikh, I
Picquet-Varrault, B
Pitts, M
Labow, G
Rotger-Languereau, M
Leblanc, T
Lerot, C
Liu, X
Moussay, P
Redondas, A
Van Roozendael, M
Sander, SP
Schneider, M
Serdyuchenko, A
Veefkind, P
Viallon, J
Viatte, C
Wagner, G
Weber, M
Wielgosz, RI
Zehner, C
AF Orphal, Johannes
Staehelin, Johannes
Tamminen, Johanna
Braathen, Geir
De Backer, Marie -Renee
Bais, Alkiviadis
Balis, Dimitris
Barbe, Alain
Bhartia, Pawan K.
Birk, Manfred
Burkholder, James B.
Chance, Kelly
von Clarmann, Thomas
Cox, Anthony
Degenstein, Doug
Evans, Robert
Flaud, Jean-Marie
Flittner, David
Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
Gorshelev, Viktor
Gratien, Aline
Hare, Edward
Janssen, Christof
Kyrola, Erkki
McElroy, Thomas
McPeters, Richard
Pastel, Maud
Petersen, Michael
Petropavlovskikh, Irina
Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte
Pitts, Michael
Labow, Gordon
Rotger-Languereau, Maud
Leblanc, Thierry
Lerot, Christophe
Liu, Xiong
Moussay, Philippe
Redondas, Alberto
Van Roozendael, Michel
Sander, Stanley P.
Schneider, Matthias
Serdyuchenko, Anna
Veefkind, Pepijn
Viallon, Joele
Viatte, Camille
Wagner, Georg
Weber, Mark
Wielgosz, Robert I.
Zehner, Claus
TI Absorption cross-sections of ozone in the ultraviolet and visible
spectral regions: Status report 2015
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozone; Absorption; Cross sections; Atmosphere; Remote sensing; Reference
data
ID 10 MU-M; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PROFILE RETRIEVALS; MONITORING
INSTRUMENT; UV SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL COLUMN; STRAY LIGHT; NM REGION;
BREWER; O-3
AB The activity "Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone" (ACSO) started in 2008 as a joint initiative of the International Ozone Commission (IO3C), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the IGACO ("Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations") O-3/UV subgroup to study, evaluate, and recommend the most suitable ozone absorption cross-section laboratory data to be used in atmospheric ozone measurements. The evaluation was basically restricted to ozone absorption cross-sections in the UV range with particular focus on the Huggins band. Up until now, the data of Bass and Paur published in 1985 (BP, 1985) are still officially recommended for such measurements. During the last decade it became obvious that BP (1985) cross-section data have deficits for use in advanced space-borne ozone measurements. At the same time, it was recognized that the origin of systematic differences in ground-based measurements of ozone required further investigation, in particular whether the BP (1985) cross-section data might contribute to these differences.
In ACSO, different sets of laboratory ozone absorption cross-section data (including their dependence on temperature) of the group of Reims (France) (Brion et al., 1993, 1998, 1992, 1995, abbreviated as BDM, 1995) and those of Serdyuchenko et al. (2014), and Gorshelev et al. (2014), (abbreviated as SER, 2014) were examined for use in atmospheric ozone measurements in the Huggins band.
In conclusion, ACSO recommends:
The spectroscopic data of BP (1985) should no longer be used for retrieval of atmospheric ozone measurements
For retrieval of ground-based instruments of total ozone and ozone profile measurements by the Umkehr method performed by Brewer and Dobson instruments data of SER (2014) are recommended to be used. When SER (2014) is used, the difference between total ozone measurements of Brewer and Dobson instruments are very small and the difference between Dobson measurements at AD and CD wavelength pairs are diminished.
For ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) measurements the use of BDM (1995) or SER (2014) is recommended.
For satellite retrieval the presently widely used data of BDM (1995) should be used because SER (2014) seems less suitable for retrievals that use wavelengths close to 300 nm due to a deficiency in the signal-to-noise ratio in the SER (2014) dataset.
The work of ACSO also showed:
The need to continue laboratory cross-section measurements of ozone of highest quality. The importance of careful characterization of the uncertainties of the laboratory measurements.
The need to extend the scope of such studies to other wavelength ranges (particularly to cover not only the Huggins band but also the comparison with the mid-infrared region).
The need for regular cooperation of experts in spectral laboratory measurements and specialists in atmospheric (ozone) measurements. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Orphal, Johannes; von Clarmann, Thomas; Schneider, Matthias] KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Staehelin, Johannes] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Tamminen, Johanna; Kyrola, Erkki] FMI, Helsinki, Finland.
[Braathen, Geir] WMO, Geneva, Switzerland.
[De Backer, Marie -Renee; Barbe, Alain; Rotger-Languereau, Maud] CNRS, GSMA, Reims, France.
[De Backer, Marie -Renee; Barbe, Alain] Univ Reims, Reims, France.
[Bais, Alkiviadis; Balis, Dimitris] Aristotele Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
[Bhartia, Pawan K.; McPeters, Richard; Labow, Gordon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Birk, Manfred; Wagner, Georg] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Evans, Robert; Petropavlovskikh, Irina] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Chance, Kelly; Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Cox, Anthony] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England.
[Degenstein, Doug] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
[Flaud, Jean-Marie; Gratien, Aline; Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] CNRS, LISA, Creteil, France.
[Flaud, Jean-Marie; Gratien, Aline; Picquet-Varrault, Benedicte] Univ Paris Est, Creteil, France.
[Flittner, David; Pitts, Michael] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Pastel, Maud] CNRS, LATMOS, Paris, France.
[Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Pastel, Maud] UVSQ, Paris, France.
[Gorshelev, Viktor; Serdyuchenko, Anna; Weber, Mark] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
[Hare, Edward] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Janssen, Christof] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LERMA, IPSL, Paris, France.
[Janssen, Christof] PSL Res Univ, Observ Paris, Paris, France.
[Janssen, Christof] CNRS, Paris, France.
[McElroy, Thomas] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Petersen, Michael; Moussay, Philippe; Viallon, Joele; Wielgosz, Robert I.] BIPM, Sevres, France.
[Leblanc, Thierry; Sander, Stanley P.] NASA, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Lerot, Christophe; Van Roozendael, Michel] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Redondas, Alberto] State Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Izana, Spain.
[Veefkind, Pepijn] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Viatte, Camille] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Zehner, Claus] ESA, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy.
[Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Petropavlovskikh, Irina] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Petersen, Michael] Univ Neuchatel, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
RP Orphal, J (reprint author), KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM orphal@kit.edu
RI Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Bais,
Alkiviadis/D-2230-2009; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Bais, Alkiviadis/0000-0003-3899-2001;
Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Kyrola, Erkki/0000-0001-9197-9549
FU EU FP7 programme [284421]; NASA [NNX09AJ24G]
FX The work of Maud Pastel was performed in the frame of the NORS project
(Demonstration Network Of ground-based Remote Sensing Observations in
support of the Copernicus Atmospheric Service), funded by the EU FP7
programme under grant agreement no 284421. The work of Irina
Petropavlovskikh was supported by NASA Grant No. NNX09AJ24G (Enhancement
of ozone products from established Brewer ground-based networks for
validation of satellite-derived stratospheric ozone change). Johanna
Tamminen would like to thank the Finnish Academy INQUIRE project.
NR 76
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 12
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
EI 1096-083X
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 327
SI SI
BP 105
EP 121
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2016.07.007
PG 17
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA DV8WY
UT WOS:000383218600006
ER
PT J
AU Ghosn, M
Frangopol, DM
McAllister, TP
Shah, M
Diniz, SMC
Ellingwood, BR
Manuel, L
Biondini, F
Catbas, N
Strauss, A
Zhao, XL
AF Ghosn, M.
Frangopol, D. M.
McAllister, T. P.
Shah, M.
Diniz, S. M. C.
Ellingwood, B. R.
Manuel, L.
Biondini, F.
Catbas, N.
Strauss, A.
Zhao, X. L.
TI Reliability-Based Performance Indicators for Structural Members
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Calibration of structural codes and standards; Performance-based design;
Serviceability of structures; Structural safety and reliability
ID RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; LOAD COMBINATIONS; STEEL;
CRITERIA; BRIDGES
AB The implementation of reliability methods for designing new structures and assessing the safety and evaluating the performance of existing structures and infrastructure systems has gained widespread acceptance. Consequently, reliability-based design specifications in the form of load and resistance factor design (LRFD) methods have dominated the development of current codes and standards. This paper reviews the reliability-based performance criteria used to calibrate design and evaluation codes and standards for assessing the strength, serviceability, and fatigue resistance of structural components. The review shows that large differences exist in the target reliability levels adopted for evaluating the strength of various types of structural members and materials. These differences result from many factors, including (1)intended structure design and service life; (2)expected member modes of failure (e.g.,ductile or brittle); (3)importance of the individual member to overall system integrity (secondary member, column, or connection); (4)experiences with previous designs; (5)material and construction costs; (6)structure type and occupancy; and (7)risk tolerance of the engineering community and the public within a code's jurisdiction. For other than seismic hazards, current specifications remain primarily focused on the evaluation of individual structural members and components, although recently proposed performance-based design (PBD) procedures apply varying target member reliability levels that depend on structure categories, modes of failure, and required levels of structural performance. The implementation of reliability-based durability criteria in design standards is still a subject of research owing to difficulties encountered in modeling material degradation mechanisms and their interactions and in the collection and mapping of long-term site-specific data on degrading agents. Because of large epistemic uncertainties, the evaluation of the fatigue safety of structural components in engineering practice still relies on conservative basic models of damage accumulation using S-N curves or basic fracture mechanics crack growth models. Overall, reliability-calibrated structural standards are producing designs that offer a good balance between safety and cost. The future implementation of risk-based methods will further enhance the ability to meet structure-specific performance requirements set by owners and users.
C1 [Ghosn, M.] CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Frangopol, D. M.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Struct Engn & Architecture, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[McAllister, T. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shah, M.] Shah Associates, 10 Alderwood Ln, Syosset, NY 11791 USA.
[Diniz, S. M. C.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Struct Engn, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Ellingwood, B. R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Manuel, L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Biondini, F.] Politecn Milan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Catbas, N.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
[Strauss, A.] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Civil Engn & Nat Hazards, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
[Zhao, X. L.] Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
RP Ghosn, M (reprint author), CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM ghosn@ccny.cuny.edu; dan.frangopol@Lehigh.EDU;
therese.mcallister@nist.gov; shahmahendraj@gmail.com; diniz_s@yahoo.com;
bruce.ellingwood@colostate.edu; lmanuel@mail.utexas.edu;
fabio.biondini@polimi.it; catbas@ucf.edu; alfred.strauss@boku.ac.at;
ZXL@monash.edu
NR 78
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 23
U2 25
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
EI 1943-541X
J9 J STRUCT ENG
JI J. Struct. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 142
IS 9
AR F4016002
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001546
PG 13
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA DV7ZI
UT WOS:000383156900019
ER
PT J
AU Ghosn, M
Duenas-Osorio, L
Frangopol, DM
McAllister, TP
Bocchini, P
Manuel, L
Ellingwood, BR
Arangio, S
Bontempi, F
Shah, M
Akiyama, M
Biondini, F
Hernandez, S
Tsiatas, G
AF Ghosn, M.
Duenas-Osorio, L.
Frangopol, D. M.
McAllister, T. P.
Bocchini, P.
Manuel, L.
Ellingwood, B. R.
Arangio, S.
Bontempi, F.
Shah, M.
Akiyama, M.
Biondini, F.
Hernandez, S.
Tsiatas, G.
TI Performance Indicators for Structural Systems and Infrastructure
Networks
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Structural safety and reliability; Performance-based design;
Infrastructure network; Structural redundancy; Structural robustness;
Progressive collapse; Resilience
ID SEISMIC RESILIENCE; TRANSMISSION NETWORK; DECISION-MAKING; BRIDGE
NETWORKS; RELIABILITY; FRAMEWORK; RISK; VULNERABILITY; DESIGN; MODEL
AB Establishing consistent criteria for assessing the performance of structural systems and infrastructure networks is a critical component of communities' efforts to optimize investment decisions for the upkeep and renewal of the built environment. Although member-level performance and reliability assessment procedures are currently well-established, it is widely recognized that a member-oriented approach does not necessarily lead to an efficient utilization of limited resources when making decisions related to the management of existing deteriorating structures or lifeline systems, especially those that may be exposed to extreme events. For this reason, researchers have renewed their interests in developing system-level assessment methods as a basis to modern structural and infrastructure performance evaluation and design processes. Specifically, system-level performance metrics and characteristics such as reliability, redundancy, robustness, resilience, and risk continue to be refined. The objective of this paper is to extend the content of the accompanying paper on reliability-based performance indicators for structural members by reviewing proposals for the development and implementation of performance-based criteria for structural systems and infrastructure networks. The paper reviews established concepts of reliability design along with emerging ideas of performance-based and resilience-based design that are especially relevant for assessing and managing system-level risk. The paper also studies structural redundancy and robustness concepts as well as network-level performance metrics along with ranking approaches. Insights from these analyses reveal the need for transitioning structural and infrastructure design processes from a traditional component-level reliability-based approach, to one that seeks uniform levels of risk across scales (from structural systems to interconnected infrastructure networks across communities). Implementation examples are drawn from experiences with buildings, bridges, offshore oil and gas platforms, and a variety of infrastructure systems. The paper also reflects on promising avenues for pursuing practical and calibrated system-level performance indicators that support life cycle performance, safety, reliability, and risk of structural and infrastructure systems as integral parts of resilient communities.
C1 [Ghosn, M.] CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Duenas-Osorio, L.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Frangopol, D. M.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Struct Engn & Architecture, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[McAllister, T. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bocchini, P.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Manuel, L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Ellingwood, B. R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Arangio, S.; Bontempi, F.] StroNGER Srl, Tecnopolo Tiburtino, I-00131 Rome, Italy.
[Shah, M.] Shah Associates, 10 Alderwood Ln, Syosset, NY 11791 USA.
[Akiyama, M.] Waseda Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
[Biondini, F.] Politecn Milan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Milan, Italy.
[Hernandez, S.] Univ A Coruna, Sch Civil Engn, La Coruna 15071, Spain.
[Tsiatas, G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Civil Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
RP Ghosn, M (reprint author), CUNY, City Coll New York, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM ghosn@ccny.cuny.edu; leonardo.duenas-osorio@rice.edu;
dan.frangopol@Lehigh.EDU; therese.mcallister@nist.gov;
paolo.bocchini@Lehigh.EDU; lmanuel@mail.utexas.edu;
bruce.ellingwood@colostate.edu; stefania.arangio@stronger2012.com;
fabio.biondini@polimi.it; shahmahendraj@gmail.com; akiyama617@waseda.jp;
fabio.biondini@polimi.it; hernandez@udc.es; gt@uri.edu
NR 140
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 35
U2 35
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
EI 1943-541X
J9 J STRUCT ENG
JI J. Struct. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 142
IS 9
AR F4016003
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001542
PG 18
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA DV7ZI
UT WOS:000383156900015
ER
PT J
AU Lounis, Z
McAllister, TP
AF Lounis, Zoubir
McAllister, Therese P.
TI Risk-Based Decision Making for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure
Systems
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Structural safety and reliability; Sustainability; Resilience
ID SEISMIC RESILIENCE; BRIDGES
AB The development of infrastructure systems that are sustainable and resilient is a challenging task that involves a broad range of performance indicators over the system lifecycle that affect system functionality and recovery. Sustainability indicators address economic, social, and environmental performance metrics and resilient indicators address strength, functionality, and recovery-time metrics following a hazard event. Sustainable systems consider environmental impact and conservation of nonrenewable resources over the life of the system. Resilient systems consider performance levels relative to potential damage levels and recovery times from events. Both concepts address adequate system performance and lifecycle costs, but put a different emphasis on other indicators. Numerous sources of uncertainties associated with the lifecycle performance of infrastructure systems require the use of a risk-informed decision-making approach to properly account for uncertainties and to identify cost-effective strategies to manage risk. A framework for risk-informed decision making for the lifecycle performance of infrastructure facilities that includes consideration of sustainability and resilience is presented. Separate examples are provided for the same highway bridge deck system to illustrate sustainable and resilient performance objectives with the design and rehabilitation of highway bridge decks. The sustainability assessment considers the effect of corrosion degradation mechanisms on lifecycle costs, environmental impact (CO2 and waste), and social impacts (accidents and user time) while maintaining service life and structural safety. The resilience assessment considers the effect of seismic hazard events on structural damage levels and recovery time while maintaining system functionality and structural safety.
C1 [Lounis, Zoubir] Natl Res Council Canada, Civil Engn Infrastruct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
[McAllister, Therese P.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lounis, Z (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Civil Engn Infrastruct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
EM Zoubir.Lounis@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; therese.mcallister@nist.gov
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 8
U2 8
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
EI 1943-541X
J9 J STRUCT ENG
JI J. Struct. Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 142
IS 9
AR F4016005
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001545
PG 14
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA DV7ZI
UT WOS:000383156900018
ER
PT J
AU Artz, R
Lee, P
Saylor, R
Stein, A
Tong, D
AF Artz, Richard
Lee, Pius
Saylor, Rick
Stein, Ariel
Tong, Daniel
TI Introduction to a Special Issue of JA&WMA on NOAA's 7th International
Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting Research (IWAQFR)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Artz, Richard; Lee, Pius; Saylor, Rick; Stein, Ariel; Tong, Daniel] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Artz, R (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RI Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008
OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1096-2247
EI 2162-2906
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 66
IS 9
SI SI
BP 815
EP 818
DI 10.1080/10962247.2016.1216978
PG 4
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA DV5IE
UT WOS:000382959700001
PM 27607075
ER
PT J
AU Kim, BU
Kim, O
Kim, HC
Kim, S
AF Kim, Byeong-Uk
Kim, Okgil
Kim, Hyun Cheol
Kim, Soontae
TI Influence of fossil-fuel power plant emissions on the surface fine
particulate matter in the Seoul Capital Area, South Korea
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting Research (IWAQFR)
CY SEP 01-03, 2015
CL College Park, MD
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; MODEL;
SENSITIVITY
AB The South Korean government plans to reduce region-wide annual PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2.5 m) concentrations in the Seoul Capital Area (SCA) from 2010 levels of 27 mu g/m(3) to 20 mu g/m(3) by 2024. At the same time, it is inevitable that emissions from fossil-fuel power plants will continue to increase if electricity generation expands and the generation portfolio remains the same in the future. To estimate incremental PM2.5 contributions due to projected electricity generation growth in South Korea, we utilized an ensemble forecasting member of the Integrated Multidimensional Air Quality System for Korea based on the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model. We performed sensitivity runs with across-the-board emission reductions for all fossil-fuel power plants in South Korea to estimate the contribution of PM2.5 from domestic fossil-fuel power plants. We estimated that fossil-fuel power plants are responsible for 2.4% of the annual PM2.5 national ambient air quality standard in the SCA as of 2010. Based on the electricity generation and the annual contribution of fossil-fuel power plants in 2010, we estimated that annual PM2.5 concentrations may increase by 0.2 mu g/m(3) per 100 TWhr due to additional electricity generation. With currently available information on future electricity demands, we estimated that the total future contribution of fossil-fuel power plants would be 0.87 mu g/m(3), which is 12.4% of the target reduction amount of the annual PM2.5 concentration by 2024. We also approximated that the number of premature deaths caused by existing fossil-fuel power plants would be 736 in 2024. Since the proximity of power plants to the SCA and the types of fuel used significantly impact this estimation, further studies are warranted on the impact of physical parameters of plants, such as location and stack height, on PM2.5 concentrations in the SCA due to each precursor.Implications: Improving air quality by reducing fine particle pollution is challenging when fossil-fuel-based electricity production is increasing. We show that an air quality forecasting system based on a photochemical model can be utilized to efficiently estimate PM2.5 contributions from and health impacts of domestic power plants. We derived PM2.5 concentrations per unit amount of electricity production from existing fossil-fuel power plants in South Korea. We assessed the health impacts of existing fossil-fuel power plants and the PM2.5 concentrations per unit electricity production to quantify the significance of existing and future fossil-fuel power plants with respect to the planned PM2.5 reduction target.
C1 [Kim, Byeong-Uk] Georgia Environm Protect Div, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Kim, Okgil; Kim, Soontae] Ajou Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Suwon, South Korea.
[Kim, Hyun Cheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
[Kim, Hyun Cheol] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kim, S (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Environm Engn, West Hall 338,206 World Cup Ro, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea.
RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012;
OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; Kim, Byeong-Uk/0000-0001-5488-5076
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1096-2247
EI 2162-2906
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 66
IS 9
SI SI
BP 863
EP 873
DI 10.1080/10962247.2016.1175392
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA DV5IE
UT WOS:000382959700004
PM 27389997
ER
PT J
AU Naito, C
Riggs, HR
Wei, Y
Cercone, C
AF Naito, Clay
Riggs, H. R.
Wei, Yong
Cercone, Christina
TI Shipping-Container Impact Assessment for Tsunamis
SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID DEBRIS
AB During tsunami inundation, coastal structures are subject to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces from the run-up and rundown and to impact forces from floating debris that is picked up by the flow. A new chapter in the upcoming revised U.S. design load standard covers these loads. To illustrate the application of this methodology for impact loading, it is applied to the determination of shipping-container impact loads for locations in Hilo, Hawaii. The steps include identification of the tsunami design zone, computation of the shipping-container impact hazard region, and computation of the design flow velocity and depth within that region. The flow velocity is used to determine the design impact force for the structure, and the depth is used to define up to what height impact must be considered. The standard provides a new, relatively simple energy grade line method that can be used to obtain estimates of these quantities. Because the method has not been widely validated within the archival literature, the results of the method are compared with results from a two-dimensional tsunami-inundation simulation. A simple extension that can improve the results of the energy grade line is proposed. This paper is meant to provide a reference for those applying these provisions in practice and to indicate areas for improvement.
C1 [Naito, Clay; Cercone, Christina] Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 13 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
[Riggs, H. R.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Wei, Yong] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Naito, C (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 13 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
EM cjn3@lehigh.edu
RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015
OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342
FU ASCE; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
under NOAA [NA10OAR430148, 2430, 4322]
FX The authors recognize the efforts of the ASCE/SEI 7-16 Tsunami Loads and
Effects Subcommittee, which developed a comprehensive standard for
design loads for structures subject to tsunami effects. The committee
was chaired by Gary Chock, S.E., F.SEI, F.ASCE, D.CE., and the
subcommittee's work was funded by ASCE. The authors express their
appreciation to Gary Chock for helpful discussions related to this
paper. The authors also express their appreciation to Prof. David
Kriebel for discussions on the EGL method. Yong Wei's work is funded by
the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR430148, Contribution No. 2430,
PMEL Contribution No. 4322.
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-950X
EI 1943-5460
J9 J WATERW PORT COAST
JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 142
IS 5
AR 05016003
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000348
PG 16
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA DV8AN
UT WOS:000383160000007
ER
PT J
AU Nieuwendaal, RC
AF Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.
TI How to measure absolute P3HT crystallinity via C-13 CPMAS NMR
SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE solid-state NMR; C-13 CPMAS; organic electronics; crystallinity;
polymer; P3HT; morphology; paracrystallinity
ID SOLID-STATE NMR; MODEL ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR;
REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CROSS-POLARIZATION;
CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS
AB We outline the details of acquiring quantitative C-13 cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance on the most ubiquitous polymer for organic electronic applications, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), despite other groups' claims that CPMAS of P3HT is strictly nonquantitative. We lay out the optimal experimental conditions for measuring crystallinity in P3HT, which is a parameter that has proven to be critical in the electrical performance of P3HT-containing organic photovoltaics but remains difficult to measure by scattering/diffraction and optical methods despite considerable efforts. Herein, we overview the spectral acquisition conditions of the two P3HT films with different crystallinities (0.47 and 0.55) and point out that because of the chemical similarity of P3HT to other alkyl side chain, highly conjugated main chain polymers, our protocol could straightforwardly be extended to other organic electronic materials. Variable temperature H-1 NMR results are shown as well, which (i) yield insight into the molecular dynamics of P3HT, (ii) add context for spectral editing techniques as applied to quantifying crystallinity, and (iii) show why T-1 rho(H), the H-1 spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, is a more optimal relaxation filter for distinguishing between crystalline and noncrystalline phases of highly conjugated alkyl side-chain polymers than other relaxation times such as the H-1 spin-spin relaxation time, T-2(H), and the spin-lattice relaxation time in the toggling frame, T-1xz(H). A 7 ms T-1 rho(H) spin lock filter, prior to CPMAS, allows for spectroscopic separation of crystalline and noncrystalline C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
C1 [Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nieuwendaal, RC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ryann@nist.gov
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 15
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0749-1581
EI 1097-458X
J9 MAGN RESON CHEM
JI Magn. Reson. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 54
IS 9
BP 740
EP 747
DI 10.1002/mrc.4443
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA DV5LX
UT WOS:000382969800007
ER
PT J
AU Durban, J
Fearnbach, H
Barrett-Lennard, L
AF Durban, John
Fearnbach, Holly
Barrett-Lennard, Lance
TI No Child Left Behind Evidence of a killer whale's miscarriage
SO NATURAL HISTORY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Durban, John; Fearnbach, Holly] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Barrett-Lennard, Lance] Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Cetacean Res Unit, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
RP Durban, J (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 8
PU NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE
PI NEW YORK
PA 36 WEST 25TH STREET, FIFTH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0028-0712
J9 NAT HIST
JI Nat. Hist.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 124
IS 8
BP 14
EP 15
PG 2
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DU4LG
UT WOS:000382183500014
ER
PT J
AU Berg, A
Findell, K
Lintner, B
Giannini, A
Seneviratne, SI
van den Hurk, B
Lorenz, R
Pitman, A
Hagemann, S
Meier, A
Cheruy, F
Ducharne, A
Malyshev, S
Milly, PCD
AF Berg, Alexis
Findell, Kirsten
Lintner, Benjamin
Giannini, Alessandra
Seneviratne, Sonia I.
van den Hurk, Bart
Lorenz, Ruth
Pitman, Andy
Hagemann, Stefan
Meier, Arndt
Cheruy, Frederique
Ducharne, Agnes
Malyshev, Sergey
Milly, P. C. D.
TI Land-atmosphere feedbacks amplify aridity increase over land under
global warming
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID CMIP5 CLIMATE MODELS; SOIL-MOISTURE; TERRESTRIAL ARIDITY; FUTURE;
PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; CONTRAST; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; ENERGY
AB The response of the terrestrial water cycle to global warming is central to issues including water resources, agriculture and ecosystem health. Recent studies(1-6) indicate that aridity, defined in terms of atmospheric supply (precipitation, P) and demand (potential evapotranspiration, E-p) of water at the land surface, will increase globally in a warmer world. Recently proposed mechanisms for this response emphasize the driving role of oceanic warming and associated atmospheric processes(4,5). Here we show that the aridity response is substantially amplified by land-atmosphere feedbacks associated with the land surface's response to climate and CO2 change. Using simulations from the Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE)-CMIP5 experiment(7-9), we show that global aridity is enhanced by the feedbacks of projected soil moisture decrease on land surface temperature, relative humidity andprecipitation. The physiological impact of increasing atmospheric CO2 on vegetation exerts a qualitatively similar control on aridity. We reconcile these findings with previously proposed mechanisms(5) by showing that the moist enthalpy change over land is unaffected by the land hydrological response. Thus, although oceanic warming constrains the combined moisture and temperature changes over land, land hydrology modulates the partitioning of this enthalpy increase towards increased aridity.
C1 [Berg, Alexis; Giannini, Alessandra] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Findell, Kirsten] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Lintner, Benjamin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Seneviratne, Sonia I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
[van den Hurk, Bart] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, Utrechtseweg 297, NL-3731 GA De Bilt, Netherlands.
[Lorenz, Ruth; Pitman, Andy] Univ New South Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Lorenz, Ruth; Pitman, Andy] Univ New South Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Hagemann, Stefan] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Meier, Arndt] Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Solvegatan 37, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Cheruy, Frederique] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Ducharne, Agnes] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, UMR METIS 7619, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
[Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Malyshev, Sergey] Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Berg, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM alexis.berg@noaa.gov
RI Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; Pitman, Andrew/A-7353-2011; Giannini,
Alessandra/F-7163-2016;
OI Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Pitman,
Andrew/0000-0003-0604-3274; Giannini, Alessandra/0000-0001-5425-4995;
Lorenz, Ruth/0000-0002-3986-1268
FU NSF [AGS-1331375]
FX The contribution of A.B. was supported by NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship
AGS-1331375. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's
Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and
we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available
their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy's Program for
Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating
support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership
with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The
authors thank T. Knutson and I. Held for providing comments on an
earlier version of the manuscript.
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 29
U2 30
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 9
BP 869
EP +
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE3029
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU3UB
UT WOS:000382136600019
ER
PT J
AU Miao, HX
Panna, A
Gomella, AA
Bennett, EE
Znati, S
Chen, L
Wen, H
AF Miao, Houxun
Panna, Alireza
Gomella, Andrew A.
Bennett, Eric E.
Znati, Sami
Chen, Lei
Wen, Han
TI A universal moire effect and application in X-ray phase-contrast imaging
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRATING INTERFEROMETER; FOURIER IMAGES; FABRICATION
AB A moire pattern results from superimposing two black-and white or greyscale patterns of regular geometry, such as two sets of evenly spaced lines. Here, we report the observation of an analogous effect with two transparent phase masks put in a light beam. The phase moire effect and the classic moire effect are shown to be the two ends of a continuous spectrum. The former allows the detection of sub-resolution intensity or phase patterns with a transparent screen. When applied to X-ray imaging, it enables the realization of a polychromatic far-field interferometer (PFI) without the need for absorption gratings. X-ray interferometry can non-invasively detect refractive index variations inside an object(1-10). Current bench-top interferometers operate in the near field with limitations in sensitivity and X-ray dose efficiency(2,5,7-10). The universal moire effect helps overcome these limitations and obviates the need for using hard X-ray absorption gratings with sub-micrometre periods.
C1 [Miao, Houxun; Panna, Alireza; Bennett, Eric E.; Znati, Sami; Wen, Han] NHLBI, Biophys & Biochem Ctr, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Gomella, Andrew A.] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sidney Kimmel Med Coll, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA.
[Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wen, H (reprint author), NHLBI, Biophys & Biochem Ctr, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM miaoh@mail.nih.gov
RI Wen, Han/G-3081-2010
OI Wen, Han/0000-0001-6844-2997
FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 HL004606-12, Z99 HL999999, Z01 HL004606-11];
Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 9
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 9
BP 830
EP 834
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DV8XK
UT WOS:000383219800007
PM 27746823
ER
PT J
AU Schoen, MAW
Thonig, D
Schneider, ML
Silva, TJ
Nembach, HT
Eriksson, O
Karis, O
Shaw, JM
AF Schoen, Martin A. W.
Thonig, Danny
Schneider, Michael L.
Silva, T. J.
Nembach, Hans T.
Eriksson, Olle
Karis, Olof
Shaw, Justin M.
TI Ultra-low magnetic damping of a metallic ferromagnet
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COHERENT-POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION; DOMAIN-WALLS; THIN-FILMS; RESONANCE;
RELAXATION; LINEWIDTH
AB Magnetic damping is of critical importance for devices that seek to exploit the electronic spin degree of freedom, as damping strongly affects the energy required and speed at which a device can operate. However, theory has struggled to quantitatively predict the damping, even in common ferro-magnetic materials(1-3). This presents a challenge for a broad range of applications in spintronics(4) and spin-orbitronics that depend on materials and structures with ultra-low dampine(5,6). It is believed that achieving ultra-low damping in metallic ferromagnets is limited by the scattering of magnons by the conduction electrons. However, we report on a binary alloy of cobalt and iron that overcomes this obstacle and exhibits a damping parameter approaching 10(-4), which is comparable to values reported only for ferrimagnetic insulators(7,8). We explain this phenomenon by a unique feature of the band structure in this system: the density of states exhibits a sharp minimum at the Fermi level at the same alloy concentration at which the minimum in the magnetic damping is found. This discovery provides both a significant fundamental understanding of damping mechanisms and a test of the theoretical predictions proposed by Mankovsky and colleagues(3).
C1 [Schoen, Martin A. W.; Schneider, Michael L.; Silva, T. J.; Nembach, Hans T.; Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Quantum Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Schoen, Martin A. W.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
[Thonig, Danny; Eriksson, Olle; Karis, Olof] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM justin.shaw@nist.gov
RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013
OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642
FU Swedish Research Council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
[2013.0020, 2012.0031]
FX O.E. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (projects 2013.0020 and 2012.0031).
DOS calculations were performed under a SNIC project.
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 24
U2 24
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 12
IS 9
BP 839
EP 842
DI 10.1038/nphys3770
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DV8XK
UT WOS:000383219800009
ER
PT J
AU Hamilton, JB
Rondorf, DW
Tinniswood, WR
Leary, RJ
Mayer, T
Gavette, C
Casal, LA
AF Hamilton, John B.
Rondorf, Dennis W.
Tinniswood, William R.
Leary, Ryan J.
Mayer, Tim
Gavette, Charleen
Casal, Lynne A.
TI The Persistence and Characteristics of Chinook Salmon Migrations to the
Upper Klamath River Prior to Exclusion by Dams
SO OREGON HISTORICAL QUARTERLY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Hamilton, John B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Hydropower Relicensing Branch, Yreka, CA 96097 USA.
[Rondorf, Dennis W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Olympia, WA USA.
[Rondorf, Dennis W.] USGS, Supervising Res Projects Snake, Columbia, MO USA.
[Rondorf, Dennis W.] USGS Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Columbia, MO USA.
[Tinniswood, William R.] ODFW, Klamath Falls, OR USA.
[Mayer, Tim] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Water Resources Branch, Portland, OR USA.
[Gavette, Charleen] NOAA Fisheries West Coast Reg, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
[Gavette, Charleen] NOAA Fisheries, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
[Gavette, Charleen] Snow Leopard Conservancy, Sonoma, CA USA.
[Casal, Lynne A.] US Forest Serv, Riverside Res Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA.
[Casal, Lynne A.] US Geol Survey, Cty Riversides GIS Dept, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Hamilton, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Hydropower Relicensing Branch, Yreka, CA 96097 USA.
NR 122
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 9
U2 9
PU OREGON HISTORICAL SOC
PI PORTLAND
PA 1230 SW PARK AVE, PORTLAND, OR 97205 USA
SN 0030-4727
J9 OREG HIST QUART
JI Oregon Hist. Q.
PD FAL
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 3
BP 326
EP 377
DI 10.5403/oregonhistq.117.3.0326
PG 52
WC History
SC History
GA DV7SZ
UT WOS:000383138900001
ER
PT J
AU Fobes, DM
Zaliznyak, IA
Tranquada, JM
Xu, ZJ
Gu, GD
He, XG
Ku, W
Zhao, Y
Matsuda, M
Garlea, VO
Winn, B
AF Fobes, David M.
Zaliznyak, Igor A.
Tranquada, John M.
Xu, Zhijun
Gu, Genda
He, Xu-Gang
Ku, Wei
Zhao, Yang
Matsuda, Masaaki
Garlea, V. Ovidiu
Winn, Barry
TI Forbidden phonon: Dynamical signature of bond symmetry breaking in the
iron chalcogenides
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INVAR; SPECTROMETER; MODE
AB Investigation of the inelastic neutron scattering spectra in Fe1+y Te1-x Se-x near a signature wave vector Q = (1,0,0) for the bond-order wave (BOW) formation of parent compound Fe1+y Te [D. Fobes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 187202 (2014)] reveals an acoustic-phonon-like dispersion present in all structural phases. While a structural Bragg peak accompanies the mode in the low-temperature phase of Fe1+y Te, it is absent in the high-temperature tetragonal phase, where Bragg scattering at this Q is forbidden by symmetry. Notably, this mode is also observed in superconducting FeTe0.55Se0.45, where structural and magnetic transitions are suppressed, and no BOW has been observed. The presence of this "forbidden" phonon indicates that the lattice symmetry is dynamically or locally broken by magneto-orbital BOW fluctuations, which are strongly coupled to lattice in these materials.
C1 [Fobes, David M.; Zaliznyak, Igor A.; Tranquada, John M.; Xu, Zhijun; Gu, Genda; He, Xu-Gang; Ku, Wei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMSD, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Zhao, Yang] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, DMSE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Matsuda, Masaaki; Garlea, V. Ovidiu; Winn, Barry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, QCMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Fobes, DM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMSD, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM dfobes@bnl.gov; zaliznyak@bnl.gov
RI xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016; Tranquada,
John/A-9832-2009
OI xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526;
Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857
FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Sciences
and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC00112704];
Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US
Department of Energy; National Institute of Standards and Technology,
U.S. Department of Commerce
FX Work at BNL was supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES),
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE), under Contract No. DE-SC00112704. Research conducted at
ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source and High Flux Isotope Reactor was
sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. We acknowledge the support of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of
Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this
work.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 12
AR 121103
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.121103
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DV6HT
UT WOS:000383035100003
ER
PT J
AU Black, DR
Mendenhall, MH
Windover, D
Henins, A
Filliben, J
Cline, JP
AF Black, David R.
Mendenhall, Marcus H.
Windover, Donald
Henins, Albert
Filliben, James
Cline, James P.
TI Certification of standard reference material 1878b respirable -quartz
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Article
DE standard reference material; X-ray diffraction; certification; lattice
parameter; diffractometer
ID FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS APPROACH; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTOMETER; AXIAL
DIVERGENCE; RIETVELD REFINEMENT
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies a suite of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to address specific aspects of the performance of X-ray powder diffraction instruments. This report describes SRM 1878b, the third generation of this powder diffraction SRM. SRM 1878b is intended for use in the preparation of calibration standards for the quantitative analyses of -quartz by X-ray powder diffraction in accordance to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Analytical Method 7500, or equivalent. A unit of SRM 1878b consists of approximately 5 g of -quartz powder bottled in an argon atmosphere. It is certified with respect to crystalline phase purity, or amorphous phase content, and lattice parameter. Neutron powder diffraction, both time of flight and constant wavelength, was used to certify the phase purity using SRM 676a as an internal standard. A NIST-built diffractometer, incorporating many advanced design features was used for certification measurements for lattice parameters. (C) 2016 International Centre for Diffraction Data.
C1 [Black, David R.; Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Windover, Donald; Henins, Albert; Filliben, James; Cline, James P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Black, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.black@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
EI 1945-7413
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 3
BP 211
EP 215
DI 10.1017/S0885715616000336
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA DV5MK
UT WOS:000382971200008
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
Yan, Y
Kaduk, JA
Tang, XF
AF Wong-Ng, W.
Yan, Y.
Kaduk, J. A.
Tang, X. F.
TI X-ray powder diffraction reference patterns for Bi1-x Pb (x) OCuSe
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Article
DE thermoelectric material; Bi1-xPbxOCuSe; powder X-ray reference patterns;
crystal structure
ID IONIC CONDUCTOR (LAO)AGS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SE; TE; OXYCHALCOGENIDES; REFINEMENT; PHASES; GD
AB The structures and powder X-ray reference diffraction patterns of the natural superlattice series Bi1-xPbxOCuSe (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) have been investigated. As the ionic radius of Pb2+ is greater than that of Bi3+, the unit-cell volume of Bi1-xPbxOCuSe increases progressively from x = 0 to 0.1, namely, from 137.868(5) to 139.172(11) angstrom(3), as expected. The structure of Bi1-xPbxOCuSe is built from [Bi2(1-x)Pb2xO2](2(1-x)+) layers normal to the c-axis alternating with [Cu2Se2](2(1-x)-) fluorite-like layers. Pb substitution in the Bi site of Bi1-xPbxOCuSe leads to the weakening of the bonding between the [Bi2(1-x)Pb2xO2](2(1-x)+) and the [Cu2Se2](2(1-x)-) layers. Powder patterns of Bi1-xPbxOCuSe were submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File. (C) 2016 International Centre for Diffraction Data.
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yan, Y.; Tang, X. F.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
FU ICDD
FX Partial financial support from ICDD is acknowledged.
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
EI 1945-7413
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 3
BP 223
EP 228
DI 10.1017/S0885715616000361
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA DV5MK
UT WOS:000382971200010
ER
PT J
AU Hang, C
Nadeau, DF
Gultepe, I
Hoch, SW
Roman-Cascon, C
Pryor, K
Fernando, HJS
Creegan, ED
Leo, LS
Silver, Z
Pardyjak, ER
AF Hang, C.
Nadeau, D. F.
Gultepe, I.
Hoch, S. W.
Roman-Cascon, C.
Pryor, K.
Fernando, H. J. S.
Creegan, E. D.
Leo, L. S.
Silver, Z.
Pardyjak, E. R.
TI A Case Study of the Mechanisms Modulating the Evolution of Valley Fog
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ice fog; internal gravity wave; mountain complex terrain; radiation fog;
turbulence-wave interaction
ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATION-FOG;
GRAVITY-WAVES; ARCTIC CLOUDS; TURBULENCE; FIELD; CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION;
EPISODES
AB We present a valley fog case study in which radiation fog is modulated by topographic effects using data obtained from a field campaign conducted in Heber Valley, Utah from January 7-February 1, 2015, as part of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program. We use data collected on January 9, 2015 to gain insight into relationships between typical shallow radiation fog, turbulence, and gravity waves associated with the surrounding topography. A ae 10-30 m fog layer formed by radiative cooling was observed from 0720 to 0900 MST under cold air temperatures (aea'9 A degrees C), near-saturated (relative humidity with respect to water ae95 %), and calm wind (mostly < 0.5 m s(-1)) conditions. Drainage flows were observed occasionally prior to fog formation, which modulated heat exchanges between air masses through the action of internal gravity waves and cold-air pool sloshing. The fog appeared to be triggered by cold-air advection from the south (ae200A degrees) at 0700 MST. Quasi-periodic oscillations were observed before and during the fog event with a time period of about 15 min. These oscillations were detected in surface pressure, temperature, sensible heat flux, incoming longwave radiation, and turbulent kinetic energy measurements. We hypothesize that the quasi-periodic oscillations were caused by atmospheric gravity waves with a time period of about 10-20 min based on wavelet analysis. During the fog event, internal gravity waves led to about 1 A degrees C fluctuations in air temperatures. After 0835 MST when net radiation became positive, fog started to dissipate due to the surface heating and heat absorption by the fog particles. Overall, this case study provides a concrete example of how fog evolution is modulated by very weak thermal circulations in mountainous terrain and illustrates the need for high density vertical and horizontal measurements to ensure that the highly spatially varying physics in complex terrain are sufficient for hypothesis testing.
C1 [Hang, C.; Pardyjak, E. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Nadeau, D. F.] Univ Laval, Dept Civil & Water Engn, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Gultepe, I.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Hoch, S. W.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Roman-Cascon, C.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, Madrid, Spain.
[Pryor, K.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Fernando, H. J. S.; Leo, L. S.; Silver, Z.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Fernando, H. J. S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Creegan, E. D.] Army Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA.
RP Pardyjak, ER (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM pardyjak@eng.utah.edu
RI Pryor, Ken/F-5620-2010; Leo, Laura/J-9529-2013
OI Pryor, Ken/0000-0002-9766-2080; Leo, Laura/0000-0003-4103-6862
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0709]
FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Award
#N00014-11-1-0709, Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and
Observations (MATERHORN) Program. We are grateful the John Pace and
Dragan Zajic from the U.S. Army Dugway Proving grounds for their
gracious help and instrument contributions to the project. The authors
want to thank Stephan de Wekker for providing data from the automatic
weather station. We would also like to thank Alexei Perelet, Derek
Jensen, and Matt Jeglum for their help in the field. We are also
extremely grateful to Grant Kohler and the Kohler family for the use of
their farm during the experiment as well as all of the additional help
that they regularly provided during the experiment. The authors are
extremely grateful for all of the help during the field campaign, and
the scientific insight provided by the MATERHORN team.
NR 66
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 9
U2 9
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 173
IS 9
BP 3011
EP 3030
DI 10.1007/s00024-016-1370-4
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DV5BU
UT WOS:000382941400003
ER
PT J
AU Rabin, RM
Gultepe, I
Kuligowski, RJ
Heidinger, AK
AF Rabin, Robert M.
Gultepe, Ismail
Kuligowski, Robert J.
Heidinger, Andrew K.
TI Monitoring Snow Using Geostationary Satellite Retrievals During the
SAAWSO Project
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR; ICE FOG; CLOUD; PRECIPITATION; ALGORITHM; ASSIMILATION;
TEMPERATURE; PROFILES; SEASON
AB The SAAWSO (Satellite Applications for Arctic Weather and SAR (Search And Rescue) Operations) field programs were conducted by Environment Canada near St. Johns, NL and Goose Bay, NL in the winters of 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively. The goals of these programs were to validate satellite-based nowcasting products, including snow amount, wind intensity, and cloud physical parameters (e.g., cloud cover), over northern latitudes with potential applications to Search And Rescue (SAR) operations. Ground-based in situ sensors and remote sensing platforms were used to measure microphysical properties of precipitation, clouds and fog, radiation, temperature, moisture and wind profiles. Multi-spectral infrared observations obtained from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-13 provided estimates of cloud top temperature and height, phase (water, ice), hydrometer size, extinction, optical depth, and horizontal wind patterns at 15 min intervals. In this work, a technique developed for identifying clouds capable of producing high snowfall rates and incorporating wind information from the satellite observations is described. The cloud top physical properties retrieved from operational satellite observations are validated using measurements obtained from the ground-based in situ and remote sensing platforms collected during two precipitation events: a blizzard heavy snow storm case and a moderate snow event. The retrieved snow precipitation rates are found to be comparable to those of ground-based platform measurements in the heavy snow event.
C1 [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Rabin, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Gultepe, Ismail] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA.
[Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI USA.
RP Rabin, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Rabin, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM bob.rabin@noaa.gov
RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; Heidinger,
Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
FU Environment Canada; National Search and Rescue Secretariat (SAR) of
Canada under the Search and Rescue New Initiatives Fund (SAR NIF)
FX The authors wish to thank Environment Canada for support of the data
collection programs, Dr William Straka (University of Wisconsin-CIMSS)
for providing the GOES cloud top property data, and the GOES-R program
for support in development of the SCaMPR algorithm. The Man Computer
Interactive data Analysis System (McIDAS) University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center was used for
much of the data processing and visualization. This study was funded
during the 2012-2015 time period by through the National Search and
Rescue Secretariat (SAR) of Canada under the Search and Rescue New
Initiatives Fund (SAR NIF). The authors also would like to thank
Environment Canada for technical support and additional funds for this
project.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 173
IS 9
BP 3085
EP 3102
DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1195-6
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DV5BU
UT WOS:000382941400007
ER
PT J
AU Grasso, L
Lindsey, D
Seaman, C
Stocks, B
Rabin, R
AF Grasso, Lewis
Lindsey, Daniel T.
Seaman, Curtis J.
Stocks, Brian
Rabin, Robert M.
TI Satellite Observations of Plume-like Streaks in a Cloud Field in Canada
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE NPP-VIIRS; GOES-13; Ship tracks; Pollution plumes; Pyro-cumulus;
Microphysics
ID SOUTH-AMERICA; FIRE; POLLUTION
AB On the afternoon of 28 October 2013, plume-like streaks were detected by geostationary and polar orbiting satellites over eastern Ontario, Canada. These streaks were characterized by enhanced reflectivity in the visible bands and warmer brightness temperatures at 3.9 A mu m. These streaks were part of a low-level liquid water cloud layer. Due to the similarity of the streaks to plume-like features in marine stratocumulus caused by smoke from the stacks of ships, so-called ship tracks, a local source of emitted aerosols was suspected and subsequently identified as the burning of logging residue. This event provides further support for the ability of locally enhanced aerosol loading to alter microphysical characteristics of clouds. Ship tracks, pollution plumes from industrial burning, and pyro-cumulus are known examples of this type of interaction. In addition, the plume-like streaks could be used indirectly to identify the location of the source of the emitted particles.
C1 [Grasso, Lewis; Seaman, Curtis J.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, CIRA 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Lindsey, Daniel T.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Stocks, Brian] BJ Stocks Wildfire Invest Ltd, 128 Chambers Ave, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 4V4, Canada.
[Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Grasso, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, CIRA 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM lewis.grasso@colostate.edu
RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010
OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683
FU NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
(NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office
FX This research is primarily funded by NOAA's National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) GOES-R Program Office.
We would also like to extend our thanks to Rene Servranckx (Environment
Canada) and Mike Fromm (Naval Research Laboratory) for their assistance.
Further thanks are extended to Natalie Belanger, Northeast Regional GIS
Data Technician, Sudbury and Mike Jackson, Northeast Regional Fire
Response Specialist, Sudbury. The views, opinions, and findings in this
report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an
official NOAA and or US Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 173
IS 9
BP 3103
EP 3110
DI 10.1007/s00024-015-1076-z
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DV5BU
UT WOS:000382941400008
ER
PT J
AU Harding, LB
Schultz, IR
da Silva, DAM
Ylitalo, GM
Ragsdale, D
Harris, SI
Bailey, S
Pepich, BV
Swanson, P
AF Harding, Louisa B.
Schultz, Irvin R.
da Silva, Denis A. M.
Ylitalo, Gina M.
Ragsdale, Dave
Harris, Stephanie I.
Bailey, Stephanie
Pepich, Barry V.
Swanson, Penny
TI Wastewater treatment plant effluent alters pituitary gland gonadotropin
mRNA levels in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Endocrine disrupting compound; Pituitary; Gonadotropin; Luteinizing
hormone; Follicle-stimulating hormone; Vitellogenin; Wastewater effluent
ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; FEMALE RAINBOW-TROUT; BETA SUBUNIT GENE;
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; PERSONAL CARE
PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; GTH-II SECRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
ATLANTIC SALMON
AB It is well known that endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) present in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents interfere with reproduction in fish, including altered gonad development and induction of vitellogenin (Vtg), a female-specific egg yolk protein precursor produced in the liver. As a result, studies have focused on the effects of EDC exposure on the gonad and liver. However, impacts of environmental EDC exposure at higher levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis are less well understood. The pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) are involved in all aspects of gonad development and are subject to feedback from gonadal steroids making them a likely target of endocrine disruption. In this study, the effects of WWTP effluent exposure on pituitary gonadotropin mRNA expression were investigated to assess the utility of Lh beta-subunit (lhb) as a biomarker of estrogen exposure in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). First, a controlled 72-h exposure to 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17 beta-trenbolone (TREN) was performed to evaluate the response of juvenile coho salmon to EDC exposure. Second, juvenile coho salmon were exposed to 0, 20 or 100% effluent from eight WWTPs from the Puget Sound, WA region for 72 h. Juvenile coho salmon exposed to 2 and 10 ng EE2 L-1 had 17-fold and 215-fold higher lhb mRNA levels relative to control fish. Hepatic vtg mRNA levels were dramatically increased 6670-fold, but only in response to 10 ng EE2 L-1 and Fsh beta-subunit (fshb) mRNA levels were not altered by any of the treatments. In the WWTP effluent exposures, lhb mRNA levels were significantly elevated in fish exposed to five of the WWTP effluents. In contrast, transcript levels of vtg were not affected by any of the WWTP effluent exposures. Mean levels of natural and synthetic estrogens in fish bile were consistent with pituitary lhb expression, suggesting that the observed lhb induction may be due to estrogenic activity of the WWTP effluents. These results suggest that lhb gene expression may be a sensitive index of acute exposure to estrogenic chemicals in juvenile coho salmon. Further work is needed to determine the kinetics and specificity of lhb induction to evaluate its utility as a potential indicator of estrogen exposure in immature fish. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Harding, Louisa B.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Schultz, Irvin R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA.
[da Silva, Denis A. M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Swanson, Penny] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Ragsdale, Dave; Harris, Stephanie I.; Bailey, Stephanie; Pepich, Barry V.] US EPA, Manchester Environm Lab, Reg 10,7411 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
[Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA.
[Ragsdale, Dave] POB 88, Ophir, OR 97464 USA.
RP Swanson, P (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM penny.swanson@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 10, Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies
Assistance Program [EPA R10-PS-1004, 13-923270-01]; Richard T.
Whiteleather scholarship; Melvin Anderson Endowed Scholarship in
Fisheries; Roy Jensen Research Fellowship; Lauren R. Donaldson
Scholarship
FX Funds for this work were provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10,
Puget Sound Science and Technical Studies Assistance Program (EPA
R10-PS-1004, federal grant no. 13-923270-01) and by scholarships to
Louisa Harding from the Richard T. Whiteleather scholarship, the Melvin
Anderson Endowed Scholarship in Fisheries, the Roy Jensen Research
Fellowship, and the Lauren R. Donaldson Scholarship. The authors wish to
acknowledge Abby Furhman, Chris Monson, Elizabeth Smith and Richard
Edmunds for technical assistance with fish care, sampling, and
statistical analyses. The authors also wish to thank Dan Villeneuve,
David Bencic, and James Lazorchak for providing helpful feedback on
earlier versions of this manuscript.
NR 98
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 23
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
EI 1879-1514
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 178
BP 118
EP 131
DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.013
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA DV3DV
UT WOS:000382802100013
PM 27475653
ER
PT J
AU Arvani, B
Pierce, RB
Lyapustin, AI
Wang, YJ
Ghermandi, G
Teggi, S
AF Arvani, Barbara
Pierce, R. Bradley
Lyapustin, Alexei I.
Wang, Yujie
Ghermandi, Grazia
Teggi, Sergio
TI Seasonal monitoring and estimation of regional aerosol distribution over
Po valley, northern Italy, using a high-resolution MAIAC product
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosol optical depth (AOD); High resolution aerosol retrieval;
Seasonality AOD-PM10 correlation; MAIAC; MODIS; PM10; Planetary boundary
layer (PBL)
ID AIR-QUALITY ASSESSMENT; MODIS 3 KM; PARTICULATE MATTER PREDICTIONS;
SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; OPTICAL DEPTH RETRIEVALS; PM2.5
CONCENTRATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; AOD RETRIEVALS; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
SATELLITE DATA
AB In this work, the new 1 km-resolved Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm is employed to characterize seasonal PM10 - AOD correlations over northern Italy. The accuracy of the new dataset is assessed compared to the widely used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 5.1 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data, retrieved at 0.55 gm with spatial resolution of 10 km (MYD04_12). We focused on evaluating the ability of these two products to characterize both temporal and spatial distributions of aerosols within urban and suburban areas. Ground PM10 measurements were obtained from 73 of the Italian Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA) monitoring stations, spread across northern Italy, during a three-year period from 2010 to 2012. The Po Valley area (northern Italy) was chosen as the study domain because of its severe urban. air pollution, resulting from it having the highest population and industrial manufacturing density in the country, being located in a valley where two surrounding mountain chains favor the stagnation of pollutants. We found that the global correlations between the bin-averaged PM-to and AOD are R-2 = 0.83 and R-2 = 0.44 for MYD04_L2 and for MAIAC, respectively, suggesting a greater sensitivity of the high resolution product to small-scale deviations. However, the introduction of Relative Humidity (RH) and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) depth corrections allowed for a significant improvement to the bin averaged PM AOD correlation, which led to a similar performance: R-2 = 0.96 for MODIS and R-2 = 0.95 for MAIAC. Furthermore, the introduction of the PBL information in the corrected AOD values was found to be crucial in order to capture the clear seasonal cycle shown by measured PM10 values. The study allowed us to define four seasonal linear correlations that estimate PM10 concentrations satisfactorily from the remotely sensed MAIAC AOD retrieval. Overall, the results show that the high resolution provided by MAIAC retrieval data is much more relevant than the 10 km MODIS data to characterize PM10 in this region of Italy which has a pretty limited geographical domain but a broad variety of land usages and consequent particulate concentrations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Arvani, Barbara; Ghermandi, Grazia; Teggi, Sergio] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Ingn Enzo Ferrari, Via P Vivarelli 10, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
[Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS Adv Satellite Prod Branch, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Lyapustin, Alexei I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wang, Yujie] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Arvani, B (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Ingn Enzo Ferrari, Via P Vivarelli 10, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
EM barbara.arvani@unimore.it
RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010;
OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Teggi,
Sergio/0000-0001-7375-0599
FU Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell' Universita e della Ricerca
(Project PRIN) [2010WLNFY2]
FX This research has been funded by the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione,
dell' Universita e della Ricerca (Project PRIN2010-11, 2010WLNFY2). The
authors are thankful for Italian agencies ARPA Emilia-Romagna, ARPA
Lombardia, ARPA Piemonte, and ARPA Veneto for providing ground
PM10 data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in
this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an
official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 61
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 10
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 141
BP 106
EP 121
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.037
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DU1EL
UT WOS:000381950900010
ER
PT J
AU Burke, BJ
Anderson, JJ
Miller, JA
Tomaro, L
Teel, DJ
Banas, NS
Baptista, AM
AF Burke, Brian J.
Anderson, James J.
Miller, Jessica A.
Tomaro, Londi
Teel, David J.
Banas, Neil S.
Baptista, Antonio M.
TI Estimating behavior in a black box: how coastal oceanographic dynamics
influence yearling Chinook salmon marine growth and migration behaviors
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Chinook salmon; Oceanographic model; Individual-based model; Behavior;
Marine migration
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; JUVENILE PACIFIC
SALMON; EARLY OCEAN RESIDENCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON;
COHO SALMON; SURVIVAL; MODEL; POPULATION
AB Ocean currents or temperature may substantially influence migration behavior in many marine species. However, high-resolution data on animal movement in the marine environment are scarce; therefore, analysts and managers must typically rely on unvalidated assumptions regarding movement, behavior, and habitat use. We used a spatially explicit, individual-based model of early marine migration with two stocks of yearling Chinook salmon to quantify the influence of external forces on estimates of swim speed, consumption, and growth. Model results suggest that salmon behaviorally compensate for changes in the strength and direction of ocean currents. These compensations can result in salmon swimming several times farther than their net movement (straight-line distance) would indicate. However, the magnitude of discrepancy between compensated and straight-line distances varied between oceanographic models. Nevertheless, estimates of relative swim speed among fish groups were less sensitive to the choice of model than estimates of absolute individual swim speed. By comparing groups of fish, this tool can be applied to management questions, such as how experiences and behavior may differ between groups of hatchery fish released early vs. later in the season. By taking into account the experiences and behavior of individual fish, as well as the influence of physical ocean processes, our approach helps illuminate the "black box" of juvenile salmon behavior in the early marine phase of the life cycle.
C1 [Burke, Brian J.] NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.
[Anderson, James J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Miller, Jessica A.; Tomaro, Londi] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Banas, Neil S.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Math & Stat, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Baptista, Antonio M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
RP Burke, BJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.
EM brian.burke@noaa.gov
OI Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937
FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Fisheries
FX Chinook salmon catch data were obtained during a survey funded by the
Bonneville Power Administration and NOAA Fisheries. Parker MacCready
conducted the ROMS model simulation used here and graciously provided
the output. Many people assisted with the project organization and data
collection, including Ed Casillas, Bill Peterson, Ric Brodeur, Bob
Emmett, Kym Jacobson, Cheryl Morgan, Jen Zamon, Brian Beckman, Laurie
Weitkamp, Don Van Doornik, David Kuligowski, Tom Wainwright, Joe Fisher,
Susan Hinton, and Cindy Bucher. We thank Lisa Crozier, Eric Buhle, James
Faulkner, and Mark Scheuerell for helpful discussions related to data
NR 66
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 18
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 99
IS 8-9
BP 671
EP 686
DI 10.1007/s10641-016-0508-7
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DV1PS
UT WOS:000382693900008
ER
PT J
AU Kaiser, MJ
Hilborn, R
Jennings, S
Amaroso, R
Andersen, M
Balliet, K
Barratt, E
Bergstad, OA
Bishop, S
Bostrom, JL
Boyd, C
Bruce, EA
Burden, M
Carey, C
Clermont, J
Collie, JS
Delahunty, A
Dixon, J
Eayrs, S
Edwards, N
Fujita, R
Gauvin, J
Gleason, M
Harris, B
He, PG
Hiddink, JG
Hughes, KM
Inostroza, M
Kenny, A
Kritzer, J
Kuntzsch, V
Lasta, M
Lopez, I
Loveridge, C
Lynch, D
Masters, J
Mazor, T
McConnaughey, RA
Moenne, M
Francis,
Nimick, AM
Olsen, A
Parker, D
Parma, A
Penney, C
Pierce, D
Pitcher, R
Pol, M
Richardson, E
Rijnsdorp, AD
Rilatt, S
Rodmell, DP
Rose, C
Sethi, SA
Short, K
Suuronen, P
Taylor, E
Wallace, S
Webb, L
Wickham, E
Wilding, SR
Wilson, A
Winger, P
Sutherland, WJ
AF Kaiser, Michel J.
Hilborn, Ray
Jennings, Simon
Amaroso, Ricky
Andersen, Michael
Balliet, Kris
Barratt, Eric
Bergstad, Odd A.
Bishop, Stephen
Bostrom, Jodi L.
Boyd, Catherine
Bruce, Eduardo A.
Burden, Merrick
Carey, Chris
Clermont, Jason
Collie, Jeremy S.
Delahunty, Antony
Dixon, Jacqui
Eayrs, Steve
Edwards, Nigel
Fujita, Rod
Gauvin, John
Gleason, Mary
Harris, Brad
He, Pingguo
Hiddink, Jan G.
Hughes, Kathryn M.
Inostroza, Mario
Kenny, Andrew
Kritzer, Jake
Kuntzsch, Volker
Lasta, Mario
Lopez, Ivan
Loveridge, Craig
Lynch, Don
Masters, Jim
Mazor, Tessa
McConnaughey, Robert A.
Moenne, Marcel
Francis
Nimick, Aileen M.
Olsen, Alex
Parker, David
Parma, Ana
Penney, Christine
Pierce, David
Pitcher, Roland
Pol, Michael
Richardson, Ed
Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.
Rilatt, Simon
Rodmell, Dale P.
Rose, Craig
Sethi, Suresh A.
Short, Katherine
Suuronen, Petri
Taylor, Erin
Wallace, Scott
Webb, Lisa
Wickham, Eric
Wilding, Sam R.
Wilson, Ashley
Winger, Paul
Sutherland, William J.
TI Prioritization of knowledge-needs to achieve best practices for bottom
trawling in relation to seabed habitats
SO FISH AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Best practices; habitat impact; knowledge-needs; trawl fisheries
ID FISHING GEAR; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; IMPACTS; DISTURBANCE; COMMUNITY;
MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; BENTHOS; STEWARDSHIP; ECOSYSTEMS
AB Management and technical approaches that achieve a sustainable level of fish production while at the same time minimizing or limiting the wider ecological effects caused through fishing gear contact with the seabed might be considered to be best practice'. To identify future knowledge-needs that would help to support a transition towards the adoption of best practices for trawling, a prioritization exercise was undertaken with a group of 39 practitioners from the seafood industry and management, and 13 research scientists who have an active research interest in bottom-trawl and dredge fisheries. A list of 108 knowledge-needs related to trawl and dredge fisheries was developed in conjunction with an expert task force'. The long list was further refined through a three stage process of voting and scoring, including discussions of each knowledge-need. The top 25 knowledge-needs are presented, as scored separately by practitioners and scientists. There was considerable consistency in the priorities identified by these two groups. The top priority knowledge-need to improve current understanding on the distribution and extent of different habitat types also reinforced the concomitant need for the provision and access to data on the spatial and temporal distribution of all forms of towed bottom-fishing activities. Many of the other top 25 knowledge-needs concerned the evaluation of different management approaches or implementation of different fishing practices, particularly those that explore trade-offs between effects of bottom trawling on biodiversity and ecosystem services and the benefits of fish production as food.
C1 [Gauvin, John] Alaska Seafood Cooperat, 4241 21st Ave West,Suite 302, Seattle, WA 98199 USA.
[Gleason, Mary] Nature Conservancy, 99 Pacific St,Suite 200G, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Harris, Brad; Nimick, Aileen M.; Sethi, Suresh A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Fisheries Aquat Sci & Technol Lab, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[He, Pingguo] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 South Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
[Inostroza, Mario] EMDEPES, Avda Providencia 2653,Piso 15, Santiago, Chile.
[Kritzer, Jake] Environm Def Fund, 18 Tremont St,Suite 850, Boston, MA 02108 USA.
[Lasta, Mario] Diag Montegrande 7078, BP Montemar, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina.
[Lopez, Ivan] Confederac Espanola Pesca, 7 Doctor Fleming, Madrid 28036, Spain.
[Loveridge, Craig] South Pacific Reg Fisheries Management Org, POB 3797, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
[Lynch, Don; Webb, Lisa] Gortons Inc, 128 Rogers St, Gloucester, MA USA.
[Masters, Jim] Marine Conservat Soc, Ross House,Ross Pk, Ross On Wye HR9 7QQ, Hereford, England.
[Mazor, Tessa; Pitcher, Roland] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, POB 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
[McConnaughey, Robert A.] NOAA, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Moenne, Marcel] Pacificblu, Ave Gran Bretana 955, Talcahuano, Chile.
[Francis] Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, 375 Victorial Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland.
[Olsen, Alex; Rilatt, Simon] A Espersen, Kalvebod Brygge 39-41, DK-1560 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Parker, David] Youngs Seafood, Ross House,Wickham Rd, Grimsby DN31 3SW, Lins, England.
[Parma, Ana] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagonico, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
[Pierce, David] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, 251 Causeway St, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
[Pol, Michael] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St,3rd Floor, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA.
[Richardson, Ed] Pollock Conservat Cooperat, 4039 21st Ave West,Suite 400, Seattle, WA USA.
[Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.] Wageningen IMARES, POB 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
[Rose, Craig] FishNext Res, 4707 238th Pl SW, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043 USA.
[Short, Katherine] FLOW Collaborat, 9 Duppa St, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Suuronen, Petri] FAO, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Terme Caracalla, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Wallace, Scott] David Suzuki Fdn, POB 19011,West 4th Ave, Vancouver, BC V6K 4R8, Canada.
[Wickham, Eric] Unit Four, 1957 McNicoll Ave, Vancouver, BC V6J 1A7, Canada.
[Wilding, Sam R.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Wilson, Ashley] Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, 17 Smith Sq, London SW1P, England.
[Winger, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, POB 4920, St John, NF A1C 5R3, Canada.
[Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
RP Kaiser, MJ (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales.
EM michel.kaiser@bangor.ac.uk
RI Rijnsdorp, Adriaan/A-4217-2008; Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013;
OI Sutherland, William/0000-0002-6498-0437
FU Walton Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Arcadia;
FP7-project BENTHIS [312088]
FX MJK, RH and SJ were in receipt of research funds from The Walton
Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and 10 fishing
companies that directly supported the work undertaken in this paper. We
gratefully acknowledge the help of the New England Aquarium, Boston, MA,
in hosting the final event and for the editorial support offered by
Molly Pugh and Ian Kinahan. WJS was funded by Arcadia. ADR and JGH were
supported by the FP7-project BENTHIS (312088). Findings in this article
are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of
the U.S. Government.
NR 77
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 16
U2 21
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1467-2960
EI 1467-2979
J9 FISH FISH
JI Fish. Fish.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 17
IS 3
BP 637
EP 663
DI 10.1111/faf.12134
PG 27
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DU8VW
UT WOS:000382494600006
ER
PT J
AU Gilman, E
Chaloupka, M
Swimmer, Y
Piovano, S
AF Gilman, Eric
Chaloupka, Milani
Swimmer, Yonat
Piovano, Susanna
TI A cross-taxa assessment of pelagic longline by-catch mitigation
measures: conflicts and mutual benefits to elasmobranchs
SO FISH AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE At-vessel mortality; by-catch; circle hook; ray; shark; wire leader
ID SHARK ALOPIAS-SUPERCILIOSUS; EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; TUNA THUNNUS-OBESUS;
SEA-TURTLE BYCATCH; CIRCLE HOOKS; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RELATIVE
ABUNDANCE; DISCARD MORTALITY; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC
AB Elasmobranch mortality in pelagic longline fisheries poses a risk to some populations, alters the distribution of abundance between sympatric competitors, changing ecosystem structure, processes and stability. Individual and synergistic effects on elasmobranch catch and survival from pelagic longline gear factors, including methods prescribed to mitigate bycatch of other vulnerable taxa, were determined. Overall relative risk of higher circle vs. J-shaped hook shark catch rates conditioned on potentially informative moderators, from 30 studies, was estimated using an inverse-precision weighted mixed-effects meta-regression modelling approach. Sharks had a 1.20 times (95% CI: 1.03-1.39) significantly higher pooled relative risk of capture on circle hooks, with two significant moderators. The pooled relative risk estimate of ray circle hook catch from 15 studies was not significant (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.89-1.66) with no significant moderators. From a literature review, wire leaders had higher shark catch and haulback mortality than monofilament. Interacting effects of hook, bait and leader affect shark catch rates: hook shape and width and bait type determine hooking position and ability to sever monofilament leaders. Circle hooks increased elasmobranch catch, but reduced haulback mortality and deep hooking relative to J-shaped hooks of the same or narrower width. Using fish vs. squid for bait increased shark catch and deep hooking. Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) catch and mortality were lower on wider hooks. Using circle instead of J-shaped hooks and fish instead of squid for bait, while benefitting sea turtles, odontocetes and possibly seabirds, exacerbates elasmobranch catch and injury, therefore warranting fishery-specific assessments to determine relative risks.
C1 [Gilman, Eric] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Gilman, Eric] Pelag Fisheries Res Serv, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modeling Serv, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
[Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, POB 6150, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
[Swimmer, Yonat] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 501 W Ocean Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA.
[Piovano, Susanna] Univ South Pacific, Laucala Campus,Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji.
RP Gilman, E (reprint author), 3661 Loulu St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM EGilman@FisheriesResearchGroup.org
FU Sustainable Fisheries Fund Program of the Resources Legacy Fund; Nature
Conservancy
FX We are grateful for assistance provided by Victoria Jeffers, University
of Exeter, with compiling literature. We acknowledge the assistance
provided by Andre Afonso to correct copyediting errors in a table in
Afonso et al. (2012). We are grateful for clarifications provided by
John Watson and Daniel Foster on leader materials used in an experiment
from which findings were published in Watson et al. (2005), Epperly et
al. (2012), and Foster et al. (2012). Peer reviewer and journal editor
comments greatly improved the manuscript. The Sustainable Fisheries Fund
Program of the Resources Legacy Fund and The Nature Conservancy
contributed financial support for this study.
NR 160
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 16
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1467-2960
EI 1467-2979
J9 FISH FISH
JI Fish. Fish.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 17
IS 3
BP 748
EP 784
DI 10.1111/faf.12143
PG 37
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DU8VW
UT WOS:000382494600012
ER
PT J
AU France, DC
AF France, Danielle Cook
TI Anticorrosive Influence of Acetobacter aceti Biofilms on Carbon Steel
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Acetobacter aceti; biofilms; carbon steel; corrosion inhibition;
ethanol; Microbiologically influenced corrosion
ID MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION; MICROBIAL IRON RESPIRATION;
AXENIC AEROBIC BIOFILMS; SAE 1018 STEEL; MILD-STEEL; INHIBIT CORROSION;
BACTERIA; ACID; MICROORGANISMS; DISINFECTION
AB Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel infrastructure is an emerging environmental and cost issue for the ethanol fuel industry, yet its examination lacks rigorous quantification of microbiological parameters that could reveal effective intervention strategies. To quantitatively characterize the effect of cell concentration on MIC of carbon steel, numbers of bacteria exposed to test coupons were systematically controlled to span four orders of magnitude throughout a seven-day test. The bacterium studied, Acetobacter aceti, has been found in ethanol fuel environments and can convert ethanol to the corrosive species acetic acid. A. aceti biofilms formed during the test were qualitatively evaluated with fluorescence microscopy, and steel surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. During exposure, biofilms developed more quickly, and test reactor pH decreased at a faster rate, when cell exposure was higher. Resulting corrosion rates, however, were inversely proportional to cell exposure, indicating that A. aceti biofilms are able to protect carbon steel surfaces from corrosion. This is a novel demonstration of corrosion inhibition by an acid-producing bacterium that occurs naturally in corrosive environments. Mitigation techniques for MIC that harness the power of microbial communities have the potential to be scalable, inexpensive, and green solutions to industrial problems.
C1 [France, Danielle Cook] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP France, DC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM danielle.france@nist.gov
FU NIST; National Research Council Research Associateship at NIST; NIH/NCI
Cancer Center [P30 CA046934]
FX The author would like to thank Jeff Sowards and Elisabeth Mansfield for
establishing support for this work at NIST, and for helpful planning
discussions. In addition, Jeff Sowards, Teresa Kirschling, William
Cordell, Emma Schwartz, and Jolene Splett provided assistance in the
laboratory or with data analysis. John Spear and Chase Williamson of the
Colorado School of Mines provided insights and the A. aceti
environmental isolate. The author was funded by a National Research
Council Research Associateship at NIST. The University of Colorado
Cancer Center DNA Sequencing and Analysis Core is supported by a NIH/NCI
Cancer Center Core Support Grant (P30 CA046934).
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1059-9495
EI 1544-1024
J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM
JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 9
BP 3580
EP 3589
DI 10.1007/s11665-016-2231-0
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA DV2JT
UT WOS:000382747400005
PM 28082824
ER
PT J
AU Bienek, DR
Hoffman, KM
Tutak, W
AF Bienek, Diane R.
Hoffman, Kathleen M.
Tutak, Wojtek
TI Blow-spun chitosan/PEG/PLGA nanofibers as a novel tissue engineering
scaffold with antibacterial properties
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; IN-VITRO; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CHITOSAN; CHITIN;
PROLIFERATION; COMPATIBILITY; FIBROBLASTS; FILMS; ACID
AB Blow spinning is continuing to gain attention in tissue engineering, as the resultant nanofibrous structures can be used to create a biomimetic environment. In this study, blow spinning was used to construct nanofiber scaffolds with up to 10% chitosan and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) in the absence or presence of poly(ethylene glycol). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that nanofibers were distributed randomly to form three-dimensional mats. With respect to chitosan concentration, the average fiber diameter did not differ statistically in either the absence or presence of poly(ethylene glycol). In poly(ethylene glycol)-formulations, the average fiber diameter ranged from (981.9 +/- 611.3) nm to (1139.2 +/- 814.2) nm. In vitro cellular metabolic activity and proliferation studies using keratinized rat squamous epithelial cells (RL-65) showed that cytocompatibility was not compromised with the addition of poly(ethylene glycol). The cell responses at lower (1 and 2.5 %) chitosan concentrations were not significantly different from the groups without chitosan or no scaffold when cultivated for 3, 6, or 9 days. However, >15% reduction in cellular responses were observed at 10% chitosan. In presence of poly(ethylene glycol), nearly a 1-log incremental reduction in the number of colony forming units of Streptococcus mutans occurred as the chitosan concentration increased from 0-1 to 2.5 %. Bacterial preparations tested with poly (ethylene glycol) and 5 or 10% chitosan were not significantly different than the positive kill control. Taken together, the most favorable conditions for attaining cytocompatibility and maintaining antibacterial functionality existed in poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) blow-spun scaffolds with integrated 1 or 2.5% chitosan.
C1 [Bienek, Diane R.; Tutak, Wojtek] ADA Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hoffman, Kathleen M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bienek, DR (reprint author), ADA Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bienekd@ada.org
NR 40
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 14
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0957-4530
EI 1573-4838
J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M
JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 27
IS 9
AR 146
DI 10.1007/s10856-016-5757-7
PG 10
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA DV1QB
UT WOS:000382694800011
PM 27568217
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, Z
Yang, XY
Mirokhin, YA
Tchekhovskoi, DV
Ji, WH
Markey, SP
Roth, J
Neta, P
Hizal, DB
Bowen, MA
Stein, SE
AF Zhang, Zheng
Yang, Xiaoyu
Mirokhin, Yuri A.
Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V.
Ji, Weihua
Markey, Sanford P.
Roth, Jeri
Neta, Pedatsur
Hizal, Deniz Baycin
Bowen, Michael A.
Stein, Stephen E.
TI Interconversion of Peptide Mass Spectral Libraries Derivatized with
iTRAQ or TMT Labels
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE peptide mass spectral library; iTRAQ; TMT; isobaric tag; spectral
conversion
ID IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; 8-PLEX; TAGS
AB Derivitization of peptides with isobaric tags such as iTRAQ and TMT is widely employed in proteomics due to their compatibility with multiplex quantitative measurements. We recently made publicly available a large peptide library derived from iTRAQ 4-plex labeled spectra. This resource has not been used for identifying peptides labeled with related tags with different masses, because values for virtually all masses of precursor and most product ions would differ for ions containing the different tags as well as containing different tag-specific peaks. We describe a method for interconverting spectra from iTRAQ 4-plex to TMT (6- and 10-plex) and to iTRAQ8-plex. We interconvert spectra by appropriately mass shifting sequence ions and discarding derivative-specific peaks. After this "cleaning" of search spectra, we demonstrate that the converted libraries perform well in terms of peptide spectral matches. This is demonstrated by comparing results using sequence database searches as well as by comparing search effectiveness using original and converted libraries. At 1% FDR TMT labeled query spectra match 97% as many spectra against a converted iTRAQ library as compared to an original TMT library. Overall this interconversion strategy provides a practical way to extend results from one derivatization method to others that share related chemistry and do not significantly alter fragmentation profiles.
C1 [Zhang, Zheng; Yang, Xiaoyu; Mirokhin, Yuri A.; Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii V.; Ji, Weihua; Markey, Sanford P.; Roth, Jeri; Neta, Pedatsur; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hizal, Deniz Baycin; Bowen, Michael A.] MedImmune LLC, Antibody Discovery & Prot Engn Dept, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Stein, SE (reprint author), NIST, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM steve.stein@nist.gov
FU NIH/NCI CPTAC program through an Interagency Agreement [ACO15005]; NIST
FX We thank Raghothama Chaerkady and Wen Yu from MedImmune for their
comments on this manuscript. We also acknowledge support from the
NIH/NCI CPTAC program through an Interagency Agreement, ACO15005, with
NIST.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1535-3893
EI 1535-3907
J9 J PROTEOME RES
JI J. Proteome Res.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 15
IS 9
BP 3180
EP 3187
DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00406
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA DV1WR
UT WOS:000382713300023
PM 27386737
ER
PT J
AU Kuriyama, PT
Branch, TA
Bellman, MA
Rutherford, K
AF Kuriyama, Peter T.
Branch, Trevor A.
Bellman, Marlene A.
Rutherford, Kate
TI Catch shares have not led to catch-quota balancing in two North American
multispecies trawl fisheries
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Catch shares; Catch-quota balancing; Groundfish; Individual transferable
quotas; Multispecies fishery
ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; US WEST-COAST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRIP
LIMITS; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; COMMONS
AB Catch shares, where annual catch limits are divided among individuals, communities or cooperatives, are a commonly used fisheries management strategy to increase profits and reduce overcapitalization. Usually these quota shares can be sold or leased, which is theorized to allow for greater utilization of fleet-wide quota. However, this catch-quota balancing may not be achieved in multispecies trawl fisheries where it is difficult to selectively target valuable species while avoiding overfished species. Two similar catch-share-managed, multispecies trawl fisheries were compared to evaluate whether catch shares lead to catch-quota balancing. The U.S. West Coast Groundfish fishery has several species with low total allowable catches (TACs) while the Canadian British Columbia Trawl fishery has comparatively higher TACs. Results indicate that the West Coast fishery had a statistically significant decrease in catch-quota ratios from 0.41 in the three years before catch shares to 0.29 in the three years after catch shares. In contrast, the BC fishery experience no statistically significant change in fishery-wide average catch-quota ratios, which were 0.70 in the three years before and 0.62 in the three years after catch shares. In the West Coast fishery, the risk of exceeding quotas for some species may be so high that fishers are unable to achieve high degrees of catch-quota balancing and instead focus on species that can be easily selected with chahges in fishing behavior. Multispecies fisheries management has direct tradeoffs between maximizing yield and achieving conservation goals, and these results may highlight the tradeoff between rebuilding overfished species by reducing TACs, and the achievement of catch-quota balancing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kuriyama, Peter T.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Bellman, Marlene A.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Rutherford, Kate] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Pacific Reg, Sci Branch, Nanaimo, BC V96 6N7, Canada.
[Bellman, Marlene A.] Northwest Indian Fisheries Commiss, 6730 Martin Way E, Olympia, WA 98516 USA.
RP Kuriyama, PT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM ptrkrym@uw.edu
FU Sea Grant/NOAA Fisheries Population Dynamics Fellowship; regional social
science grant from Washington Sea Grant; Joint Institute for the Study
of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement
[NA10OAR4320148, NA15OAR4320063]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX Thanks to Merrick Burden, Jim Hastie, Brad Pettinger, Jim Seger, Joe
Sullivan, and Bruce Tunis for valuable insights into each of the
fisheries. Thanks to Chris Grandin, Ian Taylor, and Nathan Taylor for
feedback on fish classifications. Thanks to Tim Essington, Dan Holland,
and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the quality and
clarity of the manuscript. Peter Kuriyama was funded by a Sea Grant/NOAA
Fisheries Population Dynamics Fellowship; a regional social science
grant from Washington Sea Grant; and the Joint Institute for the Study
of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement
NA10OAR4320148 (2010-2015) and NA15OAR4320063 (2015-2020), Contribution
No. 2708. In addition, Peter Kuriyama and Trevor Branch were supported
by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
EI 1872-9460
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 71
BP 60
EP 70
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.05.010
PG 11
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA DT6KT
UT WOS:000381593800008
ER
PT J
AU Das, C
AF Das, Chhandita
TI Fisheries annual fixed cost data collection and estimation methodology:
An application in the Northeast, US
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fisheries cost; Survey; Non-response bias; Fisheries cost models
ID RESPONSE RATES; MAIL SURVEYS; DISORDER; MODELS
AB Information on the cost of fishing is integral in measuring fisheries performance and correctly evaluating the economic impacts of fisheries regulations and management rules. However, limited availability of cost data often renders such analyses either incomplete or implausible. This study discusses a survey effort that was undertaken in the Northeast US to collect fisheries annual fixed cost data directly from commercial fishermen. Stratified random samples of fishing vessel owners were surveyed in 2012 and 2013. An overview of the survey procedures, sample selection and administration is given here. The data cleaning process, non-response bias and data summaries are also presented. A modeling framework is discussed for estimating fisheries cost data. Robust cost models in combination with regular data collection efforts will allow for more complete economic and financial analyses relevant to fisheries management and conservation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Das, Chhandita] NYISO, 10 Krey Blvd, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA.
[Das, Chhandita] Integrated Stat, 16 Sumner St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Das, Chhandita] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Social Sci Branch, 15 Carlson Lane, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
RP Das, C (reprint author), NYISO, 10 Krey Blvd, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA.
EM dchhandita@gmail.com
FU NOAA Fisheries
FX The study was funded by NOAA Fisheries. The author thanks Andrew Kitts,
Dr. Tammy Murphy, and Scott Steinback for their contribution to this
project and John Walden for his, feedback on the manuscript. The author
also thanks the contracting company, Eastern Research Group, for
administering the survey. Thanks are also due to hundreds of fishing
vessel owners who responded to the survey, participated in the
focus-groups and provided numerous feedbacks along the way. The author
also wishes to thank the anonymous reviewer and the editor for their
comments.
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
EI 1872-9460
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 71
BP 184
EP 193
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.05.030
PG 10
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA DT6KT
UT WOS:000381593800022
ER
PT J
AU Silin, V
Kasianowicz, JJ
Michelman-Ribeiro, A
Panchal, RG
Bavari, S
Robertson, JWF
AF Silin, Vitalii
Kasianowicz, John J.
Michelman-Ribeiro, Ariel
Panchal, Rekha G.
Bavari, Sina
Robertson, Joseph W. F.
TI Biochip for the Detection of Bacillus anthracis Lethal Factor and
Therapeutic Agents against Anthrax Toxins
SO MEMBRANES
LA English
DT Article
DE anthrax; protective antigen; lethal factor; edema factor; therapeutic
agents; screening; tethered bilayer membrane; biochip
ID BILAYER-LIPID-MEMBRANES; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY;
PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN COMPONENT; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; AUREUS
ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; TETHERED-BILAYER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES;
RECEPTOR-BINDING; ION-CHANNELS; IN-VITRO
AB Tethered lipid bilayer membranes (tBLMs) have been used in many applications, including biosensing and membrane protein structure studies. This report describes a biosensor for anthrax toxins that was fabricated through the self-assembly of a tBLM with B. anthracis protective antigen ion channels that are both the recognition element and electrochemical transducer. We characterize the sensor and its properties with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. The sensor shows a sensitivity similar to ELISA and can also be used to rapidly screen for molecules that bind to the toxins and potentially inhibit their lethal effects.
C1 [Silin, Vitalii; Kasianowicz, John J.; Michelman-Ribeiro, Ariel; Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Silin, Vitalii] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Silin, Vitalii] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20899 USA.
[Panchal, Rekha G.; Bavari, Sina] US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
RP Robertson, JWF (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vitalii.silin@nist.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov;
lasirenita54@yahoo.com; rekha.g.panchal.civ@mail.mil;
sina.bavari.civ@mail.mil; joseph.robertson@nist.gov
NR 83
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 6
U2 6
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2077-0375
J9 MEMBRANES
JI Membranes
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 6
IS 3
AR 36
DI 10.3390/membranes6030036
PG 16
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA DU9BL
UT WOS:000382511100001
ER
PT J
AU Clapham, PJ
AF Clapham, Phillip J.
TI MANAGING LEVIATHAN Conservation Challenges for the Great Whales in a
Post-Whaling World
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; SOVIET CATCHES; CARBON; POPULATION;
ABUNDANCE; NOISE; ISSUE
AB Perhaps no group of animals has come to better symbolize human misuse of the global environment than the great whales. Whaling killed almost three million whales in the twentieth century alone, with some populations estimated to have been reduced by 99% of their pristine abundance. Attempts to promote regulated, sustainable whaling by international agreement, notably through the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (1946), were almost immediately derailed by over-capitalization and profit-based self-interest. The major whaling nations used uncertainties in abundance estimates to ignore increasing evidence of population declines, and consistently exploited procedural flaws in the Convention to obstruct either the passage of rules designed to enact conservation measures or proposals for independent inspection of the industry. This major failure of regulatory efforts was exacerbated by secret, large-scale illegal whaling by the former Soviet Union and Japan that remained undisclosed for decades. Today, the status of the great whales varies widely: some species or populations are recovering strongly from exploitation, while a few others remain critically endangered. Although some whaling continues, the scale is greatly reduced from that of the twentieth century, and in this largely post-whaling world, other threats to whales are more significant. These include well-documented problems such as ship strikes and entanglement in fishing gear, as well as issues for which population-level impacts are unclear (ocean noise) or largely unknown. The removal of so many whales by whaling likely significantly impacted the ecosystems in which they played a major role as consumers and, through their transport and recycling of nutrients, enhanced primary productivity. As populations recover, the effect of their reintegration into the marine environment represents a fascinating issue in ecosystem dynamics. Overall (and with some notable exceptions), whale populations will likely continue to recover; however, this generally optimistic outlook is clouded by the potential for large- scale oceanic ecosystem changes precipitated by global warming.
C1 [Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Clapham, PJ (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Lab, Cetacean Assessment & Ecol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM phillip.clapham@noaa.gov
NR 45
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 15
U2 15
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 29
IS 3
SI SI
BP 214
EP 225
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2016.70
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DU6OM
UT WOS:000382334500027
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, RM
Mahmud, KW
Hu, AZ
Gorshkov, AV
Hafezi, M
Foss-Feig, M
AF Wilson, Ryan M.
Mahmud, Khan W.
Hu, Anzi
Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Hafezi, Mohammad
Foss-Feig, Michael
TI Collective phases of strongly interacting cavity photons
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; QUANTUM NONLINEAR OPTICS;
RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; SINGLE-ATOM; BISTABILITY; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION;
TRANSITIONS; POLARITONS; SYSTEMS
AB We study a coupled array of coherently driven photonic cavities, which maps onto a driven-dissipative XY spin-1/2 model with ferromagnetic couplings in the limit of strong optical nonlinearities. Using a site-decoupled mean-field approximation, we identify steady-state phases with canted antiferromagnetic order, in addition to limit cycle phases, where oscillatory dynamics persist indefinitely. We also identify collective bistable phases, where the system supports two steady states among spatially uniform, antiferromagnetic, and limit cycle phases. We compare these mean-field results to exact quantum trajectory simulations for finite one-dimensional arrays. The exact results exhibit short-range antiferromagnetic order for parameters that have significant overlap with the mean-field phase diagram. In the mean-field bistable regime, the exact quantum dynamics exhibits real-time collective switching between macroscopically distinguishable states. We present a clear physical picture for this dynamics and establish a simple relationship between the switching times and properties of the quantum Liouvillian.
C1 [Wilson, Ryan M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
[Wilson, Ryan M.; Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Hafezi, Mohammad] Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Mahmud, Khan W.; Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Hafezi, Mohammad; Foss-Feig, Michael] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hu, Anzi] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Gorshkov, Alexey V.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Ctr Quantum Informat & Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hafezi, Mohammad] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Foss-Feig, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA.
RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.; Wilson, RM (reprint author), Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008
OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421
FU NSF [NSF PHY11-25915]; ONR; ARO; ARO MURI; ARL; AFOSR; Sloan Foundation;
NSF PIF, at the JQI; NSF PFC at the JQI
FX We thank Mohammad Maghrebi, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, and Jeremy Young for
insightful discussions. R.W., K.M., A.G., and M.H. thank the KITP for
hospitality. We acknowledge partial support from the NSF, ONR, ARO, ARO
MURI, ARL, AFOSR, NSF PIF, and NSF PFC at the JQI, as well as the Sloan
Foundation. This research was supported in part by the NSF under Grant
No. NSF PHY11-25915.
NR 85
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 8
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 3
AR 033801
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.033801
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DV3AY
UT WOS:000382794600007
ER
PT J
AU Braafladt, S
Reipa, V
Atha, DH
AF Braafladt, Signe
Reipa, Vytas
Atha, Donald H.
TI The Comet Assay: Automated Imaging Methods for Improved Analysis and
Reproducibility
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID DNA; CELLS
AB Sources of variability in the comet assay include variations in the protocol used to process the cells, the microscope imaging system and the software used in the computerized analysis of the images. Here we focus on the effect of variations in the microscope imaging system and software analysis using fixed preparations of cells and a single cell processing protocol. To determine the effect of the microscope imaging and analysis on the measured percentage of damaged DNA (% DNA in tail), we used preparations of mammalian cells treated with etoposide or electrochemically induced DNA damage conditions and varied the settings of the automated microscope, camera, and commercial image analysis software. Manual image analysis revealed measurement variations in percent DNA in tail as high as 40% due to microscope focus, camera exposure time and the software image intensity threshold level. Automated image analysis reduced these variations as much as three-fold, but only within a narrow range of focus and exposure settings. The magnitude of variation, observed using both analysis methods, was highly dependent on the overall extent of DNA damage in the particular sample. Mitigating these sources of variability with optimal instrument settings facilitates an accurate evaluation of cell biological variability.
C1 [Braafladt, Signe; Reipa, Vytas; Atha, Donald H.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Atha, DH (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM donald.atha@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 32162
DI 10.1038/srep32162
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DU7AR
UT WOS:000382366200001
PM 27581626
ER
PT J
AU Henschke, N
Everett, JD
Richardson, AJ
Suthers, IM
AF Henschke, Natasha
Everett, Jason D.
Richardson, Anthony J.
Suthers, Iain M.
TI Rethinking the Role of Salps in the Ocean
SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Review
ID TUNICATE THALIA-DEMOCRATICA; ZOOPLANKTON FECAL PELLETS; FOOD-WEB
STRUCTURE; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; PELAGIC TUNICATES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN;
VERTICAL MIGRATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL
OSCILLATIONS
AB Salps are barrel-shaped, gelatinous zooplankton that regularly form large swarms. They have historically been ignored because they are difficult to sample and their gelatinous body structure suggests that they are unimportant in food webs and biogeochemical cycles. We collate evidence to overturn several common misconceptions about salps that have hampered research. We show that salps play a major role in carbon sequestration and are key components of marine food webs as a food source for at least 202 species including fish, turtles, and crustaceans. The future of salps in the Anthropocene is uncertain, and therefore further research into areas such as basic rate processes and their biogeochemical impact through new and innovative laboratory and field methods is needed.
C1 [Henschke, Natasha] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Henschke, Natasha; Everett, Jason D.; Suthers, Iain M.] UNSW, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Henschke, Natasha; Everett, Jason D.; Suthers, Iain M.] Sydney Inst Marine Sci, Bldg 22,Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
[Richardson, Anthony J.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org CSIRO Oceans & Atm, Ecosci Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Dutton Pk, Qld 4001, Australia.
[Richardson, Anthony J.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math CARM, Sch Math & Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Henschke, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.; Henschke, N (reprint author), UNSW, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.; Henschke, N (reprint author), Sydney Inst Marine Sci, Bldg 22,Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
EM n.henschke@princeton.edu
RI Everett, Jason/C-4557-2008
OI Everett, Jason/0000-0002-6681-8054
FU Australian Research Council [DP0880078, DP150102656]; Australian
Postgraduate Award; UNSW Evolution and Ecology Research Centre Skills
Transfer Award
FX This research was funded by Australian Research Council Discovery Grants
DP0880078 and DP150102656. N.H. was funded by an Australian Postgraduate
Award and a UNSW Evolution and Ecology Research Centre Skills Transfer
Award. We thank Oliver Berry for comments on the manuscript and Kira
Askaroff for graphic design. Mark Baird was generous with ideas and
initiated our salp research. Non-salp images in Box 3 were provided by
the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center
for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/). This is
manuscript 184 from the Sydney Institute of Marine Science.
NR 104
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 20
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0169-5347
J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL
JI Trends Ecol. Evol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 9
BP 720
EP 733
DI 10.1016/j.tree.2016.06.007
PG 14
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics &
Heredity
GA DU6SZ
UT WOS:000382346200011
PM 27444105
ER
PT J
AU Long, SE
Catron, BL
Boggs, ASP
Tai, SSC
Wises, SA
AF Long, Stephen E.
Catron, Brittany L.
Boggs, Ashley S. P.
Tai, Susan S. C.
Wises, Stephen A.
TI Development of Standard Reference Materials to support assessment of
iodine status for nutritional and public health purposes
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop 2 on Assessment of Iodine Status - Analytical Methods and
Quality Control
CY JUL 22-23, 2014
CL NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Rockville, MD
HO NIH, Off Dietary Supplements
DE clinical laboratory; iodine; reference materials; quality control;
standardization; thyroid function tests
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FREE THYROID-HORMONES; BLOOD SPOT
THYROGLOBULIN; FREE-THYROXINE; URINARY IODINE; EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS;
IODIZED SALT; HUMAN SERUM; PLASMA; CHROMATOGRAPHY
AB The use of urinary iodine as an indicator of iodine status relies in part on the accuracy of the analytical measurement of iodine in urine. Likewise, the use of dietary iodine intake as an indicator of iodine status relies in part on the accuracy of the analytical measurement of iodine in dietary sources, including foods and dietary supplements. Similarly, the use of specific serum biomarkers of thyroid function to screen for both iodine deficiency and iodine excess relies in part on the accuracy of the analytical measurement of those biomarkers. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has been working with the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements for several years to develop higher-order reference measurement procedures and Standard Reference Materials to support the validation of new routine analytical methods for iodine in foods and dietary supplements, for urinary iodine, and for several serum biomarkers of thyroid function including thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, total and free thyroxine, and total and free triiodothyronine. These materials and methods have the potential to improve the assessment of iodine status and thyroid function in observational studies and clinical trials, thereby promoting public health efforts related to iodine nutrition.
C1 [Long, Stephen E.; Catron, Brittany L.; Boggs, Ashley S. P.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Tai, Susan S. C.; Wises, Stephen A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Long, SE (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM stephen.long@nist.gov
NR 47
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0002-9165
EI 1938-3207
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 104
IS 3
SU S
BP 902S
EP 906S
DI 10.3945/ajcn.115.110361
PG 5
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA DU7UW
UT WOS:000382421100007
PM 27534629
ER
PT J
AU Bryant, C
Atha, D
Reipa, V
AF Bryant, Carson
Atha, Donald
Reipa, Vytas
TI Electrochemical Potential Gradient as a Quantitative in Vitro Test
Platform for Cellular Oxidative Stress
SO ANTIOXIDANTS
LA English
DT Article
DE cellular oxidative stress; electrochemical measurements; cultured
Chinese Hamster Ovary cells; redox potential gradient
ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REDOX HOMEOSTASIS; CULTURE; ELECTRODES;
QUANTIFICATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; INDUCTION; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; BEHAVIOR
AB Oxidative stress in a biological system is often defined as a redox imbalance within cells or groups of cells within an organism. Reductive-oxidative (redox) imbalances in cellular systems have been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer. To better understand the redox environment within cellular systems, it is important to be able to characterize the relationship between the intensity of the oxidative environment, characterized by redox potential, and the biomolecular consequences of oxidative damage. In this study, we show that an in situ electrochemical potential gradient can serve as a tool to simulate exogenous oxidative stress in surface-attached mammalian cells. A culture plate design, which permits direct imaging and analysis of the cell viability, following exposure to a range of solution redox potentials, was developed. The in vitro oxidative stress test vessel consists of a cell growth flask fitted with two platinum electrodes that support a direct current along the flask bottom. The applied potential span and gradient slope can be controlled by adjusting the constant current magnitude across the vessel with spatially localized media potentials measured with a sliding reference electrode. For example, the viability of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells under a gradient of redox potentials indicated that cell death was initiated at approximately 0.4 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) media potential and this potential could be modified with antioxidants. This experimental platform may facilitate studies of oxidative stress characteristics on different types of cells by enabling imaging live cell cultures that have been exposed to a gradient of exogenous redox potentials.
C1 [Bryant, Carson; Atha, Donald; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Reipa, V (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM carson.j.bryant@vanderbilt.edu; Donald.atha@nist.gov; vytas@nist.gov
OI Reipa, Vytas/0000-0001-6984-4146; Bryant, Carson/0000-0002-7475-875X
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2076-3921
J9 ANTIOXIDANTS
JI Antioxidants
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 5
IS 3
AR 23
DI 10.3390/antiox5030023
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Medicinal
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA DU9AT
UT WOS:000382509300003
ER
PT J
AU Babushok, VI
Linteris, GT
Katta, VR
Takahashi, E
AF Babushok, V. I.
Linteris, G. T.
Katta, V. R.
Takahashi, E.
TI Influence of hydrocarbon moiety of DMMP on flame propagation in lean
mixtures
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE DMMP; PCCs; CF3Br; Flame inhibition; Fire suppressants
ID INHIBITION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; COMBUSTION; RANGE
AB Phosphorus-containing compounds (PCCs) have been found to be significantly more effective than CF3Br for reducing burning velocity when added to stoichiometric hydrocarbon-air flames. However, when added to lean flames, DMMP (dimethylmethylphosphonate) is predicted to increase the burning velocity. The addition of DMMP to lean mixtures apparently increases the equivalence ratio (fuel/oxidizer) and the combustion temperature, as a result of hydrocarbon content of DMMP molecule. Premixed flames studies with added DMMP, OP(OH)(3), and CF3Br are used to understand the different behavior with varying equivalence ratio and agent loading. Decrease of the equivalence ratio leads to the decrease of inhibition effectiveness of PCCs relative to bromine-containing compounds. For very lean mixtures CF3Br becomes more effective inhibitor than PCCs. Calculations of laminar burning velocities for pure DMMP/air mixtures predict the maximum burning velocity of 10.5 cm/s at 4.04% of DMMP in air and at an initial temperature of 400 K. Adiabatic combustion temperature is 2155 K at these conditions. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Babushok, V. I.; Linteris, G. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Katta, V. R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA.
[Takahashi, E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vbabushok@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; FXT Consulting, LLC
FX The work was supported under the Cooperative Agreement by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology with FXT Consulting, LLC.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 171
BP 168
EP 172
DI 10.1016/j.combustfiame.2016.06.019
PG 5
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA DU9CE
UT WOS:000382513000015
ER
PT J
AU Arini, A
Head, JA
Murphy, CA
Carvan, MJ
Goetz, R
Klingler, RH
Nam, DH
Basu, N
AF Arini, Adeline
Head, Jessica A.
Murphy, Cheryl A.
Carvan, Michael J.
Goetz, Rick
Klingler, Rebekah H.
Nam, Dong-Ha
Basu, Niladri
TI Neuroendocrine biochemical effects in methylmercury-exposed yellow perch
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Androgen receptors; Dopamine; Estrogen receptors; Fish; GABA; In vitro
exposures; Methylmercury; Neurotoxicology
ID CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS;
MONOAMINE-OXIDASE ACTIVITY; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; FATHEAD MINNOWS;
FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; CLARIAS-BATRACHUS; MERCURY
EXPOSURE; CEREBRAL-CORTEX
AB The present study used in vivo and in vitro methods to characterize the effects of MeHg on key neuroendocrine biochemicals. First, adult female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were exposed to dietary MeHg (0, 0.5, 5, 50 ppm) for 16 weeks throughout the gonadal development period. In different brain regions and liver, GABA-benzodiazepine (BZ), dopamine (D2), estrogen (ERs) and androgen receptors (ARs), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were measured. Saturation curves revealed a MeHg-dependent increase of the maximum binding (Bmax) of D2 receptor in the hypothalamus versus controls (284-606%), concomitant with a decrease in receptor affinity (up to 984% lower). The activity of MAO was enhanced in different brain regions of exposed fish (240-383% in the hypothalamus). MeHg concentrations were negatively correlated with the number of ERs in all brain regions except for the hypothalamus. For the 5 and 50 ppm exposure groups, MeHg concentrations were positively correlated with the number of ARs (130-329% and 225% for brain regions and liver, respectively compared to controls). In vitro exposures were conducted in parallel using different fish species (giant danio, goldfish, yellow perch, lake trout) to test the inhibitory potential of MeHgCl or HgCl2 (0.01-320 mu M). There was no evidence of impacts on receptors, but the activities of GS, GAD and MAO (except in yellow perch) were inhibited by both MeHgCland HgCl2 in a species-dependent manner. In general, these findings show that environmentally relevant dietary exposures to MeHg can affect key neuroendocrine receptors and enzymes important to fish reproduction. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Arini, Adeline; Head, Jessica A.; Basu, Niladri] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
[Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Carvan, Michael J.; Klingler, Rebekah H.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
[Goetz, Rick] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Nam, Dong-Ha] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Gwangju, South Korea.
[Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Basu, N (reprint author), 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.
EM nil.basu@mcgill.ca
OI Carvan, Michael/0000-0002-9190-9417; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037
FU NIH [P30ES004184]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
[EPAGLNPO-2010-TX-8-1223-395, R835170]; National Sciences and
Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation
grant; Canada Research Chairs (CRC); University of Michigan School of
Public Health; MSU AgBioResearch
FX Funding for this work was provided by the NIH grant (P30ES004184) and
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) via a Great Lakes
Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Grant (EPAGLNPO-2010-TX-8-1223-395) and a
Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grant (Grant number R835170).
Additional financial support to NB was obtained from a National Sciences
and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant, Canada
Foundation for Innovation grant, and a Canada Research Chairs (CRC), as
well as internal funds from the University of Michigan School of Public
Health. Additional support for the fish exposures, sample collection,
and logistics were provided by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
School of Freshwater Sciences. CM was also partially funded by MSU
AgBioResearch. We also thank Jeremy Larson and Benjamin Barst for
constructive and critical assessment of an earlier version of the
manuscript.
NR 53
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1532-0456
EI 1878-1659
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 187
BP 10
EP 18
DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.04.001
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
Toxicology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism;
Toxicology; Zoology
GA DU5SI
UT WOS:000382271200002
PM 27067727
ER
PT J
AU Kim, HS
Chung, YS
Tans, PP
Yoon, MB
AF Kim, Hak-Sung
Chung, Yong-Seung
Tans, Pieter P.
Yoon, Ma-Byong
TI Climatological variability of air temperature and precipitation observed
in South Korea for the last 50 years
SO AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE Decadal variability; Climatological elements; Temperature;
Precipitation; Subtropical climate zone
ID EAST-ASIA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHINA
AB This study analyzed decadal variability in the near-surface air temperature and precipitation and key climatological elements in South Korea from 1960 to 2010. The decadal trend toward increases in annual temperature was conspicuous in large cities at a rate of 0.29 +/- 0.08 A degrees C decade(-1) compared with 0.11 +/- 0.08 A degrees C decade(-1) in other stations. The increasing rate in January temperatures has resulted in a rise in annual temperature. The 1990s marked an all-time high in decadal January temperatures, which caused a shift of -3 A degrees C in the northern boundary of the subtropical climate zone, compared with the 1960s-1980s. The shift of -3 A degrees C isotherm to the north occurred in the inland and on the western parts of South Korea in the 1990s. The increasing trend of air temperature in Korea is associated with the general increase in greenhouse gases in East Asia. The decadal precipitation trend has caused a large increase in summer precipitation at a rate of 40.6 +/- 4.3 mm decade(-1), resulting in an increase of annual precipitation of 27.7 +/- 5.5 mm decade(-1). The spatial variability of the overlapping 30-year precipitation grew due to increases in precipitation on the southern and eastern parts of South Korea from 1981 to 2010. The northward shift of the subtropical zone has resulted in a rise of heavy rainfall days (>= 30 mm day(-1)) from 1981 to 2010.
C1 [Kim, Hak-Sung; Chung, Yong-Seung] Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, 304 Koonghyon, Cheongju 28177, Chungbuk, South Korea.
[Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Yoon, Ma-Byong] Jeonju Univ, Dept Sci Educ, 303 Cheonjam, Jeonju 55069, Cheonbuk, South Korea.
RP Chung, YS (reprint author), Korea Ctr Atmospher Environm Res, 304 Koonghyon, Cheongju 28177, Chungbuk, South Korea.
EM kccar1@naver.com
FU Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [2015024765]
FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program
through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the
Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning (2015024765).
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 4
PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 1873-9318
EI 1873-9326
J9 AIR QUAL ATMOS HLTH
JI Air Qual. Atmos. Health
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 6
BP 645
EP 651
DI 10.1007/s11869-015-0366-z
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DT0EP
UT WOS:000381156200006
ER
PT J
AU Bodner, M
Bastisch, I
Butler, JM
Fimmers, R
Gill, P
Gusmao, L
Morling, N
Phillips, C
Prinz, M
Schneider, PM
Parson, W
AF Bodner, Martin
Bastisch, Ingo
Butler, John M.
Fimmers, Rolf
Gill, Peter
Gusmao, Leonor
Morling, Niels
Phillips, Christopher
Prinz, Mechthild
Schneider, Peter M.
Parson, Walther
TI Recommendations of the DNA Commission of the International Society for
Forensic Genetics (ISFG) on quality control of autosomal Short Tandem
Repeat allele frequency databasing (STRidER)
SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Short tandem repeat; STR database; Quality control; Population data;
Forensic genetics
ID POPULATION-DATA; MTDNA DATA; STR; NOMENCLATURE; GUIDELINES; MARKERS;
PUBLICATION; FINGERPRINT; MULTIPLEXES; MUTATIONS
AB The statistical evaluation of autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) genotypes is based on allele frequencies. These are empirically determined from sets of randomly selected human samples, compiled into STR databases that have been established in the course of population genetic studies. There is currently no agreed procedure of performing quality control of STR allele frequency databases, and the reliability and accuracy of the data are largely based on the responsibility of the individual contributing research groups. It has been demonstrated with databases of haploid markers (EMPOP for mitochondrial mtDNA, and YHRD for Y-chromosomal loci) that centralized quality control and data curation is essential to minimize error. The concepts employed for quality control involve software-aided likelihood-of-genotype, phylogenetic, and population genetic checks that allow the researchers to compare novel data to established datasets and, thus, maintain the high quality required in forensic genetics.
Here, we present STRidER (http://strider.online), a publicly available, centrally curated online allele frequency database and quality control platform for autosomal STRs. STRidER expands on the previously established ENFSI DNA WG STRbASE and applies standard concepts established for haploid and autosomal markers as well as novel tools to reduce error and increase the quality of autosomal STR data. The platform constitutes a significant improvement and innovation for the scientific community, offering autosomal STR data quality control and reliable STR genotype estimates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bodner, Martin; Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, Mullerstr 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Bastisch, Ingo] Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden, Germany.
[Butler, John M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fimmers, Rolf] Univ Hosp Bonn, Inst Med Biometry Informat & Epidemiol, Bonn, Germany.
[Gill, Peter] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Forens Biol, Oslo, Norway.
[Gill, Peter] Univ Oslo, Dept Forens Med, Oslo, Norway.
[Gusmao, Leonor] State Univ Rio de Janeiro UERJ, DNA Diagnost Lab LDD, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, IPATIMUP, Oporto, Portugal.
[Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto, Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude, Oporto, Portugal.
[Morling, Niels] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Sect Forens Genet, Dept Forens Med, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Phillips, Christopher] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Forens Genet Unit, Galicia, Spain.
[Prinz, Mechthild] John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Sci, New York, NY USA.
[Schneider, Peter M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany.
[Parson, Walther] Penn State Univ, Forens Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Parson, W (reprint author), Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, Mullerstr 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
EM walther.parson@i-med.ac.at
RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013
OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481
FU Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme of the European Union;
ENFSI DNA Working Group; Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University
of Innsbruck, Austria
FX The authors are grateful to Volker Weirich (Rampe, Germany), Martin
Eckert, and Marie-Luise Sonntag (Wiesbaden, Germany) for valuable
discussion and contributions, and to Nicole Huber, Gregor Kofler, Martin
Pircher, Stefan Troger (Innsbruck, Austria) for excellent technical and
software support. This project received funding from the Prevention of
and Fight against Crime Programme of the European Union, the ENFSI DNA
Working Group, and from the Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical
University of Innsbruck, Austria (Richard Scheithauer).
NR 54
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 7
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 1872-4973
EI 1878-0326
J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN
JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 24
BP 97
EP 102
DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.06.008
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal
SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine
GA DT8HI
UT WOS:000381730400020
PM 27352221
ER
PT J
AU Perretti, CT
Sedarat, M
AF Perretti, Charles T.
Sedarat, Mohammad
TI The influence of the El Nino Southern Oscillation on paralarval market
squid (Doryteuthis opalescens)
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE cephalopods; Critical Period Hypothesis; Doryteuthis; fishery;
population dynamics
ID LOLIGO-OPALESCENS; CALIFORNIA BIGHT; LIFE-CYCLE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE;
MORTALITY; HYPOTHESIS; ABUNDANCE; VULGARIS; LARVAE
AB California market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) support one of the largest and most valuable fisheries in California. However, market squid abundance varies greatly from year to year, ostensibly as a result of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, although the underlying mechanism is not known. Classic hypotheses suggest that the early larval stage may be the key to uncovering this mechanism. Here, we perform a time series analysis, length-distribution analysis, and growth analysis to investigate the effects of ENSO on paralarval D.opalescens. In contrast to classic hypotheses, we find that ENSO does not drive early paralarval survival or growth. Instead, we find that the ENSO operates primarily on the late paralarval stage, with El Nino conditions associated with lower survival of late-stage paralarvae. We also find that time series models which use ENSO conditions during the previous juvenile and adult stage outperform models that use ENSO conditions during the paralarval stage. Our results suggest that the population bottleneck for D.opalescens does not occur in the early paralarval stage, but instead lies later in the squid's life.
C1 [Perretti, Charles T.; Sedarat, Mohammad] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Perretti, Charles T.] NEFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Perretti, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Perretti, CT (reprint author), NEFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM charles.perretti@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant Population Dynamics
Fellowship [E/PD-9]
FX We are indebted to the CalCOFI program for the collection and archival
of the paralarvae samples. We thank Noelle Bowlin, Sherri Charter,
Andrew Thompson, and William Watson for assisting us in obtaining
paralarvae samples. This manuscript benefited greatly from comments by
Michael Navarro, Emmanis Dorval, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank
Nicholas Holland and David Checkley for providing laboratory equipment
and guidance for analyzing statoliths. We thank Philip Zerofski for his
assistance in rearing paralarvae and the collection of wild eggs.
Funding was provided by a National Marine Fisheries Service/Sea Grant
Population Dynamics Fellowship (E/PD-9).
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 11
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1054-6006
EI 1365-2419
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 5
BP 491
EP 499
DI 10.1111/fog.12167
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA DS6PR
UT WOS:000380905000002
ER
PT J
AU Smith, BE
Ford, MD
Link, JS
AF Smith, Brian E.
Ford, Michael D.
Link, Jason S.
TI Bloom or bust: synchrony in jellyfish abundance, fish consumption,
benthic scavenger abundance, and environmental drivers across a
continental shelf
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
DE climate change; gelatinous zooplankton bloom; northwest Atlantic;
scavenging; time series analysis; trophic ecology
ID MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI CTENOPHORA; DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; COD GADUS-MORHUA;
GEORGES-BANK; REGIME SHIFTS; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS;
ATLANTIC COD; MASS DEPOSITION; ANTARCTIC SHELF
AB Increases in gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) populations, their dominance of some ecosystems, their impacts to other taxa, and their questionable trophic value remain global concerns, but they are difficult to quantify. We compared trends in GZ abundance from direct sampling for the northeast U.S. continental shelf and tested their association with GZ consumption by spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias); the abundance of two benthic scavengers: Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) and grenadiers (Family: Macrouridae); and four environmental indices: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and sea surface and bottom temperatures. Defined as scyphozoans, siphonophores, ctenophores, and salps, the abundance of GZ on the shelf has oscillated with blooms approximately every 10-15yr. Conservative estimates of annual removal of GZ by spiny dogfish ranged from approximately 0.3-298g individual(-1) with spiny dogfish being the primary GZ feeder sampled on the shelf. The examination of three abundance series for GZ identified one shelf-wide trend and strong relationships with 2-yr lagged consumption and scavenger abundance (namely hagfish), and sea surface temperature. With multimodel inference, these covariates led to an optimal model of GZ abundance. Blooms of GZ abundance on this shelf were influenced by environmental change, provide surges of food for spiny dogfish, and may offer food falls' for scavenging fishes. The bioenergetic tradeoffs of consuming greater amounts of GZ compared to other major prey (e.g., fishes) remain unknown; however, these surges of food in the northwest Atlantic appear to be important for fishes, including support for benthic scavenger productivity.
C1 [Smith, Brian E.; Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Ford, Michael D.] NOAA Fisheries, SSMC3 12525,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Smith, BE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM brian.smith@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Fisheries'
FX We acknowledge the many people involved with the sampling and
maintenance of various oceanographic and fish ecology datasets used in
this study. In particular, we are grateful for NOAA Fisheries' support
with the continuation of long-term, continental shelf-wide ecosystem
surveys which are priceless data streams. We also thank J. Hare for his
guidance with the plankton data, and thank two anonymous reviewers for
their comments on prior versions of this manuscript.
NR 114
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 40
U2 56
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1054-6006
EI 1365-2419
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 5
BP 500
EP 514
DI 10.1111/fog.12168
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA DS6PR
UT WOS:000380905000003
ER
PT J
AU Elliott, ML
Schmidt, AE
Acosta, S
Bradley, R
Warzybok, P
Sakuma, KM
Field, JC
Jahncke, J
AF Elliott, Meredith L.
Schmidt, Annie E.
Acosta, Sara
Bradley, Russell
Warzybok, Pete
Sakuma, Keith M.
Field, John C.
Jahncke, Jaime
TI Brandt's cormorant diet (1994-2012) indicates the importance of fall
ocean conditions for northern anchovy in central California
SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE California Current; Engraulis mordax; Farallon Islands; Phalacrocorax
penicillatus; rockfish; seabirds as indicators; Sebastes
ID SEBASTES SPP. ABUNDANCE; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX;
PHALACROCORAX-PENICILLATUS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TROPHIC LEVEL; ENGLISH
SOLE; SEABIRD; CLIMATE; PREY
AB Effective ecosystem-based management requires a comprehensive understanding of the functional links in the system. In many marine systems, forage species constitute a critical link between primary production and upper trophic level marine predators. As top predators, seabirds can be indicators of the forage species they consume and the ocean processes that influence these populations. We analyzed the diet and breeding success for the years 1994, 2003, 2005, and 2007-2012 of the Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus), a piscivorous diving seabird, breeding in central California, to evaluate the extent to which cormorant diet composition relates to prey availability, and how diet composition relates to breeding success and ocean conditions. Cormorant diet was primarily composed of young-of-the-year (YOY) northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), YOY rockfish (Sebastes spp.), and several species of small flatfish (order Pleuronectiformes). YOY rockfish consumption was positively related to their abundance as measured in a late spring pelagic midwater trawl survey. Northern anchovy appeared to be the most important prey as its consumption was positively related to cormorant breeding success. More northern anchovy were consumed in years where warm-water conditions prevailed in the fall season before cormorant breeding. Thus, warm ocean conditions in the fall appear to be an important contributing factor in producing a strong year-class of northern anchovy in central California and consequently a strong-year class of Brandt's cormorant on the Farallon Islands.
C1 [Elliott, Meredith L.; Schmidt, Annie E.; Acosta, Sara; Bradley, Russell; Warzybok, Pete; Jahncke, Jaime] Point Blue Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Schmidt, Annie E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Sakuma, Keith M.; Field, John C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Elliott, ML (reprint author), Point Blue Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr 11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
EM melliott@pointblue.org
FU Boring Family Foundation; Faucett Catalyst Fund; Hellman Family
Foundation; Moore Family Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation; Resources Legacy Fund; Frank A. Campini Foundation; Marisla
Foundation; Giles W. and Elise G. Mead Foundation; Kimball Foundation;
Elinor Paterson Baker Trust
FX We would like to thank the Boring Family Foundation, Faucett Catalyst
Fund, Hellman Family Foundation, Moore Family Foundation, National Fish
and Wildlife Foundation, Resources Legacy Fund, Frank A. Campini
Foundation, Marisla Foundation, The Giles W. and Elise G. Mead
Foundation, The Kimball Foundation, Elinor Paterson Baker Trust, and the
many Point Blue donors who have helped fund the work on the Farallon
Islands over the years. Our research on the Farallones would not be
possible without our partnerships with the Farallon National Wildlife
Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), the Farallones Marine Sanctuary
Association, Cordell Bank and Gulf of the Farallones National Marine
Sanctuaries (a part of the NOAA), and the Farallon Patrol (and all of
its associated volunteers). We also thank the NOAA Corps officers,
fishermen and other scientists who made the trawl survey collections
possible. We appreciate statistics advice from Nadav Nur (Point Blue),
and thanks to Julie Howar (Point Blue) for creating the map of the study
area. We thank Brian Wells and Melissa Monk (NOAA/NMFS) for reviewing an
earlier draft of this manuscript. We also thank David Ainley and one
anonymous reviewer for their recommendations, which greatly improved
this manuscript. Many laboratory interns and volunteers have helped us
collect data, and we thank them for their hours of hard work. This is
Point Blue contribution number 1980.
NR 64
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1054-6006
EI 1365-2419
J9 FISH OCEANOGR
JI Fish Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 25
IS 5
BP 515
EP 528
DI 10.1111/fog.12169
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Oceanography
GA DS6PR
UT WOS:000380905000004
ER
PT J
AU Gaitan, CF
AF Gaitan, Carlos F.
TI Effects of variance adjustment techniques and time-invariant transfer
functions on heat wave duration indices and other metrics derived from
downscaled time-series. Study case: Montreal, Canada
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Heat wave duration index; Daily maximum temperature; Transfer functions;
Statistical downscaling; Stationarity
ID CIRCULATION MODEL OUTPUT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DAILY TEMPERATURE; UNCERTAINTY
ANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION; SCALE; PERFORMANCE; PROJECTIONS;
EXTREMES
AB Statistical downscaling techniques are often used to generate finer-scale projections of climate variables affected by local-scale processes not resolved by coarse resolution numerical models like global climate models (GCMs). Statistical downscaling models rely on several assumptions in order to produce finer-/local-scale projections of the variable of interest; one of these assumptions is the time-invariance of the relationships between predictors (e.g. coarse resolution GCM output) and the local-scale predictands (e.g. gridded observation-based time-series or weather station observations). However, in the absence of future observations, statistical downscaling studies use historical data to evaluate their models and assume that these historical simulation skills will be retained in the future. In addition, regression-based downscaling models fail to reproduce the observed variance, and hence their projections need to be adjusted accordingly. Two approaches are usually employed to perform this adjustment: randomization and variance inflation. Here, we study the effect of the stationarity assumption when downscaling daily maximum temperatures and using the downscaled information to estimate historical and future metrics like return periods and heat waves durations over Montreal, Canada; and the effect of the two variance adjustment techniques on the historical and future time-series. To do so, we used regional climate model (RCM) output from the Canadian RCM 4.2, as proxies of historical and future local climates, and daily maximum temperatures obtained from the Canadian GCM 3.1. The results show that the root-mean-squared errors between the pseudo-observations and the statistically downscaled time-series (historical and future) varied over time, with higher errors in the future period; and the effects of randomization and variance inflation on the tails of the statistically downscaled time-series.
C1 [Gaitan, Carlos F.] South Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Gaitan, Carlos F.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Gaitan, Carlos F.] NOAA GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Gaitan, CF (reprint author), South Cent Climate Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Gaitan, CF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Gaitan, CF (reprint author), NOAA GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM carlos.gaitan@ou.edu
OI Gaitan, Carlos/0000-0003-3592-5196
FU College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences at the University of
Oklahoma
FX The author would like to acknowledge the Data Access Integration (DAI)
Team for providing the data and technical support. The DAI Portal
(http://loki.qc.ec.gc.ca/DAI/) is made possible through collaboration
among the Global Environmental and Climate Change Centre (GEC3), the
Adaptation and Impacts Research Division (AIRD) of Environment Canada,
and the Drought Research Initiative (DRI). The College of Atmospheric
and Geographic Sciences at the University of Oklahoma provided the funds
to support the author. Support for the lead author's workspace and
computational environment were provided by NOAA's Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL).
NR 87
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
J9 NAT HAZARDS
JI Nat. Hazards
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 83
IS 3
BP 1661
EP 1681
DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2381-2
PG 21
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA DS5BF
UT WOS:000380794800015
ER
PT J
AU Feng, J
Ding, RQ
Li, JP
Liu, DQ
AF Feng, Jie
Ding, Ruiqiang
Li, Jianping
Liu, Deqiang
TI Comparison of nonlinear local Lyapunov vectors with bred vectors, random
perturbations and ensemble transform Kalman filter strategies in a
barotropic model
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE ensemble forecasting; bred vector; nonlinear local Lyapunov vector;
ensemble transform Kalman filter
ID TEMPORAL-SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL;
DATA-ASSIMILATION; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; UNSTABLE SUBSPACE; ERROR
GROWTH; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS;
PART I
AB The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors (BVs) are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector (NLLV) scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram-Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more components in analysis errors than the BVs.
In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random perturbation (RP) technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version-the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.
C1 [Feng, Jie; Ding, Ruiqiang; Liu, Deqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Feng, Jie; Liu, Deqiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
[Feng, Jie] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Ocean & Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ding, Ruiqiang] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Plateau Atmosphere & Environm Key Lab Sichuan Pro, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
[Li, Jianping] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Li, Jianping] Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Deqiang] Fujian Meteorol Observ, Fuzhou 350001, Peoples R China.
RP Li, JP (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.; Li, JP (reprint author), Joint Ctr Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM ljp@bnu.edu.cn
FU NSFC [41375110, 41175069]; 973 projects of China [2012CB955200,
2010CB950400]
FX We would like to thank Dr. Zhina JIANG for providing the Barotropic
Quasi-geostrophic Model and Dr. Si SHEN for discussions on EnKF DA. This
research was jointly supported by NSFC projects (Grant Nos. 41375110 and
41175069) and the 973 projects of China (Grant Nos. 2012CB955200 and
2010CB950400).
NR 54
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 9
U2 11
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
EI 1861-9533
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 33
IS 9
BP 1036
EP 1046
DI 10.1007/s00376-016-6003-4
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DS0CN
UT WOS:000380263100003
ER
PT J
AU Preta, G
Jankunec, M
Heinrich, F
Griffin, S
Sheldon, IM
Valincius, G
AF Preta, Giulio
Jankunec, Marija
Heinrich, Frank
Griffin, Sholeem
Sheldon, Iain Martin
Valincius, Gintaras
TI Tethered bilayer membranes as a complementary tool for functional and
structural studies: The pyolysin case
SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins; Tethered bilayer membranes; Dynasore;
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
ID CHOLESTEROL-DEPENDENT CYTOLYSIN; FLUORESCENT LIPID PROBES; ION-CHANNEL;
TRUEPERELLA-PYOGENES; DYNAMIN INHIBITOR; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; PORE
FORMATION; DYNASORE; PROTEIN; OLIGOMERIZATION
AB We demonstrate the use of tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) as an experimental platform for functional and structural studies of membrane associated proteins by electrochemical techniques. The reconstitution of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) pyolysin (PLO) from Trueperella pyogenes into tBLMs was followed in real-time by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Changes of the EIS parameters of the tBLMs upon exposure to PLO solutions were consistent with the dielectric barrier damage occurring through the formation of water-filled pores in membranes. Parallel experiments involving a mutant version of PLO, which is able to bind to the membranes but does not form oligomer pores, strengthen the reliability of this methodology, since no change in the electrochemical impedance was observed. Complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM) and neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements revealed structural details of the membrane bound PLO, consistent with the structural transformations of the membrane bound toxins found for other cholesterol dependent cytolysins. In this work, using the tBLMs platform we also observed a protective effect of the dynamin inhibitor Dynasore against pyolysin as well as pneumolysin. An effect of Dynasore in tBLMs, which was earlier observed in experiments with live cells, confirms the biological relevance of the tBLMs models, as well as demonstrates the potential of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to quantify membrane damage by the pore forming toxins. In conclusion, tBLM5 are a reliable and complementary method to explore the activity of CDCs in eukaryotic cells and to develop strategies to limit the toxic effects of CDCs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Preta, Giulio; Jankunec, Marija; Valincius, Gintaras] Vilnius Univ, Inst Biochem, Dept Bioelectrochem & Biospect, Vilnius, Lithuania.
[Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Griffin, Sholeem; Sheldon, Iain Martin] Swansea Univ, Sch Med, Inst Life Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
RP Valincius, G (reprint author), Vilnius Univ, Inst Biochem, Dept Bioelectrochem & Biospect, Vilnius, Lithuania.
EM gintaras.valincius@bchi.vu.lt
RI Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010;
OI Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Sheldon, Iain
Martin/0000-0001-7902-5558; Preta, Giulio/0000-0002-8318-4698
FU European Social Fund [VP1-3.1-SMM-10-V-02-024]
FX We thank T. Penkauskas for the assistance in preparing tBLMs and setting
up EIS experiments, H. Jost and S. Billington (University of Arizona,
USA) for the rPLO plasmid and M. Palmer (University of Waterloo, Canada)
for the dsPLO plasmid, and D.J. Vanderah and Z. Sallman for purification
of the molecular anchor HC18 for tBLMs used for neutron reflectometry.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the European Social Fund for the
financial support through the agreement no. VP1-3.1-SMM-10-V-02-024
(project MiniFob). G.V. acknowledges the University of Maryland
Institute for Biosciences and Biotechnology Research (Rockville,
Maryland) for the travel support and NIST Center for Neutron Research
for access to neutron instrumentation.
NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0005-2736
EI 0006-3002
J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES
JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 1858
IS 9
BP 2070
EP 2080
DI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.016
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA DS2LR
UT WOS:000380601500013
PM 27211243
ER
PT J
AU Baker, ET
Resing, JA
Haymon, RM
Tunnicliffe, V
Lavelle, JW
Martinez, F
Ferrini, V
Walker, SL
Nakamura, K
AF Baker, Edward T.
Resing, Joseph A.
Haymon, Rachel M.
Tunnicliffe, Verena
Lavelle, J. William
Martinez, Fernando
Ferrini, Vicki
Walker, Sharon L.
Nakamura, Koichi
TI How many vent fields? New estimates of vent field populations on ocean
ridges from precise mapping of hydrothermal discharge locations
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrothermal venting; diffuse flow; ocean ridges; faunal distribution;
geochemical budgets; crustal circulation
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; FINE-SCALE SEGMENTATION; LAU SPREADING CENTER;
BACK-ARC BASIN; DEEP-SEA; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; DIFFUSE
FLOW; PLUME; SYSTEMS
AB Decades of exploration for venting sites along spreading ridge crests have produced global datasets that yield estimated mean site spacings of similar to 12-220 km. This conclusion demands that sites where hydrothermal fluid leaks from the seafloor are improbably rare along the 66 000 km global ridge system, despite the high bulk permeability of ridge crest axes. However, to date, exploration methods have neither reliably detected plumes from isolated low-temperature, particle-poor, diffuse sources, nor differentiated individual, closely spaced (clustered within a few kilometers) sites of any kind. Here we describe a much lower mean discharge spacing of 3-20 km, revealed by towing real-time oxidation-reduction-potential and optical sensors continuously along four fast- and intermediate-rate (>55 mm/yr) spreading ridge sections totaling 1470 km length. This closer spacing reflects both discovery of isolated sites discharging particle-poor plumes (25% of all sites) and improved discrimination (at a spatial resolution of similar to 1 km) among clustered discrete and diffuse sources. Consequently, the number of active vent sites on fast and intermediate-rate spreading ridges may be at least a factor of 3-6 higher than now presumed. This increase provides new quantitative constraints for models of seafloor processes such as dispersal of fauna among seafloor and crustal chemosynthetic habitats, biogeochemical impacts of diffuse venting, and spatial patterns of hydrothermal discharge. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.; Lavelle, J. William; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Haymon, Rachel M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, 2031 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Haymon, Rachel M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, 2031 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, BWC A325, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada.
[Tunnicliffe, Verena] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, BWC A325, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada.
[Martinez, Fernando] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 East West Rd,POST 814A, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Ferrini, Vicki] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Geoinformat Ctr 75, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Nakamura, Koichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba Cent 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
RP Baker, ET (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM edward.baker@noaa.gov; joseph.resing@noaa.gov; haymon@geol.ucsb.edu;
verenat@uvic.ca; fernando@hawaii.edu; ferrini@ldeo.columbia.edu;
sharon.l.walker@noaa.gov; koichi.nakamura@aist.go.jp
OI Ferrini, Vicki/0000-0002-6054-5040; Baker, Edward/0000-0002-8794-4180
FU NOAA/PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program; Joint Institute for the
Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOM Cooperative
Agreement [NA100AR4320148]
FX We thank A. Fisher for comments on the manuscript. Three anonymous
reviewers likewise provided valuable improvements. This research was
supported by the NOAA/PMEL Earth-Ocean Interactions Program and the
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOM Cooperative Agreement No. NA100AR4320148. PMEL contribution 4379,
JISAO contribution 2464.
NR 61
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 16
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 449
BP 186
EP 196
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.031
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA DS1XY
UT WOS:000380419700020
ER
PT J
AU Creamean, JM
White, AB
Minnis, P
Palikonda, R
Spangenberg, DA
Prather, KA
AF Creamean, Jessie M.
White, Allen B.
Minnis, Patrick
Palikonda, Rabindra
Spangenberg, Douglas A.
Prather, Kimberly A.
TI The relationships between insoluble precipitation residues, clouds, and
precipitation over California's southern Sierra Nevada during winter
storms
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions; Ice nucleation; Cloud
glaciation; Sierra nevada
ID SEEDER-FEEDER MECHANISM; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS;
ICE-NUCLEATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; OROGRAPHIC
PRECIPITATION; AQUEOUS SAMPLES; ASIAN AEROSOLS; BARRIER JETS
AB Ice formation in orographic mixed -phase clouds can enhance precipitation and depends on the type of aerosols that serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The resulting precipitation from these clouds is a viable source of water, especially for regions such as the California Sierra Nevada. Thus, a better understanding of the sources of INPs that impact orographic clouds is important for assessing water availability in California. This study presents a multi -site, multi -year analysis of single -particle insoluble residues in precipitation samples that likely influenced cloud ice and precipitation formation above Yosemite National Park. Dust and biological particles represented the dominant fraction of the residues (64% on average). Cloud glaciation, determined using satellite observations, not only depended on high cloud tops (>5.9 km) and low temperatures (<-23 degrees C), but also on the presence of what were likely dust and biological INPs. The greatest prevalence of ice -phase clouds occurred in conjunction with biologically -rich residues and mineral dust rich in calcium, followed by iron and aluminosilicates. Dust and biological particles are known to be efficient INPs, thus these residues likely influenced ice formation in clouds above the sites and subsequent precipitation quantities reaching the surface during events with similar meteorology. The goal of this study is to use precipitation chemistry information to gain a better understanding of the potential sources of INPs in the south-central Sierra Nevada, where cloud -aerosol precipitation interactions are poorly understood and where mixed -phase orographic clouds represent a key element in the generation of precipitation and thus the water supply in California. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Creamean, Jessie M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Creamean, Jessie M.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Minnis, Patrick] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Palikonda, Rabindra; Spangenberg, Douglas A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Creamean, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R-PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jessie.creamean@noaa.gov
RI Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008;
OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Creamean,
Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600
FU National Research Council Research Associate Program
[EA133F-10-CN-0187]; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program;
DOE ARM Program
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff at the National Park
Service at Yosemite National Park for sample collection, including Katy
Warner, who organized the collection protocols, Rebecca Rising, and Rob
and Laura Pilewski. Ryan Spackman (NOAH/Science and Technology
Corporation) and Daniel Murphy (NOAH) provided insightful feedback. We
would also like to acknowledge the California Nevada River Forecast
Center (CNRFC) and DWR for providing the HADS data and CASTNET for
providing the meteorological measurements at YOS. The GPS WCR site data
was courtesy of the Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) network operated by
UNAVCO. Thanks to Chris Yost for providing the satellite validation
results. Jessie Creamean was partially supported by the National
Research Council Research Associate Program (contract number
EA133F-10-CN-0187). Patrick Minnis, Rabindra Palikonda, and Doug
Spangenberg were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and
Prediction Program and DOE ARM Program. Data presented in the manuscript
tables and figures are available by email request to the corresponding
author.
NR 91
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U1 14
U2 25
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 140
BP 298
EP 310
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.016
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DR7MG
UT WOS:000380083200026
ER
PT J
AU Battye, WH
Bray, CD
Aneja, VP
Tong, D
Lee, P
Tang, YH
AF Battye, William H.
Bray, Casey D.
Aneja, Viney P.
Tong, Daniel
Lee, Pius
Tang, Youhua
TI Evaluating ammonia (NH3) predictions in the NOAA National Air Quality
Forecast Capability (NAQFC) using in situ aircraft, ground-level, and
satellite measurements from the DISCOVER-AQ Colorado campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE NH3; Ammonia; Model evaluation; CMAQ; Aircraft measurement; Remote
sensing
ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; MODELING SYSTEM; TES AMMONIA; EMISSIONS; SCALE;
VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; PM2.5
AB The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for forecasting elevated levels of air pollution within the National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC). The current research uses measurements gathered in the DISCOVER-AQ Colorado field campaign and the concurrent Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) to test performance of the NAQFC CMAQ modeling framework for predicting NH3. The DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPE field campaigns were carried out in July and August 2014 in Northeast Colorado. Model predictions are compared with measurements of NH3 gas concentrations and the NElt component of fine particulate matter concentrations measured directly by the aircraft in flight. We also compare CMAQ predictions with NH3 measurements from ground-based monitors within the DISCOVER-AQ Colorado geographic domain, and from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the Aura satellite.
In situ aircraft measurements carried out in July and August of 2014 suggest that the NAQFC CMAQ model underestimated the NH3 concentration in Northeastern Colorado by a factor of 2.7 (NMB = 63%). Ground-level monitors also produced a similar result. Average satellite-retrieved NH3 levels also exceeded model predictions by a factor of 1.5-4.2 (NMB =-33 to-76%). The underestimation of NH3 was not accompanied by an underestimation of particulate NHS", which is further controlled by factors including acid availability, removal rate, and gas-particle partition. The average measured concentration of NHt was close to the average predication (NMB = +18%).
Seasonal patterns measured at an AMoN site in the region suggest that the underestimation of NH3 is not due to the seasonal allocation of emissions, but to the overall annual emissions estimate. The underestimation of NH3 varied across the study domain, with the largest differences occurring in a region of intensive agriculture near Greeley, Colorado, and in the vicinity of Denver. The NAQFC modeling framework did not include a recently developed bidirectional flux algorithm for NH3, which has shown to considerably improve NH3 modeling in agricultural regions. The bidirectional flux algorithm, however, is not expected to obtain the magnitude of this increase sufficient to overcome the underestimation of NH3 found in this study. Our results suggest that further improvement of the emission inventories and modeling approaches are required to reduce the bias in NAQFC NH3 modeling predictions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Battye, William H.; Bray, Casey D.; Aneja, Viney P.] North Carolina State Univ, 2800 Faucette Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Tong, Daniel; Lee, Pius; Tang, Youhua] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Tong, Daniel; Tang, Youhua] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Tong, Daniel] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Battye, WH (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM whbattye@ncsu.edu
RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008
OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568
FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) program [NNX15AN15H]
FX Support for this research was provided by the NASA Earth and Space
Science Fellowship (NESSF) program, grant No. NNX15AN15H. We thank Dr.
Katie Benedict, Colorado State University, for providing us with the
passive sampler data. We also acknowledge the NOAA National Air Quality
Forecast Program, the DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPE measurement campaigns, and
the North Carolina State University Air Quality Research Group.
NR 36
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U1 7
U2 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 140
BP 342
EP 351
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.021
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DR7MG
UT WOS:000380083200030
ER
PT J
AU Flowers-Jacobs, NE
Waltman, SB
Fox, AE
Dresselhaus, PD
Benz, SP
AF Flowers-Jacobs, Nathan E.
Waltman, Steven B.
Fox, Anna E.
Dresselhaus, Paul D.
Benz, Samuel P.
TI Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer With Two Layers of Wilkinson
Dividers and an FIR Filter
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Digital-analog conversion; Josephson junction (JJ) arrays; measurement
standards; signal synthesis; superconducting integrated circuits;
voltage measurement
ID VOLTAGE STANDARD; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; CONVERTER
AB The output voltage of Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers (JAWS) is limited by the number of Josephson junctions (JJs) that can be driven by a single pulse-generator channel. Here, we double the number of JJs driven by one generator channel to 51 200 JJs by distributing the pulse bias between four JJ arrays by use of two layers of Wilkinson dividers. We use this single bias to generate a voltage at 1 kHz with an rms magnitude of 1 V. This voltage is quantum-accurate over an operating current range of 1.4 mA. For comparison, the operating current range of a recent design that uses a single layer of Wilkinson dividers is twice as large, but requires two pulse-bias channels to generate 1 V. We also show that we can recover this performance by incorporating in the pulse generator a finite-impulse response (FIR) filter that acts as an equalizer. The FIR filter creates a custom transfer function that compensates for the bandwidth-limited transfer function of the Wilkinson dividers. Optimizing the FIR filter parameters increases the operating current range from 1.4 to 2.7 mA. This ability to drive additional JJ arrays with a single pulse-generator channel will enable future JAWS chips and systems to achieve significantly larger output voltages. This will increase the voltage range for JAWS calibrations of ac thermal converters and improve precision voltage measurements that require quantum-accurate, stable, and distortion-free waveforms with a large signal-to-noise ratio.
C1 [Flowers-Jacobs, Nathan E.; Waltman, Steven B.; Fox, Anna E.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Waltman, Steven B.] High Speed Circuit Consultants, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Flowers-Jacobs, NE (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM nathan.flowers-jacobs@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 6
AR 1400307
DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2582800
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA DS0YE
UT WOS:000380322000001
ER
PT J
AU Stickle, WB
Lindeberg, M
Rice, SD
Munley, K
Reed, V
AF Stickle, William B.
Lindeberg, Mandy
Rice, Stanley D.
Munley, Kathleen
Reed, Victoria
TI Seasonal changes in the thermal regime and gastropod tolerance to
temperature and desiccation stress in the rocky intertidal zone in
Southeast Alaska
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermal regime; Temperature probes; Vertical gastropod zonation;
Desiccation tolerance; Temperature tolerance
ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY; GENUS
PETROLISTHES; VERTICAL ZONATION; PORCELAIN CRABS; LIMITS; ACCLIMATION;
PATTERNS; TEGULA
AB Low tide emersion of intertidal fauna in the inside passage from Puget Sound, WA to Skagway, AK produces more extreme emersion temperatures than on the outer continental coastline because the timing of low tides increases the potential for summer high temperatures and winter low temperatures. This study documents seasonal changes in water/aerial temperatures at different tidal heights in 2007-2008 and the summer of 2015 and reports the high emersion temperature (5 h) and desiccation tolerance of three species of rocky shore gastropods. Vertical transects of probes were deployed at Bridget Cove at +5.0 m (above the tidal range), +3.5, +2.5 m, +1.5 m and 0 m. Two additional probes were partially buried at +1.5 m; burial ameliorated freezing temperatures. Duration of emersion increased with intertidal height and was of longer duration at +3.5 m during Neap tides and at +1.5 and 0 m during Spring tides. Monthly measures of temperature were: average temperature, monthly maximum, average daily monthly maximum, average daily monthly minimum, and monthly minimum. Monthly maximum air temperature increased with tidal height. Winter average daily monthly minimum fell below 0 degrees C at the +3.5, +2.5, and +1.5 m tidal heights for the aerially exposed probes. The number of days when emersion temperature fell below 0 degrees C increased with intertidal height as did the number of hours per day. High temperature emersion tolerance of Nucella lamellosa, Nucella lima and Littorina sitkana varied directly with their intertidal range but their desiccation tolerance did not suggesting that desiccation is not an abiotic stressor in this temperate rain forest intertidal zone. The LT50 temperature (5 h) was considerably above recorded monthly maximum temperatures in the vertical range of N. lamellosa and L. sitkana but the LT50 of N. lima was very near the maximum monthly temperature at +2.5 m. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stickle, William B.; Munley, Kathleen] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Lindeberg, Mandy; Rice, Stanley D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Reed, Victoria] Louisiana State Univ, Div Comp Sci & Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Stickle, WB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM zostic@lsu.edu
NR 39
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Z9 1
U1 30
U2 58
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
EI 1879-1697
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 482
BP 56
EP 63
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.011
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DQ7EW
UT WOS:000379370700006
ER
PT J
AU Constable, AJ
Costa, DP
Schofield, O
Newman, L
Urban, ER
Fulton, EA
Melbourne-Thomas, J
Ballerini, T
Boyd, PW
Brandt, A
de la Mare, WK
Edwards, M
Eleaume, M
Emmerson, L
Fennel, K
Fielding, S
Griffiths, H
Gutt, J
Hindell, MA
Hofmann, EE
Jennings, S
La, HS
McCurdy, A
Mitchell, BG
Moltmann, T
Muelbert, M
Murphy, E
Press, AJ
Raymond, B
Reid, K
Reiss, C
Rice, J
Salter, I
Smith, DC
Song, S
Southwell, C
Swadling, KM
Van de Putte, AV
Zdenka, W
AF Constable, Andrew J.
Costa, Daniel P.
Schofield, Oscar
Newman, Louise
Urban, Edward R., Jr.
Fulton, Elizabeth A.
Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica
Ballerini, Tosca
Boyd, Philip W.
Brandt, Angelika
de la Mare, Willaim K.
Edwards, Martin
Eleaume, Marc
Emmerson, Louise
Fennel, Katja
Fielding, Sophie
Griffiths, Huw
Gutt, Julian
Hindell, Mark A.
Hofmann, Eileen E.
Jennings, Simon
La, Hyoung Sul
McCurdy, Andrea
Mitchell, B. Greg
Moltmann, Tim
Muelbert, Monica
Murphy, Eugene
Press, Anthony J.
Raymond, Ben
Reid, Keith
Reiss, Christian
Rice, Jake
Salter, Ian
Smith, David C.
Song, Sun
Southwell, Colin
Swadling, Kerrie M.
Van de Putte, Anton
Willis, Zdenka
TI Developing priority variables ("ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables" -
eEOVs) for observing dynamics and change in Southern Ocean ecosystems
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ocean observing; Antarctica; Southern Ocean Observing System; Essential
variables; Ecosystem change; Monitoring systems; Ecosystem management;
Indicators
ID WEST ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; MANAGING FISHERIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; MONITORING PROGRAM; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ROSS SEA;
FOOD-WEB; INDICATORS; CCAMLR
AB Reliable statements about variability and change in marine ecosystems and their underlying causes are needed to report on their status and to guide management. Here we use the Framework on Ocean Observing (FOO) to begin developing ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables (eEOVs) for the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS). An eEOV is a defined biological or ecological quantity, which is derived from field observations,, and which contributes significantly to assessments of Southern Ocean ecosystems. Here, assessments are concerned with estimating status and trends in ecosystem properties, attribution of trends to causes, and predicting future trajectories. eEOVs should be feasible to collect at appropriate spatial and temporal scales and are useful to the extent that they contribute to direct estimation of trends and/or attribution, and/or development of ecological (statistical or simulation) models to support assessments. In this paper we outline the rationale, including establishing a set of criteria, for selecting eEOVs for the SOOS and develop a list of candidate eEOVs for further evaluation. Other than habitat variables, nine types of eEOVs for Southern Ocean taxa are identified within three classes: state (magnitude, genetic/species, size spectrum), predator-prey (diet, foraging range), and autecology (phenology, reproductive rate, individual growth rate, detritus). Most candidates for the suite of Southern Ocean taxa relate to state or diet. Candidate autecological eEOVs have not been developed other than for marine mammals and birds. We consider some of the spatial and temporal issues that will influence the adoption and use of eEOVs in an observing system in the Southern Ocean, noting that existing operations and platforms potentially provide coverage of the four main sectors of the region the East and West Pacific, Atlantic and Indian. Lastly, we discuss the importance of simulation modelling in helping with the design of the observing system in the long term. Regional boundary: south of 30 degrees S. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
C1 [Constable, Andrew J.; Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica; de la Mare, Willaim K.; Emmerson, Louise; Raymond, Ben; Southwell, Colin] Australian Antarctic Div, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.
[Constable, Andrew J.; Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica; Boyd, Philip W.; Emmerson, Louise; Hindell, Mark A.; Press, Anthony J.; Raymond, Ben; Southwell, Colin; Swadling, Kerrie M.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Schofield, Oscar] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Sci, Ctr Ocean Observing Leadership, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Newman, Louise] Univ Tasmania, C IMAS, Southern Ocean Observing Syst Int Project Off, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Newman, Louise] Univ Delaware, Sci Comm Ocean Res, Newark, DE USA.
[Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Smith, David C.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Fulton, Elizabeth A.; Smith, David C.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Ballerini, Tosca] Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS INSU, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog,IRD,MIO,UM 110, F-83957 La Garde, France.
[Boyd, Philip W.; Hindell, Mark A.; Raymond, Ben; Swadling, Kerrie M.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Brandt, Angelika] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Nat Hist CeNaK, Zool Museum, Martin Luther King Pl 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Edwards, Martin] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
[Eleaume, Marc] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Milieux & Peuplements Aquat, UMR BOREA MNHN CNRS UPMC IRD 7208, CP26, 57 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris 05, France.
[Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Oxford St 1355, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
[Fielding, Sophie; Griffiths, Huw; Murphy, Eugene] British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Gutt, Julian; Salter, Ian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Alten Hafen 26, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA.
[Jennings, Simon] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England.
[La, Hyoung Sul] Korea Polar Res Inst, 12 Gaetbeol Ro, Inchon 406840, South Korea.
[McCurdy, Andrea] Consortium Ocean Leadership, 1201 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
[Mitchell, B. Greg] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Moltmann, Tim] Univ Tasmania, Integrated Marine Observing Syst, Private Bag 110, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Muelbert, Monica] Univ Fed Rio Grande IO FURG, Inst Oceanog, Av Italia,KM 8,Campus Carreiros, BR-96203270 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
[Reid, Keith] CCAMLR Secretariat, POB 213, North Hobart, Tas 7002, Australia.
[Reiss, Christian] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Rice, Jake] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 200 Kent St, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Song, Sun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, 7 Nanhai Rd, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.
[Van de Putte, Anton] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, BEDIC, OD Nat, Vautierstr 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
[Willis, Zdenka] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, N MB6, SSMC4, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Constable, AJ (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.
EM andrew.constable@aad.gov.au; costa@ucsc.edu; oscar@marine.rutgers.edu;
newman@soos.aq; ed.urban@scor-int.org; beth.fulton@csiro.au;
jess.melbourne-thomas@aad.gov.au; tosca.ballerini@mio.osupyhteas.fr;
philip.boyd@utas.edu.au; abrandt@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de;
bill.delamare@aad.gov.au; maed@sahfos.ac.uk; marc.eleaume@mnhn.fr;
louise.emmerson@aad.gov.au; katja.fennel@dal.ca; sof@bas.ac.uk;
hjg@bas.ac.uk; julian.gutt@awi.de; mark.hindell@utas.edu.au;
hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; simon.jennings@cefas.co.uk; hsla@kopri.re.kr;
amccurdy@oceanleadership.org; gmitchell@ucsd.edu;
tim.moltmann@imos.org.au; monica.muelbert@furg.br; ejmu@bas.ac.uk;
tony.press@acecrc.org.au; ben.raymond@aad.gov.au; keith.reid@ccamlr.org;
christian.reiss@noaa.gov; Jake.Rice@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; lan.Salter@awi.de;
david.c.smith@csiro.au; sunsong@qdio.ac.cn; colin.southwell@aad.gov.au;
kerrie.swadling@utas.edu.au; antonarctica@gmail.com;
zdenkas.willis@noaa.gov
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008;
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; schofield,
oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131; Hindell, Mark/0000-0002-7823-7185; Urban,
Edward/0000-0002-6177-5585; Melbourne-Thomas, Jess/0000-0001-6585-876X;
Newman, Louise/0000-0001-9523-8713
FU ICSU; U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-1546580]; SCAR; SCOR; SOOS
FX This paper arose from a SOOS, SCOR, SCAR, IMBER, and APECS workshop in
March 2014 on identifying ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables (eEOVs)
and enhancing collaboration in ecosystem observing, with an emphasis on
the Southern Ocean. We thank ICSU for providing a grant to hold the
workshop and to Rutgers University for providing the venue and support.
We also thank SOOS, SCOR (U.S. National Science Foundation Grant
OCE-1546580), and SCAR for providing financial support and SCOR for
support for this article to be open access. Lastly, we thank three
anonymous reviewers for their positive and constructive comments on the
manuscript. Fig. 4 was reprinted with kind permission from John Wiley &
Sons Ltd. This paper is a contribution to the SOOS Capability Working
Group on eEOVs.
NR 89
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U1 16
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-7963
EI 1879-1573
J9 J MARINE SYST
JI J. Mar. Syst.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 161
BP 26
EP 41
DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.05.003
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA DQ3JC
UT WOS:000379097600003
ER
PT J
AU Wang, MH
Son, S
AF Wang, Menghua
Son, SeungHyun
TI VIIRS-derived chlorophyll-a using the ocean color index method
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ocean color remote sensing; Chlorophyll-a; Chlorophyll-a algorithm;
VIIRS
ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CORRECTION ALGORITHM;
DATA SET; SEAWIFS; VALIDATION; MODIS; CALIBRATION; PRODUCTS; DIFFUSER
AB An implementation approach using the ocean color index (OCI)-based chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) algorithm for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) has been developed. The OCI Chl-a algorithm for satellite-derived Chl-a data was originally developed by Hu, Lee, and Franz (2012) (J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01011, doi: 01010.01029/02011JC007395) for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). It uses two Chl-a algorithms, i.e., the color index (CO-based (reflectance difference-based) algorithm for oligotrophic waters and the usual ocean chlorophyll-type (OCx)-based (reflectance ratio-based) algorithm (e.g., OO3M for MODIS and OC3V for VIIRS), and merges the two algorithms for different Chl-a range applications (named OCI algorithm). In this study, we use the in situ Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) optics data to demonstrate conclusively that using the OCI-based Chl-a algorithm can significantly improve VIIRS Chl-a data over oligotrophic waters with much reduced data noise from instrument calibration and the imperfect atmospheric correction. Using the VIIRS-measured global Chl-a data derived from the Multi Sensor Level-1 to Level-2 (MSL12) ocean color data processing system, we have developed the Cl-based algorithm specifically for VIIRS, and further improved the two Chl-a algorithms merging method using the blue-green reflectance ratio values. Extensive evaluation results show that the new OCI Chl-a algorithm for VIIRS can produce consistent Chl-a data compared with those from the OC3V algorithm. In particular, the data transition between the CI-based and OC3V-based Chl-a algorithm is quite smooth, and there are no obvious discontinuities in VIIRS-derived Chl-a data. The new OCI-based Chl-a algorithm has been implemented in MSL12 for routine production of VIIRS global Chl-a data. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Wang, Menghua; Son, SeungHyun] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS); NOAA Product Development,
Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program
FX This work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)
funding and NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application
(PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding. We thank the MOBY
team (PI: Ken Voss) for providing the in situ optics data. We thank
three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. The
views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the
authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 182
BP 141
EP 149
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.05.001
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA DQ3HP
UT WOS:000379093700012
ER
PT J
AU Mathew, K
Singh, AK
Gabriel, JJ
Choudhary, K
Sinnott, SB
Davydov, AV
Tavazza, F
Hennig, RG
AF Mathew, Kiran
Singh, Arunima K.
Gabriel, Joshua J.
Choudhary, Kamal
Sinnott, Susan B.
Davydov, Albert V.
Tavazza, Francesca
Hennig, Richard G.
TI MPInterfaces: A Materials Project based Python tool for high-throughput
computational screening of interfacial systems
SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Materials Genome Initiative; 2D materials; Interfaces; Substrates;
Heterostructures; Ligands; Nanocrystals; Wulff construction; Workflows;
Density-functional theory; MPInterfaces
ID SULFIDE NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSITION-METALS; QUANTUM DOTS; REDUCTION;
ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; DISCOVERY; GROWTH; SHAPE
AB A Materials Project based open-source Python tool, MPInterfaces, has been developed to automate the high-throughput computational screening and study of interfacial systems. The framework encompasses creation and manipulation of interface structures for solid/solid hetero-structures, solid/implicit solvents systems, nanoparticle/ligands systems; and the creation of simple system-agnostic workflows for in depth computational analysis using density-functional theory or empirical energy models. The package leverages existing open-source high-throughput tools and extends their capabilities towards the understanding of interfacial systems. We describe the various algorithms and methods implemented in the package. Using several test cases, we demonstrate how the package enables high-throughput computational screening of advanced materials, directly contributing to the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI), which aims to accelerate the discovery, development, and deployment of new materials. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mathew, Kiran] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
[Singh, Arunima K.; Davydov, Albert V.; Tavazza, Francesca] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mathew, Kiran; Gabriel, Joshua J.; Choudhary, Kamal; Hennig, Richard G.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Sinnott, Susan B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA.
RP Mathew, K; Hennig, RG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM km468@cornell.edu; rhennig@ufl.edu
RI Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008
OI Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1056587, ACI-1440547, ACI-1053575];
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [00095176];
Professional Research Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship [70NANB11H012];
Material Genome Initiative funding; Texas Advanced Computing Center
[TG-DMR050028N, TG-DMR140143, TG-DMR150006]
FX K. Mathew and R.G. Hennig are funded by the National Science Foundation
under the CAREER award No. DMR-1056587 and the award No. ACI-1440547,
and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under
award 00095176. A. Singh is funded by the Professional Research
Experience Postdoctoral Fellowship under award No. 70NANB11H012. J.J.
Gabriel, F. Tavazza and A. Davydov are funded by the Material Genome
Initiative funding allocated to NIST. This research used computational
resources provided by the University of Florida Research Computing
(http://researchcomputing.ufl.edu) and the Texas Advanced Computing
Center under Contracts TG-DMR050028N, TG-DMR140143, and TG-DMR150006.
This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment
(XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No.
ACI-1053575.
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0927-0256
EI 1879-0801
J9 COMP MATER SCI
JI Comput. Mater. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 122
BP 183
EP 190
DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.05.020
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA DP5DT
UT WOS:000378516900020
ER
PT J
AU Li, Y
Jiao, Y
Browder, JA
AF Li, Yan
Jiao, Yan
Browder, Joan A.
TI Modeling spatially-varying ecological relationships using geographically
weighted generalized linear model: A simulation study based on longline
seabird bycatch
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Spatially varying relationships; Seabird bycatch; Binomial distribution;
Spatial expansion model; Geographically weighted regression
ID CATCH RATES; MITIGATION MEASURES; EXPANSION METHOD; BY-CATCH;
REGRESSION; FISHERIES; PARAMETERS; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS
AB Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a relatively new technique to explore spatially-varying relationships between biological and environmental processes. It allows parameters to vary over space and assumes data to follow a normal distribution. We extend GWR to a geographically weighted generalized linear model (GW-GLM) by incorporating statistical distributions other than the normal distribution (i.e., the binomial distribution). We demonstrate the application of GW-GLM with an empirical example, U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline seabird bycatch. Due to the high percentage of zero observations in the seabird bycatch data, we analyzed the positive catch rates (number of seabirds caught per 1000 hooks) and the probability of catching a seabird separately. Parameter estimates exhibited considerable spatial variation, especially for target catch rate when analyzing the positive catch data, and for intercept, water depth and water temperature when estimating the probability of catching seabirds. We compared model performance of GW-GLM with a global generalized linear model, a mixed effect model with a random areal effect, and a spatial expansion model that is an early technique to model spatially-varying ecological relationships by modeling each of the parameters as a function of location. The GW-GLM performed best. Simulations with hypothetical datasets having different percentages of zeros showed that, regardless of the zero percentage in the data, GW-GLM performed best on average. Applying a range of bandwidth indicated that the GW-GLM was more robust to an overestimated bandwidth than an underestimated bandwidth. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Yan; Jiao, Yan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Browder, Joan A.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Li, Yan] Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Li, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.; Li, Y (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM yx173@psu.edu; yanli9010@me.com; joan.browder@noaa.gov
FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; Hatch
[0210510]; National Seabird Program of the National Marine Fisheries
Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, through
the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, Florida
FX This research was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research,
Education and Extension Service, Hatch project #0210510 to Dr. Y. Jiao,
and a grant for spatial and temporal analysis and prediction of seabird
bycatch of US Atlantic pelagic longline fleet awarded by the National
Seabird Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, through the Southeast
Fisheries Science Center, Miami, Florida.
NR 35
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U1 8
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 181
BP 14
EP 24
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.03.024
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DP0LS
UT WOS:000378181900002
ER
PT J
AU Campanella, F
Taylor, JC
AF Campanella, Fabio
Taylor, J. Christopher
TI Investigating acoustic diversity of fish aggregations in coral reef
ecosystems from multifrequency fishery sonar surveys
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Fisheries acoustics; Remote classification; Coral reef fishes;
Multifrequency
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; TRIMMING PROCEDURES;
HABITAT COMPLEXITY; SCHOOLS; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; INDICATORS;
MANAGEMENT; PROPOSALS
AB Remote species classification using fisheries acoustic techniques in coral reef ecosystems remains one of the greatest hurdles in developing informative metrics and indicators required for ecosystem management. We reviewed long-term marine ecosystem acoustic surveys that have been carried out in the US Caribbean covering various coral reef habitat types and evaluated metrics that may be helpful in classifying multifrequency acoustic signatures of fish aggregations to taxonomic groups. We found that the energetic properties across frequencies, in particular the mean and the maximum volume backscattering coefficient, provided the majority of the discriminating power in separating schools and aggregations into distinct groups. To a lesser extent, school shape and geometry helped isolate a distinctive group of reef fishes based on shoaling behaviour. Schools and aggregations were clustered into five distinct groups. The use of underwater video surveys from a Remote Operating Vehicle (ROV) conducted in the proximity of the acoustic observations allowed us to associate the clusters with broad categories of species groups such as large predators, including fishery important species to small forage fishes. The remote classification methods described here are an important step toward improving marine ecosystem acoustics for the study and management of coral reef fish communities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Campanella, Fabio; Taylor, J. Christopher] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Campanella, Fabio] CNR, Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
RP Campanella, F (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.; Campanella, F (reprint author), CNR, Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA.
EM fabio.campanella@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
FX This research is part of a long-term habitat mapping and ecosystem
assessment program conducted by NOAA in the US Caribbean. We recognize
T. Battista, Chief Scientist for the yearly research cruises. E. Ebert
provided extensive input and assistance in the processing of the fishery
acoustic data. We appreciated critical reviews and feedback from L.
Kracker, N. Ithbansky, K Purcell and the discussion with many colleagues
during the Symposium On Marine Ecosystem Acoustics in Nantes, France. We
also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that
greatly improved the paper. Support for this research is provided by the
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, the National Centers for Coastal
Ocean Science and a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and
Engineers. This research was performed while FC held a National Research
Council-Research Associateship Award at NCCOS NOS NOAA Beaufort
Laboratory.
NR 50
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U1 23
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 181
BP 63
EP 76
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.03.027
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DP0LS
UT WOS:000378181900006
ER
PT J
AU Langseth, BJ
Schueller, AM
Shertzer, KW
Craig, JK
Smith, JW
AF Langseth, Brian J.
Schueller, Amy M.
Shertzer, Kyle W.
Craig, J. Kevin
Smith, Joseph W.
TI Management implications of temporally and spatially varying catchability
for the Gulf of Mexico menhaden fishery
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Catchability; Hypoxia; Spatio-temporal variation; Stock assessment; Gulf
menhaden
ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; BROWN SHRIMP; HYPOXIA; PERFORMANCE; ABUNDANCE;
YIELD; AREA
AB Catchability relates fishing effort to fishing mortality, and is an important component in fishery stock assessment models. Mis-specifying catchability can lead to inaccurate estimation of model parameters and bias in the determination of stock status. The Gulf of Mexico has one of the largest seasonal occurrences of hypoxia in the world and it overlaps in time and space with the Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus fishery, potentially leading to temporal and spatial patterns in stock distribution and thus catchability. These patterns are not currently modeled in the Gulf menhaden stock assessment. To better understand the implications of spatial and temporal patterns in catchability due to hypoxia, we constructed an operating model of Gulf menhaden fishery dynamics under various assumptions of spatial coverages and temporal patterns, and used the output from the operating model as input into estimation models with alternative approaches on modeling catchability. Under the most extreme assumptions about the spatial coverage and magnitude of variation in catchability, median absolute error in estimates of fishing mortality and spawning stock reference points (F-30% and S-30%) was 73% and 29%, respectively, and median absolute error in estimates of fishing mortality and spawning stock based stock status was 23% and 79%, supporting the notion that errors in catchability are important. Under more reasonable assumptions, median absolute error declined to 20% and 2.9% for F-30% and S-30%, respectively, and to 3.8% and 2.4% for fishing mortality and spawning stock-based stock status, respectively. Modeling catchability as a random walk further reduced median absolute error to 5.0% for F-30% and 1.4% for S-30%, but slightly increased median absolute error for stock status indicators to 4.0% and 3.3%. Our results show generally that the spatial coverage, temporal pattern, and estimation approach of catchability affects the influence of mis-specifying catchability; and show specifically that the Gulf menhaden stock assessment is robust to the effects of hypoxia on catchability if assuming random-walk catchability. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Langseth, Brian J.; Schueller, Amy M.; Shertzer, Kyle W.; Craig, J. Kevin; Smith, Joseph W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Langseth, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
RP Langseth, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
EM brian.langseth@noaa.gov
FU Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
FX We thank A. Yau and K. Siegfried, J. Thorson, and an anonymous reviewer
for contributions to previous drafts of the manuscript. This research
was supported by a grant from the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE)
Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies.
NR 42
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 181
BP 186
EP 197
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.04.013
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA DP0LS
UT WOS:000378181900019
ER
PT J
AU Wallmo, K
Lew, DK
AF Wallmo, Kristy
Lew, Daniel K.
TI A comparison of regional and national values for recovering threatened
and endangered marine species in the United States
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Endangered species; Economic values; Willingness to pay; Non-market
valuation; United States; Regional values
ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; CONSERVATION; METAANALYSIS;
BENEFITS; RARE
AB It is generally acknowledged that willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates for environmental goods exhibit some degree of spatial variation. In a policy context, spatial variation in threatened and endangered species values is important to understand, as the benefit stream from policies affecting threatened and endangered species may vary locally, regionally, or among certain population segments. In this paper we present WTP estimates for eight different threatened and endangered marine species estimated from a stated preference choice experiment. WTP is estimated at two different spatial scales: (a) a random sample of over 5000 U.S. households and (b) geographically embedded samples (relative to the U.S. household sample) of nine U.S. Census regions. We conduct region-to-region and region-to-nation statistical comparisons to determine whether species values differ among regions and between each region and the entire U.S. Our results show limited spatial variation between national values and values estimated from regionally embedded samples, and differences are only found for three of the eight species. More variation exists between regions, and for all species there is a significant difference in at least one region-to-region comparison. Given that policy analyses involving threatened and endangered marine species can often be regional in scope (e.g., ecosystem management) or may disparately affect different regions, our results should be of high interest to the marine management community. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Wallmo, Kristy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Lew, Daniel K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Wallmo, K (reprint author), Econ & Social Anal Div, SSMC 3,F-ST5,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Kristy.Wallmo@noaa.gov
OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X
FU [NA10NMF4340183]
FX We would like to acknowledge R. Felthoven, R. Curtis, and several
anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the manuscript. We
also acknowledge D. Colpo for his invaluable assistance with the grant
under which this work was conducted, NA10NMF4340183, awarded to the
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission. The views and opinions
expressed in this article are our own and do not necessarily represent
the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 38
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 179
BP 38
EP 46
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.053
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DP0PV
UT WOS:000378192600004
PM 27160027
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, KL
Johnson, WL
Kim, SA
Heyliger, PR
AF Peterson, Kirsten L.
Johnson, Ward L.
Kim, Sudook A.
Heyliger, Paul R.
TI Vibrational modes of multilayered ceramic capacitors
SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
DE Multilayer ceramic capacitors; Finite element modeling; Vibrational
modes; Resonant acoustics
ID QUALITY INSPECTION TOOL; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; CRYSTALS
AB Micron-scale spacing of interleaved electrodes and high-dielectric ceramics in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) provide exceptionally high capacitances in small volumes. This has led to MLCCs being the preferred type of capacitor in a wide range of applications where size and weight are critical factors. However, crack-related failures of MLCCs remain a significant issue. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) and resonant nonlinear ultrasonics are being pursued as nondestructive techniques for detecting subsurface cracks that can evolve into performance-degrading electrical pathways during service. This paper presents finite-element calculations of the vibrational modes of MLCCs. The geometric symmetry in the finite-element model was orthorhombic, with three orthogonal mirror planes, and the detailed internal structure of interleaved metallic and ceramic materials was included in the model. The assumption of three mirror planes enabled an analysis of the normal modes of the full model through calculations on a mesh spanning just one eighth of the full volume. The computational load was further reduced by separating the problem into eight modal-symmetry sets with different boundary conditions for each set. The first three non-zero frequencies are presented for each modal symmetry set. In addition, displacement plots are presented for the two or three lowest-frequency modes of each symmetry set. These results provide information on the frequency ordering and symmetries of vibrational modes that can be used in the analysis of ultrasonic resonance measurements of MLCCs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Peterson, Kirsten L.; Heyliger, Paul R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Johnson, Ward L.; Kim, Sudook A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Peterson, KL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM kirstenpeterson999@gmail.com
OI Peterson, Kirsten/0000-0001-9367-6867
FU Mountain Plains Consortium
FX We are grateful to Grady White for helpful discussions of this work and
its relationship to industrial needs for detecting flaws in MLCCs. The
research completed by KP and PH is sponsored by the Mountain Plains
Consortium, and this support is greatly appreciated by the authors.
NR 33
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-874X
EI 1872-6925
J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES
JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des.
PD SEP 1
PY 2016
VL 116
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1016/j.finel.2016.03.002
PG 11
WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics
SC Mathematics; Mechanics
GA DL9AK
UT WOS:000375933400001
ER
PT J
AU Katta, N
Meier, DC
Benkstein, KD
Semancik, S
Raman, B
AF Katta, Nalin
Meier, Douglas C.
Benkstein, Kurt D.
Semancik, Steve
Raman, Baranidharan
TI The I/O transform of a chemical sensor
SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Chemical sensors; Sensor arrays; Signal processing; Impulse response;
Sensor drift; Array replacement
ID OXIDE GAS SENSORS; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURON; ELECTRONIC NOSE; DRIFT
COUNTERACTION; MICROHOTPLATE PLATFORMS; ODOR RECOGNITION; TRANSIENT;
DYNAMICS; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION
AB A number of sensing technologies, using a variety of transduction principles, have been proposed for non-invasive chemical sensing. A fundamental problem common to all these sensing technologies is determining what features of the transducer's signal constitute a chemical fingerprint that allows for precise analyte recognition. Of particular importance is the need to extract features that are robust with respect to the sensor's age or stimulus intensity. Here, using pulsed stimulus delivery, we show that a sensor's operation can be modeled as a linear input-output (I/O) transform. The I/O transform is unique for each analyte and can be used to precisely predict a temperature-programmed chemiresistor's response to the analyte given the recent stimulus history (i.e. state of an analyte delivery valve being open or closed). We show that the analyte specific I/O transforms are to a certain degree stimulus intensity invariant and can remain consistent even when the sensor has undergone considerable aging. Significantly, the I/O transforms for a given analyte are highly conserved across sensors of equal manufacture, thereby allowing training data obtained from one sensor to be used for recognition of the same set of chemical species with another sensor. Hence, this proposed approach facilitates decoupling of the signal processing algorithms from the chemical transducer, a key advance necessary for achieving long-term, non-invasive chemical sensing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Katta, Nalin; Raman, Baranidharan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Syst Neurosci & Neuromorph Engn Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Meier, Douglas C.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Raman, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Syst Neurosci & Neuromorph Engn Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
EM barani@wustl.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0089]; NSF [1453022]; Children
Discovery Institute's Interdisciplinary Research Initiative
FX We would like to thank members of the Raman Lab for comments on previous
versions of the manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. Chunguang
Jin for his help in designing and implementing our analyte delivery
system. This work was funded by an Office of Naval Research grant
(N00014-12-1-0089), NSF CAREER grant (1453022) and Children Discovery
Institute's Interdisciplinary Research Initiative grants to B.R.
NR 70
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 13
U2 29
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-4005
J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM
JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 232
BP 357
EP 368
DI 10.1016/j.snb.2016.03.019
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA DL2RO
UT WOS:000375483000045
PM 27932855
ER
PT J
AU Flowers-Jacobs, NE
Fox, AE
Dresselhaus, PD
Schwall, RE
Benz, SP
AF Flowers-Jacobs, Nathan E.
Fox, Anna E.
Dresselhaus, Paul D.
Schwall, Robert E.
Benz, Samuel P.
TI Two-Volt Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer Using Wilkinson
Dividers
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Digital-to-analog conversion; Josephson junction arrays; measurement
standards; signal synthesis; superconducting integrated circuits;
voltage measurement
ID VOLTAGE STANDARD; ERROR
AB The root-mean-square (rms) output voltage of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) has been doubled from 1 V to a record 2 V by combining two new 1 V chips on a cryocooler. This higher voltage will improve calibrations of ac thermal voltage converters and precision voltage measurements that require state-of-the-art quantum accuracy, stability, and signal-to-noise ratio. We achieved this increase in output voltage by using four on-chipWilkinson dividers and eight inner/outer dc blocks, which enable biasing of eight Josephson junction (JJ) arrays with highspeed inputs from only four high-speed pulse generator channels. This approach halves the number of pulse generator channels required in future JAWS systems. We also implemented on-chip superconducting interconnects between JJ arrays, which reduces systematic errors and enables a new modular chip package. Finally, we demonstrate a new technique for measuring and visualizing the operating current range that reduces the measurement time by almost two orders of magnitude and reveals the relationship between distortion in the output spectrum and output pulse sequence errors.
C1 [Flowers-Jacobs, Nathan E.; Fox, Anna E.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Schwall, Robert E.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Flowers-Jacobs, NE (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM nathan.flowers-jacobs@nist.gov
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 6
AR 1400207
DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2532798
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA DK4KM
UT WOS:000374886900001
ER
PT J
AU McNeill, JB
Avens, L
Hall, AG
Goshe, LR
Harms, CA
Owens, DW
AF McNeill, Joanne Braun
Avens, Larisa
Hall, April Goodman
Goshe, Lisa R.
Harms, Craig A.
Owens, David W.
TI Female-Bias in a Long-Term Study of a Species with Temperature-Dependent
Sex Determination: Monitoring Sex Ratios for Climate Change Research
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID LOGGERHEAD TURTLE; IMPACTS; REPTILES; POPULATION; ATLANTIC
AB Alterations have occurred and continue to manifest in the Earth's biota as a result of climate change. Animals exhibiting temperature dependent sex determination (TSD), including sea turtles, are perhaps most vulnerable to a warming of the Earth as highly skewed sex ratios can result, potentially leading to population extinction resulting from decreased male recruitment. Recent studies have begun to quantify climate change impacts to sea turtle populations, especially in terms of predicting effects on hatchling sex ratios. However, given the inherent difficulty in studying sex ratios at this life stage, a more accurate assessment of changes in population sex ratios might be derived by evaluating the juvenile portion of foraging aggregations. We investigated the long-term trend in sex ratio of a juvenile logger-head (Caretta caretta) sea turtle population inhabiting Pamlico and Core Sounds, North Carolina, USA. We used plasma testosterone reference ranges measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) to assign sex for 959 turtles and confirmed sex assignment of a subset (N = 58) of the sampled turtles through laparoscopic examination of their gonads. Our results demonstrate that for this particular population of loggerheads, sex ratios (3Females: 1Male) had not significantly changed over a 10 year period (1998-2007), nor showed any significant difference among 5-cm straight carapace length (SCL) size classes. Ultimately, these findings provide a basis for comparison with future sex ratios, and highlight the importance of establishing similar long-term studies monitoring secondary, rather than primary, sex ratios, so that needed mitigation measures to climate change impacts can be implemented.
C1 [McNeill, Joanne Braun; Avens, Larisa; Hall, April Goodman; Goshe, Lisa R.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Harms, Craig A.] North Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Morehead City, NC USA.
[Owens, David W.] Univ Charleston South Carolina, Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC USA.
RP McNeill, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM joanne.b.mcneill@noaa.gov
NR 58
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 49
U2 53
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD AUG 31
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 8
AR e0160911
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160911
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DV4EG
UT WOS:000382877400011
ER
PT J
AU Bieber, FR
Buckleton, JS
Budowle, B
Butler, JM
Coble, MD
AF Bieber, Frederick R.
Buckleton, John S.
Budowle, Bruce
Butler, John M.
Coble, Michael D.
TI Evaluation of forensic DNA mixture evidence: protocol for evaluation,
interpretation, and statistical calculations using the combined
probability of inclusion
SO BMC GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Forensic DNA mixtures; Combined probability of inclusion; CPI; Allele
drop-out; Stochastic threshold
ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; TWGDAM VALIDATION; LOW-TEMPLATE;
CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; STR MIXTURES; CASEWORK; PROFILES; SAMPLES;
PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS
AB Background: The evaluation and interpretation of forensic DNA mixture evidence faces greater interpretational challenges due to increasingly complex mixture evidence. Such challenges include: casework involving low quantity or degraded evidence leading to allele and locus dropout; allele sharing of contributors leading to allele stacking; and differentiation of PCR stutter artifacts from true alleles. There is variation in statistical approaches used to evaluate the strength of the evidence when inclusion of a specific known individual(s) is determined, and the approaches used must be supportable. There are concerns that methods utilized for interpretation of complex forensic DNA mixtures may not be implemented properly in some casework. Similar questions are being raised in a number of U.S. jurisdictions, leading to some confusion about mixture interpretation for current and previous casework.
Results: Key elements necessary for the interpretation and statistical evaluation of forensic DNA mixtures are described. Given the most common method for statistical evaluation of DNA mixtures in many parts of the world, including the USA, is the Combined Probability of Inclusion/Exclusion (CPI/CPE). Exposition and elucidation of this method and a protocol for use is the focus of this article. Formulae and other supporting materials are provided.
Conclusions: Guidance and details of a DNA mixture interpretation protocol is provided for application of the CPI/CPE method in the analysis of more complex forensic DNA mixtures. This description, in turn, should help reduce the variability of interpretation with application of this methodology and thereby improve the quality of DNA mixture interpretation throughout the forensic community.
C1 [Bieber, Frederick R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Ctr Adv Mol Diagnost, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Bieber, Frederick R.] Harvard Med Sch, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Buckleton, John S.] ESR, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
[Buckleton, John S.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Budowle, Bruce] Univ North Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Inst Appl Genet, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA.
[Butler, John M.] NIST, Special Programs Off, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 4701, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Coble, Michael D.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bieber, FR (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Ctr Adv Mol Diagnost, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.; Bieber, FR (reprint author), Harvard Med Sch, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM frbieber@bics.bwh.harvard.edu
FU US National Institute of Justice [2014-DN-BX-K028]
FX Supported, in part, by grant 2014-DN-BX-K028 from the US National
Institute of Justice.
NR 50
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 12
U2 12
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2156
J9 BMC GENET
JI BMC Genet.
PD AUG 31
PY 2016
VL 17
AR 125
DI 10.1186/s12863-016-0429-7
PG 15
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA DU4WK
UT WOS:000382213200001
PM 27580588
ER
PT J
AU Ballew, NG
Bacheler, NM
Kellison, GT
Schueller, AM
AF Ballew, Nicholas G.
Bacheler, Nathan M.
Kellison, G. Todd
Schueller, Amy M.
TI Invasive lionfish reduce native fish abundance on a regional scale
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; POPULATIONS; DESIGNS; COAST;
FOOD; BACI
AB Invasive lionfish pose an unprecedented threat to biodiversity and fisheries throughout Atlantic waters off of the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we employ a spatially replicated Before-After-Control-Impact analysis with temporal pairing to quantify for the first time the impact of the lionfish invasion on native fish abundance across a broad regional scale and over the entire duration of the lionfish invasion (1990-2014). Our results suggest that 1) lionfish-impacted areas off of the southeastern United States are most prevalent off-shore near the continental shelf-break but are also common near-shore and 2) in impacted areas, lionfish have reduced tomtate (a native forage fish) abundance by 45% since the invasion began. Tomtate served as a model native fish species in our analysis, and as such, it is likely that the lionfish invasion has had similar impacts on other species, some of which may be of economic importance. Barring the development of a control strategy that reverses the lionfish invasion, the abundance of lionfish in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico will likely remain at or above current levels. Consequently, the effect of lionfish on native fish abundance will likely continue for the foreseeable future.
C1 [Ballew, Nicholas G.; Bacheler, Nathan M.; Kellison, G. Todd; Schueller, Amy M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Ballew, NG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM nicholas.ballew@noaa.gov
NR 36
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 90
U2 116
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD AUG 31
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 32169
DI 10.1038/srep32169
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DU5EY
UT WOS:000382236200002
PM 27578096
ER
PT J
AU Frankenberg, C
Thorpe, AK
Thompson, DR
Hulley, G
Kort, EA
Vance, N
Borchardt, J
Krings, T
Gerilowski, K
Sweeney, C
Conley, S
Bue, BD
Aubrey, AD
Hook, S
Green, RO
AF Frankenberg, Christian
Thorpe, Andrew K.
Thompson, David R.
Hulley, Glynn
Kort, Eric Adam
Vance, Nick
Borchardt, Jakob
Krings, Thomas
Gerilowski, Konstantin
Sweeney, Colm
Conley, Stephen
Bue, Brian D.
Aubrey, Andrew D.
Hook, Simon
Green, Robert O.
TI Airborne methane remote measurements reveal heavy-tail flux distribution
in Four Corners region
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE methane; Four Corners; remote sensing; heavy-tail
ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; GAS PRODUCTION
SITES; EMISSION RATES; UNITED-STATES; TRACE GASES; RETRIEVAL;
QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CO2
AB Methane (CH4) impacts climate as the second strongest anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air quality by influencing tropospheric ozone levels. Space-based observations have identified the Four Corners region in the Southwest United States as an area of large CH4 enhancements. We conducted an airborne campaign in Four Corners during April 2015 with the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (near-infrared) and Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (thermal infrared) imaging spectrometers to better understand the source of methane by measuring methane plumes at 1-to 3-m spatial resolution. Our analysis detected more than 250 individual methane plumes from fossil fuel harvesting, processing, and distributing infrastructures, spanning an emission range from the detection limit similar to 2 kg/h to 5 kg/h through similar to 5,000 kg/h. Observed sources include gas processing facilities, storage tanks, pipeline leaks, and well pads, as well as a coal mine venting shaft. Overall, plume enhancements and inferred fluxes follow a lognormal distribution, with the top 10% emitters contributing 49 to 66% to the inferred total point source flux of 0.23 Tg/y to 0.39 Tg/y. With the observed confirmation of a lognormal emission distribution, this airborne observing strategy and its ability to locate previously unknown point sources in real time provides an efficient and effective method to identify and mitigate major emissions contributors over a wide geographic area. With improved instrumentation, this capability scales to spaceborne applications [Thompson DR, et al. (2016) Geophys Res Lett 43(12): 6571-6578]. Further illustration of this potential is demonstrated with two detected, confirmed, and repaired pipeline leaks during the campaign.
C1 [Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Frankenberg, Christian; Thorpe, Andrew K.; Thompson, David R.; Hulley, Glynn; Vance, Nick; Bue, Brian D.; Aubrey, Andrew D.; Hook, Simon; Green, Robert O.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Kort, Eric Adam] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Borchardt, Jakob; Krings, Thomas; Gerilowski, Konstantin] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
[Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Conley, Stephen] Sci Aviat, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Conley, Stephen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM cfranken@caltech.edu
RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Frankenberg,
Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
FU NASA Headquarters; state of Bremen; University of Bremen; National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AC4 program [NA14OAR0110139]
FX We thank the AVIRIS-NG flight and instrument teams, including Michael
Eastwood, Sarah Lundeen, Scott Nolte, Mark Helmlinger, and Betina Pavri.
Didier Keymeulen and Joseph Boardman assisted with the real-time system.
We also thank the HyTES flight and instrument teams, including Bjorn
Eng, Jonathan Mihaly, Seth Chazanoff, and Bill Johnson. We thank the
organizers and all the participants in the TOPDOWN campaign for the
fruitful collaboration. We thank NASA Headquarters, in particular Jack
Kaye, for funding this flight campaign, which augmented the overall Twin
Otter Projects Defining Oil/Gas Well Emissions (TOPDOWN) campaign. J.B.,
T.K., and K.G. were funded by the state of Bremen and University of
Bremen. E.A.K. and C.S. were supported, in part, by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration AC4 program under Grant NA14OAR0110139.
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 9
U2 9
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD AUG 30
PY 2016
VL 113
IS 35
BP 9734
EP 9739
DI 10.1073/pnas.1605617113
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DV7BL
UT WOS:000383090700039
PM 27528660
ER
PT J
AU Salipante, PF
Hudson, SD
AF Salipante, Paul F.
Hudson, Steven D.
TI Reversible Adsorption Kinetics of Near Surface Dimer Colloids
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; INTERFACIAL
DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SOLID-SURFACES; PARTICLES; SINGLE;
DIFFUSION; DEPLETION; TRACKING
AB We investigate the effect of shape on reversible adsorption kinetics using colloidal polystyrene dimers near a solid glass surface as a model system. The interaction between colloid and wall' is tuned using electrostatic, depletion, and gravity forces to produce a double-well potential. The dwell time in each of the potential wells is measured from long duration particle trajectories. The height of each monomer relative to the glass surface is measured to a resolution of <20 nm by inline holographic microscopy. The measured transition probability distributions are used in kinetic equations to describe the flux of particles to and from the surface. The dimers are compared to independent isolated monomers to determine the effects of shape on adsorption equilibria and kinetics. To elucidate these differences, we consider both mass and surface coverage and two definitions of surface coverage. The results show that dimers with single coverage produce slower adsorption, lower surface coverage, and higher mass coverage in comparison to those of monomers, while dimers with double coverage adsorb faster and result in higher surface coverage.
C1 [Salipante, Paul F.; Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Salipante, PF (reprint author), NIST, Polymers & Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM paul.salipante@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology on a Chip
FX The National Institute of Standards and Technology on a Chip initiative
funding and a NIST-NRC Research Fellowship for P.S. are gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD AUG 30
PY 2016
VL 32
IS 34
BP 8565
EP 8573
DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02019
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA DU9CN
UT WOS:000382513900002
PM 27483023
ER
PT J
AU Gao, TR
Fang, L
Fackler, S
Maruyama, S
Zhang, XH
Wang, LL
Rana, T
Manchanda, P
Kashyap, A
Janicka, K
Wysocki, AL
N'Diaye, AT
Arenholz, E
Borchers, JA
Kirby, BJ
Maranville, BB
Sun, KW
Kramer, MJ
Antropov, VP
Johnson, DD
Skomski, R
Cui, J
Takeuchi, I
AF Gao, T. R.
Fang, L.
Fackler, S.
Maruyama, S.
Zhang, X. H.
Wang, L. L.
Rana, T.
Manchanda, P.
Kashyap, A.
Janicka, K.
Wysocki, A. L.
N'Diaye, A. T.
Arenholz, E.
Borchers, J. A.
Kirby, B. J.
Maranville, B. B.
Sun, K. W.
Kramer, M. J.
Antropov, V. P.
Johnson, D. D.
Skomski, R.
Cui, J.
Takeuchi, I.
TI Large energy product enhancement in perpendicularly coupled MnBi/CoFe
magnetic bilayers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOCOMPOSITE PERMANENT-MAGNETS; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE;
SIMULATION; MEDIA
AB We demonstrate substantial enhancement in the energy product of MnBi-based magnets by forming robust ferromagnetic exchange coupling between a MnBi layer and a thin CoFe layer in a unique perpendicular coupling configuration, which provides increased resistance to magnetization reversal. The measured nominal energy product of 172 kJ/m(3) at room temperature is the largest value experimentally attained for permanent magnets free of expensive raw materials. Our finding shows that exchange-coupled MnBi/CoFe magnets are a viable option for pursuing rare-earth-free magnets with energy products approaching those containing rare-earth elements.
C1 [Gao, T. R.; Fang, L.; Fackler, S.; Maruyama, S.; Zhang, X. H.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wang, L. L.; Janicka, K.; Wysocki, A. L.; Sun, K. W.; Kramer, M. J.; Antropov, V. P.; Johnson, D. D.] US DOE, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Rana, T.; Manchanda, P.; Skomski, R.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Rana, T.; Manchanda, P.; Skomski, R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Rana, T.; Kashyap, A.] LNM Inst Informat Technol, Dept Phys, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
[Kashyap, A.] Indian Inst Technol, Sch Basic Sci, Mandi, Himachal Prades, India.
[N'Diaye, A. T.; Arenholz, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Borchers, J. A.; Kirby, B. J.; Maranville, B. B.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Johnson, D. D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Cui, J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Takeuchi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM takeuchi@umd.edu
FU Department of Energy ARPA-E REACT [0472-1549]; U.S. DOE
[DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with P. Fischer, J. C. Zhao, D.
Arnold, and S. Lofland. Funding for this project was from the Department
of Energy ARPA-E REACT (Grant No. 0472-1549). Additional support
(computational methods development) at Ames Laboratory was from the
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of
Materials Science and Engineering. Ames Laboratory is operated for the
U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 26
U2 32
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 29
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 6
AR 060411
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.060411
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DU2FX
UT WOS:000382027700001
ER
PT J
AU Kofu, M
Hashimoto, N
Akiba, H
Kobayashi, H
Kitagawa, H
Tyagi, M
Faraone, A
Copley, JRD
Lohstroh, W
Yamamuro, O
AF Kofu, Maiko
Hashimoto, Naoki
Akiba, Hiroshi
Kobayashi, Hirokazu
Kitagawa, Hiroshi
Tyagi, Madhusudan
Faraone, Antonio
Copley, John R. D.
Lohstroh, Wiebke
Yamamuro, Osamu
TI Hydrogen diffusion in bulk and nanocrystalline palladium: A quasielastic
neutron scattering study
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; BETA-PHASE;
PD-H; POWDER DIFFRACTION; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-PHASE; NIST CENTER;
SPECTROMETER
AB The diffusion dynamics of hydrogen in bulk and nanocrystalline palladium has been examined using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). With respect to bulk PdH0.73, two relaxation processes were found. For both processes, the variation of the relaxation times with momentum transfer was well reproduced by a model of jump diffusion between adjacent octahedral sites. Upon cooling the fast relaxation fraction decreases. The result suggests that the slow relaxation corresponds to jumps between the ground states and the fast one between excited states. In nanocrystalline PdH0.47 with a size of 8 nm, we found a fast diffusion process with a smaller activation energy in addition to the one observed in the bulk sample. This process could be due to the motion of hydrogen atoms in the subsurface region where the potential energy surface is substantially modified by surface strain/distortion effects.
C1 [Kofu, Maiko; Hashimoto, Naoki; Akiba, Hiroshi; Yamamuro, Osamu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
[Kobayashi, Hirokazu; Kitagawa, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Tyagi, Madhusudan; Faraone, Antonio; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tyagi, Madhusudan; Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lohstroh, Wiebke] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
RP Yamamuro, O (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
EM yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp
FU Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST); General User Program for Neutron
Scattering Experiments, Institute for Solid State Physics, The
University of Tokyo; National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]
FX We are grateful to M. Nagao for technical support during the experiments
on NSE at the NCNR. This work was supported by Core Research for
Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from Japan Science and
Technology Agency (JST). The experiments at NCNR were financially
supported by General User Program for Neutron Scattering Experiments,
Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo. This work
utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation
under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster
understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor
does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily
the best available for the purpose.
NR 84
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 29
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 6
AR 064303
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.064303
PG 11
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DU2FX
UT WOS:000382027700003
ER
PT J
AU Singh, R
Suzuki, T
Autry, TM
Moody, G
Siemens, ME
Cundiff, ST
AF Singh, Rohan
Suzuki, Takeshi
Autry, Travis M.
Moody, Galan
Siemens, Mark E.
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Polarization-dependent exciton linewidth in semiconductor quantum wells:
A consequence of bosonic nature of excitons
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; BLOCH EQUATIONS; RESONANCE; DISORDER;
SYSTEM; BEATS
AB The exciton coherent signal decay rate in GaAs quantum wells, as measured in four-wave mixing experiments, depends on the polarization of the excitation pulses. Using polarization-dependent two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy, we show that this behavior is due to the bosonic character of excitons. Interference between two different quantum mechanical pathways results in a smaller decay rate for cocircular and colinear polarization of the optical excitation pulses. This interference does not exist for cross-linearly polarized excitation pulses resulting in a larger decay rate. Our result shows that the bosonic nature of excitons must be considered when interpreting ultrafast spectroscopic studies of exciton dephasing in semiconductors. This behavior should be considered while interpreting results of ultrafast spectroscopy experiments involving bosonlike excitations.
C1 [Singh, Rohan; Suzuki, Takeshi; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Singh, Rohan; Suzuki, Takeshi; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Singh, Rohan; Suzuki, Takeshi; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Siemens, Mark E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Singh, Rohan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Moody, Galan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cundiff@umich.edu
FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office
of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE5
FG02-02ER15346]; NSF [1125844]; Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science (JSPS)
FX The authors thank Gael Nardin and Hebin Li for fruitful discussions.
This work was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences,
and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office
of Science, US Department of Energy under Award No. DE5 FG02-02ER15346
and by the NSF under Grant No. 1125844. T.S. acknowledges support by
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
NR 36
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U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 29
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 8
AR 081304
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.081304
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DU2HU
UT WOS:000382032700002
ER
PT J
AU Wang, JKK
Wu, S
Qiu, YM
Rodriguez-Rivera, JA
Huang, QZ
Broholm, C
Morosan, E
AF Wang, Jiakui K.
Wu, Shan
Qiu, Yiming
Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.
Huang, Qingzhen
Broholm, C.
Morosan, E.
TI Modulated magnetism and anomalous electronic transport in Ce3Cu4As4O2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID KONDO-LATTICE; HEAVY; DIFFRACTION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EXCITATIONS;
TRANSITION; SYSTEMS
AB The complex magnetism and transport properties of tetragonal Ce3Cu4As4O2 were examined through neutron scattering and physical property measurements on polycrystalline samples. The lamellar structure consists of alternating layers of CeCu4As4 with a single square Ce lattice and Ce2O2 bilayers. Peaks in the specific heat at the Neel temperature T-N = 24 K, T-2 = 16 K, and T-3 = 1.9 K indicate three magnetic phase transitions or distinct crossover phenomena. For T < T-N neutron diffraction indicates the development of ferromagnetic ab sheets for both Ce sites, with alternating polarization along c, and a wave vector k(1) = c*. For T < T-2, quasi-two-dimensional low-energy spin fluctuations with k(2) = 1/2 a* and polarized perpendicular to k(2) are suppressed. The data are consistent with quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic order in the CeCu4As4 planes polarized along the k(2) wave vector. T-3 marks a spin-flop transition where the k(1) staggered magnetization switches to in-plane polarization. There are significant transport anomalies associated with the transitions, in particular a substantial reduction in resistivity for T < T-N. At T = 100 mK the magnetic correlation length exceeds 75 angstrom and the k(1) modulated staggered moment is 0.85 mu(B), which matches the 0.8 mu(B) saturation magnetization achieved for mu H-0 = 7 T at T = 2 K. We trace the unusual sequence of magnetic transitions to competing interactions and anisotropies in the alternating quasi-two-dimensional magnetic layers.
C1 [Wang, Jiakui K.; Morosan, E.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Wu, Shan; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Wu, Shan; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Qiu, Yiming; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Yiming; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Morosan, E (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.; Wu, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.; Wu, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM swu32@jhu.edu; emorosan@rice.edu
RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013
OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314
FU DOD PECASE; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544];
National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]
FX Work at Rice University was supported by DOD PECASE. Work at IQM was
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, under Grant No.
DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249. The
authors thank Andriy Nevidomskyy, Meigan Aronson, and Liang Zhao for
useful discussions.
NR 43
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U1 12
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 29
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 6
AR 064430
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.064430
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA DU2FX
UT WOS:000382027700004
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, S
Kinter, JL
Pan, ZT
Sheffield, J
AF Kumar, Sanjiv
Kinter, James L., III
Pan, Zaitao
Sheffield, Justin
TI Twentieth century temperature trends in CMIP3, CMIP5, and CESM-LE
climate simulations: Spatial-temporal uncertainties, differences, and
their potential sources
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE;
GREENHOUSE-GAS; WARMING HIATUS; VARIABILITY; MODEL; PRECIPITATION;
ATTRIBUTION; GENERATION
AB The twentieth century climate simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) are compared to assess the models' ability to capture observed near-surface air temperature trends at global, continental, and regional scales. We computed trends by using a nonparametric method and considering long-term persistence in the time series. The role of internal variability is examined by using large ensemble climate simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research model Community Earth System Model (CESM). We computed temperature trends for three periods: (1) the twentieth century, (2) the second half of the twentieth century, and (3) the recent hiatus period to contrast the roles of external forcing and internal variability at various spatial and temporal scales. Both CMIP ensembles show statistically significant warming at global and continental scales during the twentieth century. We found a small but statistically significant difference between CMIP3 (0.57 +/- 0.07 degrees C/century) and CMIP5 (0.47 +/- 0.06 degrees C/century) twentieth century temperature trends, with the CMIP3 estimate being closer to the observations. The spatial structure of long-term temperature trends, and top-of-the atmosphere net radiation trends, suggests that differences in model parameterizations and feedback processes that lead to a smaller net radiative forcing are likely contributing to the differences between CMIP3 and CMIP5. The estimate of internal variability based on the CESM large ensemble spans 24% of the uncertainty in CMIP5 for the twentieth century temperature trends, and 76% for the recent hiatus period, both at global scales, and 43% and almost 100% during the corresponding time periods at regional scales.
C1 [Kumar, Sanjiv] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
[Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Sheffield, Justin] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England.
RP Kumar, S (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sanjiv.kumar@noaa.gov
FU Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); National Science
Foundation [1338427]; NOAA [NA15OAR4310160]; National Aeronautics and
Space Administration [NNX14AM19G]; NOAA's Climate Program Office
Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program as part
of the CMIP5 Task Force
FX The first author was supported by the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow
Evolution Network (CanSISE) for a part of this work. The second author
was supported by the National Science Foundation (1338427), NOAA
(NA15OAR4310160), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NNX14AM19G). The authors acknowledge the support of NOAA's Climate
Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP)
Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force. We also acknowledge the World
Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which
is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups
(listed in Figure 1) for their model output. We also thank Matt Newman,
Nathan Gillett, Fancis Zwiers, and four anonymous reviewers whose
comments led to significant improvement in the manuscript. CMIP3 and
CMIP5 data were downloaded from the following website:
https://pcmdi9.llnl.gov/projects/esgf-llnl/. The CESM large ensemble
data were downloaded from
https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/dataset/ucar.cgd.ccsm4.CESM_CAM5_BGC_LE.
html
NR 57
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U1 4
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 16
BP 9561
EP 9575
DI 10.1002/2015JD024382
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ9OQ
UT WOS:000386207200017
ER
PT J
AU Hornbrook, RS
Hills, AJ
Riemer, DD
Abdelhamid, A
Flocke, FM
Hall, SR
Huey, LG
Knapp, DJ
Liao, J
Mauldin, RL
Montzka, DD
Orlando, JJ
Shepson, PB
Sive, B
Staebler, RM
Tanner, DJ
Thompson, CR
Turnipseed, A
Ullmann, K
Weinheimer, AJ
Apel, EC
AF Hornbrook, Rebecca S.
Hills, Alan J.
Riemer, Daniel D.
Abdelhamid, Aroob
Flocke, Frank M.
Hall, Samuel R.
Huey, L. Gregory
Knapp, David J.
Liao, Jin
Mauldin, Roy L., III
Montzka, Denise D.
Orlando, John J.
Shepson, Paul B.
Sive, Barkley
Staebler, Ralf M.
Tanner, David. J.
Thompson, Chelsea R.
Turnipseed, Andrew
Ullmann, Kirk
Weinheimer, Andrew J.
Apel, Eric C.
TI Arctic springtime observations of volatile organic compounds during the
OASIS-2009 campaign
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; POLAR
SUNRISE EXPERIMENT; HALOGEN ATOM CHEMISTRY; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS;
NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; OZONE DEPLETION; NITROGEN-OXIDES;
SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA
AB Gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at three vertical levels between 0.6m and 5.4m in the Arctic boundary layer in Barrow, Alaska, for the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS)-2009 field campaign during March-April 2009. C-4-C-8 nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), including alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, were quantified multiple times per hour, day and night, during the campaign using in situ fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three canister samples were also collected daily and subsequently analyzed for C-2-C-5 NMHCs. The NMHCs and aldehydes demonstrated an overall decrease in mixing ratios during the experiment, whereas acetone and 2-butanone showed increases. Calculations of time-integrated concentrations of Br atoms, integral[Br]dt, yielded values as high as (1.34 +/- 0.27) x 10(14)cm(-3)s during the longest observed ozone depletion event (ODE) of the campaign and were correlated with the steady state Br calculated at the site during this time. Both chlorine and bromine chemistry contributed to the large perturbations on the production and losses of VOCs. Notably, acetaldehyde, propanal, and butanal mixing ratios dropped below the detection limit of the instrument (3 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) for acetaldehyde and propanal, 2 pptv for butanal) during several ODEs due to Br chemistry. Chemical flux calculations of OVOC production and loss are consistent with localized high Cl-atom concentrations either regionally or within a very shallow surface layer, while the deeper Arctic boundary layer provides a continuous source of precursor alkanes to maintain the OVOC mixing ratios.
C1 [Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Hills, Alan J.; Flocke, Frank M.; Hall, Samuel R.; Knapp, David J.; Mauldin, Roy L., III; Montzka, Denise D.; Orlando, John J.; Turnipseed, Andrew; Ullmann, Kirk; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Apel, Eric C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Riemer, Daniel D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Abdelhamid, Aroob] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Huey, L. Gregory; Liao, Jin; Tanner, David. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Liao, Jin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Liao, Jin; Thompson, Chelsea R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
[Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shepson, Paul B.; Thompson, Chelsea R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Sive, Barkley] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Sive, Barkley] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Lakewood, CO USA.
[Staebler, Ralf M.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Proc Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Hornbrook, RS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM rsh@ucar.edu
FU NSF [0806437]; National Science Foundation
FX Additional support to NCAR under NSF grant 0806437 is gratefully
acknowledged. The authors wish to thank the organizers of the OASIS-2009
field campaign, the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium for logistics
support, and all of the researchers who contributed to the campaign.
Thanks are also expressed to Audra McClure-Begley and Irina
Petropavlovskikh for the provision of NOAA Barrow Observatory data. The
authors also thank Mary Barth, Geoff Tyndall, and six anonymous
reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. The National
Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science
Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. All
data from the OASIS Barrow 2009 field campaign are publicly available at
10.5065/D6CJ8BM3.
NR 92
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U1 6
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 16
BP 9789
EP 9813
DI 10.1002/2015JD024360
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ9OQ
UT WOS:000386207200030
ER
PT J
AU Li, JY
Mao, JQ
Min, KE
Washenfelder, RA
Brown, SS
Kaiser, J
Keutsch, FN
Volkamer, R
Wolfe, GM
Hanisco, TF
Pollack, IB
Ryerson, TB
Graus, M
Gilman, JB
Lerner, BM
Warneke, C
de Gouw, JA
Middlebrook, AM
Liao, J
Welti, A
Henderson, BH
McNeill, VF
Hall, SR
Ullmann, K
Donner, LJ
Paulot, F
Horowitz, LW
AF Li, Jingyi
Mao, Jingqiu
Min, Kyung-Eun
Washenfelder, Rebecca A.
Brown, Steven S.
Kaiser, Jennifer
Keutsch, Frank N.
Volkamer, Rainer
Wolfe, Glenn M.
Hanisco, Thomas F.
Pollack, Ilana B.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Graus, Martin
Gilman, Jessica B.
Lerner, Brian M.
Warneke, Carsten
de Gouw, Joost A.
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Liao, Jin
Welti, Andre
Henderson, Barron H.
McNeill, V. Faye
Hall, Samuel R.
Ullmann, Kirk
Donner, Leo J.
Paulot, Fabien
Horowitz, Larry W.
TI Observational constraints on glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation
and its contribution to organic aerosol over the Southeast United States
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RADICAL-INITIATED OXIDATION; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; METHYL VINYL
KETONE; GAS-PHASE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION;
HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER;
PEROXY-RADICALS
AB We use a 0-D photochemical box model and a 3-D global chemistry-climate model, combined with observations from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) aircraft campaign, to understand the sources and sinks of glyoxal over the Southeast United States. Box model simulations suggest a large difference in glyoxal production among three isoprene oxidation mechanisms (AM3ST, AM3B, and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) v3.3.1). These mechanisms are then implemented into a 3-D global chemistry-climate model. Comparison with field observations shows that the average vertical profile of glyoxal is best reproduced by AM3ST with an effective reactive uptake coefficient.glyx of 2 x 10(-3) and AM3B without heterogeneous loss of glyoxal. The two mechanisms lead to 0-0.8 mu gm(-3) secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from glyoxal in the boundary layer of the Southeast U.S. in summer. We consider this to be the lower limit for the contribution of glyoxal to SOA, as other sources of glyoxal other than isoprene are not included in our model. In addition, we find that AM3B shows better agreement on both formaldehyde and the correlation between glyoxal and formaldehyde (RGF = [GLYX]/[HCHO]), resulting from the suppression of d-isoprene peroxy radicals. We also find that MCM v3.3.1 may underestimate glyoxal production from isoprene oxidation, in part due to an underestimated yield from the reaction of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) peroxy radicals with HO2. Our work highlights that the gas-phase production of glyoxal represents a large uncertainty in quantifying its contribution to SOA.
C1 [Li, Jingyi; Mao, Jingqiu; Paulot, Fabien] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu; Donner, Leo J.; Paulot, Fabien; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Brown, Steven S.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Graus, Martin; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Liao, Jin; Welti, Andre] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Volkamer, Rainer; Pollack, Ilana B.; Graus, Martin; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Liao, Jin; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Min, Kyung-Eun] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea.
[Brown, Steven S.; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kaiser, Jennifer; Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Wolfe, Glenn M.; Hanisco, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Pollack, Ilana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, Innsbruck, Austria.
[Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Henderson, Barron H.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Engn Sch Sustainable Infrastruct & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[McNeill, V. Faye] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA.
[Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Mao, JQ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Mao, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM Jingqiu.Mao@noaa.gov
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; de
Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Graus,
Martin/E-7546-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Pollack,
Ilana/F-9875-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Middlebrook,
Ann/E-4831-2011; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013
OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242;
Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Washenfelder,
Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304;
FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071, NA14OAR4320106]; NOAA
Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program; EPA
[83540601]; NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS]; NASA Headquarters under the
NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK97H]; NSF EAGER
[AGS-1452317]; NSF [AGS-1546136]
FX The authors thank Charles A. Brock (NOAA) for providing the aerosol size
data, Vaishali Naik (UCAR/NOAA) for providing the emission inventories
from the SENEX campaign, and William Cooke for the help with convection
scheme of the AM3 model. J.L., J.M., and L.W.H. acknowledge supports by
the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071 and NA14OAR4320106.
K.E.M., R.A.W., and S.S.B. acknowledge the support from the NOAA
Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program. J.K.,
F.N.K., G.M.W., and T.F.H. are grateful for the support from EPA Science
to Achieve Results program grant 83540601 and NASA grant
NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA
Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program
grant NNX14AK97H. R.V. is grateful for the support from NSF EAGER award
AGS-1452317. V.F.M. acknowledges support from NSF (AGS-1546136). We
thank the staff at the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center and the WP-3D
flight crew for their help in instrumenting the aircraft and for
conducting the flights. Special thanks go to Songmiao Fan (NOAA) for the
helpful discussions. This research has not been subjected to any EPA
review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the
agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Observational
data sets and modeling results are available upon request to the
corresponding author (Jingqiu.Mao@noaa.gov).
NR 92
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 19
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 27
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 16
BP 9849
EP 9861
DI 10.1002/2016JD025331
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DZ9OQ
UT WOS:000386207200032
ER
PT J
AU Ding, J
Strelcov, E
Kalinin, SV
Bassiri-Gharb, N
AF Ding, J.
Strelcov, E.
Kalinin, S. V.
Bassiri-Gharb, N.
TI Electrochemical reactivity and proton transport mechanisms in
nanostructured ceria
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE nanostructured ceria; tr-KPFM; proton conduction; humidity; energy
discovery platforms
ID GAS SHIFT REACTION; OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY;
THIN-FILMS; WATER; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; CONDUCTIVITY; ADSORPTION;
STABILITY
AB Electrochemical reactivity and ionic transport at the nanoscale are essential in many energy applications. In this study, time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (tr-KPFM) is utilized for surface potential mapping of nanostructured ceria, in both space and time domains. The fundamental mechanisms of proton injection and transport are studied as a function of environmental conditions and the presence or absence of triple phase boundaries. Finite element modeling is used to extract physical parameters from the experimental data, allowing not only quantification of the observed processes, but also decoupling of their contributions to the measured signal. The constructed phase diagrams of the parameters demonstrate a thermally activated proton injection reaction at the triple phase boundary, and two transport processes that are responsible for the low-temperature proton conductivity of nanostructured ceria.
C1 [Ding, J.; Bassiri-Gharb, N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Bassiri-Gharb, N.] Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Strelcov, E.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ding, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Strelcov, E (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jding35@gatech.edu; nazanin.bassiri@gatech.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1255379]
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under
grant DMR-1255379. The tr-KPFM portion of this research was conducted at
the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, a DOE Office of Science
User Facility, under user proposal CNMS2013-123.
NR 43
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 13
U2 13
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
EI 1361-6528
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD AUG 26
PY 2016
VL 27
IS 34
AR 345401
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/27/34/345401
PG 11
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA DW9GB
UT WOS:000383963300009
PM 27407076
ER
PT J
AU Sun, L
Xue, LK
Wang, T
Gao, J
Ding, AJ
Cooper, OR
Lin, MY
Xu, PJ
Wang, Z
Wang, XF
Wen, L
Zhu, YH
Chen, TS
Yang, LX
Wang, Y
Chen, JM
Wang, WX
AF Sun, Lei
Xue, Likun
Wang, Tao
Gao, Jian
Ding, Aijun
Cooper, Owen R.
Lin, Meiyun
Xu, Pengju
Wang, Zhe
Wang, Xinfeng
Wen, Liang
Zhu, Yanhong
Chen, Tianshu
Yang, Lingxiao
Wang, Yan
Chen, Jianmin
Wang, Wenxing
TI Significant increase of summertime ozone at Mount Tai in Central Eastern
China
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EXPERIMENT 2006 MTX2006; LONG-TERM CHANGES;
SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES;
SEASONAL-VARIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IMPACT
AB Tropospheric ozone (O-3) is a trace gas playing important roles in atmospheric chemistry, air quality and climate change. In contrast to North America and Europe, long-term measurements of surface O-3 are very limited in China. We compile available O-3 observations at Mt. Tai - the highest mountain over the North China Plain - during 2003-2015 and analyze the decadal change of O-3 and its sources. A linear regression analysis shows that summertime O-3 measured at Mt. Tai has increased significantly by 1.7 ppbv yr(-1) for June and 2.1 ppbv yr(-1) for the July-August average. The observed increase is supported by a global chemistry-climate model hindcast (GFDL-AM3) with O-3 precursor emissions varying from year to year over 1980-2014. Analysis of satellite data indicates that the O-3 increase was mainly due to the increased emissions of O-3 precursors, in particular volatile organic compounds (VOCs). An important finding is that the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have diminished since 2011, but the increase of VOCs appears to have enhanced the ozone production efficiency and contributed to the observed O-3 increase in central eastern China. We present evidence that controlling NOx alone, in the absence of VOC controls, is not sufficient to reduce regional O-3 levels in North China in a short period.
C1 [Sun, Lei; Xue, Likun; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xinfeng; Wen, Liang; Zhu, Yanhong; Chen, Tianshu; Yang, Lingxiao; Chen, Jianmin; Wang, Wenxing] Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Tao; Wang, Zhe] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Gao, Jian] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Ding, Aijun] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Ding, Aijun] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Cooper, Owen R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cooper, Owen R.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Lin, Meiyun] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Xu, Pengju] Shandong Normal Univ, Sch Geog & Environm, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Lingxiao; Wang, Yan; Chen, Jianmin] Shandong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
RP Xue, LK (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
EM xuelikun@sdu.edu.cn
RI SDU, ERI/G-8737-2016; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Ding, Aijun/D-1610-2009;
Xue, Likun/B-5816-2012
OI SDU, ERI/0000-0003-2503-7398; Ding, Aijun/0000-0003-4481-5386;
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275123]; Qilu Youth
Talent Programme of Shandong University
FX The authors thank Steven Poon and Wei Nie for their contributions to the
field study, and the staff of the Mt. Tai Meteorological Observatory for
the logistics and help during the field measurements. We are also
grateful to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for providing the HYSPLIT
model and meteorological data, and the European Space Agency for the
free distribution of SCIAMACHY and GOME-2(B) satellite data through the
TEMIS website (http://www.temis.nl/index.php). This work was supported
by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no.:
41275123) and the Qilu Youth Talent Programme of Shandong University.
NR 57
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 28
U2 28
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD AUG 26
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 16
BP 10637
EP 10650
DI 10.5194/acp-16-10637-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW6EW
UT WOS:000383743200001
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, MD
AF Walsh, Michael D.
TI Jobs and Research- Related Outcomes from the NIST-ARRA Construction
Grants
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ARRA; construction grants; impact; research facilities
AB In 2009 and 2010, NIST's Construction Grant Program (NCGP) issued grants to 15 universities and 1 nonprofit institution to construct new or expand existing research facilities. Using $180 million provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and an additional $221 million provided by awardees, these grants led to the construction of 87,991 square meters (947,000 square feet) of academic research and development (R&D) space. This amounted to approximately 10 % of all R&D space constructed by U.S. academic institutions during the same period. This paper summarizes these 16 construction grants and highlights the number of additional research grants, patents, publications, and other benefits that resulted from the use of these facilities, six years after ARRA was signed into law.
C1 [Walsh, Michael D.] NIST, Technol Partnerships Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Walsh, MD (reprint author), NIST, Technol Partnerships Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michael.walsh@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD AUG 26
PY 2016
VL 121
BP 389
EP 400
DI 10.6028/jres.121.018
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA DW1MR
UT WOS:000383407800001
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, WB
Sander, LC
de Alda, ML
Lee, ML
Wise, SA
AF Wilson, Walter B.
Sander, Lane C.
de Alda, Miren Lopez
Lee, Milton L.
Wise, Stephen A.
TI Retention Retention behavior of isomeric polycyclic aromatic sulfur
heterocycles in reversed-phase liquid chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE Retention indices; Reversed-phase liquid chromatography; stationary
phases; Molecular descriptors; Retention behavior; Polycyclic aromatic
compounds; Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; STATIONARY PHASES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
HYDROCARBON ISOMERS; BALTIC SEDIMENT; MASS-SPECTRA; OIL RESIDUES;
SELECTIVITY; INDEXES; SAMPLES
AB Retention indices for 70 polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) were determined using reversed phase liquid chromatography (LC) on a monomeric and a polymeric C-18 stationary phase. Molecular shape parameters [length, breadth, thickness (T), and length-to-breadth ratio (L/B)] were calculated for all the compounds studied. Correlations between the retention on the polymeric C18 phase and PASH geometry (L/B and 7) were investigated for six specific PASH isomer groups with molecular mass (MM) 184 Da, 234 Da, 258 Da, 284 Da, 334 Da, and 384 Da. Similar to previous studies for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PASH elution order on the polymeric C18 phase was generally found to follow increasing L/B values. Correlation coefficients for retention vs L/B ranged from r= 0.45 (MM 184 Da) to r = 0.89 (MM 284 Da). In the case of smaller PASHs (MM <= 258 Da), the location of the sulfur atom in the bay-region of the structure resulted in later than expected elution of these isomers based on L/B. In the case of the larger PASHs (MM >= 284 Da), nonplanarity had a significant influence on earlier than predicted elution based on L/B values. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Wilson, Walter B.; Sander, Lane C.; de Alda, Miren Lopez; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Milton L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
RP Wilson, WB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM walter.wilson@nist.gov
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 40
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
EI 1873-3778
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD AUG 26
PY 2016
VL 1461
BP 107
EP 119
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.064
PG 13
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA DT9RO
UT WOS:000381840200014
PM 27481401
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, WB
Sander, LC
de Alda, ML
Lee, ML
Wise, SA
AF Wilson, Walter B.
Sander, Lane C.
de Alda, Miren Lopez
Lee, Milton L.
Wise, Stephen A.
TI Retention behavior behavior of alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic
sulfur heterocycles in reversed-phase liquid chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE Retention indices; Reversed-phase liquid chromatography; stationary
phases; Molecular descriptors; Retention behavior; Polycyclic aromatic
compounds; Alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur; heterocycles
ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES;
CRUDE OILS; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; BALTIC SEDIMENT; COAL-TAR; HYDROCARBONS;
SEPARATION; INDEXES
AB Retention indices for 79 alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) were determined by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) on a monomeric and polymeric octadecylsilane (C-18) stationary phase. Molecular shape parameters [length, breadth, thickness (T), and length-to-breadth ratio (L/B)] were calculated for all the compounds studied. Based on separations of isomeric methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on polymeric C18 phases, alkyl-substituted PASHs are expected to elute based on increasing L/B ratios. However, the correlation coefficients had a wide range of values from r =0.43 to r = 0.93. Several structural features besides L/B ratios were identified to play an important role in the separation mechanism of PASHs on polymeric C-18 phases. First, the location of the sulfur atom in a bay-like-region results in alkylated-PASHs being more retentive than non-bay-like region alkylated-PASHs, and they elute later than expected based on L/B value. Second, the placement of the alkyl group in the k region of the structure resulted in a later elution than predicted by L/B. Third, highly nonplanar methyl-PASHs (i.e., 1-Me and 11-MeBbN12T) elute prior to the parent PASH (BbN12T). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Wilson, Walter B.; Sander, Lane C.; de Alda, Miren Lopez; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Milton L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
RP Wilson, WB (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM walter.wilson@nist.gov
FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST]
NR 41
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
EI 1873-3778
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD AUG 26
PY 2016
VL 1461
BP 120
EP 130
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.065
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA DT9RO
UT WOS:000381840200015
PM 27477517
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CD
Arora, V
Friedlingstein, P
Bopp, L
Brovkin, V
Dunne, J
Graven, H
Hoffman, F
Ilyina, T
John, JG
Jung, M
Kawamiya, M
Koven, C
Pongratz, J
Raddatz, T
Randerson, JT
Zaehle, S
AF Jones, Chris D.
Arora, Vivek
Friedlingstein, Pierre
Bopp, Laurent
Brovkin, Victor
Dunne, John
Graven, Heather
Hoffman, Forrest
Ilyina, Tatiana
John, Jasmin G.
Jung, Martin
Kawamiya, Michio
Koven, Charlie
Pongratz, Julia
Raddatz, Thomas
Randerson, James T.
Zaehle, Soenke
TI C4MIP-The Coupled Climate-Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project:
experimental protocol for CMIP6
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LAND-COVER CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC
CO2; NITROGEN INTERACTIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; POSITIVE FEEDBACK;
SOUTHERN-OCEAN; C DYNAMICS; SPIN-UP
AB Coordinated experimental design and implementation has become a cornerstone of global climate modelling. Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) enable systematic and robust analysis of results across many models, by reducing the influence of ad hoc differences in model set-up or experimental boundary conditions. As it enters its 6th phase, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) has grown significantly in scope with the design and documentation of individual simulations delegated to individual climate science communities.
The Coupled Climate-Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (C4MIP) takes responsibility for design, documentation, and analysis of carbon cycle feedbacks and interactions in climate simulations. These feedbacks are potentially large and play a leading-order contribution in determining the atmospheric composition in response to human emissions of CO2 and in the setting of emissions targets to stabilize climate or avoid dangerous climate change. For over a decade, C4MIP has coordinated coupled climate-carbon cycle simulations, and in this paper we describe the C4MIP simulations that will be formally part of CMIP6. While the climate-carbon cycle community has created this experimental design, the simulations also fit within the wider CMIP activity, conform to some common standards including documentation and diagnostic requests, and are designed to complement the CMIP core experiments known as the Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima (DECK).
C4MIP has three key strands of scientific motivation and the requested simulations are designed to satisfy their needs: (1) pre-industrial and historical simulations (formally part of the common set of CMIP6 experiments) to enable model evaluation, (2) idealized coupled and partially coupled simulations with 1% per year increases in CO2 to enable diagnosis of feedback strength and its components, (3) future scenario simulations to project how the Earth system will respond to anthropogenic activity over the 21st century and beyond.
This paper documents in detail these simulations, explains their rationale and planned analysis, and describes how to set up and run the simulations. Particular attention is paid to boundary conditions, input data, and requested output diagnostics. It is important that modelling groups participating in C4MIP adhere as closely as possible to this experimental design.
C1 [Jones, Chris D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Arora, Vivek] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Div Climate Res, Environm & Climate Change, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England.
[Bopp, Laurent] Univ Paris Saclay, LSCE, IPSL, CEA,CNRS,UVSQ, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Brovkin, Victor; Ilyina, Tatiana; Pongratz, Julia; Raddatz, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Dunne, John; John, Jasmin G.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Graven, Heather] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England.
[Graven, Heather] Imperial Coll London, Grantham Inst, London, England.
[Hoffman, Forrest] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Jung, Martin; Zaehle, Soenke] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat Dept, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Kawamiya, Michio] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
[Koven, Charlie] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA.
RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
EM chris.d.jones@metoffice.gov.uk
RI Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; Jones,
Chris/I-2983-2014; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017
OI Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Hoffman,
Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Zaehle,
Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956
FU European Union [641816]; Joint UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre
Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Commission; German Research
Foundation [PO 1751/1-1]
FX CRESCENDO project members (CDJ, PF, LB, VB, TI, SZ) acknowledge funding
received from the Horizon 2020 European Union's Framework Programme for
Research and Innovation under grant agreement no. 641816. CDJ was
supported by the Joint UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate
Programme (GA01101). HDG was supported by a Marie Curie Career
Integration Grant from the European Commission. JP is supported by the
German Research Foundation's Emmy Noether Program (PO 1751/1-1).
NR 104
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 13
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV
JI Geosci. Model Dev.
PD AUG 25
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 8
BP 2853
EP 2880
DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2853-2016
PG 28
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DW7PX
UT WOS:000383844500002
ER
PT J
AU Papadimitriou, VC
Burkholder, JB
AF Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.
Burkholder, James B.
TI OH Radical Reaction Rate Coefficients, Infrared Spectrum, and Global
Warming Potential of (CF3)(2)CFCH=CHF (HFO-1438ezy(E))
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CL ATOMS; O-3; MECHANISMS;
CF3CF=CH2; PRODUCTS; KINETICS
AB Rate coefficients, k(T), for the OH radical + (E)-(CF3)(2)CFCH=CHF ((E)-1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene, HF0-1438ezy(E)) gas-phase reaction were measured using pulsed laser photolysis -laser -induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) between 214 and 380 K and 50 and 450 Torr (He or N-2 bath gas) and with a relative rate method at 296 K between 100 and 400 Torr (synthetic air). Over the range of pressures included in this study, no pressure dependence in k(T) was observed. k(296 K) obtained using the two techniques agreed to within with (3.26 0.26) X 10-13 cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (26 absolute uncertainty) obtained using the PLP-LIF technique. k(T) displayed non-Arrhenius behavior that is reproduced by (7.34 0.30) x 10-T-19(2) exp[(481 +/- 10)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). With respect to OH reactive loss, the atmospheric lifetime of HFO-1438ezy(E) is estimated to be similar to 36 days and HFO-1438ezy(E) is considered a very short-lived substance (VSLS) (the actual lifetime will depend on the time and location of the HFO-1438ezy(E) emission). On the basis of the HFO-1438ezy(E) infrared absorption spectrum measured in this work and its estimated lifetime, a radiative efficiency of 0.306 W m(-2) ppb(-1) (well-mixed gas) was calculated and its 100-year time-horizon global warming potential, GWP100, was estimated to be 8.6. CF3CFO, HC(O)F, and CF2O were identified using infrared spectroscopy as stable end products in the oxidation of HFO-1438ezy(E) in the presence of O-2. Two additional fluorinated products were observed and theoretical calculations of the infrared spectra of likely degradation products are presented. The photochemical ozone creation potential of HFO-1438ezy(E) was estimated to be similar to 2.15.
C1 [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Lab Photochem & Chem Kinet, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAAs Climate Goal Program; NASAs Atmospheric Composition Program
FX This work was supported in part by NOAAs Climate Goal and NASAs
Atmospheric Composition Programs. We thank Mark Robin of DuPont
Fluoroproducts for providing the (CF3)2CFCH=CHF
sample and GC/MS analysis.
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 9
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD AUG 25
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 33
BP 6618
EP 6628
DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06096
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA DU4JQ
UT WOS:000382179300012
PM 27482844
ER
PT J
AU Dimitrievska, M
Ivetic, TB
Litvinchuk, AP
Fairbrother, A
Miljevic, BB
Strbac, GR
Rodriguez, AP
Lukic-Petrovic, SR
AF Dimitrievska, Mirjana
Ivetic, Tamara B.
Litvinchuk, Alexander P.
Fairbrother, Andrew
Miljevic, Bojan B.
Strbac, Goran R.
Perez Rodriguez, Alejandro
Lukic-Petrovic, Svetlana R.
TI Eu3+-Doped Wide Band Gap Zn2SnO4 Semiconductor Nanoparticles: Structure
and Luminescence
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID BILBAO CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SERVER; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NANOCRYSTALS; CRYSTAL;
EU3+; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHORS; OXIDES; STATES; BULK
AB Nanocrystalline Zn2SnO4 powders doped with Eu3+ ions were synthesized via a mechanochemical Solid-state reaction method followed by postannealing in air at 1200 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies provide convincing evidence for the incorporation of Eu3+ ions into the host matrix on noncentrosymmetric sites of the cubic inverse spinel lattice. Microstnictural analysis shows that the crystalline grain size decreases with the addition of Eu3+. Formation of a nanocrystalline Eu2Sn2O7 secondary phase, is also observed. Luminescence spectra of Eu3+-doped samples show several emissions, including narrow-band magnetic dipole emission at 595 nm and electric dipole emission at 615 nm of the Eu3+ ions. Excitation spectra and lifetime measurements suggest that Eu3+ ions are incorporated at only one symmetry site. According to the crystal field' theory, it is assumed that Eu3+ ions participate at octahedral sites of Zn2+ or Sn4+ under a weak crystal field, rather than at the tetrahedral sites of Zn2+, because of the high octahedral stabilization energy for Eu3+. Activation of symmetry forbidden (IR-active and silent) Modes is observed in the Raman scattering spectra of both pure and doped samples, indicating a disorder of the cation Stiblattice of Zn2SnO4 nanocrystallites. These results were further supported by the first principle lattice dynamics calculations. The spinel-type Zn2SnO4 shows effectiveness in hosting Eu3+ ions, which could, be used as a prospective green/red emitter. This work also illustrates how sustainable and simple preparation methods could be used for effective engineering of material properties.
C1 [Dimitrievska, Mirjana] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Dimitrievska, Mirjana] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Dimitrievska, Mirjana; Fairbrother, Andrew; Perez Rodriguez, Alejandro] Catalonia Inst Energy Res IREC, Jardins Dones Negre 1, Barcelona 08930, Spain.
[Ivetic, Tamara B.; Miljevic, Bojan B.; Strbac, Goran R.; Lukic-Petrovic, Svetlana R.] Univ Novi Sad, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 4, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
[Litvinchuk, Alexander P.] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Litvinchuk, Alexander P.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Miljevic, Bojan B.] Univ Novi Sad, Fac Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Bul Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
[Perez Rodriguez, Alejandro] Univ Barcelona, IN2UB, C Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
RP Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.; Dimitrievska, M (reprint author), Catalonia Inst Energy Res IREC, Jardins Dones Negre 1, Barcelona 08930, Spain.
EM mira.dimitrievska@gmail.com
RI Litvinchuk, Alexander/K-6991-2012;
OI Litvinchuk, Alexander/0000-0002-5128-5232; Miljevic,
Bojan/0000-0002-0773-7115
FU APV Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research;
Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the
Republic of Serbia [ON 171022, III 45020]; European Union [316488];
State of Texas though the TcSUH at the University of Houston; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX This work was supported by APV Provincial Secretariat for Higher
Education and Scientific Research, and we acknowledge the support of the
Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the
Republic of Serbia (Project numbers: ON 171022 and III 45020) and the
People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh
Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant agreement no316488
(KESTCELLS). A. P. L. acknowledges the support from the State of Texas
though the TcSUH at the University of Houston. M. D. gratefully
acknowledges research support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies
Office, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. The authors would like to
thank Dr. Miroslav Dramicanin (Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences,
Belgrade, Serbia) for the luminescence measurements and productive
discussions.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 14
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD AUG 25
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 33
BP 18887
EP 18894
DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05335
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA DU4JX
UT WOS:000382180000060
ER
PT J
AU Goetz, F
Smith, SE
Goetz, G
Murphy, CA
AF Goetz, Frederick
Smith, Sara E.
Goetz, Giles
Murphy, Cheryl A.
TI Sea lampreys elicit strong transcriptomic responses in the lake trout
liver during parasitism
SO BMC GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lake trout; Sea lamprey; Parasitism; Inflammation; RNA-seq; Differential
transcription; Liver transcriptomics
ID BUCCAL GLAND SECRETION; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH;
LAMPETRA-JAPONICA; TRYPTOPHAN CATABOLISM; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS;
BINDING-PROTEIN; SUPERIOR; STRESS; CELLS
AB Background: The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a jawless vertebrate that parasitizes fish as an adult and, with overfishing, was responsible for the decline in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations in the Great Lakes. While laboratory studies have looked at the rates of wounding on various fish hosts, there have been few investigations on the physiological effects of lamprey wounding on the host. In the current study, two morphotypes of lake trout, leans and siscowets, were parasitized in the laboratory by sea lampreys and the liver transcriptomes of parasitized and nonparasitized fish were analyzed by RNA-seq (DESeq2 and edgeR) to determine which genes and gene pathways (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) were altered by lamprey parasitism.
Results: Overall, genes encoding molecules involved in catalytic (e.g., enzymatic) and binding activities (factors and regulators) predominated the regulated gene lists. In siscowets, the top upregulated gene was growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein and for leans it was interleukin-18-binding protein. In leans, the most significantly downregulated gene was UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A2 - DESeq2 or phosphotriesterase related - edgeR. For siscowets, the top downregulated gene was C-C motif chemokine 19 - DESeq2 or GTP-binding protein Rhes - edgeR. Gene pathways associated with inflammatory-related responses or factors (cytokines, chemokines, oxidative stress, apoptosis) were regulated following parasitism in both morphotypes. However, pathways related to energy metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, lipogenesis) were also regulated. These pathways or the intensity or direction (up/downregulation) of regulation were different between leans and siscowets. Finally, one of the most significantly downregulated pathways in both leans and siscowets was the kynurenine (tryptophan degradation) pathway.
Conclusions: The results indicate a strong transcriptional response in the lake trout to lamprey parasitism that entails genes involved in the regulation of inflammation and cellular damage. Responses to energy utilization as well as hydromineral balance also occurred indicating an adjustment in the host to energy demands and osmotic imbalances during parasitism. Given the role of the kynurenine pathway in promoting immunotolerance in mammals, the downregulation observed in this pathway during parasitism may signify an attempt by the host to inhibit any feedback suppression of the immune response to the lamprey.
C1 [Goetz, Frederick] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 East Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
[Smith, Sara E.; Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Lyman Briggs Coll, 480 Wilson Rd 13 Nat Resources, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
[Goetz, Giles] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Goetz, Frederick] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
[Smith, Sara E.] TerrAqua Inc, 2989 Entiat River Rd, Entiat, WA 98822 USA.
RP Goetz, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 East Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.; Goetz, F (reprint author), NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, 7305 Beach Dr East, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
EM rick.goetz@noaa.gov
FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; AgBioResearch at Michigan State
University
FX This work was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission through a
grant to C.A. Murphy, F.W. Goetz, S.P Sitar and R.A Bergstedt. C.A.
Murphy was also partially supported by AgBioResearch at Michigan State
University. The Commission and AgBioResearch were not involved in the
design or completion of the experiments.
NR 72
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 11
U2 13
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2164
J9 BMC GENOMICS
JI BMC Genomics
PD AUG 24
PY 2016
VL 17
AR 675
DI 10.1186/s12864-016-2959-9
PG 16
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA DY3GY
UT WOS:000384980000004
PM 27558222
ER
PT J
AU Kapadia, ZZ
Spracklen, DV
Arnold, SR
Borman, DJ
Mann, GW
Pringle, KJ
Monks, SA
Reddington, CL
Benduhn, F
Rap, A
Scott, CE
Butt, EW
Yoshioka, M
AF Kapadia, Zarashpe Z.
Spracklen, Dominick V.
Arnold, Steve R.
Borman, Duncan J.
Mann, Graham W.
Pringle, Kirsty J.
Monks, Sarah A.
Reddington, Carly L.
Benduhn, Francois
Rap, Alexandru
Scott, Catherine E.
Butt, Edward W.
Yoshioka, Masaru
TI Impacts of aviation fuel sulfur content on climate and human health
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; BIOMASS
BURNING EMISSIONS; CLOUD DROPLET FORMATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-MODEL; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC
CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL MICROPHYSICS
AB Aviation emissions impact both air quality and climate. Using a coupled tropospheric chemistry-aerosol microphysics model we investigate the effects of varying aviation fuel sulfur content (FSC) on premature mortality from long-term exposure to aviation-sourced PM2.5 (particulate matter with a dry diameter of < 2.5 mu m) and on the global radiation budget due to changes in aerosol and tropospheric ozone. We estimate that present-day non-CO2 aviation emissions with a typical FSC of 600 ppm result in similar to 3600 [95% CI: 1310-5890] annual premature mortalities globally due to increases in cases of cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer, resulting from increased surface PM2.5 concentrations. We quantify the global annual mean combined radiative effect (REcomb) of non-CO2 aviation emissions as 13.3 mWm(-2); from increases in aerosols (direct radiative effect and cloud albedo effect) and tropospheric ozone.
Ultra-low sulfur jet fuel (ULSJ; FSC = 15 ppm) has been proposed as an option to reduce the adverse health impacts of aviation-induced PM2.5. We calculate that swapping the global aviation fleet to ULSJ fuel would reduce the global aviation-induced mortality rate by similar to 620 [ 95% CI: 230-1020] mortalities a 1 and increase REcomb by +7.0 mWm(-2). We explore the impact of varying aviation FSC between 0 and 6000 ppm. Increasing FSC increases aviation-induced mortality, while enhancing climate cooling through increasing the aerosol cloud albedo effect (CAE). We explore the relationship between the injection altitude of aviation emissions and the resulting climate and air quality impacts. Compared to the standard aviation emissions distribution, releasing aviation emissions at the ground increases global aviation-induced mortality and produces a net warming effect, primarily through a reduced CAE. Aviation emissions injected at the surface are 5 times less effective at forming cloud condensation nuclei, reducing the aviation-induced CAE by a factor of 10. Applying high FSCs at aviation cruise altitudes combined with ULSJ fuel at lower altitudes results in reduced aviation-induced mortality and increased negative RE compared to the baseline aviation scenario.
C1 [Kapadia, Zarashpe Z.] Univ Leeds, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Energy Res Inst, Doctoral Training Ctr Low Carbon Technol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Kapadia, Zarashpe Z.; Spracklen, Dominick V.; Arnold, Steve R.; Mann, Graham W.; Pringle, Kirsty J.; Monks, Sarah A.; Reddington, Carly L.; Rap, Alexandru; Scott, Catherine E.; Butt, Edward W.; Yoshioka, Masaru] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Borman, Duncan J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Civil Engn, Ctr Computat Fluid Dynam, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Mann, Graham W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Benduhn, Francois] Inst Adv Sustainabil Studies, Potsdam, Germany.
[Monks, Sarah A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Monks, Sarah A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kapadia, ZZ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Energy Res Inst, Doctoral Training Ctr Low Carbon Technol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.; Kapadia, ZZ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
EM pm08zzk@leeds.ac.uk
RI Scott, Catherine/K-8758-2013; Spracklen, Dominick/B-4890-2014;
OI Scott, Catherine/0000-0002-0187-969X; Rap,
Alexandru/0000-0002-2319-6769; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685
FU Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through EPSRC
Doctoral Training Centre in Low Carbon Technologies (EPSRC)
[EP/G036608/1]
FX The authors acknowledge the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research
Council (EPSRC) for funding of Z. Z. Kapadia through the EPSRC Doctoral
Training Centre in Low Carbon Technologies (EPSRC Grant EP/G036608/1).
NR 104
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 13
U2 13
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PD AUG 24
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 16
BP 10521
EP 10541
DI 10.5194/acp-16-10521-2016
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW6ET
UT WOS:000383742900001
ER
PT J
AU Ortega, I
Coburn, S
Berg, LK
Lantz, K
Michalsky, J
Ferrare, RA
Hair, J
Hostetler, CA
Volkamer, R
AF Ortega, Ivan
Coburn, Sean
Berg, Larry K.
Lantz, Kathy
Michalsky, Joseph
Ferrare, Richard A.
Hair, JohnathanW.
Hostetler, Chris A.
Volkamer, Rainer
TI The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument - Part 2: Raman scattering probability
measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID SKY BRIGHTNESS MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; SPECTROSCOPY
MAX-DOAS; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SOLAR TRACKER;
IN-SITU; AERONET; DEPTH; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB The multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD(550))over land is similar to 0.19, and that over oceans is similar to 0.13. About 45% of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques that are optimized to measure aerosol optical properties under low AOD conditions. We present an inherently calibrated retrieval (i.e., no need for radiance calibration) to simultaneously measure AOD and the aerosol phase function parameter, g, based on measurements of azimuth distributions of the Raman scattering probability (RSP), the near-absolute rotational Raman scattering (RRS) intensity. We employ radiative transfer model simulations to show that for solar azimuth RSP measurements at solar elevation and solar zenith angle (SZA) smaller than 80 degrees, RSP is insensitive to the vertical distribution of aerosols and maximally sensitive to changes in AOD and g under near-molecular scattering conditions. The University of Colorado two-dimensional Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument was deployed as part of the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA, during the summer of 2012 to measure direct sun spectra and RSP from scattered light spectra at solar relative azimuth angles (SRAAs) between 5 and 170 degrees. During two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, 0.3 < AOD(430) < 0.6) and (2) near-molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD(430) < 0.13) we compare RSP-based retrievals of AOD(430) and g with data from a co-located CIMEL sun photometer, Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), and an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2). The average difference (relative to DOAS) for AOD(430) is + 0.012 +/- 0.023 (CIMEL), -0.012 +/- 0.024 (MFRSR), -0.011 +/- 0.014 (HSRL-2), and +0.023 +/- 0.013 (CIMELAOD - MFRSRAOD) and yields the following expressions for correlations between different instruments: DOAS(AOD) = -(0.019 +/- 0.006) + (1.03 +/- 0.02) X CIMELAOD (R-2 = 0.98), DOAS(AOD) = -(0.006 +/- 0.005) +. 1.08 +/- 0.02) x MFRSRAOD (R-2 = 0.98), and CIMELAOD = (0.013 +/- 0.004) + (1.05 +/- 0.01) x MFRSRAOD (R-2 = 0.99). The average g measured by DOAS on both days was 0.66 +/- 0.03, with a difference of 0.014 +/- 0.05 compared to CIMEL. Active steps to minimize the error in the RSP help to reduce the uncertainty in retrievals of AOD and g. As AOD decreases and SZA increases, the RSP signal-to-noise ratio increases. At AOD(430) similar to 0.4 and 0.10 the absolute AOD errors are similar to 0.014 and 0.003 at 70 degrees SZA and 0.02 and 0.004 at 35 degrees SZA. Inherently calibrated, precise AOD and g measurements are useful to better characterize the aerosol direct effect in urban polluted and remote pristine environments.
C1 [Ortega, Ivan; Coburn, Sean; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ortega, Ivan; Coburn, Sean; Lantz, Kathy; Michalsky, Joseph; Volkamer, Rainer] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Berg, Larry K.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA.
[Lantz, Kathy; Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ferrare, Richard A.; Hair, JohnathanW.; Hostetler, Chris A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu
RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016
OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369
FU NSF-CAREER [ATM-0847793]; US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0006080];
NASA Earth Science graduate fellowship; DOE Atmospheric System Research
(ASR) Program; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; DOE ARM
program: Interagency Agreement [DE-SC0006730]
FX The instrument was developed with support from the NSF-CAREER award
ATM-0847793; US Department of Energy (DOE) award DE-SC0006080 supported
the TCAP deployment (RV). Ivan Ortega is the recipient of a NASA Earth
Science graduate fellowship. Larry Berg is supported by the DOE
Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program. The Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under
contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Support for the HSRL-2 light operations
during TCAP was provided by the DOE ARM program: Interagency Agreement
DE-SC0006730. We are grateful to Tim Deutschmann for providing support
with the McArtim RTM. We thank Caroline Fayt and Michel van Roozendael
for providing the WinDOAS software and Thomas Wagner for helpful
discussions.
NR 61
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PD AUG 23
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 8
BP 3893
EP 3910
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW6YI
UT WOS:000383796900001
ER
PT J
AU Deeter, MN
Martinez-Alonso, S
Gatti, LV
Gloor, M
Miller, JB
Domingues, LG
Correia, CSC
AF Deeter, M. N.
Martinez-Alonso, S.
Gatti, L. V.
Gloor, M.
Miller, J. B.
Domingues, L. G.
Correia, C. S. C.
TI Validation and analysis of MOPITT CO observations of the Amazon Basin
SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; TROPICAL FORESTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
OPTICAL DEPTH; TRACE GASES; FIRE; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; DEFORESTATION
AB We analyze satellite retrievals of carbon monoxide from the MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) instrument over the Amazon Basin, focusing on the MOPITT Version 6 "multispectral" retrieval product (exploiting both thermal-infrared and near-infrared channels). Validation results based on in situ vertical profiles measured between 2010 and 2013 are presented for four sites in the Amazon Basin. Results indicate a significant negative bias in retrieved lower-tropospheric CO concentrations. The possible influence of smoke aerosol as a source of retrieval bias is investigated using collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements at two sites but does not appear to be significant. Finally, we exploit the MOPITT record to analyze both the mean annual cycle and the interannual variability of CO over the Amazon Basin since 2002.
C1 [Deeter, M. N.; Martinez-Alonso, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Gatti, L. V.; Domingues, L. G.; Correia, C. S. C.] CNEN, IPEN, Atmospher Chem Lab, 2242 Ave Prof Lineu Prestes,Cidade Univ, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Gloor, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS9 2JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Miller, J. B.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Deeter, MN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM mnd@ucar.edu
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing
System (EOS) program; National Science Foundation
FX The authors thank Brent Holben and the AERONET team for making the
AERONET data publicly available. The NCAR MOPITT project is supported by
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing
System (EOS) program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank Louis
Giglio for making the MODIS fire count data available.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 7
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1867-1381
EI 1867-8548
J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH
JI Atmos. Meas. Tech.
PD AUG 23
PY 2016
VL 9
IS 8
BP 3999
EP 4012
DI 10.5194/amt-9-3999-2016
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW6YQ
UT WOS:000383797700003
ER
PT J
AU Fancher, CM
Han, Z
Levin, I
Page, K
Reich, BJ
Smith, RC
Wilson, AG
Jones, JL
AF Fancher, Chris M.
Han, Zhen
Levin, Igor
Page, Katharine
Reich, Brian J.
Smith, Ralph C.
Wilson, Alyson G.
Jones, Jacob L.
TI Use of Bayesian Inference in Crystallographic Structure Refinement via
Full Diffraction Profile Analysis
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; POWDER-DIFFRACTION; GENETIC ALGORITHM;
STATISTICS
AB A Bayesian inference method for refining crystallographic structures is presented. The distribution of model parameters is stochastically sampled using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Posterior probability distributions are constructed for all model parameters to properly quantify uncertainty by appropriately modeling the heteroskedasticity and correlation of the error structure. The proposed method is demonstrated by analyzing a National Institute of Standards and Technology silicon standard reference material. The results obtained by Bayesian inference are compared with those determined by Rietveld refinement. Posterior probability distributions of model parameters provide both estimates and uncertainties. The new method better estimates the true uncertainties in the model as compared to the Rietveld method.
C1 [Fancher, Chris M.; Jones, Jacob L.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Han, Zhen; Reich, Brian J.; Wilson, Alyson G.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Page, Katharine] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Smith, Ralph C.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Jones, JL (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM jacob_jones@ncsu.edu
RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Fancher, Chris/F-1293-2017;
OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Fancher, Chris/0000-0002-3952-5168;
Wilson, Alyson/0000-0003-1461-6212
FU Kenan Institute for Engineering, Technology and Science at NC State;
Eastman Chemical Company - University Engagement Fund at NC State;
National Science Foundation [DMR-1445926]; DOE Office of Science
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Kenan Institute for
Engineering, Technology and Science at NC State and the Eastman Chemical
Company - University Engagement Fund at NC State. JLJ acknowledges
support from the National Science Foundation under DMR-1445926. This
research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a US. Department
of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE
Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 6
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD AUG 23
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 31625
DI 10.1038/srep31625
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DT8NA
UT WOS:000381746300001
PM 27550221
ER
PT J
AU Li, T
Anderson, BE
Horrom, T
Jones, KM
Lett, PD
AF Li, Tian
Anderson, Brian E.
Horrom, Travis
Jones, Kevin M.
Lett, Paul D.
TI Effect of input phase modulation to a phase-sensitive optical amplifier
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMPLITUDE-MODULATION; CONVERSION
AB Many optical applications depend on amplitude modulating optical beams using devices such as acousto-optical modulators (AOMs) or optical choppers. Methods to add amplitude modulation (AM) often inadvertently impart phase modulation (PM) onto the light as well. While this PM is of no consequence to many phase-insensitive applications, phase-sensitive processes can be affected. Here we study the effects of input phase and amplitude modulation on the output of a quantum-noise limited phase-sensitive optical amplifier (PSA) realized in hot Rb-85 vapor. We investigate the dependence of PM on AOM alignment and demonstrate a novel approach to quantifying PM by using the PSA as a diagnostic tool. We then use this method to measure the alignment-dependent PM of an optical chopper which arises due to diffraction effects as the chopper blade passes through the optical beam. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Li, Tian; Anderson, Brian E.; Horrom, Travis; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, Tian; Anderson, Brian E.; Horrom, Travis; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Jones, Kevin M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA.
[Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Li, T (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Li, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM litian@umd.edu
FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (AFOSR)
FX National Science Foundation (NSF) and Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (AFOSR).
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD AUG 22
PY 2016
VL 24
IS 17
BP 19871
EP 19880
AR 265070
DI 10.1364/OE.24.019871
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DY6KV
UT WOS:000385227100098
PM 27557263
ER
PT J
AU Gopman, DB
Kabanov, YP
Cui, J
Lynch, CS
Shull, RD
AF Gopman, D. B.
Kabanov, Y. P.
Cui, J.
Lynch, C. S.
Shull, R. D.
TI Influence of internal geometry on magnetization reversal in asymmetric
permalloy rings
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARRAYS
AB We report the magnetization reversal behavior of microstructured Ni80Fe20 rings using magnetooptic indicator film imaging and magnetometry. While the reversal behavior of rings with a symmetric (circular) interior hole agrees with micromagnetic simulations of an onion -> vortex -> onion transition, we experimentally demonstrate that rings possessing an elliptical hole with an aspect ratio of 2 exhibit complex reversal behavior comprising incoherent domain propagation in the rings. Magneto optic images reveal metastable magnetic configurations that illustrate this incoherent behavior. These results have important implications for understanding the reversal behavior of asymmetric ferromagnetic rings.
C1 [Gopman, D. B.; Kabanov, Y. P.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kabanov, Y. P.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Cui, J.; Lynch, C. S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Gopman, DB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.gopman@nist.gov
FU NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational
Applications of Nanoscale Multifcrroic Systems (TANMS) Cooperative
Agreement Award [EEC-1160504]
FX We acknowledge June Lau for assistance with the micromagnetic
simulations. J.C. and C.S.L. acknowledge support from the NSF
Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications
of Nanoscale Multifcrroic Systems (TANMS) Cooperative Agreement Award
(No. EEC-1160504).
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 22
PY 2016
VL 109
IS 8
AR 082407
DI 10.1063/1.4961881
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DW7RO
UT WOS:000383849000031
ER
PT J
AU Li, AJ
Eckel, S
Eller, B
Warren, KE
Clark, CW
Edwards, M
AF Li, Aijun
Eckel, Stephen
Eller, Benjamin
Warren, Kayla E.
Clark, Charles W.
Edwards, Mark
TI Superfluid transport dynamics in a capacitive atomtronic circuit
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOM; VORTEX
AB We simulate transport in an atomtronic circuit of a Bose-Einstein condensate that flows from a source region into a drain through a gate channel. The time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) solution matches the data of a recent experiment. The atomtronic circuit is found to be similar to a variable-resistance RLC circuit, which is critically damped at early times and shows LC oscillations later. The GPE also predicts atom loss from the drain. Studies of the dependence of condensate transport upon gate parameters suggest the utility of the GPE for investigation of atomtronic circuits.
C1 [Li, Aijun; Eller, Benjamin; Warren, Kayla E.; Edwards, Mark] Georgia Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
[Li, Aijun] Jilin Univ, Coll Phys, Key Lab Coherent Light Atom & Mol Spect, Changchun, Peoples R China.
[Eckel, Stephen; Clark, Charles W.; Edwards, Mark] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Eckel, Stephen; Clark, Charles W.; Edwards, Mark] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.; Edwards, M (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Edwards, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edwards@georgiasouthern.edu
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1068761, PHY-1413768]; Physics
Frontier Center @ JQI; China Scholarship Council [[2012]3011]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science
Foundation under Grants No. PHY-1068761 and No. PHY-1413768, and the
Physics Frontier Center @ JQI. This work was also supported by a grant
from the China Scholarship Council grant number [2012]3011.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD AUG 22
PY 2016
VL 94
IS 2
AR 023626
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.023626
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA DU0HH
UT WOS:000381882800009
ER
PT J
AU Lin, YC
Oey, LY
AF Lin, Y. -C.
Oey, L. -Y.
TI Rainfall-enhanced blooming in typhoon wakes
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTH CHINA SEA; TROPICAL CYCLONE; UPPER OCEAN;
PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; CRITICAL DEPTH; NURI 2008; HURRICANE; PACIFIC;
INTENSITY
AB Strong phytoplankton blooming in tropical-cyclone (TC) wakes over the oligotrophic oceans potentially contributes to long-term changes in global biogeochemical cycles. Yet blooming has traditionally been discussed using anecdotal events and its biophysical mechanics remain poorly understood. Here we identify dominant blooming patterns using 16 years of ocean-color data in the wakes of 141 typhoons in western North Pacific. We observe right-side asymmetric blooming shortly after the storms, attributed previously to sub-mesoscale re-stratification, but thereafter a left-side asymmetry which coincides with the left-side preference in rainfall due to the large-scale wind shear. Biophysical model experiments and observations demonstrate that heavier rainfall freshens the near-surface water, leading to stronger stratification, decreased turbulence and enhanced blooming. Our results suggest that rainfall plays a previously unrecognized, critical role in TC-induced blooming, with potentially important implications for global biogeochemical cycles especially in view of the recent and projected increases in TC-intensity that harbingers stronger mixing and heavier rain under the storm.
C1 [Lin, Y. -C.; Oey, L. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, 300 Zhongda Rd, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
[Oey, L. -Y.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, 300 Zhongda Rd, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.; Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM lyooey@gmail.com
FU Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [104-2611-M-008-001,
104-2621-M-008-003]
FX This research is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of
Taiwan, grant numbers 104-2611-M-008-001 and 104-2621-M-008-003.
NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD AUG 22
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 31310
DI 10.1038/srep31310
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA DT7WI
UT WOS:000381698500001
PM 27545899
ER
PT J
AU Bruno, NM
Huang, YJ
Dennis, CL
Li, JG
Shull, RD
Ross, JH
Chumlyakov, YI
Karaman, I
AF Bruno, N. M.
Huang, Y. J.
Dennis, C. L.
Li, J. G.
Shull, R. D.
Ross, J. H., Jr.
Chumlyakov, Y. I.
Karaman, I.
TI Effect of grain constraint on the field requirements for magnetocaloric
effect in Ni45Co5Mn40Sn10 melt-spun ribbons
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; NI-MN-SN; THERMOELASTIC MARTENSITIC
TRANSFORMATIONS; RANGE ATOMIC ORDER; MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; HEUSLER
ALLOYS; TRANSITIONS; HYSTERESIS; TEMPERATURE
AB The influence of grain constraint on the magnetic field levels required to complete the isothermal martensitic transformation in magnetic shape memory alloys has been demonstrated for a NiCoMnSn alloy, and the magnetocaloric performance of an optimally heat treated alloy was quantified. Ni45CoxMn45-xSn10 melt spun ribbons with x = 2, 4, 5, and 6 were characterized. The x = 5 sample was determined to exhibit the lowest transformation thermal hysteresis (7K) and transformation temperature range during transformation from paramagnetic austenite to nonmagnetic martensite, as well as a large latent heat of transformation (45 J kg(-1) K-1). For this composition, it was found that increasing the grain size to thickness ratio of the ribbons from 0.2 to 1.2, through select heat treatments, resulted in a decrease in the magnetic field required to induce the martensitic transformation by about 3 T due to the corresponding reduction in the martensitic transformation temperature range. This decrease in the field requirement ultimately led to a larger magnetocaloric entropy change achieved under relatively smaller magnetic field levels. The giant inverse magnetocaloric effect of the optimized alloy was measured and showed that up to 25 J kg(-1) K-1 was generated by driving the martensitic transition with magnetic fields up to 7 T. Published by AIP Publishing.
C1 [Bruno, N. M.; Ross, J. H., Jr.; Karaman, I.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Bruno, N. M.; Karaman, I.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Huang, Y. J.; Li, J. G.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mat & Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
[Dennis, C. L.; Shull, R. D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ross, J. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Chumlyakov, Y. I.] Tomsk State Univ, Siberian Phys Tech Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
RP Karaman, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.; Karaman, I (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM ikaraman@tamu.edu
RI Chumlyakov, Yuriy/R-6496-2016;
OI Bruno, Nickolaus/0000-0002-9464-8902; Karaman,
Ibrahim/0000-0001-6461-4958
FU U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research, Metals
and Metallic Nanostructures Program [1108396, 1508634]; National Science
Foundation [DMR 08-44082]; RFBR [12-08-9131-NNIO_a]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Materials Research, Metals and Metallic Nanostructures
Program, Grant Nos. 1108396 and 1508634. In addition, partial support
from the National Science Foundation, under Grant No. DMR 08-44082, is
acknowledged, which funds research in the International Materials
Institute for Multi-functional Materials for Energy Conversion (IIMEC)
at Texas A&M University. Y. I. Chumlyakov acknowledges the support from
RFBR under Grant No. 12-08-9131-NNIO_a.
NR 41
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 22
U2 23
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD AUG 21
PY 2016
VL 120
IS 7
AR 075101
DI 10.1063/1.4960353
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DW6VA
UT WOS:000383788300024
ER
PT J
AU Salvesen, G
Armitage, PJ
Simon, JB
Begelman, MC
AF Salvesen, Greg
Armitage, Philip J.
Simon, Jacob B.
Begelman, Mitchell C.
TI Strongly magnetized accretion discs require poloidal flux
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion; accretion discs; dynamo; instabilities; MHD; turbulence;
X-rays: binaries
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; BINARY STATE TRANSITIONS;
UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; BLACK-HOLES; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY;
CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; PARKER INSTABILITY; LOCAL SIMULATIONS; GALACTIC
NUCLEI; IDEAL MHD
AB Motivated by indirect observational evidence for strongly magnetized accretion discs around black holes, and the novel theoretical properties of such solutions, we investigate how a strong magnetization state can develop and persist. To this end, we perform local simulations of accretion discs with an initially purely toroidal magnetic field of equipartition strength. We demonstrate that discs with zero net vertical magnetic flux and realistic boundary conditions cannot sustain a strong toroidal field. However, a magnetic pressure-dominated disc can form from an initial configuration with a sufficient amount of net vertical flux and realistic boundary conditions. Our results suggest that poloidal flux is a necessary prerequisite for the sustainability of strongly magnetized accretion discs.
C1 [Salvesen, Greg; Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Salvesen, Greg; Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Salvesen, Greg; Armitage, Philip J.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Simon, Jacob B.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Salvesen, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Salvesen, G (reprint author), NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Salvesen, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM salvesen@colorado.edu
FU NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowship program; NASA under
Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX11AE12G, NNX14AB42G]; NSF [AST-1313021,
AST-1411879]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) - NASA through the Sagan
Fellowship Program; NASA Exoplanet Science Institute; National Science
Foundation [CNS-0821794]
FX We thank the referee, Anders Johansen, for his careful reading and
constructive comments. GS acknowledges support through the NASA Earth
and Space Science Graduate Fellowship program. PJA acknowledges support
from NASA under Astrophysics Theory Program awards NNX11AE12G and
NNX14AB42G, and from the NSF under award AST-1313021. JBS's support was
provided in part under contract with the California Institute of
Technology (Caltech) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by
NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet
Science Institute. MCB acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-1411879.
This work used the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the
National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the
University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint
effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado
Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD AUG 21
PY 2016
VL 460
IS 4
BP 3488
EP 3493
DI 10.1093/mnras/stw1231
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA DT8AV
UT WOS:000381711100007
ER
PT J
AU Barranco, GF
Trobs, M
Muller, V
Gerberding, O
Seifert, F
Heinzel, G
AF Barranco, German Fernandez
Troebs, Michael
Mueller, Vitali
Gerberding, Oliver
Seifert, Frank
Heinzel, Gerhard
TI Spatially resolved photodiode response for simulating precise
interferometers
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL INTERFEROMETERS; AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT; ULTRAVIOLET; DETECTORS
AB Quadrant photodiodes (QPDs) are used in laser interferometry systems to simultaneously detect longitudinal displacement of test masses and angular misalignment between the two interfering beams. The latter is achieved by means of the differential wavefront sensing (DWS) technique, which provides ultra-high precision for measuring angular displacements. We have developed a setup to obtain the spatially resolved response of QPDs that, together with an extension of the simulation software IfoCAD, allows us to use the measured response in simulations and accurately predict the desired longitudinal and DWS phase observables. Three different commercial off-the-shelf QPD candidates for space-based interferometry were characterized. The measured response of one QPD was used in optical simulations. Nonuniformities in the response of the device and crosstalk between segments do not introduce significant variations in the longitudinal and DWS measurands with respect to the standard case when a uniform QPD without crosstalk is used. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Barranco, German Fernandez; Troebs, Michael; Mueller, Vitali; Gerberding, Oliver; Seifert, Frank; Heinzel, Gerhard] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
[Barranco, German Fernandez; Troebs, Michael; Mueller, Vitali; Gerberding, Oliver; Heinzel, Gerhard] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
[Seifert, Frank] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Barranco, GF (reprint author), Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.; Barranco, GF (reprint author), Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, Callinstr 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
EM German.Fernandez.Barranco@aei.mpg.de
FU Max-Planck-Institut fur Gravitationsphysik (Institut fur
Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universitat Hannover)
FX Max-Planck-Institut fur Gravitationsphysik (Institut fur
Gravitationsphysik, Leibniz Universitat Hannover).
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD AUG 20
PY 2016
VL 55
IS 24
BP 6688
EP 6693
DI 10.1364/AO.55.006688
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DU1KE
UT WOS:000381965800022
ER
PT J
AU Yu, J
Mao, J
Yuan, GC
Satija, S
Chen, W
Tirrell, M
AF Yu, Jing
Mao, Jun
Yuan, Guangcui
Satija, Sushil
Chen, Wei
Tirrell, Matthew
TI The effect of multivalent counterions to the structure of highly dense
polystyrene sulfonate brushes
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE Polyelectrolyte; Brush; Multivalentions; ATRP; Neutron; reflectivity
ID POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; POLYMER BRUSHES; SCALING RELATIONS;
SALT-SOLUTIONS; COLLAPSE; FORCES; LUBRICATION; CHAINS; LAYERS; MEDIA
AB Surface tethered polyelectrolyte brushes are scientifically interesting and technologically relevant to many applications, ranging from colloidal stabilization to responsive and tunable materials to lubrication. Many applications operate in environments containing multi-valent ions, media in which our scientific understanding is not yet well-developed. We synthesized high-density polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) brushes via surface initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization, and performed neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements to investigate and compare the effects of mono-valent Rb+ and tri-valent Y3+ counterions to the structure of the densely tethered PSS brushes. Our NR results show that in monovalent RbNO3 solution, the dense PSS brush retained its full thickness up to a salt concentration of 1 M, whereas it immediately collapsed upon adding 1.67 mM of tri-valent Y3+. Increasing the concentration of Y3+ beyond this level did not lead to any significant further structure change of the PSS brush. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of multi-valent counterions can significantly alter the structure of polyelectrolyte brushes, in a manner different from mono-valent ions, which has implications for the functionality of the brushes. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Yu, Jing; Mao, Jun; Chen, Wei; Tirrell, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Yu, Jing; Mao, Jun; Chen, Wei; Tirrell, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Yuan, Guangcui; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yuan, Guangcui] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Tirrell, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.; Chen, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM wchen@anl.gov; mtirrell@uchicago.edu
RI Chen, Wei/G-6055-2011; Yu, Jing/C-4138-2017
OI Chen, Wei/0000-0001-8906-4278; Yu, Jing/0000-0002-4288-951X
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Program in Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; NSF Award
[NSF-DMR-1420709]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Program in Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science
and Engineering. We acknowledge the MRSEC Shared User Facilities at the
University of Chicago supported by NSF Award NSF-DMR-1420709.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 27
U2 43
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
EI 1873-2291
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD AUG 19
PY 2016
VL 98
SI SI
BP 448
EP 453
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.053
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA DR1QE
UT WOS:000379679200050
ER
PT J
AU McLaskey, AK
Keister, JE
McElhany, P
Olson, MB
Busch, DS
Maher, M
Winans, AK
AF McLaskey, Anna K.
Keister, Julie E.
McElhany, Paul
Olson, M. Brady
Busch, D. Shallin
Maher, Michael
Winans, Amanda K.
TI Development of Euphausia pacifica (krill) larvae is impaired under
pCO(2) levels currently observed in the Northeast Pacific
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ocean acidification; Zooplankton; Euphausiids; pH; Survival; Exposure
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS;
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SEA-WATER; EXPOSURE; VARIABILITY; COPEPODS; IMPACT;
CARBON
AB Despite the critical importance of euphausiids inmarine food webs, little ocean acidification (OA) research has focused on them. Euphausia pacifica is a dominant and trophically important species of euphausiid throughout the North Pacific and the California Current Ecosystem, where low pH conditions are occurring in advance of those in the global ocean. We assessed the impact of reduced pH on the hatching and larval development of E. pacifica in the laboratory and characterized the pH to which E. pacifica eggs and larvae are currently exposed in Puget Sound, Washington (USA), a large estuary connected to the California Current. In 2 independent sets of laboratory experiments that lasted 6 to 22 d and which involved broods from 110 different females, we found that hatching is robust to a wide range of pH levels, but larval development and survival are reduced at pH levels that are currently observed within their habitat. Survival from 3 d post hatch to the calyptopis 2 stage was reduced by an average of 20% at pH 7.69 compared to pH 7.96. Even though this population experiences a range ofpHconditions on seasonal and daily timescales, it may be living near the limits of its pH tolerance. Continued OA may push these organisms past their threshold, which could have cascading negative consequences for higher trophic levels.
C1 [McLaskey, Anna K.; Keister, Julie E.; Winans, Amanda K.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[McElhany, Paul; Maher, Michael] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Olson, M. Brady] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA.
[Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Busch, D. Shallin] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP McLaskey, AK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM mclaskey@uw.edu
RI Keister, Julie/J-8720-2012
OI Keister, Julie/0000-0002-9385-5889
FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Ocean Acidification Program;
Washington Ocean Acidification Center; Washington Sea Grant, University
of Washington [NA10OAR4170057]
FX We thank Jonathan Lambert, Tiffany Barber, Kelley Bright, Robyn Strenge,
Cristina Villalobos, Julia Brueggeman, BethElLee Herrmann, and Lisa
Raatikainen for help with the experiments and data collection; Moose
O'Donnell, Erin Bohaboy, and Amelia Kolb for chemistry analyses; Captain
Lawrence Baum for collection trips and Rachel Wilborn and Chloe
Holzinger for help on collections; Captain Ray McQuin of the RV 'Barnes'
for field sampling, Loren Tuttle for technical support, and Tricia Thibo
deau for help in the field; Jason Miller for help with experiments and
statistical advice; Dr. Susan Lubetkin and University of Washington
Biostatistics Consulting for statistical help; and NOAA Northwest
Fisheries Science Center and Ocean Acidification Program for funding the
NOAA OA facilities and personnel. This study was funded in part by
grants from the Washington Ocean Acidification Center and Washington Sea
Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA10OAR4170057. The views expressed
herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views
of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies.
NR 49
TC 0
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U1 9
U2 9
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD AUG 18
PY 2016
VL 555
BP 65
EP 78
DI 10.3354/meps11839
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA DW6ZZ
UT WOS:000383801600005
ER
PT J
AU Swalethorp, R
Nielsen, TG
Thompson, AR
Mohl, M
Munk, P
AF Swalethorp, Rasmus
Nielsen, Torkel Gissel
Thompson, Andrew R.
Mohl, Malene
Munk, Peter
TI Early life of an inshore population of West Greenlandic cod Gadus
morhua: spatial and temporal aspects of growth and survival
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ichthyoplankton abundance; Otolith growth; Arctic; Annual egg
production; Spawning stock biomass
ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD; ARCTO-NORWEGIAN
COD; COASTAL COD; GEORGES-BANK; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; LARVAL FISH;
CLASS STRENGTH; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; DEPENDENT GROWTH
AB Understanding the processes that affect fish larval survival and recruitment is a fundamental tenant of fisheries science. Small, isolated fjords are ideal study systems for elucidating early life history processes, as population dynamics are well traced in these partially closed systems. We examined the distribution, growth and mortality of eggs and larvae of a fjord population of cod during a 5 mo field campaign in the fjord Kapisigdlit, West Greenland. Cod mainly spawned early in the season in the innermost shallow region of the fjord. Egg survival was generally high in the fjord. The high survival may have been driven by relatively high temperature and/or low predation in the inner region. Early in the season, the distribution of eggs and young larvae was mostly restricted to the spawning area. Later in the season, larger larvae had become more evenly distributed in the fjord. This shift in distribution was observed after the seasonal pulse in freshwater outflow following the ice break-up in Kapisigdlit River. There was a positive correlation between the amount of food in a larval stomach and growth, and larval growth was greater in the outer fjord where prey availability was higher. The timing between spawning and freshwater input may be essential for survival and recruitment, this ensuring low dispersal of eggs and younger stages and high dispersal of older, actively feeding stages. Therefore, cod in this area could be vulnerable to future climate change affecting the timing and magnitude of freshwater outflow, by changes in precipitation, temperature or prey availability.
C1 [Swalethorp, Rasmus; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel; Mohl, Malene; Munk, Peter] Tech Univ Denmark, Sect Sect Marine Ecol & Oceanog, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Kavalergarden 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
[Nielsen, Torkel Gissel] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Greenland Climate Res Ctr, Kivioq 2,POB 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland.
[Thompson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Swalethorp, Rasmus] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Swalethorp, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Sect Sect Marine Ecol & Oceanog, Natl Inst Aquat Resources DTU Aqua, Kavalergarden 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.; Swalethorp, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM swalethorp.rasmus@gmail.com
FU Greenland Climate Research Centre [6505]
FX This research project was funded by the Greenland Climate Research
Centre (project 6505). We thank the captains and crew on 'Lille Masik'
and RV 'Dana' for their help during sampling. We also thank Sanne
Kjellerup, Karen Rusgaard, Sara Zamora Terol, Birgit Soborg, Thomas
Krog, Knud Kreutzmann, Henrik Philipsen and John Morten sen for help
with logistics, equipment and sampling. Furthermore, we thank Karin
Hussy and Arild Folkvord for their support concerning the otolith
analysis. In addition, we thank Pierre Pepin, Geoff Evans and Jan
Heuschele for statistical support, Kerstin Geitner for graphical
support, and William Watson and Julie Dinasquet for providing comments
on the manuscript.
NR 88
TC 0
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U1 15
U2 15
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD AUG 18
PY 2016
VL 555
BP 185
EP 202
DI 10.3354/meps11816
PG 18
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA DW6ZZ
UT WOS:000383801600013
ER
PT J
AU Ames, CL
Ryan, JF
Bely, AE
Cartwright, P
Collins, AG
AF Ames, Cheryl Lewis
Ryan, Joseph F.
Bely, Alexandra E.
Cartwright, Paulyn
Collins, Allen G.
TI A new transcriptome and transcriptome profiling of adult and larval
tissue in the box jellyfish Alatina alata: an emerging model for
studying venom, vision and sex
SO BMC GENOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cubozoa; Expression patterns; Pedalium; Sting; Embryo; Gametogenesis;
Planulae; Eye; Spawning aggregations; Sperm
ID DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; CHIRONEX-FLECKERI; CNIDARIA CUBOZOA;
OPSIN EVOLUTION; TRIPEDALIA-CYSTOPHORA; REFERENCE GENOME;
CREATINE-KINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARYBDEA-ALATA; SNAKE-VENOM
AB Background: Cubozoans (box jellyfish) are cnidarians that have evolved a number of distinguishing features. Many cubozoans have a particularly potent sting, effected by stinging structures called nematocysts; cubozoans have well-developed light sensation, possessing both image-forming lens eyes and light-sensitive eye spots; and some cubozoans have complex mating behaviors, including aggregations, copulation and internal fertilization. The cubozoan Alatina alata is emerging as a cnidarian model because it forms predictable monthly nearshore breeding aggregations in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide, making both adult and larval material reliably accessible. To develop resources for A. alata, this study generated a functionally annotated transcriptome of adult and larval tissue, applying preliminary differential expression analyses to identify candidate genes involved in nematogenesis and venom production, vision and extraocular sensory perception, and sexual reproduction, which for brevity we refer to as "venom", "vision" and "sex".
Results: We assembled a transcriptome de novo from RNA-Seq data pooled from multiple body parts (gastric cirri, ovaries, tentacle (with pedalium base) and rhopalium) of an adult female A. alata medusa and larval planulae. Our transcriptome comprises similar to 32 K transcripts, after filtering, and provides a basis for analyzing patterns of gene expression in adult and larval box jellyfish tissues. Furthermore, we annotated a large set of candidate genes putatively involved in venom, vision and sex, providing an initial molecular characterization of these complex features in cubozoans. Expression profiles and gene tree reconstruction provided a number of preliminary insights into the putative sites of nematogenesis and venom production, regions of phototransduction activity and fertilization dynamics in A. alata.
Conclusions: Our Alatina alata transcriptome significantly adds to the genomic resources for this emerging cubozoan model. This study provides the first annotated transcriptome from multiple tissues of a cubozoan focusing on both the adult and larvae. Our approach of using multiple body parts and life stages to generate this transcriptome effectively identified a broad range of candidate genes for the further study of coordinated processes associated with venom, vision and sex. This new genomic resource and the candidate gene dataset are valuable for further investigating the evolution of distinctive features of cubozoans, and of cnidarians more broadly.
C1 [Ames, Cheryl Lewis; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Ames, Cheryl Lewis] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Ryan, Joseph F.] Univ Florida, Whitney Lab Marine Biosci, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA.
[Ryan, Joseph F.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Bely, Alexandra E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Ames, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA.; Ames, CL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM amesc@si.edu
OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691
FU University of Maryland Biological Science Eugenie Clark Scholarship;
University of Maryland Biological Science Smithsonian Peter Buck
Predoctoral research grants; NSF [DEB-095357]; University of Florida DSP
Research Strategic Initiatives [00114464]; University of Florida Office
of the Provost Programs; Mary & Robert Pew Public Education Fund
FX Funding for field work (CLA) was provided by University of Maryland
Biological Sciences Eugenie Clark Scholarship and Smithsonian Peter Buck
Predoctoral research grants, and for RNA-Seq by Paulyn Cartwright
through NSF grant DEB-095357. JFR was supported by startup funds from
the University of Florida DSP Research Strategic Initiatives #00114464
and University of Florida Office of the Provost Programs. AGC
acknowledges the Mary & Robert Pew Public Education Fund, which
supported the capture of some of the imagery in Fig. 1.
NR 127
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U1 16
U2 16
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2164
J9 BMC GENOMICS
JI BMC Genomics
PD AUG 17
PY 2016
VL 17
AR 650
DI 10.1186/s12864-016-2944-3
PG 25
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity
GA DX0LD
UT WOS:000384052000007
ER
PT J
AU McGranaghan, R
Knipp, DJ
Matsuo, T
AF McGranaghan, Ryan
Knipp, Delores J.
Matsuo, Tomoko
TI High-latitude ionospheric conductivity variability in three dimensions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE high-latitude ionosphere; ionospheric electrodynamics; conductivity;
three dimensional; magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; DMSP
ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION ANALYSIS; DOMINANT-MODES;
ALFVEN WAVES; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; MORPHOLOGY;
SUPERDARN; SUBSTORM
AB We perform the first ever global-scale, altitude-dependent analysis of polar ionospheric conductivity variability using spectrally resolved in situ satellite particle measurements. With an empirical orthogonal function analysis we identify three primary modes of three-dimensional variability related to ionospheric footprints of the quiet and disturbed geospace environment: (1) perturbation of the quasi-permanent auroral oval, (2) differing projections of electron precipitation during southward and northward interplanetary magnetic field, and (3) a likely imprint of variation in Alfvenic Poynting flux deposition. Together, these modes account for >50% of the total conductivity variability throughout the E region ionosphere. Our results show that height-integrated conductance and height-dependent conductivities are distinctly different, underscoring the importance of studying the ionosphere in three dimensions. We provide the framework for future three-dimensional global analysis of ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling.
C1 [McGranaghan, Ryan; Knipp, Delores J.] Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Knipp, Delores J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Matsuo, Tomoko] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Matsuo, Tomoko] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA.
RP McGranaghan, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ryan.mcgranaghan@colorado.edu
OI McGranaghan, Ryan/0000-0002-9605-0007
FU NSF Fellowship [DGE 1144083]; NASA [NNX13AD64G, NNX13AG07G, NNX14AI17G];
NSF [AGS 1144154, PLR-1443703]; NSF
FX R.M.G. was partially supported by NSF Fellowship award DGE 1144083 and
NASA grant NNX13AD64G. D.J.K. was partially supported by NSF grant AGS
1144154 and NASA grant NNX13AG07G. T.M. was supported by NSF grant
PLR-1443703 and NASA grant NNX14AI17G. T.M. is grateful for Olaf Amm who
originally provided inspiration for 3-D high-latitude ionospheric
electrodynamics. We thank Art Richmond for useful discussions. NCAR is
supported by the NSF. We gratefully acknowledge the NASA Space Physics
Data Facility; the World Data Center, Kyoto; and the National
Geophysical Data Center for providing the high-resolution OMNI data, the
AE and SYM-H index data, and the Kp index data, respectively. We thank
Rob Redmon and the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI)
for providing the DMSP particle data, which were obtained from NASA
CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
NR 44
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 15
BP 7867
EP 7877
DI 10.1002/2016GL070253
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DV9VM
UT WOS:000383290300010
ER
PT J
AU Lopez, H
Dong, SF
Lee, SK
Campos, E
AF Lopez, Hosmay
Dong, Shenfu
Lee, Sang-Ki
Campos, Edmo
TI Remote influence of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the South
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation; teleconnections; meridional
overturning circulation; Rossby waves; sea surface height
ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COUPLED VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE WINDS; OCEAN;
CLIMATE; MODES; ENSO; BLOCKING; INCREASE; IMPACTS
AB This study explores potential factors that may influence decadal variability of the South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (SAMOC) by using observational data as well as surface-forced ocean model runs and a fully coupled climate model run. Here we show that SAMOC is strongly correlated with the leading mode of sea surface height (SSH) variability in the South Atlantic Ocean, which displays a meridional dipole between north and south of 20 degrees S. A significant portion (similar to 45%) of the South Atlantic SSH dipole variability is remotely modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Further analysis shows that anomalous tropical Pacific convection associated with the IPO forces robust stationary Rossby wave patterns, modulating the wind stress curl over the South Atlantic Ocean. A positive (negative) phase IPO increases (decreases) the westerlies over the South Atlantic, which increases (decreases) the strength of the subtropical gyre in the South Atlantic and thus the SAMOC.
C1 [Lopez, Hosmay; Campos, Edmo] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Lopez, Hosmay; Dong, Shenfu; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Campos, Edmo] Univ Sao Paulo, Oceanog Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP Lopez, H (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.; Lopez, H (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM hlopez@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Lopez,
Hosmay/M-3278-2015
OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072;
FU Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies of the
University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory; Climate Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program
Office; NOAA Climate Program Office; NASA [NNH13AW33I]; Sao Paulo State
Foundation (FAPESP) [2011/50552-4]
FX We acknowledge the anonymous reviewers as their comments have helped
improve the manuscript. We would like to thanks Marlos Goes and Libby
Johns (NOAA/AOML) for their comments. Data can be obtained upon request
by contacting the corresponding author at hlopez@rsmas.miami.edu. This
research was carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute
of Marine and Atmospheric Studies of the University of Miami and the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative
agreement NA10OAR4320143. This work was supported by NOAA Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory and funded by Climate
Observations Division of the NOAA Climate Program Office. Dong is also
partially supported by NOAA Climate Program Office and NASA grant
NNH13AW33I E. Campos was partially supported by the Sao Paulo State
Foundation (FAPESP, grant 2011/50552-4).
NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 43
IS 15
BP 8250
EP 8258
DI 10.1002/2016GL069067
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DV9VM
UT WOS:000383290300054
ER
PT J
AU May, NW
Quinn, PK
McNamara, SM
Pratt, KA
AF May, N. W.
Quinn, P. K.
McNamara, S. M.
Pratt, K. A.
TI Multiyear study of the dependence of sea salt aerosol on wind speed and
sea ice conditions in the coastal Arctic
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic; sea salt aerosol; sea ice; aerosols; atmospheric chemistry
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES;
PACK ICE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; BROMINE; SURFACE; OCEAN; PARTICLES;
SUMMER
AB Thinning of Arctic sea ice gives rise to ice fracturing and leads (areas of open water surrounded by sea ice) that are a potential source of sea salt aerosol. Atmospheric particle inorganic ion concentrations, local sea ice conditions, and meteorology at Barrow, AK, from 2006 to 2009, were combined to investigate the dependence of submicron (aerodynamic diameter<1 mu m) and supermicron (aerodynamic diameter 1-10 mu m) sea salt mass concentrations on sea ice coverage and wind speed. Consistent with a wind-dependent source, supermicron sea salt mass concentrations increased in the presence of nearby leads and wind speeds greater than 4ms(-1). Increased supermicron and submicron sea salt chloride depletion was observed for periods of low winds or a lack of nearby open water, consistent with transported sea salt influence. Sea salt aerosol produced from leads has the potential to alter cloud formation, as well as the chemical composition of the Arctic atmosphere and snowpack.
C1 [May, N. W.; McNamara, S. M.; Pratt, K. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
[Pratt, K. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Pratt, KA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Pratt, KA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM prattka@umich.edu
RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Pratt, Kerri/F-8025-2010
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Pratt, Kerri/0000-0003-4707-2290
FU University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
FX The University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
is thanked for funding this analysis. Hajo Eicken of the Sea Ice Group
at the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska Fairbanks is
thanked for discussions regarding, and assistance in obtaining, the sea
ice radar backscatter maps. We thank the NOAA personnel at Barrow, AK
for sample collection and Kristen Schulz (NOAA PMEL) for sample
analysis. NOAA Barrow Observatory meteorological and aerosol data are
available online (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/brw/), and Barrow
sea ice radar backscatter maps can be found online at
http://seaice.alaska.edu/gi/data/barrow_radar. The PMEL contribution
number is 4408.
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 10
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 15
BP 9208
EP 9219
DI 10.1002/2016JD025273
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW0ZN
UT WOS:000383372400028
ER
PT J
AU Neuman, JA
Trainer, M
Brown, SS
Min, KE
Nowak, JB
Parrish, DD
Peischl, J
Pollack, IB
Roberts, JM
Ryerson, TB
Veres, PR
AF Neuman, J. A.
Trainer, M.
Brown, S. S.
Min, K. -E.
Nowak, J. B.
Parrish, D. D.
Peischl, J.
Pollack, I. B.
Roberts, J. M.
Ryerson, T. B.
Veres, P. R.
TI HONO emission and production determined from airborne measurements over
the Southeast US
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrous acid; HONO; SENEX; SAS; iodide CIMS
ID NITROUS-ACID FORMATION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; VERTICAL PROFILES;
ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; AIRCRAFT EXHAUST; TRACE GASES;
AIR-QUALITY; HUMIC-ACID; ABSORPTION
AB The sources and distribution of tropospheric nitrous acid (HONO) were examined using airborne measurements over the Southeast U.S. during the Southeast Nexus Experiment in June and July 2013. HONO was measured once per second using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer on the NOAA WP-3D aircraft to assess sources that affect HONO abundance throughout the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The aircraft flew at altitudes between 0.12 and 6.4kmabove ground level on 18 research flights that were conducted both day and night, sampling emissions from urban and power plant sources that were transported in the PBL. At night, HONO mixing ratios were greatest in plumes from agricultural burning, where they exceeded 4ppbv and accounted for 2-14% of the reactive nitrogen emitted by the fires. The HONO to carbon monoxide ratio in these plumes from flaming stage fires ranged from 0.13 to 0.52%. Direct HONO emissions from coal-fired power plants were quantified using measurements at night, when HONO loss by photolysis was absent. These direct emissions were often correlated with total reactive nitrogen with enhancement ratios that ranged from 0 to 0.4%. HONO enhancements in power plant plumes measured during the day were compared with a Lagrangian plume dispersion model, showing that HONO produced solely from the gas phase reaction of OH with NO explained the observations. Outside of recently emitted plumes from known combustion sources, HONO mixing ratios measured several hundred meters above ground level were indistinguishable from zero within the 15parts per trillion by volume measurement uncertainty. The results reported here do not support the existence of a ubiquitous unknown HONO source that produces significant HONO concentrations in the lower troposphere.
C1 [Neuman, J. A.; Min, K. -E.; Nowak, J. B.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Veres, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Neuman, J. A.; Trainer, M.; Brown, S. S.; Min, K. -E.; Nowak, J. B.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Veres, P. R.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Min, K. -E.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea.
[Nowak, J. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA.
[Pollack, I. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Neuman, JA (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov
RI Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Brown,
Steven/I-1762-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Veres,
Patrick/E-7441-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts,
James/A-1082-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010;
OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727;
Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172;
Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 22
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 15
BP 9237
EP 9250
DI 10.1002/2016JD025197
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA DW0ZN
UT WOS:000383372400030
ER
PT J
AU Bernard, F
Ciuraru, R
Boreave, A
George, C
AF Bernard, F.
Ciuraru, R.
Boreave, A.
George, C.
TI Photosensitized Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols above the
Air/Water Interface
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; SURFACE
MICROLAYER; CHEMISTRY; PARTICLES; SULFUR; OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL; NUCLEATION
AB In this study, we evaluated photosensitized chemistry at the air-sea interface as a source of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Our results show that, in addition to biogenic emissions, abiotic processes could also be important in the marine boundary layer. Photosensitized production of marine secondary organic aerosol was studied in a custom-built multiphase atmospheric simulation chamber. The experimental chamber contained water, humic acid (1-10 mg L-1) as a proxy for dissolved organic matter, and nonanoic acid (0.1-10 mM), a fatty acid proxy which formed an organic film at the air-water interface. Dark secondary reaction with ozone after illumination resulted in SOA particle concentrations in excess of 1000 cm(-3), illustrating the production of unsaturated compounds by chemical reactions at the air-water interface. SOA numbers via photosensitization alone and in the absence of ozone did not exceed background levels. From these results, we derived a dependence of SOA numbers on nonanoic acid surface coverage and dissolved organic matter concentration. We present a discussion on the potential role of the air-sea interface in the production of atmospheric organic aerosol from photosensitized origins.
C1 [Bernard, F.; Ciuraru, R.; Boreave, A.; George, C.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France.
[Bernard, F.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bernard, F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ciuraru, R.] Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR ECOSYS, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France.
RP George, C (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France.
EM Christian.George@ircelyon.univ-lyon1.fr
RI ciuraru, raluca/R-3403-2016; BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014
OI ciuraru, raluca/0000-0002-9995-3199; BERNARD,
Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167
FU European Research Council under the European Union/ERC [290852 - AIRSEA]
FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the
European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework
Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement 290852 - AIRSEA.
NR 63
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 27
U2 39
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 50
IS 16
BP 8678
EP 8686
DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b03520
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DT7GH
UT WOS:000381654600030
PM 27434860
ER
PT J
AU Shiino, T
Oh, SH
Haney, PM
Lee, SW
Go, G
Park, BG
Lee, KJ
AF Shiino, Takayuki
Oh, Se-Hyeok
Haney, Paul M.
Lee, Seo-Won
Go, Gyungchoon
Park, Byong-Guk
Lee, Kyung-Jin
TI Antiferromagnetic Domain Wall Motion Driven by Spin-Orbit Torques
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPINTRONICS; DYNAMICS
AB We theoretically investigate the dynamics of antiferromagnetic domain walls driven by spin-orbit torques in antiferromagnet-heavy-metal bilayers. We show that spin-orbit torques drive antiferromagnetic domain walls much faster than ferromagnetic domain walls. As the domain wall velocity approaches the maximum spin-wave group velocity, the domain wall undergoes Lorentz contraction and emits spin waves in the terahertz frequency range. The interplay between spin-orbit torques and the relativistic dynamics of antiferromagnetic domain walls leads to the efficient manipulation of antiferromagnetic spin textures and paves the way for the generation of high frequency signals from antiferromagnets.
C1 [Shiino, Takayuki; Park, Byong-Guk] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
[Oh, Se-Hyeok; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Nano Semicond & Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
[Haney, Paul M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Seo-Won; Go, Gyungchoon; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
[Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
RP Park, BG (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
EM bgpark@kaist.ac.kr; kj_lee@korea.ac.kr
RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010
OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266
FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2015M3D1A1070465,
2011-0027905, NRF-2014R1A2A1A11051344, 2013R1A1A2058046]
FX We acknowledge fruitful discussions with T. Ono, A. Manchon, J. Xiao, R.
Cheng, S. K. Kim, O. Tchernyshyov, O. A. Tretiakov, K.-W. Kim, and M. D.
Stiles. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF) (2015M3D1A1070465, 2011-0027905, NRF-2014R1A2A1A11051344,
2013R1A1A2058046).
NR 48
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 26
U2 34
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 117
IS 8
AR 087203
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.087203
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA DT5BO
UT WOS:000381495900004
PM 27588878
ER
PT J
AU Lamb, BK
Cambaliza, MOL
Davis, KJ
Edburg, SL
Ferrara, TW
Floerchinger, C
Heimburger, AME
Herndon, S
Lauvaux, T
Lavoie, T
Lyon, DR
Miles, N
Prasad, KR
Richardson, S
Roscioli, JR
Salmon, OE
Shepson, PB
Stirm, BH
Whetstone, J
AF Lamb, Brian K.
Cambaliza, Maria O. L.
Davis, Kenneth J.
Edburg, Steven L.
Ferrara, Thomas W.
Floerchinger, Cody
Heimburger, Alexie M. E.
Herndon, Scott
Lauvaux, Thomas
Lavoie, Tegan
Lyon, David R.
Miles, Natasha
Prasad, Kuldeep R.
Richardson, Scott
Roscioli, Joseph Robert
Salmon, Olivia E.
Shepson, P'aul B.
Stirm, Brian H.
Whetstone, James
TI Direct and Indirect Measurements and Modeling of Methane Emissions in
Indianapolis, Indiana
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; SYSTEMS
AB This paper describes process-based estimation of CH4 emissions from sources in Indianapolis, IN and compares these with atmospheric inferences of whole city emissions. Emissions from the natural gas distribution system were estimated from measurements at metering and regulating stations and from pipeline leaks. Tracer methods and inverse plume modeling were used to estimate emissions from the major landfill and wastewater treatment plant. These direct source measurements informed the compilation of a methane emission inventory for the city equal to 29 Gg/yr (5% to 95% confidence limits, 15 to 54 Gg/yr). Emission estimates for the whole city based on an aircraft mass balance method and from inverse modeling of CH4 tower observations were 41 +/- 12 Gg/yr and 81 +/- 11 Gg/yr, respectively. Footprint modeling using 11 days of ethane/methane tower data indicated that landfills, wastewater treatment, wetlands, and other biological sources contribute 48% while natural gas usage and other fossil fuel sources contribute 52% of the city total. With the biogenic CH4 emissions omitted, the top-down estimates are 3.5-6.9 times the nonbiogenic city inventory. Mobile mapping of CH4 concentrations showed low level enhancement of CH4 throughout the city reflecting diffuse natural gas leakage and downstream usage as possible sources for the missing residual in the inventory.
C1 [Lamb, Brian K.; Edburg, Steven L.] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Cambaliza, Maria O. L.; Heimburger, Alexie M. E.; Lavoie, Tegan; Salmon, Olivia E.; Shepson, P'aul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Cambaliza, Maria O. L.; Heimburger, Alexie M. E.; Lavoie, Tegan; Salmon, Olivia E.; Shepson, P'aul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Davis, Kenneth J.; Lauvaux, Thomas; Miles, Natasha; Richardson, Scott] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Ferrara, Thomas W.] GHD, Niagara Falls, NY 14304 USA.
[Floerchinger, Cody; Herndon, Scott; Roscioli, Joseph Robert] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Lyon, David R.] Environm Def Fund, Austin, TX 78701 USA.
[Prasad, Kuldeep R.; Whetstone, James] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stirm, Brian H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aviat & Transportat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Cambaliza, Maria O. L.] Ateneo Manila Univ, Dept Phys, Quezon City, Philippines.
RP Lamb, BK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM blamb@wsu.edu
FU EDF; NIST; Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation; Bill
and Susan Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation; Alfred
P. Sloan Foundation; Tomkat Charitable Trust; Walton Family Foundation
FX We thank Charlotte Beall, Chuck Boller, Keith Jaworski, John Katalinas,
Andrew Kisiel, Alex Krause, Alex Lambdin, Brandon Lawrence, John Monell,
Gina Scrocchi, and Steve Zimmerman for their assistance with the field
operations and data analysis. We also thank Kathryn McKain and Steven
Wofsy for discussions and comparisons with their work in Boston. We
thank EDF and NIST for financial support, and technical advice, and
Citizens Energy for access to sites for sampling. Funding for EDF's
methane research series, including portions of this work, is provided by
Fiona and Stan Druckenmiller, Heising-Simons Foundation, Bill and Susan
Oberndorf, Betsy and Sam Reeves, Robertson Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, the Tomkat Charitable Trust, and the Walton Family
Foundation.
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 19
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG 16
PY 2016
VL 50
IS 16
BP 8910
EP U530
DI 10.1021/acs.est.6b01198
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA DT7GH
UT WOS:000381654600055
PM 27487422
ER
PT J
AU Lefevre, J
Menkes, C
Bani, P
Marchesiello, P
Curci, G
Grell, GA
Frouin, R
AF Lefevre, Jerome
Menkes, Christophe
Bani, Philipson
Marchesiello, Patrick
Curci, Gabriele
Grell, Georg A.
Frouin, Robert
TI Distribution of sulfur aerosol precursors in the SPCZ released by
continuous volcanic degassing at Ambrym, Vanuatu
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Regional aerosol climatology; SPCZ dynamics; SO2 dispersal; Aerosol
modeling; Remote sensing; Volcanic plume impacts
ID SEA-SALT SULFATE; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE
MODEL; SOUTH-PACIFIC; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;
FRACTIONAL CLOUDINESS; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; RESIDENCE TIMES; IN-SITU
AB The Melanesian Volcanic Arc (MVA) emits about 12 kT d(-1) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the atmosphere from continuous passive (non-explosive) volcanic degassing, which contributes 20% of the global SO2 emission from volcanoes. Here we assess, from up-to-date and long-term observations, the SO2 emission of the Ambrym volcano, one of the dominant volcanoes in the MVA, and we investigate its role as sulfate precursor on the regional distribution of aerosols, using both satellite observations and model results at 1 x 1 spatial resolution from WRF-Chem/GOCART. Without considering aerosol forcing on clouds, our model parameterizations for convection, vertical mixing and cloud properties provide a reliable chemical weather representation, making possible a cross-examination of model solution and observations. This preliminary work enables the identification of biases and limitations affecting both the model (missing sources) and satellite sensors and algorithms (for aerosol detection and classification) and leads to the implementation of improved transport and aerosol processes in the modeling system. On the one hand, the model confirms a 50% underestimation of SO2 emissions due to satellite swath sampling of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), consistent with field studies. The OMI irregular sampling also produces a level of noise that impairs its monitoring capacity during short-term volcanic events. On the other hand, the model reveals a large sensitivity on aerosol composition and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) due to choices of both the source function in WRF-Chem and size parameters for sea-salt in FIexAOD, the post-processor used to compute offline the simulated AOD. We then proceed to diagnosing the role of SO2 volcanic emission in the regional aerosol composition. The model shows that both dynamics and cloud properties associated with the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) have a large influence on the oxidation of SO2 and on the transport pathways of volcanic species across the South Pacific atmosphere. For example, in the tropical cloudy air, the sulfate production in the aqueous phase is very efficient, resulting in the formation of a large cloud of highly scattering sulfate aerosols advected horizontally to Eastern Indonesia, in agreement with the AOD feature captured by MODIS/Aqua, but missed in CALIOP/CALIPSO (lidar) products. Model sensitivity experiments indicate that aerosol re-suspension due to evaporating droplets is a significant pathway for the supply of volcanic sulfur species in the remote marine boundary layer. By strongly modulating the irreversible loss due to wet scavenging, this aerosol process has a similar influence on the sulfur burden as natural emission from volcanoes or biogenic sources like dimethyl sulfate (DMS). The results emphasize the importance of MVA passive degassing and SPCZ dynamics on the aerosol background, and raise questions about potential impacts on the local climate and marine ecosystems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lefevre, Jerome] IRD, LEGOS MIO, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia.
[Menkes, Christophe] IRD, LOCEAN, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia.
[Bani, Philipson] IRD, LMV, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
[Marchesiello, Patrick] Univ Toulouse, IRD, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Curci, Gabriele] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, Dept Phys, Laquila, Italy.
[Grell, Georg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Frouin, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Lefevre, J (reprint author), IRD, Noumea Ctr, BP A5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia.
EM jerome.lefevre@ird.fr
RI Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; menkes, christophe/H-9085-2016;
OI Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; menkes,
christophe/0000-0002-1457-9696; Bani, Philipson/0000-0002-1041-2071
FU IRD; Agence National de la Recherche [ANR MC VULN 0002]; NASA
FX The authors appreciate the University of Miami Aerosol Group for
providing surface aerosols measurement data over the South Pacific and
thank J.M. Prospero for constructive comments on their data. We also
thank S.R. Freitas, P.I. of the preprocessor PREP-CHEM-SRC and for
providing various datasets compatible with the preprocessor used in this
study. We also thank the Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut
(KNMI) OMI team and the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information
Services Center for producing L2 OMI SO2 and MODIS
Aerosol/Cloud products and the NASA CALIPSO team for the online free
access to CALIPSO archives. We acknowledge the NCAR Earth System
Laboratory team for the production of MOZART data used in the chemical
forcing. Finally, we appreciate financial support from IRD and Agence
National de la Recherche (ANR MC VULN 0002) for the PC-Cluster of Noumea
that was used for our model simulations. R. Frouin is supported by the
NASA under various grants.
NR 132
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
EI 1872-6097
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 322
SI SI
BP 76
EP 104
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.07.018
PG 29
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA EB2MJ
UT WOS:000387196200007
ER
PT J
AU Hoth, GW
Pelle, B
Riedl, S
Kitching, J
Donley, EA
AF Hoth, Gregory W.
Pelle, Bruno
Riedl, Stefan
Kitching, John
Donley, Elizabeth A.
TI Point source atom interferometry with a cloud of finite size
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MATTER-WAVE INTERFEROMETRY
AB We demonstrate a two axis gyroscope by the use of light pulse atom interferometry with an expanding cloud of atoms in the regime where the cloud has expanded by 1.1-5 times its initial size during the interrogation. Rotations are measured by analyzing spatial fringe patterns in the atom population obtained by imaging the final cloud. The fringes arise from a correlation between an atom's initial velocity and its final position. This correlation is naturally created by the expansion of the cloud, but it also depends on the initial atomic distribution. We show that the frequency and contrast of these spatial fringes depend on the details of the initial distribution and develop an analytical model to explain this dependence. We also discuss several challenges that must be overcome to realize a high-performance gyroscope with this technique.
C1 [Hoth, Gregory W.; Pelle, Bruno; Riedl, Stefan; Kitching, John; Donley, Elizabeth A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hoth, GW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gregory.hoth@nist.gov
FU NIST, a U.S. Government Agency
FX This work was funded by NIST, a U.S. Government Agency, and this work is
not subject to copyright.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 109
IS 7
AR 071113
DI 10.1063/1.4961527
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA DW6UR
UT WOS:000383787400013
ER
PT J
AU Gayle, AJ
Cook, RF
AF Gayle, Andrew J.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Mapping viscoelastic and plastic properties of polymers and
polymer-nanotube composites using instrumented indentation
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE nanoindentation; polymer; composite
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOINDENTATION BEHAVIOR;
HALF-SPACE; BONE; LOAD; DISPERSION; INDENTER; NANOCOMPOSITES; RESPONSES
AB An instrumented indentation method is developed for generating maps of time-dependent viscoelastic and time-independent plastic properties of polymeric materials. The method is based on a pyramidal indentation model consisting of two quadratic viscoelastic Kelvin-like elements and a quadratic plastic element in series. Closed-form solutions for indentation displacement under constant load and constant loading-rate are developed and used to determine and validate material properties. Model parameters are determined by point measurements on common monolithic polymers. Mapping is demonstrated on an epoxy-ceramic interface and on two composite materials consisting of epoxy matrices containing multiwall carbon nanotubes. A fast viscoelastic deformation process in the epoxy was unaffected by the inclusion of the nanotubes, whereas a slow viscoelastic process was significantly impeded, as was the plastic deformation. Mapping revealed considerable spatial heterogeneity in the slow viscoelastic and plastic responses in the composites, particularly in the material with a greater fraction of nanotubes.
C1 [Gayle, Andrew J.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM robert.cook@nist.gov
FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program
FX This research was performed while AJG was initially an undergraduate
student volunteer researcher at NIST and subsequently a member of the
NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. The
authors thank APV Engineered Coatings and Arkema for assistance with
sample preparation and Drs. Doug Smith and Brian Bush of NIST for
experimental assistance. Certain commercial equipment, instruments or
materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not
imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified
are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 43
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 5
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0884-2914
EI 2044-5326
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 31
IS 15
BP 2347
EP 2360
DI 10.1557/jmr.2016.207
PG 14
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA DV4HR
UT WOS:000382887000017
PM 27563168
ER
PT J
AU Locker, SD
Reed, JK
Farrington, S
Harter, S
Hine, AC
Dunn, S
AF Locker, Stanley D.
Reed, John K.
Farrington, Stephanie
Harter, Stacey
Hine, Albert C.
Dunn, Shane
TI Geology and biology of the "Sticky Grounds", shelf-margin carbonate
mounds, and mesophotic ecosystem in the eastern Gulf of Mexico
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Mesophotic coral ecosystems; Carbonate mounds; Benthic habitat; Fish
assemblages; Sticky Grounds; Gulf of Mexico
ID OUTER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DROWNED BARRIER-ISLAND; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET;
DEEP-WATER HORIZON; LAST DEGLACIATION; TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES; FLORIDA
SHELF; EDGE DELTAS; CORAL; POPULATION
AB Shelf-margin carbonate mounds in water depths of 116-135 m in the eastern Gulf of Mexico along the central west Florida shelf were investigated using swath bathymetry, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom imaging, rock dredging, and submersible dives. These enigmatic structures, known to fisherman as the "Sticky Grounds", trend along slope, are 5-15 m in relief with base diameters of 5-30 m, and suggest widespread potential for mesophotic reef habitat along the west Florida outer continental shelf. Possible origins are sea-level lowstand coral patch reefs, oyster reefs, or perhaps more recent post-lowstand biohermal development. Rock dredging recovered bioeroded carbonate-rock facies comprised of bored and cemented bioclastics. Rock sample components included calcified worm tubes, pelagic sediment, and oysters normally restricted to brackish nearshore areas. Several reef sites were surveyed at the Sticky Grounds during a cruise in August 2010 with the RN Seward Johnson using the Johnson-Sea-Link II submersible to ground truth the swath-sonar maps and to quantify and characterize the benthic habitats, benthic macrofauna, fish populations, and coral/sponge cover. This study characterizes for the first time this mesophotic reef ecosystem and associated fish populations, and analyzes the interrelationships of the fish assemblages, benthic habitats and invertebrate biota. These highly eroded rock mounds provide extensive hard-bottom habitat for reef invertebrate species as well as essential fish habitat for reef fish and commercially/recreationally important fish species. The extent and significance of associated living resources with these bottom types is particularly important in light of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the northeastern Gulf and the proximity of the Loop Current. Mapping the distribution of these mesophotic-depth ecosystems is important for quantifying essential fish habitat and describing benthic resources. These activities can improve ecosystem management and planning of future oil and gas activities in this outer continental shelf region. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Locker, Stanley D.; Hine, Albert C.; Dunn, Shane] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Reed, John K.; Farrington, Stephanie] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1 North, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA.
[Harter, Stacey] NOAA Fisheries, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Locker, Stanley D.] US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Locker, SD (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.; Locker, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM slocker@usgs.gov; Jreed12@fau.edu; sfarrington@fau.edu;
stacey.harter@noaa.gov; hine@usf.edu; shanecdunn@yahoo.com
FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (NOAA OE award)
[NA09OAR4320073]; University of North Carolina at Wilmington; SRI
International; RSMAS at University of Miami
FX The initial discovery and mapping cruises were supported by the
Sustainable Seas Expedition and Florida Institute of Oceanography
through free shiptime on the R/V Bellows and R/V Suncoaster for acoustic
surveys and rock collection. Assistance by the crews of the Bellows and
Suncoaster is much appreciated. We gratefully acknowledge the NOAA
Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research, and Technology
(CIOERT) at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic
University (HBOI-FAU), and the crews of R/V Seward Johnson and
Johnson-Sea-Link II submersible of which this was the last expedition of
its long and illustrious life. CIOERT gratefully acknowledges its
co-sponsors and partners during the 2010 Oil Spill Expedition,
especially NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (NOAA OE award
NA09OAR4320073), University of North Carolina at Wilmington, SRI
International, and RSMAS at University of Miami. This is HBOI-FAU
Contribution Number 1983. Constructive reviews by 2 anonymous reviewers
and Ilsa Kuffner are greatly appreciated. Any use of trade names herein
was for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
NR 58
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U1 6
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
EI 1873-6955
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 125
BP 71
EP 87
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.06.015
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DU7SC
UT WOS:000382413900007
ER
PT J
AU Wang, YT
Castelao, RM
AF Wang, Yuntao
Castelao, Renato M.
TI Variability in the coupling between sea surface temperature and wind
stress in the global coastal ocean
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Air-sea interaction; Coupling coefficient; SST; SST gradient; Fronts;
Wind stress
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SOUTH ATLANTIC
BIGHT; WESTERN ARABIAN SEA; MESOSCALE EDDIES; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS;
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; TRANSITION ZONE; SEASONAL CYCLE
AB Mesoscale ocean-atmosphere interaction between sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress throughout the global coastal ocean was investigated using 7 years of satellite observations. Coupling coefficients between crosswind SST gradients and wind stress curl and between downwind SST gradients and wind stress divergence were used to quantify spatial and temporal variability in the strength of the interaction. The use of a consistent data set and standardized methods allow for direct comparisons between coupling coefficients in the different coastal regions. The analysis reveals that strong coupling is observed in many mid-latitude regions throughout the world, especially in regions with strong fronts like Eastern and Western Boundary Currents. Most upwelling regions in Eastern Boundary Currents are characterized by strong seasonal variability in the strength of the coupling, which generally peaks during summer in mid latitudes and during winter at low latitudes. Seasonal variability in coastal regions along Western Boundary Currents is comparatively smaller. Intraseasonal variability is especially important in regions of strong eddy activity (e.g., Western Boundary Currents), being particularly relevant for the coupling between crosswind SST gradients and wind stress curl. Results from the analysis can be used to guide modeling studies, since it allows for the a priori identification of regions in which regional models need to properly represent the ocean-atmosphere interaction to accurately represent local variability. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Yuntao; Castelao, Renato M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Marine Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Wang, Yuntao] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Castelao, RM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Marine Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM castelao@uga.edu
FU NASA's Ocean Vector Wind Science Team [NNX14AM70G]
FX We thank the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their
thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a greatly improved
manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge support by NASA's Ocean Vector
Wind Science Team (Grant NNX14AM70G).
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
EI 1873-6955
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 125
BP 88
EP 96
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2016.07.011
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA DU7SC
UT WOS:000382413900008
ER
PT J
AU Jung, H
Guo, X
Zhu, N
Papp, SB
Diddams, SA
Tang, HX
AF Jung, Hojoong
Guo, Xiang
Zhu, Na
Papp, Scott B.
Diddams, Scott A.
Tang, Hong X.
TI Phase-dependent interference between frequency doubled comb lines in a
chi((2)) phase-matched aluminum nitride microring
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERATION; CHIP; SPECTROSCOPY; GREEN; NM
AB Nonlinear optical conversion with frequency combs is important for self-referencing and for generating shorter wavelength combs. Here we demonstrate efficient frequency comb doubling through the combination of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) of an input comb with a high Q, phase-matched chi((2)) microring resonator. Phase coherence of the SHG and SFG nonlinear conversion processes is confirmed by sinusoidal phase-dependent interference between frequency doubled comb lines. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
C1 [Jung, Hojoong; Guo, Xiang; Zhu, Na; Tang, Hong X.] Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 15 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tang, HX (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 15 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM hong.tang@yale.edu
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Science
Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Science
Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
NR 17
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U1 2
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 41
IS 16
BP 3747
EP 3750
DI 10.1364/OL.41.003747
PG 4
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA DU1NZ
UT WOS:000381975900020
PM 27519079
ER
PT J
AU Lotufo, GR
Farrar, JD
Biedenbach, JM
Laird, JG
Krasnec, MO
Lay, C
Morris, JM
Gielazyn, ML
AF Lotufo, Guilherme R.
Farrar, J. Daniel
Biedenbach, James M.
Laird, Jennifer G.
Krasnec, Michelle O.
Lay, Claire
Morris, Jeffrey M.
Gielazyn, Michel L.
TI Effects of sediment amended with Deepwater Horizon incident slick oil on
the infaunal amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Oil spill; Chronic toxicity; Sediment; Gulf of Mexico; Deepwater
Horizon; Amphipod
ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; FIELD-COLLECTED SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE
AMPHIPOD; COASTAL WETLANDS; SPIKED SEDIMENT; ACUTE TOXICITY; SPILL;
REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; BIOASSAY
AB Crude oil released from the Deepwater Horizon disaster into the Gulf of Mexico posed potential impacts to infaunal invertebrates inhabiting near shore habitats. The effects of sediment-associated weathered slick oil on the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was assessed using 28-d exposures to total PAH sediment concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 24 mg/kg (sum of 50 PAHs or tPAH50). Survival and growth rate were significantly decreased in the 2.6,11.4 and 24.2 mg/kg treatments, but only growth in 5.5 mg/kg. Offspring production was dramatically decreased but was variable and significantly different only for 24.2 mg/kg. The concentrations associated with 20% decreases relative to reference were 1.05 (95% CI = 0-2.89) mg/kg tPAH50 for growth rate and 0.632 (95% CI = 0.11-2.15) mg/kg tPAH50 for offspring production. The concentrations of PAHs affecting amphipods are within the range of concentrations measured in marsh areas reportedly impacted by DWH oil after its release. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Lotufo, Guilherme R.; Farrar, J. Daniel; Biedenbach, James M.; Laird, Jennifer G.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
[Krasnec, Michelle O.; Lay, Claire; Morris, Jeffrey M.] Abt Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Gielazyn, Michel L.] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Lotufo, GR (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.
EM guilherme.lotufo@usace.army.mil
FU Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA)
FX The authors thank Ron Hall, Ian Lipton, Andrew McFadden and Mary
Huisenga for technical assistance with data collection and sampling
during experimentation. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Ocean Service staff and contractors reviewed the experimental
design and a draft of the manuscript. This work was supported by funds
provided as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) for
the DWH oil spill. Data presented here are a subset of a larger
toxicological database that is being generated as part of the Deepwater
Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Therefore, these data will
be subject to additional analysis and interpretation which may include
interpretation in the context of additional data not presented here.
Funding played no role in the design or interpretation of these data.
Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this
material.
NR 54
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 109
IS 1
BP 253
EP 258
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.073
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA DT7EP
UT WOS:000381650200040
PM 27267114
ER
EF