FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Obeng, Y Nolan, C Brown, D AF Obeng, Yaw Nolan, Colm Brown, David GP IEEE TI Hardware Security Through Chain Assurance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 DESIGN, AUTOMATION & TEST IN EUROPE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (DATE) SE Design, Automation, and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE) CY MAR 14-18, 2016 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Dresden, Cisco, DREWAG, Univ Frankfurt Main, Aeneas, imec, OFFIS, Penta, Systematic, Synopsys, Mentor Graph, XFAB, MathWorks, Imagination AB This paper examines the current issues pertaining to the hardware security and how they could affect the overall security of applications such as the internet of things. Specifically, we review the ongoing industry-led activities aimed at mitigating the hardware threats through supply chain assurance. The impact of emerging technologies on hardware-based needs, and the need for technical standards are discussed from brand owners' perspectives. The paper is illustrated with the ongoing work of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) Emerging Research Devices (ERD) hardware security working group, the counterfeit risk mitigation efforts from iNEMI, and the High-Density Package User Group (HDPUG), as well as published standards from SEMI and the Open Group. All these efforts are aimed at mitigating counterfeits in the electronics supply chain through product traceability and authentication. Finally, we will discuss how existing and emerging technologies can be used for product authentication throughout the supply chain. C1 [Obeng, Yaw] NIST, Engn Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nolan, Colm] IBM Corp, IBM House,Shelbourne Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Brown, David] Intel Corp, 2200 Mission Coll Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Obeng, Y (reprint author), NIST, Engn Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yaw.obeng@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-1591 BN 978-3-9815-3707-9 J9 DES AUT TEST EUROPE PY 2016 BP 1535 EP 1537 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF5WE UT WOS:000382679200287 ER PT S AU Simons, MT Gordon, JA Holloway, CL AF Simons, Matt T. Gordon, Joshua A. Holloway, Christopher L. BE Sadwick, LP Yang, T TI Atom-based RF electric field metrology above 100 GHz SO TERAHERTZ, RF, MILLIMETER, AND SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications IX CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Hubner GmbH & Co KG DE Autler-Townes; electric field metrology; electromagnetically-induced transparency; enhanced absorption; mm-wave; rydberg; SI traceability ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AB Atom-based radio-frequency (RF) electric field probes have the potential to improve electric field measurements for a broad range of frequencies (from a few GHz to 100s of GHz) and field strengths (mV/m to kV/m). For these probes to become a common measurement method, their range must be extended to high frequency (>100 GHz) and low field strength regimes. We present SI-traceable electric field measurements of RF fields above 100 GHz, using Autler-Townes splitting of Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency in a rubidium (Rb) vapor. We also demonstrate several techniques, including RF detuning from resonance and enhanced absorption, for increasing the probe sensitivity. C1 [Simons, Matt T.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Simons, MT (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.simons@nist.gov OI SIMONS, MATTHEW/0000-0001-9418-7520 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-982-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9747 AR UNSP 97471F DI 10.1117/12.2213415 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6CX UT WOS:000382984000033 ER PT S AU Lane, B Whitenton, E Moylan, S AF Lane, Brandon Whitenton, Eric Moylan, Shawn BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI Multiple Sensor Detection of Process Phenomena in Laser Powder Bed Fusion SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC DE laser powder bed fusion; additive manufacturing; thermography; photodetector ID QUALITY-CONTROL AB Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process in which a high power laser melts metal powder layers into complex, three-dimensional shapes. LPBF parts are known to exhibit relatively high residual stresses, anisotropic microstructure, and a variety of defects. To mitigate these issues, in-situ measurements of the melt-pool phenomena may illustrate relationships between part quality and process signatures. However, phenomena such as spatter, plume formation, laser modulation, and melt-pool oscillations may require data acquisition rates exceeding 10 kHz. This hinders use of relatively data-intensive, streaming imaging sensors in a real-time monitoring and feedback control system. Single-point sensors such as photodiodes provide the temporal bandwidth to capture process signatures, while providing little spatial information. This paper presents results from experiments conducted on a commercial LPBF machine which incorporated synchronized, in-situ acquisition of a thermal camera, high-speed visible camera, photodiode, and laser modulation signal during fabrication of a nickel alloy 625 AM part with an overhang geometry. Data from the thermal camera provides temperature information, the visible camera provides observation of spatter, and the photodiode signal provides high temporal bandwidth relative brightness stemming from the melt pool region. In addition, joint-time frequency analysis (JTFA) was performed on the photodiode signal. JTFA results indicate what digital filtering and signal processing are required to highlight particular signatures. Image fusion of the synchronized data obtained over multiple build layers allows visual comparison between the photodiode signal and relating phenomena observed in the imaging detectors. C1 [Lane, Brandon; Whitenton, Eric; Moylan, Shawn] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lane, B (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Brandon.lane@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 986104 DI 10.1117/12.2224390 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300004 ER PT S AU Whitenton, E Heigel, J Lane, B Moylan, S AF Whitenton, Eric Heigel, Jarred Lane, Brandon Moylan, Shawn BE Zalameda, JN Bison, P TI Assessing the use of an infrared spectrum hyperpixel array imager to measure temperature during additive and subtractive manufacturing SO THERMOSENSE: THERMAL INFRARED APPLICATIONS XXXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense - Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE, FLIR Syst Inc, IRCameras LLC DE hyperpixel array hyperspectral imager; thermography; additive manufacturing; 3D printing; subtractive manufacturing; machining; motion blur; metal parts AB Accurate non-contact temperature measurement is important to optimize manufacturing processes. This applies to both additive (3D printing) and subtractive (material removal by machining) manufacturing. Performing accurate single wavelength thermography suffers numerous challenges. A potential alternative is hyperpixel array hyperspectral imaging. Focusing on metals, this paper discusses issues involved such as unknown or changing emissivity, inaccurate greybody assumptions, motion blur, and size of source effects. The algorithm which converts measured thermal spectra to emissivity and temperature uses a customized multistep non-linear equation solver to determine the best-fit emission curve. Emissivity dependence on wavelength may be assumed uniform or have a relationship typical for metals. The custom software displays residuals for intensity, temperature, and emissivity to gauge the correctness of the greybody assumption. Initial results are shown from a laser powder-bed fusion additive process, as well as a machining process. In addition, the effects of motion blur are analyzed, which occurs in both additive and subtractive manufacturing processes. In a laser powder-bed fusion additive process, the scanning laser causes the melt pool to move rapidly, causing a motion blur-like effect. In machining, measuring temperature of the rapidly moving chip is a desirable goal to develop and validate simulations of the cutting process. A moving slit target is imaged to characterize how the measured temperature values are affected by motion of a measured target. C1 [Whitenton, Eric; Heigel, Jarred; Lane, Brandon; Moylan, Shawn] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Whitenton, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0102-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9861 AR UNSP 986106 DI 10.1117/12.2222575 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF6DU UT WOS:000382994300005 ER PT J AU Huffman, GJ Levizzani, V Ferraro, RR Turk, FJ Kidd, C AF Huffman, George J. Levizzani, Vincenzo Ferraro, Ralph R. Turk, F. Joseph Kidd, Christopher GP IEEE TI Requirements for a Robust Precipitation Constellation SO 2016 14TH SPECIALIST MEETING ON MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT (MICRORAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, URSI, Microwave Remote Sensing Ctr, Aalto Univ DE precipitation; satellite constellation; sensor characteristics; precipitation retrievals; intercalibration AB Over the last 15 years the constellation of satellites carrying passive microwave (PMW) sensors has grown to a mature collection of almost a dozen satellites at any given time. Increasingly, a broad range of science and user communities have come to depend on the quasi-global precipitation analyses that intercalibrate and merge these individual PMW precipitation data streams. At present, the constellation of precipitation-relevant conical and cross-track scanning multichannel PMW instruments depends on many satellites past their design life and in continued operation by the responsible agencies. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Water Strategy and subsequent discussions in Coordinating Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) and Committee on Earth Observing Systems (CEOS) have raised the issue of how a robust future precipitation constellation should be constructed. We discuss how retrievals are impacted by sensor resolution and channel diversity, the observation interval, and the use of a quasi-operational satellite precipitation radar for calibration. Specifically: 1) Sensor footprints larger than about 5-10 km start to introduce significant amounts of non-linearity in the retrievals, the so-called beam-filling problem. 2) Channel diversity has been shown to be necessary for covering the range of precipitation rates and types (liquid vs. solid). As well, diverse polarization at a given frequency is also important. 3) An observation interval less than three hours for every time around the day barely accommodates the required revist times for cloud-scale precipitating systems. 4) The precipitation radars on the precessing TRMM and GPM Core Observatory satellites have demonstrated the utility of routine calibration for precipitation estimates across all the PMW sensors (and in the case of GPM this is done for most of the Earth's climate zones). Such considerations are critical to the discussion on how to shift to a new, more diverse generation of precipitation-relevant sensors while preserving the characteristics that provide (and support continued innovation of) quality PMW retrievals and value-added products that many users find attractive. C1 [Huffman, George J.; Kidd, Christopher] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, ISAC, Bologna, Italy. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kidd, Christopher] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM george.j.huffman@nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2951-8 PY 2016 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF5QG UT WOS:000382491900009 ER PT S AU Chandrasekaran, J Ghandehari, LS Lei, Y Kacker, R Kuhn, DR AF Chandrasekaran, Jaganmohan Ghandehari, Laleh Sh. Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu Kuhn, D. Richard GP IEEE TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of BEN in Localizing Different Types of Software Fault SO 2016 IEEE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Software Testing Qualificat Board Inc DE fault-localization effectiveness; BEN; Combinatorial testing AB Debugging or fault localization is one of the most challenging tasks during software development. Many tools have been developed to reduce the amount of effort and time software developers have to spend on fault localization. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a fault localization tool called BEN in localizing different types of software fault. Assuming that combinatorial testing has been performed on the subject program, BEN leverages the result obtained from combinatorial testing to perform fault localization. Our evaluation focuses on impact of three properties of software fault on the effectiveness of BEN. The three properties include accessibility, input value sensitivity and control flow sensitivity. A random test set-based approach is used to measure the three properties. The experimental results suggest that BEN is more effective, respectively, in localizing faults of lower accessibility, input value-insensitive faults or control flow-insensitive faults than localizing faults of higher accessibility, input value-sensitive or control flow-sensitive faults in the subject programs. The insights obtained from our evaluation can be applied to other fault localization tools that are similar to BEN, and can be used to identify opportunities for further research on combinatorial testing-based fault localization. C1 [Chandrasekaran, Jaganmohan; Ghandehari, Laleh Sh.; Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu; Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandrasekaran, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-1-5090-3674-5 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2016 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2016.44 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF5QF UT WOS:000382490200006 ER PT S AU Kuhn, DR Hu, V Ferraiolo, DF Kacker, RN Lei, Y AF Kuhn, D. Richard Hu, Vincent Ferraiolo, David F. Kacker, Raghu N. Lei, Yu GP IEEE TI Pseudo-exhaustive Testing of Attribute Based Access Control Rules SO 2016 IEEE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Amer Software Testing Qualificat Board Inc DE access control; attribute based access control; combinatorial testing; t-way testing; test automation ID VERIFICATION AB Access control typically requires translating policies or rules given in natural language into a form such as a programming language or decision table, which can be processed by an access control system. Once rules have been described in machine-processable form, testing is necessary to ensure that the rules are implemented correctly. This paper describes an approach based on combinatorial test methods for efficiently testing access control rules, using the structure of attribute based access control (ABAC) to detect a large class of faults without a conventional test oracle. C1 [Kuhn, D. Richard; Hu, Vincent; Ferraiolo, David F.; Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Kuhn, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuhn@nist.gov; vhu@nist.gov; david.ferraiolo@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ylei@uta.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-1-5090-3674-5 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2016 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2016.35 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF5QF UT WOS:000382490200010 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Gerrits, T Verma, V Nam, SW Slattery, O Ma, LJ Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Gerrits, Thomas Verma, Varun Nam, Sae Woo Slattery, Oliver Ma, Lijun Tang, Xiao BE Hasan, ZU Hemmer, PR Lee, H Migdall, AL TI Characterization of type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion in domain-engineered PPLN SO ADVANCES IN PHOTONICS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication IX CY FEB 16-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE quantum optics; nonlinear optics; parametric processes; polarization entangled pair source; spontaneous parametric downconversion; entanglement ID ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; LINBO3 AB We characterize spontaneous parametric downconversion in a domain-engineered, type-II periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal using seeded emission and single-photon techniques. Using continuous-wave (CW) pumping at 775 nm wavelength, the signal and idler are at 1532.5 nm and 1567.5 nm, respectively. The domain-engineered crystal simultaneously phasematches signal and idler pairs: [H(1532.5 nm), V(1567.5 nm)] and [V(1532.5 nm), H(1567.5 nm)]. We observe the tuning curves of these processes through difference-frequency generation and through CW fiber assisted, single-photon spectroscopy. These measurements indicate good matching in amplitude and bandwidth of the two processes and that the crystal can in principle be used effectively to generate polarization-entangled photon pairs. C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerrits, Thomas; Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-997-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9762 AR 976211 DI 10.1117/12.2218535 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4TY UT WOS:000381703200012 ER PT S AU Lightstone, S Fink, M Moshary, F Gross, B AF Lightstone, Samuel Fink, Moshe Moshary, Fred Gross, Barry BE Henry, DJ Gosian, GJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Walls, TJ Young, DL TI Development of a real-time neural network estimator to improve defense capabilities of HEO satellites SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications XIII CY APR 18-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Thermal Signatures; Atmospheric Compensation AB The need to observe thermal targets from space is crucial for monitoring both natural events and hostile threats'. Satellite design must balance high spatial resolution with high sensitivity and multiple spectral channels(2). Defense satellites ultimately choose high sensitivity with a small number of spectral channels. This limitation makes atmospheric contamination due to water vapor a significant problem that cannot be determined from the satellite itself. Using a neural network (NN) approach in conjunction with real time measurements or model predictions of sounding data, we show that an accurate estimation of band radiation and band transmission can be computed in near real time. To demonstrate accuracy, we compare the neural network outputs to both model atmospheres as well as the Moths data for a suitable water vapor band. C1 [Lightstone, Samuel; Fink, Moshe; Moshary, Fred; Gross, Barry] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Dept Elect Engn, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lightstone, Samuel; Fink, Moshe; Moshary, Fred; Gross, Barry] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Lightstone, S (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Dept Elect Engn, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Lightstone, S (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0069-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9828 AR UNSP 98280G DI 10.1117/12.2220073 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BF6AT UT WOS:000382886000012 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Forbes, TP Staymates, ME Gillen, G AF Sisco, Edward Forbes, Thomas P. Staymates, Matthew E. Gillen, Greg TI Rapid analysis of trace drugs and metabolites using a thermal desorption DART-MS configuration SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; TIME MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; COUNTERFEIT AB The need to analyze trace narcotic samples rapidly for screening or confirmatory purposes is of increasing interest to the forensic, homeland security, and criminal justice sectors. This work presents a novel method for the detection and quantification of trace drugs and metabolites off of a swipe material using a thermal desorption direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (TD-DART-MS) configuration. A variation on traditional DART, this configuration allows for desorption of the sample into a confined tube, completely independent of the DART source, allowing for more efficient and thermally precise analysis of material present on a swipe. Over thirty trace samples of narcotics, metabolites, and cutting agents deposited onto swipes were rapidly differentiated using this methodology. The non-optimized method led to sensitivities ranging from single nanograms to hundreds of picograms. Direct comparison to traditional DART with a subset of the samples highlighted an improvement in sensitivity by a factor of twenty to thirty and an increase in reproducibility, measuring integrated area of the base peak, sample to sample from approximately 45% RSD to less than 15% RSD. Rapid extraction-less quantification was also possible. C1 [Sisco, Edward; Forbes, Thomas P.; Staymates, Matthew E.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.sisco@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 35 BP 6494 EP 6499 DI 10.1039/c6ay01851c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DV1IB UT WOS:000382673400003 ER PT J AU Dong, XY Fu, JS Huang, K Tong, D Zhuang, GS AF Dong, Xinyi Fu, Joshua S. Huang, Kan Tong, Daniel Zhuang, Guoshun TI Model development of dust emission and heterogeneous chemistry within the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system and its application over East Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERSTANDING INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; PENINSULAR SOUTHEAST-ASIA; YANGTZE-RIVER DELTA; MINERAL-DUST; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOIL PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; STORM PERIOD; AFRICAN DUST AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model has been further developed in terms of simulating natural wind-blown dust in this study, with a series of modifications aimed at improving the model's capability to predict the emission, transport, and chemical reactions of dust. The default parameterization of initial threshold friction velocity constants are revised to correct the double counting of the impact of soil moisture in CMAQ by the reanalysis of field experiment data; source-dependent speciation profiles for dust emission are derived based on local measurements for the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts in East Asia; and dust heterogeneous chemistry is also implemented. The improved dust module in the CMAQ is applied over East Asia for March and April from 2006 to 2010. The model evaluation result shows that the simulation bias of PM10 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) is reduced, respectively, from -55.42 and -31.97% by the original CMAQ to -16.05 and -22.1% by the revised CMAQ. Comparison with observations at the nearby Gobi stations of Duolun and Yulin indicates that applying a source-dependent profile helps reduce simulation bias for trace metals. Implementing heterogeneous chemistry also results in better agreement with observations for sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfate (SO42-), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxides (NOx), and nitrate (NO3-). The investigation of a severe dust storm episode from 19 to 21 March 2010 suggests that the revised CMAQ is capable of capturing the spatial distribution and temporal variation of dust. The model evaluation also indicates potential uncertainty within the excessive soil moisture used by meteorological simulation. The mass contribution of fine-mode particles in dust emission may be underestimated by 50 %. The revised CMAQ model provides a useful tool for future studies to investigate the emission, transport, and impact of wind-blown dust over East Asia and elsewhere. C1 [Dong, Xinyi; Fu, Joshua S.; Huang, Kan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tong, Daniel] NOAA, OAR, ARL, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, Daniel] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tong, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhuang, Guoshun] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Ctr Atmospher Chem Study, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Fu, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Fu, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jsfu@utk.edu RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568 FU NASA GSFC [NNX09AG75G]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41429501]; NASA ROSES grant [NNX13AO45G] FX We thank NASA GSFC (Grant No. NNX09AG75G) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41429501) for their funding support. D. Tong is also particularly grateful for his award of a NASA ROSES grant (NNX13AO45G). We would like to acknowledge Edward J. Hyer for providing biomass burning emission data, and we thank Keiichi Sato and Ayako Aoyagi from the Asia Center for Air Pollution Research for providing the EANET data. We would like to acknowledge George Lin of the National Central University for providing the AOD observations from Taiwan, and we would also like to acknowledge China MEP and Taiwan EPA for providing the observation data and thank NASA for providing the AERONET and MODIS data. We thank the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) for providing the computer sources for the model simulations used in this research. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 13 BP 8157 EP 8180 DI 10.5194/acp-16-8157-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9GQ UT WOS:000381091400007 ER PT J AU Jung, E Albrecht, BA Feingold, G Jonsson, HH Chuang, P Donaher, SL AF Jung, Eunsil Albrecht, Bruce A. Feingold, Graham Jonsson, Haflidi H. Chuang, Patrick Donaher, Shaunna L. TI Aerosols, clouds, and precipitation in the North Atlantic trades observed during the Barbados aerosol cloud experiment - Part 1: Distributions and variability SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SHALLOW CUMULUS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND CUMULUS; OCEAN; STRATOCUMULUS; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATIONS; ENERGY; RADAR AB Shallow marine cumulus clouds are by far the most frequently observed cloud type over the Earth's oceans; but they are poorly understood and have not been investigated as extensively as stratocumulus clouds. This study describes and discusses the properties and variations of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation associated with shallow marine cumulus clouds observed in the North Atlantic trades during a field campaign (Barbados Aerosol Cloud Experiment-BACEX, March-April 2010), which took place off Barbados where African dust periodically affects the region. The principal observing platform was the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter (TO) research aircraft, which was equipped with standard meteorological instruments, a zenith pointing cloud radar and probes that measured aerosol, cloud, and precipitation characteristics. The temporal variation and vertical distribution of aerosols observed from the 15 flights, which included the most intense African dust event during all of 2010 in Barbados, showed a wide range of aerosol conditions. During dusty periods, aerosol concentrations increased substantially in the size range between 0.5 and 10 mu m (diameter), particles that are large enough to be effective giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The 10-day back trajectories showed three distinct air masses with distinct vertical structures associated with air masses originating in the Atlantic (typical maritime air mass with relatively low aerosol concentrations in the marine boundary layer), Africa (Saharan air layer), and midlatitudes (continental pollution plumes). Despite the large differences in the total mass loading and the origin of the aerosols, the overall shapes of the aerosol particle size distributions were consistent, with the exception of the transition period. The TO was able to sample many clouds at various phases of growth. Maximum cloud depth observed was less than similar to 3 km, while most clouds were less than 1 km deep. Clouds tend to precipitate when the cloud is thicker than 500-600 m. Distributions of cloud field characteristics (depth, radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, precipitation) were well identified in the reflectivity-velocity diagram from the cloud radar observations. Two types of precipitation features were observed for shallow marine cumulus clouds that may impact boundary layer differently: first, a classic cloud-base precipitation where precipitation shafts were observed to emanate from the cloud base; second, cloud-top precipitation where precipitation shafts emanated mainly near the cloud tops, sometimes accompanied by precipitation near the cloud base. The second type of precipitation was more frequently observed during the experiment. Only 42-44% of the clouds sampled were non-precipitating throughout the entire cloud layer and the rest of the clouds showed precipitation somewhere in the cloud, predominantly closer to the cloud top. C1 [Jung, Eunsil; Albrecht, Bruce A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chuang, Patrick] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Donaher, Shaunna L.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Jung, E (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eunsil.jung@gmail.com RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU ONR [N000140810465]; NOAA's Climate Goal FX We thank all individuals who made the observations on the CIRPAS Twin Otter during BACEX. We thank Joseph M. Prospero (University of Miami) for providing dust surface data and he and his staff for establishing and maintaining the Ragged Point AERONET sites used in this investigation. Jung and Albrecht are funded by ONR Grant N000140810465. Feingold acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. Eunsil Jung thanks Robert Seigel (publiscize.com) for scrutinizing an early stage of the manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and comprehensive comments on the manuscript. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 13 BP 8643 EP 8666 DI 10.5194/acp-16-8643-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9GQ UT WOS:000381091400037 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Downing, JM Engmann, S Herzing, AA DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ Mukherjee, S Ade, H Abdelsamie, M Jagadamma, LK Amassian, A Liu, YH Yan, H AF Ro, Hyun Wook Downing, Jonathan M. Engmann, Sebastian Herzing, Andrew A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Richter, Lee J. Mukherjee, Subhrangsu Ade, Harald Abdelsamie, Maged Jagadamma, Lethy K. Amassian, Aram Liu, Yuhang Yan, He TI Morphology changes upon scaling a high-efficiency, solution-processed solar cell SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; HETEROJUNCTION; PHOTOVOLTAICS; PERFORMANCE; POLYMERS; MODULES; DEVICE; LAYERS; STABILITY AB Solution processing via roll-to-roll (R2R) coating promises a low cost, low thermal budget, sustainable revolution for the production of solar cells. Poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3 ''' di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2 ''; 5 '',2 '''-quaterthiophen-5,5-diyl)], PffBT4T-2OD, has recently been shown to achieve high power conversion efficiency (>10%) paired with multiple acceptors when thick films are spun-coat from hot solutions. We present detailed morphology studies of PffBT4T-2OD based bulk heterojunction films deposited by the volume manufacturing compatible techniques of blade-coating and slot-die coating. Significant aspects of the film morphology, the average crystal domain orientation and the distribution of the characteristic phase separation length scales, are remarkably different when deposited by the scalable techniques vs. spun-coat. Yet, we find that optimized blade-coated devices achieve PCE > 9.5%, nearly the same as spun-coat. These results challenge some widely accepted propositions regarding what is an optimal BHJ morphology and suggest the hypothesis that diversity in the morphology that supports high performance may be a characteristic of manufacturable systems, those that maintain performance when coated thicker than approximate to 200 nm. In situ measurements reveal the key differences in the solidification routes for spin-and blade-coating leading to the distinct film structures. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Downing, Jonathan M.; Engmann, Sebastian; Herzing, Andrew A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ro, Hyun Wook] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mukherjee, Subhrangsu; Ade, Harald] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Organ & Carbon Elect Lab ORaCEL, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Abdelsamie, Maged; Jagadamma, Lethy K.; Amassian, Aram] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, KAUST Solar Ctr KSC, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Abdelsamie, Maged; Jagadamma, Lethy K.; Amassian, Aram] Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Liu, Yuhang; Yan, He] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP DeLongchamp, DM; Richter, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Ade, H (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Organ & Carbon Elect Lab ORaCEL, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Amassian, A (reprint author), King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, KAUST Solar Ctr KSC, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia.; Amassian, A (reprint author), Div Phys Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia.; Yan, H (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov; hwade@nscu.edu; aram.amassian@kaust.edu.sa; hyan@ust.hk RI kj, lethy/M-7362-2016; Mukherjee, Subhrangsu/J-6600-2015; OI Mukherjee, Subhrangsu/0000-0002-5479-3750; Yan, He/0000-0003-1780-8308 FU NIST-NRC postdoctoral fellowship; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB15H079]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX J. D. acknowledges support of a NIST-NRC postdoctoral fellowship. H. W. R. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under financial assistance awards 70NANB15H079. X-ray characterization and analysis by NCSU was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Contract DE-FG02-98ER45737. X-ray data was acquired at beamlines 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. E. Schaible, C. Zhu, A. Hexemer, C. Wang, and A. Young of the ALS (DOE) assisted with the measurements and provided instrument maintenance. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 30 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 9 BP 2835 EP 2846 DI 10.1039/c6ee01623e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DV2JI UT WOS:000382746300011 ER PT J AU Denno, P Kim, DB AF Denno, Peter Kim, Duck Bong TI Integrating views of properties in models of unit manufacturing processes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE modelling methodology; predictive models; design of experiments; unit manufacturing processes; ontologies AB This paper investigates the potential advantages and difficulties of integrating predictive model equations in models of unit manufacturing processes. The method described uses metamodels and semantic web technology to relate equations, as objects, to downstream activities. The potential advantages of this include enhanced knowledge refinement and reuse, traceability, model verification and agility in production activities. In an example usage, the authors apply the method to the development and downstream usage of predictive models of a selective laser sintering process. Use of equations as objects enables linking them with supporting evidence, property definitions and dimensions in an engineering notebook paradigm. Model-based interpretation of the equations enables composition in trade studies and mapping to downstream process parameter optimisation. C1 [Denno, Peter; Kim, Duck Bong] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Denno, P (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.denno@nist.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X EI 1362-3052 J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2016 VL 29 IS 9 BP 996 EP 1006 DI 10.1080/0951192X.2015.1130259 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA DU9AB UT WOS:000382507500005 ER PT J AU Cloteaux, B AF Cloteaux, Brian TI FAST SEQUENTIAL CREATION OF RANDOM REALIZATIONS OF DEGREE SEQUENCES SO INTERNET MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGER PARTITIONS; MAJORIZATION; GRAPHS AB We examine the problem of creating random realizations of very large degree sequences. Although fast in practice, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for selecting a realization has limited usefulness for creating large graphs because of memory constraints. Instead, we focus on sequential importance sampling (SIS) schemes for random graph creation. A difficulty with SIS schemes is assuring that they terminate in a reasonable amount of time. We introduce a new sampling method by which we guarantee termination while achieving speed comparable to the MCMC method. C1 [Cloteaux, Brian] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, 100 Bur Dr M-S 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cloteaux, B (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr M-S 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.cloteaux@nist.gov OI Cloteaux, Brian/0000-0002-6177-9850 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1542-7951 EI 1944-9488 J9 INTERNET MATH JI Internet Math. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 3 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1080/15427951.2016.1164768 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA DT2LX UT WOS:000381312900002 PM 27499709 ER PT J AU Strelcov, E Yang, SM Jesse, S Balke, N Vasudevan, RK Kalinin, SV AF Strelcov, Evgheni Yang, Sang Mo Jesse, Stephen Balke, Nina Vasudevan, Rama K. Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Solid-state electrochemistry on the nanometer and atomic scales: the scanning probe microscopy approach SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE SWITCHING MEMORIES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; LI ION BATTERIES; IN-SITU; FORCE MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS AB Energy technologies of the 21st century require an understanding and precise control over ion transport and electrochemistry at all length scales - from single atoms to macroscopic devices. This short review provides a summary of recent studies dedicated to methods of advanced scanning probe microscopy for probing electrochemical transformations in solids at the meso-, nano- and atomic scales. The discussion presents the advantages and limitations of several techniques and a wealth of examples highlighting peculiarities of nanoscale electrochemistry. C1 [Strelcov, Evgheni] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Strelcov, Evgheni] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yang, Sang Mo; Jesse, Stephen; Balke, Nina; Vasudevan, Rama K.; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yang, Sang Mo; Jesse, Stephen; Balke, Nina; Vasudevan, Rama K.; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Balke, Nina/Q-2505-2015 OI Balke, Nina/0000-0001-5865-5892 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, DOE Office of Science User Facility; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX This research was in part sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (RKV, SVK). Research was supported (SMY, SJ) by and conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. ES acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 173 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 27 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 29 BP 13838 EP 13858 DI 10.1039/c6nr01524g PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DT9JJ UT WOS:000381815000003 PM 27146961 ER PT J AU Wang, L Han, J Sundahl, B Thornton, S Zhu, YQ Zhou, RP Jaye, C Liu, HQ Li, ZQ Taylor, GT Fischer, DA Appenzeller, J Harrison, RJ Wong, SS AF Wang, Lei Han, Jinkyu Sundahl, Bryan Thornton, Scott Zhu, Yuqi Zhou, Ruiping Jaye, Cherno Liu, Haiqing Li, Zhuo-Qun Taylor, Gordon T. Fischer, Daniel A. Appenzeller, Joerg Harrison, Robert J. Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Ligand-induced dependence of charge transfer in nanotube-quantum dot heterostructures SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SOLAR-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; NEXAFS; HYBRID; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB As a model system to probe ligand-dependent charge transfer in complex composite heterostructures, we fabricated double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT)-CdSe quantum dot (QD) composites. Whereas the average diameter of the QDs probed was kept fixed at similar to 4.1 nm and the nanotubes analyzed were similarly oxidatively processed, by contrast, the ligands used to mediate the covalent attachment between the QDs and DWNTs were systematically varied to include p-phenylenediamine (PPD), 2-aminoethane-thiol (AET), and 4-aminothiophenol (ATP). Herein, we have put forth a unique compilation of complementary data from experiment and theory, including results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical transport measurements, and theoretical modeling studies, in order to fundamentally assess the nature of the charge transfer between CdSe QDs and DWNTs, as a function of the structure of various, intervening bridging ligand molecules. Specifically, we correlated evidence of charge transfer as manifested by changes and shifts associated with NEXAFS intensities, Raman peak positions, and threshold voltages both before and after CdSe QD deposition onto the underlying DWNT surface. Importantly, for the first time ever in these types of nanoscale composite systems, we have sought to use theoretical modeling to justify and account for our experimental results. Our overall data suggest that (i) QD coverage density on the DWNTs varies, based upon the different ligand pendant groups used and that (ii) the presence of a pi-conjugated carbon framework within the ligands themselves coupled with the electron affinity of their pendant groups collectively play important roles in the resulting charge transfer from QDs to the underlying CNTs. C1 [Wang, Lei; Liu, Haiqing; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Han, Jinkyu; Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Div, Bldg 180, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sundahl, Bryan; Thornton, Scott; Harrison, Robert J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Adv Computat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhu, Yuqi; Zhou, Ruiping; Appenzeller, Joerg] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhu, Yuqi; Zhou, Ruiping; Appenzeller, Joerg] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Li, Zhuo-Qun; Taylor, Gordon T.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Harrison, Robert J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Wong, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Div, Bldg 180, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM stanislaus.wong@stonybrook.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. DOE [DE-SC-00112704]; New York State; IACS endowment fund; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ACI-1216644]; NSF MRI grant [OCE-1336724] FX Research support for LW, JH, YZ, RZ, HL, JA, and SSW was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NEXAFS experiments were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Lab, which is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-SC-00112704. DFT results in this manuscript are based in part upon work performed at the Institute for Advanced Computational Science, SUNY Stony Brook with support from New York State and the IACS endowment fund. RJH also acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award number ACI-1216644. Raman data were acquired at SBU's Nano-Raman Molecular Imaging Laboratory (NARMIL), established with NSF MRI grant OCE-1336724. Certain commercial names used herein are for illustrative purposes only, and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 34 BP 15553 EP 15570 DI 10.1039/c6nr03091b PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DU2PO UT WOS:000382053300016 PM 27368081 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Urbas, A Gonzalez-Bonet, A Sheridan, RJ Seppala, JE Beers, KL Sun, JR AF Yang, Yin Urbas, Aaron Gonzalez-Bonet, Andres Sheridan, Richard J. Seppala, Jonathan E. Beers, Kathryn L. Sun, Jirun TI A composition-controlled cross-linking resin network through rapid visible-light photo-copolymerization SO POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-CONTROLLED POLYMERS; LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; DENTAL RESINS; REACTIVITY RATIOS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION KINETICS; BIS-GMA; MONOMERS; STYRENE; CONVERSION AB An assembly that delivers well-defined functional materials, clinically practical procedures to make these materials in situ, and appropriate analytical tools for chemical structure and kinetic studies is desirable, though currently unavailable. Herein, we introduce a system that addresses this need through the development and characterization of a cross-linking resin network, which is achieved through rapid, visible-light induced polymerization in a solvent-free environment. This resin network is the result of co-polymerization of a distyrenyl-monomer with a dimethacryl-monomer. Ninety percent of vinyl conversion is achieved in seconds. In addition, an azeotropic composition is identified and confirmed through static end-point evaluation, sol-gel experiment, kinetic study, and mathematical modeling of data acquired via FTIR, real-time Raman and H-1 NMR spectroscopies. These results yield opportunities for the design and development of new functional materials to be used in various applications. C1 [Yang, Yin; Gonzalez-Bonet, Andres; Sun, Jirun] NIST, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Urbas, Aaron] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat & Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sheridan, Richard J.; Seppala, Jonathan E.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat & Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, JR (reprint author), NIST, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jsun@nist.gov OI Sheridan, Richard/0000-0002-8944-8076 FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [U01DE023752]; ADA Foundation FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE023752). Financial support was also provided through the ADA Foundation. The authors would like to thank Drs Rafael Bowen, Drago Skrtic and Joseph Antonucci for their technical recommendations. We also would like to thank the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for their technical support. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9954 EI 1759-9962 J9 POLYM CHEM-UK JI Polym. Chem. PY 2016 VL 7 IS 31 BP 5023 EP 5030 DI 10.1039/c6py00606j PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DT4AK UT WOS:000381422100005 ER PT S AU Yu, XN Zhang, Y Patel, A Zahrai, A Weber, M AF Yu, Xining Zhang, Yan Patel, Ankit Zahrai, Allan Weber, Mark BE Ranney, KI Doerry, A TI An Implementation of Real-Time Phased Array Radar Fundamental Functions on DSP-Focused, High Performance Embedded Computing Platform SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XX CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB This paper investigates the feasibility of real-time, multiple channel processing of a digital phased array system backend design, with focus on high-performance embedded computing (HPEC) platforms constructed based on general purpose digital signal processor (DSP). Serial RapidIO (SRIO) is used as inter-chip connection backend protocol to support the inter-core communications and parallelisms. Performance benchmark was obtained based on a SRIO system chassis and emulated configuration similar to a field scale demonstrator of Multi-functional Phased Array Radar (MPAR). An interesting aspect of this work is comparison between "raw and low-level" DSP processing and emerging tools that systematically take advantages of the parallelism and multi-core capability, such as OpenCL and OpenMP. Comparisons with other backend HPEC solutions, such as FPGA and GPU, are also provided through analysis and experiments. C1 [Yu, Xining; Zhang, Yan; Patel, Ankit] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, IART, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yu, Xining; Zhang, Yan; Patel, Ankit] Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zahrai, Allan; Weber, Mark] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yu, XN (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, IART, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Yu, XN (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0070-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9829 AR UNSP 982913 DI 10.1117/12.2224058 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BF5QW UT WOS:000382503800032 ER PT S AU Deshpande, M Mukhopadhyay, P Masutani, M Ma, ZZ Riishojgaard, LP Hardesty, M Emmitt, D Krishnamurti, TN Goswami, BN AF Deshpande, Medha Mukhopadhyay, P. Masutani, Michiko Ma, Zaizhong Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Hardesty, Michael Emmitt, Dave Krishnamurti, T. N. Goswami, B. N. BE Krishnamurti, TN Rajeevan, MN TI Analysis and Evaluation of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) forecast data for Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions VI CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE OSSE; Indian Summer Monsoon ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; MESOSCALE-MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; IMPACT; REANALYSIS; ACCURACY; ERROR; SKILL; HEAT AB An attempt is made here to evaluate the skill of forecast during boreal summer monsoon regime over the Indian region using the Observation Simulation System Experiment (OSSE) with Doppler Wind LIDAR (DWL) onboard International Space Station (ISS), assimilated in the initial condition. Through various techniques such as pattern correlation, root mean square error etc, we found that there is some positive impact of assimilating the DWL data on the forecast particularly at the lower tropospheric level. Impact on lowering the RMSE is seen for wind fields in the 850 and 500 hPa over Indian domain but not much impact is seen over larger domain. The moisture field and cloud also show marginal impact due to assimilation of DWL. This indicates that possibly due to lower spatial resolution of DWL data and more data gap over Indian and surrounding oceanic region, the impact on forecast is less. However, it shows the promise that monsoon being a convectively coupled system; increase in spatial data by DWL may better resolve the low level wind and subsequently the low level shear which is important for convection trigger in boundary layer. C1 [Deshpande, Medha; Mukhopadhyay, P.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 4111008, Maharashtra, India. [Masutani, Michiko; Ma, Zaizhong; Hardesty, Michael] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Krishnamurti, T. N.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Goswami, B. N.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Deshpande, M (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 4111008, Maharashtra, India. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0123-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9882 AR 98821P DI 10.1117/12.2223656 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF4TP UT WOS:000381693500030 ER PT S AU Masutani, M AF Masutani, Michiko BE Krishnamurti, TN Rajeevan, MN TI Recent results and proposed Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) to link Research and Operation SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND INTERACTIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Interactions VI CY APR 04-07, 2016 CL Indian Soc Remote Sensing, New Delhi, INDIA SP SPIE, Indian Space Res Org, Minist Earth Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm HO Indian Soc Remote Sensing DE OSSE; O2R; R2O; DWL; GOES-R; PCW; Geostorm AB Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE)s are a challenge to operational weather services, because many of the efforts offer long-term rather than short-term benefits. Effective interaction between Research and Operation (R2O and O2R) is required for successful OSSE. First concept and procedures of OSSE are describer. Overview of OSSEs accomplished at NOAA/NCEP and JCSDA in recent years will be presented. Further proposed OSSEs are also presented. C1 [Masutani, Michiko] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, NOAA,NCEP,EMC,JCSDA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Masutani, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, NOAA,NCEP,EMC,JCSDA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0123-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9882 AR 98820A DI 10.1117/12.2223930 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF4TP UT WOS:000381693500006 ER PT J AU Iglesias-Rodriguez, MD Fabricius, KE McElhany, P AF Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. Debora Fabricius, Katharina E. McElhany, Paul BE Solan, M Whiteley, NM TI Ecological effects of ocean acidification SO STRESSORS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES, SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; EXPERIMENTAL CORAL-REEF; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; REDUCED CALCIFICATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN C1 [Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. Debora] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Fabricius, Katharina E.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, PMB 3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [McElhany, Paul] NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Iglesias-Rodriguez, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 192 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-871882-6 PY 2016 BP 195 EP 212 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718826.001.0001 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BF5MF UT WOS:000382276100012 ER PT J AU Gilbert-Horvath, EA Pipal, KA Spence, BC Williams, TH Garza, JC AF Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A. Pipal, Kerrie A. Spence, Brian C. Williams, Thomas H. Garza, John Carlos TI Hierarchical Phylogeographic Structure of Coho Salmon in California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH POPULATIONS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; F-STATISTICS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; PACIFIC SALMON AB Evaluation of population genetic structure and variation is an important part of planning for the recovery and management of protected species. Data from 18 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the phylogeographic structure of protected Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from populations throughout California. Fish from 30 locations in two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) representing most of the extant populations in the state were studied. Multiple analyses indicated a hierarchical pattern of population structure: the greatest divergence was found at the broadest geographic scale (ESU), followed by the divergences between basins and populations within basins. The populations of the large Klamath River basin were consistently identified as a distinct phylogenetic group, nearly as divergent from all other populations as the two ESUs were from each other. All populations in different basins were differentiated from each other and a pattern of isolation by distance was found at a California-wide scale, but not at smaller spatial scales. Similarly, most individuals were accurately assigned to their population of origin, and almost all misassignments were to an adjacent or geographically proximal basin, indicating that there is substantial gene flow within each region but much less between regions. The number of parents contributing to each population was highly variable and reflected larger patterns of genetic variation, which was found to be generally higher in the southerly, low-elevation coastal populations than in the northern, interior, higher-elevation populations. The results strongly support the current boundary between the two ESU regions, and the detailed understanding of phylogeographic structure provided here will help to guide the management and recovery of Coho Salmon at the southern end of their geographic range. C1 [Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov FU California Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Restoration Grant Program FX We thank E. Anderson, D. Pearse, S. Hayes, and D. Hedgecock for insightful discussion, comments, and observations. In addition, we thank S. Blankenship, A. Brand, A. Clemento, C. Dean, A. Martinez, and C. Ryals for assistance with collection of the genetic data; H. Davis for assistance with the geographic distances; and M. Chaney, D. Dunkell, H. Fish, J. Goin, and E. Jeffers for assistance with sample collection. We thank the following collaborators for providing access to or collecting samples for this effort: the Bureau of Land Management, California Department of Fish and Game/Wildlife, Campbell Global, Marin Municipal Water District, Mattole Salmon Group, Mendocino Redwood Company, Pacific Lumber Company, Sanctuary Forest, Simpson Timber, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Geological Survey-Humboldt State University Cooperative, U.S. National Park Service, and the Yurok Tribe. This work was partially funded by the California Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Restoration Grant Program. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 5 BP 1122 EP 1138 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1201003 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV2KU UT WOS:000382750200017 ER PT J AU Simpson, CA Wilberg, MJ Bi, HS Schueller, AM Nesslage, GM Walsh, HJ AF Simpson, Cara A. Wilberg, Michael J. Bi, Hongsheng Schueller, Amy M. Nesslage, Genevieve M. Walsh, Harvey J. TI Trends in Relative Abundance and Early Life Survival of Atlantic Menhaden during 1977-2013 from Long-Term Ichthyoplankton Programs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; LARVAL TRANSPORT; CHESAPEAKE BAY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SAMPLING DESIGNS; DELAWARE BAY; TAG RETURNS; FISH; RECRUITMENT AB The Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, a commercially important clupeid, supports one of the oldest and largest commercial fisheries on the U.S. East Coast. Despite recent increases in adult biomass, juvenile indices have declined coastwide and have remained particularly low in Chesapeake Bay. In order to understand the underlying causes of this decline, knowledge of larval recruitment is essential. We developed an index of larval abundance by using larval data collected from two large-scale ichthyoplankton sampling programs that occurred from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, during 1977-1987 and 1999-2013. Larval abundance data were standardized to a day-0 age by applying an age-length key from a study of larval ingress into Chesapeake Bay; a delta-lognormal model was used to account for spatial and temporal changes in sampling. We found that Atlantic Menhaden larval abundance increased from 1977 to 2013 and was highest in the winter; most individuals were detected at nearshore stations. Over our time series, larval abundance corresponded closely to adult spawning stock biomass. Due to the lack of a direct relationship between our larval abundance estimates and a coastwide juvenile index, we examined several environmental factors (temperature, Chesapeake Bay discharge, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation [AMO], wind speed, and wind direction) for potential effects on the relative survival of larvae. Larval abundance had a significant negative effect on relative survival. Temperature and to a lesser extent wind speed and AMO appeared to exert the greatest effects on the early life survival of Atlantic Menhaden: cooler temperatures, intermediate wind speeds, and negative-phase AMO were the most favorable for survival. Our findings suggest that the observed reduction in recruitment is not a problem of larval supply but rather is limited by survival between the larval and juvenile stages. C1 [Simpson, Cara A.; Wilberg, Michael J.; Bi, Hongsheng; Nesslage, Genevieve M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Schueller, Amy M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Walsh, Harvey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Oceanog Branch, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Wilberg, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM wilberg@umces.edu RI Nesslage, Genevieve/E-4137-2015 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Fisheries and the Environment program FX The present research was conducted with funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Fisheries and the Environment program. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. This is Contribution 5202 of the Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1151 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1201004 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DV2KU UT WOS:000382750200018 ER PT B AU Richardson, CJ Bruland, GL Hanchey, MF Sutton-Grier, AE AF Richardson, Curtis J. Bruland, Gregory L. Hanchey, Matthew F. Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. BE Vepraskas, MJ Craft, CB TI Soil Restoration: The Foundation of Successful Wetland Reestablishment SO WETLAND SOILS: GENESIS, HYDROLOGY, LANDSCAPES, AND CLASSIFICATION, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIC-MATTER AMENDMENTS; PAIRED NATURAL WETLANDS; FRESH-WATER WETLAND; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCY; SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA; PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; RIVERINE WETLANDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES C1 [Richardson, Curtis J.; Hanchey, Matthew F.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bruland, Gregory L.] Principia Coll, Biol & Nat Resources Dept, Elsah, IL USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Richardson, CJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-9800-0; 978-1-4398-9698-3 PY 2016 BP 469 EP 493 PG 25 WC Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BF4SQ UT WOS:000381642700020 ER PT J AU Pyle, RL Kosaki, RK AF Pyle, Richard L. Kosaki, Randall K. TI Prognathodes basabei, a new species of butterflyfish (Perciformes, Chaetodontidae) from the Hawaiian Archipelago SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem; Closed-Circuit Rebreather; Endemic; Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument ID BIOGEOGRAPHY; POMACANTHIDAE; BIODIVERSITY; TELEOSTEI; EVOLUTION; TAXONOMY; PACIFIC AB A new species of the butterflyfish genus Prognathodes is described from specimens collected at a depth of 55-61 m off Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This species has been observed by mixed-gas divers and from submersibles at depths ranging from 45-187 m throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago, with shallower sightings in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and deeper in the Main Hawaiian Islands. It is similar to P. guezei (Mauge and Bauchot 1976) from the western Indian Ocean, and at least one other undescribed species of Prognathodes from Palau, differing from these species in the number of soft dorsal-fin rays, size of head, and body depth. There are also differences in the life color, and a substantial genetic difference from the Palauan species (d = .08 in mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I). C1 [Pyle, Richard L.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Kosaki, Randall K.] NOAA, Papahanaumokuakea Marine Natl Monument, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Pyle, RL (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM deepreef@bishopmuseum.org FU Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory; Association for Marine Exploration; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program research grants [NA05OAR4301108, NA09OAR4300219, HC07-11, HC08-06]; NOAA's National Ocean Service; NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument FX We are particularly grateful to Peter K. Basabe for enabling the collection of the first specimen of this species. E. H. "Deetsie" Chave was instrumental in the original discovery and documentation of this species. We also thank Roger Pfeffer, Joseph Dituri, John L. Earle, and Jennifer Williams for their respective roles in support of deep rebreather diving operations from 1998 through 2005 on which individuals of P. basabei were observed or collected. Kelly Gleason, Jason Leonard, Brian Hauk, Daniel Wagner, Keo Lopes, Stephen Matadobra, Hadley Owen, Louise Giuseffi, Elizabeth Kehn, Sarah Harris, and the officers and crew of NOAA ship Hi'ialakai assisted with NWHI dive ope-rations. Joshua M. Copus provided the DNA Barcodes and performed the genetic analysis. Greg McFall of the NOAA Diving Center kindly allowed us to include his photo represented here as Figure 3. Brian W. Bowen, John E. Randall, Helen A. Randall, and Neal L. Evenhuis reviewed this manuscript and provided very helpful and constructive suggestions for improvement. Observations and collection of specimens of P. basabei off O'ahu were supported by the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory, the Association for Marine Exploration, and funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program research grants program administered by HURL under award NA05OAR4301108 and NA09OAR4300219, project numbers HC07-11 and HC08-06. Observations and collection of specimens of P. basabei in the NWHI were funded by NOAA's National Ocean Service, and taxonomic work was supported through a grant from the NOAA Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument to Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Research was conducted under Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument permits PMNM-2009-38 and PMNM-2015-029 to Randall Kosaki. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by NOAA. This work is Contribution No. 2016-015 to the Hawaii Biological Survey. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2016 IS 614 BP 137 EP 152 DI 10.3897/zookeys.614.10200 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DU8EQ UT WOS:000382446500009 PM 27667937 ER PT S AU Cole, GD Zhang, W Bjork, BJ Follman, D Heu, P Deutsch, C Sonderhouse, L Franz, C Alexandrovski, A Heckl, OH Ye, J Aspelmeyer, M AF Cole, G. D. Zhang, W. Bjork, B. J. Follman, D. Heu, P. Deutsch, C. Sonderhouse, L. Franz, C. Alexandrovski, A. Heckl, O. H. Ye, J. Aspelmeyer, M. BE Vizgaitis, JN Andresen, BF Marasco, PL Sanghera, JS Snyder, MP TI Low-loss crystalline coatings for the near- and mid-infrared SO ADVANCED OPTICS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS: UV THROUGH LWIR SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optics for Defense Applications - UV through LWIR CY APR 17-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE absorption; aluminum gallium arsenide; distributed Bragg reflectors; epitaxial layer transfer; interference coatings; mid-infrared; optical resonators; thermal noise ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTORS; DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS; OPTICAL COATINGS; MECHANICAL LOSS; GAAS; NOISE; REDUCTION; LASER AB Substrate-transferred crystalline coatings have recently emerged as a groundbreaking new concept in optical interference coatings. Building upon our initial demonstration of this technology, we have recently realized significant improvements in the limiting optical performance of these novel single-crystal GaAs/AlGaAs multilayers. In the near-infrared (NIR), for center wavelengths spanning 1064 to 1560 nm, we have reduced the excess optical losses (scatter + absorption) to less than 5 ppm, enabling the realization of a cavity finesse exceeding 300,000 at the telecom-relevant wavelength range near 1550 nm. Moreover, we demonstrate the direct measurement of sub-ppm optical absorption at 1064 nm. Concurrently, we investigate the mid-IR (MIR) properties of these coatings and observe exceptional performance for first attempts in this important wavelength region. Specifically, we verify excess losses at the hundred ppm level for wavelengths of 3300 and 3700 nm. Taken together, our NIR optical losses are now fully competitive with ion beam sputtered films, while our first prototype MIR optics have already reached state-of-the-art performance levels for reflectors covering the important fingerprint region for optical gas sensing. Thus, mirrors fabricated via this technique exhibit the lowest mechanical loss (and thus Brownian noise), the highest thermal conductivity, and, potentially, the widest spectral coverage of any "supermirror"technology, owing to state-of-the art levels of scatter and absorption losses in both the near and mid IR, all in a single material platform. Looking ahead, we see a bright future for crystalline coatings in applications requiring the ultimate levels of optical, thermal, and optomechanical performance. C1 [Cole, G. D.; Follman, D.; Heu, P.] Crystalline Mirror Solut LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Cole, G. D.; Deutsch, C.] Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Zhang, W.; Bjork, B. J.; Sonderhouse, L.; Heckl, O. H.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, W.; Bjork, B. J.; Sonderhouse, L.; Heckl, O. H.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Franz, C.; Alexandrovski, A.] Stanford Photothermal Solut, Pahoa, HI 96778 USA. [Aspelmeyer, M.] Univ Vienna, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Cole, GD (reprint author), Crystalline Mirror Solut LLC, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.; Cole, GD (reprint author), Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. EM g.cole@crystallinemirrors.com RI Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0063-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9822 AR UNSP 98220Y DI 10.1117/12.2234740 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF5NT UT WOS:000382320500031 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Trainer, M de Gouw, JA Parrish, DD Fahey, DW Ravishankara, AR Middlebrook, AM Brock, CA Roberts, JM Brown, SS Neuman, JA Lerner, BM Lack, D Law, D Hubler, G Pollack, I Sjostedt, S Ryerson, TB Gilman, JB Liao, J Holloway, J Peischl, J Nowak, JB Aikin, KC Min, KE Washenfelder, RA Graus, MG Richardson, M Markovic, MZ Wagner, NL Welti, A Veres, PR Edwards, P Schwarz, JP Gordon, T Dube, WP McKeen, SA Brioude, J Ahmadov, R Bougiatioti, A Lin, JJ Nenes, A Wolfe, GM Hanisco, TF Lee, BH Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Thornton, JA Keutsch, FN Kaiser, J Mao, JQ Hatch, CD AF Warneke, Carsten Trainer, Michael de Gouw, Joost A. Parrish, David D. Fahey, David W. Ravishankara, A. R. Middlebrook, Ann M. Brock, Charles A. Roberts, James M. Brown, Steven S. Neuman, Jonathan A. Lerner, Brian M. Lack, Daniel Law, Daniel Hubler, Gerhard Pollack, Iliana Sjostedt, Steven Ryerson, Thomas B. Gilman, Jessica B. Liao, Jin Holloway, John Peischl, Jeff Nowak, John B. Aikin, Kenneth C. Min, Kyung-Eun Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Graus, Martin G. Richardson, Mathew Markovic, Milos Z. Wagner, Nick L. Welti, Andre Veres, Patrick R. Edwards, Peter Schwarz, Joshua P. Gordon, Timothy Dube, William P. McKeen, Stuart A. Brioude, Jerome Ahmadov, Ravan Bougiatioti, Aikaterini Lin, Jack J. Nenes, Athanasios Wolfe, Glenn M. Hanisco, Thomas F. Lee, Ben H. Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Thornton, Joel A. Keutsch, Frank N. Kaiser, Jennifer Mao, Jingqiu Hatch, Courtney D. TI Instrumentation and measurement strategy for the NOAA SENEX aircraft campaign as part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ENHANCED ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING MODULE; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NI-PT-CIMS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES AB Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeastern US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the southeastern US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day-and nighttime flights in the southeastern US as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions. C1 [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Neuman, Jonathan A.; Lerner, Brian M.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Hubler, Gerhard; Pollack, Iliana; Sjostedt, Steven; Gilman, Jessica B.; Liao, Jin; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Nowak, John B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Graus, Martin G.; Richardson, Mathew; Markovic, Milos Z.; Wagner, Nick L.; Welti, Andre; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter; Gordon, Timothy; Dube, William P.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Brioude, Jerome; Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Warneke, Carsten; Trainer, Michael; de Gouw, Joost A.; Parrish, David D.; Fahey, David W.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Brock, Charles A.; Roberts, James M.; Brown, Steven S.; Neuman, Jonathan A.; Lerner, Brian M.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Hubler, Gerhard; Pollack, Iliana; Sjostedt, Steven; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Liao, Jin; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Nowak, John B.; Aikin, Kenneth C.; Min, Kyung-Eun; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Graus, Martin G.; Richardson, Mathew; Markovic, Milos Z.; Wagner, Nick L.; Welti, Andre; Veres, Patrick R.; Edwards, Peter; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Gordon, Timothy; Dube, William P.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Brioude, Jerome; Ahmadov, Ravan] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Lin, Jack J.; Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.; Hanisco, Thomas F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Lee, Ben H.; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.; Kaiser, Jennifer] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hatch, Courtney D.] Hendrix Coll, Dept Chem, 1600 Washington Ave, Conway, AR USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Athens, Greece. [Nenes, Athanasios] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Ravishankara, A. R.; Pollack, Iliana] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nowak, John B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Min, Kyung-Eun] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Gwangju, South Korea. [Graus, Martin G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, Innsbruck, Austria. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Edwards, Peter] Univ York, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thornton, Joel A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Kaiser, Jennifer] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Lin, Jack Jie/0000-0002-4453-1263; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948 FU US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540601]; NOAA OGP; EPA STAR; NASA ESSF grant [NNX14AK97H] FX The US Weather Research Program within NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality supported S. McKeen and R. Ahmadov. We are grateful M. Dumas (NOAA Holling' s Scholar), D. Hughes, and A. Jaksich from Hendrix College for their help with the iWAS2 measurements. Participation of ISAF was enabled by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant 83540601. A. Bougiatioti, J. J. Lin, A. Nenes, and J. Kaiser. acknowledge support from NOAA OGP and EPA STAR. JK acknowledges support from NASA ESSF grant NNX14AK97H. NR 105 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 17 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3063 EP 3093 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100007 ER PT J AU Hernandez, M Perring, AE McCabe, K Kok, G Granger, G Baumgardner, D AF Hernandez, Mark Perring, Anne E. McCabe, Kevin Kok, Greg Granger, Gary Baumgardner, Darrel TI Chamber catalogues of optical and fluorescent signatures distinguish bioaerosol classes SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL; AIRBORNE BACTERIA; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; POLLEN; PARTICLES; RELEASE; ASTHMA; FOREST; SENSOR; UVAPS AB Rapid bioaerosol characterization has immediate applications in the military, environmental and public health sectors. Recent technological advances have facilitated single-particle detection of fluorescent aerosol in near real time; this leverages controlled ultraviolet exposures with single or multiple wavelengths, followed by the characterization of associated fluorescence. This type of ultraviolet induced fluorescence has been used to detect airborne microorganisms and their fragments in laboratory studies, and it has been extended to field studies that implicate bioaerosol to compose a substantial fraction of supermicron atmospheric particles. To enhance the information yield that new-generation fluorescence instruments can provide, we report the compilation of a referential aerobiological catalogue including more than 50 pure cultures of common airborne bacteria, fungi and pollens, recovered at water activity equilibrium in a mesoscale chamber (1 m(3)). This catalogue juxtaposes intrinsic optical properties and select bandwidths of fluorescence emissions, which manifest to clearly distinguish between major classes of airborne microbes and pollens. C1 [Hernandez, Mark] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perring, Anne E.] NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perring, Anne E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCabe, Kevin] Columbia George Community Coll, Dept Sci, 400 East Scen Dr, The Dalles, OR 97058 USA. [Kok, Greg; Granger, Gary; Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, 2545 Cent Ave, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mark.hernandez@colorado.edu RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; FU National Science Foundation, Division of Bioenvironmental Sciences [BES 1134594]; Droplet Measurement Technologies, Research and Development group; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX This work is the result of a collaboration of senior instrument developers, agency researchers and academics in the form of an interagency, university-industry cooperative. It was funded in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Division of Bioenvironmental Sciences (BES 1134594), and by in-kind contributions from Droplet Measurement Technologies, Research and Development group. Salary support for A. Perring was from the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3283 EP 3292 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3283-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100020 ER PT J AU Bali, M Mittaz, JP Maturi, E Goldberg, MD AF Bali, Manik Mittaz, Jonathan P. Maturi, Eileen Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Comparisons of IASI-A and AATSR measurements of top-of-atmosphere radiance over an extended period SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT AB This study examines the trustworthiness of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASIA), as on-orbit reference instruments that are useful in recalibrating the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) series (Mittaz and Harris, 2011). To do this, a 39-month period (1 January 2008 to 31 March 2011) of AATSR and IASI-A inter-comparisons of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance measurements is examined. Our inter-comparison reveals features of the AATSR and IASI-A bias with respect to scan angle, scene temperature, time and orbital maneuvers, and gives insight into their trustworthiness as an in-orbit reference instruments. The first feature that our study reveals is that the AATSR (nadir view) and IASI-A are both stable (have no perceptible trends in the period of study). The second feature is that IASI-A is perhaps more accurate (similar to 0.05 K) than its stated accuracy (0.5 K). In fact the AATSR and IASI-A bias is close to the AATSR pre-launch bias (plus a small offset of +0.07 K) implying that IASI-A can get close to pre-launch levels of accuracy. Third, a very small scan angular dependence of AATSR and IASI-A bias indicates that the IASI-A response vs. scan angle algorithm is robust, while the instrument is in orbit. \ Inter-comparisons of AATSR with IASI-A further reveal the impact of orbital maneuvers of the ENVISAT, the platform carrying AATSR, done in October 2011 and not anticipated previously. Our study reveals that this maneuver introduced a temperature-dependent bias in the AATSR measurements for low temperatures (<240 K) in the period following this maneuver (Cocevar et al., 2011). Our study also shows that the known AATSR 12 mu m channel offset is in fact temperature dependent, grows up to 0.4 K, varies seasonally and is correlated with instrument temperature and cannot be corrected by shifting the spectral response function (SRF) of AATSR. We also present a set of recommendations to help identify the parameters under which these instruments can provide the most trustworthy observations for the AVHRR recalibration. C1 [Bali, Manik] Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mittaz, Jonathan P.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Maturi, Eileen; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Bali, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM manik.bali@noaa.gov RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Bali, Manik/J-7518-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3325 EP 3336 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3325-2016 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100023 ER PT J AU Eckert, E Laeng, A Lossow, S Kellmann, S Stiller, G von Clarmann, T Glatthor, N Hopfner, M Kiefer, M Oelhaf, H Orphal, J Funke, B Grabowski, U Haenel, F Linden, A Wetzel, G Woiwode, W Bernath, PF Boone, C Dutton, GS Elkins, JW Engel, A Gille, JC Kolonjari, F Sugita, T Toon, GC Walker, KA AF Eckert, E. Laeng, A. Lossow, S. Kellmann, S. Stiller, G. von Clarmann, T. Glatthor, N. Hoepfner, M. Kiefer, M. Oelhaf, H. Orphal, J. Funke, B. Grabowski, U. Haenel, F. Linden, A. Wetzel, G. Woiwode, W. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. Dutton, G. S. Elkins, J. W. Engel, A. Gille, J. C. Kolonjari, F. Sugita, T. Toon, G. C. Walker, K. A. TI MIPAS IMK/IAA CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) measurements: accuracy, precision and long-term stability SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; VERTICAL PROFILES; STR MEASUREMENTS; OZONE LOSS; ILAS-II; VALIDATION; SPECTROMETER AB Profiles of CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) aboard the European satellite Envisat have been retrieved from versions MIPAS/4.61 to MI-PAS/4.62 and MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 level-1b data using the scientific level-2 processor run by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA). These profiles have been compared to measurements taken by the balloon-borne cryosampler, Mark IV (MkIV) and MIPAS-Balloon (MIPAS-B), the airborne MIPAS-STRatospheric aircraft (MIPAS-STR), the satellite-borne Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), as well as the ground-based Halocarbon and other Atmospheric Trace Species (HATS) network for the reduced spectral resolution period (RR: January 2005-April 2012) of MIPAS. ACE-FTS, MkIV and HATS also provide measurements during the high spectral resolution period (full resolution, FR: July 2002-March 2004) and were used to validate MIPAS CFC-11 and CFC-12 products during that time, as well as profiles from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, ILAS-II. In general, we find that MIPAS shows slightly higher values for CFC-11 at the lower end of the profiles (below similar to 15 km) and in a comparison of HATS ground-based data and MIPAS measurements at 3 km below the tropopause. Differences range from approximately 10 to 50 pptv (similar to 5-20 %) during the RR period. In general, differences are slightly smaller for the FR period. An indication of a slight high bias at the lower end of the profile exists for CFC-12 as well, but this bias is far less pronounced than for CFC-11 and is not as obvious in the relative differences between MIPAS and any of the comparison instruments. Differences at the lower end of the profile (below similar to 15 km) and in the comparison of HATS and MIPAS measurements taken at 3 km below the tropopause mainly stay within 10-50 pptv (corresponding to similar to 2-10% for CFC-12) for the RR and the FR period. Between similar to 15 and 30 km, most comparisons agree within 10-20 pptv (10-20 %), apart from ILAS-II, which shows large differences above similar to 17 km. Overall, relative differences are usually smaller for CFC-12 than for CFC-11. For both species -CFC-11 and CFC-12 - we find that differences at the lower end of the profile tend to be larger at higher latitudes than in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, MIPAS profiles have a maximum in their mixing ratio around the tropopause, which is most obvious in tropical mean profiles. Comparisons of the standard deviation in a quiescent atmosphere (polar summer) show that only the CFC-12 FR error budget can fully explain the observed variability, while for the other products (CFC-11 FR and RR and CFC-12 RR) only two-thirds to three-quarters can be explained. Investigations regarding the temporal stability show very small negative drifts in MIPAS CFC-11 measurements. These instrument drifts vary between similar to 1 and 3% decade(-1). For CFC-12, the drifts are also negative and close to zero up to similar to 30 km. Above that altitude, larger drifts of up to similar to 50% decade(-1) appear which are negative up to similar to 35 km and positive, but of a similar magnitude, above. C1 [Eckert, E.; Laeng, A.; Lossow, S.; Kellmann, S.; Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hoepfner, M.; Kiefer, M.; Oelhaf, H.; Orphal, J.; Grabowski, U.; Haenel, F.; Linden, A.; Wetzel, G.; Woiwode, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Boone, C.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Dutton, G. S.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dutton, G. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmosphare & Umwelt, Frankfurt, Germany. [Gille, J. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gille, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kolonjari, F.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sugita, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Eckert, E (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM ellen.eckert@kit.edu FU DLR [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; EU-project RECONCILE [15 226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1]; BMBF-project ENVIVAL-Life (DLR grant) [50EE0841]; European Space Agency (ESA); German Aerospace Center (DLR); CNRS (Centre National de la Recherch-eScientifique); CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales); Ministry of the Environment of Japan FX The retrievals of IMK/IAA were partly performed on the HP XC4000 of the Scientific Supercomputing Center (SSC), Karlsruhe, under project grant MIPAS. IMK data analysis was supported by DLR under contract number 50EE0901. MIPAS level 1B data were provided by ESA. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Data collection and analysis of MIPAS-STR data used here were supported by the EU-project RECONCILE (grant no. 15 226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1) and the BMBF-project ENVIVAL-Life (DLR grant no. 50EE0841). Balloon flights and data analysis of MIPAS-B data used here were supported by the European Space Agency (ESA), the German Aerospace Center (DLR), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherch-eScientifique) and CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). The ILAS-ll project was funded by Ministry of the Environment of Japan. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 3355 EP 3389 DI 10.5194/amt-9-3355-2016 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DS9HQ UT WOS:000381094100025 ER PT S AU Lingaraju, NB Shuai, YC Lawall, J AF Lingaraju, Navin B. Shuai, Yichen Lawall, John BE ChangHasnain, CJ Fattal, D Koyama, F Zhou, W TI Cavity Optomechanics with 2D Photonic Crystal Membrane Reflectors SO HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures V CY FEB 17-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE high contract gratings; cavity optomechanics; silicon nitride AB Membranes made from silicon nitride have significantly higher mechanical Q-factors under tensile stress than those made of other dielectric materials. This makes them ideal candidates for membrane reflectors that provide high finesse in Fabry-Perot cavities or membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical systems. Building on our previous work with one-dimensional gratings on suspended membranes, we patterned two-dimensional photonic crystal gratings on monolithic, suspended membranes made from silicon nitride. These high-Q membranes exhibited high reflectivity, upwards of 99%, over several nanometers in the telecom band. To probe their optical response in a cavity environment, we used these membrane reflectors as the moving mirror in a Fabry-Perot cavity. We were able to realize cavities with a finesse of over 4,500. C1 [Lingaraju, Navin B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lingaraju, Navin B.; Shuai, Yichen] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lingaraju, Navin B.; Shuai, Yichen; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lingaraju, NB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Lingaraju, NB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Lingaraju, NB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM navin.lingaraju@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-992-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9757 AR 97570T DI 10.1117/12.2211820 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4TW UT WOS:000381698900011 ER PT J AU Laufkotter, C Vogt, M Gruber, N Aumont, O Bopp, L Doney, SC Dunne, JP Hauck, J John, JG Lima, ID Seferian, R Volker, C AF Laufkotter, Charlotte Vogt, Meike Gruber, Nicolas Aumont, Olivier Bopp, Laurent Doney, Scott C. Dunne, John P. Hauck, Judith John, Jasmin G. Lima, Ivan D. Seferian, Roland Volker, Christoph TI Projected decreases in future marine export production: the role of the carbon flux through the upper ocean ecosystem SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL DESCRIPTION; PHYTOPLANKTON; 21ST-CENTURY; COMMUNITY; AGGREGATION; SYSTEMS; SINKING; CMIP5 AB Accurate projections of marine particle export production (EP) are crucial for predicting the response of the marine carbon cycle to climate change, yet models show a wide range in both global EP and their responses to climate change. This is, in part, due to EP being the net result of a series of processes, starting with net primary production (NPP) in the sunlit upper ocean, followed by the formation of particulate organic matter and the subsequent sinking and remineralisation of these particles, with each of these processes responding differently to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we compare future projections in EP over the 21st century, generated by four marine ecosystem models under the high emission scenario Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and determine the processes driving these changes. The models simulate small to modest decreases in global EP between -1 and -12 %. Models differ greatly with regard to the drivers causing these changes. Among them, the formation of particles is the most uncertain process with models not agreeing on either magnitude or the direction of change. The removal of the sinking particles by remineralisation is simulated to increase in the low and intermediate latitudes in three models, driven by either warming-induced increases in remineralisation or slower particle sinking, and show insignificant changes in the remaining model. Changes in ecosystem structure, particularly the relative role of diatoms matters as well, as diatoms produce larger and denser particles that sink faster and are partly protected from remineralisation. Also this controlling factor is afflicted with high uncertainties, particularly since the models differ already substantially with regard to both the initial (presentday) distribution of diatoms (between 11-94% in the Southern Ocean) and the diatom contribution to particle formation (0.6-3.8 times higher than their contribution to biomass). As a consequence, changes in diatom concentration are a strong driver for EP changes in some models but of low significance in others. Observational and experimental constraints on ecosystem structure and how the fixed carbon is routed through the ecosystem to produce export production are urgently needed in order to improve current generation ecosystem models and their ability to project future changes. C1 [Laufkotter, Charlotte; Vogt, Meike; Gruber, Nicolas] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bopp, Laurent] CEA UVSQ CNRS, IPSL, LSCE, UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Doney, Scott C.; Lima, Ivan D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hauck, Judith; Volker, Christoph] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Laufkotter, Charlotte] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aumont, Olivier] Ctr IRD Bretagne, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Seferian, Roland] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. RP Volker, C (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. EM c.laufkoetter@gmail.com RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Voelker, Christoph /I-7891-2012; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Voelker, Christoph /0000-0003-3032-114X; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Laufkotter, Charlotte/0000-0001-5738-1121 FU European Community [238366]; ETH Zurich; Helmholtz Post-Doc Programme (Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association); National Science Foundation through the Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (C-MORE), an NSF Science and Technology Center [EF-0424599] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 238366. Meike Vogt and Nicolas Gruber acknowledge funding by ETH Zurich. Judith Hauck was funded by the Helmholtz Post-Doc Programme (Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association). Scott C. Doney and Ivan D. Lima acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through the Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education (C-MORE), an NSF Science and Technology Center (EF-0424599). We thank the climate modelling groups for calculating and providing their model output. We also acknowledge the Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project, and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provided coordinating support and led the development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 13 BP 4023 EP 4047 DI 10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016 PG 25 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DS9JW UT WOS:000381099900013 ER PT S AU Park, H LeBrun, TW AF Park, Haesung LeBrun, Thomas W. BE Gluckstad, J Andrews, DL Galvez, EJ TI Measurement and accumulation of electric charge on a single dielectric particle trapped in air SO COMPLEX LIGHT AND OPTICAL FORCES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Complex Light and Optical Forces CY FEB 16-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, ICOAM DE Optical levitation; contact electrification; electrostatic modulation; parametric force analysis; arbitrary force measurement; microparticles; optical tweezers; optical trapping; nonlinear dynamics ID OPTICAL TWEEZERS AB Normally occurring charges on small particles provide a means to control the motion of the particles. Using a piezoelectric transducer to launch microparticles into a trap, we can vary particle-surface interactions to transfer charge to the particle via contact electrification. This allows more detailed studies of contact electrification itself as well generation of higher charge states for precision measurements of force or nonlinear dynamics using electric field modulation. In practice, particles may be repeatedly landed on the substrate and relaunched during loading. This leads to charge transfer so that the net charge on the polystyrene (PS) particle becomes sufficient to allow electrostatic forcing to drive ballistic motion over a range of displacement two orders of magnitude greater than thermal fluctuations. An increase in charge from 1000 to 3000 electrons is demonstrated and the induced motion of the trapped particle is accurately described using simple classical mechanics in phase space. C1 [Park, Haesung; LeBrun, Thomas W.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP LeBrun, TW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lebrun@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-999-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9764 AR UNSP 97640L DI 10.1117/12.2213055 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF5EO UT WOS:000381932900013 ER PT S AU Podobedov, VB Eppeldauer, GP Hanssen, LM Larason, TC AF Podobedov, Vyacheslav B. Eppeldauer, George P. Hanssen, Leonard M. Larason, Thomas C. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Hanson, CM Norton, PR TI Calibration of spectral responsivity of IR detectors in the range from 0.6 mu m to 24 mu m SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XLII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42 Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XLII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE IR spectral responsivity; detector; radiant power; irradiance; calibration; radiometry ID SCALE AB We report the upgraded performance of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) facility for spectral responsivity calibrations of infrared (IR) detectors in both radiant power and irradiance measurement modes. The extension of the wavelength range of the previous scale, below 0.8 mu m and above 19 mu m in radiant power mode as well as above 5.3 mu m in irradiance mode, became available as a result of multiple improvements. The calibration facility was optimized for low-level radiant flux. A significantly reduced noise-equivalent-power and a relatively constant spectral response were achieved recently on newly developed pyroelectric detectors. Also, an efficient optical geometry was developed for calibration of the spectral irradiance responsivity without using an integrating sphere. Simultaneously, the upgrade and maintenance of the NIST transfer standards, with an extended spectral range, were supported by spectral reflectance measurements of a transfer standard pyroelectric detector using a custom integrating sphere and a Fourier transform spectrometer. The sphere reflectance measurements performed in a relative mode were compared to a bare gold-coated mirror reference, separately calibrated at the Fourier transform Infrared Spectrophotometry facility to 18 mu m. Currently, the reflectance data for the pyroelectric standard, available in the range up to 30 mu m, are supporting the absolute power responsivity scale by the propagation of the reflectance curve to the absolute tie-spectrum in the overlapping range. Typical examples of working standard pyroelectric-, Si-, MCT-, InSb- and InGaAs- detectors are presented and their optimal use for scale dissemination is analyzed. C1 [Podobedov, Vyacheslav B.; Eppeldauer, George P.; Hanssen, Leonard M.; Larason, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vyacheslav.podobedov@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0060-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9819 AR 98190P DI 10.1117/12.2228384 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF4JD UT WOS:000381071600024 ER PT S AU Cunningham, PD Lane, PA Melinger, JS Esenturk, O Heilweil, EJ AF Cunningham, Paul D. Lane, Paul A. Melinger, Joseph S. Esenturk, Okan Heilweil, Edwin J. BE Anwar, MF Crowe, TW Manzur, T TI Probing Charge Transfer and Hot Carrier Dynamics in Organic Solar Cells with Terahertz Spectroscopy SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS X: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems X - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 17-19, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE terahertz spectroscopy; carrier dynamics; organic solar cells ID POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; TRANSFER EXCITONS; TRANSFER STATES; SEMICONDUCTORS; GENERATION; ENERGY; FILM AB Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS) was used to explore charge generation, transfer, and the role of hot carriers in organic solar cell materials. Two model molecular photovoltaic systems were investigated: with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) or alpha-sexathiophene (alpha-6T) as the electron donors and buckminsterfullerene (C-60) as the electron acceptor. TRTS provides charge carrier conductivity dynamics comprised of changes in both population and mobility. By using time-resolved optical spectroscopy in conjunction with TRTS, these two contributions can be disentangled. The sub-picosecond photo-induced conductivity decay dynamics of C-60 were revealed to be caused by auto-ionization: the intrinsic process by which charge is generated in molecular solids. In donor-acceptor blends, the long-lived photo-induced conductivity is used for weight fraction optimization of the constituents. In nanoscale multi layer films, the photo-induced conductivity identifies optimal layer thicknesses. In films of ZnPc/C-60, electron transfer from ZnPc yields hot charges that localize and become less mobile as they theunalize. Excitation of high-lying Franck Condon states in C-60 followed by hole-transfer to ZnPc similarly produces hot charge carriers that self-localize; charge transfer clearly precedes carrier cooling. This picture is contrasted to charge transfer in alpha-6T/C-60, where hole transfer takes place from a theunalized state and produces equilibrium carriers that do not show characteristic signs of cooling and self-localization. These results illustrate the value of terahertz spectroscopic methods for probing charge transfer reactions. C1 [Cunningham, Paul D.; Lane, Paul A.; Melinger, Joseph S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Esenturk, Okan] Middle East Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Ankara, Turkey. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cunningham, PD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.cunningham@nrl.navy.mil OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0097-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9856 AR UNSP 98560Y DI 10.1117/12.2228379 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF4WC UT WOS:000381729300016 ER PT S AU Burd, SC Leinonen, T Penttinen, JP Allcock, DTC Slichter, DH Srinivas, R Wilson, AC Guina, M Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Burd, S. C. Leinonen, T. Penttinen, J. P. Allcock, D. T. C. Slichter, D. H. Srinivas, R. Wilson, A. C. Guina, M. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. BE Wilcox, KG TI Single-frequency 571nm VECSEL for photoionization of magnesium SO VERTICAL EXTERNAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VECSELS) VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) VI CY FEB 15-16, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE VECSEL; OPSL; SDL; frequency doubling; SHG; ion trapping; single-frequency; photoionization; Doppler-free spectroscopy; magnesium ID TRAPPED IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; STABILIZATION; CAVITY AB We report the development of an intracavity-frequency-doubled vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) emitting at 571 nm for photoionization of magnesium. The laser employs a V-cavity geometry with a gain chip at the end of one cavity arm and a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal for second harmonic generation. The gain chip has a bottom-emitting design with ten GaInAs quantum wells of 7 nm thickness, which are strain compensated by GaAsP. The system is capable of producing up to 2.4 +/- 0.1 W (total power in two separate output beams) in the visible. The free-running relative intensity noise was measured to be below 55 dBc/Hz over all frequencies from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. With acoustic isolation and temperature regulation of the laser breadboard, the mode-hop free operation time is typically over 5 hrs. To improve the long-term frequency stability, the laser can be locked to a Doppler-free transition of molecular iodine. To estimate the short-term linewidth, the laser was tuned to the resonance of a reference cavity. From analysis of the on-resonance Hansch-Couillaud error signal we infer a linewidth of 50 +/- 10 kHz. Light at 285 nm is generated with an external build-up cavity containing a beta-barium borate (BBO) crystal. The UV light is used for loading Mg-25(+) ions in a surface-electrode RF Paul trap. These results demonstrate the applicability and versatility of high-power, single-frequency VECSELs with intracavity harmonic generation for applications in atomic and molecular physics. C1 [Burd, S. C.; Allcock, D. T. C.; Slichter, D. H.; Srinivas, R.; Wilson, A. C.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leinonen, T.; Penttinen, J. P.; Guina, M.] Tampere Univ Technol, Optoelect Res Ctr, POB 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Burd, SC (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM shaun.burd@nist.gov OI Guina, Mircea/0000-0002-9317-8187 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-969-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9734 AR UNSP 973411 DI 10.1117/12.2213398 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF5DF UT WOS:000381884900027 ER PT S AU Florczyk, SJ Simon, M Juba, D Pine, PS Sarkar, S Chen, DS Baker, PJ Bodhak, S Cardone, A Brady, M Bajcsy, P Simon, CG AF Florczyk, Stephen J. Simon, Mylene Juba, Derek Pine, P. Scott Sarkar, Sumona Chen, Desu Baker, Paula J. Bodhak, Subhadip Cardone, Antonio Brady, Mary Bajcsy, Peter Simon, Carl G., Jr. GP IEEE TI 3D Cellular Morphotyping of Scaffold Niches SO 2016 32ND SOUTHERN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (SBEC) SE Proceedings of the Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC) CY MAR 11-13, 2016 CL Shreveport, LA SP Ctr Biomed Engn Rehabilitat Sci, Louisiana Tech Univ, LSU Hlth, Biomed Res Fdn C1 [Florczyk, Stephen J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Florczyk, Stephen J.; Pine, P. Scott; Sarkar, Sumona; Chen, Desu; Baker, Paula J.; Bodhak, Subhadip; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simon, Mylene; Juba, Derek; Cardone, Antonio; Brady, Mary; Bajcsy, Peter] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Florczyk, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.; Florczyk, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1086-4105 BN 978-1-5090-2133-8 J9 PR SOUTH BIOMED ENG PY 2016 BP 181 EP 181 DI 10.1109/SBEC.2016.58 PG 1 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF4WY UT WOS:000381754100096 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, LA Puls, A Young, WF AF Gonzalez, Luis A. Puls, Audrey Young, William F. GP IEEE TI Waveforms for Interference Testing of Emergency Responder Safety Devices SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) CY JAN 06-09, 2016 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, United States Natl Comm AB In this paper we describe the process used to create the interference waveform used in radiated interference testing and demonstrate two examples of how such a signal may be used in testing the performance of wireless devices. Our goal is to simulate, in a laboratory environment, typical to worst-case conditions for wireless electronic safety devices used by emergency responders. The methods discussed were developed with repeatability in mind and are general enough to be applicable to a wide variety of interference tests. C1 [Gonzalez, Luis A.; Puls, Audrey] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Computer & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, William F.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gonzalez, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Computer & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lugo3050@colorado.edu; audrey.puls@colorado.edu; william.young@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8678-4 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4WJ UT WOS:000381740500013 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RT Coder, JB Musser, VM AF Jacobs, Ryan T. Coder, Jason B. Musser, Vivian M. GP IEEE TI Spectrum Sensing with WLAN Access Points SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) CY JAN 06-09, 2016 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, United States Natl Comm AB With wireless communication becoming increasingly common in simple everyday devices, the available spectrum is quickly filling up and the risk of interference is increasing. This interference could be a slight nuisance or a disruption to critical services. To better understand the quantity and type of traffic in congested environments, a potential spectrum sensing solution in the ISM bands is discussed. By using a commercially available wireless access point we may be able to monitor the spectrum within range of the access point. If the electromagnetic environment is better understood, device manufacturers should be better able to test their products before deployment, ensuring they can still perform in a crowded electromagnetic environment. C1 [Jacobs, Ryan T.; Coder, Jason B.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Musser, Vivian M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2410 AV Williams Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jacobs, RT (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ryan.Jacobs@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8678-4 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4WJ UT WOS:000381740500004 ER PT J AU Ma, Y Kuester, DG Coder, J Young, W AF Ma, Yao Kuester, Daniel G. Coder, Jason Young, William GP IEEE TI A Simulation Study of the LTE Interference on WiFi Signal Detection SO 2016 UNITED STATES NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT United-States-National-Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) CY JAN 06-09, 2016 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, United States Natl Comm ID SPECTRUM; NETWORKS AB To address the spectrum scarcity problem and enhance spectrum utilization efficiency, spectrum sharing and coexistence of different wireless communication systems are important ongoing research topics. Unlicensed use of the ISM hand by the long-tenn evolution (LTE) wireless cellular system is expected to bring large performance enhancement to users of LTE, but its coexistence with incumbent Wi-Fi users must be carefully considered. in this paper, we implement a simulation-based study to investigate the effect of LTE interference on an IEEE 802.11a system, in terms of physical-layer packet error rate (PER) and throughput. Simulation results show that the considered LTE, interference waveform generates colored-noise like effect on Wi-Fi receivers, and is less harmful on Wi-Fi detection performance than full-band white noise, given the same power. C1 [Ma, Yao; Kuester, Daniel G.; Coder, Jason; Young, William] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ma, Y (reprint author), NIST, Commun Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8678-4 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4WJ UT WOS:000381740500011 ER PT S AU Grantham, S Lane, B Neira, J Mekhontsev, S Vlasea, M Hanssen, L AF Grantham, Steven Lane, Brandon Neira, Jorge Mekhontsev, Sergey Vlasea, Mihaela Hanssen, Leonard BE Gu, B Helvajian, H Pique, A TI Optical design and initial Results from NIST's AMMT/TEMPS Facility SO LASER 3D MANUFACTURING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser 3D Manufacturing III CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Polaronyx Inc, Nanoscribe Gmbh DE Powder bed fusion; Additive manufacturing; selective laser melting; 3D printing; Radiometry AB NIST's Physical Measurement and Engineering Laboratories are jointly developing the Additive Manufacturing Measurement Testbed (AMMT)/Temperature and Emittance of Melts, Powders and Solids (TEMPS) facilities. These facilities will be co-located on an open architecture laser-based powder bed fusion system allowing users full access to the system's operation parameters. This will provide users with access to machine-independent monitoring and control of the powder bed fusion process. In this paper there will be emphasis on the AMMT, which incorporates in-line visible light collection optics for monitoring and feedback control of the powder bed fusion process. We shall present an overview of the AMMT/TEMPs program and it goals. The optical and mechanical design of the open architecture powder-bed fusion system and the AMMT will be also be described. In addition, preliminary measurement results from the system along with the current system status of the system the will be described. C1 [Grantham, Steven; Lane, Brandon; Neira, Jorge; Mekhontsev, Sergey; Vlasea, Mihaela; Hanssen, Leonard] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vlasea, Mihaela] Univ Waterloo, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Grantham, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Grantham@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-973-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9738 AR UNSP 97380S DI 10.1117/12.2214246 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BF3YE UT WOS:000380605700015 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, Howard S. TI Report from the Open Problems Session at OPSFA13 SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Schur's inequality; hypergeometric functions; orthogonal polynomials; linearization coefficients; connection coefficients; symbolic summation; multiple summation; numerical algorithms; Gegenbauer polynomials; multiple zeta values; distribution of zeros ID ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; JACOBI-POLYNOMIALS; STRONG ASYMPTOTICS; FAST ALGORITHM; LINEARIZATION; IDENTITIES; MATRICES; WEIGHTS; UNIVERSALITY AB These are the open problems presented at the 13th International Symposium on Orthogonal Polynomials, Special Functions and Applications (OPSFA13), Gaithersburg, Maryland, on June 4, 2015. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2016 VL 12 AR 071 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2016.071 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DS4NR UT WOS:000380758300001 ER PT J AU Hu, XM Huang, JP Fuentes, JD Forkel, R Zhang, N AF Hu, Xiao-Ming Huang, Jianping Fuentes, Jose D. Forkel, Renate Zhang, Ning TI Advances in Boundary-Layer/Air Pollution Meteorology SO Advances in Meteorology LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hu, Xiao-Ming] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hu, Xiao-Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hu, Xiao-Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Huang, Jianping] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Yale NUIST Ctr Atmospher Environm, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jianping] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Fuentes, Jose D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Forkel, Renate] Karlsruher Inst Technol, IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Zhang, Ning] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hu, XM (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Hu, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Hu, XM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xhu@ou.edu RI Hu, Xiao-Ming/D-8085-2011; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013 OI Hu, Xiao-Ming/0000-0002-0769-5090; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 2825019 DI 10.1155/2016/2825019 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DT0DF UT WOS:000381152100001 ER PT J AU Vogl, GW Donmez, MA Archenti, A AF Vogl, Gregory W. Donmez, M. Alkan Archenti, Andreas TI Diagnostics for geometric performance of machine tool linear axes SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th General Assembly of the International-Academy-for-Production-Engineering (CIRP) CY AUG 21-27, 2016 CL Guimaraes, PORTUGAL SP Int Acad Prod Engn DE Machine tool; Error; Diagnostics AB Machine tools degrade during operations, yet knowledge of degradation is elusive; accurately detecting degradation of linear axes is typically a manual and time-consuming process. Manufacturers need automated and efficient methods to diagnose the condition of their machine tool linear axes with minimal disruptions to production. A method was developed to use data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for identification of changes in the translational and angular errors due to axis degradation. A linear axis testbed, established for the purpose of verification and validation, revealed that the IMU-based method was capable of measuring geometric errors with acceptable test uncertainty ratios. C1 [Vogl, Gregory W.; Donmez, M. Alkan] NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Archenti, Andreas] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prod Engn, Brinellvagen 68, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Vogl, GW (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gvogl@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 EI 1726-0604 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2016 VL 65 IS 1 BP 377 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2016.04.117 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA DS2MI UT WOS:000380603200095 ER PT J AU Robinson, ES Donahue, NM Ahern, AT Ye, Q Lipsky, E AF Robinson, Ellis Shipley Donahue, Neil M. Ahern, Adam T. Ye, Qing Lipsky, Eric TI Single-particle measurements of phase partitioning between primary and secondary organic aerosols SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING MODULE; ALPHA-PINENE OZONOLYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; VOLATILITY; MODEL; EXHAUST; ATMOSPHERE; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION AB Organic aerosols provide a measure of complexity in the urban atmosphere. This is because the aerosols start as an external mixture, with many populations from varied local sources, that all interact with each other, with background aerosols, and with condensing vapors from secondary organic aerosol formation. The externally mixed particle populations start to evolve immediately after emission because the organic molecules constituting the particles also form thermodynamic mixtures - solutions - in which a large fraction of the constituents are semi-volatile. The external mixtures are thus well out of thermodynamic equilibrium, with very different activities for many constituents, and yet also have the capacity to relax toward equilibrium via gas-phase exchange of semi-volatile vapors. Here we describe experiments employing quantitative single-particle mass spectrometry designed to explore the extent to which various primary organic aerosol particle populations can interact with each other or with secondary organic aerosols representative of background aerosol populations. These methods allow us to determine when these populations will and when they will not mix with each other, and then to constrain the timescales for that mixing. C1 [Robinson, Ellis Shipley; Donahue, Neil M.; Ahern, Adam T.; Ye, Qing; Lipsky, Eric] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Robinson, Ellis Shipley] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lipsky, Eric] Penn State Greater Allegheny, 4000 Univ Dr, Mckeesport, PA 15132 USA. RP Donahue, NM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM nmd@cmu.edu RI Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008 OI Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364 FU National Science Foundation [CHE1412309]; NSF [CBET0922643]; Wallace Research Foundation FX This research was supported by grant CHE1412309 from the National Science Foundation. The High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer was purchased with Major Research Instrumentation funds from NSF CBET0922643 and the Wallace Research Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Joel Kimmel, Harald Stark, and Donna Sueper for development of the Event Triggering Single-Particle instrumentation and so. ware used in this research. The authors would also like to thank John-Charles Baucom for his help with the design and construction of the heated vaporizer used for generating squalane and motor oil particles. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2016 VL 189 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1039/c5fd00214a PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DR7SJ UT WOS:000380099700002 PM 27092377 ER PT J AU Brune, WH Baier, BC Thomas, J Ren, X Cohen, RC Pusede, SE Browne, EC Goldstein, AH Gentner, DR Keutsch, FN Thornton, JA Harrold, S Lopez-Hilfiker, FD Wennberg, PO AF Brune, W. H. Baier, B. C. Thomas, J. Ren, X. Cohen, R. C. Pusede, S. E. Browne, E. C. Goldstein, A. H. Gentner, D. R. Keutsch, F. N. Thornton, J. A. Harrold, S. Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D. Wennberg, P. O. TI Ozone production chemistry in the presence of urban plumes SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; HO2 CONCENTRATIONS; RADICAL CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTION-RATES; CMAQ MODEL; OH; CALIFORNIA; REACTIVITY AB Ozone pollution affects human health, especially in urban areas on hot sunny days. Its basic photochemistry has been known for decades and yet it is still not possible to correctly predict the high ozone levels that are the greatest threat. The CalNex_SJV study in Bakersfield CA in May/June 2010 provided an opportunity to examine ozone photochemistry in an urban area surrounded by agriculture. The measurement suite included hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxyl (HO2), and OH reactivity, which are compared with the output of a photochemical box model. While the agreement is generally within combined uncertainties, measured HO2 far exceeds modeled HO2 in NOx-rich plumes. OH production and loss do not balance as they should in the morning, and the ozone production calculated with measured HO2 is a decade greater than that calculated with modeled HO2 when NO levels are high. Calculated ozone production using measured HO2 is twice that using modeled HO2, but this difference in calculated ozone production has minimal impact on the assessment of NOx-sensitivity or VOC-sensitivity for midday ozone production. Evidence from this study indicates that this important discrepancy is not due to the HO2 measurement or to the sampling of transported plumes but instead to either emissions of unknown organic species that accompany the NO emissions or unknown photochemistry involving nitrogen oxides and hydrogen oxides, possibly the hypothesized reaction OH + NO + O-2 -> HO2 + NO2. C1 [Brune, W. H.; Baier, B. C.; Thomas, J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Thomas, J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ren, X.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cohen, R. C.; Pusede, S. E.; Browne, E. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, R. C.; Pusede, S. E.; Browne, E. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pusede, S. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Browne, E. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gentner, D. R.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thornton, J. A.; Harrold, S.; Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harrold, S.] Puget Sound Clean Air Agcy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Linde Ctr Global Environm Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Brune, WH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM whb2@psu.edu RI Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009 OI Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867 FU California Air Resources Board through the University of California, Berkeley [00007016]; NSF [ATM-0706821] FX We thank John Karlik, Rick Ramirez and the other scientists and staff at the University of California Kern County Extension Center for their hospitality and use of their facilities. Participation by WHB, BCB, JT was supported by grants from California Air Resources Board through the University of California, Berkeley (UCB subcontract 00007016) and from NSF (ATM-0706821). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2016 VL 189 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.1039/c5fd00204d PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DR7SJ UT WOS:000380099700009 PM 27101799 ER PT B AU Vlajic, N Chijioke, A AF Vlajic, Nicholas Chijioke, Ako GP ASME TI MODELLING THE RESPONSE OF FORCE TRANSDUCERS UNDER SINE-SWEEP CALIBRATION SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB In the dynamic calibration of force transducers using swept sine excitation, the sensitivity (the output voltage divided by the applied force) of the transducer can start to decrease (or roll-off) at higher frequencies. It has been proposed that this roll-off originates from the finite stiffness and dissipation of the transducer. In other words, the roll-off is caused by a mechanical frequency response of the transducer, and the sensitivity is proportional to this frequency response function via a constant. The focus of this study is the origin of the observed roll-off in sensitivity. The findings of this study have application to the dynamic calibration and use of force transducers. C1 [Vlajic, Nicholas; Chijioke, Ako] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Mass & Force Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vlajic, N (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Mass & Force Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Nicholas.Vlajic@nist.gov; Ako.Chijioke@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5718-2 PY 2016 AR V008T13A055 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1NY UT WOS:000380414000055 ER PT J AU Shin, SJ Woo, J Kim, DB Kumaraguru, S Rachuri, S AF Shin, Seung-Jun Woo, Jungyub Kim, Duck Bong Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran Rachuri, Sudarsan TI Developing a virtual machining model to generate MTConnect machine-monitoring data from STEP-NC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE performance measurement; simulation model; STEP-NC; MTConnect; metal cutting; power consumption ID MINIMIZING POWER-CONSUMPTION; CUTTING PARAMETERS; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; CNC SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION AB The ability to predict performance of manufacturing equipment during early stages of process planning is vital for improving efficiency of manufacturing processes. In the metal cutting industry, measurement of machining performance is usually carried out by collecting machine-monitoring data that record the machine tool's actions (e.g. coordinates of axis location and power consumption). Understanding the impacts of process planning decisions is central to the enhancement of the machining performance. However, current methodologies lack the necessary models and tools to predict impacts of process planning decisions on the machining performance. This paper presents the development of a virtual machining model (called STEP2M model) that generates machine-monitoring data from process planning data. The STEP2M model builds upon a physical model-based analysis for the sources of energy on a machine tool, and adopts STEP-NC and MTConnect standardised interfaces to represent process planning and machine-monitoring data. We have developed a prototype system for 2-axis turning operation and validated the system by conducting an experiment using a Computer Numerical Control lathe. The virtual machining model presented in this paper enables process planners to analyse machining performance through virtual measurement and to perform interoperable data communication through standardised interfaces. C1 [Shin, Seung-Jun; Kim, Duck Bong; Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Woo, Jungyub] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran] Indian Inst Informat Technol Design & Mfg IIITD&M, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Woo, J (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jungyub.woo@nist.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 EI 1366-588X J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2016 VL 54 IS 15 BP 4487 EP 4505 DI 10.1080/00207543.2015.1064182 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA DR8RO UT WOS:000380165200006 ER PT J AU Choudhary, E Szalai, V AF Choudhary, E. Szalai, V. TI Two-step cycle for producing multiple anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films with increasing long-range order SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID NANOPOROUS ALUMINA; OXALIC-ACID; MEMBRANES; FABRICATION; MORPHOLOGY; TEMPLATES; ARRAYS; NANOSTRUCTURES; ARRANGEMENT; ANODIZATION AB Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes are being used for an increasing number of applications. However, the original two-step anodization method in which the first anodization is sacrificial to pre-pattern the second is still widely used to produce them. This method provides relatively low throughput and material utilization as half of the films are discarded. An alternative scheme that relies on alternating anodization and cathodic delamination is demonstrated that allows for the fabrication of several AAO films with only one sacrificial layer thus greatly improving total aluminum to alumina yield. The thickness for which the cathodic delamination performs best to yield full, unbroken AAO sheets is around 85 mm. Additionally, an image analysis method is used to quantify the degree of long-range ordering of the unit cells in the AAO films which was found to increase with each successive iteration of the fabrication cycle. C1 [Choudhary, E.; Szalai, V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6204, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choudhary, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6204, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.choudhary@nist.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 72 BP 67992 EP 67996 DI 10.1039/c6ra13830f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DS1NM UT WOS:000380362700062 ER PT J AU Giresi, MM Grubbs, RD Portnoy, DS Driggers, WB Jones, L Gold, JR AF Giresi, Melissa M. Grubbs, R. Dean Portnoy, David S. Driggers, William B., III Jones, Lisa Gold, John R. TI Identification and Distribution of Morphologically Conserved Smoothhound Sharks in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; FAMILY TRIAKIDAE; R-PACKAGE; DNA; MARKERS; INFERENCE AB Identification of sharks within the genus Mustelus (smoothhound sharks) is problematic because of extensive overlap in external morphology among species. Consequently, species-specific management of smoothhound shark resources is difficult when multiple species inhabit the same geographic region. The species identification and distribution of smoothhound sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico (the Gulf) were assessed using sequences of mitochondrial DNA, nuclear-encoded microsatellites, and catch data. Phylogenetic analysis of 1,047 base pairs of mitochondrially encoded ND-2 sequences and Bayesian clustering of multilocus genotypes at 15 microsatellites revealed three genetically distinct monophyletic lineages (clades) of smoothhound sharks in the Gulf. Examination of external morphology revealed characters that distinguished each genetically distinct clade, and based on species descriptions and comparisons with the type and other specimens in established collections, the lineages were identified as Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis, Florida Smoothhound Mustelus norrisi, and Gulf Smoothhound Mustelus sinusmexicanus. Two hundred and eighty-seven smoothhound sharks sampled from across the Gulf were then assigned unequivocally, based on genetic data, to one of the three species. Multifactorial analysis and homogeneity tests of species-specific means versus grand means of spatiotemporal factors (depth, longitude, and month) at capture indicated significant differences among the three species with respect to all three factors. On average, the Smooth Dogfish is found in deeper waters than the Gulf Smoothhound, whereas the Florida Smoothhound inhabits relatively shallow waters. A diagnostic key for the field identification of adult specimens of each species is provided. C1 [Giresi, Melissa M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, 3258 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Highway 98, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Portnoy, David S.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Harte Res Inst, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Driggers, William B., III; Jones, Lisa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Post Off Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Harte Res Inst, Marine Genom Lab, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM goldfish@tamucc.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA12NMF4540083]; Texas AgriLife Research [H-6703]; NOAA GulfSPAN Program; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography; Deep-C Consortium FX We thank G. Skomal (Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries); J. Imhoff and C. Peterson (Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory); S. Gulak, K. Hannan, and C. Jones (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); M. Drymon and A. Kroetz (Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory); T. Wiley-Lescher (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department); and M. Nalovic (Comite Regional de Peche a Maritime et Elevage Marine de Guyane) for assistance with the procurement of specimens and tissues. We also thank G. Naylor (University of Charleston) for providing an ND-2 sequence of Galeorhinus galeus; C. Caster, C. Hollenbeck, J. Puritz, and M. Renshaw for assistance in the laboratory; and B. Sterba-Boatwright for assistance with statistical analysis. This work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NA12NMF4540083) and Texas AgriLife Research (Project H-6703). Field collections by R.D.G. were made possible by funding from the NOAA GulfSPAN Program and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography and the Deep-C Consortium. This article is number 102 in the series Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes and publication number 8 of the Marine Genomics Laboratory at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 6 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069212 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DS1PT UT WOS:000380369100018 ER PT S AU Moody, G Ho, K Dass, CK Singh, A Xu, LX Tran, K Chen, CH Li, MY Li, LJ Clark, G Berghauser, G Malic, E Knorr, A Xu, XD Li, XQ AF Moody, Galan Ho, Kai Dass, Chandriker Kavir Singh, Akshay Xu, Lixiang Kha Tran Chen, Chang-Hsiao Li, Ming-Yang Li, Lain-Jong Clark, Genevieve Berghauser, Gunnar Malic, Ermin Knorr, Andreas Xu, Xiaodong Li, Xiaoqin BE Betz, M Elezzabi, AY TI Coherent quantum dynamics of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides SO Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ultrafast Phenomena and Nanophotonics XX CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Spectra-Physics DE Transition Metal Dichalcogenides; Multi-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy; Exciton; Homogeneous Linewidth ID MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; VALLEY POLARIZATION; MONO LAYER; MOS2; WSE2; SEMICONDUCTOR; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LIFETIMES; CRYSTALS; SPIN AB Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered considerable interest in recent years owing to their layer thickness-dependent optoelectronic properties. In monolayer TMDs, the large carrier effective masses, strong quantum confinement, and reduced dielectric screening lead to pronounced exciton resonances with remarkably large binding energies and coupled spin and valley degrees of freedom (valley excitons). Coherent control of valley excitons for atomically thin optoelectronics and valleytronics requires understanding and quantifying sources of exciton decoherence. In this work, we reveal how exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon scattering influence the coherent quantum dynamics of valley excitons in monolayer TMDs, specifically tungsten diselenide (WSe2), using two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. Excitation-density and temperature dependent measurements of the homogeneous linewidth (inversely proportional to the optical coherence time) reveal that exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon interactions are significantly stronger compared to quasi-2D quantum wells and 3D bulk materials. The residual homogeneous linewidth extrapolated to zero excitation density and temperature is 1:6 meV (equivalent to a coherence time of 0.4 ps), which is limited only by the population recombination lifetime in this sample. (c) (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only C1 [Moody, Galan; Ho, Kai; Dass, Chandriker Kavir; Singh, Akshay; Xu, Lixiang; Kha Tran; Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chen, Chang-Hsiao] Feng Chia Univ, Dept Automat Control Engn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan. [Li, Ming-Yang; Li, Lain-Jong; Knorr, Andreas] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Phys Sci & Engn Div, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia. [Clark, Genevieve; Xu, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Berghauser, Gunnar] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst F Theoret Phys Nichtlineare Opt & Quantenele, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Malic, Ermin] Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Xu, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moody, Galan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Moody, G (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM galan.moody@gmail.com RI Li, Lain-Jong/D-5244-2011 OI Li, Lain-Jong/0000-0002-4059-7783 NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-981-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9746 AR UNSP 97461T DI 10.1117/12.2209203 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF3XB UT WOS:000380588700023 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Messina, E AF Bostelman, Roger Messina, Elena BE Bostelman, R Messina, E TI Towards Development of an Automated Guided Vehicle Intelligence Level Performance Standard SO AUTONOMOUS INDUSTRIAL VEHICLES: FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE FACTORY FLOOR SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Autonomous Industrial Vehicles - from Laboratory to the Factory Floor CY MAY 26-30, 2015 CL Seattle, WA SP ASTM Int Comm F45 DE standards; performance; mobile robot; automated guided vehicle (AGV) AB Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) typically have been used for industrial material handling since the 1950s. In the years following, U.S. and European safety standards have been evolving to protect nearby workers. However, no performance standards have been developed for AGV systems. In our view, lessons can be learned for developing such standards from the research and standards associated with mobile robots applied to search and rescue and military applications. Research challenge events, tests and evaluations, and intelligence-level efforts have also occurred that can support industrial AGV developments into higher-level intelligent systems and provide useful standards development criteria for AGV performance test methods. This chapter provides background information referenced from all of these areas to support the need for an AGV performance standard. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Messina, Elena] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7633-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1594 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1520/STP159420150054 PG 22 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BF3CE UT WOS:000380525000001 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Falco, J Shah, M Hong, TH AF Bostelman, Roger Falco, Joseph Shah, Mili Hong, Tsai Hong BE Bostelman, R Messina, E TI Dynamic Metrology Performance Measurement of a Six Degrees-of-Freedom Tracking System Used in Smart Manufacturing SO AUTONOMOUS INDUSTRIAL VEHICLES: FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE FACTORY FLOOR SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Autonomous Industrial Vehicles - from Laboratory to the Factory Floor CY MAY 26-30, 2015 CL Seattle, WA SP ASTM Int Comm F45 DE dynamic; performance measurement; robot; tracking system ID HUMAN MOTION CAPTURE AB Multi-camera motion capture systems are commercially available and typically are used in the entertainment industry to track human motions for video gaming and movies. These systems are proving useful as ground truth measurement systems to assess the performance of robots, autonomous ground vehicles, and assembly tasks in smart manufacturing. In order to be used as ground truth, the accuracy of the motion capture system must be at least ten times better than a given system under test. This chapter creates an innovate artifact and test method to measure the accuracy of a given motion capture system. These measurements will then be used to assess the performance of the motion capture system and validate that it can be used as ground truth. The motion capture system will then serve as ground truth for evaluating the performance of an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) with an onboard robot arm (mobile manipulator) and for evaluating the performance of robotic workstation assembly tasks that utilize robot arms and hands. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Falco, Joseph; Shah, Mili; Hong, Tsai Hong] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bostelman, Roger] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, IEM, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Shah, Mili] Loyola Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 4501 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7633-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1594 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1520/STP159420150056 PG 15 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BF3CE UT WOS:000380525000006 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R AF Bostelman, Roger BE Bostelman, R Messina, E TI Recommendations for Autonomous Industrial Vehicle Performance Standards SO AUTONOMOUS INDUSTRIAL VEHICLES: FROM THE LABORATORY TO THE FACTORY FLOOR SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Autonomous Industrial Vehicles - from Laboratory to the Factory Floor CY MAY 26-30, 2015 CL Seattle, WA SP ASTM Int Comm F45 DE standards; mobile robots; automatic guided vehicle (AGV); recommendations AB A workshop on "Autonomous Industrial Vehicles: From the Laboratory to the Factory Floor" was held at the 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Nine research papers were presented, followed by a discussion session. All of the findings are summarized in this chapter and are intended to be used in the standards development process within ASTM International Committee F45 Driverless Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles. This paper provides feedback from the discussion and suggests recommendations for standards that evolved from the discussion. C1 [Bostelman, Roger] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7633-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1594 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1520/STP159420150055 PG 13 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BF3CE UT WOS:000380525000008 ER PT J AU Anand, DM AF Anand, D. M. GP Inst Navigat TI A set-theoretic approach to analyzing timing uncertainty within cyber-physical systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat AB Clocks are deeply integrated into practically every cyber-physical system either explicitly as provenance for time-triggered actions, or implicitly in cases where cyber components operate in lock step with physical dynamics. Recognizing the criticality of timing components, this paper investigates an analysis approach that allows a system designer to formally incorporate timing uncertainty as a factor when evaluating the uncertainty of the overall cyber-physical system. A set theoretic approach is considered in this paper that offers advantages in the form of computational scalability and in its ability to accommodate a general class of hybrid dynamic systems. A demonstration of the approach is provided via illustrative example using a charge pump phase locked loop and a second order dynamic system. We anticipate that the proposed approach is particularly applicable to systems where safety or reachability guarantees are required. C1 [Anand, D. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anand, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 478 EP 484 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BF0XR UT WOS:000379864100044 ER PT J AU Browne, CA Forbes, TP Sisco, E AF Browne, Christopher A. Forbes, Thomas P. Sisco, Edward TI Detection and identification of sugar alcohol sweeteners by ion mobility spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS; NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENERS; SENSOR ARRAY; FOOD; CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXPLOSIVES; FOODOMICS; SACCHARIN AB The rapid and sensitive detection of sugar alcohol sweeteners was demonstrated using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). IMS provides a valuable alternative in sensitivity, cost, and analysis speed between the lengthy gold-standard liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique and rapid point-of-measurement disposable colorimetric sensors, for the Food and Nutrition industry's quality control and other "foodomics" area needs. The IMS response, characteristic signatures, and limits of detection for erythritol, pentaerythritol, xylitol, inositol, sorbitol, mannitol, and maltitol were evaluated using precise inkjet printed samples. IMS system parameters including desorption temperature, scan time, and swipe substrate material were examined and optimized, demonstrating a strong dependence on the physicochemical properties of the respective sugar alcohol. The desorption characteristics of each compound were found to dominate the system response and overall sensitivity. Sensitivities for these compounds ranged from single nanograms to hundreds of picograms with optimal desorption temperatures ranging from 125 degrees C to 200 degrees C. Sugar alcohol components of commercial products - chewing gum and a sweetener packet - were detected and identified using IMS. IMS is demonstrated to be an advantageous field deployable instrument, easily operated by non-technical personnel, and enabling sensitive point-of-measurement quality assurance for sugar alcohols. C1 [Browne, Christopher A.] Purdue Univ, 101 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Forbes, Thomas P.; Sisco, Edward] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forbes, TP; Sisco, E (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov; edward.sisco@nist.gov FU NIST SURF program FX The authors thank Jeff Lawrence of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for inkjet printing the samples for this study. The NIST SURF program provided support for C. A. B. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 28 BP 5611 EP 5618 DI 10.1039/c6ay01554a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DR4TU UT WOS:000379896600008 PM 27574530 ER PT J AU Day, JJ Tietsche, S Collins, M Goessling, HF Guemas, V Guillory, A Hurlin, WJ Ishii, M Keeley, SPE Matei, D Msadek, R Sigmond, M Tatebe, H Hawkins, E AF Day, Jonathan J. Tietsche, Steffen Collins, Mat Goessling, Helge F. Guemas, Virginie Guillory, Anabelle Hurlin, William J. Ishii, Masayoshi Keeley, Sarah P. E. Matei, Daniela Msadek, Rym Sigmond, Michael Tatebe, Hiroaki Hawkins, Ed TI The Arctic Predictability and Prediction on Seasonal-to-Interannual TimEscales (APPOSITE) data set version 1 SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL FORECAST SYSTEM; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; ICE PREDICTABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; SKILL; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ENSEMBLE AB Recent decades have seen significant developments in climate prediction capabilities at seasonal-to-interannual timescales. However, until recently the potential of such systems to predict Arctic climate had rarely been assessed. This paper describes a multi-model predictability experiment which was run as part of the Arctic Predictability and Prediction On Seasonal to Interannual Timescales (APPOSITE) project. The main goal of APPOSITE was to quantify the timescales on which Arctic climate is predictable. In order to achieve this, a coordinated set of idealised initial-value predictability experiments, with seven general circulation models, was conducted. This was the first model intercomparison project designed to quantify the predictability of Arctic climate on seasonal to interannual timescales. Here we present a description of the archived data set (which is available at the British Atmospheric Data Centre), an assessment of Arctic sea ice extent and volume predictability estimates in these models, and an investigation into to what extent predictability is dependent on the initial state. The inclusion of additional models expands the range of sea ice volume and extent predictability estimates, demonstrating that there is model diversity in the potential to make seasonal-to-interannual timescale predictions. We also investigate whether sea ice forecasts started from extreme high and low sea ice initial states exhibit higher levels of potential predictability than forecasts started from close to the models' mean state, and find that the result depends on the metric. Although designed to address Arctic predictability, we describe the archived data here so that others can use this data set to assess the predictability of other regions and modes of climate variability on these timescales, such as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. C1 [Day, Jonathan J.; Hawkins, Ed] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Tietsche, Steffen; Keeley, Sarah P. E.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Collins, Mat] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Goessling, Helge F.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Guemas, Virginie; Msadek, Rym] CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Guillory, Anabelle] Rutherford Appleton Lab, British Atmospher Data Ctr, Chilton, England. [Hurlin, William J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Matei, Daniela] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Sigmond, Michael] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Tatebe, Hiroaki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Day, JJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. EM j.j.day@reading.ac.uk RI Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; Sigmond, Michael /K-3169-2012; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011 OI Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Sigmond, Michael /0000-0003-2191-9756; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/I029447/1]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [GO 2464/1-1] FX We would like to thank both reviewers for their thorough and useful comments, which have helped improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/I029447/1). Helge Goessling was supported by a fellowship of the German Research Foundation (DFG grant GO 2464/1-1). Data storage and processing capacity was kindly provided by the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC). Thanks to Yanjun Jiao (CCCma) for his assistance with the CanCM4 simulations and to Bill Merryfield for his comments on a draft of the paper. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2255 EP 2270 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-2255-2016 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DQ7RB UT WOS:000379404000014 ER PT B AU Ameta, G Witherell, P Moylan, S Lipman, R AF Ameta, Gaurav Witherell, Paul Moylan, Shawn Lipman, Robert GP ASME TI TOLERANCE SPECIFICATION AND RELATED ISSUES FOR ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID 3D; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; SCAFFOLDS; POLYMER AB Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained increased attention in the last decade as a versatile manufacturing process for customized products. AM processes can create complex free-form shapes, introducing features such as internal cavities and lattices. These complex geometries are either not feasible or very costly with traditional manufacturing processes. This creates new challenges in maintaining and communicating dimensional and geometric accuracy of parts produced. In order to manufacture a product that meets functional needs, the specification of those needs through geometry, material and tolerances is necessary. This paper surveys the current state and needs of geometry related accuracy specification mechanisms for AM, including a review of specification standards such as ASME Y14.5 and ISO 1101. Emerging AM-related tolerancing challenges are identified, and a potential plan of action is put forth for addressing those challenges. Various issues highlighted in this paper are classified as (a) AM-driven specification issues and (b) specification issues highlighted by the versatility of AM processes. AM-driven specification issues include build direction, layer thickness, support structure related specification, and scan/track direction. Specification issues highlighted by the versatility of AM processes include, region-based tolerances for complex free-form surfaces, tolerancing internal functional features, tolerancing lattice and infills. Basic methods of solving these specification issues are also highlighted. C1 [Ameta, Gaurav] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Witherell, Paul; Moylan, Shawn; Lipman, Robert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Ameta, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gameta@wsu.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5704-5 PY 2016 AR V01AT02A027 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF0XY UT WOS:000379883000027 ER PT B AU Li, YP Roy, U Lee, YT Rachuri, S AF Li, Yunpeng Roy, Utpal Lee, Y. Tina Rachuri, Sudarsan GP ASME TI INTEGRATING RULE-BASED SYSTEMS AND DATA ANALYTICS TOOLS USING OPEN STANDARD PMML SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE rule-based system; expert system; predictive model; data analytics; PMML; process planning AB Rule-based expert systems such as CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System) are 1) based on inductive (if then) rules to elicit domain knowledge and 2) designed to reason new knowledge based on existing knowledge and given inputs. Recently, data mining techniques have been advocated for discovering knowledge from massive historical or real-time sensor data. Combining top-down expert-driven rule models with bottom-up data-driven prediction models facilitates enrichment and improvement of the predefined knowledge in an expert system with data-driven insights. However, combining is possible only if there is a common and formal representation of these models so that they are capable of being exchanged, reused, and orchestrated among different authoring tools. This paper investigates the open standard PMML (Predictive Model Mockup Language) in integrating rule-based expert systems with data analytics tools, so that a decision. maker would have access to powerful tools in dealing with both reasoning-intensive tasks and data-intensive tasks. We present a process planning use case in the manufacturing domain, which is originally implemented as a CLIPS-based expert system. Different paradigms in interpreting expert system facts and rules as PMML models (and vice versa), as well as challenges in representing and composing these models, have been explored. They will be discussed in detail. C1 [Li, Yunpeng; Roy, Utpal] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Lee, Y. Tina; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, YP (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5704-5 PY 2016 AR V01AT02A012 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF0XY UT WOS:000379883000012 ER PT B AU Lu, Y Choi, S Witherell, P AF Lu, Yan Choi, Sangsu Witherell, Paul GP ASME TI TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED DATA SCHEMA DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: CONCEPTUAL MODELING SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID INFORMATION AB Large amounts of data are generated, exchanged, and used during an additive manufacturing (AM) build. While the AM data from a single build is essential for establishing part traceability, when methodically collected, the full processing history of thousands of components can be mined to advance our understanding of AM processes. Hence, this full body of data must be captured, stored, and properly managed for easy query and analysis. An innovative, AM-specific data model is necessary for establishing of a comprehensive AM information management system. This paper introduces our work towards designing a complete and integrated data model for AM processes. We begin by defining the scope and specifying the requirements of such a data schema. We investigate how information created and exchanged in the AM process. chain is identified based on an AM process activity diagram. A comprehensive survey shows that existing AM standards are unable to provide both the breadth and the depth needed for an integrated AM information model. We propose a conceptual design for an additive manufacturing integrated data model, AMIDM, based on a well-defined product lifecycle management (PLM) data modeling method called PPR (product, process, and resource). The proposed AM model has a core scheme composed of product, process, and resource entities. The process entities play critical roles in transforming product input into product output using assigned resources such as equipment, material, personnel, and software tools. The proposed model has been applied to an information system design for Powder Bed Fusion based AM experimental data management. An XML (eXtensible Markup Language) schema is presented in the paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the conceptual model. C1 [Lu, Yan; Choi, Sangsu; Witherell, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yan.lu@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5704-5 PY 2016 AR V01AT02A032 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF0XY UT WOS:000379883000032 ER PT B AU Garretson, IC Lyons, KW Mani, M Leong, S Carter, MD Simmons, AE Haapala, KR AF Garretson, Ian C. Lyons, Kevin W. Mani, Mahesh Leong, Swee Carter, Matthew D. Simmons, Ann E. Haapala, Karl R. GP ASME TI UNIT MANUFACTURING PROCESS MODELS FOR FERROMAGNETIC AND NON-FERROMAGNETIC ALLOY SURFACE INSPECTION METHODS SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Industrial use of natural resources are increasing at an alarming rate. Engineering and decision support tools are needed for analyzing and curbing industrial consumption of resources. Further, assessment methods to measure and indicate continuous improvement are also needed. Modeling individual manufacturing processes facilitates the generation of quantifiable evidence that improvements are being made. Such a modeling approach is developed and demonstrated in this paper to characterize sustainability performance of two metals inspection processes: magnetic particle inspection for ferromagnetic alloys and penetrant inspection for non ferromagnetic alloys. Individual unit manufacturing process (UMP) models were developed by observing the inspection practices at an aircraft component manufacturer, and a mathematical basis for comparison with other inspection processes was identified. The paper further demonstrates the aggregation of performance metrics from all UMPs across a manufacturing process flow thus providing a basis for generating detailed sustainability performance assessments of manufactured products. By developing and documenting a comprehensive set of UMP models, more complete knowledge of manufacturing processes can be gained by industry practitioners, leading to continuous improvement of sustainability performance. C1 [Garretson, Ian C.; Haapala, Karl R.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lyons, Kevin W.; Mani, Mahesh; Leong, Swee] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carter, Matthew D.; Simmons, Ann E.] Boeing Co, Portland, OR 97230 USA. RP Garretson, IC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM garretsi@onid.orst.edu; Karl.Haapala@oregonstate.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5711-3 PY 2016 AR V004T05A044 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BF0YD UT WOS:000379884000043 ER PT B AU Ronay, AK Helu, MM Rachuri, S AF Ronay, A. K. Helu, Moneer M. Rachuri, Sudarsan GP ASME TI ENSEMBLE NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A MILLING MACHINE SO INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 02-05, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Energy prediction; Ensemble; Manufacturing; Milling; Neural networks; Prediction intervals AB Accurate prediction of the energy consumption is critical for energy-efficient production systems. However, the majority of existing prediction models aim at providing only point predictions and can be affected by uncertainties in the model parameters and input data. In this paper, a prediction model that generates prediction intervals (PIs) for estimating energy consumption of a milling machine is proposed. PIs are used to provide information on the confidence in the prediction by accounting for the uncertainty in both the model parameters and the noise in the input variables. An ensemble model of neural networks (NNs) is used to estimate PIs. A k-nearest-neighbors (k-nn) approach is applied to identify similar patterns between training and testing sets to increase the accuracy of the results by using local information from the closest patterns of the training sets. Finally, a case study that uses a dataset obtained by machining 18 parts through face-milling, contouring, slotting and pocketing, spiraling, and drilling operations is presented. Of these six operations, the case study focuses on face milling to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed energy prediction model. C1 [Ronay, A. K.; Helu, Moneer M.; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronay, AK (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronay.ak@nist.gov; nnoneer.helu@nist.gov; Sudarsan.rachuri@nist.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5711-3 PY 2016 AR V004T05A056 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BF0YD UT WOS:000379884000055 ER PT S AU Simonds, BJ Teal, A Zhang, T Hadler, J Zhou, ZB Varlamov, S Perez-Wurfl, I AF Simonds, Brian J. Teal, Anthony Zhang, Tian Hadler, Josh Zhou, Zibo Varlamov, Sergey Perez-Wurfl, Ivan BE Neuenschwander, B Roth, S Grigoropoulos, CP Makimura, T TI Dual-beam laser thermal processing of silicon photovoltaic materials SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING (LAMOM) XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing XXI (LAMOM) CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Okamoto Opt, Plymouth Grating Lab DE crystallization; dopant diffusion; Laser processing; photovoltaics; silicon ID MOLTEN SILICON; ELECTROSTATIC LEVITATOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; DENSITY-MEASUREMENT; SOLAR-CELLS; SI AB We have developed an all-laser processing technique by means of two industrially-relevant continuous-wave fiber lasers operating at 1070 nm. This approach is capable of both substrate heating with a large defocused beam and material processing with a second scanned beam, and is suitable for a variety of photovoltaic applications. We have demonstrated this technique for rapid crystallization of thin film (similar to 10 mu m) silicon on glass, which is a low cost alternative to wafer-based solar cells. We have also applied this technique to wafer silicon to control dopant diffusion at the surface region where the focused line beam rapidly melts the substrate that then regrows epitaxially. Finite element simulations have been used to model the melt depth as a function of preheat temperature and line beam power. This process is carried out in tens of seconds for an area approximately 10 cm(2) using only about 1 kW of total optical power and is readily scalable. In this paper, we will discuss our results with both c-Si wafers and thin-film silicon. C1 [Simonds, Brian J.; Hadler, Josh] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Teal, Anthony; Zhang, Tian; Zhou, Zibo; Varlamov, Sergey; Perez-Wurfl, Ivan] Univ New South Wales, Fac Engn, School Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Simonds, BJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-970-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9735 AR 973505 DI 10.1117/12.2213583 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BF0ZU UT WOS:000379995000004 ER PT S AU Yao, J Weiss, M Curry, C Levine, J AF Yao, Jian Weiss, Marc Curry, Charles Levine, Judah GP Inst Navigat TI GPS Jamming and GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 47TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING SE Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat ID VIEW AB This paper studies the impact of GPS jamming on GPS carrier-phase time transfer. To study this issue, at NIST, we have installed a commercial GPS jamming detector since 2014 April. During 2014 April - 2015 April, the detector detected more than 100 jamming events, though there had been a few outages of jamming detection. The jamming events usually last for less than 2 min. We find that almost all jamming events lead to a significant drop in the L1 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for all observable GPS satellites. Another thing we notice is that the 3 GPS receivers which are closer to Broadway, a main street in Boulder, Colorado, are more likely to be jammed. This indicates that the jamming source may come from cars passing by. Although a jamming event causes a significant drop in L1 SNR, the GPS receiver can still track the GPS satellites properly for most cases. However, sometimes, the jamming can be too strong and then a GPS receiver may lose track of some GPS satellites. This leads to a GPS-data anomaly. Because of this anomaly, the carrier-phase time transfer processing re-estimates the phase ambiguities at the anomaly. Thus, there is often a time discontinuity at the anomaly. The discontinuity ranges from a few hundred picoseconds to a few nanoseconds. Then the next question is what we shall do when a jamming event occurs? Our earlier study [1] shows that the 9th-order polynomial curve fitting for the code and phase measurements can repair a short-term data anomaly (< 40 min). We apply this technique to repair the anomaly at jamming and it works well. Thus, we can eliminate the impact of a short-term jamming (< 40 min) on carrier-phase time transfer by repairing the GPS data. C1 [Yao, Jian; Weiss, Marc; Levine, Judah] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Curry, Charles] Chronos Technol Ltd, Stowfield House, Lydbrook, Glos, England. RP Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Yao, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian.yao@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2333-2085 J9 ANN TIME TIME INTERV PY 2016 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BF0XQ UT WOS:000379858000011 ER PT S AU Weiss, M Yao, J Cosart, L Hanssen, J AF Weiss, M. Yao, J. Cosart, L. Hanssen, J. GP Inst Navigat TI Ethernet Time Transfer through a US Commercial Optical Telecommunications Network, Part 2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 47TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING SE Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat AB There is a need to back up critical timing infrastructure at the national level. This paper provides an update on a joint project employing commercial equipment to send national timing signals through a telecommunication network. This experiment connects the UTC(NIST) time scale located in Boulder, Colorado with the UTC(USNO) Alternate Master Clock time scale located at Schriever AFB in Colorado via a telecommunication provider's optical network. Timing signals using the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) were sent in the usual two-way fashion, but each one-way delay was measured, because we had UTC time scales at both ends of the network that were within 10 ns of each other. This part of the experiment is now nearly complete. The experiment was started in April 2014 and extensions of the project will run through the end of 2016. It appears that there is at least one commercial transport mechanism that could serve to back up GPS for time transfer at the 100 ns level. We found that the asymmetry of the PTP time transfer resulted in 10's of microseconds of time transfer error, but that the stability through the entire connection was less than 100 ns, as long as the connection remained complete. This implies that if the time delays of the network could be calibrated, it could maintain under 100 ns accuracy as long as it did not go down. We have established the likely causes of the bias, as well as run simulations of various configurations in a laboratory. Thus, we have some certainty that similar results will apply if this technique were used as a service across the country. While many researchers have shown that fiber can transfer time and frequency with high accuracy, this experiment addresses the practicality of using the US telecom infrastructure for timing. C1 [Weiss, M.; Yao, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Cosart, L.] Microsemi Corp, Aliso Viejo, CA USA. [Hanssen, J.] US Naval Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Weiss, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. EM mweiss@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2333-2085 J9 ANN TIME TIME INTERV PY 2016 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BF0XQ UT WOS:000379858000015 ER PT S AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah GP Inst Navigat TI An Auto-Regressive Moving-Average Time Scale Algorithm (ARMA) for Synchronizing Networked Clocks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 47TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING SE Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat ID PREDICTION AB I will report on a study of the usefulness of ARMA time scale algorithms to synchronize clocks on a digital network. The algorithm acquires periodic time differences between a local system clock and a remote time server by means of any of the standard message formats such as the format used by the Network Time Protocol. It models the current time difference as a linear combination of previous time states plus additive noise and uses the model to adjust the local system clock. The algorithm is more flexible than the traditional methods, which are based on physical parameters such as frequency and frequency drift. The ARMA model has a finite impulse response and is therefore able to cope with the non-stationary outliers that characterize the fluctuations in the message delay on a wide-area network. I will compare this method with the frequency lock loop (FLL) algorithm that is currently used to synchronize the time servers operated by NIST. Both methods take advantage of the free-running stability of the clock in the local system, which facilitates the detection of outliers without the need to query multiple remote servers in most situations. Either method is generally more efficient than the phase-lock loop process that is widely used in network synchronization applications. C1 [Levine, Judah] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Levine, Judah] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Levine, Judah] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA.; Levine, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA.; Levine, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2333-2085 J9 ANN TIME TIME INTERV PY 2016 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BF0XQ UT WOS:000379858000027 ER PT S AU Jiang, Z Matsakis, D Zhang, V Esteban, H Piester, D Lin, SY Dierikx, E AF Jiang, Z. Matsakis, D. Zhang, V. Esteban, H. Piester, D. Lin, S. Y. Dierikx, E. GP Inst Navigat TI A TWSTFT calibration guideline and the use of a GPS calibrator for UTC TWSTFT link calibrations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 47TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING SE Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) / International Technical Meeting of the-Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Navigat DE TWSTFT; GPS time link calibration; Calibration Guidelines; Uncertainty; TCC calibration; METODE ID TIME TRANSFER; ACCURACY; PTB; PS AB Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) links were first introduced to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) generation in 1999. These TWSTFT links were calibrated by alignment with the corresponding GPS time links, of which the nominal uncertainty was 5 ns. In the past decade, the primary calibration technique for TWSTFT link calibrations was based on a TWSTFT mobile ground station (MS) with uncertainty at the level of 1 ns. The use of an MS for TWSTFT link calibration is limited by the availability of an MS, a common satellite transponder, transportation, and high cost. For example, due to the lack of a common transponder, a MS cannot be used for a stand-alone calibration of the NIST-PTB link (the link between the National Institue of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)). Therefore, alternative techniques have been proposed and validated in recent years. Investigations for improving GPS time link calibrations have been performed since 2008. In 2011 this triggered the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) to carry out a pilot study on using GPS link calibrations for the UTC TWSTFT time links. The study concluded that a link calibration uncertainty of 1.5 ns is attainable. Based thereon, the 'TWSTFT Calibration Guidelines for the UTC Time Links' recognize the GPS link calibration as an alternative technique for the calibration of TWSTFT links. In this paper, we first outline the new TWSTFT Calibration Guidelines for UTC Time Links (v3.0), which was approved at the 23rd meeting of the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) Working Group on TWSTFT. It authorizes several techniques, including the GPS link calibration and the Triangle Closure Calibration (TCC). Then we discuss the attainable uncertainty of the GPS calibration. Finally we provide in the Annex an example report of using a GPS calibrator for a typical UTC time link calibration based on the US Naval Observatory (USNO) and PTB, UTC(USNO)-UTC(PTB) TWSTFT link calibration. Here we describe the characteristics of BIPM's Measurement of Total Delay (METODE) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) calibrator, its setup at a UTC laboratory, Lab(k), measurements, and its results. In this calibration, the GPS result differs from that of the TWSTFT MS by 0.9 ns with an uncertainty of 1.5 ns. C1 [Jiang, Z.] BIPM, Sevres, France. [Matsakis, D.] USNO, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Zhang, V.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Esteban, H.] ROA Real Inst & Observ Armada San Fernando, Cadiz, Spain. [Piester, D.] PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Lin, S. Y.] TL Natl Stand Time & Frequency Lab, Telecommun Labs, Chunghwa Telecom, Taiwan. [Dierikx, E.] VSL, Dutch Metrol Inst, Delft, Netherlands. RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), BIPM, Sevres, France. EM zjiang@bipm.org OI Piester, Dirk/0000-0003-2487-5613 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 2333-2085 J9 ANN TIME TIME INTERV PY 2016 BP 231 EP 242 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BF0XQ UT WOS:000379858000033 ER PT J AU Bharathi, KK Tan, H Takeuchi, S Meshi, L Shen, H Shin, J Takeuchi, I Bendersky, LA AF Bharathi, K. Kamala Tan, H. Takeuchi, S. Meshi, L. Shen, H. Shin, J. Takeuchi, I. Bendersky, L. A. TI Effect of oxygen pressure on structure and ionic conductivity of epitaxial Li0.33La0.55TiO3 solid electrolyte thin films produced by pulsed laser deposition SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; LI7LA3ZR2O12; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; TITANATE; SYSTEM; OXIDE AB We report on the ionic conductivity of Li0.33La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) epitaxial films grown on the (100) and (111) surfaces of single crystal SrTiO3 (STO) substrates at different oxygen partial pressures (from 1.33 to 26.66 Pa). The films are intended for use as solid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries, and the epitaxial growth for modeling the electrolyte single crystal properties. The LLTO films overall exhibit formation of the perovskite-based orthorhombic structure with the epitaxial cube-on-cube orientation for both (100)(STO) and (111)(STO) substrates. Room temperature ionic conductivity of the LLTO films measured by impedance spectroscopy slightly decreases with the oxygen partial pressure changing from 1.33 to 26.66 Pa and is in the range of 10(-4) to 10(-5) S cm(-1). Complex impedance plots at different temperatures indicate that the conductivity in these epitaxial films is predominantly an intrinsic bulk property and exhibits distribution of relaxation time. Activation energies (E-a) for all the films were calculated employing the Arrhenius relationship and are between 0.30 eV and 0.40 eV, agreeing well with the reported values of bulk materials. Systematic difference in ionic conductivity between the (100)(STO) and (111)(STO) films is understood as being related to the difference in distribution of a "bottleneck" diffusion path. The measured conductivity of LLTO films indicates that these films can be used as a solid electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries. C1 [Bharathi, K. Kamala; Tan, H.; Takeuchi, S.; Meshi, L.; Shen, H.; Bendersky, L. A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bharathi, K. Kamala; Shin, J.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tan, H.] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Meshi, L.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Bharathi, KK; Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Bharathi, KK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kkamalabharathi@gmail.com; leoben@nist.gov RI MESHI, LOUISA/F-2229-2012 OI MESHI, LOUISA/0000-0001-8324-434X FU U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB14H027, 70NANB15H025] FX H. T. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology under financial assistance awards 70NANB14H027 and 70NANB15H025. S. T. thanks Dr G. Stafford in National Institute of Standards and Technology for his help with Lab View program and for useful discussions. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 66 BP 61974 EP 61983 DI 10.1039/c6ra12879c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DQ8TY UT WOS:000379485200117 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Gao, JD Zhao, QY Nai, K Liu, S AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Gao, Jidong Zhao, Qingyun Nai, Kang Liu, Shun TI Multistep variational data assimilation: important issues and a spectral approach SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; variational analysis; multistep; multiscale; spectral formulation ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ERROR COVARIANCES; MEASURING INFORMATION-CONTENT; RANGE FORECAST ERRORS; STATISTICAL STRUCTURE; INNOVATION VECTORS; RADIOSONDE DATA; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PART II; HEIGHT; FORMULATIONS AB In this paper, two important issues are raised for multistep variational data assimilation in which broadly distributed coarse-resolution observations are analysed in the first step, and then locally distributed high-resolution observations are analysed in the second step (and subsequent steps if any). The first one concerns how to objectively estimate or efficiently compute the analysis error covariance for the analysed field obtained in the first step and used to update the background field in the next step. To attack this issue, spectral formulations are derived for efficiently calculating the analysis error covariance functions. The calculated analysis error covariance functions are verified against their respective benchmarks for one- and two-dimensional cases and shown to be very (or fairly) good approximations for uniformly (or non-uniformly) distributed coarse-resolution observations. The second issue concerns whether and under what conditions the above calculated analysis error covariance can make the two-step analysis more accurate than the conventional single-step analysis. To answer this question, idealised numerical experiments are performed to compare the two-step analyses with their respective counterpart single-step analyses while the background error covariance is assumed to be exactly known in the first step but the number of iterations performed by the minimisation algorithm is limited (to mimic the computationally constrained situations in operational data assimilation). The results show that the two-step analysis is significantly more accurate than the single-step analysis until the iteration number becomes so large that the single-step analysis can reach the final convergence or nearly so. The two-step analysis converges much faster and thus is more efficient than the single-step analysis to reach the same accuracy. Its computational efficiency can be further enhanced by properly coarsening the grid resolution in the first step with the high-resolution grid used only over the nested domain in the second step. C1 [Xu, Qin; Gao, Jidong] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Wei, Li; Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhao, Qingyun] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Liu, Shun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Rockville, MD USA. [Liu, Shun] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141410281]; NSF [AGS-1341878]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors are thankful to Prof. S. Lakshmivarahan of the University of Oklahoma (OU) and the three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper. The research work was supported by the ONR Grant N000141410281 and NSF grant AGS-1341878 to OU. Funding was also provided to CIMMS by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2016 VL 68 AR 31110 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v68.31110 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DR4ZW UT WOS:000379913600001 ER PT J AU Fu, HL Wu, XR Li, W Xie, YF Han, GJ Zhang, SQ AF Fu, Hongli Wu, Xinrong Li, Wei Xie, Yuanfu Han, Guijun Zhang, Shaoqing TI Reconstruction of Typhoon Structure Using 3-Dimensional Doppler Radar Radial Velocity Data with the Multigrid Analysis: A Case Study in an Idealized Simulation Context SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; VARIATIONAL METHOD; CONVECTIVE STORM; CLOUD ANALYSIS AB Extracting multiple-scale observational information is critical for accurately reconstructing the structure of mesoscale circulation systems such as typhoon. The Space and Time Mesoscale Analysis System (STMAS) with multigrid data assimilation developed in Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has addressed this issue. Previous studies have shown the capability of STMAS to retrieve multiscale information in 2-dimensional Doppler radar radial velocity observations. This study explores the application of 3-dimensional (3D) Doppler radar radial velocities with STMAS for reconstructing a 3D typhoon structure. As for the first step, here, we use an idealized simulation framework. A two-scale simulated "typhoon" field is constructed and referred to as "truth," from which randomly distributed conventional wind data and 3D Doppler radar radial wind data are generated. These data are used to reconstruct the synthetic 3D "typhoon" structure by the STMAS and the traditional 3D variational (3D-Var) analysis. The degree by which the "truth" 3D typhoon structure is recovered is an assessment of the impact of the data type or analysis scheme being evaluated. We also examine the effects of weak constraint and strong constraint on STMAS analyses. Results show that while the STMAS is superior to the traditional 3D-Var for reconstructing the 3D typhoon structure, the strong constraint STMAS can produce better analyses on both horizontal and vertical velocities. C1 [Fu, Hongli; Wu, Xinrong; Li, Wei; Han, Guijun] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab State Ocean Adm Marine Environm Informat, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab State Ocean Adm Marine Environm Informat, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM liwei_nmdis@163.com OI Zhang, Shaoqing/0000-0003-4085-9023 FU National Basic Research Program [2013CB430304]; National Natural Science Foundation [41376013, 41376015, 41306006, 41541041, 41506039]; National High-Tech RD Program [2013AA09A505]; National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction of China [GASI-01-01-12, GASI-IPOVAI-04] FX This research was jointly supported by grants of National Basic Research Program (2013CB430304), National Natural Science Foundation (41376013, 41376015, 41306006, 41541041, and 41506039), National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505), and National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-01-01-12 and GASI-IPOVAI-04) of China. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 2170746 DI 10.1155/2016/2170746 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ8BJ UT WOS:000379433800001 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Najarro, M AF Forbes, Thomas P. Najarro, Marcela TI Ion mobility spectrometry nuisance alarm threshold analysis for illicit narcotics based on environmental background and a ROC-curve approach SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLOW FOCUSING IONIZATION; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; REAGENT GAS; EXPLOSIVES; DESORPTION AB The discriminative potential of an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) for trace detection of illicit narcotics relative to environmental background was investigated with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve framework. The IMS response of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and Delta(9)-tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC) was evaluated against environmental background levels derived from the screening of incoming delivery vehicles at a federal facility. Over 20 000 samples were collected over a multiyear period under two distinct sets of instrument operating conditions, a baseline mode and an increased desorption/drift tube temperature and sampling time mode. ROC curves provided a quantifiable representation of the interplay between sensitivity (true positive rate, TPR) and specificity (1 - false positive rate, FPR). A TPR of 90% and minimized FPR were targeted as the detection limits of IMS for the selected narcotics. MDMA, THC, and cocaine demonstrated single nanogram sensitivity at 90% TPR and <10% FPR, with improvements to both MDMA and cocaine in the elevated temperature/increased sampling mode. Detection limits in the tens of nanograms with poor specificity (FPR approximate to 20%) were observed for methamphetamine and heroin under baseline conditions. However, elevating the temperature reduced the background in the methamphetamine window, drastically improving its response (90% TPR and 3.8% FPR at 1 ng). On the contrary, the altered mode conditions increased the level of background for THC and heroin, partially offsetting observed enhancements to desorption. The presented framework demonstrated the significant effect environmental background distributions have on sensitivity and specificity. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.; Najarro, Marcela] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate under Interagency Agreement IAA [HSHQPM-15-T-00050]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQPM-15-T-00050 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2016 VL 141 IS 14 BP 4438 EP 4446 DI 10.1039/c6an00844e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA DR1QH UT WOS:000379679500026 PM 27206280 ER PT J AU Evangeliou, N Balkanski, Y Hao, WM Petkov, A Silverstein, RP Corley, R Nordgren, BL Urbanski, SP Eckhardt, S Stohl, A Tunved, P Crepinsek, S Jefferson, A Sharma, S Nojgaard, JK Skov, H AF Evangeliou, N. Balkanski, Y. Hao, W. M. Petkov, A. Silverstein, R. P. Corley, R. Nordgren, B. L. Urbanski, S. P. Eckhardt, S. Stohl, A. Tunved, P. Crepinsek, S. Jefferson, A. Sharma, S. Nojgaard, J. K. Skov, H. TI Wildfires in northern Eurasia affect the budget of black carbon in the Arctic - a 12-year retrospective synopsis (2002-2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; AEROSOL; MODEL; EMISSIONS; AEROCOM; POLLUTANTS; SULFATE; TRENDS; EUROPE AB In recent decades much attention has been given to the Arctic environment, where climate change is happening rapidly. Black carbon (BC) has been shown to be a major component of Arctic pollution that also affects the radiative balance. In the present study, we focused on how vegetation fires that occurred in northern Eurasia during the period of 2002-2013 influenced the budget of BC in the Arctic. For simulating the transport of fire emissions from northern Eurasia to the Arctic, we adopted BC fire emission estimates developed independently by GFED3 (Global Fire Emissions Database) and FEI-NE (Fire Emission Inventory - northern Eurasia). Both datasets were based on fire locations and burned areas detected by MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments on NASA's (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Terra and Aqua satellites. Anthropogenic sources of BC were adopted from the MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate and megacity Zoom for the Environment) emission inventory. During the 12-year period, an average area of 250aEuro-000aEuro-km(2)aEuro-yr(-1) was burned in northern Eurasia (FEI-NE) and the global emissions of BC ranged between 8.0 and 9.5aEuro-TgaEuro-yr(-1) (FEI-NE+MACCity). For the BC emitted in the Northern Hemisphere (based on FEI-NE+MACCity), about 70aEuro-% originated from anthropogenic sources and the rest from biomass burning (BB). Using the FEI-NE+MACCity inventory, we found that 102aEuro-+/- aEuro-29aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1) BC was deposited in the Arctic (defined here as the area north of 67A degrees aEuro-N) during the 12 years simulated, which was twice as much as when using the MACCity inventory (56aEuro-+/- aEuro-8aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1)). The annual mass of BC deposited in the Arctic from all sources (FEI-NE in northern Eurasia, MACCity elsewhere) is significantly higher by about 37aEuro-% in 2009 (78 vs. 57aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1)) to 181aEuro-% in 2012 (153 vs. 54aEuro-ktaEuro-yr(-1)), compared to the BC deposited using just the MACCity emission inventory. Deposition of BC in the Arctic from BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere thus represents 68aEuro-% of the BC deposited from all BC sources (the remaining being due to anthropogenic sources). Northern Eurasian vegetation fires (FEI-NE) contributed 85aEuro-% (79-91aEuro-%) to the BC deposited over the Arctic from all BB sources in the Northern Hemisphere. We estimate that about 46aEuro-% of the BC deposited over the Arctic from vegetation fires in northern Eurasia originated from Siberia, 6aEuro-% from Kazakhstan, 5aEuro-% from Europe, and about 1aEuro-% from Mongolia. The remaining 42aEuro-% originated from other areas in northern Eurasia. About 42aEuro-% of the BC released from northern Eurasian vegetation fires was deposited over the Arctic (annual average: 17aEuro-%) during spring and summer. C1 [Evangeliou, N.; Balkanski, Y.] CEA UVSQ CNRS UMR 8212, Inst Pierre & Simon Laplace, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Evangeliou, N.; Eckhardt, S.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res ATMOS, Kjeller, Norway. [Hao, W. M.; Petkov, A.; Silverstein, R. P.; Corley, R.; Nordgren, B. L.; Urbanski, S. P.] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Tunved, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Crepinsek, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Crepinsek, S.; Jefferson, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Polar Observat & Proc, Boulder, CO USA. [Sharma, S.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, S&T Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nojgaard, J. K.; Skov, H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Evangeliou, N (reprint author), CEA UVSQ CNRS UMR 8212, Inst Pierre & Simon Laplace, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.; Evangeliou, N (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res ATMOS, Kjeller, Norway. EM nikolaos.evangeliou@nilu.no RI Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; OI Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Evangeliou, Nikolaos/0000-0001-7196-1018 FU US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; NORRUSS research program of the Research Council of Norway [233642] FX This study was supported by the US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. We were granted access to the HPC resources of [CCRT/TGCC/CINES/IDRIS] under the allocation 2012-t2012012201 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). We would also like to acknowledge the World Data Centre for Aerosol, in which BC measurements from Arctic stations are hosted (http://ebas.nilu.no). Authors would like to acknowledge Dan Veber for calibration and instrument maintenance, as well as other technicians, students, and staff of CFS Alert for maintaining the site. We would also like to acknowledge the project entitled "Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Forcers near and in the Arctic (SLICFONIA)", which is funded by the NORRUSS research program of the Research Council of Norway (Project ID: 233642). NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7587 EP 7604 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7587-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300007 ER PT J AU Romer, PS Duffey, KC Wooldridge, PJ Allen, HM Ayres, BR Brown, SS Brune, WH Crounse, JD de Gouw, J Draper, DC Feiner, PA Fry, JL Goldstein, AH Koss, A Misztal, PK Nguyen, TB Olson, K Teng, AP Wennberg, PO Wild, RJ Zhang, L Cohen, RC AF Romer, Paul S. Duffey, Kaitlin C. Wooldridge, Paul J. Allen, Hannah M. Ayres, Benjamin R. Brown, Steven S. Brune, William H. Crounse, John D. de Gouw, Joost Draper, Danielle C. Feiner, Philip A. Fry, Juliane L. Goldstein, Allen H. Koss, Abigail Misztal, Pawel K. Nguyen, Tran B. Olson, Kevin Teng, Alex P. Wennberg, Paul O. Wild, Robert J. Zhang, Li Cohen, Ronald C. TI The lifetime of nitrogen oxides in an isoprene-dominated forest SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE INSTRUMENT; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; EDDY COVARIANCE FLUXES; OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; PEROXY NITRATES PAN; IN-SITU DETECTION; ALKYL NITRATES AB The lifetime of nitrogen oxides (NOx) affects the concentration and distribution of NOx and the spatial patterns of nitrogen deposition. Despite its importance, the lifetime of NOx is poorly constrained in rural and remote continental regions. We use measurements from a site in central Alabama during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer 2013 to provide new insights into the chemistry of NOx and NOx reservoirs. We find that the lifetime of NOx during the daytime is controlled primarily by the production and loss of alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (I ANs) pound. During SOAS, I AN pound production was rapid, averaging 90aEuro-pptaEuro-h(-1) during the day, and occurred predominantly during isoprene oxidation. Analysis of the I AN pound and HNO3 budgets indicate that I ANs pound have an average lifetime of under 2aEuro-h, and that approximately 45aEuro-% of the I ANs pound produced at this site are rapidly hydrolyzed to produce nitric acid. We find that I AN pound hydrolysis is the largest source of HNO3 and the primary pathway to permanent removal of NOx from the boundary layer in this location. Using these new constraints on the fate of I ANs pound, we find that the NOx lifetime is 11 +/- 5aEuro-h under typical midday conditions. The lifetime is extended by storage of NOx in temporary reservoirs, including acyl peroxy nitrates and I ANs pound. C1 [Romer, Paul S.; Duffey, Kaitlin C.; Wooldridge, Paul J.; Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Allen, Hannah M.; Ayres, Benjamin R.; Draper, Danielle C.; Fry, Juliane L.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Allen, Hannah M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brown, Steven S.; de Gouw, Joost; Koss, Abigail; Wild, Robert J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brune, William H.; Feiner, Philip A.; Zhang, Li] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Crounse, John D.; Nguyen, Tran B.; Teng, Alex P.; Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Koss, Abigail; Wild, Robert J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Draper, Danielle C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.; Misztal, Pawel K.; Olson, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nguyen, Tran B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X FU NSF; Earth Observing Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research; Electric Power Research Institute; NOAA Office of Global Programs [NA13OAR4310067]; NSF [AGS-1352972, AGS-1331360, AGS-1240604, AGS-1246918]; EPA STAR [835407]; Miller Institute for Basic Research FX Financial and logistical support for SOAS was provided by the NSF, the Earth Observing Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (operated by NSF), the personnel at Atmospheric Research and Analysis, and the Electric Power Research Institute. The Berkeley authors acknowledge the support of the NOAA Office of Global Programs (NA13OAR4310067) and the NSF (AGS-1352972) and by EPA STAR Grant 835407 (to Allen H. Goldstein). The Caltech authors acknowledge the support of the NSF (AGS-1331360, AGS-1240604). The Penn State authors acknowledge the support of the NSF (AGS-1246918). Ronald C. Cohen acknowledges support from the Miller Institute for Basic Research. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7623 EP 7637 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7623-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300009 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, Y Coburn, S Ono, K Ho, DT Pierce, RB Kawamura, K Volkamer, R AF Miyazaki, Yuzo Coburn, Sean Ono, Kaori Ho, David T. Pierce, R. Bradley Kawamura, Kimitaka Volkamer, Rainer TI Contribution of dissolved organic matter to submicron water-soluble organic aerosols in the marine boundary layer over the eastern equatorial Pacific SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; STABLE CARBON; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MIXING STATE; OCEAN; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE AB Stable carbon isotopic compositions of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and organic molecular markers were measured to investigate the relative contributions of the sea surface sources to the water-soluble fraction of submicron organic aerosols collected over the eastern equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated VOCs (TORERO)/KA-12-01 cruise. On average, the water-soluble organic fraction of the total carbon (TC) mass in submicron aerosols was similar to aEuro-30-35aEuro-% in the oceans with the low chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations, whereas it was similar to aEuro-60aEuro-% in the high-Chl a regions. The average stable carbon isotope ratio of WSOC (delta C-13(WSOC)) was -19.8aEuro-+/- aEuro-2.0aEuro-aEuro degrees, which was systematically higher than that of TC (delta C-13(TC)) (-21.8aEuro-+/- aEuro-1.4aEuro-aEuro degrees). We found that in the oceans with both high and low Chl a concentrations the delta C-13(WSOC) was close to the typical values of delta C-13 for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ranging from -22 to -20aEuro-aEuro degrees in surface seawater of the tropical Pacific Ocean. This suggests an enrichment of marine biological products in WSOC aerosols in the study region regardless of the oceanic area. In particular, enhanced levels of WSOC and biogenic organic marker compounds together with high values of WSOCaEuro-/aEuro-TC ( similar to aEuro-60aEuro-%) and delta C-13(WSOC) were observed over upwelling areas and phytoplankton blooms, which was attributed to planktonic tissues being more enriched in delta C-13. The delta C-13 analysis estimated that, on average, marine sources contribute similar to aEuro-90aEuro-+/- aEuro-25aEuro-% of the aerosol carbon, indicating the predominance of marine-derived carbon in the submicron WSOC. This conclusion is supported by Lagrangian trajectory analysis, which suggests that the majority of the sampling points on the ship had been exposed to marine boundary layer (MBL) air for more than 80aEuro-% of the time during the previous 7 days. The combined analysis of the delta C-13 and monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, demonstrated that DOC concentration was closely correlated with the concentration levels of submicron WSOC across the study region regardless of the oceanic area. The result implies that DOC may characterize background organic aerosols in the MBL over the study region. C1 [Miyazaki, Yuzo; Ono, Kaori; Kawamura, Kimitaka] Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. [Coburn, Sean; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coburn, Sean; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ho, David T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Miyazaki, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. EM yuzom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp RI Miyazaki, Yuzo/C-6920-2010; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan [25281002]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1104104]; NASA FX We thank all the researchers and crew of the NOAA R/V Ka'imimoana for their help with the observations, and the NOAA TAO program for cruise KA-12-01. This study was in part supported by Grant in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (25281002) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The TORERO project was funded by US National Science Foundation award AGS-1104104 (PI: R. Volkamer). Sean Coburn is the recipient of a NASA graduate fellowship. The views, opinions and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy or decision. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7695 EP 7707 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7695-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300014 ER PT J AU Su, LP Patton, EG de Arellano, JVG Guenther, AB Kaser, L Yuan, B Xiong, FLZ Shepson, PB Zhang, L Miller, DO Brune, WH Baumann, K Edgerton, E Weinheimer, A Misztal, PK Park, JH Goldstein, AH Skog, KM Keutsch, FN Mak, JE AF Su, Luping Patton, Edward G. de Arellano, Jordi Vila-Guerau Guenther, Alex B. Kaser, Lisa Yuan, Bin Xiong, Fulizi Shepson, Paul B. Zhang, Li Miller, David O. Brune, William H. Baumann, Karsten Edgerton, Eric Weinheimer, Andrew Misztal, Pawel K. Park, Jeong-Hoo Goldstein, Allen H. Skog, Kate M. Keutsch, Frank N. Mak, John E. TI Understanding isoprene photooxidation using observations and modeling over a subtropical forest in the southeastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; EDDY COVARIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EPOXIDE FORMATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS AB The emission, dispersion, and photochemistry of isoprene (C5H8) and related chemical species in the convective boundary layer (CBL) during sunlit daytime were studied over a mixed forest in the southeastern United States by combining ground-based and aircraft observations. Fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes were quantified at the top of the forest canopy using a high-resolution proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS). Snapshot (similar to aEuro-2aEuro-min sampling duration) vertical profiles of isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK)aEuro-+aEuro-methacrolein (MACR), and monoterpenes were collected from aircraft every hour in the CBL (100-1000aEuro-m). Both ground-based and airborne collected volatile organic compound (VOC) data are used to constrain the initial conditions of a mixed-layer chemistry model (MXLCH), which is applied to examine the chemical evolution of the O-3-NOx-HOx-VOC system and how it is affected by boundary layer dynamics in the CBL. The chemical loss rate of isoprene (similar to aEuro-1aEuro-h) is similar to the turbulent mixing timescale (0.1-0.5aEuro-h), which indicates that isoprene concentrations are equally dependent on both photooxidation and boundary layer dynamics. Analysis of a model-derived concentration budget suggests that diurnal evolution of isoprene inside the CBL is mainly controlled by surface emissions and chemical loss; the diurnal evolution of O-3 is dominated by entrainment. The NO to HO2 ratio (NOaEuro-:aEuro-HO2) is used as an indicator of anthropogenic impact on the CBL chemical composition and spans a wide range (1-163). The fate of hydroxyl-substituted isoprene peroxyl radical (HOC5H8OO center dot; ISOPOO) is strongly affected by NOaEuro-:aEuro-HO2, shifting from NO-dominant to NO-HO2-balanced conditions from early morning to noontime. This chemical regime change is reflected in the diurnal evolution of isoprene hydroxynitrates (ISOPN) and isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). C1 [Su, Luping; Mak, John E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Patton, Edward G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [de Arellano, Jordi Vila-Guerau] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Guenther, Alex B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Kaser, Lisa; Weinheimer, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Yuan, Bin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Bin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xiong, Fulizi; Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhang, Li; Miller, David O.; Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Baumann, Karsten; Edgerton, Eric] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Misztal, Pawel K.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Jeong-Hoo] Natl Inst Environm Res, Climate & Air Qual Res Dept, Inchon, South Korea. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skog, Kate M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, Frank N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mak, JE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM john.mak@stonybrook.edu RI Vila, Jordi /B-4538-2010; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Patton, Edward/0000-0001-5431-9541; YUAN, BIN/0000-0003-3041-0329 FU National Science Foundation; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR [R835407]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1628530]; UltraPure Air, LLC.; NCAR FX We thank the organizers of the SAS and FIXCIT study. We especially thank A. Turnipseed for providing VOC standard gas during the campaign and B. Hansen from Vaiden Field Airport for logistics. We would like to acknowledge operational, technical, and scientific support provided by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We thank the GEOS-Chem and MOZART model community. M. Dorris helped with the formaldehyde measurement. This study is supported by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR program (grant R835407), the National Science Foundation (NSF, grant AGS-1628530), and UltraPure Air, LLC. E. G. Patton was supported by NCAR's "Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen" (BEACHON) project. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7725 EP 7741 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7725-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300016 ER PT J AU McNorton, J Chipperfield, MP Gloor, M Wilson, C Feng, WH Hayman, GD Rigby, M Krummel, PB O'Doherty, S Prinn, RG Weiss, RF Young, D Dlugokencky, E Montzka, SA AF McNorton, Joe Chipperfield, Martyn P. Gloor, Manuel Wilson, Chris Feng, Wuhu Hayman, Garry D. Rigby, Matt Krummel, Paul B. O'Doherty, Simon Prinn, Ronald G. Weiss, Ray F. Young, Dickon Dlugokencky, Ed Montzka, Steve A. TI Role of OH variability in the stalling of the global atmospheric CH4 growth rate from 1999 to 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; TRANSPORT MODEL; IN-SITU; METHANE; EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERE; ECOSYSTEMS AB The growth in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations over the past 2 decades has shown large variability on a timescale of several years. Prior to 1999 the globally averaged CH4 concentration was increasing at a rate of 6.0aEuro-ppbaEuro-yr(-1), but during a stagnation period from 1999 to 2006 this growth rate slowed to 0.6aEuro-ppbaEuro-yr(-1). From 2007 to 2009 the growth rate again increased to 4.9aEuro-ppbaEuro-yr(-1). These changes in growth rate are usually ascribed to variations in CH4 emissions. We have used a 3-D global chemical transport model, driven by meteorological reanalyses and variations in global mean hydroxyl (OH) concentrations derived from CH3CCl3 observations from two independent networks, to investigate these CH4 growth variations. The model shows that between 1999 and 2006 changes in the CH4 atmospheric loss contributed significantly to the suppression in global CH4 concentrations relative to the pre-1999 trend. The largest factor in this is relatively small variations in global mean OH on a timescale of a few years, with minor contributions of atmospheric transport of CH4 to its sink region and of atmospheric temperature. Although changes in emissions may be important during the stagnation period, these results imply a smaller variation is required to explain the observed CH4 trends. The contribution of OH variations to the renewed CH4 growth after 2007 cannot be determined with data currently available. C1 [McNorton, Joe; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Wilson, Chris; Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [McNorton, Joe; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Wilson, Chris] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Gloor, Manuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Feng, Wuhu] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hayman, Garry D.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Rigby, Matt; O'Doherty, Simon; Young, Dickon] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Krummel, Paul B.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Prinn, Ronald G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dlugokencky, Ed; Montzka, Steve A.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP McNorton, J (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.; McNorton, J (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eejrm@leeds.ac.uk RI Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008 OI Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120 FU NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); NERC [NE/K002244/1, NE/F005806/1, NE/I021365/1]; European Space Agency; NCEO; NERC MAMM [NE/I028327/1]; NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 programme; NASA [NNX11AF17G, NNX11AF15G, NNX11AF16G]; NOAA; UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); UK Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC); CSIRO; Australian Bureau of Meteorology FX J. McNorton thanks NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) for a studentship. C. Wilson, M. P. Chipperfield and M. Gloor acknowledge support from NERC grants GAUGE (NE/K002244/1) and AMAZONICA (NE/F005806/1). G. D. Hayman acknowledges support from the European Space Agency through its Support to Science Element initiative (ALANIS Methane), NCEO, and the NERC MAMM grant (NE/I028327/1). S. A. Montzka acknowledges support in part from NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 programme. AGAGE is supported by NASA grants NNX11AF17G to MIT and NNX11AF15G and NNX11AF16G to SIO, by NOAA, by UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and UK Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) grants to Bristol University, and by CSIRO and Australian Bureau of Meteorology. M. Rigby is supported by a NERC Advanced Fellowship (NE/I021365/1). Model calculations were performed on the Arc1 and Archer supercomputers. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 7943 EP 7956 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7943-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300029 ER PT J AU Davis, ME Bernard, F McGillen, MR Fleming, EL Burkholder, JB AF Davis, Maxine E. Bernard, Francois McGillen, Max R. Fleming, Eric L. Burkholder, James B. TI UV and infrared absorption spectra, atmospheric lifetimes, and ozone depletion and global warming potentials for CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SUBSTANCES; IMPACT; INTENSITIES; MODEL AB The potential impact of CCl2FCF3 (CFC-114a) and the recently observed CCl2FCCl2F (CFC-112), CCl3CClF2 (CFC-112a), and CCl3CF3 (CFC-113a) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on stratospheric ozone and climate is presently not well characterized. In this study, the UV absorption spectra of these CFCs were measured between 192.5 and 235aEuro-nm over the temperature range 207-323aEuro-K. Precise parameterizations of the UV absorption spectra are presented. A 2-D atmospheric model was used to evaluate the CFC atmospheric loss processes, lifetimes, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs), and the associated uncertainty ranges in these metrics due to the kinetic and photochemical uncertainty. The CFCs are primarily removed in the stratosphere by short-wavelength UV photolysis with calculated global annually averaged steady-state lifetimes (years) of 63.6 (61.9-64.7), 51.5 (50.0-52.6), 55.4 (54.3-56.3), and 105.3 (102.9-107.4) for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. The range of lifetimes given in parentheses is due to the 2 sigma uncertainty in the UV absorption spectra and O(D-1) rate coefficients included in the model calculations. The 2-D model was also used to calculate the CFC ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) with values of 0.98, 0.86, 0.73, and 0.72 obtained for CFC-112, CFC-112a, CFC-113a, and CFC-114a, respectively. Using the infrared absorption spectra and lifetimes determined in this work, the CFC global warming potentials (GWPs) were estimated to be 4260 (CFC-112), 3330 (CFC-112a), 3650 (CFC-113a), and 6510 (CFC-114a) for the 100-year time horizon. C1 [Davis, Maxine E.; Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, Maxine E.; Bernard, Francois; McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Maxine E.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI BERNARD, Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. The Supplement includes digitized infrared spectra as well as additional figures, model results, and tables. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 12 BP 8043 EP 8052 DI 10.5194/acp-16-8043-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VZ UT WOS:000379417300035 ER PT J AU Hubert, D Lambert, JC Verhoelst, T Granville, J Keppens, A Baray, JL Bourassa, AE Cortesi, U Degenstein, DA Froidevaux, L Godin-Beekmann, S Hoppel, KW Johnson, BJ Kyrola, E Leblanc, T Lichtenberg, G Marchand, M McElroy, CT Murtagh, D Nakane, H Portafaix, T Querel, R Russell, JM Salvador, J Smit, HGJ Stebel, K Steinbrecht, W Strawbridge, KB Stubi, R Swart, DPJ Taha, G Tarasick, DW Thompson, AM Urban, J van Gijsel, JAE Van Malderen, R von der Gathen, P Walker, KA Wolfram, E Zawodny, JM AF Hubert, Daan Lambert, Jean-Christopher Verhoelst, Tijl Granville, Jose Keppens, Arno Baray, Jean-Luc Bourassa, Adam E. Cortesi, Ugo Degenstein, Doug A. Froidevaux, Lucien Godin-Beekmann, Sophie Hoppel, Karl W. Johnson, Bryan J. Kyrola, Erkki Leblanc, Thierry Lichtenberg, Guenter Marchand, Marion McElroy, C. Thomas Murtagh, Donal Nakane, Hideaki Portafaix, Thierry Querel, Richard Russell, James M., III Salvador, Jacobo Smit, Herman G. J. Stebel, Kerstin Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Strawbridge, Kevin B. Stubi, Rene Swart, Daan P. J. Taha, Ghassan Tarasick, David W. Thompson, Anne M. Urban, Joachim van Gijsel, Joanna A. E. Van Malderen, Roeland von der Gathen, Peter Walker, Kaley A. Wolfram, Elian Zawodny, Joseph M. TI Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SAGE-II; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; POAM-III; DATA SET; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; RELATIVE DRIFTS; ERROR ANALYSIS; PAST CHANGES AB The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than +/- 5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most +/- 5% decade(-1) (or even +/- 3% decade(-1) for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses. C1 [Hubert, Daan; Lambert, Jean-Christopher; Verhoelst, Tijl; Granville, Jose; Keppens, Arno] Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Baray, Jean-Luc; Portafaix, Thierry] Univ Reunion, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones, Meteo France,OSU Reunion, St Denis, Reunion. [Baray, Jean-Luc] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Bourassa, Adam E.; Degenstein, Doug A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Inst Space & Atmospher Studies, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Cortesi, Ugo] Ist Fis Appl Nello Carrara Consiglio Nazl Ric, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Froidevaux, Lucien] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Marchand, Marion] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere Milieux Observ Spatiales, Paris, France. [Hoppel, Karl W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson, Bryan J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kyrola, Erkki] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Leblanc, Thierry] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Lichtenberg, Guenter] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [McElroy, C. Thomas] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Murtagh, Donal; Urban, Joachim] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Nakane, Hideaki] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi, Japan. [Nakane, Hideaki] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Querel, Richard] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Salvador, Jacobo; Wolfram, Elian] CEILAP UNIDEF MINDEF CONICET, UMI IFAECI CNRS 3351, Villa Martelli, Argentina. [Smit, Herman G. J.] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, Julich, Germany. [Stebel, Kerstin] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Steinbrecht, Wolfgang] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observatorium, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Strawbridge, Kevin B.; Tarasick, David W.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stubi, Rene] MeteoSwiss, Payerne Aerol Stn, Payerne, Switzerland. [Swart, Daan P. J.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Taha, Ghassan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Taha, Ghassan; Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [van Gijsel, Joanna A. E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Van Malderen, Roeland] Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, Brussels, Belgium. [von der Gathen, Peter] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Zawodny, Joseph M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Hubert, D (reprint author), Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. EM daan.hubert@aeronomie.be RI von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; van Gijsel, Joanna/F-8087-2010; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU ESA; EU under FP6 project GEOmon [FP6-2005-Global-4-036677]; ESA's CCI Ozone project; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); ProDEx project SECPEA; ProDEx project A3C; ESA/ProDEx projects Ex Val [C90190, CN1-4]; Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA; NOAA; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German (DLR) space agency; Dutch (NSO) space agency; Belgian contribution via BIRA-IASB; space agency of Sweden; space agency of Canada; space agency of Finland; space agency of France FX Part of this work was funded by ESA projects Multi-TASTE and VALID, by the EU under FP6 project GEOmon (FP6-2005-Global-4-036677), and by ESA's CCI Ozone project. D. Hubert, A. Keppens and T. Verhoelst acknowledge national funding from the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) and ProDEx projects SECPEA and A3C. K. Stebel acknowledges funding from the ESA/ProDEx projects Ex Val (C90190, CN1-4, 2005-2011). J. A. E. van Gijsel and D. Swart acknowledge support from the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment. Work performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We are also grateful to C. De Clercq, D. Pieroux and S. Vandenbussche for their valuable input. The ozonesonde and lidar data used in this publication were obtained as part of WMO's Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and two of its main contributors, namely, the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes programme (SHADOZ). The authors acknowledge the meticulous and sustained work of the PIs and staff at ozonesonde and lidar stations to acquire and maintain long-term ozone data records of high quality. The data records are publicly available via the NDACC Data Host Facility (http://www.ndacc.org), the SHADOZ archive (http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz) and the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (http://www.woudc.org). NDACC and SHADOZ are supported by meteorological services and space agencies from many countries, with archives funded by NASA and NOAA. We acknowledge the work by F. Posny, as PI of the ozonesonde observations at Reunion Island. The authors also thank the satellite science and processing teams and the contributing space agencies. Measurements from the SAGE and HALOE missions are provided and maintained through support from NASA's Earth Science Division. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA-MACHY) is a joint contribution of Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium to ESA's environmental satellite Envisat and is funded by the German (DLR) and Dutch (NSO) space agencies with Belgian contribution via BIRA-IASB. Sweden's Odin satellite carries the atmospheric and astronomical missions OSIRIS and SMR, developed and funded jointly by the space agencies of Sweden, Canada, Finland and France. This work is dedicated to our much appreciated colleague J. Urban, who regrettably passed away. NR 111 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2497 EP 2534 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100004 ER PT J AU Fu, DJ Bowman, KW Worden, HM Natraj, V Worden, JR Yu, SS Veefkind, P Aben, I Landgraf, J Strow, L Han, Y AF Fu, Dejian Bowman, Kevin W. Worden, Helen M. Natraj, Vijay Worden, John R. Yu, Shanshan Veefkind, Pepijn Aben, Ilse Landgraf, Jochen Strow, Larrabee Han, Yong TI High-resolution tropospheric carbon monoxide profiles retrieved from CrIS and TROPOMI SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; ORDINATE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; OZONE; MODEL; POLLUTION; MISSION AB The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument is the only satellite-borne sensor in operation that uses both thermal (TIR) and near-infrared (NIR) channels to estimate CO profiles. With more than 15 years (2000 to present) of validated multispectral observations, MOPITT provides the unique capability to separate CO in the lowermost troposphere (LMT, surface to 3 km (similar to 700 hPa)) from the free-tropospheric abundance. To extend this record, a new, hyper-spectral approach is presented here that will provide CO data products exceeding the capabilities of MOPITT by combining the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR, equivalent to the MOPITT NIR) channels from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to be launched aboard the European Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5p) satellite in 2016 and the TIR channels from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite. We apply the MUlti-SpEctra, MUlti-SpEcies, Multi-SEnsors (MUSES) retrieval algorithm to quantify the potential of this joint CO product. CO profiles are retrieved from a single-footprint, full-spectral-resolution CrIS transect over Africa on 27-28 August 2013 coincident with significant biomass burning. Comparisons of collocated CrIS and MOPITT CO observations for the LMT show a mean difference of 2.8 +/- 24.9 ppb, which is well within the estimated measurement uncertainty of both sensors. The estimated degrees of freedom (DOF) for CO signals from synergistic CrIS-TROPOMI retrievals are approximately 0.9 in the LMT and 1.3 above the LMT, which indicates that the LMT CO can be distinguished from the free troposphere, similar to MOPITT multispectral observations (0.8 in the LMT, and 1.1 above the LMT). In addition to increased sensitivity, the combined retrievals reduce measurement uncertainty, with similar to 15% error reduction in the LMT. With a daily global coverage and a combined spatial footprint of 14 km, the joint CrIS-TROPOMI measurements have the potential to extend and improve upon the MOPITT multispectral CO data records for the coming decade. C1 [Fu, Dejian; Bowman, Kevin W.; Natraj, Vijay; Worden, John R.; Yu, Shanshan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Veefkind, Pepijn] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Veefkind, Pepijn] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Geosci & Remote Sensing, Stevinweg 1, Delft, Netherlands. [Aben, Ilse; Landgraf, Jochen] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. RP Fu, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. EM dejian.fu@jpl.nasa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Yu, Shanshan/D-8733-2016 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; FU NASA ROSE Atmospheric Composition: AURA Science Team program [NNN13D455T]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank David Crisp, Annmarie Eldering, Michael R. Gunson, Susan S. Kulawik, Karen Cady-Pereira, Vivienne H. Payne, Bradley R. Pierce, and Stanley P. Sander for many helpful discussions. Support from the NASA ROSE-2013 Atmospheric Composition: AURA Science Team program (grant number: NNN13D455T) is gratefully acknowledged. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We than the editor, I. Moradi for his excellent work. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2567 EP 2579 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2567-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100007 ER PT J AU Nowlan, CR Liu, X Leitch, J Chance, K Abad, GG Liu, C Zoogman, P Cole, J Delker, T Good, W Murcray, F Ruppert, L Soo, D Follette-Cook, MB Janz, SJ Kowalewski, MG Loughner, CP Pickering, KE Herman, JR Beaver, MR Long, RW Szykman, JJ Judd, LM Kelley, P Luke, WT Ren, XR Al-Saadi, JA AF Nowlan, Caroline R. Liu, Xiong Leitch, JamesW. Chance, Kelly Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez Liu, Cheng Zoogman, Peter Cole, Joshua Delker, Thomas Good, William Murcray, Frank Ruppert, Lyle Soo, Daniel Follette-Cook, Melanie B. Janz, Scott J. Kowalewski, Matthew G. Loughner, Christopher P. Pickering, Kenneth E. Herman, Jay R. Beaver, Melinda R. Long, Russell W. Szykman, James J. Judd, Laura M. Kelley, Paul Luke, Winston T. Ren, Xinrong Al-Saadi, Jassim A. TI Nitrogen dioxide observations from the Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument: Retrieval algorithm and measurements during DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; IMAGING DOAS INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2 RETRIEVAL; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; FORMALDEHYDE; OMI; SCATTERING AB The Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument is a test bed for upcoming air quality satellite instruments that will measure backscattered ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light from geostationary orbit. GeoTASO flew on the NASA Falcon aircraft in its first intensive field measurement campaign during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Earth Venture Mission over Houston, Texas, in September 2013. Measurements of backscattered solar radiation between 420 and 465 nm collected on 4 days during the campaign are used to determine slant column amounts of NO2 at 250 m x 250 m spatial resolution with a fitting precision of 2.2 x 10(15) molecules cm(-2). These slant columns are converted to tropospheric NO2 vertical columns using a radiative transfer model and trace gas profiles from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Total column NO2 from GeoTASO is well correlated with ground-based Pandora observations (r = 0 : 90 on the most polluted and cloud-free day of measurements and r = 0.74 overall), with GeoTASO NO2 slightly higher for the most polluted observations. Surface NO2 mixing ratios inferred from GeoTASO using the CMAQ model show good correlation with NO2 measured in situ at the surface during the campaign (r = 0 : 85). NO2 slant columns from GeoTASO also agree well with preliminary retrievals from the GEO-CAPE Airborne Simulator (GCAS) which flew on the NASA King Air B200 (r = 0.81, slope = 0.91). Enhanced NO2 is resolvable over areas of traffic NOx emissions and near individual petrochemical facilities. C1 [Nowlan, Caroline R.; Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly; Abad, Gonzalo Gonzalez; Liu, Cheng; Zoogman, Peter] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leitch, JamesW.; Cole, Joshua; Delker, Thomas; Good, William; Murcray, Frank; Ruppert, Lyle; Soo, Daniel] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Follette-Cook, Melanie B.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Follette-Cook, Melanie B.; Janz, Scott J.; Kowalewski, Matthew G.; Loughner, Christopher P.; Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Loughner, Christopher P.; Kelley, Paul; Ren, Xinrong] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Herman, Jay R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Beaver, Melinda R.; Long, Russell W.; Szykman, James J.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Judd, Laura M.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Kelley, Paul; Luke, Winston T.; Ren, Xinrong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Al-Saadi, Jassim A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Liu, Cheng] Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Nowlan, CR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cnowlan@cfa.harvard.edu RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo/0000-0002-8090-6480; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program; NASA GEO-CAPE Program FX This work was supported under the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program and the NASA GEO-CAPE Program. MODIS MCD43GF V005 data were provided by the MODIS remote sensing group at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from GOME-2/Metop-A from http://www.temis.nl. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under the Air, Climate and Energy Research Program collaborated on this research. It has been subjected to agency review and approved for publication. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2647 EP 2668 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2647-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100013 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Koss, A Warneke, C Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Stark, H de Gouw, JA AF Yuan, Bin Koss, Abigail Warneke, Carsten Gilman, Jessica B. Lerner, Brian M. Stark, Harald de Gouw, Joost A. TI A high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer utilizing hydronium ions (H3O+ ToF-CIMS) for measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; PTR-MS; HUMIDITY DEPENDENCE; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; INSTRUMENT; AEROSOL; CALIBRATION; MOLECULES; SPECTRA AB Proton transfer reactions between hydronium ions (H3O+) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) provide a fast and highly sensitive technique for VOC measurements, leading to extensive use of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in atmospheric research. Based on the same ionization approach, we describe the development of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) utilizing H3O+ as the reagent ion. The new H3O+ ToF-CIMS has sensitivities of 100-1000 cps ppb(-1) (ion counts per second per part-per-billion mixing ratio of VOC) and detection limits of 20-600 ppt at 3 sigma for a 1 s integration time for simultaneous measurements of many VOC species of atmospheric relevance. The ToF analyzer with mass resolution (m/Delta m) of up to 6000 allows the separation of isobaric masses, as shown in previous studies using similar ToF-MS. While radio frequency (RF)-only quadrupole ion guides provide better overall ion transmission than ion lens system, low-mass cutoff of RF-only quadrupole causes H3O+ ions to be transmitted less efficiently than heavier masses, which leads to unusual humidity dependence of reagent ions and difficulty obtaining a humidity-independent parameter for normalization. The humidity dependence of the instrument was characterized for various VOC species and the behaviors for different species can be explained by compound-specific properties that affect the ion chemistry (e.g., proton affinity and dipole moment). The new H3O+ ToF-CIMS was successfully deployed on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft for the SONGNEX campaign in spring of 2015. The measured mixing ratios of several aromatics from the H3O+ ToF-CIMS agreed within +/- 10% with independent gas chromatography measurements from whole air samples. Initial results from the SONGNEX measurements demonstrate that the H3O+ ToF-CIMS data set will be valuable for the identification and characterization of emissions from various sources, investigation of secondary formation of many photochemical organic products and therefore the chemical evolution of gas-phase organic carbon in the atmosphere. C1 [Yuan, Bin; Koss, Abigail; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yuan, Bin; Koss, Abigail; Warneke, Carsten; Lerner, Brian M.; Stark, Harald; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koss, Abigail; Stark, Harald; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Yuan, B (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Yuan, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bin.yuan@noaa.gov RI Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329 FU NSF Graduate Fellowship Program; CIRES Graduate Student Research Award FX We would like to thank Andy Newman for providing the permeation source of formic acid and Yong Liu and James Roberts for providing the calibration source of isocyanic acid. A. Koss acknowledges support from the NSF Graduate Fellowship Program and the CIRES Graduate Student Research Award. We gratefully acknowledge the support from our colleagues at the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center for help with the installation of the instrument on the NOAA WP-3D and conducting the flights. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 20 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2735 EP 2752 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2735-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7OM UT WOS:000379397100019 ER PT J AU Koss, AR Warneke, C Yuan, B Coggon, MM Veres, PR de Gouw, JA AF Koss, Abigail R. Warneke, Carsten Yuan, Bin Coggon, Matthew M. Veres, Patrick R. de Gouw, Joost A. TI Evaluation of NO+ reagent ion chemistry for online measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE GAS-ANALYSIS; FLOW TUBE; SIFT-MS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; O-2(+) IONS; PTR-MS; H3O+; DIESEL; SERIES AB NO+ chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NO+ CIMS) can achieve fast (1aEuro-Hz and faster) online measurement of trace atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that cannot be ionized with H3O+ ions (e.g., in a PTR-MS or H3O+ CIMS instrument). Here we describe the adaptation of a high-resolution time-of-flight H3O+ CIMS instrument to use NO+ primary ion chemistry. We evaluate the NO+ technique with respect to compound specificity, sensitivity, and VOC species measured compared to H3O+. The evaluation is established by a series of experiments including laboratory investigation using a gas-chromatography (GC) interface, in situ measurement of urban air using a GC interface, and direct in situ measurement of urban air. The main findings are that (1) NO+ is useful for isomerically resolved measurements of carbonyl species; (2) NO+ can achieve sensitive detection of small (C-4-C-8) branched alkanes but is not unambiguous for most; and (3) compound-specific measurement of some alkanes, especially isopentane, methylpentane, and high-mass (C-12-C-15) n-alkanes, is possible with NO+. We also demonstrate fast in situ chemically specific measurements of C-12 to C-15 alkanes in ambient air. C1 [Koss, Abigail R.; Warneke, Carsten; Yuan, Bin; Coggon, Matthew M.; Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Koss, Abigail R.; Warneke, Carsten; Yuan, Bin; Coggon, Matthew M.; Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koss, Abigail R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Koss, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Koss, AR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Koss, AR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM abigail.koss@noaa.gov RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; FU CIRES IRP project FX P. Veres and C. Warneke obtained CIRES IRP project funding. B. Yuan, A. Koss, C. Warneke, and J. de Gouw developed the ToF-CIMS instrument. A. Koss converted the instrument from H3O+ to NO+, designed the experiments, collected data, and wrote the manuscript. A. Koss and M. Coggon analyzed data. C. Warneke and J. de Gouw provided guidance on experimental design and interpretation. All authors edited the manuscript. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 21 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 7 BP 2909 EP 2925 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2909-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ7VY UT WOS:000379417200008 ER PT S AU Petrillo, KG Dennis, ML Juarez, JC Souza, KT Baumann, E Bergeron, H Coddington, I Deschenes, JD Giorgetta, FR Newbury, NR Sinclair, LC Swann, WC AF Petrillo, Keith G. Dennis, Michael L. Juarez, Juan C. Souza, Katherine T. Baumann, Esther Bergeron, Hugo Coddington, Ian Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Newbury, Nathan R. Sinclair, Laura C. Swann, William C. BE Thomas, LM Spillar, EJ TI Enhanced Link Availability for Free Space Optical Time-Frequency Transfer Using Adaptive Optic Terminals SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation XIII CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Time and frequency transfer; optical combs; free space optics; ultrafast optics ID FIBER NETWORK; ANTENNA GAIN; SYNCHRONIZATION; LASER AB Optical time and frequency transfer offers extremely high precision wireless synchronization across multiple platforms for untethered distributed systems. While large apertures provide antenna gain for wireless systems which leads to robust link budgets and operation over increased distance, turbulence disrupts the beam and limits the full realization of the antenna gain. Adaptive optics can correct for phase distortions due to turbulence which potentially increases the total gain of the aperture to that for diffraction-limited operation. Here, we explore the use of adaptive optics terminals for free-space time and frequency transfer. We find that the requirement of reciprocity in a two-way time and frequency transfer link is maintained during the phase compensation of adaptive optics, and that the enhanced link budget due to aperture gain allows for potential system operation over ranges of at least tens of kilometers. C1 [Petrillo, Keith G.; Dennis, Michael L.; Juarez, Juan C.; Souza, Katherine T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Baumann, Esther; Bergeron, Hugo; Coddington, Ian; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Newbury, Nathan R.; Sinclair, Laura C.; Swann, William C.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Petrillo, KG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0074-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9833 AR 983308 DI 10.1117/12.2229648 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BF0ST UT WOS:000379405500006 ER PT J AU Kent, K Himes-Cornell, A AF Kent, Keeley Himes-Cornell, Amber TI Making Landfall: Linkages between Fishing Communities and Support Services SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; fishing communities; fishing industry; support services; well-being ID ECONOMIC-IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RESILIENCE AB The relationship between the fishing industry and the fisheries-related support service sector creates economic benefits for communities through the strong linkages between fishermen and their land-based suppliers and the induced or multiplier effects from fisheries revenue. The support service sector is embedded within fishing communities where the impacts of fisheries management changes are perpetuated. This article examines the potential for such impacts by evaluating the diversity of fishing gear use, ex-vessel revenue, presence of processing plants, public moorage, and haul-out or tidal grids, and the number of vessels in a community, in relation to the availability of support services in communities in Alaska. The results show that the presence of a processor and haul-out facilities in a community significantly affects the number of support service businesses; however, there is not a strong association with the number of vessels or ex-vessel revenue. One hypothesis is that fishermen often travel to other communities to obtain services. We evaluate this hypothesis using social network analysis to evaluate transfers of revenue for fishery-related goods and services. Ultimately, this informs the exploration of the importance of support service businesses and fishery-support infrastructure to the continued well-being of fishing communities. C1 [Kent, Keeley] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, Juneau, AK USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, European Inst Marine Sci IUEM, Plouzane, France. RP Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amber.himes@noaa.gov FU Office of Science and Technology of the National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this research came from the Office of Science and Technology of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Marine Fisheries Service or the Universite de Bretagne Occidentale. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 4 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1135276 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DQ6YU UT WOS:000379354000001 ER PT S AU D'Errico, R Yazdandoost, KY Rosini, R Sayrafian, K Kumpuniemi, T Cotton, S Mackowiak, M AF D'Errico, R. Yazdandoost, K. Yekeh Rosini, R. Sayrafian, K. Kumpuniemi, T. Cotton, S. Mackowiak, M. BE Cardona, N TI Wireless Body Area Communications SO COOPERATIVE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FOR GREEN SMART ENVIRONMENTS SE River Publishers Series in Communications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [D'Errico, R.] Commissariat Energieatomiqueet Energies Alternat, Antenna & Propagat Lab, Syst & Solut Integrat Dept, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France. [Yazdandoost, K. Yekeh] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Wireless Network Res Inst, Dependable Wireless Lab, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Rosini, R.] Lepidaspa, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Sayrafian, K.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumpuniemi, T.] Univ Oulu, DCE, CWC, SF-90100 Oulu, Finland. [Cotton, S.] Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Elect Commun & Informat Technol ECIT, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Mackowiak, M.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. RP D'Errico, R (reprint author), Commissariat Energieatomiqueet Energies Alternat, Antenna & Propagat Lab, Syst & Solut Integrat Dept, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RIVER PUBLISHERS PI AALBORG PA NIELS JERNES VEJ 10, AALBORG, 9220, DENMARK SN 2445-4842 BN 978-87-93379-14-5; 978-87-93379-15-2 J9 RIVER PUBL SER COMM PY 2016 VL 47 BP 151 EP 194 PG 44 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE9QG UT WOS:000378060200006 ER PT J AU Petty, AA Tsamados, MC Kurtz, NT Farrell, SL Newman, T Harbeck, JP Feltham, DL Richter-Menge, JA AF Petty, Alek A. Tsamados, Michel C. Kurtz, Nathan T. Farrell, Sinead L. Newman, Thomas Harbeck, Jeremy P. Feltham, Daniel L. Richter-Menge, Jackie A. TI Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SNOW DEPTH; FORM DRAG; VARIABILITY; THICKNESS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; GREENLAND; STRESS; RIDGES AB We present an analysis of Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution, three-dimensional surface elevation data from the Airborne Topographic Mapper, flown as part of NASA's Operation IceBridge mission. Surface features in the sea ice cover are detected using a newly developed surface feature picking algorithm. We derive information regarding the height, volume and geometry of surface features from 2009 to 2014 within the Beaufort/Chukchi and Central Arctic regions. The results are delineated by ice type to estimate the topographic variability across first-year and multi-year ice regimes. The results demonstrate that Arctic sea ice topography exhibits significant spatial variability, mainly driven by the increased surface feature height and volume (per unit area) of the multi-year ice that dominates the Central Arctic region. The multi-year ice topography exhibits greater interannual variability compared to the first-year ice regimes, which dominates the total ice topography variability across both regions. The ice topography also shows a clear coastal dependency, with the feature height and volume increasing as a function of proximity to the nearest coastline, especially north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A strong correlation between ice topography and ice thickness (from the IceBridge sea ice product) is found, using a square-root relationship. The results allude to the importance of ice deformation variability in the total sea ice mass balance, and provide crucial information regarding the tail of the ice thickness distribution across the western Arctic. Future research priorities associated with this new data set are presented and discussed, especially in relation to calculations of atmospheric form drag. C1 [Petty, Alek A.; Farrell, Sinead L.; Newman, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Petty, Alek A.; Kurtz, Nathan T.; Farrell, Sinead L.; Harbeck, Jeremy P.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tsamados, Michel C.] UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London, England. [Farrell, Sinead L.; Newman, Thomas] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Feltham, Daniel L.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Reading, Berks, England. [Richter-Menge, Jackie A.] Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Petty, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Petty, AA (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM alek.a.petty@nasa.gov RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; Petty, Alek/0000-0003-0307-3216 FU NASA IceBridge Project Science Office, NASA [NNX13AK36G]; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX This work was supported by the NASA IceBridge Project Science Office, NASA grant NNX13AK36G, and the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing Program. We acknowledge and sincerely appreciate the efforts of the various IceBridge team members who contributed to the collection, processing and archiving of the various data sets utilized in this study. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2016 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1161 EP 1179 DI 10.5194/tc-10-1161-2016 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DQ7VH UT WOS:000379415500014 ER PT J AU Matsuzawa, Y Kamezaki, N Ishihara, T Omuta, K Takeshita, H Goto, K Arata, T Honda, H Kameda, K Kashima, Y Kayo, M Kawazu, I Kodama, J Kumazawa, Y Kuroyanagi, K Mizobuchi, K Mizuno, K Oki, K Watanabe, KK Yamamoto, A Yamashita, Y Yamato, T Hamabata, T Ishizaki, A Dutton, PH AF Matsuzawa, Y. Kamezaki, N. Ishihara, T. Omuta, K. Takeshita, H. Goto, K. Arata, T. Honda, H. Kameda, K. Kashima, Y. Kayo, M. Kawazu, I. Kodama, J. Kumazawa, Y. Kuroyanagi, K. Mizobuchi, K. Mizuno, K. Oki, K. Watanabe, K. K. Yamamoto, A. Yamashita, Y. Yamato, T. Hamabata, T. Ishizaki, A. Dutton, P. H. TI Fine-scale genetic population structure of loggerhead turtles in the Northwest Pacific SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial DNA; Management units; Population differentiation; Caretta caretta ID CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; CARETTA-CARETTA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; STOCK STRUCTURE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; ATLANTIC; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; JAPAN AB Effective conservation of globally distributed marine species relies on identification of demographically independent populations to ensure that management actions are directed at the appropriate scale. This identification is particularly challenging for species with complex life histories when local breeding populations have not been adequately sampled. We used mtDNA to analyze the population structure of loggerhead turtles from a total of 555 samples collected from 12 nesting sites in Japan in the Northwest Pacific, including previously unsampled rookeries in the Ryukyu Archipelago, for a comprehensive coverage of the nesting distribution. We identified a total of 9 haplotypes based on 820 bp of the mtDNA control region, including 5 variants of a single previously described 380 bp haplotype. We discovered that 1 haplotype (CcP1.1) previously rare in the North Pacific is common in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Based on analysis of haplotype frequencies, we found significant differentiation among regionally grouped nesting populations (analysis of molecular variance p < 0.0001, df = 8; pairwise F-ST ranging from 0.033 to 0.145). Our results provide evidence to support the recognition of 3 management units (MU) within the NW Pacific Regional Management Unit (RMU). These include (1) the Ryukyu MU that includes Okinawa, Okinoerabu and Amami, (2) Yakushima Island MU and (3) a Mainland MU that includes Bousou, Enshu-nada, Shikoku, Kii and Eastern Kyushu. These new data from Japan will provide important baseline data for global genetic stock assessments and contribute to our understanding of the population structure, ecology and life history of this migratory marine species in the northern Pacific. C1 [Matsuzawa, Y.; Ishihara, T.; Kayo, M.; Yamato, T.] Sea Turtle Assoc Japan, 5-17-18 Nagaomotomati, Hirakata, Osaka 5730163, Japan. [Matsuzawa, Y.; Kamezaki, N.; Ishihara, T.] Suma Aqualife Pk Kobe,1-3-5 Wakamiya Cho, Kobe, Hyogo 6540049, Japan. [Kamezaki, N.] Okayama Univ Sci, 1-1 Ridai Cho, Okayama, Okayama 7000005, Japan. [Omuta, K.] Yakushima Umigame Kan, 489-8 Nagata, Kagoshima 8914201, Japan. [Takeshita, H.; Kodama, J.] Miyazaki Wildlife Res Grp, 1-5-14 GakuenKihanadaikita, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8892152, Japan. [Goto, K.] Minabe Sea Turtle Res Grp, 278 Higashiyoshida, Wakayama 6450001, Japan. [Arata, T.] Doren Camp Site,2887-9 Ankyaba, Kagoshima 8940323, Japan. [Honda, H.] Churagami Univ Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Kameda, K.] Sea Turtle Assoc Japan, Kuroshima Res Inst, 136 Kuroshima, Okinawa 9071311, Japan. [Kashima, Y.] 193 Miyanomoto, Tokushima 7750012, Japan. [Kawazu, I.] Okinawa Churashima Res Ctr, 888 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 9050206, Japan. [Kumazawa, Y.] 3302-1 Higashimorogi, Kochi 7810315, Japan. [Kuroyanagi, K.] Minamichita Beachland Aquarium, Mihama Ku, 428-1 Okuda, Chita, Aichi 4703233, Japan. [Mizobuchi, K.] 372-4 Fuwa, Kochi 7870017, Japan. [Mizuno, K.; Oki, K.] Amami Marine Life Res Assoc, 99-1 Hiramatsucho Naze, Kagoshima 8940045, Japan. [Watanabe, K. K.] Natl Inst Land & Infastruct Management, 1 Asahi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050804, Japan. [Yamamoto, A.] Kingdom Kamehameha, 508-3 Hadu, Shizuoka 4210523, Japan. [Yamashita, Y.] Okinoerabujima Sea Turtle Network, 952 Furusato, Kagoshima 8919111, Japan. [Hamabata, T.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Ishizaki, A.] Western Pacific Reg Fishery Management Council, 1164 Bishop St 1400, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Dutton, P. H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM peter.dutton@noaa.gov FU Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council; Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund; Sea Turtle Association of Japan; NOAA-Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Tissue samples were collected following guidelines authorized under the Act on the Protection of Fisheries Resources, Natural Parks Act, Cultural Assets Preservation Act and Kagoshima Sea Turtle Protection Ordinance, with the great cooperation of Kuroshima Research Station and Keiichi Ebi in Yaeyama Islands; Umima-ru (Shinya Inoue and Asuka Takamatsu), Shigeo Kobayashi, Rumi Payne, Hisashi Inoue, Churagame (Sea Turtle Research Group of University of Ryukyus), Okinawa Churashima Foundation and Kunio Komesu in Okinawa Islands; Yoron-to Co., Ltd., Yoron Town, Okinoerabu Sea Turtle Network, Doren Campsite and Amami Marine Life Research Association in Amami Islands; Yakushima Umigame-kan, Ryoko Masuyama and the Turtle Crew in Osumi Islands; Miyazaki Wild Life Research Group in mainland Kyushu; Shigeru Noichi, Himeji City Aquarium, Hiroki Tanaka and Hiwasa Chelonian Museum in Shikoku; Akashi City, Minabe Sea Turtle Research Group, Sea Turtle Association of Japan, Kameppuri (Sea Turtle Research Group of Mie University), Kenji Kuroyanagi, Minamichita Beachland Aquarium, Omaezaki City, Kingdom of Kamehameha, Ichinomiya Sea Turtle Research Group, Fukashi Moriya, Katori Moriya, Akemi Watabe, and Aqua World Ibaraki Prefectural Oarai Aquarium in Honshu. This study was funded by Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund, Sea Turtle Association of Japan, and NOAA-Southwest Fisheries Science Center. Erin LaCasella provided assistance with data review, and Michael Jensen and Robin LeRoux provided helpful input to earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2016 VL 30 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.3354/esr00724 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DQ5RR UT WOS:000379263100009 ER PT J AU Ellison, WT Racca, R Clark, CW Streever, B Frankel, AS Fleishman, E Angliss, R Berger, J Ketten, D Guerra, M Leu, M McKenna, M Sformo, T Southall, B Suydam, R Thomas, L AF Ellison, William T. Racca, Roberto Clark, Christopher W. Streever, Bill Frankel, Adam S. Fleishman, Erica Angliss, Robyn Berger, Joel Ketten, Darlene Guerra, Melania Leu, Matthias McKenna, Megan Sformo, Todd Southall, Brandon Suydam, Robert Thomas, Len TI Modeling the aggregated exposure and responses of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus to multiple sources of anthropogenic underwater sound SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Cumulative effects; Harassment; Incidental take; Marine mammals; Negligible impact ID BEAUFORT SEA; MARINE MAMMALS; CHUKCHI SEAS; AIR-GUN; BEHAVIOR; NOISE; MIGRATION; BARROW; ALASKA; SLOPE AB Potential responses of marine mammals to anthropogenic underwater sound are usually assessed by researchers and regulators on the basis of exposure to a single, relatively loud sound source. However, marine mammals typically receive sounds from multiple, dynamic sources. We developed a method to aggregate modeled sounds from multiple sources and estimate the sound levels received by individuals. To illustrate the method, we modeled the sound fields of 9 sources associated with oil development and estimated the sound received over 47 d by a population of 10 000 simulated bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus on their annual migration through the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Empirical data were sufficient to parameterize simulations of the distribution of individual whales over time and their range of movement patterns. We ran 2 simulations to estimate the sound exposure history and distances traveled by bowhead whales: one in which they could change their movement paths (avert) in response to set levels of sound and one in which they could not avert. When animals could not avert, about 2% of the simulated population was exposed to root mean square (rms) sound pressure levels (SPL) >= 180 dB re 1 mu Pa, a level that regulators in the U.S. often associate with injury. When animals could avert from sound levels that regulators often associate with behavioral disturbance (rms SPL > 160 dB re 1 mu Pa), < 1% of the simulated population was exposed to levels associated with injury. Nevertheless, many simulated bowhead whales received sound levels considerably above ambient throughout their migration. Our method enables estimates of the aggregated level of sound to which populations are exposed over extensive areas and time periods. C1 [Ellison, William T.] Marine Acoust Inc, POB 6698, Portsmouth, NH 03802 USA. [Racca, Roberto] JASCO Appl Sci, Suite 2305,4464 Markham St, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Clark, Christopher W.; Guerra, Melania] Cornell Lab Ornithol, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Streever, Bill] LAMA Ecol, 4311 Edinburgh Dr, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. [Frankel, Adam S.] Marine Acoust Inc, 4350 Fairfax Dr,Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Barn, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Angliss, Robyn] AFSC NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Berger, Joel] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Berger, Joel] Wildlife Conservat Soc, North Amer Program, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Ketten, Darlene] Curtin Univ, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Leu, Matthias] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, 540 Landrum Dr, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [McKenna, Megan] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Sounds & Night Skies Div, 1201 Oakridge Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Sformo, Todd; Suydam, Robert] North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. [Southall, Brandon] Southall Environm Associates Inc, 9099 Soquel Dr,Suite 8, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Observ, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modeling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Observ, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Berger, Joel] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Guerra, Melania] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Frankel, AS (reprint author), Marine Acoust Inc, 4350 Fairfax Dr,Suite 600, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM adam.frankel@marineacoustics.com OI Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc.; University of California, Santa Barbara; North Slope Borough FX This work was supported in part by a contract between BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. and the University of California, Santa Barbara (E.F.), and by the North Slope Borough. We thank Dan Costa, Jennifer Dupont, Jason Gedamke, Jessica Lefevre, Michael Macrander, Barry Noon, Bob Pressey, Samantha Simmons, Russell Tait, Jeanette Thomas, Sandra Werner, and Gary Wolinsky for ideas and discussions that motivated and refined our work. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2016 VL 30 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.3354/esr00727 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DQ5RR UT WOS:000379263100010 ER PT J AU Hatch, LT Wahle, CM Gedamke, J Harrison, J Laws, B Moore, SE Stadler, JH Van Parijs, SM AF Hatch, Leila T. Wahle, Charles M. Gedamke, Jason Harrison, Jolie Laws, Benjamin Moore, Sue E. Stadler, John H. Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Can you hear me here? Managing acoustic habitat in US waters SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Habitat; Marine; Acoustic; Protected areas; Soundscape ID NOISE; WHALES; OCEAN; COMMUNICATION; SOUND; CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; ATLANTIC; SCIENCE; FISH AB Many marine animals have evolved over millions of years to rely on sound as a fundamental component of their habitat. Over the last century, increasing noise from human activities has significantly affected the quality of underwater acoustic habitats. These changes can lead to reduced ability to detect and interpret environmental cues used to perform critical life functions (e.g. select mates, find food, maintain group structure and relationships, avoid predators, navigate). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as the US federal agency with primary responsibility for protecting marine animals and their habitats, is developing an agency-wide strategy that emphasizes the ocean spaces that these animals need, and the importance of acoustic conditions in those places. This strategy seeks to reach beyond initial goals of reducing acute impacts due to noise (protecting hearing and reducing physical harm) to better account for the importance of underwater sound in marine ecosystems. This paper outlines science needs associated with acoustic habitat characterization and the assessment of noise impacts on habitats, which provide information critical to NOAA's prioritization of future place-based research and management. NOAA's spatial management tools are examined relative to acoustic habitat protection goals, which seek to match the ecological scales over which noise is impacting marine wildlife, including endangered species. Recommended actions are identified to address these broad spatial and long temporal scales, including international work on quieting technologies, registries of accumulated noisy events, and an enhanced role for NOAA's National Marine Sanctuaries in science, management, and outreach associated with acoustic habitat protection. C1 [Hatch, Leila T.] NOAA Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Wahle, Charles M.] NOAA Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, 99 Pacific St,Suite 100-F, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Harrison, Jolie; Laws, Benjamin] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stadler, John H.] NOAA Fisheries, Oregon Washington Coastal Area Off, West Coast Reg, 510 Desmond Dr SE, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hatch, LT (reprint author), NOAA Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Gerry E Studds Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctu, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM leila.hatch@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2016 VL 30 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.3354/esr00722 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DQ5RR UT WOS:000379263100017 ER PT J AU Dagalakis, NG Yoo, JM Oeste, T AF Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Yoo, Jae-Myung Oeste, Thomas TI Human-robot collaboration dynamic impact testing and calibration instrument for disposable robot safety artifacts SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Safety; Cooperative robots ID SKIN SIMULANT; GELATIN AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is a description of DITCI, its drop loads and sensors, the impact tools, the robot dynamic impact safety artifacts, data analysis, and modeling of test results. The dynamic impact testing and calibration instrument ( DITCI) is a simple instrument with a significant data collection and analysis capability that is used for the testing and calibration of biosimulant human tissue artifacts. These artifacts may be used to measure the severity of injuries caused in the case of a robot impact with a human. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, we describe the DITCI adjustable impact and flexible foundation mechanism, which allows the selection of a variety of impact force levels and foundation stiffness. The instrument can accommodate arrays of a variety of sensors and impact tools, simulating both real manufacturing tools and the testing requirements of standards setting organizations. Findings - A computer data acquisition system may collect a variety of impact motion, force and torque data, which are used to develop a variety of mathematical model representations of the artifacts. Finally, we describe the fabrication and testing of human abdomen soft tissue artifacts with embedded markers, used to display the severity of impact injury tissue deformation. Research limitations/implications - DITCI and the use of biosimulant human tissue artifacts will permit a better understanding of the severity of injury, which will be caused in the case of a robot impact with a human, without the use of expensive cadaver parts. The limitations are set by the ability to build artifacts with material properties similar to those of various parts of the human body. Practical implications - This technology will be particularly useful for small manufacturing companies that cannot afford the use of expensive instrumentation and technical consultants. Social implications - Impact tests were performed at maximum impact force and average pressure levels that are below, at and above the levels recommended by a proposed International Organization for Standardization standard. These test results will be used to verify whether the adopted safety standards will protect interactive robots human operators for various robot tools and control modes. Originality/value - Various research groups have used human subjects to collect data on pain induced by industrial robots. Unfortunately, human safety testing is not an option for human-robot collaboration in industrial applications every time there is a change of a tool or control program, so the use of biosimulant artifacts is expected to be a good alternative. C1 [Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoo, Jae-Myung] Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Oeste, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dagalakis, NG (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.dagalakis@nist.gov FU Robotic Systems for Smart Manufacturing Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX This work was supported by the Robotic Systems for Smart Manufacturing Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X EI 1758-5791 J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 328 EP 337 DI 10.1108/IR-06-2015-0125 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA DR3CI UT WOS:000379779800009 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Nuttall, MA Geers, TM Lauretta, MV Walter, JF Serafy, JE AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Nuttall, Matthew A. Geers, Tess M. Lauretta, Matthew V. Walter, John F., III Serafy, Joseph E. TI Quantifying the Trophic Importance of Gulf Menhaden within the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FISH DIET COMPOSITIONS; MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES; BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS; FEEDING-HABITS; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; ECOPATH AB The Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia patronus is frequently cited as playing a predominant role in the trophic structure and function of the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) marine ecosystem, yet much work remains in quantifying its ecological importance. We performed a meta-analysis of diet studies to quantify the trophic role of Gulf Menhaden within this ecosystem. Of the 568 references consulted, 136 identified predator-prey interactions involving Gulf Menhaden, menhaden Brevoortia spp., or unidentified clupeid prey items. Overall, 79 species were reported to consume menhaden, and no significant difference was detected between the Atlantic Ocean and the GOM in the mean occurrence of Brevoortia spp. in predator stomachs. We employed a probabilistic approach using maximum likelihood estimation to quantify trophic interactions within the northern GOM, with a focus on the trophic role of Gulf Menhaden. The estimated contribution of identifiable menhaden to the diets of all predators generally ranged between 2% and 3%; the largest dietary contribution was identified for Blacktip Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (8%), and lower estimates (<2%) were obtained for oceanic species, including sharks, billfishes, and tunas. When diet compositions were adjusted for unidentified prey by using the proportion of fish species biomass in the ecosystem, five predator groups showed a relatively large dependence on menhaden prey: juvenile King Mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla, juvenile Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus maculatus, adult Spanish Mackerel, Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus, and Blacktip Sharks. The quantification of trophic linkages and key predators identified herein will be fundamental to future modeling efforts focused on the northern GOM ecosystem. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nuttall, Matthew A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Geers, Tess M.] 5200 Thirteenth St Northwest, Washington, DC USA. [Lauretta, Matthew V.; Walter, John F., III; Serafy, Joseph E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM skyler.sagarese@noaa.gov FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX We thank all of the researchers, students, and agencies who collected and reported diet data; J. Wrast and C.W.D. Gurshin for sharing their data; and D. Chagaris for sharing his method of weighting diet composition from multiple studies. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226). We appreciate J. Bohnsack, A. Chester, J. Buckel, and two anonymous reviewers, who helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 23 EP 45 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1091412 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200003 ER PT J AU Shaw, AL Frazier, BS Kucklick, JR Sancho, G AF Shaw, Ashley L. Frazier, Bryan S. Kucklick, John R. Sancho, Gorka TI Trophic Ecology of a Predatory Community in a Shallow-Water, High-Salinity Estuary Assessed by Stable Isotope Analysis SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; FOOD-WEBS; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; DISCRIMINATION FACTORS; ELASMOBRANCH FISHES; RHINOPTERA-BONASUS; HAMMERHEAD SHARKS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES AB Estuaries serve as habitats and nurseries for many recreationally and commercially important fishes, often contributing recruits to adult populations that remain in close proximity to estuarine environments. Upper-level predatory fish species are among the most sought after by fisheries; thus, an understanding of the trophic dynamics of the community can assist ecological fisheries management of these highly productive ecosystems. Dietary niche overlap within the predatory fish community of Bulls Bay, a subtropical estuary in South Carolina, was assessed by using stable isotope analyses (delta C-13 and delta N-15) to compare seven elasmobranch species and three teleost species. Cownose Rays Rhinoptera bonasus and Finetooth Sharks Carcharhinus isodon had no isotopic overlap with other species and therefore exhibited unique isotopic niche spaces that were indicative of potential resource partitioning. The teleosts and remaining elasmobranchs had varying degrees of overlap, implying shared resources; a high degree of dietary niche overlap was observed among Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, Sandbar Sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus, and Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. Although most pairs of species showed some isotopic overlap, there were also interspecific differences in niche overlap, signifying that this predatory fish community has a widely varied prey base overall. Bulls Bay is an important nursery habitat with a balanced predator community, as illustrated by a combination of unique dietary niches and varying degrees of dietary niche overlap. C1 [Shaw, Ashley L.; Frazier, Bryan S.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Shaw, Ashley L.; Sancho, Gorka] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Organ Chem Measurement Sci Grp, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Shaw, AL (reprint author), South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, 217 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.; Shaw, AL (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM shawa@dnr.sc.gov FU College of Charleston; SCDNR's Cooperative Atlantic States Shark Pupping and Nursery (COASTSPAN) FX We thank Erin Levesque, Henry DaVega, Jonathan Tucker, and Michelle Taliercio (South Carolina Department of Natural Resources [SCDNR], Inshore Fisheries) for field assistance; Bill Roumillat for his local expertise and overall intellectual contribution to the study; and Andrew Grosse (SCDNR) for creating the location map. We also thank the organic chemistry metrology group within the National Institute of Standards and Technology; Kevin Beauchesne and Lisa May (Hollings Marine Laboratory) for laboratory support; and Jill Olin and Allan Strand for statistical analysis guidance. We are particularly grateful to Jay Brandes (SKIO-SSIL) for his instruction on SIA and data interpretation. This work was supported by the College of Charleston through internal grants (Faculty Research Grant and Biology Department Research and Development Grant) awarded to G. Sancho and by the SCDNR's Cooperative Atlantic States Shark Pupping and Nursery (COASTSPAN) survey sanctioned by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Fish handling and muscle biopsy were conducted in accordance with Permit 2012-002 from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the College of Charleston. This is Contribution 743 of the South Carolina Marine Resources Center. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 46 EP 61 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1121940 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200004 ER PT J AU Bryan, DR Smith, SG Ault, JS Feeley, MW Menza, CW AF Bryan, David R. Smith, Steven G. Ault, Jerald S. Feeley, Michael W. Menza, Charles W. TI Feasibility of a Regionwide Probability Survey for Coral Reef Fish in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SETTING CATCH LIMITS; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; UNITED-STATES; FISHERIES; FLORIDA; SUSTAINABILITY; MANAGEMENT; LENGTH; STOCKS AB Fishery-independent surveys can provide accurate and precise data for stock assessments and spatial management to sustain fishery resources as a complementary or alternative source of information to fishery-dependent sampling. Four years of underwater visual survey data collected in several local areas in the U.S. Caribbean were used in conjunction with detailed bathymetric and habitat maps to develop a probability sampling design and investigate the feasibility of conducting a regionwide coral reef fish survey. Stratification by depth and habitat produced a more efficient survey design (i.e., one with increased precision at lower sample sizes) for estimating mean fish density than simple random sampling for eight principal exploited and nontarget species. Species with higher sample variance of density required larger sample sizes to improve survey precision. A somewhat counter-intuitive finding was that controlling survey precision over a large spatial scale (i.e., region) required less sampling than controlling precision for multiple smaller areas within the larger survey frame. At regionwide spatial scales relevant for fisheries management, the projected sample sizes for achieving moderately high levels of survey precision were comparable to historical annual sampling efforts. However, controlling survey precision both inside and outside spatial management zones would likely require sample sizes about twice the level of the historical effort. Our findings stress the importance of clearly defining management objectives with respect to spatial scales and target species as a prerequisite for developing precise, cost-effective fishery-independent surveys. C1 [Bryan, David R.; Smith, Steven G.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch & Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Feeley, Michael W.] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Caribbean Network, 18001 Old Cutler Rd,Suite 419, Village Of Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA. [Menza, Charles W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Biogeog Branch, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bryan, DR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch & Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dbryan@rsmas.miami.edu FU NPS South Florida and Caribbean Network; NPS; NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center [NA10OAR4320143] FX We thank K. Buja for technical mapping assistance. We appreciate the critical review of this manuscript by M. Kendall, R. Clark, and A. Atkinson. We also acknowledge the dozens of divers who collected the significant amount of field data used for these analyses. The research was facilitated through National Park Service (NPS) Cooperative Ecosystems Study Unit Agreement H5000060104 by funding provided by the NPS South Florida and Caribbean Network. Funding for the 2007-2010 surveys was provided by the NPS, the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center (NA10OAR4320143). The data are housed at the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Web site (http://www8.nos.noaa.gov/bpdmWeb/). NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1082520 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200012 ER PT J AU Farmer, NA Malinowski, RP McGovern, MF Rubec, PJ AF Farmer, Nicholas A. Malinowski, Richard P. McGovern, Mary F. Rubec, Peter J. TI Stock Complexes for Fisheries Management in the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REEF FISHES; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NODAL ANALYSIS; MARINE FISH; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY AB The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 2006 required that regional fishery management councils implement annual catch limits and accountability measures for all federally managed stocks by 2011. Many managed species are data limited and no formal stock assessment has been done for them. One possible approach to managing unassessed species is to assign them to assemblages that are managed as units. The utility of this approach was evaluated using fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data from the Gulf of Mexico. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed several consistent assemblages among the 42 reef fish species managed by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. Pearson correlation matrices, nodal analyses, and a weighted mean cluster association index integrated results across cluster analyses and provided additional guidance regarding the placement of rare species into groups. Productivity-susceptibility analysis and life history were also considered, as differences in productivity, vulnerability, life history, and other population-dynamic parameters for the species within complexes might imply different population responses to a similar change in fishing mortality. Identified linkages between species also provide guidance for the impacts of regulations on multispecies fisheries. C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.; Malinowski, Richard P.; McGovern, Mary F.; Rubec, Peter J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 177 EP 201 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1024359 PG 25 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200015 ER PT J AU Farmer, NA Gowan, TA Powell, JR Zoodsma, BJ AF Farmer, Nicholas A. Gowan, Timothy A. Powell, Jessica R. Zoodsma, Barbara J. TI Evaluation of Alternatives to Winter Closure of Black Sea Bass Pot Gear: Projected Impacts on Catch and Risk of Entanglement with North Atlantic Right Whales Eubalaena glacialis SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID MARINE RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; BYCATCH; WATERS; STRIKING; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; TOOL; USA AB TTime-area closures have been widely used in fisheries management to prevent overfishing and reduce the bycatch of protected species. Due to quota overages and concerns about entanglement of federally protected North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis, the commercial harvest of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata using pot gear has been prohibited in the southeastern United States in winter since 2009. Following the rebuilding of the Black Sea Bass stock and a change to the start date of the fishing year, the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) increased the commercial annual catch limit (ACL) and is considering twelve alternatives to the pot gear closure that would revise the timing and/or spatial extent of the closure. Changes to this closure could affect the annual catch of Black Sea Bass and increase the risk of right whale entanglement in pot gear. Using historical fishing effort, landings, and right whale sightings data, we projected Black Sea Bass landings and the relative risk of right whale entanglement for each closure alternative, expressed in relative risk units (RRU). We predict that the ACL would be caught, resulting in an in-season closure for most of the proposed SAFMC closure alternatives. The relative risk of entanglement, estimated from the spatial and temporal overlap of Black Sea Bass pot gear fishing effort and right whale relative abundance, was lower for some alternatives than for others, and the relative differences between alternatives were consistent among uncertainty scenarios. The SAFMC's preferred alternative is projected to result in a relatively low increase in risk to North Atlantic right whales (3-15 RRU off North Carolina and 1-12 RRU off Florida-South Carolina). This framework demonstrates the use of temporally dynamic spatial overlays in assessing the impacts of time-area closures with multiple objectives. C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.; Powell, Jessica R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave Southeast, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Gowan, Timothy A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave Southeast, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Zoodsma, Barbara J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, 2382 Sadler Rd, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034 USA. RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave Southeast, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 202 EP 221 DI 10.1080/19425120.2016.1146181 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200016 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Frisk, MG Cerrato, RM Sosebee, KA Musick, JA Rago, PJ AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Frisk, Michael G. Cerrato, Robert M. Sosebee, Kathy A. Musick, John A. Rago, Paul J. TI Diel Variations in Survey Catch Rates and Survey Catchability of Spiny Dogfish and their Pelagic Prey in the Northeast US Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; BOTTOM-TRAWL SURVEYS; GEORGES-BANK; DIURNAL-VARIATION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; FISH; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE AB This study examines the potential uncertainty in survey biomass estimates of Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (NES LME). Diel catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) estimates are examined from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center bottom trawl surveys conducted during autumn (1963-2009) and spring (1968-2009). Influential environmental variables on survey catchability are identified for Spiny Dogfish life history stages and five pelagic prey species: Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus, Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, shortfin squid Illex spp., longfin squid Doryteuthis spp., and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus. Daytime survey catchability was significantly higher than nighttime catchability for most species during autumn and for mature male Spiny Dogfish, shortfin squid, and longfin squid during spring in the NES LME. For most stages and species examined, breakpoint analyses identified significant increases in CPUE in the morning, peak CPUE during the day, and significant declines in CPUE in the late afternoon. Seasonal probabilities of daytime catch were largely driven by solar zenith angle for most species, with stronger trends identified during autumn. Unadjusted CPUE estimates appear to overestimate absolute abundance, with adjustments resulting in reductions in absolute abundance ranging from 41% for Spiny Dogfish to 91% for shortfin and longfin squids. These findings have important implications for Spiny Dogfish regarding estimates of population consumption of key pelagic prey species and their ecological footprint within the NES LME. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.; Frisk, Michael G.; Cerrato, Robert M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sosebee, Kathy A.; Rago, Paul J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Sagarese, Skyler R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM skyler.sagarese@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics FX The authors thank all those individuals who have worked or volunteered aboard the NOAA RV Albatross IV and RV Henry B. Bigelow, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for assistance with survey data collection. Two anonymous reviewers also helped improve the quality of this manuscript. This project was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 244 EP 262 DI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1135219 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200019 ER PT J AU Yasumiishi, EM Farley, EV Ruggerone, GT Agler, BA Wilson, LI AF Yasumiishi, Ellen M. Farley, Ed V. Ruggerone, Gregory T. Agler, Beverly A. Wilson, Lorna I. TI Trends and Factors Influencing the Length, Compensatory Growth, and Size-Selective Mortality of Juvenile Bristol Bay, Alaska, Sockeye Salmon at Sea SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; EARLY MARINE GROWTH; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; PINK SALMON; PERIOD HYPOTHESIS; OCEANIC REGIMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON; SURVIVAL; ABUNDANCE AB The productivity of Bristol Bay, Alaska, Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka increased during the mid-1970s. This increase is believed to be partially due to an increase in early marine growth associated with the 1976-1977 cool-to-warm shift in summer sea surface temperature (SST). The body size of juvenile salmon during their first year at sea is believed to regulate their ability to survive over winter. The back-calculated smolt length, first-year ocean growth, and total juvenile length of Sockeye Salmon from five Bristol Bay river systems (Egegik, Kvichak, Naknek, Ugashik, and Wood) and two smolt ages were used to examine trends and factors influencing total juvenile length, compensatory growth, and size-selective mortality in the first year in the ocean from 1962 to 2007. Juvenile length increased in relation to summer sea temperature, the 1977-2001 and 2002-2007 warm temperature regimes, smolt length, and compensatory growth. Compensatory growth-an inverse relationship between first-year ocean growth and smolt size-increased over time as well as after the 1976-1977 climate regime shift, was more common in age-1.0 fish than in age-2.0 juveniles, and was important in determining the length of juvenile Sockeye Salmon from the Wood River (the shorter fish among rivers and smolt ages). The coefficient of variation in length did not change with SST, suggesting that size-selective mortality occurred prior to the end of the first year at sea for all 10 fish groups. The predictor variables that were significant in the models varied among river systems and smolt ages. This study demonstrated that the frequency of compensatory growth and the total lengths of juvenile Sockeye Salmon during their first year at sea increased with summer SST (range, 7.5-10.5 degrees C) in the eastern Bering Sea, a possible mechanism for the increased productivity of Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon associated with warmer sea temperatures. C1 [Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Farley, Ed V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ruggerone, Gregory T.] Nat Resources Consultants Inc, 4039 21st Ave West,Suite 404, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Agler, Beverly A.; Wilson, Lorna I.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Mark Tag & Age Lab, 10107 Bentwood Pl, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Yasumiishi, EM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [1111] FX This research was supported by North Pacific Research Board grant 1111 (manuscript 584). We thank Chuck Brazil and Fred West at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for providing harvest, escapement, and age data for Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their time and effort in reviewing this manuscript. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1080/19425120.2016.1167793 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DR2YQ UT WOS:000379770200023 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Lorenzo, S Zhu, BH Muraca, ES AF Litorja, Maritoni Lorenzo, Simon Zhu, Banghe Muraca, Eva Sevick BE Pogue, BW Gioux, S TI Lambertian nature of tissue phantoms for use as calibrators in near infrared fluorescence imaging SO MOLECULAR-GUIDED SURGERY: MOLECULES, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Molecular-Guided Surgery - Molecules, Devices, and Applications II CY FEB 13-14, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Fluoptics, Intuitive Surg, LI COR Biosciences, Mauna Kea Technol, Modulated Imaging, Novadaq, PerkinElmer Healthcare, SurgiMab DE near infrared fluorescence imaging; molecular imaging; radiometry; calibration; tissue phantoms AB The use of tissue phantoms as calibrators to transfer SI-referenced scale to an imager offers convenience, compared to other methods of calibration. The tissue phantoms are calibrated separately for radiance at emission wavelength per irradiance at excitation wavelength. This calibration is only performed at a single geometric configuration, typically with the detector normal to the sample. In the clinic however, the imager can be moved around, resulting in a geometric configuration different from the calibration configuration. In this study, radiometric measurements are made at different sample-imager angles to test whether the tissue phantoms are Lambertian and the angular limits to which the calibration values hold true. C1 [Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lorenzo, Simon] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhu, Banghe; Muraca, Eva Sevick] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Inst Mol Med, Brown Fdn, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-930-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9696 AR 96960H DI 10.1117/12.2216324 PG 6 WC Optics; Surgery SC Optics; Surgery GA BF0QL UT WOS:000379313700012 ER PT J AU Sather, NK Johnson, GE Teel, DJ Storch, AJ Skalski, JR Cullinan, VI AF Sather, Nichole K. Johnson, Gary E. Teel, David J. Storch, Adam J. Skalski, John R. Cullinan, Valerie I. TI Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats of the Columbia River: Spatial and Temporal Variability of Fish Communities and Density, Size, and Genetic Stock Composition of Juvenile Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FOOD WEBS; ESTUARY; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; RESIDENCY; ORIGIN AB We investigated the spatial and temporal variability of the fish community and the density, size, and genetic stock composition of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in shallow tidal freshwater habitats of the Columbia River. We sought to address data gaps related to juvenile Chinook Salmon in this portion of the Columbia River and thereby inform habitat restoration efforts. We examined fish communities, juvenile salmon life history characteristics, and relationships between salmon density and habitat conditions by using beach seine data collected over a 63-month period (2007-2012) from two tidal freshwater areas: the Sandy River delta (river kilometer [rkm] 188-202) and the lower river reach (rkm 110-141). We found few differences in the fish community across the two study areas. Fish community patterns were largely attributable to seasonal changes as opposed to spatial gradients and habitat types. Juvenile Chinook Salmon were the most common salmon species in our catches; this species was the only salmonid encountered during all four seasons. Chinook Salmon density differed among three distinct habitat strata (main channel, off-channel, and wetland channel), but FL and genetic stock composition did not. Across all habitat strata, environmental covariates (mean percent tree cover, dissolved oxygen level, and mean percent emergent vegetation) were positively associated with juvenile Chinook Salmon density. Although comparisons of environmental metrics and salmon density helped to establish a quantitative relationship between biotic and abiotic conditions, we found that juvenile salmon occupied a range of habitats. Our findings support a strategy that involves restoring a diversity of shallow tidal freshwater habitats to facilitate the recovery of threatened and endangered salmon populations in the Columbia River basin. C1 [Sather, Nichole K.; Cullinan, Valerie I.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1286 Washington Harbor Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Johnson, Gary E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 620 Southwest 5th Ave,Suite 810, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Teel, David J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Storch, Adam J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Columbia River Invest, 17330 Southeast Evelyn St, Clackamas, OR 97015 USA. [Skalski, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Columbia Basin Res, 1325 4th Ave,Suite 1820, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Sather, NK (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1286 Washington Harbor Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM nichole.sather@pnnl.gov OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) under the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program FX This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) under the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program. We are grateful for the support and guidance provided by Tracey Yerxa (BPA) and Cindy Studebaker (USACE; the technical leads for the study) and by Blaine Ebberts (USACE). We are grateful to the many scientists from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory who helped with the study, especially Amanda Bryson, Shon Zimmerman, Ron Kaufmann, and Allison Cutting. We appreciate the analytical contributions from David Kuligowski (National Marine Fisheries Service) and Rich Townsend (University of Washington). We were fortunate to collaborate with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's Columbia River Investigations Program, specifically Erick Van Dyke, Tucker Jones, Christine Mallette, and Tom Rein. The study got off to a successful start thanks to Kathryn Sobocinski. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 4 BP 734 EP 753 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1150878 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR0KK UT WOS:000379596200006 ER PT J AU McNatt, RA Bottom, DL Hinton, SA AF McNatt, Regan A. Bottom, Daniel L. Hinton, Susan A. TI Residency and Movement of Juvenile Chinook Salmon at Multiple Spatial Scales in a Tidal Marsh of the Columbia River Estuary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; OREGON; BASIN; WILD AB Use of the Columbia River estuary by juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is garnering more attention as managers look to improve salmon survival through estuary restoration. Studies have shown that juvenile salmon are abundant in shallow-water habitats within the Columbia River estuary, but information on how juveniles exploit specific estuarine habitats is lacking. We used a combination of physical marks and PIT tag technology to record residence time, movement, and growth of juvenile Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, particularly subyearlings, within an emergent marsh of the Columbia River estuary during 2005, 2006, and 2008. We documented marsh-scale residency and movement within the marsh complex and channel-scale residency and movement within two small secondary channels. Many juvenile Chinook Salmon remained in the marsh for 2-4 weeks and increased in FL by 10-20 mm, with an average growth rate of 0.53 mm/ d. Chinook Salmon entered secondary channels most frequently in late afternoon and occasionally did so against the tide. Our results indicate that subyearling Chinook Salmon take advantage of shallow estuarine habitat in the Columbia River to a greater extent than previously documented. C1 [McNatt, Regan A.; Hinton, Susan A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Res Stn, 2032 Southeast Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP McNatt, RA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. EM regan.mcnatt@noaa.gov FU Ducks Unlimited; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the many participants from the National Marine Fisheries Service (Northwest Fisheries Science Center), the University of Washington, and Oregon State University who endured long days of net pulling and trudging through the mud. Special thanks are extended to B. Jonasson for advice and assistance with PIT antenna construction; M. Ramirez for providing graphics of Russian Island; B. Sandford for statistical expertise; and G. McCabe Jr., whose ingenuity, attention to detail, and wealth of experience kept this study moving forward. The paper was improved by thoughtful reviews from P. Chittaro, D. Hering, D. Teel, L. Weitkamp, and one anonymous reviewer. Funding was provided by Ducks Unlimited, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 4 BP 774 EP 785 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1172509 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DR0KK UT WOS:000379596200009 ER PT J AU Runcevski, T Kapelewski, MT Torres-Gavosto, RM Tarver, JD Brown, CM Long, JR AF Runcevski, Tomce Kapelewski, Matthew T. Torres-Gavosto, Rodolfo M. Tarver, Jacob D. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Adsorption of two gas molecules at a single metal site in a metal-organic framework SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; METHANE STORAGE; CO; MG; MN; FE; NI; BINDING; CH4; ZN AB One strategy to markedly increase the gas storage capacity of metal-organic frameworks is to introduce coordinatively-unsaturated metal centers capable of binding multiple gas molecules. Herein, we provide an initial demonstration that a single metal site within a framework can support the terminal coordination of two gas molecules-specifically hydrogen, methane, or carbon dioxide. C1 [Runcevski, Tomce; Kapelewski, Matthew T.; Torres-Gavosto, Rodolfo M.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Runcevski, Tomce; Kapelewski, Matthew T.; Torres-Gavosto, Rodolfo M.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tarver, Jacob D.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tarver, Jacob D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This research was supported through the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office (under grant DE-AC02-05CH11231). X-ray diffraction measurements were performed at Beamline 17-BM, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Proposal ID: 46636. M. T. K. and R. M. T.-G. gratefully acknowledge support through the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. J. D. T. gratefully acknowledges research support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. We also thank Dr K. R. Meihaus for providing editorial assistance. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 53 BP 8251 EP 8254 DI 10.1039/c6cc02494g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP7YP UT WOS:000378715400014 PM 27284590 ER PT J AU Buisan, ST Lopez-Moreno, JI Saz, MA Kochendorfer, J AF Buisan, Samuel T. Lopez-Moreno, Juan I. Angel Saz, Miguel Kochendorfer, John TI Impact of weather type variability on winter precipitation, temperature and annual snowpack in the Spanish Pyrenees SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Snowpack; Winter precipitation; Winter temperature; Weather types; Temporal trends; Pyrenees; Spain ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; MEDITERRANEAN MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; IBERIAN PENINSULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPAIN; RAINFALL; TRENDS; OSCILLATION; PREDICTION AB The annual frequency of the occurrence of 10 discriminated weather types were summarized using a principal component analysis that revealed 4 different prevailing winter conditions affecting the Spanish Pyrenees. Northeasterly and easterly flows lead to dry and cold winters where snow only accumulates on northern slopes and mainly in the central Pyrenees. North and northwesterly flows favor wet and cold winters and an increase of snow accumulation in the western Pyrenees and on the northern slopes at lower elevations. Cyclonic and westerly flows favor an increase in precipitation and snow accumulation in all the Pyrenees at lower elevations and cold winters. Finally, southerly flows are associated with milder conditions and high precipitation in the central sector of the Pyrenees, where snow only accumulates at high elevations. For most stations, there were no significant trends in precipitation or temperature during the current reference climatic period (1981-2010), which was in agreement with the lack of observed principal component trends during the same period. Focusing on the shorter 1985-2010 period for which snow data were available, snow depth at mid-March demonstrated significant positive trends associated with an increase in westerly, southwesterly and cyclonic weather during this period. The results demonstrate that the changes in precipitation, temperature and snow accumulation are clearly related to changes in circulation patterns, which are the main driver of temporal fluctuations in the considered climatologies. C1 [Buisan, Samuel T.] Delegac Terr AEMET Spanish State Meteorol Agcy Ar, Paseo Canal 17, Zaragoza 50007, Spain. [Lopez-Moreno, Juan I.] CSIC, Spanish Res Council, Inst Pirena Ecol, Campus Aula Dei,POB 202, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain. [Angel Saz, Miguel] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Geog, Inst Environm Sci, Inst Invest Ciencias Ambientales Aragon IUCA, C Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Kochendorfer, John] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Assoc, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Buisan, ST (reprint author), Delegac Terr AEMET Spanish State Meteorol Agcy Ar, Paseo Canal 17, Zaragoza 50007, Spain. EM sbuisans@aemet.es RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2014-52599-P] FX We thank the Spanish Meteorological State Agency (AEMET) for providing the database used in this study and all the volunteer observers who have recorded data on a daily basis over many years. This study was funded by the research project: CGL2014-52599-P 'Estudio del manto de nieve en la montana espanola, y su respuesta a la variabilidad y cambio climatico' financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.3354/cr01391 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DQ5LY UT WOS:000379248100006 ER PT J AU Barnett, BK Patterson, WF Kellison, T Garner, SB Shiller, AM AF Barnett, Beverly K. Patterson, William F., III Kellison, Todd Garner, Steven B. Shiller, Alan M. TI Potential sources of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) recruits estimated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of otolith chemical signatures SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT 20-24, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE elemental ratios; MicroMill; nursery sources; red snapper juveniles; stable isotopes ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATLANTIC-OCEAN WATERS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; JUVENILE; FISH; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; MOVEMENTS; MANGANESE; SALINITY AB Otolith chemical signatures were used to estimate the number of likely nursery sources that contributed recruits to a suite of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) year-classes sampled in 2012 in US Atlantic Ocean waters from southern Florida (28 degrees N) to North Carolina (34 degrees N). Otoliths from subadult and adult fish (n = 139; ages 2-5 years) were cored and their chemical constituents analysed for delta C-13, delta O-18, as well as the elemental ratios of Ba : Ca, Mg: Ca, Mn: Ca and Sr : Ca. Results from multiple linear regression analyses indicated that there was significant latitudinal variation for delta C-13, Ba : Ca, Mg: Ca and Mn: Ca. Therefore, these variables were used to parameterise Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) models computed to estimate the most likely number of nursery sources to each age class. Results from MCMC models indicated that between two and seven nursery sources were equally plausible among the four age classes examined, but the likely number of nursery sources declined for fish aged 4 and 5 years because of apparent mixing between more northern and more southern signatures. Overall, there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis that a single nursery source contributed recruits among the age classes examined, but increased sample size from a broader geographic range may be required to refine estimates of the likely number of nursery sources. C1 [Barnett, Beverly K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Patterson, William F., III; Garner, Steven B.] Univ S Alabama, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Patterson, William F., III; Garner, Steven B.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Kellison, Todd] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Shiller, Alan M.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Barnett, BK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM beverly.barnett@noaa.gov OI Shiller, Alan/0000-0002-2068-7909 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 7 SI SI BP 992 EP 1001 DI 10.1071/MF15076 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DQ0ZF UT WOS:000378929600012 ER PT J AU Lewis, JP Patterson, WF Carlson, JK McLachlin, K AF Lewis, Justin P. Patterson, William F., III Carlson, John K. McLachlin, Katherine TI Do vertebral chemical signatures distinguish juvenile blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) nursery regions in the northern Gulf of Mexico? SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT 20-24, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE laser ablation; natal origin; shark nurseries; vertebral chemistry ID OTOLITH CHEMISTRY; ESTUARINE FISH; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; DESCRIBE MOVEMENTS; WATER CHEMISTRY; FRESH-WATER; STRONTIUM; HISTORY; FLORIDA; BARIUM AB Identifying and protecting shark nurseries is a common management strategy used to help rebuild overfished stocks, yet we know little about connectivity between juvenile and adult populations. By analysing trace metals incorporated into vertebral cartilage, it may be possible to infer natal origin based on nursery-specific chemical signatures. To assess the efficacy of this approach, we collected juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus; n = 93) from four regions in the Gulf of Mexico in 2012 and 2013 and analysed their vertebral centra with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We observed significant regional differences in six element : Ca ratios in both 2012 and 2013. Multi-element chemical signatures were significantly different among regions and between year-classes. Year-class-specific linear discriminant function analysis yielded regional classification accuracies of 81% for 2012 and 85% for 2013, although samples were not obtained from all four regions in 2012. Combining year-classes resulted in an overall classification accuracy of 84%, thus demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. These results are encouraging yet highlight a need for more research to better evaluate the efficacy of vertebral chemistry to study elasmobranch population connectivity. C1 [Lewis, Justin P.; Patterson, William F., III] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, 307 North Univ Blvd, Mobile, AL 36608 USA. [Lewis, Justin P.; Patterson, William F., III] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [McLachlin, Katherine] Electro Sci Ind, 685 Old Buffalo Trail, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Lewis, Justin P.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Lewis, JP (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, 307 North Univ Blvd, Mobile, AL 36608 USA.; Lewis, JP (reprint author), Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA.; Lewis, JP (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM jplewis86@gmail.com NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 7 SI SI BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.1071/MF15088 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DQ0ZF UT WOS:000378929600014 ER PT J AU Vitale, S Andrews, AH Rizzo, P Gancitano, S Fiorentino, F AF Vitale, Sergio Andrews, Allen H. Rizzo, Pietro Gancitano, Salvatore Fiorentino, Fabio TI Twenty-five-year longevity of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) from novel use of bomb radiocarbon dating in the Mediterranean Sea SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th ICES International Science Otolith Symposium (IOS) CY OCT 20-24, 2014 CL Mallorca, SPAIN SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE age validation; carbon-14; growth; lifespan; Merlucciidae ID AGE ESTIMATION; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; OTOLITHS; MATURITY; LENGTH AB The high variability of growth and longevity estimates for European hake (Merluccius merluccius) reflects the existence of two opposing hypotheses on growth rates that differ by a factor of 2: (1) a fast-growing hypothesis (FGH) with a maximum age near 15 years; and (2) a slow-growing hypothesis (SGH) with a maximum age near 30 years. A recently established regional radiocarbon (C-14) reference led to a first-time application of bomb C-14 dating in the Mediterranean Sea to three of the largest-sized and potentially oldest-catch female European hake. Because age reading of otoliths is very subjective and poorly defined, these fish were aged blind with bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating as an independent estimate of validated age. The validated ages were compared with the theoretical maximum ages from the most reliable FGH and SGH von Bertalanffy growth functions. Among the three bomb C-14 ages, the most diagnostic length-at-age was an alignment with the bomb C-14 rise period for two of the three fish, providing validated ages of 22 years (74.5-cm total length) and 25 years (88-cm total length). The results provide estimates of length-at-age that are in agreement with the SGH and cannot be accounted for by the FGH. C1 [Vitale, Sergio; Rizzo, Pietro; Gancitano, Salvatore; Fiorentino, Fabio] CNR, Inst Coastal Marine Environm, Via L Vaccara 61, I-91026 Mazara Del Vallo, TP, Italy. [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Vitale, S (reprint author), CNR, Inst Coastal Marine Environm, Via L Vaccara 61, I-91026 Mazara Del Vallo, TP, Italy. EM sergio.vitale@cnr.it OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 7 SI SI BP 1077 EP 1080 DI 10.1071/MF15376 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DQ0ZF UT WOS:000378929600020 ER PT J AU Ugur, G Akgun, B Jiang, Z Narayanan, S Satija, S Foster, MD AF Ugur, Gokce Akgun, Bulent Jiang, Zhang Narayanan, Suresh Satija, Sushil Foster, Mark D. TI Effect of tethering on the surface dynamics of a thin polymer melt layer SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; BRUSH; FILMS; FLUORESCENCE; EQUIVALENCE; POLYSTYRENE; ADSORPTION; WAVES AB The surface height fluctuations of a layer of low molecular weight (2.2k) untethered perdeuterated polystyrene (dPS) chains adjacent to a densely grafted polystyrene brush are slowed dramatically. Due to the interpenetration of the brush with the layer of "untethered chains" a hydrodynamic continuum theory can only describe the fluctuations when the effective thickness of the film is taken to be that which remains above the swollen brush. The portion of the film of initially untethered chains that interpenetrates with the brush becomes so viscous as to effectively play the role of a rigid substrate. Since these hybrid samples containing a covalently tethered layer at the bottom do not readily dewet, and are more robust than thin layers of untethered short chains on rigid substrates, they provide a route for tailoring polymer layer surface properties such as wetting, adhesion and friction. C1 [Ugur, Gokce] Arcelik AS Tuzla, Mat Technol, Cent R&D, TR-34950 Istanbul, Turkey. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. [Jiang, Zhang; Narayanan, Suresh] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Akgun, B (reprint author), Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey.; Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM bulent.akgun@boun.edu.tr; mfoster@uakron.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [AC7-42995]; Bogazici University [B.U. 9080]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX BA, GU and MDF acknowledge the assistance of Scott Collins in performing air sensitive synthetic steps and partial support made by the donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (AC7-42995) and Bogazici University Research Fund (B.U. 9080) for this research. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 24 BP 5372 EP 5377 DI 10.1039/c6sm00179c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DQ1AZ UT WOS:000378934400014 PM 27222250 ER PT J AU Sorel, MH Hansen, AG Connelly, KA Wilson, AC Lowery, ED Beauchamp, DA AF Sorel, Mark H. Hansen, Adam G. Connelly, Kristin A. Wilson, Andrew C. Lowery, Erin D. Beauchamp, David A. TI Predation by Northern Pikeminnow and Tiger Muskellunge on Juvenile Salmonids in a High-Head Reservoir: Implications for Anadromous Fish Reintroductions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; LAKE WASHINGTON; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; 3 ESOCIDS AB The feasibility of reintroducing anadromous salmonids into reservoirs above high-head dams is affected by the suitability of the reservoir habitat for rearing and the interactions of the resident fish with introduced fish. We evaluated the predation risk to anadromous salmonids considered for reintroduction in Merwin Reservoir on the North Fork Lewis River in Washington State for two reservoir use-scenarios: year-round rearing and smolt migration. We characterized the role of the primary predators, Northern Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis and tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius x Muskellunge E. masquinongy), by using stable isotopes and stomach content analysis, quantified seasonal, per capita predation using bioenergetics modeling, and evaluated the size and age structures of the populations. We then combined these inputs to estimate predation rates of size-structured population units. Northern Pikeminnow of FL >= 300 mm were highly cannibalistic and exhibited modest, seasonal, per capita predation on salmonids, but they were disproportionately much less abundant than smaller, less piscivorous, conspecifics. The annual predation on kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (in biomass) by a size-structured unit of 1,000 Northern Pikeminnow having a FL >= 300 mm was analogous to 16,000-40,000 age-0 spring Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha rearing year-round, or 400-1,000 age-1 smolts migrating April-June. The per capita consumption of salmonids by Northern Pikeminnow having a FL >= 200 mm was relatively low, due in large part to spatial segregation during the summer and the skewed size distribution of the predator population. Tiger muskellunge fed heavily on Northern Pikeminnow, other nonsalmonids, and minimally on salmonids. In addition to cannibalism within the Northern Pikeminnow population, predation by tiger muskellunge likely contributed to the low recruitment of larger (more piscivorous) Northern Pikeminnow, thereby decreasing the risk of predation to salmonids. This study highlights the importance of evaluating trophic interactions within reservoirs slated for reintroduction with anadromous salmonids, as they can be functional migration corridors and may offer profitable juvenile-rearing habitats despite hosting abundant predator populations. C1 [Sorel, Mark H.; Hansen, Adam G.; Connelly, Kristin A.; Wilson, Andrew C.; Lowery, Erin D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sorel, Mark H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hansen, Adam G.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lowery, Erin D.] Seattle City Light Environm Affairs & Real Estate, 700 Fifth Ave,Suite 3200,POB 34023, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Sorel, MH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Sorel, MH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM marks6@uw.edu FU PacifiCorp Energy; U.S. Geological Survey; School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science at the University of Washington; Washington Lakes Protection Association; University of Washington; Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; Wildlife Management Institute FX This research was funded by PacifiCorp Energy, the U.S. Geological Survey, the School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science at the University of Washington, and the Washington Lakes Protection Association. C. Clark was instrumental in planning and execution of field and laboratory work. S. Burgess, K. Ellis, A. Fuller, D. Lombardo, I. Vincent, and numerous others also conducted field and laboratory work. Collaboration with R. Al-Chokhachy, H. Bowen, and C. Clark provided valuable information on the lotic habitat in the basin, and expert local knowledge was provided by F. Shrier and J. Doyle. This manuscript benefited greatly from comments by T. Quinn, R. Zabel, J. Breck, and several anonymous reviewers. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Washington, the Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources, and the Wildlife Management Institute. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 3 BP 521 EP 536 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1131746 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DQ2UL UT WOS:000379058600007 ER PT J AU Rutherford, ES Allison, J Ruetz, CR Elliott, JR Nohner, JK DuFour, MR O'Neal, RP Jude, DJ Hensler, SR AF Rutherford, E. S. Allison, J. Ruetz, C. R., III Elliott, J. R. Nohner, J. K. DuFour, M. R. O'Neal, R. P. Jude, D. J. Hensler, S. R. TI Density and Survival of Walleye Eggs and Larvae in a Great Lakes Tributary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; SANDER-VITREUS; LARGE RIVER; RECRUITMENT; HABITAT; SIZE; ERIE; DRIFT; UNCERTAINTY; DEPOSITION AB The Walleye Sander vitreus is an important sport fish that has experienced low reproductive success in some Great Lakes tributaries since severe population declines began in the late 1940s. In the Muskegon River, a Lake Michigan tributary, natural reproduction of Walleyes remains low and is largely supplemented by stocking. We evaluated the influence of abiotic factors on Walleye reproductive success in the Muskegon River during April and May 2009 and 2010 by ( 1) estimating Walleye egg density and survival; ( 2) estimating the size, density, abundance, and survival of Walleye larvae; and ( 3) relating our estimates to physical habitat conditions. Egg densities were 70-fold higher in 2009 than in 2010, but eggs experienced colder water temperatures, higher river discharge rates, and lower survival in 2009 relative to 2010. Egg survival in incubators was positively related to temperature and negatively related to flow at most sites. In both years, Walleye larvae that hatched during periods of cooler temperature were smaller than larvae that hatched later during periods of warmer temperature. Walleye larval densities were highest near spawning grounds and decreased downstream. Bayesian estimates of variability in larval densities indicated that temporal variability was twice as high as spatial variability in the Muskegon River. Larval survival was much lower in 2009 than in 2010, resulting in an approximately sevenfold higher production of larvae in 2010 than in 2009. Survival was highest for smaller larvae that hatched early in April 2010, when temperatures were warm and discharges were low and stable; in contrast, survival was much lower for larger larvae hatching later in 2010 or for large and small larvae in 2009, when water temperatures were colder and discharges were higher and more variable. Our results suggest that abiotic factors, primarily temperature and river flow, likely control the early survival of Walleyes in the Muskegon River. C1 [Rutherford, E. S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48118 USA. [Allison, J.] Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, 450 Robinson Lane, Bellefonte, PA 16823 USA. [Ruetz, C. R., III] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 West Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Elliott, J. R.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, 1431 Beach Rd, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Nohner, J. K.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, 115 Manly Miles Bldg,1405 South Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [DuFour, M. R.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Lake Erie Ctr, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43616 USA. [O'Neal, R. P.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, 7550 East Messinger Rd, Twin Lake, MI 49457 USA. [Jude, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hensler, S. R.] Detroit River Int Wildlife Refuge, Large Lakes Res Stn, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. RP Rutherford, ES (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48118 USA. EM edwardr@umich.edu FU Michigan Habitat Improvement Fund; Great Lakes Fishery Trust; MDNR Institute for Fisheries Research (IFR); School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University FX Funding for this study was provided by the Michigan Habitat Improvement Fund and the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. We received field support from the MDNR Institute for Fisheries Research (IFR); the School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); and the Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University. Danielle Forsyth (MDNR-IFR), Lacey Mason (MDNR-IFR), and Cathy Darnell (NOAA-GLERL) provided assistance with graphics. This is Contribution 1750 from the NOAA-GLERL. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 3 BP 563 EP 577 DI 10.1080/00028487.2016.1145135 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DQ2UL UT WOS:000379058600010 ER PT J AU Beklemisheva, V Perelman, P Lemskaya, N Kulemzina, A Proskuryakova, A Burkanov, V Graphodatsky, A AF Beklemisheva, V. Perelman, P. Lemskaya, N. Kulemzina, A. Proskuryakova, A. Burkanov, V. Graphodatsky, A. TI Refinement of the Ancestral Carnivore Karyotype Based on Comparative Chromosome Painting of Pinnipeds (Pinnipedia, Carnivora) SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st International Chromosome Conference (ICC) CY JUL 10-13, 2016 CL Foz do Iguacu, BRAZIL C1 [Beklemisheva, V.; Perelman, P.; Lemskaya, N.; Kulemzina, A.; Proskuryakova, A.; Graphodatsky, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Dept Comparat Genom, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Perelman, P.; Proskuryakova, A.; Graphodatsky, A.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Burkanov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Geog Inst, Far East Branch, Dept Higher Vertebrates Ecol,Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. [Burkanov, V.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bekl@mcb.nsc.ru RI Graphodatsky, Alexander/B-4922-2010; Perelman, Polina/N-8088-2015; Beklemisheva, Violetta/N-9532-2015; Lemskaya, Natalya/N-5609-2015 OI Graphodatsky, Alexander/0000-0002-8282-1085; Perelman, Polina/0000-0002-0982-5100; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 EI 1424-859X J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2016 VL 148 IS 2-3 MA III.9 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DP8WA UT WOS:000378777400050 ER PT J AU Cao, WG Huang, QZ Rong, YC Wang, Y Deng, JX Chen, J Xing, XR AF Cao, Weigang Huang, Qingzhen Rong, Yangchun Wang, You Deng, Jinxia Chen, Jun Xing, Xianran TI Structure, phase transition and negative thermal expansion in ammoniated ZrW2O8 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE OXYGEN MIGRATION; SCR CATALYSTS; COMPOSITES; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; XPS AB In the present work, we have developed an effective way to control the thermal expansion of ZrW2O8 by the insertion of NH3 into the void of the framework structure. Neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and XPS studies reveal that N is bonding to W in the ammoniated ZrW2O8 and retains the original structure with the space group P2(1)3. This kind of ammoniation improves the thermal stability, raised the phase transition temperature about 50 K, and weakens the negative thermal expansion (NTE) from -7.8 x 10(-6) K-1 to -2.1 x 10(-6) K-1. These behaviors account for bonding of NH3 to the neighboring atoms of ZrW2O8, and hinder the rocking motion of the corner shared polyhedral structure. C1 [Cao, Weigang; Rong, Yangchun; Wang, You; Deng, Jinxia; Chen, Jun; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xing, XR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xing@ustb.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91022016, 91422301, 21231001]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [FRF-SD-13-008A] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91022016, 91422301, and 21231001), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. FRF-SD-13-008A). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 10 PU CHINESE CHEMICAL SOC PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 1-18, NANKANG, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 2052-1553 J9 INORG CHEM FRONT JI Inorg. Chem. Front. PY 2016 VL 3 IS 6 BP 856 EP 860 DI 10.1039/c5qi00292c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DP5DN UT WOS:000378516300012 ER PT J AU Chan, HL Pan, ML AF Chan, Hing Ling Pan, Minling TI Spillover Effects of Environmental Regulation for Sea Turtle Protection in the Hawaii Longline Swordfish Fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hawaii swordfish longline fishery; spillover effect; turtle bycatch ID INDIVIDUAL VESSEL QUOTAS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; CARETTA-CARETTA; FISHING PRESSURE; MARINE RESERVES; BYCATCH; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT; LEAKAGE; POLICY AB This study examines spillover effects resulting from US fishing regulations instituted to protect sea turtles. Sea turtles, along with US and foreign fisheries for swordfish co-occur on the high seas in the North and Central Pacific and that allows for "spillover effects." When one fishery is required to curtail fishing activity to reduce incidental fishing mortality on sea turtle populations, the activity of other, unregulated fleets may change in ways that adversely affect the very species intended for protection. This study provides an empirical model that estimates these "spillover effects" on sea turtle bycatch resulting from production displacement between regulated US and less-regulated non-US fleets in the North and Central Pacific Ocean. The study demonstrates strong spillover effects, resulting in more sea turtle interaction due to increased foreign fleet activity when Hawaii swordfish production declines. C1 [Chan, Hing Ling] Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA IRC,NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd.,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Pan, Minling] NOAA IRC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Chan, HL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA IRC,NMFS PIFSC ESD Socioecon, 1845 Wasp Blvd.,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM hingling.chan@noaa.gov; minling.pan@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA11NMF4320128] FX Funding for this study was provided to the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), grant number NA11NMF4320128. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 259 EP 279 DI 10.1086/686672 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA DP6BI UT WOS:000378581500001 ER PT J AU Carter, DW Marvasti, A Liese, C Crosson, S AF Carter, David W. Marvasti, Akbar Liese, Christopher Crosson, Scott TI Valuing Sportfishing Harvest with the Demand for Boat Fuel SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Boat fuel demand; essential input; recreational fishing; revealed preference; valuation ID PUBLIC-GOODS; METHODOLOGIES; INFERENCES; MODELS AB This article presents a novel application of the essential input welfare measure to valuing sportfishing harvest. The approach was suggested 30 years ago and has only been applied two other times with market data and has never been applied in the recreation context. We model boat fuel as an essential input in the production of sportfish harvested offshore and trace the value of changes in harvest quality with shifts in the demand for boat fuel. To implement the model we generate the first estimate of the demand for sportfishing boat fuel using the infrequent-purchases model. The estimate of boat fuel price elasticity is more than six times larger than typical estimates for the household demand for automobile fuel. Our estimates of the value of fishing quality are similar to estimates using stated preference and travel cost methods, but have the advantage of being based on market purchases. C1 [Carter, David W.; Marvasti, Akbar; Liese, Christopher; Crosson, Scott] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Carter, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM david.w.carter@noaa.gov; akbar.marvasti@noaa.gov; christopher.liese@noaa.gov; scott.crosson@noaa.gov FU US Government FX The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. All work related to the research was funded by the US Government. No conflicts of interest are identified. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 3 BP 323 EP 338 DI 10.1086/686580 PG 16 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA DP6BI UT WOS:000378581500004 ER PT J AU Campo, J Piao, Y Lam, S Stafford, CM Streit, JK Simpson, JR Walker, ARH Fagan, JA AF Campo, J. Piao, Y. Lam, S. Stafford, C. M. Streit, J. K. Simpson, J. R. Walker, A. R. Hight Fagan, J. A. TI Enhancing single-wall carbon nanotube properties through controlled endohedral filling SO NANOSCALE HORIZONS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; FULLERENE ENCAPSULATION; TRANSITION ENERGIES; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; HYSTERESIS-FREE; MOLECULES; YIELD; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Chemical control of the endohedral volume of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via liquid-phase filling is established to be a facile strategy to controllably modify properties of SWCNTs in manners significant for processing and proposed applications. Encapsulation of over 20 different compounds with distinct chemical structures, functionalities, and effects is demonstrated in SWCNTs of multiple diameter ranges, with the ability to fill the endohedral volume based on the availability of the core volume and compatibility of the molecule's size with the cross-section of the nanotube's cavity. Through exclusion of ingested water and selection of the endohedral chemical environment, significant improvements to the optical properties of dispersed SWCNTs such as narrowed optical transition linewidths and enhanced fluorescence intensities are observed. Examples of tailoring modified properties towards applications or improved processing by endohedral passivation are discussed. C1 [Campo, J.; Lam, S.; Stafford, C. M.; Streit, J. K.; Fagan, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Piao, Y.; Simpson, J. R.; Walker, A. R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, J. R.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Campo, Jochen/A-1738-2015; OI Campo, Jochen/0000-0002-5198-2302; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2055-6756 EI 2055-6764 J9 NANOSCALE HORIZ JI Nanoscale Horiz. PY 2016 VL 1 IS 4 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1039/c6nh00062b PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP7YC UT WOS:000378714100008 ER PT J AU Courtney, DL Adkison, MD Sigler, MF AF Courtney, Dean L. Adkison, Milo D. Sigler, Michael F. TI Risk Analysis of Plausible Incidental Exploitation Rates for the Pacific Sleeper Shark, a Data-Poor Species in the Gulf of Alaska SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DATA-LIMITED SITUATIONS; NATURAL MORTALITY-RATE; SOMNIOSUS SOMNIOSUS ANTARCTICUS; MODEL STOCK SYNTHESIS; SETTING CATCH LIMITS; NORTH PACIFIC; REFERENCE POINTS; REGIME SHIFTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISHING MORTALITY AB Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the sustainability of incidental exploitation rates (U) for Pacific Sleeper Sharks Somniosus pacificus in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) under status quo management. Monte Carlo simulations were implemented with a standard, length-based, age-structured model that was evaluated with forward projection. Given the paucity of relevant data, we investigated the sensitivity of simulation results to a range of assumptions about key model parameters by using 24 alternative model configurations, each simulated 1,000 times. The risk analysis results were most sensitive to Pacific Sleeper Shark U-values. The aggregate fraction of simulations ending in an overfished condition increased from 0% under the low-U scenario to 59% under the high-U scenario. Risk analysis results were also sensitive to the assumed shape of the length-based selectivity curve (asymptotic or dome shaped) but were less sensitive to the range of assumptions about other key model parameters, including maximum age and stock productivity. These results indicate that a priority for Pacific Sleeper Shark management is to reduce the uncertainty in U. This major uncertainty will be decreased by an observer program that is now in place to monitor the historically unobserved GOA Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis fishery, which incidentally catches Pacific Sleeper Sharks. C1 [Courtney, Dean L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Adkison, Milo D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Courtney, Dean L.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Courtney, DL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.; Courtney, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM dean.courtney@noaa.gov FU NMFS Auke Bay Laboratory; NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center's Panama City Laboratory FX This research was conceptualized during a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Studies Program (D.L.C.) in collaboration with the NMFS-AFSC (M.F.S.) and the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks (M.D.A.). Funding (D.L.C.) was provided by the NMFS Auke Bay Laboratory, the NMFS Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, and the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center's Panama City Laboratory. The implementation of steepness in the Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment relationship benefited from conversations with Liz Brooks, Jon Brodziak, and Enric Cortes (NOAA Fisheries). The implementation of catch at age and length benefited from conversations with Felipe Hurtado-Ferro (School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle) and from feedback obtained based on preliminary presentations of this work during a Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology selectivity workshop (La Jolla, California; March 2013). Beth Mathews (University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau) contributed to data obtained from Southeast Alaska. The manuscript benefited from comments made by two anonymous reviewers. NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 523 EP 548 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1131779 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DQ0NN UT WOS:000378896400009 ER PT J AU Jin, D DePiper, G Hoagland, P AF Jin, Di DePiper, Geret Hoagland, Porter TI Applying Portfolio Management to Implement Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management (EBFM) SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB Portfolio management has been suggested as a tool to help implement ecosystem-based fisheries management. The portfolio approach involves the application of financial portfolio theory to multispecies fishery management to account for species interdependencies, uncertainty, and sustainability constraints. By considering covariance among species, this approach allows economic risks and returns to be calculated across varying combinations of stock sizes. Trade-offs between expected aggregate returns and portfolio risk can thus be assessed. We develop a procedure for constructing portfolio models to help implement ecosystem-based fisheries management in the northeastern United States, using harvest data from the National Marine Fisheries Service. Extending the work of Sanchirico et al. (2008), we propose a measure of excessive risk taking, which may be used by managers to monitor signals of nonoptimal harvests. In addition, we conduct portfolio assessments of historical commercial fishing performance at different accounting stances: the large marine ecosystem, the New England region, and the community (fishing ports). We show that portfolio analysis could inform management at each level. Results of the study suggest that excessive risk taking is associated with overfishing, and risk management is therefore important for ensuring sustainability. C1 [Jin, Di; Hoagland, Porter] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [DePiper, Geret] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jin, D (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM djin@whoi.edu OI Hoagland, Porter/0000-0003-0744-4184 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4320129]; J. Seward Johnson Fund FX This article was prepared under award number NA09OAR4320129 (Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and with additional support from the J. Seward Johnson Fund in support of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Policy Center. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 652 EP 669 DI 10.1080/02755947.2016.1146180 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DQ0NN UT WOS:000378896400019 ER PT S AU Lechevalier, D Shin, SJ Woo, J Rachuri, S Foufou, S AF Lechevalier, David Shin, Seung-Jun Woo, Jungyub Rachuri, Sudarsan Foufou, Sebti BE Bouras, A Eynard, B Foufou, S Thoben, KD TI A Virtual Milling Machine Model to Generate Machine-Monitoring Data for Predictive Analytics SO PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF INTERNET OF THINGS, PLM 2015 SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IFIP WG 5.1 International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management in the Era of Internet of Things (PLM) CY OCT 19-21, 2015 CL Doha, QATAR SP IFIP Working Grp WG 5 1, Qatar Natl Res Fund DE STEP; MTConnect; Milling; Data generator; Data analytics ID STEP-NC AB Real data from manufacturing processes are essential to create useful insights for decision-making. However, acquiring real manufacturing data can be expensive and time consuming. To address this issue, we implement a virtual milling machine model to generate machine monitoring data from process plans. MTConnect is used to report the monitoring data. This paper presents (1) the characteristics and specification of milling machine tools, (2) the architecture for implementing the virtual milling machine model, and (3) the integration with a simulation environment for extending to a virtual shop floor model. This paper also includes a case study to explain how to use the virtual milling machine model for predictive analytics modeling. C1 [Lechevalier, David; Shin, Seung-Jun; Woo, Jungyub; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lechevalier, David; Woo, Jungyub] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, Dijon, France. [Woo, Jungyub; Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, CSE Dept, Coll Engn, Doha, Qatar. RP Rachuri, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lechevalier@nist.gov; seungjun.shin@nist.gov; jungyub.woo@nist.gov; sudarsan.rachuri@nist.gov; sfoufou@qu.edu.qa NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-319-33111-9; 978-3-319-33110-2 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2016 VL 467 BP 835 EP 845 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-33111-9_76 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BF0DB UT WOS:000378549400076 ER PT J AU Lee, AKY Abbatt, JPD Leaitch, WR Li, SM Sjostedt, SJ Wentzell, JJB Liggio, J Macdonald, AM AF Lee, Alex K. Y. Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. Leaitch, W. Richard Li, Shao-Meng Sjostedt, Steve J. Wentzell, Jeremy J. B. Liggio, John Macdonald, Anne Marie TI Substantial secondary organic aerosol formation in a coniferous forest: observations of both day- and nighttime chemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; SOA FORMATION; ALPHA-PINENE; REAL-TIME; WACS 2010; ISOPRENE; OH AB Substantial biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) formation was investigated in a coniferous forest mountain region in Whistler, British Columbia. A largely biogenic aerosol growth episode was observed, providing a unique opportunity to investigate BSOA formation chemistry in a forested environment with limited influence from anthropogenic emissions. Positive matrix factorization of aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement identified two types of BSOA (BSOA-1 and BSOA-2), which were primarily generated by gas-phase oxidation of monoterpenes and perhaps sesquiterpenes. The temporal variations of BSOA-1 and BSOA-2 can be explained by gas-particle partitioning in response to ambient temperature and the relative importance of different oxidation mechanisms between day and night. While BSOA-1 arises from gas-phase ozonolysis and nitrate radical chemistry at night, BSOA-2 is likely less volatile than BSOA-1 and consists of products formed via gas-phase oxidation by OH radical and ozone during the day. Organic nitrates produced through nitrate radical chemistry can account for 22-33aEuro-% of BSOA-1 mass at night. The mass spectra of BSOA-1 and BSOA-2 have higher values of the mass fraction of m/zaEuro-91 (f(91)) compared to the background organic aerosol. Using f(91) to evaluate BSOA formation pathways in this unpolluted, forested region, heterogeneous oxidation of BSOA-1 is a minor production pathway of BSOA-2. C1 [Lee, Alex K. Y.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Sjostedt, Steve J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Leaitch, W. Richard; Li, Shao-Meng; Wentzell, Jeremy J. B.; Liggio, John; Macdonald, Anne Marie] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Sjostedt, Steve J.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, AKY (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. EM alexky.lee@utoronto.ca OI Lee, Alex/0000-0002-6022-8678 FU Environment Canada [G C 1004932]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science (CFCAS); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) FX This work was funded by Environment Canada, Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science (CFCAS), and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). Environment Canada funded the Whistler Aerosol and Cloud Study 2010 through the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda (CARA). Funding was provided through Environment Canada's Grants and Contribution program for JPDA and AKYL (G & C 1004932). NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 6721 EP 6733 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6721-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600005 ER PT J AU Moradi, I Arkin, P Ferraro, R Eriksson, P Fetzer, E AF Moradi, Isaac Arkin, Philip Ferraro, Ralph Eriksson, Patrick Fetzer, Eric TI Diurnal variation of tropospheric relative humidity in tropical regions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATOLOGY; CYCLE; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; FEEDBACK; PACIFIC AB Despite the importance of water vapor especially in the tropical region, the diurnal variations of water vapor have not been completely investigated in the past due to the lack of adequate observations. Measurements from Sondeur Atmosph,rique du Profil d'Humidit, Intertropicale par Radiom,trie (SAPHIR) onboard the low inclination Megha-Tropiques satellite with frequent daily revisits provide a valuable dataset for investigating the diurnal and spatial variation of tropospheric relative humidity in the tropical region. In this study, we first transformed SAPHIR observations into layer-averaged relative humidity, then partitioned the data based on local observation time into 24 bins with a grid resolution of one degree. Afterwards, we fitted Fourier series to the binned data. Finally, the mean, amplitude, and diurnal peak time of relative humidity in tropical regions were calculated for each grid point using either the measurements or Fourier series. The results were separately investigated for different SAPHIR channels as well as for relative humidity with respect to both liquid and ice phases. The results showed that the wet and dry regions are, respectively, associated with convective and subsidence regions which is consistent with the previous studies. The mean tropospheric humidity values reported in this study are generally 10 to 15aEuro-% higher than those reported using infrared observations which is because of strict cloud screening for infrared measurements. The results showed a large inhomogeneity in diurnal variation of tropospheric relative humidity in tropical region. The diurnal amplitude was larger over land than over ocean and the oceanic amplitude was larger over convective regions than over subsidence regions. The results showed that the diurnal amplitude is less than 10aEuro-% in middle and upper troposphere, but it is up to 30aEuro-% in lower troposphere over land. Although the peak of RH generally occurs over night or in early morning, there are several regions where the diurnal peak occurs at other times of the day. The early morning peak time is because of a peak in convective activities in early morning. Additionally, a double peak was observed in tropospheric humidity over some regions which is consistent with double peak in precipitation. C1 [Moradi, Isaac; Arkin, Philip] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moradi, Isaac; Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Eriksson, Patrick] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Fetzer, Eric] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moradi, Isaac] NASA, GMAO, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Moradi, I (reprint author), NOAA, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Moradi, I (reprint author), NASA, GMAO, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM isaac.moradi@nasa.gov RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Eriksson, Patrick/A-5321-2009 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Eriksson, Patrick/0000-0002-8475-0479 FU NOAA at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) [NA09NES4400006]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This study was supported by NOAA grant no. NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC). Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SAPHIR data are processed and provided by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 6913 EP 6929 DI 10.5194/acp-16-6913-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600016 ER PT J AU Ortega, AM Hayes, PL Peng, Z Palm, BB Hu, WW Day, DA Li, R Cubison, MJ Brune, WH Graus, M Warneke, C Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, J Gutierrez-Montes, C Jimenez, JL AF Ortega, Amber M. Hayes, Patrick L. Peng, Zhe Palm, Brett B. Hu, Weiwei Day, Douglas A. Li, Rui Cubison, Michael J. Brune, William H. Graus, Martin Warneke, Carsten Gilman, Jessica B. Kuster, William C. de Gouw, Joost Gutierrez-Montes, Candido Jimenez, Jose L. TI Real-time measurements of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging from ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor in the Los Angeles area SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; BIOMASS-BURNING SMOKE; VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MEXICO-CITY; HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RADICAL CHEMISTRY AB Field studies in polluted areas over the last decade have observed large formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that is often poorly captured by models. The study of SOA formation using ambient data is often confounded by the effects of advection, vertical mixing, emissions, and variable degrees of photochemical aging. An oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was deployed to study SOA formation in real-time during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign in Pasadena, CA, in 2010. A high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) alternated sampling ambient and reactor-aged air. The reactor produced OH concentrations up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than in ambient air. OH radical concentration was continuously stepped, achieving equivalent atmospheric aging of 0.8 days-6.4 weeks in 3aEuro-min of processing every 2aEuro-h. Enhancement of organic aerosol (OA) from aging showed a maximum net SOA production between 0.8-6 days of aging with net OA mass loss beyond 2aEuro-weeks. Reactor SOA mass peaked at night, in the absence of ambient photochemistry and correlated with trimethylbenzene concentrations. Reactor SOA formation was inversely correlated with ambient SOA and O-x, which along with the short-lived volatile organic compound correlation, indicates the importance of very reactive (tau(OH)aEuro- aEuro-0.3 day) SOA precursors (most likely semivolatile and intermediate volatility species, S/IVOCs) in the Greater Los Angeles Area. Evolution of the elemental composition in the reactor was similar to trends observed in the atmosphere (OaEuro-:aEuro-C vs. HaEuro-:aEuro-C slope aEuro--0.65). Oxidation state of carbon (OSc) in reactor SOA increased steeply with age and remained elevated (OS(C)aEuro- aEuro-2) at the highest photochemical ages probed. The ratio of OA in the reactor output to excess CO (Delta CO, ambient CO above regional background) vs. photochemical age is similar to previous studies at low to moderate ages and also extends to higher ages where OA loss dominates. The mass added at low-to-intermediate ages is due primarily to condensation of oxidized species, not heterogeneous oxidation. The OA decrease at high photochemical ages is dominated by heterogeneous oxidation followed by fragmentation/evaporation. A comparison of urban SOA formation in this study with a similar study of vehicle SOA in a tunnel suggests the importance of vehicle emissions for urban SOA. Pre-2007 SOA models underpredict SOA formation by an order of magnitude, while a more recent model performs better but overpredicts at higher ages. These results demonstrate the value of the reactor as a tool for in situ evaluation of the SOA formation potential and OA evolution from ambient air. C1 [Ortega, Amber M.; Peng, Zhe; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Day, Douglas A.; Li, Rui; Cubison, Michael J.; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; de Gouw, Joost; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, Amber M.; Li, Rui] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Peng, Zhe; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Day, Douglas A.; Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Rui; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gutierrez-Montes, Candido] Univ Jaen, Dept Ingn Mecan & Minera, Jaen, Spain. [Li, Rui] Markes Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. [Cubison, Michael J.] Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland. [Graus, Martin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU CARB [08-319, 11-305]; DOE (BER, ASP Program) [DE-SC0006035, DE-SC0011105]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834, ATM-0919079]; EPA STAR [83587701-0]; DOE SCGP Fellowship Program (ORAU); DOE SCGP Fellowship Program (ORISE); CIRES Visiting Fellowship program FX We thank CARB 08-319 and 11-305, DOE (BER, ASP Program) DE-SC0006035 and DE-SC0011105, NOAA NA13OAR4310063, and NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834, and EPA STAR 83587701-0 for partial support of this work. EPA has not reviewed this manuscript and thus no endorsement should be inferred. AMO and PLH acknowledge fellowships from the DOE SCGP Fellowship Program (ORAU, ORISE) and the CIRES Visiting Fellowship program, respectively. WHB acknowledges the support by NSF (grant ATM-0919079). We thank Phil Stevens' research group (Indiana University) for use of OH reactivity data from the CalNex Pasadena ground site. We are grateful to Jochen Stutz (UCLA), John Seinfeld (Caltech), and Jason Surratt (UNC-Chapel Hill) for co-organization of the CalNex Supersite, and to CARB for supporting the infrastructure at the site. We also thank John S. Holloway (NOAA) for providing CO data, Roya Bahreini (University of California-Riverside), and Ann M. Middlebrook (NOAA) for providing OA data from the NOAA WP-3D. We thank Carlos Martinez (Univ. Jaen) for useful discussions about CFD modeling of the OFR. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 20 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 BP 7411 EP 7433 DI 10.5194/acp-16-7411-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP2WQ UT WOS:000378354600043 ER PT B AU Cramer, CE Lykke, KR Woodward, JT AF Cramer, Claire E. Lykke, Keith R. Woodward, J. T. BE Deustua, S Allam, S Tucker, D Smith, JA TI SI-Traceable Calibrations of Celestial Objects SO CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF MISSIONS AND LARGE SURVEYS IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration an Standardization of Missions and Large Surveys in Astronomy and Astrophysics CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL HO Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID SPECTRAL-ENERGY DISTRIBUTION; ALPHA-LYRAE; VEGA; RADIOMETER; FLUX AB Photometric calibration is currently the leading source of systematic uncertainty in supernova surveys that aim to determine the nature of dark energy. The bulk of this uncertainty is due to imperfect knowledge of the spectral energy distribution of stars used as primary standards. We review the challenges associated with establishing an absolute calibration of stellar spectra and describe how it is possible to do better by using recent advances in optical metrology, paying particular attention to the measurement chain establishing SI-traceability and reporting of measurement uncertainties. C1 [Cramer, Claire E.; Lykke, Keith R.; Woodward, J. T.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8444, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cramer, CE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8444, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-890-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2016 VL 503 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9RP UT WOS:000378098600012 ER PT B AU Zimmer, P McGraw, JT Zirzow, DC Cramer, C Lykke, K Woodward, JT AF Zimmer, Peter McGraw, John T. Zirzow, Daniel C. Cramer, Claire Lykke, Keith Woodward, John T. BE Deustua, S Allam, S Tucker, D Smith, JA TI A Path to NIST Calibrated Stars over the Dome of the Sky SO CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF MISSIONS AND LARGE SURVEYS IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration an Standardization of Missions and Large Surveys in Astronomy and Astrophysics CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL HO Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; ABSOLUTE FLUX; VEGA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ACCURACY AB The UNM Measurement Astrophysics group is currently constructing and testing a mobile instrument suite that includes a multi-wavelength backscatter lidar, stellar spectroradiometer and cameras (visible and thermal infrared) that will provide real-time atmospheric transmission metadata in the column of atmosphere through which a supported telescope is observing. The design, operation and calibration of the lidar (the Facility Lidar for Astronomical Measurement of Extinction - FLAME) and spectroradiometer (the Astronomical Extinction SpectroPhotometer - AESoP) are detailed. The first task of this instrument suite will be to help create a new set of standard stars radiometrically calibrated to NIST standards. Initially this will be done for bright stars across the wavelength range 350nm to 1050nm at 1nm spectral resolution with measurement accuracy better than 1% per spectral resolution element by calibration to NIST silicon detectors. Because these standard stars will support both ground- and space-based observations, our proposed evolution of calibration begins with suitable bright optical standards and then adds measurements into the infrared. Following optical/infrared calibration of bright stars we plan to calibrate fainter stars, ultimately to V similar to 18, both in the optical and near infrared. C1 [Zimmer, Peter; McGraw, John T.; Zirzow, Daniel C.] Univ New Mexico, MSC 07-4220,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cramer, Claire; Lykke, Keith; Woodward, John T.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmer, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, MSC 07-4220,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-890-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2016 VL 503 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE9RP UT WOS:000378098600013 ER PT J AU Zhu, HF Sun, X Kang, LM Zhang, YX Yu, ZH Ouyang, J Pan, W AF Zhu, Hanfei Sun, Xin Kang, Limin Zhang, Yunxiang Yu, Zhenghai Ouyang, Jun Pan, Wei TI Microstructural and electrical characteristics of epitaxial BiFeO3 thick films sputtered at different Ar/O-2 flow ratios SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; MULTIFERROIC BIFEO3; DOPED BIFEO3; BISMUTH FERRITE; STRAIN; SRTIO3; SI; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB Epitaxial BiFeO3 films (similar to 0.5 mu m thick) were prepared on (100) LaAlO3 substrates using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. A good heteroepitaxial growth of BiFeO3 films was confirmed by XRD and TEM analyses. While co-existing rhombohedral and tetragonal-like phases were revealed near the bottom interface of the films in the form of elastic domains to relax the initial misfit stresses, the bulk of the films consists of only the rhombohedral phase. The sputtering atmosphere, i.e. the flow ratio of Ar/O-2 at a fixed sputtering pressure, did not affect the epitaxial growth and phase structure of the BiFeO3 films. Instead, it showed significant influences on the electrical properties, i.e. dielectric behavior, as well as the ferroelectric and leakage current characteristics. It was shown that, among the four films deposited at different Ar/O-2 flow ratios (2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1 and 6 : 1), the film with a 4 : 1 flow ratio has the best overall electrical properties, which can be attributed to its stoichiometric physical vapor growth at a balanced Ar/O-2 flow ratio. It showed a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 150 mu C cm(-2) and a low leakage current density of about 3.6 x 10(-4) A cm(-2) at 200 kV cm(-1). C1 [Zhu, Hanfei; Kang, Limin; Zhang, Yunxiang; Yu, Zhenghai; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Hanfei; Ouyang, Jun] Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China. [Sun, Xin] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ouyang, Jun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pan, Wei] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab New Ceram & Fine Proc, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Liquid Solid Struct Evolut & Proc Mat, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Suzhou Inst, Suzhou 215123, Peoples R China.; Ouyang, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ouyangjun@sdu.edu.cn OI Ouyang, Jun/0000-0003-2446-2958 FU NSFC [91122024]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry); State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University); Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM); Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University [2015JC034]; Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City [ZXG201445]; Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University [2015YQ009]; "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the NSFC (Grant No. 91122024), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry), as well as the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing (Tsinghua University). J. Ouyang would also like to thank the "Qi-Lu Young Scholar Fund" of Shandong University, the project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation (SRF) for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (ROCS, SEM), and the Key Cultivating Projects of The Interdisciplinary Research in Shandong University (Grant No. 2015JC034). H. Zhu, Z. Yu, and J. Ouyang acknowledge the financial support from the Nanotechnology Projects of Soochow City (Grant No. ZXG201445) and the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (Grant No. 2015YQ009). J. Ouyang would also like to thank the support NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2016 VL 18 IS 24 BP 4604 EP 4612 DI 10.1039/c6ce00781c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA DP1FO UT WOS:000378236100016 ER PT J AU Banzon, V Smith, TM Chin, TM Liu, CY Hankins, W AF Banzon, Viva Smith, Thomas M. Chin, Toshio Mike Liu, Chunying Hankins, William TI A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; IMPACT; AEROSOLS AB This paper describes a blended sea-surface temperature (SST) data set that is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Record (CDR) program product suite. Using optimum interpolation (OI), in situ and satellite observations are combined on a daily and 0.25 degrees spatial grid to form an SST analysis, i.e., a spatially complete field. A large-scale bias adjustment of the input infrared SSTs is made using buoy and ship observations as a reference. This is particularly important for the time periods when volcanic aerosols from the El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo eruptions are widespread globally. The main source of SSTs is the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), available from late 1981 to the present, which is also the temporal span of this CDR. The input and processing choices made to ensure a consistent data set that meets the CDR requirements are summarized. A brief history and an explanation of the forward production schedule for the preliminary and science-quality final product are also provided. The data set is produced and archived at the newly formed National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) at doi:10.7289/V5SQ8XB5. C1 [Banzon, Viva; Liu, Chunying; Hankins, William] NOAA, NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, STAR, SCSB,ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chin, Toshio Mike] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Liu, Chunying; Hankins, William] Earth Resources Technol, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Banzon, V (reprint author), NOAA, NCEI, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM viva.banzon@noaa.gov RI Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.5194/essd-8-165-2016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900013 ER PT J AU Cox, CJ Rowe, PM Neshyba, SP Walden, VP AF Cox, Christopher J. Rowe, Penny M. Neshyba, Steven P. Walden, Von P. TI A synthetic data set of high-spectral-resolution infrared spectra for the Arctic atmosphere SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; WATER-VAPOR; PHASE DETERMINATION; ICE PARTICLE; DRY BIAS; SCATTERING; MODIS; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE AB Cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties are critical for understanding the role of clouds in climate. These properties are commonly retrieved from ground-based and satellite-based infrared remote sensing instruments. However, retrieval uncertainties are difficult to quantify without a standard for comparison. This is particularly true over the polar regions, where surface-based data for a cloud climatology are sparse, yet clouds represent a major source of uncertainty in weather and climate models. We describe a synthetic high-spectral-resolution infrared data set that is designed to facilitate validation and development of cloud retrieval algorithms for surface- and satellite-based remote sensing instruments. Since the data set is calculated using pre-defined cloudy atmospheres, the properties of the cloud and atmospheric state are known a priori. The atmospheric state used for the simulations is drawn from radiosonde measurements made at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site at Barrow, Alaska (71.325 degrees N, 156.615 degrees W), a location that is generally representative of the western Arctic. The cloud properties for each simulation are selected from statistical distributions derived from past field measurements. Upwelling (at 60 km) and downwelling (at the surface) infrared spectra are simulated for 260 cloudy cases from 50 to 3000 cm(-1) (3.3 to 200 mu m) at monochromatic (line-by-line) resolution at a spacing of similar to 0.01 cm(-1) using the Line-by-line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM) and the discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer code (DISORT). These spectra are freely available for interested researchers from the NSF Arctic Data Center data repository C1 [Cox, Christopher J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cox, Christopher J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Rowe, Penny M.] NorthWest Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA. [Rowe, Penny M.] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Phys, Santiago, Chile. [Neshyba, Steven P.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Chem, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Walden, Von P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cox, CJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Cox, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM christopher.j.cox@noaa.gov RI Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016 OI Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173 FU National Science Foundation's Arctic Observing Network (AON) [NSF ARC-1108451]; NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Arctic Research Program (ARP); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES); NSF [ARC-1108451, CHE-1306366]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia CONICYT-Anillos [Preis ACT 1410] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation's Arctic Observing Network (AON) (NSF ARC-1108451). C. J. Cox also received support from the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Arctic Research Program (ARP) and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Visiting Fellows Program. P. M. Rowe received support from NSF award ARC-1108451 and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia CONICYT-Anillos, Preis ACT 1410. S. P. Neshyba was supported by NSF award CHE-1306366 for this work. The NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) archive of CO2 measurements is available from ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/co2/flask/surface/. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.5194/essd-8-199-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900016 ER PT J AU Valente, A Sathyendranath, S Brotas, V Groom, S Grant, M Taberner, M Antoine, D Arnone, R Balch, WM Barker, K Barlow, R Belanger, S Berthon, JF Besiktepe, S Brando, V Canuti, E Chavez, F Claustre, H Crout, R Frouin, R Garcia-Soto, C Gibb, S Gould, R Hooker, S Kahru, M Klein, H Kratzer, S Loisel, H Mckee, D Mitchell, BG Moisan, T Muller-Karger, F O'Dowd, L Ondrusek, M Poulton, AJ Repecaud, M Smyth, T Sosik, HM Twardowski, M Voss, K Werdell, J Wernand, M Zibordi, G AF Valente, Andre Sathyendranath, Shubha Brotas, Vanda Groom, Steve Grant, Michael Taberner, Malcolm Antoine, David Arnone, Robert Balch, William M. Barker, Kathryn Barlow, Ray Belanger, Simon Berthon, Jean-Francois Besiktepe, Sukru Brando, Vittorio Canuti, Elisabetta Chavez, Francisco Claustre, Herve Crout, Richard Frouin, Robert Garcia-Soto, Carlos Gibb, StuartW. Gould, Richard Hooker, Stanford Kahru, Mati Klein, Holger Kratzer, Susanne Loisel, Hubert Mckee, David Mitchell, Brian G. Moisan, Tiffany Muller-Karger, Frank O'Dowd, Leonie Ondrusek, Michael Poulton, Alex J. Repecaud, Michel Smyth, Timothy Sosik, Heidi M. Twardowski, Michael Voss, Kenneth Werdell, Jeremy Wernand, Marcel Zibordi, Giuseppe TI A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID WATERS; VALIDATION; ATLANTIC; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; IRRADIANCE; SCATTERING; PRODUCTS; MODEL; NM AB A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015). C1 [Valente, Andre; Brotas, Vanda] Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Sathyendranath, Shubha; Groom, Steve; Grant, Michael; Smyth, Timothy] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Taberner, Malcolm] EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Antoine, David] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Antoine, David] Curtin Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Med Radiat Sci, Remote Sensing & Satellite Res Grp, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA. [Balch, William M.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Barker, Kathryn] ARGANS Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Barlow, Ray] Bayworld Ctr Res & Educ, Cape Town, South Africa. [Belanger, Simon] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. [Berthon, Jean-Francois; Canuti, Elisabetta; Zibordi, Giuseppe] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Besiktepe, Sukru] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Brando, Vittorio] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Brando, Vittorio] CNR IREA, Milan, Italy. [Chavez, Francisco] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Claustre, Herve] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOV, INSU,CNRS, 181 Chemin Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Crout, Richard; Gould, Richard] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Kiln, MS USA. [Frouin, Robert; Kahru, Mati; Mitchell, Brian G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] Spanish Inst Oceanog IEO, Corazon de Maria 8, Madrid 28002, Spain. [Garcia-Soto, Carlos] PIE EHU, Plentzia 48620, Spain. [Gibb, StuartW.] Univ Highlands & Isl, North Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso, Scotland. [Hooker, Stanford; Werdell, Jeremy] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Klein, Holger] Fed Maritime & Hydrog Agcy, Operat Oceanog Grp, Hamburg, Germany. [Kratzer, Susanne] Stockholm Univ, Frescati Backe, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Loisel, Hubert] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Oceanol & Geosci, Maison Rech Environm Naturel, Wimereux, France. [Mckee, David] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Moisan, Tiffany] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing ImaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [O'Dowd, Leonie] Inst Marine, Fisheries & Ecosystem Advisory Serv, Galway, Ireland. [Ondrusek, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SOCD, College Pk, MD USA. [Poulton, Alex J.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Biogeochem & Ecosyst, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hants, England. [Repecaud, Michel] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Plouzane, France. [Sosik, Heidi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Twardowski, Michael] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wernand, Marcel] Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Phys Oceanog Marine Opt & Remote Sensing, Texel, Netherlands. RP Valente, A (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr MARE, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. EM adovalente@fc.ul.pt RI Valente, Andre/G-5244-2016; Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Brando, Vittorio/A-1321-2008; CLAUSTRE, Herve/E-6877-2011; OI Valente, Andre/0000-0002-8789-7038; Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Brando, Vittorio/0000-0002-2193-5695; CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258; Sosik, Heidi/0000-0002-4591-2842; Gibb, Stuart/0000-0003-3882-338X FU European Space Agency (ESA); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU); Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC); Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV); National Science Foundation [OCE 09-26766]; NASA; [PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014] FX This paper is a contribution to the ESA OC-CCI project. This work is also a contribution to project PEst-OE/MAR/UI0199/2014. We are grateful for the efforts of the teams responsible for the collection of the data in the field and of the teams responsible for processing and storing the data in archives, without which this work would not be possible. We thank Tamoghna Acharyya and Robert Brewin at Plymouth Marine Laboratory for their initial contribution to this work. We thank the NOAA (US) for making available the MOBY data and Yong Sung Kim for the help with questions about MOBY data. BOUSSOLE is supported and funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) and the Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOV). We thank ACRIST, ARGANS and ESA for access to the MERMAID Database (http://hermes.acri.fr/mermaid). We thank Annelies Hommersom, Pierre Yves Deschamps and David Siegel for allowing the use of MERMAID data for which they are principal investigators. We thank the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for access to AMT data and in particular Polly Hadziabdic and Rob Thomas for their help with questions about the AMT dataset. We thank Victoria Hill, Patrick Holligan, Gerald Moore and Emilio Suarez for the use of AMT data for which they are principal investigators. We thank Sam Ahmed, Hui Feng, Alex Gilerson and Brent Holben for allowing the use of the AERONET-OC data for which they are principal investigators. We thank also the AERONET staff and site support people. We thank Bob Bidigare, Matthew Church, Ricardo Letelier and Jasmine Nahorniak for making the HOT data available, and the National Science Foundation for support of the HOT research (grant OCE 09-26766). We thank Yves Dandonneau for allowing the use of GeP&CO data. We thank the ICES database on the marine environment (Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014) for allowing the use of their archived data, and Marilynn Sorensen for the help with questions about the ICES dataset. We thank all ICES contributors for their data. We thank Eric Zettler and the SEA Education Association. We thank NASA, SeaBASS and the Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for access to SeaBASS and NOMAD data. We thank NASA for project funding for data collection. We thank Chris Proctor from SeaBASS for his valuable and prompt help with a variety of questions. Finally, we are deeply thankful to the data contributors of NOMAD and SeaBASS: Kevin Arrigo, Mike Behrenfeld, Emmanuel Boss, Chris Brown, Douglas Capone, Ken Carder, Alex Chekalyuk, Jay-Chung Chen, Dennis Clark, Jorge Corredor, Glenn Cota, Yves Dandonneau, Heidi Dierssen, David Eslinger, Piotr Flatau, Joaquim Goes, Gwo-Ching Gong, Larry Harding, Jon Hare, Chuanmin Hu, Sung-Ho Kang, Gary Kirkpatrick, Oleg Kopelevich, Sam Laney, Zhongping Lee, Ricardo Letelier, Marlon Lewis, Antonio Mannino, John Marra, Chuck McClain, Christophe Menkes, Mark Miller, Ru Morrison, James Mueller, James Nelson, Norman Nelson, Mary Jane Perry, David Phinney, John Porter, Collin Roesler, David Siegel, Mike Sieracki, Jeffrey Smart, Raymond Smith, James Spinhirne, Dariusz Stramski, Rick Stumpf, Ajit Subramaniam, Chuck Trees, Ronald Zaneveld, Eric Zettler and Richard Zimmerman. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.5194/essd-8-235-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DP0VB UT WOS:000378206900019 ER PT J AU Pillai, KV Gray, PJ Tien, CC Bleher, R Sung, LP Duncan, TV AF Pillai, Karthik V. Gray, Patrick J. Tien, Chun-Chieh Bleher, Reiner Sung, Li-Piin Duncan, Timothy V. TI Environmental release of core-shell semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CONTACT MATERIALS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; PACKAGING APPLICATIONS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; MIGRATION; POLYETHYLENE; NANOSILVER; COMPOSITES; NANOCLAY AB Concomitant with the development of polymer nanocomposite (PNC) technologies across numerous industries is an expanding awareness of the uncertainty with which engineered nanoparticles embedded within these materials may be released into the external environment, particularly liquid media. Recently there has been an interest in evaluating potential exposure to nanoscale fillers from PNCs, but existing studies often rely upon uncharacterized, poor quality, or proprietary materials, creating a barrier to making general mechanistic conclusions about release phenomena. In this study we employed semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots, QDs) as model nanofillers to quantify potential release into liquid media under specific environmental conditions. QDs of two sizes were incorporated into low-density polyethylene by melt compounding and the mixtures were extruded as free-standing fluorescent films. These films were subjected to tests under conditions intended to accelerate potential release of embedded particles or dissolved residuals into liquid environments. Using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy, it was found that the acidity of the external medium, exposure time, and small differences in particle size (on the order of a few nm) all play pivotal roles in release kinetics. Particle dissolution was found to play a major if not dominant role in the release process. This paper also presents the first evidence that internally embedded nanoparticles contribute to the mass transfer, an observation made possible via the use of a model system that was deliberately designed to probe the complex relationships between nanoparticle-enabled plastics and the environment. C1 [Pillai, Karthik V.; Gray, Patrick J.; Duncan, Timothy V.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 6502 South Archer Rd, Bedford Pk, IL 60501 USA. [Tien, Chun-Chieh; Sung, Li-Piin] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bleher, Reiner] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Univ Atom & Nanoscale Characterizat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bleher, Reiner] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Duncan, TV (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 6502 South Archer Rd, Bedford Pk, IL 60501 USA. EM timothy.duncan@fda.hhs.gov OI Gray, Patrick/0000-0002-8248-2749 FU FDA/CFSAN; MRSEC program at the Materials Research Center [NSF DMR-1121262]; International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); State of Illinois, through the IIN FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Glenn J. Bastiaans, Ph. D., President of NanoOptical Materials, for helpful discussions related to QD performance and composition. The authors also thank FDA/CFSAN for financial support of this work. This work made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2016 VL 3 IS 3 BP 657 EP 669 DI 10.1039/c6en00064a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DP1IZ UT WOS:000378245000016 PM 27529026 ER PT J AU Park, J MacMahan, J Sweet, WV Kotun, K AF Park, Joseph MacMahan, Jamie Sweet, William V. Kotun, Kevin TI Continuous seiche in bays and harbors SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEVEL OSCILLATIONS; COASTAL SEICHES; SEA; TOPOGRAPHY; ISLANDS; TIDES; MODEL AB Seiches are often considered a transitory phenomenon wherein large amplitude water level oscillations are excited by a geophysical event, eventually dissipating some time after the event. However, continuous small-amplitude seiches have been recognized which raises a question regarding the origin of continuous forcing. We examine six bays around the Pacific where continuous seiches are evident and, based on spectral, modal, and kinematic analysis, suggest that tidally forced shelf resonances are a primary driver of continuous seiches. C1 [Park, Joseph; Kotun, Kevin] Natl Pk Serv, 950 N Krome Ave, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. [MacMahan, Jamie] Naval Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA USA. [Sweet, William V.] NOAA, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, 950 N Krome Ave, Homestead, FL 33030 USA. EM joseph_park@nps.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.5194/os-12-355-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DP0JO UT WOS:000378176300002 ER PT J AU Frajka-Williams, E Meinen, CS Johns, WE Smeed, DA Duchez, A Lawrence, AJ Cuthbertson, DA McCarthy, GD Bryden, HL Baringer, MO Moat, BI Rayner, D AF Frajka-Williams, E. Meinen, C. S. Johns, W. E. Smeed, D. A. Duchez, A. Lawrence, A. J. Cuthbertson, D. A. McCarthy, G. D. Bryden, H. L. Baringer, M. O. Moat, B. I. Rayner, D. TI Compensation between meridional flow components of the Atlantic MOC at 26 degrees N SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY DENSITY VARIATIONS; EDDY-FILLED OCEAN; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLORIDA CURRENT; 25-DEGREES N; 26.5-DEGREES-N; WIND AB From ten years of observations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at 26 degrees N (2004-2014), we revisit the question of flow compensation between components of the circulation. Contrasting with early results from the observations, transport variations of the Florida Current (FC) and upper mid-ocean (UMO) transports (top 1000 m east of the Bahamas) are now found to compensate on sub-annual timescales. The observed compensation between the FC and UMO transports is associated with horizontal circulation and means that this part of the correlated variability does not project onto the MOC. A deep baroclinic response to wind-forcing (Ekman transport) is also found in the lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW; 3000-5000 m) transport. In contrast, co-variability between Ekman and the LNADW transports does contribute to overturning. On longer timescales, the southward UMO transport has continued to strengthen, resulting in a continued decline of the MOC. Most of this interannual variability of the MOC can be traced to changes in isopycnal displacements on the western boundary, within the top 1000 m and below 2000 m. Substantial trends are observed in isopycnal displacements in the deep ocean, underscoring the importance of deep boundary measurements to capture the variability of the Atlantic MOC. C1 [Frajka-Williams, E.; Lawrence, A. J.; Cuthbertson, D. A.; Bryden, H. L.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Meinen, C. S.; Baringer, M. O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Johns, W. E.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL USA. [Smeed, D. A.; Duchez, A.; McCarthy, G. D.; Moat, B. I.; Rayner, D.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Frajka-Williams, E (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM e.frajka-williams@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838 FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE1332978]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Climate Program Office - Climate Observation Division; NOAA FX Data from the RAPID Climate Change (RAPID)/Meridional overturning circulation and heat flux array (MOCHA), Western Boundary Time Series (WBTS) projects are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), National Science Foundation (NSF, OCE1332978) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Climate Program Office - Climate Observation Division. Data are freely available from www.rapid.ac.uk.; Florida Current transports are funded by the NOAA and are available from www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.5194/os-12-481-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DP0JO UT WOS:000378176300011 ER PT J AU Koo, J Kim, H Kim, KY Jang, YR Lee, JS Yoon, SW Suh, BJ Yu, T Bang, J Yoon, K Yuan, G Satija, SK AF Koo, Jaseung Kim, Hyeri Kim, Ki-Yeon Jang, Young Rae Lee, Jeong-Soo Yoon, Sung Won Suh, Byoung Jin Yu, Taekyung Bang, Joona Yoon, Kyunghwan Yuan, Guangcui Satija, Sushil K. TI Controlling the magnetic properties of polymer-iron oxide nanoparticle composite thin films via spatial particle orientation SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID FE3O4 NANOPARTICLES; CONTRAST AGENTS; NANOCOMPOSITES; MONOLAYERS AB We investigated the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticle orientation on the magnetic properties of hybrid polymer nanocomposite thin films. A multilayer thin film consisting of alternating layers of polymers and assembled iron oxide nanoparticles was prepared by spin coating and Langmuir-Blodgett techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and neutron reflectivity measurements were employed to determine structural information related to the lateral orientation of the Fe3O4 nanoparticle monolayer and the layered architecture along the depth of the multilayer, respectively. The magnetic properties of the hybrid multilayer were characterized by SQUID magnetometry and compared with the properties of a spin-oated polymer nanocomposite thin film containing homogenously dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles. We found that the closely-packed monolayer structure of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles changed the magnetic properties on account of the dipolar interactions between particles, whereas the homogeneously-ispersed nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix exhibited zero remanent magnetization and coercivity due to isolation of the nanoparticles and lack of dipolar interactions. C1 [Koo, Jaseung; Kim, Hyeri; Kim, Ki-Yeon; Jang, Young Rae; Lee, Jeong-Soo] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Daejeon 305353, South Korea. [Kim, Hyeri; Bang, Joona] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Yoon, Sung Won; Suh, Byoung Jin; Yoon, Kyunghwan] Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Bucheon 420743, South Korea. [Yu, Taekyung] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Daejeon 305738, South Korea. [Yuan, Guangcui; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koo, J (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Daejeon 305353, South Korea. EM jkoo@kaeri.re.kr FU National Research Foundation of Korea [2012M2A2A6004260] FX This work was supported primarily from a grant from by the National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract No. 2012M2A2A6004260. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 61 BP 55842 EP 55847 DI 10.1039/c6ra10026k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DP1UR UT WOS:000378275400021 ER PT S AU Deschenes, JD Sinclair, LC Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Baumann, E Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Sinclair, Laura C. Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William C. Baumann, Esther Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Synchronization of optical oscillators over a free-space link at the femtosecond level SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID ACCURACY; CLOCK; TIME AB We demonstrate time synchronization of two optical oscillators across a turbulent 4-km free-space link. The time offset between oscillators is below 4 fs at minute timescales with less than 50 fs wander over 40 hours. C1 [Deschenes, Jean-Daniel] Univ Laval, 2375 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Sinclair, Laura C.; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Baumann, Esther; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Deschenes, JD (reprint author), Univ Laval, 2375 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. EM fabrizio.giorgetta@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203091 ER PT S AU Hackett, DC Ycas, G Diddams, S AF Hackett, Daniel C. Ycas, Gabriel Diddams, Scott BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI A low-dispersion Fabry-Perot cavity for generation of a 30 GHz astrocomb spanning 140 nm SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID LASER FREQUENCY COMBS; CM S(-1); PRECISION AB For broadband filtering of a frequency comb, ultra-low dispersion mirrors with reflectivity 99.2 - 99.6% are fabricated and characterized. A Fabry-Perot cavity is constructed, and used to filter 140 nm of optical bandwidth to 30 GHz. C1 [Hackett, Daniel C.; Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hackett, Daniel C.; Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hackett, DC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daniel.hackett@colorado.edu; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203034 ER PT S AU Le Jeannic, H Huang, K Ruaudel, J Verma, VB Shaw, MD Marsili, F Nam, SW Wu, E Zeng, H Jeong, YC Filip, R Morin, O Laurat, J AF Le Jeannic, H. Huang, K. Ruaudel, J. Verma, V. B. Shaw, M. D. Marsili, F. Nam, S. W. Wu, E. Zeng, H. Jeong, Y. -C. Filip, R. Morin, O. Laurat, J. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Efficient Optical Generation of Large-Amplitude Schrodinger Cat States with Minimal Resources SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB We demonstrate a protocol enabling the generation of large coherent state superpositions with unprecedented preparation rate. It is optimally using expensive non-Gaussian resources to build up only the core non-Gaussian part of the state. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Le Jeannic, H.; Huang, K.; Ruaudel, J.; Jeong, Y. -C.; Morin, O.; Laurat, J.] ENS PSL Res Univ, UPMC Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Huang, K.; Wu, E.; Zeng, H.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M. D.; Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Filip, R.] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. RP Le Jeannic, H (reprint author), ENS PSL Res Univ, UPMC Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel,Coll France, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM hanna.lejeannic@lkb.upmc.fr NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203079 ER PT S AU Lee, CC Silverman, KL Feldman, A Harvey, T Mirin, RP Schibli, TR AF Lee, C-C Silverman, K. L. Feldman, A. Harvey, T. Mirin, R. P. Schibli, T. R. BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI A Hybrid III-V-Graphene Device for Modelocking and Noise Suppression in a Frequency Comb SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network ID STABILIZATION; BANDWIDTH; MODULATOR AB We demonstrate a device that integrates a III-V semiconductor saturable absorber mirror with a graphene electro-optic modulator, which provides a monolithic solution to modelocking and noise suppression in a frequency comb. C1 [Lee, C-C; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Silverman, K. L.; Feldman, A.; Harvey, T.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chienchung.lee@colorado.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203028 ER PT S AU Li, Q Davanco, M Srinivasan, K AF Li, Qing Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik BE Bui, TX Sprague, RH TI Efficient single-photon-level quantum frequency conversion on a silicon nanophotonic chip SO 2016 49TH HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES (HICSS) SE Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) CY JAN 05-08, 2016 CL Koloa, HI SP Pacific Res Inst Informat Syst & Management, Univ Hawaii, Shidler Coll Business, Dept IT Management, IBM, Provalis Res, Int Soc Serv Innovat, Teradata, Univ Network AB We demonstrate frequency conversion of single-photon-level signals with an efficiency of 25% and signal-to-noise level >20: 1, via four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in a Si3N4 microring using low power (<20 mW per pump), continuous wave pump lasers. C1 [Li, Qing; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Qing] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM qing.li@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 978-0-7695-5670-3 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9EW UT WOS:000377358203083 ER PT J AU Munteanu, C Negrea, C Echim, M Mursula, K AF Munteanu, Costel Negrea, Catalin Echim, Marius Mursula, Kalevi TI Effect of data gaps: comparison of different spectral analysis methods SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Space plasma physics; instruments and techniques ID LASER-DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY; TURBULENCE POWER SPECTRA; UNEVENLY SPACED DATA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; SAMPLED-DATA; SOLAR; PARAMETERS; SIGNALS; PLASMA AB In this paper we investigate quantitatively the effect of data gaps for four methods of estimating the amplitude spectrum of a time series: fast Fourier transform (FFT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT), Z transform (ZTR) and the Lomb-Scargle algorithm (LST). We devise two tests: the single-large-gap test, which can probe the effect of a single data gap of varying size and the multiple-small-gaps test, used to study the effect of numerous small gaps of variable size distributed within the time series. The tests are applied on two data sets: a synthetic data set composed of a superposition of four sinusoidal modes, and one component of the magnetic field measured by the Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft in orbit around the planet Venus. For single data gaps, FFT and DFT give an amplitude monotonically decreasing with gap size. However, the shape of their amplitude spectrum remains unmodified even for a large data gap. On the other hand, ZTR and LST preserve the absolute level of amplitude but lead to greatly increased spectral noise for increasing gap size. For multiple small data gaps, DFT, ZTR and LST can, unlike FFT, find the correct amplitude of sinusoidal modes even for large data gap percentage. However, for in-situ data collected in a turbulent plasma environment, these three methods overestimate the high frequency part of the amplitude spectrum above a threshold depending on the maximum gap size, while FFT slightly underestimates it. C1 [Munteanu, Costel; Negrea, Catalin; Echim, Marius] Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. [Munteanu, Costel; Mursula, Kalevi] Univ Oulu, Astron & Space Phys Res Unit, Oulu, Finland. [Munteanu, Costel] Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, Magurele, Romania. [Negrea, Catalin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Echim, Marius] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. RP Munteanu, C (reprint author), Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania.; Munteanu, C (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Astron & Space Phys Res Unit, Oulu, Finland.; Munteanu, C (reprint author), Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, Magurele, Romania. EM costelm@spacescience.ro RI Negrea, Catalin/A-4321-2017 FU European Community [313038]; Romanian Ministry of National Education, CNCSUEFISCDI [PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418]; Academy of Finland [272157, 264994] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 313038 (STORM), and a grant of the Romanian Ministry of National Education, CNCSUEFISCDI, project No. PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0418. We also acknowledge the financial support by the Academy of Finland to the ReSoLVE Center of Excellence (project 272157) and to project 264994. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2016 VL 34 IS 4 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.5194/angeo-34-437-2016 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO3JE UT WOS:000377677100007 ER PT J AU Newman, JF Klein, PM Wharton, S Sathe, A Bonin, TA Chilson, PB Muschinski, A AF Newman, Jennifer F. Klein, Petra M. Wharton, Sonia Sathe, Ameya Bonin, Timothy A. Chilson, Phillip B. Muschinski, Andreas TI Evaluation of three lidar scanning strategies for turbulence measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND LIDARS; DOPPLER LIDAR; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; ERROR AB Several errors occur when a traditional Doppler beam swinging (DBS) or velocity-azimuth display (VAD) strategy is used to measure turbulence with a lidar. To mitigate some of these errors, a scanning strategy was recently developed which employs six beam positions to independently estimate the u, v, and w velocity variances and covariances. In order to assess the ability of these different scanning techniques to measure turbulence, a Halo scanning lidar, WindCube v2 pulsed lidar, and ZephIR continuous wave lidar were deployed at field sites in Oklahoma and Colorado with collocated sonic anemometers. Results indicate that the six-beam strategy mitigates some of the errors caused by VAD and DBS scans, but the strategy is strongly affected by errors in the variance measured at the different beam positions. The ZephIR and WindCube lidars overestimated horizontal variance values by over 60% under unstable conditions as a result of variance contamination, where additional variance components contaminate the true value of the variance. A correction method was developed for the WindCube lidar that uses variance calculated from the vertical beam position to reduce variance contamination in the u and v variance components. The correction method reduced WindCube variance estimates by over 20% at both the Oklahoma and Colorado sites under unstable conditions, when variance contamination is largest. This correction method can be easily applied to other lidars that contain a vertical beam position and is a promising method for accurately estimating turbulence with commercially available lidars. C1 [Newman, Jennifer F.; Klein, Petra M.; Bonin, Timothy A.; Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wharton, Sonia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Sathe, Ameya] DTU Wind Energy, Riso Campus, Roskilde, Denmark. [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Muschinski, Andreas] NorthWest Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. [Newman, Jennifer F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Bonin, Timothy A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bonin, Timothy A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sathe, Ameya] DONG Energy, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Newman, JF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Newman, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM jennifer.newman@nrel.gov RI Bonin, Timothy /C-9125-2016; Klein, Petra/G-1894-2012 OI Bonin, Timothy /0000-0001-7679-2890; Klein, Petra/0000-0003-2943-7831 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [12-ERD-069]; US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the Southern Great Plains ARM site, Tim Lim from NCAR, Lucas Root from NorthWest Research Associates, Shiril Tichkule from the University of Colorado at Boulder, Bruce Bartram and Daniel Wolfe from NOAA/ESRL's Physical Sciences Division, Marc Fischer and Sebastien Biraud from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Boundary Layer Integrated Sensing and Simulation group at OU, and the technical support staff at Campbell Scientific, Leosphere, and Halo Photonics for their assistance during the experiments. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of two reviewers, whose comments and suggestions helped improve the manuscript. LABLE 2 data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility, a US Department of Energy Office of Science user facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. J. F. Newman and S. Wharton received funding from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) award number 12-ERD-069 from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1993 EP 2013 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1993-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO5XD UT WOS:000377855300003 ER PT J AU Brogniez, H English, S Mahfouf, JF Behrendt, A Berg, W Boukabara, S Buehler, SA Chambon, P Gambacorta, A Geer, A Ingram, W Kursinski, ER Matricardi, M Odintsova, TA Payne, VH Thorne, PW Tretyakov, MY Wang, JH AF Brogniez, Helene English, Stephen Mahfouf, Jean-Francois Behrendt, Andreas Berg, Wesley Boukabara, Sid Buehler, Stefan Alexander Chambon, Philippe Gambacorta, Antonia Geer, Alan Ingram, William Kursinski, E. Robert Matricardi, Marco Odintsova, Tatyana A. Payne, Vivienne H. Thorne, Peter W. Tretyakov, Mikhail Yu Wang, Junhong TI A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Review ID WATER-VAPOR ABSORPTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; RADIANCE OBSERVATIONS; CONTINUUM ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW; BIAS CORRECTION; AIR; ASSIMILATION; CHANNELS; SAPHIR AB Several recent studies have observed systematic differences between measurements in the 183.31 GHz water vapor line by space-borne sounders and calculations using radiative transfer models, with inputs from either radiosondes (radiosonde observations, RAOBs) or short-range forecasts by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This paper discusses all the relevant categories of observation-based or model-based data, quantifies their uncertainties and separates biases that could be common to all causes from those attributable to a particular cause. Reference observations from radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman lidar are thus overviewed. Biases arising from their calibration procedures, NWP models and data assimilation, instrument biases and radiative transfer models (both the models themselves and the underlying spectroscopy) are presented and discussed. Although presently no single process in the comparisons seems capable of explaining the observed structure of bias, recommendations are made in order to better understand the causes. C1 [Brogniez, Helene] UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS,IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. [English, Stephen; Geer, Alan; Matricardi, Marco] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Mahfouf, Jean-Francois; Chambon, Philippe] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Behrendt, Andreas] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Berg, Wesley] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Boukabara, Sid] NOAA, USA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Buehler, Stefan Alexander] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Hamburg, Germany. [Gambacorta, Antonia] Sci & Technol Corp, Columbia, MD USA. [Ingram, William] Hadley Ctr, MetOff, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ingram, William] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, AOPP, Oxford, England. [Kursinski, E. Robert] Space Sci & Engn, Boulder, CO USA. [Odintsova, Tatyana A.; Tretyakov, Mikhail Yu] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Payne, Vivienne H.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thorne, Peter W.] Maynooth Univ, Dept Geog, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Wang, Junhong] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Brogniez, H (reprint author), UPMC, UVSQ, CNRS, LATMOS,IPSL, F-78280 Guyancourt, France. EM helene.brogniez@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU CNES; Megha-Tropiques; EU [Ares(2014)3708963, 640276]; EUMETSAT through its Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF); Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NASA Award from the Precipitation Measurement Mission Science Team; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This paper reflects the outcomes of a workshop that was held 29-30 June 2015, in Paris. The process of identifying the key questions was performed during a series of working group sessions whose additional participants are thanked C. Accadia, R. Armante, P. Brunel, J. Bureau, M. Dejus, S. Di Michele, A. Doherty, C. Dufour, F. Duruisseau R. Fallourd, C. Goldstein, B. Ingleby, E. Kim, S. Laviola, A. Martini, V. Mattioli, L. Picon, C. Prigent, P. Sinigoj, N. Viltard. We warmly thank the CNES and Megha-Tropiques for the financial support of the workshop and also Sophie Cloche (IPSL) for her immense help in its organization. P.W Thorne was supported by the EU H2020 project GAIA-CLIM (Ares(2014)3708963/Project 640276). W. Ingram was funded by EUMETSAT through its Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM-SAF). T.A Odintsova and M.Y Tretyakov acknowledge partial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). V. H. Payne was supported by a NASA Award from the Precipitation Measurement Mission Science Team. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not imply its endorsement by the United States government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2207 EP 2221 DI 10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DO5XD UT WOS:000377855300016 ER PT J AU Roudebush, JH Ross, KA Cava, RJ AF Roudebush, John H. Ross, K. A. Cava, R. J. TI Iridium containing honeycomb Delafossites by topotactic cation exchange SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; LATTICES AB We report the structure and magnetic properties of two new iridium-based honeycomb Delafossite compounds, Cu3NaIr2O6 and Cu3LiIr2O6, formed by a topotactic cation exchange reaction. The starting materials Na2IrO3 and Li2IrO3, which are based on layers of IrO6 octahedra in a honeycomb lattice separated by layers of alkali ions, are transformed to the title compounds by a topotactic exchange reaction through heating with CuCl below 450 degrees C; higher temperature reactions cause decomposition. The new compounds display dramatically different magnetic behavior from their parent compounds - Cu3NaIr2O6 has a ferromagnetic like magnetic transition at 10 K, while Cu3LiIr2O6 retains the antiferromagnetic transition temperature of its parent compound but displays significantly stronger dominance of antiferromagnetic coupling between spins. These results reveal that a surprising difference in the magnetic interactions between the magnetic Ir ions has been induced by a change in the non-magnetic interlayer species. A combination of neutron and X-ray powder diffraction is used for the structure refinement of Cu3NaIr2O6 and both compounds are compared to their parent materials. C1 [Roudebush, John H.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Roudebush, JH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences through The Institute for Quantum Matter at Johns Hopkins University [DOE DE-FG02-08ER46544] FX Research at Princeton University, which involved the materials synthesis, magnetic measurements and structural analysis, was supported by the Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant DOE DE-FG02-08ER46544 through The Institute for Quantum Matter at Johns Hopkins University. Q. Huang of the NIST Center for Neutron Research is thanked for his assistance in neutron measurements. E. M. Siebel of Princeton University is thanked for helpful discussions. Identification of commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that these products are necessarily the best for the stated purpose. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 21 BP 8783 EP 8789 DI 10.1039/c6dt00798h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DO6VF UT WOS:000377920900017 PM 27147423 ER PT J AU Goodall, TR Bovik, AC Paulter, NG AF Goodall, Todd Richard Bovik, Alan Conrad Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. TI Tasking on Natural Statistics of Infrared Images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE NSS; LWIR; "Halo effect"; hotspot; NU; TTP ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; FIXED-PATTERN-NOISE; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; MODEL; DOMAIN AB Natural scene statistics (NSSs) provide powerful, perceptually relevant tools that have been successfully used for image quality analysis of visible light images. Since NSS capture statistical regularities that arise from the physical world, they are relevant to long wave infrared (LWIR) images, which differ from visible light images mainly by the wavelengths captured at the imaging sensors. We show that NSS models of bandpass LWIR images are similar to those of visible light images, but with different parameterizations. Using this difference, we exploit the power of NSS to successfully distinguish between LWIR images and visible light images. In addition, we study distortions unique to LWIR and find directional models useful for detecting the halo effect, simple bandpass models useful for detecting hotspots, and combinations of these models useful for measuring the degree of non-uniformity present in many LWIR images. For local distortion identification and measurement, we also describe a method for generating distortion maps using NSS features. To facilitate our evaluation, we analyze the NSS of LWIR images under pristine and distorted conditions, using four databases, each captured with a different IR camera. Predicting human performance for assessing distortion and quality in LWIR images is critical for task efficacy. We find that NSS features improve human targeting task performance prediction. Furthermore, we conducted a human study on the perceptual quality of noise- and blur-distorted LWIR images and create a new blind image quality predictor for IR images. C1 [Goodall, Todd Richard; Bovik, Alan Conrad] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goodall, TR (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tgoodall@utexas.edu; bovik@ece.utexas.edu; paulter@nist.gov RI Bovik, Alan/B-6717-2012 OI Bovik, Alan/0000-0001-6067-710X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB12H283] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB12H283. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Damon M. Chandler. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1109/TIP.2015.2496289 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DP2PD UT WOS:000378330300005 PM 26540687 ER PT S AU Attota, R Kramar, J AF Attota, Ravikiran Kramar, John BE Sanchez, MI Ukraintsev, VA TI Optimizing noise for defect analysis with through-focus scanning optical microscopy SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 22-25, 2016 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE TSOM; noise optimization; defect analysis ID PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION; RECONSTRUCTION; INSPECTION AB Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) shows promise for patterned defect analysis, but it is important to minimize total system noise. TSOM is a three-dimensional shape metrology method that can achieve sub-nanometer measurement sensitivity by analyzing sets of images acquired through-focus using a conventional optical microscope. Here we present a systematic noise-analysis study for optimizing data collection and data processing parameters for TSOM and then demonstrate how the optimized parameters affect defect analysis. We show that the best balance between signal-to-noise performance and acquisition time can be achieved by judicious spatial averaging. Correct background-signal subtraction of the imaging-system inhomogeneities is also critical, as well as careful alignment of the constituent images used in differential TSOM analysis. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Kramar, John] NIST, PML, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, PML, Div Engn Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9778 AR 977811 DI 10.1117/12.2220679 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE9KP UT WOS:000377709600033 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Henn, MA Sohn, MY Zhou, H Silver, RM AF Barnes, B. M. Henn, M. -A. Sohn, M. Y. Zhou, H. Silver, R. M. BE Sanchez, MI Ukraintsev, VA TI Enabling Quantitative Optical Imaging for In-die-capable Critical Dimension Targets SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 22-25, 2016 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE optical metrology; electromagnetic simulation; normalized sensitivities; parametric uncertainties; phase sensitive measurements; through-focus three-dimensional field ID SCATTERFIELD MICROSCOPY; METROLOGY AB Dimensional scaling trends will eventually bring semiconductor critical dimensions (CDs) down to only a few atoms in width. New optical techniques are required to address the measurement and variability for these CDs using sufficiently small in-die metrology targets. Recently, Qin et al. [Light Sci Appl, 5, e16038 (2016)] demonstrated quantitative modelbased measurements of finite sets of lines with features as small as 16 nm using 450 nm wavelength light. This paper uses simulation studies, augmented with experiments at 193 nm wavelength, to adapt and optimize the finite sets of features that work as in-die-capable metrology targets with minimal increases in parametric uncertainty. A finite element based solver for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations yields two-and three-dimensional simulations of the electromagnetic scattering for optimizing the design of such targets as functions of reduced line lengths, fewer number of lines, fewer focal positions, smaller critical dimensions, and shorter illumination wavelength. Metrology targets that exceeded performance requirements are as short as 3 mu m for 193 nm light, feature as few as eight lines, and are extensible to sub-10 nm CDs. Target areas measured at 193 nm can be fifteen times smaller in area than current state-of-the-art scatterometry targets described in the literature. This new methodology is demonstrated to be a promising alternative for optical model-based in-die CD metrology. C1 [Barnes, B. M.; Henn, M. -A.; Sohn, M. Y.; Zhou, H.; Silver, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bmbarnes@nist.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9778 AR 97780Y DI 10.1117/12.2221920 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE9KP UT WOS:000377709600030 ER PT S AU Hernandez-Charpak, J Frazer, T Knobloch, J Hoogeboom-Pot, K Nardi, D Chao, WL Jiang, L Tripp, M King, S Kapteyn, H Murnane, M AF Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge Frazer, Travis Knobloch, Joshua Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen Nardi, Damiano Chao, Weilun Jiang, Lei Tripp, Marie King, Sean Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret BE Sanchez, MI Ukraintsev, VA TI Reliable characterization of materials and nanostructured systems << 50nm using coherent EUV beams SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 22-25, 2016 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE Ultrafast X-Rays; nanometrology; nano-mechanical properties; ultrathin films; nondiffusive thermal transport; mean free path spectroscopy; photoacoustic; photothermal ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; X-RAYS; GENERATION; TRANSPORT; LIGHT; SCATTERING; REGIME; LASERS AB Coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from tabletop high harmonic generation offer revolutionary capabilities for observing nanoscale systems on their intrinsic length and time scales. By launching and monitoring acoustic waves in such systems, we fully characterize the mechanical properties of sub-50nm films. We find that the Poisson's ratio of low-k dielectric materials does not stay constant as often assumed, but increases when bond coordination is below a critical value. Within the same measurement, by following the heat dissipation dynamics from nano-gratings of width 20-1000nm and different periodicities, we confirm the effects of a newly identified collectively-diffusive regime, where closely-spaced nanowires cool faster than widely-spaced ones. C1 [Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge; Frazer, Travis; Knobloch, Joshua; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge; Frazer, Travis; Knobloch, Joshua; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge; Frazer, Travis; Knobloch, Joshua; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jiang, Lei; Tripp, Marie; King, Sean] Intel Corp, 2501 NW 229th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Chao, Weilun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hernandez-Charpak, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hernandez-Charpak, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Hernandez-Charpak, J (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9778 AR 97780I DI 10.1117/12.2219434 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE9KP UT WOS:000377709600016 ER PT S AU Villarrubia, JS Tondare, VN Vladar, AE AF Villarrubia, J. S. Tondare, V. N. Vladar, A. E. BE Sanchez, MI Ukraintsev, VA TI Virtual rough samples to test 3D nanometer-scale scanning electron microscopy stereo photogrammetry SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 22-25, 2016 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE critical dimension (CD); dimensional metrology; model-based metrology; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); simulation; stereo photogrammetry; surface roughness; virtual sample ID SURFACES; SPECTRUM; LIBRARY; WIDTH; MODEL AB The combination of scanning electron microscopy for high spatial resolution, images from multiple angles to provide 3D information, and commercially available stereo photogrammetry software for 3D reconstruction offers promise for nanometer-scale dimensional metrology in 3D. A method is described to test 3D photogrammetry software by the use of virtual samples-mathematical samples from which simulated images are made for use as inputs to the software under test. The virtual sample is constructed by wrapping a rough skin with any desired power spectral density around a smooth near-trapezoidal line with rounded top corners. Reconstruction is performed with images simulated from different angular viewpoints. The software's reconstructed 3D model is then compared to the known geometry of the virtual sample. Three commercial photogrammetry software packages were tested. Two of them produced results for line height and width that were within close to 1 nm of the correct values. All of the packages exhibited some difficulty in reconstructing details of the surface roughness. C1 [Villarrubia, J. S.; Tondare, V. N.; Vladar, A. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9778 AR 977809 DI 10.1117/12.2219777 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE9KP UT WOS:000377709600007 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Moreland, EE Regehr, EV Richmond, EL Cameron, MF Boveng, PL AF Conn, Paul B. Moreland, Erin E. Regehr, Eric V. Richmond, Erin L. Cameron, Michael F. Boveng, Peter L. TI Using simulation to evaluate wildlife survey designs: polar bears and seals in the Chukchi Sea SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; animal abundance; ice-associated seal; polar bear; species distribution model; survey design ID DISTANCE SAMPLING DATA; ICE-ASSOCIATED SEALS; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; TRANSECT SURVEYS; POPULATION-SIZE; SPATIAL MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; AERIAL SURVEYS; ABUNDANCE; 21ST-CENTURY AB Logistically demanding and expensive wildlife surveys should ideally yield defensible estimates. Here, we show how simulation can be used to evaluate alternative survey designs for estimating wildlife abundance. Specifically, we evaluate the potential of instrument-based aerial surveys (combining infrared imagery with high-resolution digital photography to detect and identify species) for estimating abundance of polar bears and seals in the Chukchi Sea. We investigate the consequences of different levels of survey effort, flight track allocation and model configuration on bias and precision of abundance estimators. For bearded seals (0.07 animals km(-2)) and ringed seals (1.29 animals km(-2)), we find that eight flights traversing approximate to 7840 km are sufficient to achieve target precision levels (coefficient of variation (CV) <20%) for a 2.94 x 10(5) km(-2) study area. For polar bears (provisionally, 0.003 animals km(-2)), 12 flights traversing approximate to 11 760 km resulted in CVs ranging from 28 to 35%. Estimators were relatively unbiased with similar precision over different flight track allocation strategies and estimation models, although some combinations had superior performance. These findings suggest that instrument-based aerial surveys may provide a viable means for monitoring seal and polar bear populations on the surface of the sea ice over large Arctic regions. More broadly, our simulation-based approach to evaluating survey designs can serve as a template for biologists designing their own surveys. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Moreland, Erin E.; Richmond, Erin L.; Cameron, Michael F.; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Regehr, Eric V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, 1011 East Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) FX Support for the authors came from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 2054-5703 J9 ROY SOC OPEN SCI JI R. Soc. Open Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 AR 150561 DI 10.1098/rsos.150561 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO7NF UT WOS:000377968600024 PM 26909183 ER PT J AU Kotula, AP Walker, ARH Migler, KB AF Kotula, Anthony P. Walker, Angela R. Hight Migler, Kalman B. TI Raman analysis of bond conformations in the rotator state and premelting of normal alkanes SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; N-ALKANES; NONPLANAR CONFORMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NORMAL-PARAFFINS; MELTING-POINTS; POLYETHYLENE; CRYSTALLINE; DISORDER; SPECTRA AB We perform Raman spectroscopic measurements on normal alkanes (CnH2n+2) to quantify the n dependence of the conformational disorder that occurs below the melt temperature. We employ a three-state spectral analysis method originally developed for semi-crystalline polyethylene that posits crystalline, amorphous, and non-crystalline consecutive trans (NCCT) conformations to extract their respective mass fractions. For the alkanes studied that melt via a rotator phase (21 <= n <= 37), we find that conformational disorder can be quantified by the loss of NCCT mass fraction, which systematically decreases with increasing chain length. For those that melt directly via the crystal phase (n >= 40), we observe NCCT conformational mass fractions that are independent of chain length but whose disordered mass fraction increases with length. These complement prior IR measurements which measure disorder via gauche conformations, but have not been able to measure the mass fraction of this disorder as a function of n. An interesting feature of the three-state analysis when applied to alkanes is that the measured fraction of disordered chain conformations in the rotator phase of (10 to 30)% greatly exceeds the mass fraction of gauche bonds (1 to 7)% as measured from IR; we reconcile this difference through DFT calculations. C1 [Kotula, Anthony P.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Migler, KB (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalman.migler@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 22 BP 5002 EP 5010 DI 10.1039/c6sm00182c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DO6SV UT WOS:000377914600014 PM 27174157 ER PT S AU Grychtol, P Kfir, O Knut, R Turgut, E Zusin, D Popmintchev, D Popmintchev, T Nembach, H Shaw, J Fleischer, A Kapteyn, H Murnane, M Cohen, O AF Grychtol, P. Kfir, O. Knut, R. Turgut, E. Zusin, D. Popmintchev, D. Popmintchev, T. Nembach, H. Shaw, J. Fleischer, A. Kapteyn, H. Murnane, M. Cohen, O. BE Rocca, J Menoni, C Marconi, M TI Generation of Bright Circularly-Polarized High Harmonics for Magneto-Optical Investigations SO X-RAY LASERS 2014 SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO HO Colorado State Univ ID ENHANCEMENT AB We demonstrate the first generation of circularly-polarized high harmonics, which are bright enough for measurements of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the M absorption edges of Fe, Co and Ni in the extreme ultraviolet range. C1 [Grychtol, P.; Knut, R.; Turgut, E.; Zusin, D.; Popmintchev, D.; Popmintchev, T.; Nembach, H.; Kapteyn, H.; Murnane, M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kfir, O.; Fleischer, A.; Cohen, O.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Kfir, O.; Fleischer, A.; Cohen, O.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Knut, R.; Nembach, H.; Shaw, J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fleischer, A.] Ort Braude Coll, Dept Phys & Opt Engn, IL-21982 Karmiel, Israel. RP Grychtol, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM p.grychtol@jila.colorado.edu RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-19521-6; 978-3-319-19520-9 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2016 VL 169 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-19521-6_24 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE9PQ UT WOS:000378036600024 ER PT S AU Bienfang, JC Restelli, A AF Bienfang, Joshua C. Restelli, Alessandro BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Characterization of an advanced harmonic subtraction single-photon detection system based on an InGaAs/InP avalanche diode SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Single-photon detector; single-photon avalanche diode; quantum communications ID PHOTODIODE AB We discuss the performance of a 1.25 GHz gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with bias gates of 150 ps FWHM and AC amplitude up to 25 V, a high-efficiency, high-speed SPAD system. This system uses an interferometric readout technique known as harmonic subtraction, and recent development efforts have enabled the use of up to the 4th harmonic of the gate to discriminate avalanche signals from the gate transient. With an improved design of the RF control system we have been able to demonstrate an ultra-low minimum detectable charge. We discuss the performance of this system, particularly its afterpulsing performance when counting at rates > 10(8) s(-1). Systems of this type require unique characterization techniques, and we will discuss the methods we have developed for this purpose. C1 [Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bienfang, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0099-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9858 AR 98580Q DI 10.1117/12.2228331 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KO UT WOS:000377708700010 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Allman, MS Stevens, M Gerrits, T Horansky, RD Lita, AE Marsili, F Beyer, A Shaw, MD Stern, JA Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Allman, M. S. Stevens, M. Gerrits, T. Horansky, R. D. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Beyer, A. Shaw, M. D. Stern, J. A. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Recent advances in superconducting nanowire single photon detectors for single-photon imaging SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques X CY APR 20-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE nanowire; SNSPD; array ID READOUT CIRCUIT; ARRAY; EFFICIENCY AB We demonstrate a 64-pixel free-space-coupled array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors optimized for high detection efficiency in the near-infrared range. An integrated, readily scalable, multiplexed readout scheme is employed to reduce the number of readout lines to 16. The cryogenic, optical, and electronic packaging to read out the array, as well as characterization measurements are discussed. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Allman, M. S.; Stevens, M.; Gerrits, T.; Horansky, R. D.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Beyer, A.; Shaw, M. D.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0099-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9858 AR 98580M DI 10.1117/12.2225241 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9KO UT WOS:000377708700009 ER PT J AU Irby, ID Friedrichs, MAM Friedrichs, CT Bever, AJ Hood, RR Lanerolle, LWJ Li, M Linker, L Scully, ME Sellner, K Shen, J Testa, J Wang, H Wang, P Xia, M AF Irby, Isaac D. Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Bever, Aaron J. Hood, Raleigh R. Lanerolle, Lyon W. J. Li, Ming Linker, Lewis Scully, Malcolm E. Sellner, Kevin Shen, Jian Testa, Jeremy Wang, Hao Wang, Ping Xia, Meng TI Challenges associated with modeling low-oxygen waters in Chesapeake Bay: a multiple model comparison SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; EUTROPHICATION MODEL; BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL; PHYSICAL CONTROLS; DATA ASSIMILATION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SKILL ASSESSMENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; FOOD-WEB AB As three-dimensional (3-D) aquatic ecosystem models are used more frequently for operational water quality forecasts and ecological management decisions, it is important to understand the relative strengths and limitations of existing 3-D models of varying spatial resolution and biogeochemical complexity. To this end, 2-year simulations of the Chesapeake Bay from eight hydrodynamic-oxygen models have been statistically compared to each other and to historical monitoring data. Results show that although models have difficulty resolving the variables typically thought to be the main drivers of dissolved oxygen variability (stratification, nutrients, and chlorophyll), all eight models have significant skill in reproducing the mean and seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen. In addition, models with constant net respiration rates independent of nutrient supply and temperature reproduced observed dissolved oxygen concentrations about as well as much more complex, nutrient-dependent biogeochemical models. This finding has significant ramifications for short-term hypoxia forecasts in the Chesapeake Bay, which may be possible with very simple oxygen parameterizations, in contrast to the more complex full biogeochemical models required for scenario-based forecasting. However, models have difficulty simulating correct density and oxygen mixed layer depths, which are important ecologically in terms of habitat compression. Observations indicate a much stronger correlation between the depths of the top of the pycnocline and oxycline than between their maximum vertical gradients, highlighting the importance of the mixing depth in defining the region of aerobic habitat in the Chesapeake Bay when low-oxygen bottom waters are present. Improvement in hypoxia simulations will thus depend more on the ability of models to reproduce the correct mean and variability of the depth of the physically driven surface mixed layer than the precise magnitude of the vertical density gradient. C1 [Irby, Isaac D.; Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Friedrichs, Carl T.; Shen, Jian] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Bever, Aaron J.] Anchor QEA LLC, 130 Battery St,Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. [Hood, Raleigh R.; Wang, Hao] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, POB 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.] NOAA, NOS, OCS, Coast Survey Dev Lab, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.] ERT Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane Suite 300, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Li, Ming; Testa, Jeremy] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Linker, Lewis] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Scully, Malcolm E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Sellner, Kevin] Chesapeake Res Consortium, 645 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Wang, Ping] VIMS Chesapeake Bay Program Off, 410 Severn Ave, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Xia, Meng] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, College Pk, MD USA. RP Irby, ID; Friedrichs, MAM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM iirby@vims.edu; marjy@vims.edu RI Li, Ming/B-3485-2015; OI Li, Ming/0000-0003-1492-4127; Bever, Aaron/0000-0002-2196-0831; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X FU NOAA IOOS program FX This work was supported by the NOAA IOOS program as part of the Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed. We thank Yun Li and Younjoo Lee for help with the ROMS-RCA simulations used in this analysis and Ray Najjar for his insights and comments. This is VIMS contribution 3520 and UMCES contribution 5130. NR 80 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2011 EP 2028 DI 10.5194/bg-13-2011-2016 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DN7RW UT WOS:000377276000003 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE Lee, T AF Bigford, Thomas E. Lee, TyAnn TI Introduction: Conserving Coastal and Estuarine Habitats SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bigford, Thomas E.] Amer Fisheries Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bigford, Thomas E.] Coastal Soc, Brunswick, ME USA. [Lee, TyAnn] ERT Inc, NOAA Fisheries, Brunswick, ME USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), Amer Fisheries Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.; Bigford, TE (reprint author), Coastal Soc, Brunswick, ME USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 3 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1160200 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN7YN UT WOS:000377296200001 ER PT J AU Chabot, H Farrow, D York, D Harris, J Cosentino-Manning, N Watson, L Hum, K Wiggins, C AF Chabot, Helen Farrow, Dan York, Dawn Harris, Janine Cosentino-Manning, Natalie Watson, Lani Hum, Kim Wiggins, Chad TI Thinking Big: Lessons Learned from a Landscape-Scale Approach to Coastal Habitat Conservation SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat; Habitat Focus Area; landscape-scale conservation; NOAA Habitat Blueprint ID CAPE FEAR RIVER; HAWAII; CONSTRUCTION; COMMUNITIES; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; STREAMS AB While historically many coastal habitat conservation activities have focused on single projects and "low-hanging fruit," there is increasing interest in strategically addressing habitat challenges at landscape scales. Zooming out to identify large-scale conservation needs and areas of greatest impact can yield significant ecological and economic benefits, but requires a new way of thinking and working that can be challenging. Based on a session convened at the Restore America's Estuaries/The Coastal Society Summit in November 2014, this article explores the concept of landscape-scale conservation, describes how it aligns with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Habitat Blueprint initiative, and provides case studies of ongoing landscape-scale efforts in three coastal areas: the Cape Fear River in North Carolina; the Russian River Watershed Habitat Focus Area in California; and the West Hawai'i Habitat Focus Area. These examples illustrate both the benefits and the challenges of taking a landscape-scale approach to habitat conservation. While a landscape-scale approach provides a strong framework for planning, in practice success also depends heavily on building strong partnerships, engaging stakeholders, and maintaining flexibility to adapt to changing conditions and take advantage of opportunities as they arise. C1 [Chabot, Helen; Farrow, Dan; Harris, Janine] NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [York, Dawn] Cape Fear River Partnership & Dial Cordy & Associ, Wilmington, NC USA. [Harris, Janine] Earth Resources Technol, Laurel, MD USA. [Cosentino-Manning, Natalie] NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Watson, Lani] NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, Honolulu, HI USA. [Hum, Kim; Wiggins, Chad] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Chabot, H (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM helen.chabot@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 3 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1160202 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN7YN UT WOS:000377296200003 ER PT J AU Lederhouse, T Link, JS AF Lederhouse, Terra Link, Jason S. TI A Proposal for Fishery Habitat Conservation Decision-Support Indicators SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based fishery management; habitat conservation; habitat indicators ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; WINTER FLOUNDER; CORAL-REEF; MODELS; GROWTH; RISK; IMPLEMENTATION; VULNERABILITY; METAANALYSIS AB U.S. fisheries management is increasingly moving toward an ecosystem-based approach that considers multiple factors in setting targets to achieve fishery objectives. This approach is informed by ecological, social, and economic indicators of functioning and productive fishery ecosystems. However, a relatively limited number of habitat indicators, especially indicators that are related to fishery goals, have been developed and included in this approach. Fishery and habitat managers have had some success in establishing habitat metrics to guide fishery management decisions at smaller scales (e.g., sub-estuaries or river systems) but have not successfully scaled-up those types of metrics or applied them at broader regional or shelf-wide extents, where specific constraints on fish habitat are unknown or harder to quantify. This article explores indicators to guide marine fishery habitat conservation actions, with particular emphasis at the fish population and community levels. We propose a suite of possible habitat conservation decision-support indicators suitable for these broader scales and develop a performance measure to evaluate the efficacy of coastal and marine habitat conservation actions. These indicators can help fishery managers evaluate the effectiveness of habitat conservation actions to benefit fish populations. C1 [Lederhouse, Terra] NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Assistant Administrator, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Lederhouse, T (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM terra.lederhouse@noaa.gov NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 3 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1163176 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN7YN UT WOS:000377296200005 ER PT J AU Sutton-Grier, AE Moore, A AF Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Moore, Amber TI Leveraging Carbon Services of Coastal Ecosystems for Habitat Protection and Restoration SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE blue carbon; carbon market; climate mitigation; IPCC; salt marsh, mangroves, and seagrasses; UNFCCC ID HUMAN HEALTH; ENHANCE AB Coastal "blue carbon," (carbon sequestered in salt marsh, mangroves, and seagrasses) is a newly recognized benefit. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with partners, has been exploring and developing new policy opportunities for coastal conservation using the climate benefits of these ecosystems. We detail NOAA's efforts (federal and international, market and non-market) to leverage blue carbon for coastal conservation including: (1) how blue carbon is or could be incorporated into U.S. federal policies (both existing and new policy activities); (2) market-based policy solutions including the development of a Verified Carbon Standard methodology for carbon credits for wetland restoration and two landscape assessments of the climate mitigation benefits of watershed-scale restoration; and (3) international efforts to build a North American community of practice for blue carbon science and policy with the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Canada, and Mexico, and an assessment of where blue carbon can be incorporated into international policy frameworks (including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Wetlands Supplement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)). Protecting coastal carbon leads to co-benefits including resilience to storms and erosion, and fishery benefits, thus blue carbon is a "triple win" for climate mitigation, adaptation, and conservation. C1 [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Amber] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm & Earth Resources Tech, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sutton-Grier, AE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.; Sutton-Grier, AE (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ariana.sutton-grier@noaa.gov OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 FU NOAA (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003] FX Dr. Sutton-Grier was supported by NOAA grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. The results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or the U.S. Department of Commerce. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by NOAA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 22 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 3 BP 259 EP 277 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1160206 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DN7YN UT WOS:000377296200008 ER PT S AU Miller, S Pfeif, E Kazakov, A Baumann, E Dowell, M AF Miller, Stephanie Pfeif, Erik Kazakov, Andrei Baumann, Ester Dowell, Marla BE Dorsch, F Kaierle, S TI Fiber laser welding of dual-phase galvanized sheet steel (DP590): traditional analysis and new quality assessment techniques SO HIGH-POWER LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING: LASERS, BEAM DELIVERY, DIAGNOSTICS, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Materials Processing - Lasers, Beam Delivery, Diagnostics, and Applications V CY FEB 16-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE fiber laser; welding; steel; dual-phase; profilometry; light detection and ranging (LADAR); automotive ID HSLA STEELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; JOINTS; DP980; PRECISION; TENSILE; BLANKS; INPUT AB Laser welding has many advantages over traditional joining methods, yet remains underutilized NIST has undertaken an ambitious initiative to improve predictions of weldability, reliability, and performance of laser welds. This study investigates butt welding of galvanized and ungalvanized dual-phase automotive sheet steels (DP 590) using a 10 kW commercial fiber laser system. Parameter development work, hardness profiles, microstructural characterization, and optical profilometry results are presented. Sound welding was accomplished in a laser power range of 2.0 kW to 4.5 kW and travel speed of 2000 mm/min to 5000 mm/min. Vickers hardness ranged from approximately 2 GPa to 4 GPa across the welds, with limited evidence of heat affected zone softening. Decreased hardness across the heat affected zone directly correlated to the appearance of ferrite. A technique was developed to non-destructively evaluate weld quality based on geometrical criteria. Weld face profilometry data were compared between light optical, metallographic sample, and frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser detection and ranging (FMCW LADAR) methods. C1 [Miller, Stephanie; Pfeif, Erik; Kazakov, Andrei; Baumann, Ester; Dowell, Marla] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, S (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Stephanie.miller@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-976-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9741 AR 97410I DI 10.1117/12.2211186 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9JL UT WOS:000377662000016 ER PT S AU Williams, P Simonds, B Sowards, J Hadler, J AF Williams, Paul Simonds, Brian Sowards, Jeffrey Hadler, Joshua BE Dorsch, F Kaierle, S TI Measuring laser power as a force: A new paradigm to accurately monitor optical power during laser-based machining operations SO HIGH-POWER LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING: LASERS, BEAM DELIVERY, DIAGNOSTICS, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Materials Processing - Lasers, Beam Delivery, Diagnostics, and Applications V CY FEB 16-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Radiation pressure; high power laser; metrology; radiometry; laser welding ID PRESSURE; RADIATION AB In laser manufacturing operations, accurate measurement of laser power is important for product quality, operational repeatability, and process validation. Accurate real-time measurement of high-power lasers, however, is difficult. Typical thermal power meters must absorb all the laser power in order to measure it. This constrains power meters to be large, slow and exclusive (that is, the laser cannot be used for its intended purpose during the measurement). To address these limitations, we have developed a different paradigm in laser power measurement where the power is not measured according to its thermal equivalent but rather by measuring the laser beam's momentum (radiation pressure). Very simply, light reflecting from a mirror imparts a small force perpendicular to the mirror which is proportional to the optical power. By mounting a high-reflectivity mirror on a high-sensitivity force transducer (scale), we are able to measure laser power in the range of tens of watts up to 100 kW. The critical parameters for such a device are mirror reflectivity, angle of incidence, and scale sensitivity and accuracy. We will describe our experimental characterization of a radiation-pressure-based optical power meter. We have tested it for modulated and CW laser powers up to 92 kW in the laboratory and up to 20 kW in an experimental laser welding booth. We will describe present accuracy, temporal response, sources of measurement uncertainty, and hurdles which must be overcome to have an accurate power meter capable of routine operation as a turning mirror within a laser delivery head. C1 [Williams, Paul; Simonds, Brian; Sowards, Jeffrey; Hadler, Joshua] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, P (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.williams@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-976-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9741 AR 97410L DI 10.1117/12.2213300 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE9JL UT WOS:000377662000019 ER PT J AU Josell, D Moffat, TP AF Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. TI Superconformal Bottom-Up Nickel Deposition in High Aspect Ratio Through Silicon Vias SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRO-HEALING CRACKS; 2-MERCAPTO-5-BENZIMIDAZOLESULFONIC ACID; SULFITE ELECTROLYTE; DAMASCENE TRENCHES; ELECTRODEPOSITION; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; SUPPRESSOR; MECHANISM; GROWTH; GOLD AB This work demonstrates controlled bottom-up nickel filling of Through Silicon Vias based on the coupling of suppression breakdown and surface topography. Deposition was performed in a NiSO4 + NiCl2 + H3BO3 electrolyte with a branched polyethyleneimine suppressor. The impact of deposition potential and additive concentration on the filling of patterned features was examined. Voltammetric measurements, including the impact of rotation rate and suppressor concentration on the rate of metal deposition, were used to quantify the interplay between metal deposition and suppressor adsorption. The derived kinetics were used to quantitatively predict the observed superconformal filling. Based on this understanding, a strategy of progressively increasing the applied overpotential enables void-free feature filling to be accomplished. This work extends the understanding and application of additive derived s-shaped negative differential resistance (S-NDR) in bottom-up superconformal deposition, including previous demonstrations of superconformal copper, nickel, zinc and gold deposition. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Josell, D.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 7 BP D322 EP D331 DI 10.1149/2.1151607jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DN9PW UT WOS:000377412900084 ER PT B AU Shakarji, CM Srinivasan, V AF Shakarji, Craig M. Srinivasan, Vijay GP ASME TI A CONSTRAINED L-2 BASED ALGORITHM FOR STANDARDIZED PLANAR DATUM ESTABLISHMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL. 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2015) CY NOV 13-19, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP ASME AB For years (decades, in fact) a definition for datum planes has been sought by ASME and ISO standards writers that combines the contacting nature of traditional surface plate mating with a means of balancing rocking conditions when there is a centrally positioned extreme point or edge on the datum feature. This paper describes a completely self balancing method for datum plane establishment that matches traditional surface plate mating while automatically stabilizing rocker conditions. The method is based on a constrained L-2 (L2) minimization, which, when seen mathematically, elegantly combines the desirable contact properties of the constrained L-1 (L1) minimization with the stable properties of the unconstrained least-squares and does so in a manner that avoids the drawbacks of either of those two definitions. The definition is shown along with proofs of a mathematical development of an algorithm that relies on a strategically chosen singular value decomposition that allows for an elegant, robust solution. Concise code is included for the reader for actual use as well as to full clarify all the algorithmic details. Testing has shown the definition defined here does indeed provide attractive balancing of full contact with rocker stability, leading to guarded optimism on the part of the key standards committees as an attractive default definition. Since both the ISO and ASME standardization efforts are actively working to establish default datum plane definitions, the timing of such a rigorously documented study is opportune. C1 [Shakarji, Craig M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shakarji, CM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craiq.shakarji@nist.gov; viiay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5754-0 PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE9FY UT WOS:000377419900023 ER PT S AU Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. BE Johnson, MA Martinez, TJ TI Biophysical Insights from Temperature-Dependent Single-Molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 67 SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE nucleic acid folding; single molecule kinetics; thermodynamics; transition state theory ID DYES INTRAMOLECULAR STABILIZATION; MODE WAVE-GUIDES; NUCLEIC-ACID; ORGANIC FLUOROPHORES; TRANSITION-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC ORIGINS; SPECTROSCOPIC RULER; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; UNFOLDED PROTEINS; INDUCED COLLAPSE AB Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy techniques can be used in combination with micrometer length-scale temperature control and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in order to gain detailed information about fundamental biophysical phenomena. In particular, this combination of techniques has helped foster the development of remarkable quantitative tools for studying both time-and temperature-dependent structural kinetics of biopolymers. Over the past decade, multiple research efforts have successfully incorporated precise spatial and temporal control of temperature into single-molecule FRET (smFRET)-based experiments, which have uncovered critical thermodynamic information on a wide range of biological systems such as conformational dynamics of nucleic acids. This review provides an overview of various temperature-dependent smFRET approaches from our laboratory and others, highlighting efforts in which such methods have been successfully applied to studies of single-molecule nucleic acid folding. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 21 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1067-7 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2016 VL 67 BP 441 EP 465 DI 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112544 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BE8UL UT WOS:000377036600019 PM 27215819 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Wagner, NL Anderson, BE Attwood, AR Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Carlton, AG Day, DA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Ng, NL Perring, AE Richardson, MS Schwarz, JP Washenfelder, RA Welti, A Xu, L Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Brock, Charles A. Wagner, Nicholas L. Anderson, Bruce E. Attwood, Alexis R. Beyersdorf, Andreas Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Carlton, Annmarie G. Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn S. Gordon, Timothy D. Jimenez, Jose L. Lack, Daniel A. Liao, Jin Markovic, Milos Z. Middlebrook, Ann M. Ng, Nga L. Perring, Anne E. Richardson, Matthews S. Schwarz, Joshua P. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Welti, Andre Xu, Lu Ziemba, Luke D. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 1: Hygroscopic growth SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; IN-SITU; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MASS-SPECTROMETER AB Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made during May-September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US) under fair-weather, afternoon conditions with well-defined planetary boundary layer structure. Optical extinction at 532aEuro-nm was directly measured at relative humidities (RHs) of aEuro-15, aEuro-70, and aEuro-90aEuro-% and compared with extinction calculated from measurements of aerosol composition and size distribution using the kappa-Kohler approximation for hygroscopic growth. The calculated enhancement in hydrated aerosol extinction with relative humidity, f(RH), calculated by this method agreed well with the observed f(RH) at aEuro-90aEuro-% RH. The dominance of organic aerosol, which comprised 65aEuro-+/- aEuro-10aEuro-% of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < aEuro-1aEuro-A mu m in the planetary boundary layer, resulted in relatively low f(RH) values of 1.43aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.67 at 70aEuro-% RH and 2.28aEuro-+/- aEuro-1.05 at 90aEuro-% RH. The subsaturated kappa-Kohler hygroscopicity parameter kappa for the organic fraction of the aerosol must have been < aEuro-0.10 to be consistent with 75aEuro-% of the observations within uncertainties, with a best estimate of kappa aEuro- = aEuro-0.05. This subsaturated kappa value for the organic aerosol in the southeastern US is broadly consistent with field studies in rural environments. A new, physically based, single-parameter representation was developed that better described f(RH) than did the widely used gamma power-law approximation. C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Attwood, Alexis R.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Welti, Andre; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wagner, Nicholas L.; Attwood, Alexis R.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Diskin, Glenn S.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Carlton, Annmarie G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Ng, Nga L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, Nga L.; Xu, Lu] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Attwood, Alexis R.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Gordon, Timothy D.] Handix Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs; NASA [NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1242155, AGS-1242258]; EPA [R834799] FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs. Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, and Jose L. Jimenez were supported by NASA award NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A and NSF award AGS-1243354. Annmarie G. Carlton was supported by NSF award AGS-1242155. Lu Xu and Nga L. Ng were supported by EPA award R834799 and NSF award AGS-1242258. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 4987 EP 5007 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4987-2016 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000015 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Wagner, NL Anderson, BE Beyersdorf, A Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Diskin, GS Gordon, TD Jimenez, JL Lack, DA Liao, J Markovic, MZ Middlebrook, AM Perring, AE Richardson, MS Schwarz, JP Welti, A Ziemba, LD Murphy, DM AF Brock, Charles A. Wagner, Nicholas L. Anderson, Bruce E. Beyersdorf, Andreas Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn S. Gordon, Timothy D. Jimenez, Jose L. Lack, Daniel A. Liao, Jin Markovic, Milos Z. Middlebrook, Ann M. Perring, Anne E. Richardson, Matthews S. Schwarz, Joshua P. Welti, Andre Ziemba, Luke D. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 2: Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth to relative humidity and aerosol parameters SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL ASSESSMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; IN-SITU; SULFATE AEROSOL; AIR-QUALITY; CLIMATE; SIZE; CLOUD; AIRCRAFT AB Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made between May and September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US). Regionally representative aggregate vertical profiles of median and interdecile ranges of the measured parameters were constructed from 37 individual aircraft profiles made in the afternoon when a well-mixed boundary layer with typical fair-weather cumulus was present (Wagner et al., 2015). We use these 0-4aEuro-km aggregate profiles and a simple model to calculate the sensitivity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to changes in dry aerosol mass, relative humidity, mixed-layer height, the central diameter and width of the particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, and dry and wet refractive index, while holding the other parameters constant. The calculated sensitivity is a result of both the intrinsic sensitivity and the observed range of variation in these parameters. These observationally based sensitivity studies indicate that the relationship between AOD and dry aerosol mass in these conditions in the southeastern US can be highly variable and is especially sensitive to relative humidity (RH). For example, calculated AOD ranged from 0.137 to 0.305 as the RH was varied between the 10th and 90th percentile profiles with dry aerosol mass held constant. Calculated AOD was somewhat less sensitive to aerosol hygroscopicity, mean size, and geometric standard deviation, sigma(g). However, some chemistry-climate models prescribe values of sigma(g) substantially larger than we or others observe, leading to potential high biases in model-calculated AOD of aEuro-25aEuro-%. Finally, AOD was least sensitive to observed variations in dry and wet aerosol refractive index and to changes in the height of the well-mixed surface layer. We expect these findings to be applicable to other moderately polluted and background continental air masses in which an accumulation mode between 0.1-0.5aEuro-A mu m diameter dominates aerosol extinction. C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Welti, Andre; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wagner, Nicholas L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Gordon, Timothy D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Lack, Daniel A.; Liao, Jin; Markovic, Milos Z.; Perring, Anne E.; Richardson, Matthews S.; Welti, Andre] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Bruce E.; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Diskin, Glenn S.; Ziemba, Luke D.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gordon, Timothy D.] Handix Sci LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Liao, Jin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Markovic, Milos Z.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Welti, Andre] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Dept Phys, Leipzig, Germany. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs; NASA [NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1242155] FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Programs. Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, and Jose L. Jimenez were supported by NASA award NNX12AC03G/NNX15AH33A and NSF award AGS-1243354. Annmarie G. Carlton was supported by NSF award AGS-1242155. We thank Gary Gimmestad and Brad Gingrey for their effort in establishing and maintaining the Georgia Tech and SEARCH-Centreville AERONET sites, respectively. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5009 EP 5019 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5009-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000016 ER PT J AU Pandey, S Houweling, S Krol, M Aben, I Chevallier, F Dlugokencky, EJ Gatti, LV Gloor, E Miller, JB Detmers, R Machida, T Rockmann, T AF Pandey, Sudhanshu Houweling, Sander Krol, Maarten Aben, Ilse Chevallier, Frederic Dlugokencky, Edward J. Gatti, Luciana V. Gloor, Emanuel Miller, John B. Detmers, Rob Machida, Toshinobu Rockmann, Thomas TI Inverse modeling of GOSAT-retrieved ratios of total column CH4 and CO2 for 2009 and 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; SPACE-BORNE OBSERVATIONS; METHANE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SURFACE FLUXES; SINKS; XCO2; PERFORMANCE; SCIAMACHY AB This study investigates the constraint provided by greenhouse gas measurements from space on surface fluxes. Imperfect knowledge of the light path through the atmosphere, arising from scattering by clouds and aerosols, can create biases in column measurements retrieved from space. To minimize the impact of such biases, ratios of total column retrieved CH4 and CO2 (X-ratio) have been used. We apply the ratio inversion method described in Pandey et al. (2015) to retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). The ratio inversion method uses the measured X-ratio as a weak constraint on CO2 fluxes. In contrast, the more common approach of inverting proxy CH4 retrievals (Frankenberg et al., 2005) prescribes atmospheric CO2 fields and optimizes only CH4 fluxes. The TM5-4DVAR (Tracer Transport Model version 5-variational data assimilation system) inverse modeling system is used to simultaneously optimize the fluxes of CH4 and CO2 for 2009 and 2010. The results are compared to proxy inversions using model-derived CO2 mixing ratios (XCO2model) from CarbonTracker and the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) Reanalysis CO2 product. The performance of the inverse models is evaluated using measurements from three aircraft measurement projects. X-ratio and XCO2model are compared with TCCON retrievals to quantify the relative importance of errors in these components of the proxy XCH4 retrieval (XCH4proxy). We find that the retrieval errors in X-ratio (meanaEuro- = aEuro-0.61aEuro-%) are generally larger than the errors in XCO2model (meanaEuro- = aEuro-0.24 and 0.01aEuro-% for CarbonTracker and MACC, respectively). On the annual timescale, the CH4 fluxes from the different satellite inversions are generally in agreement with each other, suggesting that errors in XCO2model do not limit the overall accuracy of the CH4 flux estimates. On the seasonal timescale, however, larger differences are found due to uncertainties in XCO2model, particularly over Australia and in the tropics. The ratio method stays closer to the a priori CH4 flux in these regions, because it is capable of simultaneously adjusting the CO2 fluxes. Over tropical South America, comparison to independent measurements shows that CO2 fields derived from the ratio method are less realistic than those used in the proxy method. However, the CH4 fluxes are more realistic, because the impact of unaccounted systematic uncertainties is more evenly distributed between CO2 and CH4. The ratio inversion estimates an enhanced CO2 release from tropical South America during the dry season of 2010, which is in accordance with the findings of Gatti et al. (2014) and Van der Laan et al. (2015). The performance of the ratio method is encouraging, because despite the added nonlinearity due to the assimilation of X-ratio and the significant increase in the degree of freedom by optimizing CO2 fluxes, still consistent results are obtained with respect to other CH4 inversions.. C1 [Pandey, Sudhanshu; Houweling, Sander; Krol, Maarten; Rockmann, Thomas] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Pandey, Sudhanshu; Houweling, Sander; Krol, Maarten; Aben, Ilse; Detmers, Rob] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, Maarten] Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual MAQ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Chevallier, Frederic] IPSL, CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Miller, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gatti, Luciana V.] Ctr Quim Ambiental, IPEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gloor, Emanuel] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Machida, Toshinobu] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Pandey, S (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.; Pandey, S (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM s.pandey@uu.nl RI Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [ALW-GO-AO/11-24]; SURFSara; NERC; FAPESP FX This work is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), project number ALW-GO-AO/11-24. The computations were carried out on the Dutch national supercomputer Cartesius, and we thank SURFSara (www.surfsara.nl) for their support. Access to the GOSAT data was granted through the third GOSAT research announcement jointly issued by JAVA, NIES, and MOE. The funding for AMAZONICA project is provided by NERC and FAPESP. We thank S. C. Wofsy for providing HIPPO data. We thank Debra Wunch and other TCCON principal investigators for making their measurements available. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5043 EP 5062 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5043-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000018 ER PT J AU Holz, RE Platnick, S Meyer, K Vaughan, M Heidinger, A Yang, P Wind, G Dutcher, S Ackerman, S Amarasinghe, N Nagle, F Wang, CX AF Holz, Robert E. Platnick, Steven Meyer, Kerry Vaughan, Mark Heidinger, Andrew Yang, Ping Wind, Gala Dutcher, Steven Ackerman, Steven Amarasinghe, Nandana Nagle, Fredrick Wang, Chenxi TI Resolving ice cloud optical thickness biases between CALIOP and MODIS using infrared retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INHOMOGENEOUS HEXAGONAL MONOCRYSTALS; ADEOS-POLDER MEASUREMENTS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CALIPSO LIDAR; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PART II; POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; WATER-VAPOR AB Despite its importance as one of the key radiative properties that determines the impact of upper tropospheric clouds on the radiation balance, ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) has proven to be one of the more challenging properties to retrieve from space-based remote sensing measurements. In particular, optically thin upper tropospheric ice clouds (cirrus) have been especially challenging due to their tenuous nature, extensive spatial scales, and complex particle shapes and light-scattering characteristics. The lack of independent validation motivates the investigation presented in this paper, wherein systematic biases between MODIS Collection 5 (C5) and CALIOP Version 3 (V3) unconstrained retrievals of tenuous IOT (< 3) are examined using a month of collocated A-Train observations. An initial comparison revealed a factor of 2 bias between the MODIS and CALIOP IOT retrievals. This bias is investigated using an infrared (IR) radiative closure approach that compares both products with MODIS IR cirrus retrievals developed for this assessment. The analysis finds that both the MODIS C5 and the unconstrained CALIOP V3 retrievals are biased (high and low, respectively) relative to the IR IOT retrievals. Based on this finding, the MODIS and CALIOP algorithms are investigated with the goal of explaining and minimizing the biases relative to the IR. For MODIS we find that the assumed ice single-scattering properties used for the C5 retrievals are not consistent with the mean IR COT distribution. The C5 ice scattering database results in the asymmetry parameter (g) varying as a function of effective radius with mean values that are too large. The MODIS retrievals have been brought into agreement with the IR by adopting a new ice scattering model for Collection 6 (C6) consisting of a modified gamma distribution comprised of a single habit (severely roughened aggregated columns); the C6 ice cloud optical property models have a constant g a parts per thousand 0.75 in the mid-visible spectrum, 5-15aEuro-% smaller than C5. For CALIOP, the assumed lidar ratio for unconstrained retrievals is fixed at 25aEuro-sr for the V3 data products. This value is found to be inconsistent with the constrained (predominantly nighttime) CALIOP retrievals. An experimental data set was produced using a modified lidar ratio of 32aEuro-sr for the unconstrained retrievals (an increase of 28aEuro-%), selected to provide consistency with the constrained V3 results. These modifications greatly improve the agreement with the IR and provide consistency between the MODIS and CALIOP products. Based on these results the recently released MODIS C6 optical products use the single-habit distribution given above, while the upcoming CALIOP V4 unconstrained algorithm will use higher lidar ratios for unconstrained retrievals. C1 [Holz, Robert E.; Dutcher, Steven; Ackerman, Steven; Nagle, Fredrick] Univ Wisconsin, Madison Space Sci & Engn Cent, Madison, WI USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Meyer, Kerry] GESTAR USRA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Vaughan, Mark] NASA Langley, Langley, VA USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Wind, Gala; Amarasinghe, Nandana] SSAI, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wang, Chenxi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Holz, RE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison Space Sci & Engn Cent, Madison, WI USA. EM reholz@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Meyer, Kerry/E-8095-2016; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Meyer, Kerry/0000-0001-5361-9200; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 FU NASA [NNX15AG12G]; NASA Langley [SSAI Task A-014 E-001D] FX We would like to acknowledge the NASA University of Wisconsin Atmospheric PEATE/SIPS, which provided the processing and data accessed needed to conduct this research. We would also like to thank the CALIOP and MODIS algorithm teams for their support. This research was funded by NASA grant NNX15AG12G and NASA Langley Contract SSAI Task A-014 E-001D. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5075 EP 5090 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5075-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000020 ER PT J AU Karion, A Sweeney, C Miller, JB Andrews, AE Commane, R Dinardo, S Henderson, JM Lindaas, J Lin, JC Luus, KA Newberger, T Tans, P Wofsy, SC Wolter, S Miller, CE AF Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm Miller, John B. Andrews, Arlyn E. Commane, Roisin Dinardo, Steven Henderson, John M. Lindaas, Jacob Lin, John C. Luus, Kristina A. Newberger, Tim Tans, Pieter Wofsy, Steven C. Wolter, Sonja Miller, Charles E. TI Investigating Alaskan methane and carbon dioxide fluxes using measurements from the CARVE tower SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OBSERVATORY ZOTTO; PERMAFROST CARBON; MOLE FRACTIONS; CO2 EXCHANGE; STILT MODEL; HUMID AIR; EMISSIONS; SIBERIA AB Northern high-latitude carbon sources and sinks, including those resulting from degrading permafrost, are thought to be sensitive to the rapidly warming climate. Because the near-surface atmosphere integrates surface fluxes over large ( aEuro-500-1000aEuro-km) scales, atmospheric monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) mole fractions in the daytime mixed layer is a promising method for detecting change in the carbon cycle throughout boreal Alaska. Here we use CO2 and CH4 measurements from a NOAA tower 17aEuro-km north of Fairbanks, AK, established as part of NASA's Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), to investigate regional fluxes of CO2 and CH4 for 2012-2014. CARVE was designed to use aircraft and surface observations to better understand and quantify the sensitivity of Alaskan carbon fluxes to climate variability. We use high-resolution meteorological fields from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (hereafter, WRF-STILT), along with the Polar Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (PolarVPRM), to investigate fluxes of CO2 in boreal Alaska using the tower observations, which are sensitive to large areas of central Alaska. We show that simulated PolarVPRM-WRF-STILT CO2 mole fractions show remarkably good agreement with tower observations, suggesting that the WRF-STILT model represents the meteorology of the region quite well, and that the PolarVPRM flux magnitudes and spatial distribution are generally consistent with CO2 mole fractions observed at the CARVE tower. One exception to this good agreement is that during the fall of all 3 years, PolarVPRM cannot reproduce the observed CO2 respiration. Using the WRF-STILT model, we find that average CH4 fluxes in boreal Alaska are somewhat lower than flux estimates by Chang et al. (2014) over all of Alaska for May-September 2012; we also find that enhancements appear to persist during some wintertime periods, augmenting those observed during the summer and fall. The possibility of significant fall and winter CO2 and CH4 fluxes underscores the need for year-round in situ observations to quantify changes in boreal Alaskan annual carbon balance. C1 [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Newberger, Tim; Wolter, Sonja] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.; Andrews, Arlyn E.; Newberger, Tim; Tans, Pieter; Wolter, Sonja] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Commane, Roisin; Lindaas, Jacob; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dinardo, Steven; Miller, Charles E.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Henderson, John M.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA USA. [Lin, John C.] Univ Utah, Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Luus, Kristina A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Karion, Anna] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lindaas, Jacob] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Luus, Kristina A.] Dublin Inst Technol, Dublin, Ireland. RP Karion, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Karion, A (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Karion, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anna.karion@nist.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research described in this paper was performed for the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Computing resources for this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5383 EP 5398 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5383-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BK UT WOS:000376937000037 ER PT J AU Basu, S Miller, JB Lehman, S AF Basu, Sourish Miller, John Bharat Lehman, Scott TI Separation of biospheric and fossil fuel fluxes of CO2 by atmospheric inversion of CO2 and (CO2)-C-14 measurements: Observation System Simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE FLUX; CARBON-CYCLE; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; RETRIEVALS; COMBUSTION; SCALE; SCIAMACHY AB National annual total CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels are likely known to within 5-10aEuro-% for most developed countries. However, uncertainties are inevitably larger (by unknown amounts) for emission estimates at regional and monthly scales, or for developing countries. Given recent international efforts to establish emission reduction targets, independent determination and verification of regional and national scale fossil fuel CO2 emissions are likely to become increasingly important. Here, we take advantage of the fact that precise measurements of C-14 in CO2 provide a largely unbiased tracer for recently added fossil-fuel-derived CO2 in the atmosphere and present an atmospheric inversion technique to jointly assimilate observations of CO2 and (CO2)-C-14 in order to simultaneously estimate fossil fuel emissions and biospheric exchange fluxes of CO2. Using this method in a set of Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), we show that given the coverage of (CO2)-C-14 measurements available in 2010 (969 over North America, 1063 globally), we can recover the US national total fossil fuel emission to better than 1aEuro-% for the year and to within 5aEuro-% for most months. Increasing the number of (CO2)-C-14 observations to similar to 5000 per year over North America, as recently recommended by the National Academy of Science (NAS) (Pacala et al., 2010), we recover monthly emissions to within 5aEuro-% for all months for the US as a whole and also for smaller, highly emissive regions over which the specified data coverage is relatively dense, such as for the New England states or the NY-NJ-PA tri-state area. This result suggests that, given continued improvement in state-of-the art transport models, a measurement program similar in scale to that recommended by the NAS can provide for independent verification of bottom-up inventories of fossil fuel CO2 at the regional and national scale. In addition, we show that the dual tracer inversion framework can detect and minimize biases in estimates of the biospheric flux that would otherwise arise in a traditional CO2-only inversion when prescribing fixed but inaccurate fossil fuel fluxes. C1 [Basu, Sourish; Miller, John Bharat] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Basu, Sourish; Miller, John Bharat] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehman, Scott] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.; Basu, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sourish.basu@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Programs Office (CPO) [NA13OAR4310075] FX We would like to thank Colm Sweeney for providing aircraft-based measurements of SF6 and Ed Dlugokencky and Andrew Crotwell for marine boundary layer measurements of SF6, Colin Lindsay for homogenizing global neutron monitor data and oceanic 14CO2 data from multiple sources, and Nicolas Bousserez for useful discussions on uncertainty quantification. Part of this work was performed under grant NA13OAR4310075 from the NOAA Climate Programs Office (CPO). All computations for this work were performed on the Zeus and Theia clusters of the NOAA Research & Development High Performance Computing System (RDHPCS). NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 5665 EP 5683 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5665-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BU UT WOS:000376938100012 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Feingold, G Yamaguchi, T AF Kazil, Jan Feingold, Graham Yamaguchi, Takanobu TI Wind speed response of marine non-precipitating stratocumulus clouds over a diurnal cycle in cloud-system resolving simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TO-CUMULUS TRANSITION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MIXED-LAYER MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WAVE HEIGHT; FEEDBACK; CONVECTION; ATLANTIC AB Observed and projected trends in large-scale wind speed over the oceans prompt the question: how do marine stratocumulus clouds and their radiative properties respond to changes in large-scale wind speed? Wind speed drives the surface fluxes of sensible heat, moisture, and momentum and thereby acts on cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud radiative properties. We present an investigation of the dynamical response of non-precipitating, overcast marine stratocumulus clouds to different wind speeds over the course of a diurnal cycle, all else equal. In cloud-system resolving simulations, we find that higher wind speed leads to faster boundary layer growth and stronger entrainment. The dynamical driver is enhanced buoyant production of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) from latent heat release in cloud updrafts. LWP is enhanced during the night and in the morning at higher wind speed, and more strongly suppressed later in the day. Wind speed hence accentuates the diurnal LWP cycle by expanding the morning-afternoon contrast. The higher LWP at higher wind speed does not, however, enhance cloud top cooling because in clouds with LWPaEuro-a(a)dagger aEuro-50aEuro-gaEuro-m(-2), longwave emissions are insensitive to LWP. This leads to the general conclusion that in sufficiently thick stratocumulus clouds, additional boundary layer growth and entrainment due to a boundary layer moistening arises by stronger production of TKE from latent heat release in cloud updrafts, rather than from enhanced longwave cooling. We find that large-scale wind modulates boundary layer decoupling. At nighttime and at low wind speed during daytime, it enhances decoupling in part by faster boundary layer growth and stronger entrainment and in part because shear from large-scale wind in the sub-cloud layer hinders vertical moisture transport between the surface and cloud base. With increasing wind speed, however, in decoupled daytime conditions, shear-driven circulation due to large-scale wind takes over from buoyancy-driven circulation in transporting moisture from the surface to cloud base and thereby reduces decoupling and helps maintain LWP. The total (shortwaveaEuro-+aEuro-longwave) cloud radiative effect (CRE) responds to changes in LWP and cloud fraction, and higher wind speed translates to a stronger diurnally averaged total CRE. However, the sensitivity of the diurnally averaged total CRE to wind speed decreases with increasing wind speed. C1 [Kazil, Jan; Yamaguchi, Takanobu] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kazil, Jan; Feingold, Graham; Yamaguchi, Takanobu] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jan.kazil@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0006972]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work is supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program grant DE-SC0006972, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects, and by NOAA's Climate Goal. The authors acknowledge the NOAA Research and Development High Performance Computing Program for providing computing and storage resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper and thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 5811 EP 5839 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5811-2016 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BU UT WOS:000376938100020 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Jacob, DJ Travis, KR Kim, PS Marais, EA Miller, CC Yu, KR Zhu, L Yantosca, RM Sulprizio, MP Mao, JQ Wennberg, PO Crounse, JD Teng, AP Nguyen, TB St Clair, JM Cohen, RC Romer, P Nault, BA Wooldridge, PJ Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Hu, WW Shepson, PB Xiong, FLZ Blake, DR Goldstein, AH Misztal, PK Hanisco, TF Wolfe, GM Ryerson, TB Wisthaler, A Mikoviny, T AF Fisher, Jenny A. Jacob, Daniel J. Travis, Katherine R. Kim, Patrick S. Marais, Eloise A. Miller, Christopher Chan Yu, Karen Zhu, Lei Yantosca, Robert M. Sulprizio, Melissa P. Mao, Jingqiu Wennberg, Paul O. Crounse, John D. Teng, Alex P. Nguyen, Tran B. St. Clair, Jason M. Cohen, Ronald C. Romer, Paul Nault, Benjamin A. Wooldridge, Paul J. Jimenez, Jose L. Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas A. Hu, Weiwei Shepson, Paul B. Xiong, Fulizi Blake, Donald R. Goldstein, Allen H. Misztal, Pawel K. Hanisco, Thomas F. Wolfe, Glenn M. Ryerson, Thomas B. Wisthaler, Armin Mikoviny, Tomas TI Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL FORMATION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; ALPHA-PINENE; NO3 OXIDATION; BIOGENIC COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHASE HYDROLYSIS AB Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with similar to aEuro-25aEuro- x aEuro-25aEuro-km(2) resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50aEuro-% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10aEuro-% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10aEuro-% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60aEuro-% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20aEuro-% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15aEuro-% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20aEuro-% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline.

. C1 [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Travis, Katherine R.; Marais, Eloise A.; Yu, Karen; Zhu, Lei; Yantosca, Robert M.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.] Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Kim, Patrick S.; Miller, Christopher Chan] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.; Crounse, John D.; Teng, Alex P.; Nguyen, Tran B.; St. Clair, Jason M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Romer, Paul; Wooldridge, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Hu, Weiwei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.; Xiong, Fulizi] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.; Misztal, Pawel K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hanisco, Thomas F.; Wolfe, Glenn M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wisthaler, Armin; Mikoviny, Tomas] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Nguyen, Tran B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [St. Clair, Jason M.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [St. Clair, Jason M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nault, Benjamin A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fisher, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.; Fisher, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. EM jennyf@uow.edu.au RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051 FU University of Wollongong; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; Australian Government; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071]; NASA [NNX15AH33A, NNX15AT96G]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; EPRI [10004734]; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their help in the field, and we thank Eleanor Browne and Fabien Paulot for helpful discussions about the monoterpene nitrate scheme. This work was funded by a University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship to J. A. Fisher and by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. This research was undertaken with the assistance of resources provided at the NCI National Facility systems at the Australian National University through the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme supported by the Australian Government. J. Mao acknowledges supports from the NOAA Climate Program Office grant NA13OAR4310071. J. L. Jimenez, P. Campuzano-Jost, W. Hu, and D. A. Day were supported by NASA NNX15AH33A and NNX15AT96G, NSF AGS-1243354 and AGS-1360834, and EPRI 10004734. Isoprene and monoterpene measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A. Wisthaler and T. Mikoviny received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 22 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 9 BP 5969 EP 5991 DI 10.5194/acp-16-5969-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DN3BU UT WOS:000376938100028 ER PT J AU Kim, HC Lee, P Judd, L Pan, L Lefer, B AF Kim, Hyun Cheol Lee, Pius Judd, Laura Pan, Li Lefer, Barry TI OMI NO2 column densities over North American urban cities: the effect of satellite footprint resolution SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC NO2; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; OZONE; SPACE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; INSTRUMENT; CAPABILITY; RETRIEVAL AB Nitrogen dioxide vertical column density (NO2 VCD) measurements via satellite are compared with a fine-scale regional chemistry transport model, using a new approach that considers varying satellite footprint sizes. Spaceborne NO2 VCD measurement has been used as a proxy for surface nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission, especially for anthropogenic urban emission, so accurate comparison of satellite and modeled NO2 VCD is important in determining the future direction of NOx emission policy. The NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 VCD measurements, retrieved by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), are compared with a 12 km Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) simulation from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We found that the OMI footprint-pixel sizes are too coarse to resolve urban NO2 plumes, resulting in a possible underestimation in the urban core and overestimation outside. In order to quantify this effect of resolution geometry, we have made two estimates. First, we constructed pseudo-OMI data using fine-scale outputs of the model simulation. Assuming the fine-scale model output is a true measurement, we then collected real OMI footprint coverages and performed conservative spatial regridding to generate a set of fake OMI pixels out of fine-scale model outputs. When compared to the original data, the pseudo-OMI data clearly showed smoothed signals over urban locations, resulting in roughly 20-30% underestimation over major cities. Second, we further conducted conservative downscaling of OMI NO2 VCDs using spatial information from the fine-scale model to adjust the spatial distribution, and also applied averaging kernel (AK) information to adjust the vertical structure. Four-way comparisons were conducted between OMI with and without downscaling and CMAQ with and without AK information. Results show that OMI and CMAQ NO2 VCDs show the best agreement when both downscaling and AK methods are applied, with the correlation coefficient R = 0.89. This study suggests that satellite footprint sizes might have a considerable effect on the measurement of fine-scale urban NO2 plumes. The impact of satellite footprint resolution should be considered when using satellite observations in emission policy making, and the new downscaling approach can provide a reference uncertainty for the use of satellite NO2 measurements over most cities. C1 [Kim, Hyun Cheol; Lee, Pius; Pan, Li] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Kim, Hyun Cheol; Pan, Li] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Judd, Laura; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Kim, HC (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.; Kim, HC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hyun.kim@noaa.gov RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU University of Texas Air Quality Research Program (AQRP); Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) [13-TN2] FX The authors acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor from http://www.temis.nl. We gratefully appreciate Thomas Ryerson and Ilana Pollack for the P3 data from the CalNex campaign. The IGDP tool was developed by the support of University of Texas Air Quality Research Program (AQRP) and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) (AQRP project 13-TN2). We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their thorough comments and insightful suggestions. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1111 EP 1123 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1111-2016 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3AQ UT WOS:000376934900011 ER PT J AU Zhong, M Saikawa, E Liu, Y Naik, V Horowitz, LW Takigawa, M Zhao, Y Lin, NH Stone, EA AF Zhong, Min Saikawa, Eri Liu, Yang Naik, Vaishali Horowitz, Larry W. Takigawa, Masayuki Zhao, Yu Lin, Neng-Huei Stone, Elizabeth A. TI Air quality modeling with WRF-Chem v3.5 in East Asia: sensitivity to emissions and evaluation of simulated air quality SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE; AEROSOL; CHINA; CLIMATE; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; PARAMETERIZATION; INVENTORIES; ATMOSPHERE; POLLUTION AB We conducted simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.5 to study air quality in East Asia at a spatial resolution of 20 km x 20 km. We find large discrepancies between two existing emissions inventories: the Regional Emission Inventory in ASia version 2 (REAS) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (EDGAR) at the provincial level in China, with maximum differences of up to 500% for CO emissions, 190% for NO, and 160% for primary PM10. Such discrepancies in the magnitude and the spatial distribution of emissions for various species lead to a 40-70% difference in surface PM10 concentrations, 16-20% in surface O-3 mixing ratios, and over 100% in SO2 and NO2 mixing ratios in the polluted areas of China. WRF-Chem is sensitive to emissions, with the REAS-based simulation reproducing observed concentrations and mixing ratios better than the EDGAR-based simulation for July 2007. We conduct additional model simulations using REAS emissions for January, April, July, and October of 2007 and evaluate simulations with available ground-level observations. The model results illustrate clear regional variations in the seasonal cycle of surface PM10 and O-3 over East Asia. The model meets the air quality model performance criteria for both PM10 (mean fractional bias, MFB <= +/- 60 %) and O-3 (MFB <= +/- 15 %) at most of the observation sites, although the model underestimates PM10 over northeastern China in January. The model predicts the observed SO2 well at sites in Japan, while it tends to overestimate SO2 in China in July and October. The model underestimates observed NO2 in all 4 months. Our study highlights the importance of constraining emissions at the provincial level for regional air quality modeling over East Asia. Our results suggest that future work should focus on the improvement of provincial-level emissions especially estimating primary PM, SO2, and NOx C1 [Zhong, Min; Saikawa, Eri] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Saikawa, Eri; Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Naik, Vaishali; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Takigawa, Masayuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Zhao, Yu] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Lin, Neng-Huei] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chuang Li, Taiwan. [Stone, Elizabeth A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Zhong, M; Saikawa, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.; Saikawa, E (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM min.zhong@emory.edu; eri.saikawa@emory.edu NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1201 EP 1218 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1201-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3AQ UT WOS:000376934900015 ER PT J AU Wang, HJ Boyd, JP Akmaev, RA AF Wang, Houjun Boyd, John P. Akmaev, Rashid A. TI On computation of Hough functions SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EIGENVALUES; FOURIER; SPHERE; TIDES AB Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of the Laplace tidal equation governing fluid motion on a rotating sphere with a resting basic state. Several numerical methods have been used in the past. In this paper, we compare two of those methods: normalized associated Legendre polynomial expansion and Chebyshev collocation. Both methods are not widely used, but both have some advantages over the commonly used unnormalized associated Legendre polynomial expansion method. Comparable results are obtained using both methods. For the first method we note some details on numerical implementation. The Chebyshev collocation method was first used for the Laplace tidal problem by Boyd (1976) and is relatively easy to use. A compact MATLAB code is provided for this method. We also illustrate the importance and effect of including a parity factor in Chebyshev polynomial expansions for modes with odd zonal wave numbers. C1 [Wang, Houjun] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Houjun; Akmaev, Rashid A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Boyd, John P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wang, HJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Wang, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM houjun.wang@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1477 EP 1488 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1477-2016 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BC UT WOS:000376936200010 ER PT J AU Eyring, V Righi, M Lauer, A Evaldsson, M Wenzel, S Jones, C Anav, A Andrews, O Cionni, I Davin, EL Deser, C Ehbrecht, C Friedlingstein, P Gleckler, P Gottschaldt, KD Hagemann, S Juckes, M Kindermann, S Krasting, J Kunert, D Levine, R Loew, A Makela, J Martin, G Mason, E Phillips, AS Read, S Rio, C Roehrig, R Senftleben, D Sterl, A van Ulft, LH Walton, J Wang, SY Williams, KD AF Eyring, Veronika Righi, Mattia Lauer, Axel Evaldsson, Martin Wenzel, Sabrina Jones, Colin Anav, Alessandro Andrews, Oliver Cionni, Irene Davin, Edouard L. Deser, Clara Ehbrecht, Carsten Friedlingstein, Pierre Gleckler, Peter Gottschaldt, Klaus-Dirk Hagemann, Stefan Juckes, Martin Kindermann, Stephan Krasting, John Kunert, Dominik Levine, Richard Loew, Alexander Maekelae, Jarmo Martin, Gill Mason, Erik Phillips, Adam S. Read, Simon Rio, Catherine Roehrig, Romain Senftleben, Daniel Sterl, Andreas van Ulft, Lambertus H. Walton, Jeremy Wang, Shiyu Williams, Keith D. TI ESMValTool (v1.0) - a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; NORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; WEST-AFRICAN MONSOON AB A community diagnostics and performance metrics tool for the evaluation of Earth system models (ESMs) has been developed that allows for routine comparison of single or multiple models, either against predecessor versions or against observations. The priority of the effort so far has been to target specific scientific themes focusing on selected essential climate variables (ECVs), a range of known systematic biases common to ESMs, such as coupled tropical climate variability, monsoons, Southern Ocean processes, continental dry biases, and soil hydrology-climate interactions, as well as atmospheric CO2 budgets, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. The tool is being developed in such a way that additional analyses can easily be added. A set of standard namelists for each scientific topic reproduces specific sets of diagnostics or performance metrics that have demonstrated their importance in ESM evaluation in the peer-reviewed literature. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is a community effort open to both users and developers encouraging open exchange of diagnostic source code and evaluation results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) ensemble. This will facilitate and improve ESM evaluation beyond the state-of-the-art and aims at supporting such activities within CMIP and at individual modelling centres. Ultimately, we envisage running the ESMValTool alongside the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) as part of a more routine evaluation of CMIP model simulations while utilizing observations available in standard formats (obs4MIPs) or provided by the user. C1 [Eyring, Veronika; Righi, Mattia; Lauer, Axel; Wenzel, Sabrina; Gottschaldt, Klaus-Dirk; Kunert, Dominik; Senftleben, Daniel] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Evaldsson, Martin; Wang, Shiyu] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Jones, Colin] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Jones, Colin; Levine, Richard; Martin, Gill; Walton, Jeremy; Williams, Keith D.] Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Anav, Alessandro; Friedlingstein, Pierre] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Andrews, Oliver] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Cionni, Irene] Energia Sviluppo Econ Sostenibile ENEA, Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol, Rome, Italy. [Davin, Edouard L.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ehbrecht, Carsten; Hagemann, Stefan] Deutsch Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. [Gleckler, Peter] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Hagemann, Stefan; Loew, Alexander] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Juckes, Martin] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, British Atmospher Data Ctr, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Krasting, John; Mason, Erik] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Loew, Alexander] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Maekelae, Jarmo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Mason, Erik] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA USA. [Read, Simon] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Rio, Catherine] Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Roehrig, Romain] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Roehrig, Romain] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [van Ulft, Lambertus H.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de RI Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Makela, Jarmo/H-4154-2016; Davin, Edouard/L-7033-2016; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; OI Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Makela, Jarmo/0000-0002-8788-3939; Davin, Edouard/0000-0003-3322-9330; Levine, Richard/0000-0003-1210-0415; Gottschaldt, Klaus/0000-0002-2046-6137 FU European Commission's 7th Framework Programme [282672]; "Earth system Model Bias Reduction and assessing Abrupt Climate change (EMBRACE)" project; DLR "Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal)" project; "Klimarelevanz von atmospharischen Spurengasen, Aerosolen und Wolken: Auf dem Weg zu EarthCARE und MERLIN (KliSAW)" project; ESA's Climate Change Initiative Climate Modelling User Group (CMUG) FX The development of the ESMValTool (v1.0) was funded by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, under Grant Agreement number 282672, the "Earth system Model Bias Reduction and assessing Abrupt Climate change (EMBRACE)" project and the DLR "Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal)" and "Klimarelevanz von atmospharischen Spurengasen, Aerosolen und Wolken: Auf dem Weg zu EarthCARE und MERLIN (KliSAW)" projects. In addition, financial support for the development of ESMValTool (v1.0) was provided by ESA's Climate Change Initiative Climate Modelling User Group (CMUG). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's (WCRP's) Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM), which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank Bjorn Brotz (DLR, Germany) for his help with the release of the ESMValTool and Clare Enright (UEA, UK) for support with development of the ocean biogeochemistry diagnostics. We are grateful to Patrick Jockel (DLR, Germany), Ron Stouffer (GFDL, USA) and to the two anonymous referees for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 199 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1747 EP 1802 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1747-2016 PG 56 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800006 ER PT J AU Seferian, R Gehlen, M Bopp, L Resplandy, L Orr, JC Marti, O Dunne, JP Christian, JR Doney, SC Ilyina, T Lindsay, K Halloran, PR Heinze, C Segschneider, J Tjiputra, J Aumont, O Romanou, A AF Seferian, Roland Gehlen, Marion Bopp, Laurent Resplandy, Laure Orr, James C. Marti, Olivier Dunne, John P. Christian, James R. Doney, Scott C. Ilyina, Tatiana Lindsay, Keith Halloran, Paul R. Heinze, Christoph Segschneider, Joachim Tjiputra, Jerry Aumont, Olivier Romanou, Anastasia TI Inconsistent strategies to spin up models in CMIP5: implications for ocean biogeochemical model performance assessment SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL OCEAN; SKILL ASSESSMENT; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SEA-ICE AB During the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) substantial efforts were made to systematically assess the skill of Earth system models. One goal was to check how realistically representative marine biogeochemical tracer distributions could be reproduced by models. In routine assessments model historical hind-casts were compared with available modern biogeochemical observations. However, these assessments considered neither how close modeled biogeochemical reservoirs were to equilibrium nor the sensitivity of model performance to initial conditions or to the spin-up protocols. Here, we explore how the large diversity in spin-up protocols used for marine biogeochemistry in CMIP5 Earth system models (ESMs) contributes to model-to-model differences in the simulated fields. We take advantage of a 500-year spin-up simulation of IPSL-CM5A-LR to quantify the influence of the spin-up protocol on model ability to reproduce relevant data fields. Amplification of biases in selected biogeochemical fields (O-2, NO3, Alk-DIC) is assessed as a function of spin-up duration. We demonstrate that a relationship between spin-up duration and assessment metrics emerges from our model results and holds when confronted with a larger ensemble of CMIP5 models. This shows that drift has implications for performance assessment in addition to possibly aliasing estimates of climate change impact. Our study suggests that differences in spin-up protocols could explain a substantial part of model disparities, constituting a source of model-to-model uncertainty. This requires more attention in future model intercomparison exercises in order to provide quantitatively more correct ESM results on marine biogeochemistry and carbon cycle feedbacks. C1 [Seferian, Roland] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Gehlen, Marion; Bopp, Laurent; Resplandy, Laure; Orr, James C.; Marti, Olivier] CEA Saclay, IPSL, LSCE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Resplandy, Laure] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Christian, James R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Christian, James R.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ilyina, Tatiana] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Lindsay, Keith] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, Christoph; Tjiputra, Jerry] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Segschneider, Joachim] Univ Kiel, Dept Geosci, Kiel, Germany. [Aumont, Olivier] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS IRD MNHN, LOCEAN IPSL Lab, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. [Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math & Phys, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Seferian, R (reprint author), Meteo France CNRS, CNRM, 42 Ave Gaspard Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM rseferian.cnrm@gmail.com RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080 FU H2020 project CRESCENDO "Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach" - European Union [641816]; EU FP7 - European community's Seventh Framework Programme [264879]; Research Council of Norway [239965/F20]; project EVA - Earth system modelling of climate variations in the Anthropocene - Research Council of Norway [229771/E10]; NOTUR project [NN2345K]; NorStore project [NS2345K]; National Science Foundation FX We sincerely thank I. Kriest, F. Joos, the anonymous reviewer and A. Yool for their useful comments on this paper. This work was supported by H2020 project CRESCENDO "Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach", which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 641816 and by the EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE "Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate" which received funding from the European community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 264879. Supercomputing time was provided by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) at CCRT (Centre de Calcul Recherche et Technologie), allocation 016178. Finally, we are grateful to the ESGF project which makes data available for all the community. Roland Seferian is grateful to Aurelien Ribes for his kind advices on statistics. Jerry Tjiputra acknowledges ORGANIC project (239965/F20) funded by the Research Council of Norway. Christoph Heinze and Jerry Tjiputra are grateful for support through project EVA - Earth system modelling of climate variations in the Anthropocene (229771/E10) funded by the Research Council of Norway, as well as CPU-time and mass storage provided through NOTUR project NN2345K as well as NorStore project NS2345K. Keith Lindsay and Scott C. Doney acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation. NR 134 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1827 EP 1851 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800008 ER PT J AU Lu, CH da Silva, A Wang, J Moorthi, S Chin, M Colarco, P Tang, YH Bhattacharjee, PS Chen, SP Chuang, HY Juang, HMH McQueen, J Iredell, M AF Lu, Cheng-Hsuan da Silva, Arlindo Wang, Jun Moorthi, Shrinivas Chin, Mian Colarco, Peter Tang, Youhua Bhattacharjee, Partha S. Chen, Shen-Po Chuang, Hui-Ya Juang, Hann-Ming Henry McQueen, Jeffery Iredell, Mark TI The implementation of NEMS GFS Aerosol Component (NGAC) Version 1.0 for global dust forecasting at NOAA/NCEP SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; GOCART MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; CLIMATE MODEL; MINERAL DUST; ACE-ASIA; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT AB The NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) implemented the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) Global Forecast System (GFS) Aerosol Component (NGAC) for global dust forecasting in collaboration with NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). NGAC Version 1.0 has been providing 5-day dust forecasts at 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution on a global scale, once per day at 00: 00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), since September 2012. This is the first global system capable of interactive atmosphere aerosol forecasting at NCEP. The implementation of NGAC V1.0 reflects an effective and efficient transitioning of NASA research advances to NCEP operations, paving the way for NCEP to provide global aerosol products serving a wide range of stakeholders, as well as to allow the effects of aerosols on weather forecasts and climate prediction to be considered. C1 [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan; Chen, Shen-Po] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan; Wang, Jun; Bhattacharjee, Partha S.] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [da Silva, Arlindo; Chin, Mian; Colarco, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Moorthi, Shrinivas; Chuang, Hui-Ya; Juang, Hann-Ming Henry; McQueen, Jeffery; Iredell, Mark] NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Tang, Youhua] NOAA, OAR Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lu, CH (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.; Lu, CH (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. EM sarah.lu@noaa.gov RI Bhattacharjee, Partha/B-1620-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Bhattacharjee, Partha/0000-0003-1117-0649; Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 FU NASA Applied Science Program; NOAA-NASA-DOD Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX The NGAC project has been supported by NASA Applied Science Program and NOAA-NASA-DOD Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The authors thank the principal investigators of the AERONET sites (Didier Tanre for Cape Verde, Dakar, and Banizoumbou, Rachel Pinker for Ilorin, Brent Holben for La Parguera, and Arnon Karnieli for Sede Boker) for the efforts in establishing and maintaining AERONET sites. Brent Holben leads the AERONET program and provided access to near-real-time L1.5 data set. The authors also appreciate the multi-model ensemble work done by the NRL (for ICAP) and BSC (for WMO SDS-WAS NA-ME-E Regional Center). The lead author C.-H. Lu is grateful for technical help and/or scientific input from her NCEP EMC colleagues, Wei-Yu Yang, Perry Shafran, Ho-Chun Huang, and Yuqiu Zhu. She also thanks her NCEP NCO colleagues for transitioning pre-operational NGAC V1.0 system into NCEP production, including Simon Hsiao, Xiaoxue Wang, Christine Caruso Magee, Jeff Ator, Boi Vuong, Rebecca Cosgrove and Daniel Starosta. The pre-implementation evaluation by Walter Sessions, Nick Nalli, Andy Harris, Craig Long, Gary Votaw, and Jeral Estupinan is also greatly appreciated. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1905 EP 1919 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1905-2016 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800011 ER PT J AU Eyring, V Bony, S Meehl, GA Senior, CA Stevens, B Stouffer, RJ Taylor, KE AF Eyring, Veronika Bony, Sandrine Meehl, Gerald A. Senior, Catherine A. Stevens, Bjorn Stouffer, Ronald J. Taylor, Karl E. TI Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE RESEARCH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CIRCULATION; SCENARIOS; CO2 AB By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. However, the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. After a long and wide community consultation, a new and more federated structure has been put in place. It consists of three major elements: (1) a handful of common experiments, the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations (1850-near present) that will maintain continuity and help document basic characteristics of models across different phases of CMIP; (2) common standards, coordination, infrastructure, and documentation that will facilitate the distribution of model outputs and the characterization of the model ensemble; and (3) an ensemble of CMIP-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) that will be specific to a particular phase of CMIP (now CMIP6) and that will build on the DECK and CMIP historical simulations to address a large range of specific questions and fill the scientific gaps of the previous CMIP phases. The DECK and CMIP historical simulations, together with the use of CMIP data standards, will be the entry cards for models participating in CMIP. Participation in CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs by individual modelling groups will be at their own discretion and will depend on their scientific interests and priorities. With the Grand Science Challenges of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) as its scientific backdrop, CMIP6 will address three broad questions: - How does the Earth system respond to forcing? - What are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases? - How can we assess future climate changes given internal climate variability, predictability, and uncertainties in scenarios? This CMIP6 overview paper presents the background and rationale for the new structure of CMIP, provides a detailed description of the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations, and includes a brief introduction to the 21 CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs. C1 [Eyring, Veronika] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Bony, Sandrine] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPSL, LMD, Paris, France. [Meehl, Gerald A.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Senior, Catherine A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Taylor, Karl E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 FU Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; U.S. National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation FX We thank the scientific community for their engagement in the definition of CMIP6 and for the broad participation in the CMIP5 survey in 2013. We thank the co-chairs and steering committee members of the CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs for their continuous engagement in defining CMIP6, and the modelling groups and wider community for reviewing the CMIP6 design and organization. We thank the WGCM Infrastructure Panel (WIP) for overseeing the CMIP6 infrastructure, Martin Juckes for taking the lead in preparing the CMIP6 data request, and the group of scientists who are producing forcing datasets for CMIP6. Thanks to Jonathan Gregory for raising awareness about the treatment of volcanic forcing in the pre-industrial control experiment and its consequence for sea level changes, and to Pierre Friedlingstein, George Hurtt, Chris Jones, and David Lawrence for help in defining carbon cycle and land-use specifications in the DECK experiments and CMIP6 historical simulations. Norbert Noreiks is thanked for help in drafting the figures. Thanks to our topical editor Julia Hargreaves, to Gavin Schmidt and the other two anonymous reviewers, and to everyone who contributed to the open discussions for constructive comments. GM and KET were supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) (through Cooperative Agreement no. DE-FC02-97ER62402 for GM), and GM received additional support from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1937 EP 1958 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800013 ER PT J AU Zhao, C Huang, MY Fast, JD Berg, LK Qian, Y Guenther, A Gu, DS Shrivastava, M Liu, Y Walters, S Pfister, G Jin, JM Shilling, JE Warneke, C AF Zhao, Chun Huang, Maoyi Fast, Jerome D. Berg, Larry K. Qian, Yun Guenther, Alex Gu, Dasa Shrivastava, Manish Liu, Ying Walters, Stacy Pfister, Gabriele Jin, Jiming Shilling, John E. Warneke, Carsten TI Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds to land surface parameterizations and vegetation distributions in California SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; FAIR-WEATHER CBL; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; SOA FORMATION; AEROSOLS; OZONE; ATMOSPHERE AB Current climate models still have large uncertainties in estimating biogenic trace gases, which can significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol formation that ultimately influences air quality and aerosol radiative forcing. These uncertainties result from many factors, including uncertainties in land surface processes and specification of vegetation types, both of which can affect the simulated near-surface fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In this study, the latest version of Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1) is coupled within the land surface scheme CLM4 (Community Land Model version 4.0) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this implementation, MEGAN v2.1 shares a consistent vegetation map with CLM4 for estimating BVOC emissions. This is unlike MEGAN v2.0 in the public version of WRF-Chem that uses a stand-alone vegetation map that differs from what is used by land surface schemes. This improved modeling framework is used to investigate the impact of two land surface schemes, CLM4 and Noah, on BVOCs and examine the sensitivity of BVOCs to vegetation distributions in California. The measurements collected during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) and the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) conducted in June of 2010 provided an opportunity to evaluate the simulated BVOCs. Sensitivity experiments show that land surface schemes do influence the simulated BVOCs, but the impact is much smaller than that of vegetation distributions. This study indicates that more effort is needed to obtain the most appropriate and accurate land cover data sets for climate and air quality models in terms of simulating BVOCs, oxidant chemistry and, consequently, secondary organic aerosol formation. C1 [Zhao, Chun; Huang, Maoyi; Fast, Jerome D.; Berg, Larry K.; Qian, Yun; Shrivastava, Manish; Liu, Ying; Shilling, John E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Guenther, Alex; Gu, Dasa] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Walters, Stacy; Pfister, Gabriele] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci & Plants, Dept Soils, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Warneke, Carsten] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhao, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chun.zhao@pnnl.gov RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Gu, Dasa/I-1005-2014; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Gu, Dasa/0000-0002-5663-1675; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research's Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) Program; Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility; US NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program [NA11OAR4310160]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research's Atmospheric Systems Research (ASR) Program and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. A portion of this research was supported by the US NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program (NA11OAR4310160). The simulations required for this work were performed on the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge Tom Jobson and Bentram Knighton for their measurements during the CARES campaign. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1959 EP 1976 DI 10.5194/gmd-9-1959-2016 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DN3BR UT WOS:000376937800014 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Hauser, DDW AF Noren, Dawn P. Hauser, Donna D. W. TI Surface-Based Observations Can Be Used to Assess Behavior and Fine-Scale Habitat Use by an Endangered Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE activity state; behavior; forage; killer whale; Orcinus orca; MPA; rest; vessel impact ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; NEW-ZEALAND; METABOLIC-RATES; WATCHING BOATS; HAURAKI GULF AB Behavioral observations can provide insight into the ecology and habitat use of marine species. Studies have shown that movement patterns are influenced by prey availability and that the presence of vessels can reduce foraging, resting, and/or social behaviors in delphinids, including killer whales (Orcinus orca). Southern resident killer whales are listed as "Endangered" in both the United States and Canada. Reduced prey availability and vessel disturbance are risk factors for this population. Surface observations were conducted to understand southern resident killer whale behavior and habitat use in their Endangered Species Act-designated core summer critical habitat. The activity budget comprised 70.4% travel, 21.0% forage, 6.8% rest, and 1.8% social behavior. Dive duration, surface duration, and swim speed varied significantly among activity states and validated the activity state classifications. For example, traveling killer whales swam the fastest and had the lowest surface to dive duration ratios, which presumably minimizes energetic costs while maximizing distance traveled. Movement patterns, spatial arrangements, and configurations of killer whales also varied significantly among activity states and, to some extent, varied by geographic location. We found that killer whale spatial arrangement and configuration patterns were strikingly different in two adjacent areas, indicating that these may change abruptly. This may be informative for vessel operators who are required to maintain a 182.9-m distance from killer whales. Killer whales engaged in most activity states throughout the area, but foraging and resting predominantly occurred in some localized regions. Activity budgets reported in the present and other contemporary studies differ from those reported 20 to 30 y ago. The proportion of forage in the activity budget has decreased in recent years, yet the main foraging area has persisted for several decades. These findings are important for understanding key risk factors for southern resident killer whales and may aid in formulating mitigation measures to protect them from vessel traffic and other human activities. C1 [Noren, Dawn P.; Hauser, Donna D. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hauser, Donna D. W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Noren, DP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov OI Hauser, Donna/0000-0001-8236-7372 FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Snug Harbor Resort; University of Washington (UW) Friday Harbor Laboratories; Orca Network; Soundwatch; the commercial whale-watching fleet; and Dr. J. Ha from the Department of Psychology, UW, for field support. We are grateful to J. Daly for safely operating the research vessel in the vicinity of killer whales, and we thank D. Rehder, E. Ashe, and D. Giles for data collection and assistance in the field. L. Barre, B. Hanson, P. Levin, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This work was funded by the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This research was conducted by the authority of the ESA Permit Number 781-1824-00, Canadian MML Number 2006-07, and SARA Permit Number 33. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 23 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 168 EP 183 DI 10.1578/AM.42.2.2016.168 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DM5SX UT WOS:000376411500006 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Louie, SM AF Pettibone, John M. Louie, Stacey M. TI Research highlights: improved understanding of ecological impacts resulting from nanomaterial-based in situ remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Editorial Material AB Nanomaterials are currently being used for in situ remediation of soils and groundwater. However, the continued use of currently implemented nanomaterials and the systematic development of more effective and ecologically benign materials require a more complete understanding of their ecological impact, which should include the transport through the subsurface, acute, chronic and long term effects of exposure, and the role of nanomaterial characteristics (e.g., composition, surface coating). In the current highlight, three articles that examine different aspects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) transport, reactivity or exposure to model organisms are summarily reported, which advance the development of more sustainable remediation approaches. The first study examines the role of a model biofilm on the transport of different Pd-doped nZVI species through granulated media, and also the associated nanomaterial toxicity to the forming and sessile bacteria. The second study examines the multigenerational reproductive impacts of C. elegans resulting from nZVI exposure. Lastly, the resulting products of nZVI reactivity with U(VI) species at environmentally relevant molar ratios are examined, and a thorough analysis of the resulting products are reported, which provide valuable data for predicting the consequential role nZVI remediation will have on the ecosystem at and near contaminated sites. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Louie, Stacey M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pettibone, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.1039/c6en90006b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ8BW UT WOS:000374438500002 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Kneifel, S Cadeddu, MP AF Turner, D. D. Kneifel, S. Cadeddu, M. P. TI An Improved Liquid Water Absorption Model at Microwave Frequencies for Supercooled Liquid Water Clouds SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; GLOBAL OCEANS; RADIOMETER; PERMITTIVITY; SSM/I; PATH; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVALS AB An improved liquid water absorption model is developed for frequencies between 0.5 and 500 GHz. The empirical coefficients for this model were retrieved from a dataset that consists of both laboratory observations of the permittivity of liquid water (primarily at temperatures above 0 degrees C) and field observations collected by microwave radiometers in three separate locations with observations at temperatures as low as -32 degrees C. An optimal estimation framework is used to retrieve the model's coefficients. This framework shows that there is high information content in the observations for seven of the nine model coefficients, but that the uncertainties in all of the coefficients result in less than 15% uncertainty in the liquid water absorption coefficient for all temperatures between -32 degrees and 0 degrees C and frequencies between 23 and 225 GHz. Furthermore, this model is more consistent with both the laboratory and field observations over all frequencies and temperatures than other popular absorption models. C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kneifel, S.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cadeddu, M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov RI Kneifel, Stefan/A-2044-2015 OI Kneifel, Stefan/0000-0003-2220-2968 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0008830]; NOAA; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); ASR; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Infrastructure Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program by Grant DE-SC0008830 and by NOAA. The contributions to this study by S. Kneifel were supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and also partly funded by ASR. Effort at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Infrastructure Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dusan Zrnic for his helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. The excellent comments from three anonymous reviewers were also appreciated. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0074.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3JQ UT WOS:000376243100003 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR AF Ivic, Igor R. TI Statistical Evaluation of Time Multiplexing to Mitigate Differential Reflectivity Bias Due to Cross-Polar Coupling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; POLARIZATION; SIGNALS; MATRIX; PLANAR AB One of the main challenges to the use of phased array radar for weather observations is the implementation of dual polarization with acceptable levels of cross-polar fields induced by the antenna. For example, to achieve acceptable differential reflectivity (ZDR) bias (e.g., less than 0.1 dB) using simultaneous transmission and reception of H and V polarized waves, the isolation between coaxial cross-polar and copolar beams needs to be in excess of 50 dB. Because such isolation cannot be achieved at an affordable price by antenna hardware, additional methods are required to attain supplementary isolation of orthogonal channels. One such option is time multiplexing. Herein, this approach is evaluated from the statistical aspect, whereby the depolarization caused by the radar hardware is accounted for in this study. An evaluation is conducted using theoretical analysis as well as simulated and time series data from a weather radar. The main criteria for evaluation are the bias and standard deviation of differential reflectivity estimates. The results indicate that the implementation of the time-multiplexing method has the capability to significantly improve upon the radar intrinsic cross-polar isolation. However, it is demonstrated herein that the reflectivity gradients in range adversely affect the efficacy of the method and that the standard deviation of estimates can significantly increase as a result of the time-multiplexing application. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ivic, Igor R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The author would like to thank Dr. Dusan S. Zrnic, who introduced the authors to the issues facing PPAR and provided valuable comments and guidance that enhanced this work Also, the author would like to thank Dr. Bradley Isom for providing comments that improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 127 EP 147 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00224.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DM3JQ UT WOS:000376243100009 ER PT J AU Skorski, MR Esenther, JM Ahmed, Z Miller, AE Hartings, MR AF Skorski, Matthew R. Esenther, Jake M. Ahmed, Zeeshan Miller, Abigail E. Hartings, Matthew R. TI The chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of 3D printed materials composed of TiO2-ABS nanocomposites SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 3D printing; nanocomposite; TiO2 nanoparticle; ABS; photocatalysis ID NANOPARTICLES; REACTIONWARE; WATER; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PURIFICATION; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY; SHAPE AB To expand the chemical capabilities of 3D printed structures generated from commercial thermoplastic printers, we have produced and printed polymer filaments that contain inorganic nanoparticles. TiO2 was dispersed into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and extruded into filaments with 1.75 mm diameters. We produced filaments with TiO2 compositions of 1, 5, and 10% (kg/kg) and printed structures using a commercial 3D printer. Our experiments suggest that ABS undergoes minor degradation in the presence of TiO2 during the different processing steps. The measured mechanical properties (strain and Young's modulus) for all of the composites are similar to those of structures printed from the pure polymer. TiO2 incorporation at 1% negatively affects the stress at breaking point and the flexural stress. Structures produced from the 5 and 10% nanocomposites display a higher breaking point stress than those printed from the pure polymer. TiO2 within the printed matrix was able to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of the polymer. TiO2 was also able to photocatalyze the degradation of a rhodamine 6G in solution. These experiments display chemical reactivity in nanocomposites that are printed using commercial 3D printers, and we expect that our methodology will help to inform others who seek to incorporate catalytic nanoparticles in 3D printed structures. C1 [Skorski, Matthew R.; Esenther, Jake M.; Miller, Abigail E.; Hartings, Matthew R.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Zeeshan] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miller, Abigail E.] US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Skorski, MR (reprint author), Amer Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM hartings@american.edu FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 26 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-6996 EI 1878-5514 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1080/14686996.2016.1152879 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DM7AD UT WOS:000376503300012 PM 27375367 ER PT J AU Bortolotto, GA Danilewicz, D Andriolo, A Zerbini, AN AF Bortolotto, Guilherme A. Danilewicz, Daniel Andriolo, Artur Zerbini, Alexandre N. TI Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae) group sizes in line transect ship surveys: An evaluation of observer errors SO ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Abundance; bias; conservation; distance sampling; Mysticetus ID ABUNDANCE; AERIAL; BLUE AB Accurate estimates of group sizes through line transect sampling methods are important to correctly ascertain the abundance of animals that occur in groups. Since the average observed group size is a component of the distance sampling formula, bias in these data leads to biased abundance estimates. This study aimed to evaluate the potential errors in group size estimation during line transect ship surveys to estimate abundances of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski 1781). In a research cruise along the Brazilian coast, an experiment to collect group size information was conducted from two different sighting platforms on the same vessel. Group sizes were recorded by primary observers at first sighting (PO1) and, in some cases, after some time (PO2). A tracker (T) was located on a higher platform to estimate the sizes of groups detected by the primary observers, but tracked one group at a time until it passed abeam. Thus, the dedicated effort to obtain multiple group counts (i.e. higher platform, more time and no responsibility for detecting new groups) was expected to provide more accurate numbers. PO2 estimates were compared with PO1 estimates, and T estimates were compared with both PO1 and PO2. Additionally, ratios between T and both PO2 (R1) and PO1 (R2), and between PO2 and PO1 (R3) were calculated. To investigate a possible improvement in abundance estimates, a correction factor (CF) was computed from the ratio of T and PO2 means. Primary observer self-correction (= 1.60, CV% = 70.3) was statistically similar to the correction for the tracker (= 1.62, CV% = 84.1). CF resulted in 1 and would not improve abundance estimates. This study supports that observers conducting line transect surveys on large whales have the potential to provide group size information that is as adequate as the correction procedure adopted. C1 [Bortolotto, Guilherme A.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Bortolotto, Guilherme A.; Danilewicz, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Zool, Ave Ilheus Itabuna, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Grp Estudos Mamiferos Aquat Rio Grande do Sul, Ave Tramandai 976, BR-95625000 Imbe, RS, Brazil. [Andriolo, Artur] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, ICB, Dept Zool, Lab Ecol Comportamental & Bioacust, Rua Jose Lourenco Kelmer, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bortolotto, GA (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.; Bortolotto, GA (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Zool, Ave Ilheus Itabuna, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. EM gabdo@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013 OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183 FU Shell Brasil; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); CNPq [CMC 026/02-028/03]; Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA) [009/02/CMA/IBAMA, 02001.000085/02-27, 11523-1]; Cetacean Society International FX The authors wish to thank the Universidade do Rio Grande (FURG) and the N/Pq Atlantico Sul crew for support during field work. Several researchers assisted on data collection, including Igor Morais, Franciele Castro, Jonatas Prado, Federico Sucunza, Marco Aurelio Crespo, Natalia Mamede, Luiz Claudio Alves, Daniela Godoy, Suzana Stutz and Ygor Geyer. This manuscript was greatly improved thanks to the comments of Professor Philip Hammond and from an anonymous reviewer. Julio Baumgarten and Luciano Dalla Rosa provided valuable comments on its earlier version. PMBS was sponsored by Shell Brasil. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) supported GA Bortolotto with a scholarship during his master's degree at the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, under the supervision of DD. Cetacean Society International granted GA Bortolotto during the development of this work. The authors of this paper are members of Instituto Aqualie. ANZ is a Research Biologist at Cascadia Research Collective. This study was conducted under permits issued by CNPq (grant #CMC 026/02-028/03) and the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA, permit #009/02/CMA/IBAMA, process #02001.000085/02-27, ICMBio #11523-1). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1984-4670 J9 ZOOLOGIA-CURITIBA JI Zoologia PY 2016 VL 33 IS 2 AR e20150133 DI 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150133 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA DM6GV UT WOS:000376449900009 ER PT J AU He, CL Li, QB Liou, KN Qi, L Tao, S Schwarz, JP AF He, Cenlin Li, Qinbin Liou, Kuo-Nan Qi, Ling Tao, Shu Schwarz, Joshua P. TI Microphysics-based black carbon aging in a global CTM: constraints from HIPPO observations and implications for global black carbon budget SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; VERTICAL PROFILES; TIBETAN PLATEAU; UNITED-STATES; MIXING STATE; AEROSOLS; MODEL; SOOT; EMISSIONS AB We develop and examine a microphysics-based black carbon (BC) aerosol aging scheme that accounts for condensation, coagulation, and heterogeneous chemical oxidation processes in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) by interpreting the BC measurements from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO, 2009-2011) using the model. We convert aerosol mass in the model to number concentration by assuming lognormal aerosol size distributions and compute the microphysical BC aging rate (excluding chemical oxidation aging) explicitly from the condensation of soluble materials onto hydrophobic BC and the coagulation between hydrophobic BC and preexisting soluble particles. The chemical oxidation aging is tested in the sensitivity simulation. The microphysical aging rate is similar to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-4 times higher in the lower troposphere over source regions than that from a fixed aging scheme with an e-folding time of 1.2 days. The higher aging rate reflects the large emissions of sulfate-nitrate and secondary organic aerosol precursors hence faster BC aging through condensation and coagulation. In contrast, the microphysical aging is more than 5-fold slower than the fixed aging in remote regions, where condensation and coagulation are weak. Globally, BC microphysical aging is dominated by condensation, while coagulation contribution is largest over eastern China, India, and central Africa. The fixed aging scheme results in an overestimate of HIPPO BC throughout the troposphere by a factor of 6 on average. The microphysical scheme reduces this discrepancy by a factor of similar to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-3, particularly in the middle and upper troposphere. It also leads to a 3-fold reduction in model bias in the latitudinal BC column burden averaged along the HIPPO flight tracks, with largest improvements in the tropics. The resulting global annual mean BC lifetime is 4.2 days and BC burden is 0.25 mg m(-2), with 7.3 % of the burden at high altitudes (above 5aEuro-km). Wet scavenging accounts for 80.3 % of global BC deposition. We find that, in source regions, the microphysical aging rate is insensitive to aerosol size distribution, condensation threshold, and chemical oxidation aging, while it is the opposite in remote regions, where the aging rate is orders of magnitude smaller. As a result, global BC burden and lifetime show little sensitivity (< 5 % change) to these three factors. C1 [He, Cenlin; Li, Qinbin; Liou, Kuo-Nan; Qi, Ling] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [He, Cenlin; Li, Qinbin; Liou, Kuo-Nan; Qi, Ling] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Tao, Shu] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP He, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; He, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cenlinhe@atmos.ucla.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 FU NASA from the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) [NNX09AF07G, NNX08AF64G]; NSF [AGS-0946315, AGS-1523296] FX This work is funded by NASA grants NNX09AF07G and NNX08AF64G from the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP) and by the NSF grants AGS-0946315 and AGS-1523296. We acknowledge the free use of HIPPO data. We thank all the contributors during the HIPPO campaigns and all the contributors to the development of PKU-BC inventory. We thank Rong Wang, Fangqun Yu, Peter Adams, David Fahey, and Jiachen Zhang for helpful discussions. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3077 EP 3098 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3077-2016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000021 ER PT J AU Li, XS Choi, Y Czader, B Roy, A Kim, H Lefer, B Pan, S AF Li, Xiangshang Choi, Yunsoo Czader, Beata Roy, Anirban Kim, Hyuncheol Lefer, Barry Pan, Shuai TI The impact of observation nudging on simulated meteorology and ozone concentrations during DISCOVER-AQ 2013 Texas campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; AIR-QUALITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; O-3 CONCENTRATIONS; SURFACE OZONE; HOUSTON; URBAN; AREA; ALGORITHMS AB Accurate meteorological fields are imperative for correct chemical transport modeling. Observation nudging, along with objective analysis, is generally considered a low-cost and effective technique to improve meteorological simulations. However, the meteorological impact of observation nudging on chemistry has not been well characterized. This study involved two simulations to analyze the impact of observation nudging on simulated meteorology and ozone concentrations during the 2013 Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Texas campaign period, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. The results showed improved correlations between observed and simulated parameters. For example, the index of agreement (IOA) improved by about 9 % for surface temperature and 6-11 % for surface zonal (U-WIND) and meridional (V-WIND) winds when observation nudging was employed. Analysis of a cold front event indicated that nudging improved the timing of wind transition during the front passage. Observation nudging also reduced the model biases for the planetary boundary layer height predictions. Additionally, the IOA for CMAQ simulated surface ozone improved by 6 % during the simulation period. The high-ozone episode on 25 September was a post-front ozone event in Houston. The small-scale morning wind shifts near the Houston Ship Channel combined with higher aloft ozone early morning likely caused the day's ozone exceedance. While observation nudging did not recreate the wind shifts on that day and failed to reproduce the observed high ozone, analyses of surface and aircraft data found that observation nudging helped the model yield improved ozone predictions. In a 2 h period during the event, substantially better winds in the sensitivity case noticeably improved the ozone. The average IOA for ozone in the period increased from just over 0.4 to near 0.7. Further work on improving the capability of nudging to reproduce local meteorological events such as stagnations and wind reversals could enhance a chemical transport model's skill for predicting high-ozone events. C1 [Li, Xiangshang; Choi, Yunsoo; Czader, Beata; Roy, Anirban; Lefer, Barry; Pan, Shuai] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kim, Hyuncheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kim, Hyuncheol] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellite, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, XS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM xli@central.uh.edu RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU Texas Air Research Center (TARC) [413UHH0144A]; Air Quality Research Program (AQRP) [14-014] FX The authors thank Texas Air Research Center (TARC) for its support through grant number 413UHH0144A and Air Quality Research Program (AQRP) through 14-014, the DISCOVER-AQ team for the aircraft data, Vanessa Caicedo for LIDAR data, and the TCEQ CAMS site team for the in situ ozone and meteorological data. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3127 EP 3144 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3127-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000023 ER PT J AU Chirkov, M Stiller, GP Laeng, A Kellmann, S von Clarmann, T Boone, CD Elkins, JW Engel, A Glatthor, N Grabowski, U Harth, CM Kiefer, M Kolonjari, F Krummel, PB Linden, A Lunder, CR Miller, BR Montzka, SA Muhle, J O'Doherty, S Orphal, J Prinn, RG Toon, G Vollmer, MK Walker, KA Weiss, RF Wiegele, A Young, D AF Chirkov, M. Stiller, G. P. Laeng, A. Kellmann, S. von Clarmann, T. Boone, C. D. Elkins, J. W. Engel, A. Glatthor, N. Grabowski, U. Harth, C. M. Kiefer, M. Kolonjari, F. Krummel, P. B. Linden, A. Lunder, C. R. Miller, B. R. Montzka, S. A. Muhle, J. O'Doherty, S. Orphal, J. Prinn, R. G. Toon, G. Vollmer, M. K. Walker, K. A. Weiss, R. F. Wiegele, A. Young, D. TI Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, global distribution and its evolution over 2005-2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; EXTRATROPICAL LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; SEASONAL CYCLES; NITROUS-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE; CHLORINE; GASES AB We report on HCFC-22 data acquired by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) in the reduced spectral resolution nominal observation mode. The data cover the period from January 2005 to April 2012 and the altitude range from the upper troposphere (above cloud top altitude) to about 50 km. The profile retrieval was performed by constrained nonlinear least squares fitting of modelled spectra to the measured limb spectral radiances. The spectral nu(4)-band at 816.5 +/- 13 cm(-1) was used for the retrieval. A Tikhonov-type smoothing constraint was applied to stabilise the retrieval. In the lower stratosphere, we find a global volume mixing ratio of HCFC-22 of about 185 pptv in January 2005. The rate of linear growth in the lower latitudes lower stratosphere was about 6 to 7aEuro-pptvaEuro-year(-1) in the period 2005-2012. The profiles obtained were compared with ACE-FTS satellite data v3.5, as well as with MkIV balloon profiles and cryosampler balloon measurements. Between 13 and 22 km, average agreement within -3 to +5 pptv (MIPAS - ACE) with ACE-FTS v3.5 profiles is demonstrated. Agreement with MkIV solar occultation balloon-borne measurements is within 10-20 pptv below 30 km and worse above, while in situ cryosampler balloon measurements are systematically lower over their full altitude range by 15-50 pptv below 24 km and less than 10 pptv above 28 km. MIPAS HCFC-22 time series below 10 km altitude are shown to agree mostly well to corresponding time series of near-surface abundances from the NOAA/ESRL and AGAGE networks, although a more pronounced seasonal cycle is obvious in the satellite data. This is attributed to tropopause altitude fluctuations and subsidence of polar winter stratospheric air into the troposphere. A parametric model consisting of constant, linear, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and several sine and cosine terms with different periods has been fitted to the temporal variation of stratospheric HCFC-22 for all 10A degrees-latitude/1-to-2-km-altitude bins. The relative linear variation was always positive, with relative increases of 40-70 % decade(-1) in the tropics and global lower stratosphere, and up to 120 % decade(-1) in the upper stratosphere of the northern polar region and the southern extratropical hemisphere. Asian HCFC-22 emissions have become the major source of global upper tropospheric HCFC-22. In the upper troposphere, monsoon air, rich in HCFC-22, is instantaneously mixed into the tropics. In the middle stratosphere, between 20 and 30 km, the observed trend is inconsistent with the trend at the surface (corrected for the age of stratospheric air), hinting at circulation changes. There exists a stronger positive trend in HCFC-22 in the Southern Hemisphere and a more muted positive trend in the Northern Hemisphere, implying a potential change in the stratospheric circulation over the observation period. C1 [Chirkov, M.; Stiller, G. P.; Laeng, A.; Kellmann, S.; von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Grabowski, U.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Orphal, J.; Wiegele, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Elkins, J. W.; Miller, B. R.; Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, ESRL Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Expt Atmospher Res Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Harth, C. M.; Muhle, J.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kolonjari, F.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO, Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Lunder, C. R.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Toon, G.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Toon, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vollmer, M. K.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Stiller, GP (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM gabriele.stiller@kit.edu RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Chirkov, Maksym/0000-0002-3196-7332; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program; NASA (USA); DECC (UK); NOAA (USA); CSIRO; Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); FOEN; NILU (Norway); SNU (Korea); CMA (China); NIES (Japan); Urbino University (Italy); NASA; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; BMBF [50EE0901]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology FX We acknowledge provision of MIPAS level-1b data by ESA. NOAA measurements of HCFC-22 are made possible in part by funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program. Standards, flask handling and flask analysis at NOAA are provided with assistance from B. Hall, C. Siso and D. Mondeel. AGAGE is supported principally by NASA (USA) grants to MIT and SIO and also by the following: DECC (UK) and NOAA (USA) grants to Bristol University; CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); FOEN grants to Empa (Switzerland); NILU (Norway); SNU (Korea); CMA (China); NIES (Japan); and Urbino University (Italy). Part of this research was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We thank the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF) for performing the launches of the JPL MkIV instrument. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Data analysis at IMK has been supported by BMBF under contract number 50EE0901. The authors thank three reviewers and the editor for their constructive as well as critical comments that helped to improve the paper. We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3345 EP 3368 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3345-2016 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000036 ER PT J AU Nichman, L Fuchs, C Jarvinen, E Ignatius, K Hoppel, NF Dias, A Heinritzi, M Simon, M Trostl, J Wagner, AC Wagner, R Williamson, C Yan, C Connolly, PJ Dorsey, JR Duplissy, J Ehrhart, S Frege, C Gordon, H Hoyle, CR Kristensen, TB Steiner, G Donahue, NM Flagan, R Gallagher, MW Kirkby, J Mohler, O Saathoff, H Schnaiter, M Stratmann, F Tome, A AF Nichman, Leonid Fuchs, Claudia Jaervinen, Emma Ignatius, Karoliina Hoeppel, Niko Florian Dias, Antonio Heinritzi, Martin Simon, Mario Trostl, Jasmin Wagner, Andrea Christine Wagner, Robert Williamson, Christina Yan, Chao Connolly, Paul James Dorsey, James Robert Duplissy, Jonathan Ehrhart, Sebastian Frege, Carla Gordon, Hamish Hoyle, Christopher Robert Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring Steiner, Gerhard Donahue, Neil McPherson Flagan, Richard Gallagher, Martin William Kirkby, Jasper Moehler, Ottmar Saathoff, Harald Schnaiter, Martin Stratmann, Frank Tome, Antonio TI Phase transition observations and discrimination of small cloud particles by light polarization in expansion chamber experiments SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ICE CRYSTALS; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; ALPHA-PINENE; AEROSOL SPECTROMETER; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; SIMULATION CHAMBER; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; BETA-PINENE AB Cloud microphysical processes involving the ice phase in tropospheric clouds are among the major uncertainties in cloud formation, weather, and general circulation models. The detection of aerosol particles, liquid droplets, and ice crystals, especially in the small cloud particle-size range below 50aEuro-mu m, remains challenging in mixed phase, often unstable environments. The Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer with Polarization (CASPOL) is an airborne instrument that has the ability to detect such small cloud particles and measure the variability in polarization state of their backscattered light. Here we operate the versatile Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber facility at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) to produce controlled mixed phase and other clouds by adiabatic expansions in an ultraclean environment, and use the CASPOL to discriminate between different aerosols, water, and ice particles. In this paper, optical property measurements of mixed-phase clouds and viscous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are presented. We report observations of significant liquid-viscous SOA particle polarization transitions under dry conditions using CASPOL. Cluster analysis techniques were subsequently used to classify different types of particles according to their polarization ratios during phase transition. A classification map is presented for water droplets, organic aerosol (e.g., SOA and oxalic acid), crystalline substances such as ammonium sulfate, and volcanic ash. Finally, we discuss the benefits and limitations of this classification approach for atmospherically relevant concentrations and mixtures with respect to the CLOUD 8-9 campaigns and its potential contribution to tropical troposphere layer analysis. C1 [Nichman, Leonid; Connolly, Paul James; Dorsey, James Robert; Gallagher, Martin William] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Fuchs, Claudia; Trostl, Jasmin; Frege, Carla; Hoyle, Christopher Robert] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Jaervinen, Emma; Hoeppel, Niko Florian; Moehler, Ottmar; Saathoff, Harald; Schnaiter, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Ignatius, Karoliina; Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring; Stratmann, Frank] Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Dias, Antonio; Ehrhart, Sebastian; Gordon, Hamish; Kirkby, Jasper] CERN, PH Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Heinritzi, Martin; Simon, Mario; Wagner, Andrea Christine; Williamson, Christina; Kirkby, Jasper] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Wagner, Robert; Yan, Chao; Steiner, Gerhard] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Dorsey, James Robert] Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Duplissy, Jonathan] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Hoyle, Christopher Robert] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF Davos, Davos, Switzerland. [Steiner, Gerhard] Leopold Franzens Univ, Ion Mol React & Environm Phys Inst Ion Phys & App, Innsbruck, Austria. [Donahue, Neil McPherson] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Flagan, Richard] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tome, Antonio] Univ Lisbon, CENTRA SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tome, Antonio] Univ Beira Interior, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Williamson, Christina] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Williamson, Christina] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Steiner, Gerhard] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Aerosol Phys & Environm Phys, Vienna, Austria. RP Nichman, L (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM leonid.nichman@manchester.ac.uk RI Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Jarvinen, Emma/G-7120-2014; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Hoyle, Christopher/B-7786-2008; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Schnaiter, Martin/A-2370-2013; OI Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Jarvinen, Emma/0000-0001-5171-1759; Hoyle, Christopher/0000-0002-1369-9143; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Trostl, Jasmin/0000-0002-2807-0348; Gallagher, Martin/0000-0002-4968-6088; Wagner, Robert/0000-0001-7365-8020 FU CERN; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-TRAIN") [316662]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200 021_140 663]; NERC [NE/B504873/1] FX We would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We express great appreciation for the CLOUD collaboration and the volunteers for the night shifts. We would also like to thank Darrel Baumgardner for CASPOL data filtering advice and review of the manuscript. T. B. Kristensen gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-TRAIN" no. 316662) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant no. 200 021_140 663. The CAPS instrument used in this work was supplied by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science. The UHSAS was funded by NERC grant NE/B504873/1. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 5 BP 3651 EP 3664 DI 10.5194/acp-16-3651-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VD UT WOS:000374702000052 ER PT J AU Lind, O Davalos-Lind, L Lopez, C Lopez, M Dyble Bressie, J AF Lind, Owen Davalos-Lind, Laura Lopez, Carlos Lopez, Martin Dyble Bressie, Juli TI Seasonal morphological variability in an in situ Cyanobacteria monoculture: example from a persistent Cylindrospermopsis bloom in Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th National Congress of Limnology CY NOV 11-14, 2014 CL Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limno, Mexico City, MEXICO HO Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limno DE Cylindrospermopsis; heterocyte; seasonality; Cyanobacteria bloom; trichome morphotypes ID RACIBORSKII NOSTOCALES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; TEMPERATE REGIONS; FORM RESISTANCE; FITZROY RIVER; TROPICAL LAKE; SUBBA-RAJU; PHYTOPLANKTON; DOMINANCE AB The phrase cyanobacteria bloom implies a transient condition in which one to few species dominates communities. In this paper we describe a condition in which the bloom is of multi-year duration consisting of different morphologies of a single cyanobacteria species. Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico maintained a year-round massive (108 trichomes L-1) population of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis spp. The trichomes are present as straight and coiled morphotypes. The relative trichome morphology abundance varied with rainy (June-October) and dry seasons (November-May), but total trichome abundance did not vary. Coiled trichomes and heterocytes (occurring only on coiled trichomes) were significantly more abundant, both absolutely and relatively, during the dry season. Both coiled trichome and heterocyte mean volumes were significantly smaller during the rainy season than during the dry season. Biovolumes were largest in January when water temperature was 5 degrees C cooler suggesting buoyancy as a morphology-determining factor. However, with a more than three-fold lower TIN concentration during the dry season, we hypothesized that the coiled morphotype became abundant primarily because it formed heterocytes, which the straight morphotype did not. Spatial trichome and heterocyte abundance differences were small among the 15 lake sites (average CV for all dates: 20%). However, there was a pattern of increased heterocyte and coiled trichome abundance from lake inflow, as a nitrogen source, to outflow during the rainy season. The total volume of heterocytes per litre of lake water increased progressively four-fold from a minimum early in the rainy season to a maximum at the end of the dry season. Morphological diversity, as seen in Lake Catemaco, can partially compensate for the lack of species diversity in determination of community structure. C1 [Lind, Owen; Davalos-Lind, Laura] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lind, Owen; Davalos-Lind, Laura] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lopez, Carlos] Univ Zulia, Dept Biol, Zooplankton Lab, Maracaibo 4011, Venezuela. [Lopez, Martin] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Marine Pollut, Inst Marine Sci & Limnol, Circuito Exterior S-N,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Dyble Bressie, Juli] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lind, O (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA.; Lind, O (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM owen_lind@baylor.edu NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 12 PU PAGEPRESS PUBL PI PAVIA PA MEDITGROUP, VIA G BELLI, 4, PAVIA, 27100, ITALY SN 1129-5767 EI 1723-8633 J9 J LIMNOL JI J. Limnol. PY 2016 VL 75 SU 1 BP 66 EP 80 DI 10.4081/jlimnol.2016.1190 PG 15 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DL5ZF UT WOS:000375715100008 ER PT J AU Coburn, S Dix, B Edgerton, E Holmes, CD Kinnison, D Liang, Q ter Schure, A Wang, SY Volkamer, R AF Coburn, Sean Dix, Barbara Edgerton, Eric Holmes, Christopher D. Kinnison, Douglas Liang, Qing ter Schure, Arnout Wang, Siyuan Volkamer, Rainer TI Mercury oxidation from bromine chemistry in the free troposphere over the southeastern US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS OXIDIZED MERCURY; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIRED POWER-PLANT; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DRY DEPOSITION; INSTRUMENT CHARACTERIZATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; BRO MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES AB The elevated deposition of atmospheric mercury over the southeastern United States is currently not well understood. Here we measure partial columns and vertical profiles of bromine monoxide (BrO) radicals, a key component of mercury oxidation chemistry, to better understand the processes and altitudes at which mercury is being oxidized in the atmosphere. We use data from a ground-based MAX-DOAS instrument located at a coastal site aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-1aEuro-km from the Gulf of Mexico in Gulf Breeze, FL, where we had previously detected tropospheric BrO (Coburn et al., 2011). Our profile retrieval assimilates information about stratospheric BrO from the WACCM chemical transport model (CTM), and uses only measurements at moderately low solar zenith angles (SZAs) to estimate the BrO slant column density contained in the reference spectrum (SCDRef). The approach has 2.6 degrees of freedom, and avoids spectroscopic complications that arise at high SZA; knowledge about SCDRef further helps to maximize sensitivity in the free troposphere (FT). A cloud-free case study day with low aerosol load (9 April 2010) provided optimal conditions for distinguishing marine boundary layer (MBL: 0-1aEuro-km) and free-tropospheric (FT: 1-15aEuro-km) BrO from the ground. The average daytime tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) of aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-2.3aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(13)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2) (SZAaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-70 degrees) is consistent with our earlier reports on other days. The vertical profile locates essentially all tropospheric BrO above 4aEuro-km, and shows no evidence for BrO inside the MBL (detection limitaEuro-aEuro parts per thousand < aEuro-0.5aEuro-pptv). BrO increases to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-3.5aEuro-pptv at 10-15aEuro-km altitude, consistent with recent aircraft observations. Our case study day is consistent with recent aircraft studies, in that the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) by bromine radicals to form gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) is the dominant pathway for GEM oxidation throughout the troposphere above Gulf Breeze. The column integral oxidation rates are about 3.6aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand xaEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1) for bromine, while the contribution from ozone (O-3) is 0.8aEuro-aEuro parts per thousand x aEuro-10(5)aEuro-molecaEuro-cm(-2)aEuro-s(-1). Chlorine-induced oxidation is estimated to add < aEuro-5aEuro-% to these mercury oxidation rates. The GOM formation rate is sensitive to recently proposed atmospheric scavenging reactions of the HgBr adduct by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to a lesser extent also HO2 radicals. Using a 3-D CTM, we find that surface GOM variations are also typical of other days, and are mainly derived from the FT. Bromine chemistry is active in the FT over Gulf Breeze, where it forms water-soluble GOM that is subsequently available for wet scavenging by thunderstorms or transport to the boundary layer. C1 [Coburn, Sean; Dix, Barbara; Wang, Siyuan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coburn, Sean; Wang, Siyuan; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edgerton, Eric] Atmospher Res & Anal ARA Inc, Plano, TX USA. [Holmes, Christopher D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kinnison, Douglas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Liang, Qing] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [ter Schure, Arnout] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Wang, Siyuan] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Holmes, Christopher/C-9956-2014 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Holmes, Christopher/0000-0002-2727-0954 FU NASA Earth and Space Science graduate fellowship; EPRI's Technology Innovation program [EP-P27450/C13049]; EPRI [EP-P32238/C14974]; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0847793, AGS-1104104]; CU Boulder startup funds FX Sean Coburn is the recipient of a NASA Earth and Space Science graduate fellowship. The CU MAX-DOAS instrument was developed with support from the EPRI's Technology Innovation program (EP-P27450/C13049). Financial support from EPRI (EP-P32238/C14974), US National Science Foundation (ATM-0847793, AGS-1104104), and CU Boulder startup funds is gratefully acknowledged. NR 92 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3743 EP 3760 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300005 ER PT J AU Crippa, M Janssens-Maenhout, G Dentener, F Guizzardi, D Sindelarova, K Muntean, M Van Dingenen, R Granier, C AF Crippa, Monica Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Dentener, Frank Guizzardi, Diego Sindelarova, Katerina Muntean, Marilena Van Dingenen, Rita Granier, Claire TI Forty years of improvements in European air quality: regional policy-industry interactions with global impacts SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; POLLUTANTS; MORTALITY; OZONE; GASES; TRANSPORT; SCENARIOS; EXPOSURE AB The EDGARv4.3.1 (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) global anthropogenic emissions inventory of gaseous (SO2, NOx, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds and NH3) and particulate (PM10, PM2.5, black and organic carbon) air pollutants for the period 1970-2010 is used to develop retrospective air pollution emissions scenarios to quantify the roles and contributions of changes in energy consumption and efficiency, technology progress and end-of-pipe emission reduction measures and their resulting impact on health and crop yields at European and global scale. The reference EDGARv4.3.1 emissions include observed and reported changes in activity data, fuel consumption and air pollution abatement technologies over the past 4aEuro-decades, combined with Tier 1 and region-specific Tier 2 emission factors. Two further retrospective scenarios assess the interplay of policy and industry. The highest emission STAG_TECH scenario assesses the impact of the technology and end-of-pipe reduction measures in the European Union, by considering historical fuel consumption, along with a stagnation of technology with constant emission factors since 1970, and assuming no further abatement measures and improvement imposed by European emission standards. The lowest emission STAG_ENERGY scenario evaluates the impact of increased fuel consumption by considering unchanged energy consumption since the year 1970, but assuming the technological development, end-of-pipe reductions, fuel mix and energy efficiency of 2010. Our scenario analysis focuses on the three most important and most regulated sectors (power generation, manufacturing industry and road transport), which are subject to multi-pollutant European Union Air Quality regulations. Stagnation of technology and air pollution reduction measures at 1970 levels would have led to 129aEuro-% (or factor 2.3) higher SO2, 71aEuro-% higher NOx and 69aEuro-% higher PM2.5 emissions in Europe (EU27), demonstrating the large role that technology has played in reducing emissions in 2010. However, stagnation of energy consumption at 1970 levels, but with 2010 fuel mix and energy efficiency, and assuming current (year 2010) technology and emission control standards, would have lowered today's NOx emissions by ca. 38aEuro-%, SO2 by 50aEuro-% and PM2.5 by 12aEuro-% in Europe. A reduced-form chemical transport model is applied to calculate regional and global levels of aerosol and ozone concentrations and to assess the associated impact of air quality improvements on human health and crop yield loss, showing substantial impacts of EU technologies and standards inside as well as outside Europe. We assess that the interplay of policy and technological advance in Europe had substantial benefits in Europe, but also led to an important improvement of particulate matter air quality in other parts of the world. C1 [Crippa, Monica; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Dentener, Frank; Guizzardi, Diego; Muntean, Marilena; Van Dingenen, Rita] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Sindelarova, Katerina; Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Granier, Claire] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Granier, Claire] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, Claire] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Sindelarova, Katerina] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Atmospher Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Crippa, M (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM monica.crippa@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU EU FP7 project PEGASOS FX The authors acknowledge support of the EU FP7 project PEGASOS and the valuable comments to the manuscript provided by S. Galmarini (JRC). The paper has greatly benefitted from the insights and suggestions provided by reviewer Rob Maas and an anonymous reviewer. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3825 EP 3841 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300008 ER PT J AU Woody, MC Baker, KR Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Koo, B Pye, HOT AF Woody, Matthew C. Baker, Kirk R. Hayes, Patrick L. Jimenez, Jose L. Koo, Bonyoung Pye, Havala O. T. TI Understanding sources of organic aerosol during CalNex-2010 using the CMAQ-VBS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; MEXICO-CITY; LOS-ANGELES; PARTICLE COMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; M-XYLENE; SECONDARY; EMISSIONS; OXIDATION AB Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations utilizing the traditional organic aerosol (OA) treatment (CMAQ-AE6) and a volatility basis set (VBS) treatment for OA (CMAQ-VBS) were evaluated against measurements collected at routine monitoring networks (Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)) and those collected during the 2010 California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field campaign to examine important sources of OA in southern California. Traditionally, CMAQ treats primary organic aerosol (POA) as nonvolatile and uses a two-product framework to represent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. CMAQ-VBS instead treats POA as semivolatile and lumps OA using volatility bins spaced an order of magnitude apart. The CMAQ-VBS approach underpredicted organic carbon (OC) at IMPROVE and CSN sites to a greater degree than CMAQ-AE6 due to the semivolatile POA treatment. However, comparisons to aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements collected at Pasadena, CA, indicated that CMAQ-VBS better represented the diurnal profile and primary/secondary split of OA. CMAQ-VBS SOA underpredicted the average measured AMS oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, a surrogate for SOA) concentration by a factor of 5.2, representing a considerable improvement to CMAQ-AE6 SOA predictions (factor of 24 lower than AMS). We use two new methods, one based on species ratios (SOA/Delta CO and SOA/O-x) and another on a simplified SOA parameterization, to apportion the SOA underprediction for CMAQ-VBS to slow photochemical oxidation (estimated as 1.5 x lower than observed at Pasadena using -log(NO(x)aEuro-:aEuro-NOy)), low intrinsic SOA formation efficiency (low by 1.6 to 2 x for Pasadena), and low emissions or excessive dispersion for the Pasadena site (estimated to be 1.6 to 2.3 x too low/excessive). The first and third factors are common to CMAQ-AE6, while the intrinsic SOA formation efficiency for that model is estimated to be too low by about 7 x . From source-apportioned model results, we found most of the CMAQ-VBS modeled POA at the Pasadena CalNex site was attributable to meat cooking emissions (48 %, consistent with a substantial fraction of cooking OA in the observations). This is compared to 18 % from gasoline vehicle emissions, 13 % from biomass burning (in the form of residential wood combustion), and 8 % from diesel vehicle emissions. All 'other' inventoried emission sources (e.g., industrial, point, and area sources) comprised the final 13 %. The CMAQ-VBS semivolatile POA treatment underpredicted AMS hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) + cooking-influenced OA (CIOA) at Pasadena by a factor of 1.8 compared to a factor of 1.4 overprediction of POA in CMAQ-AE6, but it did capture the AMS diurnal profile of HOA and CIOA well, with the exception of the midday peak. Overall, the CMAQ-VBS with its semivolatile treatment of POA, SOA from intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), and aging of SOA improves SOA model performance (though SOA formation efficiency is still 1.6-2 x too low). However, continued efforts are needed to better understand assumptions in the parameterization (e.g., SOA aging) and provide additional certainty to how best to apply existing emission inventories in a framework that treats POA as semivolatile, which currently degrades existing model performance at routine monitoring networks. The VBS and other approaches (e.g., AE6) require additional work to appropriately incorporate IVOC emissions and subsequent SOA formation. C1 [Woody, Matthew C.; Baker, Kirk R.; Pye, Havala O. T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koo, Bonyoung] Ramboll Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA USA. RP Pye, HOT (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pye.havala@epa.gov RI Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 FU US Department of Energy; EPA; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; [CARB 11-305] FX The authors would like to acknowledge John Offenberg of the US EPA and Allan Biedler, Chris Allen, and James Beilder of CSC for their contributions to this work. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. Patrick L. Hayes and Jose L. Jimenez were partially supported by CARB 11-305 and DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 4081 EP 4100 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300021 ER PT J AU Berchet, A Bousquet, P Pison, I Locatelli, R Chevallier, F Paris, JD Dlugokencky, EJ Laurila, T Hatakka, J Viisanen, Y Worthy, DEJ Nisbet, E Fisher, R France, J Lowry, D Ivakhov, V Hermansen, O AF Berchet, Antoine Bousquet, Philippe Pison, Isabelle Locatelli, Robin Chevallier, Frederic Paris, Jean-Daniel Dlugokencky, Ed J. Laurila, Tuomas Hatakka, Juha Viisanen, Yrjo Worthy, Doug E. J. Nisbet, Euan Fisher, Rebecca France, James Lowry, David Ivakhov, Viktor Hermansen, Ove TI Atmospheric constraints on the methane emissions from the East Siberian Shelf SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; PEATLANDS; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; CARBON; GASES AB Subsea permafrost and hydrates in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) constitute a substantial carbon pool, and a potentially large source of methane to the atmosphere. Previous studies based on interpolated oceanographic campaigns estimated atmospheric emissions from this area at 8-17 TgCH(4) yr(-1). Here, we propose insights based on atmospheric observations to evaluate these estimates. The comparison of high-resolution simulations of atmospheric methane mole fractions to continuous methane observations during the whole year 2012 confirms the high variability and heterogeneity of the methane releases from ESAS. A reference scenario with ESAS emissions of 8 TgCH(4) yr(-1), in the lower part of previously estimated emissions, is found to largely overestimate atmospheric observations in winter, likely related to overestimated methane leakage through sea ice. In contrast, in summer, simulations are more consistent with observations. Based on a comprehensive statistical analysis of the observations and of the simulations, annual methane emissions from ESAS are estimated to range from 0.0 to 4.5 TgCH(4) yr(-1). Isotopic observations suggest a biogenic origin (either terrestrial or marine) of the methane in air masses originating from ESAS during late summer 2008 and 2009. C1 [Berchet, Antoine; Bousquet, Philippe; Pison, Isabelle; Locatelli, Robin; Chevallier, Frederic; Paris, Jean-Daniel] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dlugokencky, Ed J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Laurila, Tuomas; Hatakka, Juha; Viisanen, Yrjo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate & Global Change Res, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Worthy, Doug E. J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nisbet, Euan; Fisher, Rebecca; France, James; Lowry, David] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Royal Holloway, Egham, Surrey, England. [Ivakhov, Viktor] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Hermansen, Ove] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Berchet, Antoine] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Berchet, A (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.; Berchet, A (reprint author), Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM antoine.berchet@empa.ch OI Berchet, Antoine/0000-0001-6709-0125; Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0002-9262-5467 FU CEA; ANR-CLIMSLIP project; iZomet Franco-Swedish project FX We thank the principal investigator from the observation sites we used for maintaining methane measurements at high latitudes and sharing their data. We are grateful to the anonymous referees for their valuable comments which led to a substantial improvement in the presentation of the paper. We also thank Patrick Crill (Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University) for his kind advice and remarks on the manuscript and F. Marabelle (LSCE) and the LSCE IT team for the computer resources. This study was supported by the CEA, ANR-CLIMSLIP project, and iZomet Franco-Swedish project. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 4147 EP 4157 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VG UT WOS:000374702300025 ER PT J AU Song, CL Liu, HM Jiao, JJ Bai, DJ Zhou, W Yildirim, T He, YB AF Song, Chengling Liu, Huimin Jiao, Jingjing Bai, Dongjie Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner He, Yabing TI High methane storage and working capacities in a NbO-type metal-organic framework SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID GAS-UPTAKE CAPACITY; CURRENT RECORDS; BUILDING UNITS; CH4 STORAGE; SITES; DESIGN; CAGES; MOFS; CO2 AB To improve methane adsorption by pore structure optimization, we developed a new organic linker and used it to construct a NbO-type metal-organic framework ZJNU-53 that, after activation, exhibits exceptionally high methane storage and working capacities of 241 and 190 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 298 K and 65 bar, respectively, if the packing loss is not considered, which are among the highest reported for MOF materials. C1 [Song, Chengling; Liu, Huimin; Jiao, Jingjing; Bai, Dongjie; He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP He, YB (reprint author), Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. EM heyabing@zjnu.cn RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21301156]; Qianjiang talents project in Zhejiang province [ZC304015017] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 21301156) and the Qianjiang talents project in Zhejiang province (ZC304015017). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 18 BP 7559 EP 7562 DI 10.1039/c5dt05045f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DL5PN UT WOS:000375689300004 PM 27083013 ER PT J AU Kolias, C Stavrou, A Voas, J Bojanova, I Kuhn, R AF Kolias, Constantinos Stavrou, Angelos Voas, Jeffrey Bojanova, Irena Kuhn, Richard TI Learning Internet-of-Things Security "Hands-On" SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 [Kolias, Constantinos] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Stavrou, Angelos] George Mason Univ, Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Stavrou, Angelos] George Mason Univ, Ctr Assurance Res & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Voas, Jeffrey; Bojanova, Irena; Kuhn, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kolias, C (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Stavrou, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Stavrou, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Assurance Res & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; Voas, J; Bojanova, I; Kuhn, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kkolias@gmu.edu; astavrou@gmu.edu; j.voas@ieee.org; irena.bojanova@computer.org; kuhn@nist.gov RI Stavrou, Angelos/P-6987-2016 OI Stavrou, Angelos/0000-0001-9888-0592 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 14 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA DJ9SK UT WOS:000374553000006 ER PT J AU Zhou, XQ Borg, CKH Lynn, JW Saha, SR Paglione, J Rodriguez, EE AF Zhou, Xiuquan Borg, Christopher K. H. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Saha, Shanta R. Paglione, Johnpierre Rodriguez, Efrain E. TI The preparation and phase diagrams of ((Li1-xFexOD)-Li-7)FeSe and (Li1-xFexOH)FeSe superconductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAYER FESE FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; X-RAY; IRON; COEXISTENCE AB We report the phase diagram for the superconducting system ((Li1-xFexOD)-Li-7)FeSe and contrast it with that of (Li1-xFexOH)FeSe both in single crystal and powder forms. Samples were prepared via hydrothermal methods and characterized by laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, high-resolution neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and high intensity NPD. We find a correlation between the tetragonality of the unit cell parameters and the critical temperature, T-c, which is indicative of the effects of charge doping on the lattice and formation of iron vacancies in the FeSe layer. We observe no appreciable isotope effect on the maximum T-c in substituting H by D. The NPD measurements definitively rule out an antiferromagnetic ordering in the non-superconducting (Li1-xFexOD)FeSe samples below 120 K, which has been reported in non-superconducting (Li1-xFexOH)FeSe. A likely explanation for the observed antiferromagnetic transition in (Li1-xFexOH)FeSe samples is the formation of impurities during their preparation such as Fe3O4 and LixFeO2, which express a charge ordering transition known as the Verwey transition near 120 K. The concentration of these oxide impurities is found to be dependent on the concentration of the lithium hydroxide reagent and the use of H2O vs. D2O as the solvent during synthesis. We also describe the reaction conditions that lead to some of our superconducting samples to exhibit ferromagnetism below T-c. C1 [Zhou, Xiuquan; Borg, Christopher K. H.; Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Saha, Shanta R.; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM efrain@umd.edu FU NSF [DMR-1455118]; AFOSR [FA9550-14-10332]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research at the University of Maryland was supported by the NSF Career DMR-1455118 and the AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-14-10332. We acknowledge the support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank S. Lapidus for his assistance with the 11-BM measurements. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2016 VL 4 IS 18 BP 3934 EP 3941 DI 10.1039/c5tc04041h PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DL5RQ UT WOS:000375694900005 ER PT J AU Dixson, RG Guthrie, WF Allen, RA Orji, NG Cresswell, MW Murabito, CE AF Dixson, Ronald G. Guthrie, William F. Allen, Richard A. Orji, Ndubuisi G. Cresswell, Michael W. Murabito, Christine E. TI Process optimization for lattice-selective wet etching of crystalline silicon structures SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE lattice-selective etching; crystalline silicon etching; critical dimension atomic force microscope; metrology; critical dimension; linewidth; single crystal critical dimension reference material; standards; calibration ID ACCELEROMETER; FABRICATION AB Lattice-selective etching of silicon is used in a number of applications, but it is particularly valuable in those for which the lattice-defined sidewall angle can be beneficial to the functional goals. A relatively small but important niche application is the fabrication of tip characterization standards for critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs). CD-AFMs are commonly used as reference tools for linewidth metrology in semiconductor manufacturing. Accurate linewidth metrology using CD-AFM, however, is critically dependent upon calibration of the tip width. Two national metrology institutes and at least two commercial vendors have explored the development of tip calibration standards using lattice-selective etching of crystalline silicon. The National Institute of Standards and Technology standard of this type is called the single crystal critical dimension reference material. These specimens, which are fabricated using a lattice-plane-selective etch on (110) silicon, exhibit near vertical sidewalls and high uniformity and can be used to calibrate CD-AFM tip width to a standard uncertainty of less than 1 nm. During the different generations of this project, we evaluated variations of the starting material and process conditions. Some of our starting materials required a large etch bias to achieve the desired linewidths. During the optimization experiment described in this paper, we found that for potassium hydroxide etching of the silicon features, it was possible to independently tune the target linewidth and minimize the linewidth nonuniformity. Consequently, this process is particularly well suited for small-batch fabrication of CD-AFM linewidth standards. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Dixson, Ronald G.; Guthrie, William F.; Allen, Richard A.; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Cresswell, Michael W.; Murabito, Christine E.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, RG (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.dixson@nist.gov FU Engineering Physics Division of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML) FX This work was supported by the Engineering Physics Division of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML). Certain commercial equipment is identified in this paper to adequately describe the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 AR 014503 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.15.1.014503 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA DJ9NN UT WOS:000374540300020 ER PT J AU Dixson, RG Orji, NG Goldband, RS AF Dixson, Ronald G. Orji, Ndubuisi G. Goldband, Ryan S. TI Lateral tip control effects in critical dimension atomic force microscope metrology: the large tip limit SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE critical dimension atomic force microscope; dither; metrology; critical dimension; linewidth; tip width; calibration AB Sidewall sensing in critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs) usually involves continuous lateral dithering of the tip or the use of a control algorithm and fast response piezoactuator to position the tip in a manner that resembles touch-triggering of coordinate measuring machine probes. All methods of tip position control, however, induce an effective tip width that may deviate from the actual geometrical tip width. Understanding the influence and dependence of the effective tip width on the dither settings and lateral stiffness of the tip can improve the measurement accuracy and uncertainty estimation for CD-AFM measurements. Since CD-AFM typically uses tips that range from 15 to 850 nm in geometrical width, the behavior of effective tip width throughout this range should be understood. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been investigating the dependence of effective tip width on the dither settings and lateral stiffness of the tip, as well as the possibility of material effects due to sample composition. For tip widths of 130 nm and lower, which also have lower lateral stiffness, the response of the effective tip width to lateral dither is greater than for larger tips. However, we have concluded that these effects will not generally result in a residual bias, provided that the tip calibration and sample measurement are performed under the same conditions. To confirm that our prior conclusions about the dependence of effective tip width on lateral stiffness are valid for large CD tips, we recently performed experiments using a very large non-CD tip with an etched plateau of similar to 2-mu SPIEm width. The effective lateral stiffness of these tips is at least 20 times greater than typical CD-AFM tips, and these results supported our prior conclusions about the expected behavior for larger tips. The bottom-line importance of these latest observations is that we can now reasonably conclude that a dither slope of 3 nm/V is the baseline response due to the induced motion of the cantilever base. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Dixson, Ronald G.; Orji, Ndubuisi G.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldband, Ryan S.] SUNY Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Pkwy East, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Dixson, RG (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronald.dixson@nist.gov FU Engineering Physics Division (EPD) of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML); NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program FX This work was supported by the Engineering Physics Division (EPD) of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML). Ryan Goldband was supported by the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program. The authors thank Gordie Shaw of the NIST Quantum Measurement Division for very helpful comments on this paper and our analysis. We also thank Sean Hand, Eric Cottrell, Jim Teevan, and Richard Crook of Bruker-Nano, Ltd. for field service on the Insight3D. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 AR 014003 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.15.1.014003 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA DJ9NN UT WOS:000374540300016 ER PT J AU Sunday, DF List, S Chawla, JS Kline, RJ AF Sunday, Daniel F. List, Scott Chawla, Jasmeet S. Kline, R. Joseph TI Evaluation of the effect of data quality on the profile uncertainty of critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE x-ray scattering; synchrotron radiation; metrology ID INVERSE PROBLEMS; METROLOGY AB A line grating prepared via a self-aligned quadruple patterning method was measured using critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering. A Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm was used to analyze the uncertainty of the model fit over subsets of the full angular range and for a time series with decreasing signal-to-noise in order to determine the effect of the data quality on the final profile shape uncertainty. These results show how the total measurement time can be reduced while maintaining satisfactory profile shape uncertainty. We found that the typical measurement conditions are highly oversampled and can be reduced considerably with only marginal effect on the shape uncertainty. A comparison is made between the synchrotron measurements and a laboratory system, demonstrating that both measurements result in similar structures. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Sunday, Daniel F.; Kline, R. Joseph] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [List, Scott; Chawla, Jasmeet S.] Intel Corp, Components Res Div, 2501 NW 229th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Kline, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM r.kline@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; Northwestern University; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company, and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Steven Weigand and Denis Keane for assistance at sector 5-ID-D. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.15.1.014001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA DJ9NN UT WOS:000374540300014 ER PT J AU Patra, PK Saeki, T Dlugokencky, EJ Ishijima, K Umezawa, T Ito, A Aoki, S Morimoto, S Kort, EA Crotwell, A AF Patra, Prabir K. Saeki, Tazu Dlugokencky, Edward J. Ishijima, Kentaro Umezawa, Taku Ito, Akihiko Aoki, Shuji Morimoto, Shinji Kort, Eric A. Crotwell, Andrew TI Regional Methane Emission Estimation Based on Observed Atmospheric Concentrations (2002-2012) SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE global and regional methane budget; chemistry-transport model; inverse model ID EDDY COVARIANCE; MOLE FRACTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CH4; CO2; VARIABILITY; SCIAMACHY; CHINA; MODEL; SINKS AB Methane (CH4) plays important roles in atmospheric chemistry and short-term forcing of climate. A clear understanding of atmospheric CH4's budget of emissions and losses is required to aid sustainable management of Earth's future environment. We used an atmospheric chemistry-transport model (JAMSTEC's ACTM) for simulating atmospheric CH4. A global inverse modeling system has been developed for estimating CH4 emissions from 53 land regions for 2002-2012 using measurements at 39 sites. An ensemble of 7 inversions is performed by varying a priori emissions. Global net CH4 emissions varied between 505-509 and 524-545 Tg yr(-1) during 2002-2006 and 2008-2012, respectively (ranges based on 7 inversion cases), with a step like increase in 2007 in agreement with atmospheric measurements. The inversion system did not account for interannual variations in OH radicals reacting with CH4 in the atmosphere. Our results suggest that the recent update of the EDGAR inventory (version 4.2FT2010) overestimated the global total emissions by at least 25 Tg yr(-1) in 2010. The increase in CH4 emission since 2004 originated in the tropical and southern hemisphere regions, coinciding with an increase in non-dairy cattle stocks by similar to 10 % from 2002 (with 1056 million heads) to 2012, leading to similar to 10 Tg yr(-1) increase in emissions from enteric fermentation. All 7 ensemble cases robustly estimated the interannual variations in emissions, but poorly constrained the seasonal cycle amplitude or phase consistently for all regions due to the sparse observational network. Forward simulation results using both a priori and a posteriori emissions are compared with independent aircraft measurements for validation. Based on the results of the comparison, we reject the upper limit (545 Tg yr(-1)) of global total emissions as 14 Tg yr(-1) too high during 2008-2012, which allows us to further conclude that the increase in CH4 emissions over the East Asia (mainly China) region was 7-8 Tg yr(-1) between the 2002-2006 and 2008-2012 periods, contrary to 1-17 Tg yr(-1) in the a priori emissions. C1 [Patra, Prabir K.; Saeki, Tazu; Ishijima, Kentaro; Ito, Akihiko] JAMSTEC, Dept Environm Geochem Cycle Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Patra, Prabir K.; Aoki, Shuji; Morimoto, Shinji] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, CAOS, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Crotwell, Andrew] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Denver, CO USA. [Umezawa, Taku; Ito, Akihiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Crotwell, Andrew] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Patra, PK (reprint author), JAMSTEC, DEGCR, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM prabir@jamstec.go.jp RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389 FU JSPS/KAKENHI Kiban-A [22241008]; MEXT [5]; MoE Environment Research and Technology Development Fund [2-1401] FX This work is supported by JSPS/KAKENHI Kiban-A (grant#22241008), MEXT Arctic GRENE (ID 5) and MoE Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-1401). We acknowledge the support of personnel working at the experimental sites and those supporting the model development. All the model results (input and output) as well as the data used in plotting are available unconditionally from the lead author, and measurements are available from http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/wdcgg and http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/ftpdata.html for scientific use with reciprocity agreement. We thank both the reviewers NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 9 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PY 2016 VL 94 IS 1 BP 91 EP 113 DI 10.2151/jmsj.2016-006 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL7EN UT WOS:000375803400007 ER PT J AU Sabal, M Hayes, S Merz, J Setka, J AF Sabal, Megan Hayes, Sean Merz, Joseph Setka, Jose TI Habitat Alterations and a Nonnative Predator, the Striped Bass, Increase Native Chinook Salmon Mortality in the Central Valley, California SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MIGRATING JUVENILE SALMONIDS; JOAQUIN RIVER DELTA; COLUMBIA RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; GLOBAL CHANGE; FISHES; SURVIVAL; CONSUMPTION; DAM; TEMPERATURE AB Anthropogenic stressors are the leading causes of species and biodiversity declines, driving wide-scale ecosystem changes. Additionally, synergistic effects of multiple anthropogenic modifications, including species introductions and habitat alterations, can have complex outcomes for native species. We assessed how a nonnative predator (the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis) and habitat alterations (a small diversion dam and other altered habitats) interacted to influence mortality of native juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during their emigration from the lower Mokelumne River, California. Relative abundance and diet surveys across natural and human-altered habitats were used to assess Striped Bass functional and aggregative responses. Per capita consumption (PCC) of juvenile salmon and behavioral aggregation (CPUE) by Striped Bass at a small diversion dam (Woodbridge Irrigation District Dam [WIDD]) were elevated in comparison with those at other altered and natural habitats (WIDD: PCC = 3.54 juvenile salmon, CPUE = 0.189 Striped Bass/s of electrofishing; other altered habitats: PCC = 0 juvenile salmon, CPUE = 0.0024 Striped Bass/s; natural habitats: PCC = not estimable, CPUE = 0.0003 Striped Bass/s). Increased aggregative and functional predator responses created a localized area of heightened predation at WIDD. At this predation hot spot, we used three approaches (experimental Striped Bass removals, diet energetic analysis, and before-after impact assessment) to estimate Striped Bass consumption at 8-29% of the emigrating juvenile salmon population. Striped Bass PCC rates for juvenile salmon as determined by the three approaches were 0.92% (predator removals), 0.71-1.20% (diet energetic analysis), and 0.96-1.11% (before-after impact assessment). Our results (1) illustrate how the synergistic effect of habitat modification and a nonnative predator can exacerbate the mortality of native juvenile salmon during their emigration and (2) highlight the importance of considering interactions among stressors when planning local management strategies and assessing population-level impacts on salmon. C1 [Sabal, Megan; Merz, Joseph] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Merz, Joseph] Cramer Fish Sci, 13300 New Airport Rd,Suite 102, Auburn, CA 95602 USA. [Setka, Jose] East Bay Municipal Util Dist, 500 San Pablo Dam Rd, Orinda, CA 94563 USA. RP Sabal, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM megan.sabal@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries FX We thank our collaborators at EBMUD, especially C. Del Real and R. Bilski, whose generosity in providing field assistance, data, and resources was instrumental to the success of this project. We are also grateful to the many volunteers who assisted in the field. Comments from two anonymous reviewers were valuable and greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. We thank National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries for funding this project. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1121938 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000010 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Muse, B Waters, EC AF Seung, Chang K. Muse, Ben Waters, Edward C. TI Net Economic Impacts of Recent Alaska Salmon Fishery Failures and Federal Relief SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX; INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; AGRICULTURE AB Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha runs in several areas of Alaska have recently fallen well below expected levels. Using a social accounting matrix (SAM) model, this study calculated the net regional impacts on employment and income of the commercial salmon fishery failures stemming from these small runs, taking into account the effects of the federal fishery disaster funds received by commercial fishermen. The results indicate that federal relief funds reduced the adverse economic impacts but that the distribution of these funds to permit owners alone was not sufficient to compensate for the losses by other stakeholders. This study also shows that a SAM-type model is useful for policymakers in deciding how federal funds should be distributed among the various stakeholders affected by fishery failures. C1 [Seung, Chang K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Muse, Ben] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, 709 West 9th St,Room 420, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chang.seung@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2016 VL 36 IS 2 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1080/02755947.2015.1120831 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ9WW UT WOS:000374565000014 ER PT J AU Hatch, HW Yang, SY Mittal, J Shen, VK AF Hatch, Harold W. Yang, Seung-Yeob Mittal, Jeetain Shen, Vincent K. TI Self-assembly of trimer colloids: effect of shape and interaction range SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID NUCLEATION; BIAS MONTE-CARLO; PHASE-SEPARATION; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; SIMULATION; MODEL; PARTICLES; SYSTEMS; STATES; MICELLIZATION AB Trimers with one attractive bead and two repulsive beads, similar to recently synthesized trimer patchy colloids, were simulated with flat-histogram Monte Carlo methods to obtain the stable self-assembled structures for different shapes and interaction potentials. Extended corresponding states principle was successfully applied to self-assembling systems in order to approximately collapse the results for models with the same shape, but different interaction range. This helps us directly compare simulation results with previous experiment, and good agreement was found between the two. In addition, a variety of self-assembled structures were observed by varying the trimer geometry, including spherical clusters, elongated clusters, monolayers, and spherical shells. In conclusion, our results help to compare simulations and experiments, via extended corresponding states, and we predict the formation of self-assembled structures for trimer shapes that have not been experimentally synthesized. C1 [Hatch, Harold W.; Yang, Seung-Yeob; Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Chem Informat Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mittal, Jeetain] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Hatch, HW (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Chem Informat Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM harold.hatch@nist.gov; jeetain@lehigh.edu FU National Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0013979]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [TG-MCB-120014] FX H. W. H. acknowledges support from a National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J. M. acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under Award (DE-SC0013979). Use of the high-performance computing capabilities of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant no. TG-MCB-120014, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 18 BP 4170 EP 4179 DI 10.1039/c6sm00473c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DL7DO UT WOS:000375800500012 PM 27087490 ER PT J AU Ho, DT Wanninkhof, R AF Ho, David T. Wanninkhof, Rik TI Air-sea gas exchange in the North Atlantic: He-3/SF6 experiment during GasEx-98 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE air-sea gas exchange; He-3/SF6 dual tracer technique; North Atlantic ID WIND-SPEED; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; OCEAN; TRACER; FLUXES; PARAMETERIZATION; RATES; EDDY AB GasEx-98 was the first open-ocean process study where gas transfer velocity measurements were made with several robust techniques, including airside eddy covariance of CO2 and deliberate injection of He-3 and SF6. While the CO2 eddy covariance results have been fully analysed and publicised, leading to a boom in the use of this technique in the marine environment, the He-3/SF6 results have not received the same level of analysis. Here, based on new approaches that we have developed to analyse He-3/SF6 data in the subsequent years, we revisit the He-3/SF6 dual tracer results from GasEx-98 and show that they are consistent with the results from other parts of the coastal and open ocean, and that they are in agreement with current parameterisations between wind speed and gas exchange for slightly soluble gases over the ocean at intermediate wind speeds. C1 [Ho, David T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ho, DT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM david.ho@hawaii.edu FU NOAA Global Carbon Cycle program [NA96GP0201] FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown for their help during the experiment, J. Edson for providing the wind speed data, P. Schlosser for measuring the 3He samples. Funding for GasEx-98 was provided by the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle program (Grant NA96GP0201). All data used in the analysis here can be found at: < http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/gasex98/>. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2016 VL 68 AR 30198 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v68.30198 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL8FM UT WOS:000375876200001 ER PT J AU Hobbins, MT AF Hobbins, M. T. TI THE VARIABILITY OF ASCE STANDARDIZED REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: A RIGOROUS, CONUS-WIDE DECOMPOSITION AND ATTRIBUTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Attribution; Reference evapotranspiration; Uncertainty; Variability ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSES; EVAPORATION; EQUATION; WATER; MODEL AB To fully attribute the variability of reference evapotranspiration to its drivers, a mean-value, second-moment uncertainty analysis is applied to a 30-year, CONUS-wide reanalysis of daily and annual tall-crop reference evapotranspiration as estimated by the ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation driven by four variables from the North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS-2) reanalysis: temperature, specific humidity, wind speed, and downward shortwave radiation. The attribution methodology accounts for both the sensitivity of reference evapotranspiration to its drivers and their observed variabilities, and it permits the decomposition of reference evapotranspiration variability across CONUS at various timescales into contributions from each driver. An analytically derived expression of the sensitivity of daily ASCE Standardized Reference ET to each of the drivers is provided and mapped. Contrary to the assumption of much hydrologic practice, temperature is neither always nor everywhere the most significant driver of temporal variability in reference evapotranspiration. Instead, depending on regional hydroclimatology, season, and timescale, different drivers dominate; in fact, in many regions, temperature-based parameterizations should be avoided at all timescales. C1 [Hobbins, M. T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hobbins, M. T.] NOAA ESRL PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hobbins, MT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Hobbins, MT (reprint author), NOAA ESRL PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mike.hobbins@noaa.gov FU National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS); USAID [AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006]; NOAA [AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006] FX The NLDAS-2 data used were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. The author was supported by the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and Inter-Agency Agreement No. AID-FFP-P-10-00002/006 between USAID and NOAA for support to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PY 2016 VL 59 IS 2 BP 561 EP 576 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA DK2OU UT WOS:000374755100018 ER PT J AU Krasnopolsky, V Nadiga, S Mehra, A Bayler, E Behringer, D AF Krasnopolsky, Vladimir Nadiga, Sudhir Mehra, Avichal Bayler, Eric Behringer, David TI Neural Networks Technique for Filling Gaps in Satellite Measurements: Application to Ocean Color Observations SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECORD AB A neural network (NN) technique to fill gaps in satellite data is introduced, linking satellite-derived fields of interest with other satellites and in situ physical observations. Satellite-derived "ocean color" (OC) data are used in this study because OC variability is primarily driven by biological processes related and correlated in complex, nonlinear relationships with the physical processes of the upper ocean. Specifically, ocean color chlorophyll-a fields from NOAA's operational Visible Imaging Infrared Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) are used, as well as NOAA and NASA ocean surface and upper-ocean observations employed-signatures of upper-ocean dynamics. An NN transfer function is trained, using global data for two years (2012 and 2013), and tested on independent data for 2014. To reduce the impact of noise in the data and to calculate a stable NN Jacobian for sensitivity studies, an ensemble of NNs with different weights is constructed and compared with a single NN. The impact of the NN training period on the NN's generalization ability is evaluated. The NN technique provides an accurate and computationally cheap method for filling in gaps in satellite ocean color observation fields and time series. C1 [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir; Nadiga, Sudhir; Mehra, Avichal; Bayler, Eric; Behringer, David] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Krasnopolsky, V (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM vladimir.krasnopolsky@noaa.gov RI Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310 FU NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program FX This research was supported by NOAA Product Development, Readiness, and Application (PDRA)/Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 1687-5265 EI 1687-5273 J9 COMPUT INTEL NEUROSC JI Comput. Intell. Neurosci. PY 2016 AR 6156513 DI 10.1155/2016/6156513 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Neurosciences SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA DB9FW UT WOS:000368822800001 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Attwood, AR Flores, JM Zarzana, KJ Rudich, Y Brown, SS AF Washenfelder, R. A. Attwood, A. R. Flores, J. M. Zarzana, K. J. Rudich, Y. Brown, S. S. TI Broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region for measurements of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; ATMOSPHERIC FORMALDEHYDE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AIR-QUALITY; LOS-ANGELES; SPECTROMETER AB Formaldehyde (CH2O) is the most abundant aldehyde in the atmosphere, and it strongly affects photochemistry through its photolysis. We describe simultaneous measurements of CH2O and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region. The light source consists of a continuous-wave diode laser focused into a Xenon bulb to produce a plasma that emits high-intensity, broadband light. The plasma discharge is optically filtered and coupled into a 1m optical cavity. The reflectivity of the cavity mirrors is 0.99930 +/- 0.00003 (1 - reflectivity D 700 ppm loss) at 338 nm, as determined from the known Rayleigh scattering of He and zero air. This mirror reflectivity corresponds to an effective path length of 1.43 km within the 1m cell. We measure the cavity output over the 315-350 nm spectral region using a grating monochromator and charge-coupled device array detector. We use published reference spectra with spectral fitting software to simultaneously retrieve CH2O and NO2 concentrations. Independent measurements of NO2 standard additions by broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and cavity ring-down spectroscopy agree within 2% (slope for linear fit = 1.02 +/- 0.03 with r(2) = 0.998). Standard additions of CH2O measured by broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and calculated based on flow dilution are also well correlated, with r(2) = 0.9998. During constant mixed additions of NO2 and CH2O, the 30 s measurement precisions (1 sigma) of the cur-rent configuration were 140 and 210 pptv, respectively. The current 1 min detection limit for extinction measurements at 315-350 nm provides sufficient sensitivity for measurement of trace gases in laboratory experiments and ground-based field experiments. Additionally, the instrument provides highly accurate, spectroscopically based trace gas detection that may complement higher precision techniques based on non-absolute detection methods. In addition to trace gases, this approach will be appropriate for measurements of aerosol extinction in ambient air, and this spectral region is important for characterizing the strong ultraviolet absorption by brown carbon aerosol. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Attwood, A. R.; Zarzana, K. J.; Brown, S. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Attwood, A. R.; Zarzana, K. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Flores, J. M.; Rudich, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Attwood, A. R.] Horiba Sci, Edison, NJ USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Zarzana, Kyle/N-4714-2014; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Zarzana, Kyle/0000-0003-1581-6419; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program; USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2012013]; Grand Center at the Weizmann Institute; Dollond Charitable Trust FX We thank Max McGillen for preparation of formaldehyde samples. We thank Andrew Langford for technical discussions. We thank Ryan Thalman and three anonymous reviewers for their discussion comments. R. A. Washenfelder, A. R. Attwood, and S. S. Brown acknowledge financial support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. This research was supported by research grants from the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) grant no. 2012013. Y. Rudich acknowledges support from the Grand Center at the Weizmann Institute and the Dollond Charitable Trust. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.5194/amt-9-41-2016 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MI UT WOS:000375610500004 ER PT J AU Weigel, K Rozanov, A Azam, F Bramstedt, K Damadeo, R Eichmann, KU Gebhardt, C Hurst, D Kraemer, M Lossow, S Read, W Spelten, N Stiller, GP Walker, KA Weber, M Bovensmann, H Burrows, JP AF Weigel, K. Rozanov, A. Azam, F. Bramstedt, K. Damadeo, R. Eichmann, K. -U. Gebhardt, C. Hurst, D. Kraemer, M. Lossow, S. Read, W. Spelten, N. Stiller, G. P. Walker, K. A. Weber, M. Bovensmann, H. Burrows, J. P. TI UTLS water vapour from SCIAMACHY limb measurements V3.01 (2002-2012) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE UTLS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRAL REGION; SATELLITE DATA; SAGE II; VALIDATION; RETRIEVAL; MIPAS AB The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observation geometries. The limb viewing geometry allows the retrieval of water vapour at about 10-25 km height from the near-infrared spectral range (1353-1410 nm). These data cover the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), a region in the atmosphere which is of special interest for a variety of dynamical and chemical processes as well as for the radiative forcing. Here, the latest data version of water vapour (V3.01) from SCIAMACHY limb measurements is presented and validated by comparisons with data sets from other satellite and in situ measurements. Considering retrieval tests and the results of these comparisons, the V3.01 data are reliable from about 11 to 23 km and the best results are found in the middle of the profiles between about 14 and 20 km. Above 20 km in the extra tropics V3.01 is drier than all other data sets. Additionally, for altitudes above about 19 km, the vertical resolution of the retrieved profile is not sufficient to resolve signals with a short vertical structure like the tape recorder. Below 14 km, SCIAMACHY water vapour V3.01 is wetter than most col-located data sets, but the high variability of water vapour in the troposphere complicates the comparison. For 14-20 km height, the expected errors from the retrieval and simulations and the mean differences to collocated data sets are usually smaller than 10% when the resolution of the SCIAMACHY data is taken into account. In general, the temporal changes agree well with collocated data sets except for the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, where larger differences are observed. This indicates a possible drift in V3.01 most probably caused by the incomplete treatment of volcanic aerosols in the retrieval. In all other regions a good temporal stability is shown. In the tropical stratosphere an increase in water vapour is found between 2002 and 2012, which is in agreement with other satellite data sets for overlapping time periods. C1 [Weigel, K.; Rozanov, A.; Azam, F.; Bramstedt, K.; Eichmann, K. -U.; Gebhardt, C.; Weber, M.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J. P.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Damadeo, R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hurst, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kraemer, M.; Spelten, N.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Lossow, S.; Stiller, G. P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Read, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gebhardt, C.] Earth Observat Ctr, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV DLR, Bremen, Germany. RP Weigel, K (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM weigel@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de RI Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Bovensmann, Heinrich/P-4135-2016; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Bovensmann, Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 FU DFG [FOR 1095, GZ WE 3647/3-1]; ESA Project SPIN (ESA SPARC Initiative); DLR Space Agency (Germany) [50EE0727]; SADOS (SCIAMACHY algorithm development and operations support), European Commission EC SCOUT-O3; University and State of Bremen; SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group Project (ESA); Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work has been supported by the DFG Research Unit FOR 1095 "Stratospheric Change and its role for Climate Prediction (SHARP)" (Project: GZ WE 3647/3-1; www.fu-berlin.de/sharp/) and the ESA Project SPIN (ESA SPARC Initiative). This study has been funded by the DLR Space Agency (Germany), grant 50EE0727, and SADOS (SCIAMACHY algorithm development and operations support), European Commission EC SCOUT-O3, by the University and State of Bremen, and by the SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group Project (ESA). Some data shown here were calculated on the German HLRN (High-Performance Computer Center North). We are thankful to the ECMWF for providing pressure, temperature, and surface elevation information and to the authors of the thread-safe FORTRAN library GALAHAD. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We thank Sam Oltmans and Dale F. Hurst (NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division) for providing NOAA FPH profile data. Our gratitude also goes to the HALOE science and data processing teams for providing the profiles used in this study. We thank the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for providing MIPAS water vapour data based on the scientific IMK/IAA processor. The MLS data used in this research were produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Further thanks go to the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) for providing SAGE II data. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 133 EP 158 DI 10.5194/amt-9-133-2016 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MI UT WOS:000375610500011 ER PT J AU Tarasick, DW Davies, J Smit, HGJ Oltmans, SJ AF Tarasick, D. W. Davies, J. Smit, H. G. J. Oltmans, S. J. TI A re-evaluated Canadian ozonesonde record: measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone over Canada from 1966 to 2013 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN BREWER-MAST; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ECC OZONESONDE; INTERCOMPARISON CAMPAIGN; ELECTROCHEMICAL SONDES; VAISALA RADIOSONDES; BACKGROUND CURRENT; CATHODE SOLUTIONS; PH 7.0; STOICHIOMETRY AB In Canada routine ozone soundings have been carried at Resolute Bay since 1966, making this record the longest in the world. Similar measurements started in the 1970s at three other sites, and the network was expanded in stages to 10 sites by 2003. This important record for understanding long-term changes in tropospheric and stratospheric ozone has been re-evaluated as part of the SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O-3/NDACC ((SIN)-N-2) initiative. The Brewer-Mast sonde, used in the Canadian network until 1980, is different in construction from the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) sonde, and the ECC sonde itself has also undergone a variety of minor design changes over the period 1980-2013. Corrections have been made for the estimated effects of these changes to produce a more homogeneous data set. The effect of the corrections is generally modest. However, the overall result is entirely positive: the comparison with co-located total ozone spectrometers is improved, in terms of both bias and standard deviation, and trends in the bias have been reduced or eliminated. An uncertainty analysis (including the additional uncertainty from the corrections, where appropriate) has also been conducted, and the altitude-dependent estimated uncertainty is included with each revised profile. The resulting time series show negative trends in the lower stratosphere of up to 5% decade(-1) for the period 1966-2013. Most of this decline occurred before 1997, and linear trends for the more recent period are generally not significant. The time series also show large variations from year to year. Some of these anomalies can be related to cold winters (in the Arctic stratosphere) or changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation, which may thereby be influencing trends. In the troposphere, trends for the 48-year period are small and for the most part not significant. This suggests that ozone levels in the free troposphere over Canada have not changed significantly in nearly 50 years. C1 [Tarasick, D. W.; Davies, J.] Environm Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Smit, H. G. J.] Res Ctr Juelich FZJ, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, Julich, Germany. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tarasick, DW (reprint author), Environm Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM david.tarasick@canada.ca RI Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; OI Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU World Meteorological Organization FX The authors thank the many observers who, over many years, obtained the ozonesonde measurements used in this study. Their careful work is gratefully acknowledged. The ozone sounding data were obtained from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC, http://www.woudc.org) operated by Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization. NR 94 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 195 EP 214 DI 10.5194/amt-9-195-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MI UT WOS:000375610500014 ER PT J AU Kiedron, PW Michalsky, JJ AF Kiedron, P. W. Michalsky, J. J. TI Non-parametric and least squares Langley plot methods SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; SOLAR; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; AUREOLE AB Langley plots are used to calibrate sun radiometers primarily for the measurement of the aerosol component of the atmosphere that attenuates (scatters and absorbs) incoming direct solar radiation. In principle, the calibration of a sun radiometer is a straightforward application of the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law V = V0e(-tau.m), where a plot of ln(V) voltage vs. m air mass yields a straight line with intercept ln(V-0). This ln(V-0) subsequently can be used to solve for tau for any measurement of V and calculation of m. This calibration works well on some high mountain sites, but the application of the Langley plot calibration technique is more complicated at other, more interesting, locales. This paper is concerned with ferreting out calibrations at difficult sites and examining and comparing a number of conventional and non-conventional methods for obtaining successful Langley plots. The 11 techniques discussed indicate that both least squares and various non-parametric techniques produce satisfactory calibrations with no significant differences among them when the time series of ln(V-0) 's are smoothed and interpolated with median and mean moving window filters. C1 [Kiedron, P. W.; Michalsky, J. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kiedron, P. W.; Michalsky, J. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.5194/amt-9-215-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MI UT WOS:000375610500015 ER PT J AU Brunner, J Pierce, RB Lenzen, A AF Brunner, J. Pierce, R. B. Lenzen, A. TI Development and validation of satellite-based estimates of surface visibility SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM; POLLUTION; INDEX AB A satellite-based surface visibility retrieval has been developed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements as a proxy for Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data from the next generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-R). The retrieval uses a multiple linear regression approach to relate satellite aerosol optical depth, fog/low cloud probability and thickness retrievals, and meteorological variables from numerical weather prediction forecasts to National Weather Service Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) surface visibility measurements. Validation using independent ASOS measurements shows that the GOES-R ABI surface visibility retrieval (V) has an overall success rate of 64.5% for classifying clear (V >= 30 km), moderate (10 km <= V < 30 km), low (2 km <= V < 10 km), and poor (V < 2 km) visibilities and shows the most skill during June through September, when Heidke skill scores are between 0.2 and 0.4. We demonstrate that the aerosol (clear-sky) component of the GOES-R ABI visibility retrieval can be used to augment measurements from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Park Service (NPS) Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network and provide useful information to the regional planning offices responsible for developing mitigation strategies required under the EPA's Regional Haze Rule, particularly during regional haze events associated with smoke from wildfires. C1 [Brunner, J.; Lenzen, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Brunner, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. EM jason.brunner@ssec.wisc.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643 FU GOES-R Program through NOAA [NA10NES4400013]; NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) FX Support was provided by the GOES-R Program through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10NES4400013 and by the NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US government position, policy, or decision. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.5194/amt-9-409-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000006 ER PT J AU Min, KE Washenfelder, RA Dube, WP Langford, AO Edwards, PM Zarzana, KJ Stutz, J Lu, K Rohrer, F Zhang, Y Brown, SS AF Min, K. -E. Washenfelder, R. A. Dube, W. P. Langford, A. O. Edwards, P. M. Zarzana, K. J. Stutz, J. Lu, K. Rohrer, F. Zhang, Y. Brown, S. S. TI A broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer for aircraft measurements of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CE-DOAS INSTRUMENT; IN-SITU; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; REACTIVE UPTAKE AB We describe a two-channel broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer (BBCEAS) for aircraft measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO), methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO), nitrous acid (HONO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and water (H2O). The instrument spans 361-389 and 438-468 nm, using two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a single grating spectrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. Robust performance is achieved using a custom optical mounting system, high-power LEDs with electronic on/off modulation, high-reflectivity cavity mirrors, and materials that minimize analyte surface losses. We have successfully deployed this instrument during two aircraft and two ground-based field campaigns to date. The demonstrated precision (2 sigma) for retrievals of CHOCHO, HONO and NO2 are 34, 350, and 80 parts per trillion (pptv) in 5 s. The accuracy is 5.8, 9.0, and 5.0%, limited mainly by the available absorption cross sections. C1 [Min, K. -E.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Dube, W. P.; Edwards, P. M.; Zarzana, K. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Min, K. -E.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Dube, W. P.; Langford, A. O.; Edwards, P. M.; Zarzana, K. J.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, S. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lu, K.; Zhang, Y.] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Rohrer, F.] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IEK Troposphere 8, Inst Energy & Climate Res, Julich, Germany. [Min, K. -E.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea. [Edwards, P. M.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Zarzana, Kyle/N-4714-2014; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Lu, Keding/A-7282-2012; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Rohrer, Franz/I-2052-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Zarzana, Kyle/0000-0003-1581-6419; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21190052]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05010500]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1405805]; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program FX We thank the NOAA WP-3D flight support crew and science team for the successful SENEX 2013 mission. We thank Taylor Brownlee for characterization of LED sources. The authors acknowledge contribution from the CARE Beijing-NCP 2014 team and funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21190052), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB05010500), and US National Science Foundation (AGS-1405805). K.-E. Min acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle (AC4) program. NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 14 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 423 EP 440 DI 10.5194/amt-9-423-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000007 ER PT J AU Plieninger, J Laeng, A Lossow, S von Clarmann, T Stiller, GP Kellmann, S Linden, A Kiefer, M Walker, KA Noel, S Hervig, ME McHugh, M Lambert, A Urban, J Elkins, JW Murtagh, D AF Plieninger, Johannes Laeng, Alexandra Lossow, Stefan von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele P. Kellmann, Sylvia Linden, Andrea Kiefer, Michael Walker, Kaley A. Noel, Stefan Hervig, Mark E. McHugh, Martin Lambert, Alyn Urban, Joachim Elkins, James W. Murtagh, Donal TI Validation of revised methane and nitrous oxide profiles from MIPAS-ENVISAT SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVALS; ACE; TEMPERATURE; MISSION; HNO3; CLO; N2O; O-3; CH4 AB Improved versions of CH4 and N2O profiles derived at the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research and Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC) from spectra measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) have become available. For the MIPAS full-resolution period (2002-2004) these are V5H_CH4_21 and V5H_N2O_21 and for the reduced-resolution period (2005-2012) these are V5R_CH4_224, V5R_CH4_225, V5R_N2O_224 and V5R_N2O_225. Here, we compare CH4 profiles to those measured by the Fourier Transform Spectrometer on board of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE-FTS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIA-MACHY), to the Global Cooperative Air Sampling Network (GCASN) surface data. We find the MIPAS CH4 profiles below 25 km to be typically higher of the order of 0.1 ppmv for both measurement periods. N2O profiles are compared to those measured by ACE-FTS, the Microwave Limb Sounder on board of the Aura satellite (Aura-MLS) and the Sub-millimetre Radiometer on board of the Odin satellite (Odin-SMR) as well as to the Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species Group (HATS) surface data. The mixing ratios of the satellite instruments agree well with each other for the full-resolution period. For the reduced-resolution period, MIPAS produces similar values as Odin-SMR, but higher values than ACE-FTS and HATS. Below 27 km, the MIPAS profiles show higher mixing ratios than Aura-MLS, and lower values between 27 and 41 km. Cross-comparisons between the two MIPAS measurement periods show that they generally agree quite well, but, especially for CH4, the reduced-resolution period seems to produce slightly higher mixing ratios than the full-resolution data. C1 [Plieninger, Johannes; Laeng, Alexandra; Lossow, Stefan; von Clarmann, Thomas; Stiller, Gabriele P.; Kellmann, Sylvia; Linden, Andrea; Kiefer, Michael] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Walker, Kaley A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Noel, Stefan] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [McHugh, Martin] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Lambert, Alyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Elkins, James W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Urban, Joachim; Murtagh, Donal] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Plieninger, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM johannes.plieninger@kit.edu RI Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011 OI Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559 FU "Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM"; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Helmholtz Association of German research centres (HGF) FX J. Plieninger was funded by the "Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM" (Regional Climate Change), a joint research project of the Helmholtz Association of German research centres (HGF).; Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 2 BP 765 EP 779 DI 10.5194/amt-9-765-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4MS UT WOS:000375612000028 ER PT J AU Krauchi, A Philipona, R Romanens, G Hurst, DF Hall, EG Jordan, AF AF Kraeuchi, Andreas Philipona, Rolf Romanens, Gonzague Hurst, Dale F. Hall, Emrys G. Jordan, Allen F. TI Controlled weather balloon ascents and descents for atmospheric research and climate monitoring SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; AIR; TROPOPAUSE; TRENDS AB In situ upper-air measurements are often made with instruments attached to weather balloons launched at the surface and lifted into the stratosphere. Present-day balloon-borne sensors allow near-continuous measurements from the Earth's surface to about 35 km (3-5 hPa), where the balloons burst and their instrument payloads descend with parachutes. It has been demonstrated that ascending weather balloons can perturb the air measured by very sensitive humidity and temperature sensors trailing behind them, particularly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The use of controlled balloon descent for such measurements has therefore been investigated and is described here. We distinguish between the single balloon technique that uses a simple automatic valve system to release helium from the balloon at a preset ambient pressure, and the double balloon technique that uses a carrier balloon to lift the payload and a parachute balloon to control the descent of instruments after the carrier balloon is released at preset altitude. The automatic valve technique has been used for several decades for water vapor soundings with frost point hygrometers, whereas the double balloon technique has recently been re-established and deployed to measure radiation and temperature profiles through the atmosphere. Double balloon soundings also strongly reduce pendulum motion of the payload, stabilizing radiation instruments during ascent. We present the flight characteristics of these two ballooning techniques and compare the quality of temperature and humidity measurements made during ascent and descent. C1 [Kraeuchi, Andreas] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Philipona, Rolf; Romanens, Gonzague] Aerol Stn, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Hurst, Dale F.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, Dale F.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Philipona, R (reprint author), Aerol Stn, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. EM rolf.philipona@meteoswiss.ch NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 929 EP 938 DI 10.5194/amt-9-929-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600004 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, S Voigt, C Jurkat, T Thornberry, T Fahey, DW Gao, RS Schlage, R Schauble, D Zoger, M AF Kaufmann, Stefan Voigt, Christiane Jurkat, Tina Thornberry, Troy Fahey, David W. Gao, Ru-Shan Schlage, Romy Schaeuble, Dominik Zoeger, Martin TI The airborne mass spectrometer AIMS - Part 1: AIMS-H2O for UTLS water vapor measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; CIRRUS CLOUD; ICE SUPERSATURATIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; YOUNG CONTRAILS; ION CHEMISTRY; TROPOSPHERE; EVOLUTION AB In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), the accurate quantification of low water vapor concentrations has presented a significant measurement challenge. The instrumental uncertainties are passed on to estimates of H2O transport, cloud formation and the role of H2O in the UTLS energy budget and resulting effects on surface temperatures. To address the uncertainty in UTLS H2O determination, the airborne mass spectrometer AIMS-H2O, with in-flight calibration, has been developed for fast and accurate airborne water vapor measurements. We present a new setup to measure water vapor by direct ionization of ambient air. Air is sampled via a backward facing inlet that includes a bypass flow to assure short residence times (<0.2 s) in the inlet line, which allows the instrument to achieve a time resolution of similar to 4 Hz, limited by the sampling frequency of the mass spectrometer. From the main inlet flow, a smaller flow is extracted into the novel pressure-controlled gas discharge ion source of the mass spectrometer. The air is directed through the gas discharge region where ion-molecule reactions lead to the production of hydronium ion clusters, H3O+(H2O)(n) (n = 0, 1, 2), in a complex reaction scheme similar to the reactions in the D-region of the ionosphere. These ions are counted to quantify the ambient water vapor mixing ratio. The instrument is calibrated during flight using a new calibration source based on the catalytic reaction of H-2 and O-2 on a Pt surface to generate a calibration standard with well-defined and stable H2O mixing ratios. In order to increase data quality over a range of mixing ratios, two data evaluation methods are presented for lower and higher H2O mixing ratios respectively, using either only the H3O+(H2O) ions or the ratio of all water vapor dependent ions to the total ion current. Altogether, a range of water vapor mixing ratios from 1 to 500 parts per million by volume (ppmv) can be covered with an accuracy between 7 and 15 %. AIMS-H2O was deployed on two DLR research aircraft, the Falcon during CONCERT (CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT) in 2011, and HALO during ML-CIRRUS (Mid-Latitude CIRRUS) in 2014. The comparison of AIMS-H2O with the SHARC tunable diode laser hygrometer during ML-CIRRUS shows a correlation near to 1 in the range between 10 and 500 ppmv for the entire campaign. C1 [Kaufmann, Stefan; Voigt, Christiane; Jurkat, Tina; Schlage, Romy] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Voigt, Christiane] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Thornberry, Troy; Fahey, David W.; Gao, Ru-Shan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, Troy; Fahey, David W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schaeuble, Dominik] Inst Adv Sustainabil Studies, Potsdam, Germany. [Zoeger, Martin] Flight Expt, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Kaufmann, S (reprint author), Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM stefan.kaufmann@dlr.de RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU German Science Foundation DFG within HALO-SPP 1294 [VO 1504/2-1]; Helmholtz Association [VH-NG-309, W2/W3-60] FX We thank the German Science Foundation DFG for funding within HALO-SPP 1294 under contract VO 1504/2-1. Christiane Voigt, Stefan Kaufmann and Tina Jurkat are grateful for financing by the Helmholtz Association under contract VH-NG-309 and under contract W2/W3-60. We thank Andreas Minikin, Ulrich Schumann and DLR Flight Experiments for the coordination and realization of the ML-CIRRUS campaign and Greta Stratmann for helpful comments on the paper. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 939 EP 953 DI 10.5194/amt-9-939-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600005 ER PT J AU Ghysels, M Riviere, ED Khaykin, S Stoeffler, C Amarouche, N Pommereau, JP Held, G Durry, G AF Ghysels, Melanie Riviere, Emmanuel D. Khaykin, Sergey Stoeffler, Clara Amarouche, Nadir Pommereau, Jean-Pierre Held, Gerhard Durry, Georges TI Intercomparison of in situ water vapor balloon-borne measurements from Pico-SDLA H2O and FLASH-B in the tropical UTLS SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC APPLICATIONS; LOWER-STRATOSPHERE; UPPER-TROPOSPHERE; MU-M; TROPOPAUSE; HYGROMETER; OZONE; HUMIDITY; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURES AB In this paper we compare water vapor mixing ratio measurements from two quasi-parallel flights of the Pico-SDLA H2O and FLASH-B hygrometers. The measurements were made on 10 February 2013 and 13 March 2012, respectively, in the tropics near Bauru, Sao Paulo state, Brazil during an intense convective period. Both flights were performed as part of a French scientific project, TRO-Pico, to study the impact of the deep-convection overshoot on the water budget. Only a few instruments that permit the frequent sounding of stratospheric water vapor can be flown within small-volume weather balloons. Technical difficulties preclude the accurate measurement of stratospheric water vapor with conventional in situ techniques. The instruments described here are simple and lightweight, which permits their low-cost deployment by non-specialists aboard a small weather balloon. We obtain mixing ratio retrievals which agree above the cold-point tropopause to within 1.9 and 0.5% for the first and second flights, respectively. This level of agreement for balloon-borne measured stratospheric water mixing ratio constitutes one of the best agreement reported in the literature. Because both instruments show similar profiles within their combined uncertainties, we conclude that the Pico-SDLA H2O and FLASH-B data sets are mutually consistent. C1 [Ghysels, Melanie; Riviere, Emmanuel D.; Stoeffler, Clara; Durry, Georges] UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, CNRS, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, UMR 7331, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims 2, France. [Khaykin, Sergey; Pommereau, Jean-Pierre] Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS, LATMOS, Guyancourt, France. [Amarouche, Nadir] Inst Natl Sci Univers, Div Tech, Pl Aristide Briand, F-92195 Meudon 1, France. [Held, Gerhard] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Inst Pesquisas Met IPMet, CX Postal 281, BR-17015970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Ghysels, Melanie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ghysels, M (reprint author), UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, CNRS, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, UMR 7331, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims 2, France.; Ghysels, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melanie.ghysels@nist.gov FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-2010-BLAN-609-01]; region Champagne-Ardenne in France FX This work and the TRO-Pico project were supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under contract ANR-2010-BLAN-609-01 and by the region Champagne-Ardenne in France. The authors are grateful for the logistical and infrastructural support provided by IPMet/UNESP under a collaborative agreement with the French CNRS. We also thank IPMet's technicians, Hermes Franca, Bruno Biazon and Demilson Quintao, for their assistance during the TRO-Pico campaigns and Joseph T. Hodges from NIST for his greatly appreciated help reviewing this paper. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 3 BP 1207 EP 1219 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1207-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4NF UT WOS:000375613600022 ER PT J AU Dzambo, AM Turner, DD Mlawer, EJ AF Dzambo, Andrew M. Turner, David D. Mlawer, Eli J. TI Evaluation of two Vaisala RS92 radiosonde solar radiative dry bias correction algorithms SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS CLOUDS; MEASUREMENT ARM PROGRAM; RAMAN LIDAR; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; UPPER-TROPOSPHERE; HUMIDITY DATA AB Solar heating of the relative humidity (RH) probe on Vaisala RS92 radiosondes results in a large dry bias in the upper troposphere. Two different algorithms (Miloshevich et al., 2009, MILO hereafter; and Wang et al., 2013, WANG hereafter) have been designed to account for this solar radiative dry bias (SRDB). These corrections are markedly different with MILO adding up to 40% more moisture to the original radiosonde profile than WANG; however, the impact of the two algorithms varies with height. The accuracy of these two algorithms is evaluated using three different approaches: a comparison of precipitable water vapor (PWV), downwelling radiative closure with a surface-based microwave radiometer at a high-altitude site (5.3 km m.s.l.), and upwelling radiative closure with the space-based Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The PWV computed from the uncorrected and corrected RH data is compared against PWV retrieved from ground-based microwave radiometers at tropical, midlatitude, and arctic sites. Although MILO generally adds more moisture to the original radiosonde profile in the upper troposphere compared to WANG, both corrections yield similar changes to the PWV, and the corrected data agree well with the ground-based retrievals. The two closure activities - done for clear-sky scenes - use the radiative transfer models MonoRTM and LBLRTM to compute radiance from the radiosonde profiles to compare against spectral observations. BothWANG- and MILO-corrected RHs are statistically better than original RH in all cases except for the driest 30% of cases in the downwelling experiment, where both algorithms add too much water vapor to the original profile. In the upwelling experiment, the RH correction applied by the WANG vs. MILO algorithm is statistically different above 10 km for the driest 30% of cases and above 8 km for the moistest 30% of cases, suggesting that the MILO correction performs better than the WANG in clear-sky scenes. The cause of this statistical significance is likely explained by the fact the WANG correction also accounts for cloud cover - a condition not accounted for in the radiance closure experiments. C1 [Dzambo, Andrew M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Mlawer, Eli J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM dave.turner@noaa.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0008830] FX The radiosonde, MWR, and GVRP data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. We would also like to thank the Dave Tobin for providing the AIRS footprint data needed to perform the upwelling experiment. Comments from Larry Miloshevich, Isaac Moradi, and one anonymous reviewer helped to improve the clarity of this manuscript. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program with grant DE-SC0008830. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1613 EP 1626 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1613-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100014 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Pintar, AL Dobler, JT Blume, N Braun, M Zaccheo, TS Pernini, TG AF Levine, Zachary H. Pintar, Adam L. Dobler, Jeremy T. Blume, Nathan Braun, Michael Zaccheo, T. Scott Pernini, Timothy G. TI The detection of carbon dioxide leaks using quasi-tomographic laser absorption spectroscopy measurements in variable wind SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; STORAGE; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGY; MODEL AB Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) has been used over the last several decades for the measurement of trace gasses in the atmosphere. For over a decade, LAS measurements from multiple sources and tens of retroreflectors have been combined with sparse-sample tomography methods to estimate the 2-D distribution of trace gas concentrations and underlying fluxes from point-like sources. In this work, we consider the ability of such a system to detect and estimate the position and rate of a single point leak which may arise as a failure mode for carbon dioxide storage. The leak is assumed to be at a constant rate giving rise to a plume with a concentration and distribution that depend on the wind velocity. We demonstrate the ability of our approach to detect a leak using numerical simulation and also present a preliminary measurement. C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Pintar, Adam L.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dobler, Jeremy T.; Blume, Nathan; Braun, Michael] Harris Corp, 1919 W Cook Rd, Ft Wayne, IN 46801 USA. [Zaccheo, T. Scott; Pernini, Timothy G.] Atomospher Environm Res, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FE00012574] FX The authors thank James Whetstone for suggesting this line of research and Kuldeep Prasad for discussions about the plume model. The experimental portion of this work was supported by grant number DE-FE00012574 from the US Department of Energy (DOE), a collaborative agreement between Exelis, AER, and the DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1627 EP 1636 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1627-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100015 PM 27453761 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Palo, S Argrow, B LoDolce, G Mack, J Gao, RS Telg, H Trussel, C Fromm, J Long, CN Bland, G Maslanik, J Schmid, B Hock, T AF de Boer, Gijs Palo, Scott Argrow, Brian LoDolce, Gabriel Mack, James Gao, Ru-Shan Telg, Hagen Trussel, Cameron Fromm, Joshua Long, Charles N. Bland, Geoff Maslanik, James Schmid, Beat Hock, Terry TI The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AERIAL VEHICLE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOLS; DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERE; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; DESIGN; UAS AB This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) "Pilatus" unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up-and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions. C1 [de Boer, Gijs; Palo, Scott; Argrow, Brian; LoDolce, Gabriel; Mack, James; Telg, Hagen; Trussel, Cameron; Fromm, Joshua; Long, Charles N.; Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Gao, Ru-Shan; Long, Charles N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bland, Geoff] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Schmid, Beat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hock, Terry] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; de Boer, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM gijs.deboer@colorado.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Telg, Hagen/0000-0002-4911-2703 FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0011459] FX Funding for the development and upcoming deployment of the aircraft to Alaska is provided by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) programs under grant DE-SC0011459. Instrumentation for operations is on loan from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (CGR4s and SPN1s), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (PTH module), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (POPS) and University of Colorado Research and Engineering Center for Unmanned Vehicles (VectorNav). We wish to thank Douglas Weibel and Tevis Nichols for their contributions to operation of the aircraft during test flights and Jack Elston for his input into the initial discussions for this project. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1845 EP 1857 DI 10.5194/amt-9-1845-2016 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DL4OC UT WOS:000375616100029 ER PT J AU Wu, JC Martin, AF Kacker, RN AF Wu, Jin Chu Martin, Alvin F. Kacker, Raghu N. TI Validation of Nonparametric Two-sample Bootstrap in ROC Analysis on Large Datasets SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Biometrics; Bootstrap; Large datasets; ROC analysis; Speaker recognition; Uncertainty; Validation ID OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; FINGERPRINT DATA; SAMPLE-SIZE; AREA AB The nonparametric two-sample bootstrap is applied to computing uncertainties of measures in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis on large datasets in areas such as biometrics, speaker recognition, etc. when the analytical method cannot be used. Its validation was studied by computing the standard errors of the area under ROC curve using the well-established analytical Mann-Whitney statistic method and also using the bootstrap. The analytical result is unique. The bootstrap results are expressed as a probability distribution due to its stochastic nature. The comparisons were carried out using relative errors and hypothesis testing. These match very well. This validation provides a sound foundation for such computations. C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.; Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jinchu.wu@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0361-0918 EI 1532-4141 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1689 EP 1703 DI 10.1080/03610918.2015.1065327 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA DK5HV UT WOS:000374951900021 PM 27499571 ER PT J AU Louie, SM Pettibone, JM AF Louie, Stacey M. Pettibone, John M. TI Research highlights: engineering nanomaterial-based technologies for environmental applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Editorial Material AB Nanomaterials are currently of interest for water treatment and remediation applications because they can exhibit high adsorption capacities and high reactivity to degrade or transform contaminants. Research is ongoing to further increase the adsorption capacity of the nanomaterials and to engineer nanomaterial-based treatment systems for contaminant removal. Here, we highlight three articles that advance this field by devising and testing approaches to improve the design of nanomaterials as well as their implementation in water treatment applications. One study demonstrates a method for non-covalent surface functionalization to produce silica and magnetite nanoparticles exhibiting thiol ligands for heavy metal removal. In another study, the surface coating chemistry of manganese oxide nanoparticles is optimized to enhance their uranyl sorption capacity. Finally, we highlight research that evaluates the overall implementation of magnetite nanoparticles for removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from water, including the production of the nanoparticles, their efficiency in removing Cr(VI) in a reactor, and the recovery of the used NPs in a magnetic separation system. C1 [Louie, Stacey M.; Pettibone, John M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Louie, SM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stacey.louie@nist.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1039/c6en90001a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK1UK UT WOS:000374699800001 ER PT J AU Grassian, VH Haes, AJ Mudunkotuwa, IA Demokritou, P Kane, AB Murphy, CJ Hutchison, JE Isaacs, JA Jun, YS Karn, B Khondaker, SI Larsen, SC Lau, BLT Pettibone, JM Sadik, OA Salehm, NB Teaguen, C AF Grassian, Vicki H. Haes, Amanda J. Mudunkotuwa, Imali A. Demokritou, Philip Kane, Agnes B. Murphy, Catherine J. Hutchison, James E. Isaacs, Jacqueline A. Jun, Young-Shin Karn, Barbara Khondaker, Saiful I. Larsen, Sarah C. Lau, Boris L. T. Pettibone, John M. Sadik, Omowunmi A. Salehm, Navid B. Teaguen, Clayton TI NanoEHS - defining fundamental science needs: no easy feat when the simple itself is complex SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO LA English DT Article ID GENERATION VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SOLID PHASE-TRANSITION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANORODS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; IN-VITRO; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS AB Nanotechnology is no longer in its infancy and has made significant advances since the implementation of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in 2000. Incorporation of nanotechnology in many fields including information technology, medicine, materials, energy, catalysis and cosmetics has led to an increase in engineered nanomaterial (ENM) production, and consequently, increased nanomaterial use. In comparison, the generation of concrete and consistent evidence related to the environmental health and safety of nanomaterials (NanoEHS) is lacking. The main factors contributing to the slower progress in NanoEHS versus conventional EHS are related to the complexity, property transformations, life cycles and behavior of nanomaterials even in carefully controlled environments. Therefore, new systematic, integrated research approaches in NanoEHS are needed for overcoming this complexity and bridging current knowledge gaps. A workshop on "NanoEHS: Fundamental Science Needs" brought together scientists and engineers to identify current fundamental science challenges and opportunities within NanoEHS. Detailed discussions were conducted on identifying the fundamental properties that are critical in NanoEHS, differentiating between conventional and NanoEHS studies as well as understanding, the effect of dynamic transformations on nanometrology, role of dosimetry and mechanistic data gaps in nanotoxicology. An important realization that even simple nanoscale materials can be complex when considering NanoEHS implications was noted several times during the workshop. Despite this fact, a number of fundamental research areas to further the scientific foundation to address NanoEHS needs are suggested. C1 [Grassian, Vicki H.; Haes, Amanda J.; Mudunkotuwa, Imali A.; Larsen, Sarah C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Demokritou, Philip] Harvard Univ, Harvard T Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kane, Agnes B.] Brown Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hutchison, James E.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem & Biochem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Isaacs, Jacqueline A.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jun, Young-Shin] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Karn, Barbara; Sadik, Omowunmi A.] Sustainable Nanotechnol Org, 2020 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Khondaker, Saiful I.] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Lau, Boris L. T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pettibone, John M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sadik, Omowunmi A.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Salehm, Navid B.] Univ Texas Austin, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teaguen, Clayton] Pixelligent Technol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Grassian, VH; Haes, AJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM vicki-grassian@uiowa.edu; amanda-haes@uiowa.edu OI Murphy, Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-1441457] FX The workshop was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant CBET-1441457. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The organizers also thank Omowunmi Sadik and Barbara Karn, President and Executive Director, respectively, of the Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization (SNO) and the 2014 SNO organizers Philip Demokritou and Jacqueline Isaacs for facilitating the organization of the workshop. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-8153 EI 2051-8161 J9 ENVIRON SCI-NANO JI Environ.-Sci. Nano PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1039/c5en00112a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK1UK UT WOS:000374699800002 ER PT J AU Knapp, G Rubino, MC AF Knapp, Gunnar Rubino, Michael C. TI The Political Economics of Marine Aquaculture in the United States SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; policies; economics ID NET-PEN AQUACULTURE; FISH; SALMON; FUTURE; RISKS; PERCEPTIONS; CONSUMPTION; PRODUCTS; BENEFITS; SYSTEMS AB Government regulatory policies and social acceptance are critically important to the growth of marine aquaculture in the United States. In much of the country, opposition to marine aquaculture by local and national interest groups and local, state, tribal, or national policies have limited marine aquaculture to a scale far below its potential. There are several reason for this: (1) Marine aquaculture is relatively small, diverse, and (with some notable exceptions) unproven; (2) marine waters are public resources; (3) some Americans perceive potential negative effects of marine aquaculture without offsetting positive effects; (4) aquaculture faces significant social opposition; and (5) the governance system for leasing and regulation hinders the development of U.S. marine aquaculture. This article discusses five broad strategies and recent efforts to advance marine aquaculture in the United States: (1) fixing problems, (2) creating benefits, (3) building partnerships, (4) arguing effectively, and (5) reforming governance. C1 [Knapp, Gunnar] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK USA. [Rubino, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rubino, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM michael.rubino@noaa.gov NR 116 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2330-8249 EI 2330-8257 J9 REV FISH SCI AQUAC JI Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac.. PY 2016 VL 24 IS 3 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1080/23308249.2015.1121202 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DK5WN UT WOS:000374992000001 ER PT J AU McNamara, DE von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C Saurel, JM Huerfano, V Lynch, L AF McNamara, Daniel E. von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa Saurel, Jean-Marie Huerfano, Victor Lynch, Lloyd TI Quantifying 10 Years of Improved Earthquake-Monitoring Performance in the Caribbean Region SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LESSER ANTILLES; PLATE BOUNDARY; TSUNAMI HAZARD; PUERTO-RICO; SUBDUCTION; SEISMICITY; TECTONICS; LANDSLIDES; HISPANIOLA; FREQUENCY AB Over 75 tsunamis have been documented in the Caribbean and adjacent regions during the past 500 years. Since 1500, at least 4484 people are reported to have perished in these killer waves. Hundreds of thousands are currently threatened along the Caribbean coastlines. Were a great tsunamigenic earthquake to occur in the Caribbean region today, the effects would potentially be catastrophic due to an increasingly vulnerable region that has seen significant population increases in the past 40-50 years and currently hosts an estimated 500,000 daily beach visitors from North America and Europe, a majority of whom are not likely aware of tsunami and earthquake hazards. Following the magnitude 9.1 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of 26 December 2004, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Coordination Group (ICG) for the Tsunami and other Coastal Hazards Early Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (CARIBE-EWS) was established and developed minimum performance standards for the detection and analysis of earthquakes. In this study, we model earthquake-magnitude detection threshold and P-wave detection time and demonstrate that the requirements established by the UNESCO ICG CARIBE-EWS are met with 100% of the network operating. We demonstrate that earthquake-monitoring performance in the Caribbean Sea region has improved significantly in the past decade as the number of real-time seismic stations available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tsunami warning centers have increased. We also identify weaknesses in the current international network and provide guidance for selecting the optimal distribution of seismic stations contributed from existing real-time broadband national networks in the region. C1 [McNamara, Daniel E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80423 USA. [von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Natl Weather Serv, Caribbean Tsunami Warning Program, 259 Blvd Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Saurel, Jean-Marie] Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, F-75238 Paris 05, France. [Huerfano, Victor] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Seism Network, 259 Blvd Alfonso Valdes, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Lynch, Lloyd] Univ W Indies, Seism Res Ctr, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP McNamara, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, 1711 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80423 USA. EM mcnamara@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program FX This research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The authors thank all seismic network contributors in the region, including R. Pujols (Dominican Republic Seismic Network [DRSN]), G. Romero (Fundacion Venezolana de Investigaciones Sismologicas [FUNVISIS]), Alberto Lopez and Elizabeth Vanacore (University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez/Geology Puerto Rico Seismic Network) and all others. Important contributions were made by C. McCreary (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Pacific Tsunami Warning Center); P. Whitmore (NOAA National Tsunami Warning Center); B. Proenza (NOAA U.S. National Weather Service); P. Earle, G. Hayes, H. Benz, R. Buland, L. Gee, J. Weaver (USGS); B. Aliaga, Diana Patricia Mosquera (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization); and Lorna Inniss. The authors thank J. Braunmiller, an anonymous SRL reviewer, D. Wilson, and J. McCarthy for editorial and critical reviews. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 10 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1785/0220150095 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DK6PG UT WOS:000375045700003 ER PT J AU Xie, DM Zou, QP Cannon, JW AF Xie, Dong-mei Zou, Qing-ping Cannon, John W. TI Application of SWAN+ADCIRC to tide-surge and wave simulation in Gulf of Maine during Patriot's Day storm SO WATER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nor'easter; SWAN; ADCIRC; Gulf of Maine; Patriot's Day storm; Tide-surge; Wave; Coastal flooding ID BOTTOM FRICTION; MODEL; TRANSPORT; DRAG AB The southern coast of the Gulf of Maine in the United States is prone to flooding caused by nor'easters. A state-of-the-art fully-coupled model, the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model with unstructured grids and the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model, was used to study the hydrodynamic response in the Gulf of Maine during the Patriot's Day storm of 2007, a notable example of nor'easters in this area. The model predictions agree well with the observed tide-surges and waves during this storm event. Waves and circulation in the Gulf of Maine were analyzed. The Georges Bank plays an important role in dissipating wave energy through the bottom friction when waves propagate over the bank from offshore to the inner gulf due to its shallow bathymetry. Wave energy dissipation results in decreasing significant wave height (SWH) in the cross-bank direction and wave radiation stress gradient, which in turn induces changes in currents. While the tidal currents are dominant over the Georges Bank and in the Bay of Fundy, the residual currents generated by the meteorological forcing and waves are significant over the Georges Bank and in the coastal area and can reach 0.3 m/s and 0.2 m/s, respectively. In the vicinity of the coast, the longshore current generated by the surface wind stress and wave radiation stress acting parallel to the coastline is inversely proportional to the water depth and will eventually be limited by the bottom friction. The storm surge level reaches 0.8 m along the western periphery of the Gulf of Maine while the wave set-up due to radiation stress variation reaches 0.2 m. Therefore, it is significant to coastal flooding. (C) 2016 Hohai University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xie, Dong-mei; Zou, Qing-ping] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Cannon, John W.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Gray, ME 04039 USA. RP Zou, QP (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM qingping.zou@maine.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU EDITORIAL BOARD WATER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING PI NANJING PA 1 XIKANG RD, NANJING, 210024, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-2370 EI 2405-8106 J9 WATER SCI ENG JI Water Sci. Eng. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.wse.2016.02.003 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DL7TB UT WOS:000375841900005 ER PT J AU Peng, Z Day, DA Ortega, AM Palm, BB Hu, WW Stark, H Li, R Tsigaridis, K Brune, WH Jimenez, JL AF Peng, Zhe Day, Douglas A. Ortega, Amber M. Palm, Brett B. Hu, Weiwei Stark, Harald Li, Rui Tsigaridis, Kostas Brune, William H. Jimenez, Jose L. TI Non-OH chemistry in oxidation flow reactors for the study of atmospheric chemistry systematically examined by modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; PRESSURE MERCURY LAMPS; EVALUATED KINETIC-DATA; BROWN CARBON AEROSOLS; BIOMASS-BURNING SMOKE; GAS-PHASE; CHEMICAL MECHANISMS AB Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) using low-pressure Hg lamp emission at 185 and 254 nm produce OH radicals efficiently and are widely used in atmospheric chemistry and other fields. However, knowledge of detailed OFR chemistry is limited, allowing speculation in the literature about whether some non-OH reactants, including several not relevant for tropospheric chemistry, may play an important role in these OFRs. These non-OH reactants are UV radiation, O(D-1), O(P-3), and O-3. In this study, we investigate the relative importance of other reactants to OH for the fate of reactant species in OFR under a wide range of conditions via box modeling. The relative importance of non-OH species is less sensitive to UV light intensity than to water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) and external OH reactivity (OHRext), as both non-OH reactants and OH scale roughly proportionally to UV intensity. We show that for field studies in forested regions and also the urban area of Los Angeles, reactants of atmospheric interest are predominantly consumed by OH. We find that O(D-1), O(P-3), and O-3 have relative contributions to volatile organic compound (VOC) consumption that are similar or lower than in the troposphere. The impact of O atoms can be neglected under most conditions in both OFR and troposphere. We define "riskier OFR conditions" as those with either low H2O (< 0.1%) or high OHRext (>= 100 s(-1) in OFR185 and > 200s(-1) in OFR254). We strongly suggest avoiding such conditions as the importance of non-OH reactants can be substantial for the most sensitive species, although OH may still dominate under some riskier conditions, depending on the species present. Photolysis at non-tropospheric wavelengths (185 and 254nm) may play a significant (> 20%) role in the degradation of some aromatics, as well as some oxidation intermediates, under riskier reactor conditions, if the quantum yields are high. Under riskier conditions, some biogenics can have substantial destructions by O-3, similarly to the troposphere. Working under low O-2 (volume mixing ratio of 0.002) with the OFR185 mode allows OH to completely dominate over O-3 reactions even for the biogenic species most reactive with O-3. Non-tropospheric VOC photolysis may have been a problem in some laboratory and source studies, but can be avoided or lessened in future studies by diluting source emissions and working at lower precursor concentrations in laboratory studies and by humidification. Photolysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) samples is estimated to be significant (> 20%) under the upper limit assumption of unity quantum yield at medium (1 x 10(13) and 1.5 x 10(15) photons cm(-2) s(-1) at 185 and 254 nm, respectively) or higher UV flux settings. The need for quantum yield measurements of both VOC and SOA photolysis is highlighted in this study. The results of this study allow improved OFR operation and experimental design and also inform the design of future reactors. C1 [Peng, Zhe; Day, Douglas A.; Ortega, Amber M.; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Stark, Harald; Li, Rui; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peng, Zhe; Day, Douglas A.; Palm, Brett B.; Hu, Weiwei; Stark, Harald; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ortega, Amber M.; Li, Rui] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Rui] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ortega, Amber M.] Univ Arizona, Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Li, Rui] Markes Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; FU CARB [11-305]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0011105]; NSF [AGS-1243354, AGS-1360834]; NASA [NNX15AT96G]; DOE; CU Graduate School; CIRES Fellowships; US EPA STAR [FP-91761701-0]; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center FX We thank Veronica Vaida, Paul Ziemann, Andrew Lambe, and the PAM user community for useful discussions, Andrew Lambe and Daniel Tkacik for providing some OFR experimental data and the reviewers for their useful comments for improving the manuscript. This research was partially supported by CARB 11-305, DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0011105, NSF AGS-1243354 & AGS-1360834, and NASA NNX15AT96G. Amber M. Ortega acknowledges fellowships from DOE and CU Graduate School. Rui Li and Brett B. Palm acknowledge CIRES Fellowships. Brett B. Palm is grateful for a Fellowship from US EPA STAR (FP-91761701-0). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4283 EP 4305 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4283-2016 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000005 ER PT J AU Yu, KR Jacob, DJ Fisher, JA Kim, PS Marais, EA Miller, CC Travis, KR Zhu, L Yantosca, RM Sulprizio, MP Cohen, RC Dibb, JE Fried, A Mikoviny, T Ryerson, TB Wennberg, PO Wisthaler, A AF Yu, Karen Jacob, Daniel J. Fisher, Jenny A. Kim, Patrick S. Marais, Eloise A. Miller, Christopher C. Travis, Katherine R. Zhu, Lei Yantosca, Robert M. Sulprizio, Melissa P. Cohen, Ron C. Dibb, Jack E. Fried, Alan Mikoviny, Tomas Ryerson, Thomas B. Wennberg, Paul O. Wisthaler, Armin TI Sensitivity to grid resolution in the ability of a chemical transport model to simulate observed oxidant chemistry under high-isoprene conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; OZONE PRODUCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NORTH-AMERICA; EMISSIONS; AEROSOL; PLUMES; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Formation of ozone and organic aerosol in continental atmospheres depends on whether isoprene emitted by vegetation is oxidized by the high-NOx pathway (where peroxy radicals react with NO) or by low-NOx pathways (where peroxy radicals react by alternate channels, mostly with HO2). We used mixed layer observations from the SEAC(4)RS aircraft campaign over the Southeast US to test the ability of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at different grid resolutions (0.25 degrees x 0.3125 degrees, 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees, 4 degrees x 5 degrees) to simulate this chemistry under high-isoprene, variable-NOx conditions. Observations of isoprene and NOx over the Southeast US show a negative correlation, reflecting the spatial segregation of emissions; this negative correlation is captured in the model at 0.25 degrees x 0.3125 degrees resolution but not at coarser resolutions. As a result, less isoprene oxidation takes place by the high-NOx pathway in the model at 0.25 degrees x 0.3125 degrees resolution (54%) than at coarser resolution (59%). The cumulative probability distribution functions (CDFs) of NOx, isoprene, and ozone concentrations show little difference across model resolutions and good agreement with observations, while formaldehyde is overestimated at coarse resolution because excessive isoprene oxidation takes place by the high-NOx pathway with high formaldehyde yield. The good agreement of simulated and observed concentration variances implies that smaller-scale non-linearities (urban and power plant plumes) are not important on the regional scale. Correlations of simulated vs. observed concentrations do not improve with grid resolution because finer modes of variability are intrinsically more difficult to capture. Higher model resolution leads to decreased conversion of NOx to organic nitrates and increased conversion to nitric acid, with total reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) changing little across model resolutions. Model concentrations in the lower free troposphere are also insensitive to grid resolution. The overall low sensitivity of modeled concentrations to grid resolution implies that coarse resolution is adequate when modeling continental boundary layer chemistry for global applications. C1 [Yu, Karen; Jacob, Daniel J.; Marais, Eloise A.; Miller, Christopher C.; Travis, Katherine R.; Zhu, Lei; Yantosca, Robert M.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Kim, Patrick S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Fisher, Jenny A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Cohen, Ron C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fried, Alan] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas; Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Oslo, Norway. [Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Yu, KR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kyu@seas.harvard.edu RI Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051 FU NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program; NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship; Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their help in the field. This work was funded by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program and by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program. Jenny A. Fisher acknowledges financial support from a University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship. Isoprene measurements during SEAC4RS were supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (bmvit) through the Austrian Space Applications Programme (ASAP) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). Armin Wisthaler and Tomas Mikoviny received support from the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA). NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4369 EP 4378 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4369-2016 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000009 ER PT J AU Jarvinen, E Ignatius, K Nichman, L Kristensen, TB Fuchs, C Hoyle, CR Hoppel, N Corbin, JC Craven, J Duplissy, J Ehrhart, S El Haddad, I Frege, C Gordon, H Jokinen, T Kallinger, P Kirkby, J Kiselev, A Naumann, KH Petaja, T Pinterich, T Prevot, ASH Saathoff, H Schiebel, T Sengupta, K Simon, M Slowik, JG Trostl, J Virtanen, A Vochezer, P Vogt, S Wagner, AC Wagner, R Williamson, C Winkler, PM Yan, C Baltensperger, U Donahue, NM Flagan, RC Gallagher, M Hansel, A Kulmala, M Stratmann, F Worsnop, DR Mohler, O Leisner, T Schnaiter, M AF Jaervinen, Emma Ignatius, Karoliina Nichman, Leonid Kristensen, Thomas B. Fuchs, Claudia Hoyle, Christopher R. Hoeppel, Niko Corbin, Joel C. Craven, Jill Duplissy, Jonathan Ehrhart, Sebastian El Haddad, Imad Frege, Carla Gordon, Hamish Jokinen, Tuija Kallinger, Peter Kirkby, Jasper Kiselev, Alexei Naumann, Karl-Heinz Petaja, Tuukka Pinterich, Tamara Prevot, Andre S. H. Saathoff, Harald Schiebel, Thea Sengupta, Kamalika Simon, Mario Slowik, Jay G. Troestl, Jasmin Virtanen, Annele Vochezer, Paul Vogt, Steffen Wagner, Andrea C. Wagner, Robert Williamson, Christina Winkler, Paul M. Yan, Chao Baltensperger, Urs Donahue, Neil M. Flagan, Rick C. Gallagher, Martin Hansel, Armin Kulmala, Markku Stratmann, Frank Worsnop, Douglas R. Moehler, Ottmar Leisner, Thomas Schnaiter, Martin TI Observation of viscosity transition in alpha-pinene secondary organic aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DEPOLARIZATION RATIO; ICE NUCLEATION; CLOUD CHAMBER; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GLASSY AEROSOLS; SOA PARTICLES AB Under certain conditions, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can exist in the atmosphere in an amorphous solid or semi-solid state. To determine their relevance to processes such as ice nucleation or chemistry occurring within particles requires knowledge of the temperature and relative humidity (RH) range for SOA to exist in these states. In the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment at The European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), we deployed a new in situ optical method to detect the viscous state of alpha-pinene SOA particles and measured their transition from the amorphous highly viscous state to states of lower viscosity. The method is based on the depolarising properties of laboratory-produced non-spherical SOA particles and their transformation to non-depolarising spherical particles at relative humidities near the deliquescence point. We found that particles formed and grown in the chamber developed an asymmetric shape through coagulation. A transition to a spherical shape was observed as the RH was increased to between 35aEuro-% at -10aEuro-A degrees C and 80aEuro-% at -38aEuro-A degrees C, confirming previous calculations of the viscosity-transition conditions. Consequently, alpha-pinene SOA particles exist in a viscous state over a wide range of ambient conditions, including the cirrus region of the free troposphere. This has implications for the physical, chemical, and ice-nucleation properties of SOA and SOA-coated particles in the atmosphere. C1 [Jaervinen, Emma; Hoeppel, Niko; Kiselev, Alexei; Naumann, Karl-Heinz; Saathoff, Harald; Schiebel, Thea; Vochezer, Paul; Vogt, Steffen; Wagner, Robert; Moehler, Ottmar; Leisner, Thomas; Schnaiter, Martin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Ignatius, Karoliina; Kristensen, Thomas B.; Stratmann, Frank] Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Nichman, Leonid; Gallagher, Martin] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Fuchs, Claudia; Hoyle, Christopher R.; Corbin, Joel C.; El Haddad, Imad; Frege, Carla; Prevot, Andre S. H.; Slowik, Jay G.; Troestl, Jasmin; Baltensperger, Urs] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Craven, Jill] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Jokinen, Tuija; Petaja, Tuukka; Yan, Chao; Kulmala, Markku] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Duplissy, Jonathan; Jokinen, Tuija; Petaja, Tuukka; Yan, Chao; Kulmala, Markku] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Ehrhart, Sebastian; Gordon, Hamish; Kirkby, Jasper] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Hoyle, Christopher R.] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland. [Kallinger, Peter; Pinterich, Tamara; Winkler, Paul M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna, Austria. [Kirkby, Jasper; Simon, Mario; Wagner, Andrea C.; Williamson, Christina] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Campus Riedberg Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Sengupta, Kamalika] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Virtanen, Annele] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Williamson, Christina] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williamson, Christina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Donahue, Neil M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Flagan, Rick C.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hansel, Armin] Inst Ion & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hansel, Armin] Ionicon Analyt GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Jarvinen, E (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM emma.jaervinen@kit.edu RI Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Kiselev, Alexei/A-3036-2013; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Leisner, Thomas/A-2391-2013; Schnaiter, Martin/A-2370-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Jokinen, Tuija/B-3365-2014; Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Naumann, Karl-Heinz/J-9304-2012; Jarvinen, Emma/G-7120-2014; Hoyle, Christopher/B-7786-2008; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; El Haddad, Imad/B-8073-2011; Slowik, Jay/F-4894-2011; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Kiselev, Alexei/0000-0003-0136-2428; Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Jokinen, Tuija/0000-0002-1280-1396; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Jarvinen, Emma/0000-0001-5171-1759; Hoyle, Christopher/0000-0002-1369-9143; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Slowik, Jay/0000-0001-5682-850X; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 FU Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union (Marie Curie-Networks for Initial Training MC-ITN CLOUD-TRAIN) [316662]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021 140663]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1447056, AGS-1439551]; Dreyfus Award [EP-11-117]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF [01LK1222A]; Davidow Foundation; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through CLOUD12 project; CERN; CLOUD FX We would like to thank the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources. We thank the CLOUD-TRAIN community and specially all the ITN students for their help and support. This research has received funding from the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union (Marie Curie-Networks for Initial Training MC-ITN CLOUD-TRAIN no. 316662), from Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant number 200021 140663, from US National Science Foundation grants AGS-1447056 and AGS-1439551, from Dreyfus Award EP-11-117, from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (project no. 01LK1222A and B), from the Davidow Foundation, and from the funding of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 11 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4423 EP 4438 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4423-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000012 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Considine, DB Horowitz, LW Crawford, JH Rodriguez, JM Strahan, SE Damon, MR Steenrod, SD Xu, XJ Kouatchou, J Carouge, C Yantosca, RM AF Liu, Hongyu Considine, David B. Horowitz, Larry W. Crawford, James H. Rodriguez, Jose M. Strahan, Susan E. Damon, Megan R. Steenrod, Stephen D. Xu, Xiaojing Kouatchou, Jules Carouge, Claire Yantosca, Robert M. TI Using beryllium-7 to assess cross-tropopause transport in global models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COSMOGENIC-NUCLIDE PRODUCTION; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CHEMICAL TRACER MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SURFACE AIR; INITIATIVE ASSESSMENT; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; ARCTIC TROPOSPHERE AB We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) modeling framework to assess the utility of cosmogenic beryllium-7 (Be-7), a natural aerosol tracer, for evaluating cross-tropopause transport in global models. The GMI chemical transport model (CTM) was used to simulate atmospheric Be-7 distributions using four different meteorological data sets (GEOS1-STRAT DAS, GISS II' GCM, fvGCM, and GEOS4-DAS), featuring significantly different stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) characteristics. The simulations were compared with the upper troposphere and/or lower stratosphere (UT/LS) Be-7 climatology constructed from similar to aEuro parts per thousand aEuro-25aEuro-years of aircraft and balloon data, as well as climatological records of surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. Comparison of the fraction of surface air of stratospheric origin estimated from the Be-7 simulations with observationally derived estimates indicates excessive cross-tropopause transport at mid-latitudes in simulations using GEOS1-STRAT and at high latitudes using GISS II' meteorological data. These simulations also overestimate Be-7 deposition fluxes at mid-latitudes (GEOS1-STRAT) and at high latitudes (GISS II'), respectively. We show that excessive cross-tropopause transport of Be-7 corresponds to overestimated stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone. Our perspectives on STE in these meteorological fields based on Be-7 simulations are consistent with previous modeling studies of tropospheric ozone using the same meteorological fields. We conclude that the observational constraints for Be-7 and observed Be-7 total deposition fluxes can be used routinely as a first-order assessment of cross-tropopause transport in global models. C1 [Liu, Hongyu] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Considine, David B.; Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid & Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rodriguez, Jose M.; Strahan, Susan E.; Damon, Megan R.; Steenrod, Stephen D.; Kouatchou, Jules] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Strahan, Susan E.; Steenrod, Stephen D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Damon, Megan R.; Kouatchou, Jules] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Xu, Xiaojing] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Carouge, Claire; Yantosca, Robert M.] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Considine, David B.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Carouge, Claire] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. EM hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov OI Carouge, Claire/0000-0002-0313-8385 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program; Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) program; ACMAP; MAP FX This work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) program, the Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP), and the Atmospheric Composition Campaign Data Analysis and Modeling (ACCDAM) program. We thank Bryan Duncan for his contribution to the GMI model development, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. The GMI core team at NASA GSFC is acknowledged for programming support. NASA Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) provided supercomputing resources. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from ACMAP and MAP. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4641 EP 4659 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4641-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000026 ER PT J AU Pettersen, C Bennartz, R Kulie, MS Merrelli, AJ Shupe, MD Turner, DD AF Pettersen, Claire Bennartz, Ralf Kulie, Mark S. Merrelli, Aronne J. Shupe, Matthew D. Turner, David D. TI Microwave signatures of ice hydrometeors from ground-based observations above Summit, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; STRATIFORM CLOUD; RADAR; DRY; MIDLATITUDE; RADIOMETERS; ACCURACY; CHANNELS; SNOWFALL AB Multi-instrument, ground-based measurements provide unique and comprehensive data sets of the atmosphere for a specific location over long periods of time and resulting data compliment past and existing global satellite observations. This paper explores the effect of ice hydrometeors on ground-based, high-frequency passive microwave measurements and attempts to isolate an ice signature for summer seasons at Summit, Greenland, from 2010 to 2013. Data from a combination of passive microwave, cloud radar, radiosonde, and ceilometer were examined to isolate the ice signature at microwave wavelengths. By limiting the study to a cloud liquid water path of 40aEuro-gaEuro-m(-2) or less, the cloud radar can identify cases where the precipitation was dominated by ice. These cases were examined using liquid water and gas microwave absorption models, and brightness temperatures were calculated for the high-frequency microwave channels: 90, 150, and 225aEuro-GHz. By comparing the measured brightness temperatures from the microwave radiometers and the calculated brightness temperature using only gas and liquid contributions, any residual brightness temperature difference is due to emission and scattering of microwave radiation from the ice hydrometeors in the column. The ice signature in the 90, 150, and 225aEuro-GHz channels for the Summit Station summer months was isolated. This measured ice signature was then compared to an equivalent brightness temperature difference calculated with a radiative transfer model including microwave single-scattering properties for several ice habits. Initial model results compare well against the 4 years of summer season isolated ice signature in the high-frequency microwave channels. C1 [Pettersen, Claire; Bennartz, Ralf; Kulie, Mark S.; Merrelli, Aronne J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bennartz, Ralf] Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Turner, David D.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Pettersen, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM claire.pettersen@ssec.wisc.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Kulie, Mark/C-3289-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Kulie, Mark/0000-0003-1400-1007 FU NSF [PLR1304544, PLR1355654, PLR1303879]; NASA [NNX12AQ76G, NNX13AG47G] FX ICECAPS and associated research in this study is supported by NSF PLR1304544, PLR1355654, and PLR1303879. Partial support is also provided by NASA NNX12AQ76G and NNX13AG47G. We appreciate the advice and contributions from Stefan Kneifel, the use of the ASIAA MWR at Summit Station (P.I. Ming-Tang Chen), our colleague V. P. Walden, and all the technicians and support staff that keep the ICECAPS suite running. Ceilometer measurements were provided by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 4743 EP 4756 DI 10.5194/acp-16-4743-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DK1VM UT WOS:000374703000032 ER PT J AU Vodyanoy, V Daniels, Y Pustovyy, O MacCrehan, WA Muramoto, S Stan, G AF Vodyanoy, Vitaly Daniels, Yasmine Pustovyy, Oleg MacCrehan, William A. Muramoto, Shin Stan, Gheorghe TI Engineered metal nanoparticles in the sub-nanomolar levels kill cancer cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; XPS; atomic force; glioma cancer cell; zinc; copper AB Background: Small metal nanoparticles obtained from animal blood were observed to be toxic to cultured cancer cells, whereas noncancerous cells were much less affected. In this work, engineered zinc and copper metal nanoparticles were produced from bulk metal rods by an underwater high-voltage discharge method. The metal nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The metal nanoparticles, with estimated diameters of 1 nm-2 nm, were determined to be more than 85% nonoxidized. A cell viability assay and high-resolution light microscopy showed that exposure of RG2, cultured rat brain glioma cancer cells, to the zinc and copper nanoparticles resulted in cell morphological changes, including decreased cell adherence, shrinking/rounding, nuclear condensation, and budding from cell bodies. The metal-induced cell injuries were similar to the effects of staurosporine, an active apoptotic reagent. The viability experiments conducted for zinc and copper yielded values of dissociation constants of 0.22 +/- 0.08 nmol/L (standard error [SE]) and 0.12 +/- 0.02 nmol/L (SE), respectively. The noncancerous astrocytes were not affected at the same conditions. Because metal nanoparticles were lethal to the cancer cells at sub-nanomolar concentrations, they are potentially important as nanomedicine. Purpose: Lethal concentrations of synthetic metal nanoparticles reported in the literature are a few orders of magnitude higher than the natural, blood-isolated metal nanoparticles; therefore, in this work, engineered metal nanoparticles were examined to mimic the properties of endogenous metal nanoparticles. Materials and methods: RG2, rat brain glioma cells CTX TNA2 brain rat astrocytes, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, high-voltage discharge, atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution light microscopy, zeta potential measurements, and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were used in this work. Results: Engineered zinc and copper metal nanoparticles of size 1 nm-2 nm were lethal to cultured RG2 glioma cancer cells. Cell death was confirmed by MTT assay, showing that the relative viability of RG2 glioma cells is reduced in a dose-dependent manner at sub-nanomolar concentrations of the nanoparticles. The noncancerous astrocytes were not affected at the same conditions. Conclusion: The engineered and characterized zinc and copper nanoparticles are potentially significant as biomedicine. C1 [Vodyanoy, Vitaly; Pustovyy, Oleg] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Daniels, Yasmine; MacCrehan, William A.; Muramoto, Shin; Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vodyanoy, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM vodyavi@auburn.edu RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70 NANB14H324] FX The work was funded by National Institute of Standards and Technology grant number 70 NANB14H324. The authors thank M Mansour and A David for useful discussion. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI ALBANY PA PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND SN 1178-2013 J9 INT J NANOMED JI Int. J. Nanomed. PY 2016 VL 11 BP 1567 EP 1576 DI 10.2147/IJN.S101463 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DJ7DF UT WOS:000374371400001 PM 27143879 ER PT J AU Holsman, K Danner, E AF Holsman, Kirstin Danner, Eric TI Numerical Integration of Temperature-Dependent Functions in Bioenergetics Models to Avoid Overestimation of Fish Growth SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; JENSENS INEQUALITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; HABITAT QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE-MICHIGAN; CONSTANT; TROUT; PERFORMANCE AB The Wisconsin bioenergetics model is widely used to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions, trophic interactions, and human-mediated alterations to physical and trophodynamic processes on the growth and survival of individual fish species. In particular, bioenergetics models are increasingly applied to evaluate conditions that vary on subdaily time steps, such as vertical migrations that influence thermal experience and fluvial alterations that increase diurnal temperature variability. However, because the algorithms that describe the relationship between temperature and physiological rates are often nonlinear, using inputs of daily mean temperatures can result in underestimation or overestimation of growth and energetic demand. We used simulations of daily and subdaily models of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha as an example to demonstrate that the nonlinear, temperature-dependent algorithms for consumption and respiration induce large differences in growth between constant-and fluctuating-temperature conditions (despite the same mean daily temperature); these differences increase with high diurnal variability and as temperatures approach the thermal optimum for the species. To correct for model bias in growth, we propose an integrated temperature-scaling algorithm that allows application of the daily model to systems where daily temperatures exhibit considerable subdaily variation. This approach can also be used for any bioenergetics model that includes nonlinear, temperature-dependent algorithms and should be considered when modeled temperatures approach inflection points in nonlinear relationships. C1 [Holsman, Kirstin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Danner, Eric] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Holsman, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320148]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AK72G] FX We thank K. Aydin and S. John for providing excellent feedback on manuscript drafts. Publication of this work was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148 and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Applied Sciences Award NNX08AK72G. In-kind support for the project also came from the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the NOAA Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 2 BP 334 EP 347 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1094129 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ6LE UT WOS:000374323600011 ER PT J AU Eiler, JH Bishop, MA AF Eiler, John H. Bishop, Mary A. TI Tagging Response and Postspawning Movements of Pacific Herring, a Small Pelagic Forage Fish Sensitive to Handling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; CLUPEA-PALLASI; ALASKA; RECOVERY; REPRODUCTION; CIRCULATION; PERFORMANCE; HYPOTHESES; DYNAMICS AB Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii are an important forage fish in the northern Pacific Ocean and support commercial fisheries throughout the region, although numerous populations have experienced pronounced declines in abundance. Acoustic telemetry can enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of depressed herring populations. However, herring are extremely sensitive to handling. During 2012-2013, we tagged 94 adult herring with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The handling and tagging methods were specifically designed to minimize physical injuries and stress. Receiver arrays located near the spawning area (2012-2013) and at the principal entrances into the sound from the Gulf of Alaska (2013) were used to track the postspawning movements of the fish. The herring responded well to the tagging procedures. Most were subsequently detected by the arrays, ranging from 88.0% in 2012 to 92.8% in 2013, when the entire tracking system was operational. Forty-three (67.2%) of the 64 fish detected during 2013 were recorded near entrances to the sound, representing minimum travel distances of 50-180 km. Initial movements during the spring and summer were generally to the southwest and mirrored the prevailing currents, but a number of fish were subsequently observed moving east, including one individual detected near the spawning area during the late fall and winter. Larger herring were more frequently detected near the entrances to the sound. Although it is possible that smaller fish exhibit different migratory patterns, the lower detection rate may also suggest that these individuals were adversely affected by the tagging. Our findings suggest that large-scale telemetry studies on pelagic forage fish such as herring are feasible. These data provide new insights into the migratory patterns of herring and present an opportunity to address ongoing questions related to the factors affecting the status and recovery of depressed populations. C1 [Eiler, John H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bishop, Mary A.] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, 300 Breakwater Ave, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX Primary funding for this study was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The acoustic receiver arrays at the principal entrances to Prince William Sound were deployed and maintained by the Ocean Tracking Network. We thank B. Reynolds, M. McKinzie, J. Watson, J. Stocking, and S. Lewandoski for their assistance with field work and data analysis and A. Schaefer for preparing maps of the study area. We also thank Captain D. Beam and C. Pape of the MV Montague and Captain D. Janka of the MV Auklet for their support during the tagging cruises, and R. Senkovich for his assistance fabricating the tagging cradle. The paper was critically reviewed by A. K. Gray, J. J. Vollenweider, and W. S. Pegau. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Government or Prince William Sound Science Center. Reference to trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or Prince William Sound Science Center. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 2 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1125948 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DJ6LE UT WOS:000374323600018 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR AF Reyes, Darwin R. TI From microgalaxies to micro-oceans to Warhol's cellular images: the art in science of MicroTAS 2015 SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reyes, Darwin R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2016 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1291 EP 1292 DI 10.1039/c6lc90029a PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DJ5CR UT WOS:000374224900001 PM 27030322 ER PT J AU Harris, JM Headrick, RJ Semler, MR Fagan, JA Pasquali, M Hobbie, EK AF Harris, John M. Headrick, Robert J. Semler, Matthew R. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Pasquali, Matteo Hobbie, Erik K. TI Impact of SWCNT processing on nanotube-silicon heterojunctions SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID JUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; SUSPENSIONS; SUPERACIDS; INTERFACES; LIGHT AB Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are ideal components for thin, flexible, and durable electronic devices. Here, we use a variety of processing approaches to fabricate SWCNT-silicon heterojunctions from both unsorted and chirality-enriched SWCNTs. Through measured structure/processing/property relationships, we quantify the influence of SWCNT purity, alignment and residual doping on device performance and diode characteristics. Our results show that mixed-type unaligned SWCNTs processed in super-acid solvents can achieve state-of-the-art performance. The devices perform comparably to those fabricated from type or chiral-purified SWCNTs, despite what appear to be significant deviations from ideal diode behavior. Our results clarify a direct route for processing nanotube-silicon heterojunctions while providing additional insight into the underlying nature of these devices. C1 [Harris, John M.; Semler, Matthew R.; Hobbie, Erik K.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Headrick, Robert J.; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, POB 1892, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Headrick, Robert J.; Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hobbie, Erik K.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Coatings & Polymer Mat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Phys, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.; Hobbie, EK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Coatings & Polymer Mat, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM erik.hobbie@ndsu.edu RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU NSF [EPS-0814442, CMMI-0969155]; DOE [DE-FG36-08GO88160]; NASA FX EKH acknowledges the support of the NSF through EPS-0814442 and CMMI-0969155 and the support of the DOE through DE-FG36-08GO88160. RJH was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 15 BP 7969 EP 7977 DI 10.1039/c5nr08703a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DJ4FA UT WOS:000374159600022 PM 27009759 ER PT J AU Hasan, E Fagin, T El Alfy, Z Hong, Y AF Hasan, Emad Fagin, Todd El Alfy, Zeinhom Hong, Yang TI Spectral Angle Mapper and aeromagnetic data integration for gold-associated alteration zone mapping: a case study for the Central Eastern Desert Egypt SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AREA; CLASSIFICATION AB The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification technique is integrated with the surface structure and aeromagnetic data to map the potential gold mineralization sites associated within alteration zones in Central Eastern Desert (CED), Egypt. The surface reflectances of the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were classified using the SAM classifier. Five spectral reflectance curves of the alteration minerals (haematite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and quartz) were utilized as end-members for the SAM classification. The surface lineation, and shear zone systems were delineated using ETM+ bands. The deep-seated faults were defined using the Euler deconvolution filter on the gridded aeromagnetic data. The magnetic data analysis inferred the subsurface structural depths range from 500 m to 2000 m. Geographic information system (GIS) overlaying operation was performed using the surface lineation and the subsurface faults layers to identify the structural continuity and to extract the possible migratory pathways of the hydrothermal solutions. Within Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), fuzzy membership operations were applied to identify the prospective alteration sites. The mapped results were compared with global positioning system (GPS) locations of existing alteration zones. The current proposed mapping method is considered a robust tool for decision-making and potential site selection technique for further mineral exploration in CED. C1 [Hasan, Emad; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Hydrometrol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fagin, Todd] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [El Alfy, Zeinhom] Egyptian Geol Survey & Min Author, Cairo, Egypt. [Hasan, Emad] Damietta Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geog, New Damietta, Egypt. RP Hasan, E (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, ARRC, Hydrometrol & Remote Sensing HyDROS Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4646, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM emad.hasan@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU Mission sector of the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research FX The author would like to thank the Mission sector of the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research for providing the financial support to conduct this research in the USA through a PhD scholarship. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1762 EP 1776 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1165887 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ1TO UT WOS:000373987400002 ER PT J AU Meng, F Xin, JY Cao, CY Shao, X Shan, BY Xiao, QF AF Meng, F. Xin, J. Y. Cao, C. Y. Shao, X. Shan, B. Y. Xiao, Q. F. TI Seasonal variations in aerosol optical thickness over eastern China determined from VIIRS data and ground measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DEPTH; MODIS; PM2.5; AERONET; HAZE AB Two-year records of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Intermediate Product (IP) data on aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 550 nm were evaluated by comparing them to sun-sky radiometer measurements from the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The monthly and seasonal variations in the aerosol optical properties over eastern China were then investigated using collocated VIIRS IP data and CSHNET and AERONET measurements. Between 59.2 and 62.1% of the retrieved VIIR IP values fell within the range defined for MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and had similar values for the correlation coefficient (0.880-0.909). The performances of the current VIIRS IP AOT retrievals at the provisional stage were consistent with ground measurements. However, over urban areas, the VIIRS exhibits more scatter and therefore less precision than observed over marine and rural areas. Similar characteristics of seasonal and monthly variations were found among the measurements, though the observational methodologies were different, showing maxima in the summer and spring and minima in the winter and autumn. Although the intensities vary from season to season, the spatial AOT distribution patterns did not change. High-AOT centres were situated in the industrialized coastal regions of China and were related to the distribution of urban areas. C1 [Meng, F.; Shan, B. Y.; Xiao, Q. F.] Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Meng, F.; Shao, X.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Xin, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cao, C. Y.; Shao, X.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI 辛, 金元/F-7310-2012; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 OI 辛, 金元/0000-0003-4243-5072; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413, 41222033]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Programme [XDB05020103] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China: [41271413; 41222033] and the CAS Strategic Priority Research Programme: [XDB05020103]. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1868 EP 1880 DI 10.1080/01431161.2016.1163750 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DJ1TO UT WOS:000373987400008 ER PT J AU Liu, CI Wang, PJ Mi, J Lee, HY Zhang, C Lin, X Chuang, C Aoki, N Elmquist, RE Liang, CT AF Liu, Chieh-I Wang, Pengjie Mi, Jian Lee, Hsin-Yen Zhang, Chi Lin, Xi Chuang, Chiashain Aoki, Nobuyuki Elmquist, Randolph E. Liang, Chi-Te TI Charge Trapping in Monolayer and Multilayer Epitaxial Graphene SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; HETEROSTRUCTURE; TRANSPORT AB We have studied the carrier densities n of multilayer and monolayer epitaxial graphene devices over a wide range of temperatures T. It is found that, in the high temperature regime (typically T >= 200K), ln(n) shows a linear dependence of 1/T, showing activated behavior. Such results yield activation energies Delta E for charge trapping in epitaxial graphene ranging from 196 meV to 34 meV. We find that Delta E decreases with increasing mobility. Vacuum annealing experiments suggest that both adsorbates on EG and the SiC/graphene interface play a role in charge trapping in EG devices. C1 [Liu, Chieh-I; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wang, Pengjie; Mi, Jian; Zhang, Chi; Lin, Xi] Peking Univ, Int Ctr Quantum Mat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lee, Hsin-Yen; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chuang, Chiashain; Aoki, Nobuyuki] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Adv Integrat Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Chuang, Chiashain; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liang, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Lee, HY; Liang, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Chuang, C (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Adv Integrat Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan.; Chuang, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyli.ai@gmail.com; chiashain@gmail.com; ctliang@phys.ntu.edu.tw RI Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009; OI Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949; Wang, Pengjie/0000-0002-1427-6599 FU National Taiwan University [103R4000, 104R7552-2, 105R890932]; 973 Program: NBRP of China [2013CB921903, 2013CB920904]; NSFC [11274020, 11322435]; JSPS FX Hsin-Yen Lee was supported by National Taiwan University (Grant no. 103R4000). Chi Zhang was supported by the 973 Program: NBRP of China (2013CB921903 and 2013CB920904). Xi Lin was supported by the NSFC (Grants nos. 11274020 and 11322435). Chi-Te Liang acknowledges support from National Taiwan University (Grants nos. 104R7552-2 and 105R890932). As an International Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiashain Chuang acknowledges the JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship. The authors would like to thank Yi-Ting Wang and Yanfei Yang for experimental help. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2016 AR 7372812 DI 10.1155/2016/7372812 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DJ2KC UT WOS:000374031900001 ER PT J AU Somers, KA Bernhardt, ES McGlynn, BL Urban, DL AF Somers, Kayleigh A. Bernhardt, Emily S. McGlynn, Brian L. Urban, Dean L. TI Downstream Dissipation of Storm Flow Heat Pulses: A Case Study and its Landscape-Level Implications SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE temperature; urbanization; stormwater management; aquatic ecology ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STREAM TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; URBAN STREAMS; RESTORATION; URBANIZATION; RUNOFF; IMPACT; CATCHMENTS; RESPONSES AB Storms in urban areas route heat and other pollutants from impervious surfaces, via drainage networks, into streams with well-described negative consequences on physical structure and biological integrity. We used heat pulses associated with urban storms as a tracer for pavement-derived stormwater inputs, providing a conservative estimate of the frequency with which these pollutants are transported into and through protected stream reaches. Our study was conducted within a 1.5-km reach in Durham, North Carolina, whose headwaters begin in suburban stormwater pipes before flowing through 1km of protected, 100-year-old forest. We recorded heat-pulse magnitudes and distances travelled downstream, analyzing how they varied with storm and antecedent flow conditions. We found heat pulses >1 degrees C traveled more than 1km downstream of urban inputs in 11 storms over one year. This best-case management scenario of a reach within a protected forest shows that urban impacts can travel far downstream of inputs. Air temperature and flow intensity controlled heat-pulse magnitude, while heat-pulse size, mean flow, and total precipitation controlled dissipation distance. As temperatures and sudden storms intensify with climate change, heat-pulse magnitude and dissipation distance will likely increase. Streams in urbanized landscapes, such as Durham municipality, where 98.9% of streams are within 1 downstream km of stormwater outfalls, will be increasingly impacted by urban stormwaters. C1 [Somers, Kayleigh A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McGlynn, Brian L.; Urban, Dean L.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Somers, KA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kayleigh.somers@gmail.com RI McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12382 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DI9FZ UT WOS:000373808800002 ER PT J AU Yen, H Hoque, YM Wang, XY Harmel, RD AF Yen, Haw Hoque, Yamen M. Wang, Xiuying Harmel, Robert Daren TI Applications of Explicitly Incorporated/Post-Processing Measurement Uncertainty in Watershed Modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE measurement uncertainty; model calibration; SWAT; uncertainty analysis; IPEAT ID GOODNESS-OF-FIT; QUALITY MODELS; SWAT MODEL; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT; RIVER AB In the field of watershed modeling, the impact of measurement uncertainty (MU) on calibration results indicates the potential issue of inaccurate model predictions. It is important to note that MU refers to the uncertainty in measured data such as flow and nutrient values that are used to evaluate model outputs. The calculation of error statistics assuming measured data are deterministic may not be appropriate as has been frequently stated in literature. Although MU can affect model calibration results, it is rarely incorporated in modeling practice. MU can be incorporated in two schemes: explicitly incorporated (MU-EI) during model calibration and post-processed (MU-PP) after calibration is completed. In this study, both schemes are implemented in a case study of the Arroyo Colorado Watershed, Texas. Unexpectedly, no substantial differences were observed between each scheme for flow predictions. Although MU did not cause dramatic differences in most sediment and NH4-N predictions, error statistics were affected in cases with MU greater than 50%, especially for sediment and NH4-N. Therefore, it is concluded that MU may not exert a significant impact on model predictions until certain threshold is reached. This study demonstrates that high levels of uncertainty in measured calibration/validation data significantly affect parameter estimation, especially in the auto-calibration process. C1 [Yen, Haw; Wang, Xiuying] Texas A&M Agrilife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Hoque, Yamen M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Middle Atlantic River Forecast Ctr, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. [Harmel, Robert Daren] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Yen, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Agrilife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 East Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM hyen@brc.tamus.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) - Wildlife and Cropland components FX This project was funded by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) - Wildlife and Cropland components. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 523 EP 540 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12401 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA DI9FZ UT WOS:000373808800017 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, S McGehee, WR Schaefer, JL Wilson, TM Twedt, KA Chang, EH Soles, CL Oleshko, VP McClelland, JJ AF Takeuchi, Saya McGehee, William R. Schaefer, Jennifer L. Wilson, Truman M. Twedt, Kevin A. Chang, Eddie H. Soles, Christopher L. Oleshko, Vladimir P. McClelland, Jabez J. TI Communication-Comparison of Nanoscale Focused Ion Beam and Electrochemical Lithiation in beta-Sn Microspheres SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM AB The development of Li focused ion beams (Li-FIB) enables controlled Li ion insertion into materials with nanoscale resolution. We take the first step toward establishing the relevance of the Li-FIB for studies of ion dynamics in electrochemically active materials by comparing FIB lithiation with conventional electrochemical lithiation of isolated beta-Sn microspheres. Samples are characterized by cross-sectioning with Ga FIB and imaging via electron microscopy. The Li-FIB and electrochemical lithiated Sn exhibit similarities that suggest that the Li-FIB can be a powerful tool for exploring dynamical Li ion-material interactions at the nanoscale in a range of battery materials. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Takeuchi, Saya; Soles, Christopher L.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McGehee, William R.; Wilson, Truman M.; Twedt, Kevin A.; Chang, Eddie H.; McClelland, Jabez J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schaefer, Jennifer L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Twedt, Kevin A.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, Truman M.; Twedt, Kevin A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP McClelland, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX The authors acknowledge Gery Stafford, John Cumings, Andrei Kolmakov, and David Gundlach for helpful discussions as well as Joshua Schumacher and Kerry Siebein for help with FIB/FESEM measurements. WRM, JLS, and TMW acknowledge support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. KAT acknowledges support under Cooperative Agreement 70NANB10H193 between the University of Maryland and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 6 BP A1010 EP A1012 DI 10.1149/2.1161606jes PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DJ1SY UT WOS:000373985300097 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Hwang, JC AF Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong C. BE Elwell, CE Leung, TS Harrison, DK TI Simultaneous Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen Pressure and Oxyhemoglobin Spectra in Solution SO OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXVII SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of International-Society-on-Oxygen-Transport-to-Tissue CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2014 CL Univ Coll London, Manchester, ENGLAND SP Hitachi High Tech, Hamamatsu Photon, NanoBlood LLC, Seahorse Bioscience, Baker Ruskinn, Gowerlabs, Moor Instruments, Swiss Innovat Concepts AG Secret Training, Oxford Optron HO Univ Coll London DE Oximetry; Calibration; Oxyhemoglobin; sO(2); Deoxyhemoglobin ID BLOOD; EQUATIONS; PCO2; PO2 AB The measurement of the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation (sO(2)) in superficial tissues using optical reflectance imaging has been useful in the clinical venue especially in temporally demanding applications such as monitoring tissue oxygenation during surgery. The measurement is based on relative spectrometry of oxy-and deoxyhemoglobin in tissues. We titrated deoxyhemoglobin with oxygen gas and simultaneously measured the dissolved oxygen pressure and the visible absorbance spectra to verify spectral shapes at different saturations. sO(2) values derived from the measured pO(2) are compared to those derived from the hemoglobin spectra at various stages of oxygenation. C1 [Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maritoni.litorja@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-3023-4; 978-1-4939-3022-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 876 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_48 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physiology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Physiology GA BE6CG UT WOS:000373880600049 PM 26782236 ER PT S AU Moody, D Perlner, R AF Moody, Dustin Perlner, Ray BE Takagi, T TI Vulnerabilities of "McEliece in the World of Escher" SO POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, PQCRYPTO 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQCrypto) CY FEB 24-26, 2016 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Inst Syst, Informat Technologies & Nanotechnologies, ID Quantique, Fukuoka Convent & Vistors Bur, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci DE Information set decoding; Code-based cryptography; McEliece PKC; McEliece in the World of Escher AB Recently, Gligoroski et al. proposed code-based encryption and signature schemes using list decoding, blockwise triangular private keys, and a nonuniform error pattern based on "generalized error sets." The general approach was referred to as McEliece in the World of Escher. This paper demonstrates attacks which are significantly cheaper than the claimed security level of the parameters given by Gligoroski et al. We implemented an attack on the proposed 80-bit parameters which was able to recover private keys for both encryption and signatures in approximately 2 hours on a single laptop. We further find that increasing the parameters to avoid our attack will require parameters to grow by (at least) two orders of magnitude for encryption, and may not be achievable at all for signatures. C1 [Moody, Dustin; Perlner, Ray] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Perlner, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dustin.moody@nist.gov; ray.perlner@nist.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-29360-8; 978-3-319-29359-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9606 BP 104 EP 117 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29360-8_8 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE6FS UT WOS:000374049600008 ER PT S AU Cartor, R Gipson, R Smith-Tone, D Vates, J AF Cartor, Ryann Gipson, Ryan Smith-Tone, Daniel Vates, Jeremy BE Takagi, T TI On the Differential Security of the HFEv-Signature Primitive SO POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, PQCRYPTO 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQCrypto) CY FEB 24-26, 2016 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Inst Syst, Informat Technologies & Nanotechnologies, ID Quantique, Fukuoka Convent & Vistors Bur, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci DE Multivariate cryptography; HFEv-; Discrete differential; MinRank; Q-rank ID CRYPTANALYSIS; POLYNOMIALS; FIELDS; SCHEME AB Multivariate Public Key Cryptography (MPKC) is one of the most attractive post-quantum options for digital signatures in a wide array of applications. The history of multivariate signature schemes is tumultuous, however, and solid security arguments are required to inspire faith in the schemes and to verify their security against yet undiscovered attacks. The effectiveness of "differential attacks" on various field-based systems has prompted the investigation of the resistance of schemes against differential adversaries. Due to its prominence in the area and the recent optimization of its parameters, we prove the security of HFEv(-) against differential adversaries. We investigate the newly suggested parameters and conclude that the proposed scheme is secure against all known attacks and against any differential adversary. C1 [Cartor, Ryann; Gipson, Ryan; Smith-Tone, Daniel; Vates, Jeremy] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Smith-Tone, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith-Tone, D (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.; Smith-Tone, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryann.cartor@louisville.edu; ryan.gipson@louisville.edu; daniel.smith@nist.gov; jeremy.vates@louisville.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-29360-8; 978-3-319-29359-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9606 BP 162 EP 181 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29360-8_11 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE6FS UT WOS:000374049600011 ER PT S AU Perlner, R Smith-Tone, D AF Perlner, Ray Smith-Tone, Daniel BE Takagi, T TI Security Analysis and Key Modification for ZHFE SO POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, PQCRYPTO 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQCrypto) CY FEB 24-26, 2016 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN SP CREST, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Inst Syst, Informat Technologies & Nanotechnologies, ID Quantique, Fukuoka Convent & Vistors Bur, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci DE Multivariate cryptography; HFE; ZHFE; Discrete differential; MinRank; Q-rank ID CRYPTANALYSIS; POLYNOMIALS; ALGORITHMS; RAINBOW; FIELDS; SCHEME; HFE AB ZHFE, designed by Porras et al., is one of the few promising candidates for a multivariate public-key encryption algorithm. In this article we extend and expound upon the existing security analysis on this scheme. We prove security against differential adversaries, complementing a more accurate and robust discussion of resistance to rank and algebraic attacks. We further suggest a modification, ZHFE(-), a multivariate encryption scheme which retains the security and performance properties of ZHFE while optimizing key size in this theoretical framework. C1 [Perlner, Ray; Smith-Tone, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith-Tone, Daniel] Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Smith-Tone, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Smith-Tone, D (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Math, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM ray.perlner@nist.gov; daniel.smith@nist.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-29360-8; 978-3-319-29359-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9606 BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-29360-8_13 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE6FS UT WOS:000374049600013 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Dake, J AF Sisco, Edward Dake, Jeffrey TI Detection of low molecular weight adulterants in beverages by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; DART; VERIFICATION; ESTERS; ACID AB Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) has been used to detect the presence of non-narcotic adulterants in beverages. The non-narcotic adulterants that were examined in this work incorporated a number low molecular weight alcohols, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium hypochlorite. Analysis of the adulterants was completed by pipetting 1 mu L deposits onto glass microcapillaries along with an appropriate dopant species followed by introduction into the DART gas stream. It was found that detection of these compounds in the complex matrices of common beverages (soda, energy drinks, etc.) was simplified through the use of a dopant species to allow for adduct formation with the desired compound(s) of interest. Other parameters that were investigated included DART gas stream temperature, in source collision induced dissociation, ion polarity, and DART needle voltage. Sensitivities of the technique were found to range from 0.001% volume fraction to 0.1% volume fraction, comparable to traditional analyses completed using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/ MS). Once a method was established using aqueous solutions, fifteen beverages were spiked with each of the nine adulterants, to simulate real world detection, and in nearly all cases the adulterant could be detected either in pure form, or complexed with the added dopant species. This technique provides a rapid way to directly analyze beverages believed to be contaminated with non-narcotic adulterants at sensitivities similar to or exceeding those of traditional confirmatory analyses. C1 [Sisco, Edward] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dake, Jeffrey] US Army Criminal Invest Lab, Chem & Firearms Branch, Gillem Enclave, GA 30297 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.sisco@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 14 BP 2971 EP 2978 DI 10.1039/c6ay00292g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DI3ZV UT WOS:000373440600016 PM 27335585 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Butry, DT Thomas, DS AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Butry, David T. Thomas, Douglas S. TI The net benefits of human-ignited wildfire forecasting: the case of tribal land units in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE arson; autoregressive; human-caused; incendiary; law enforcement; wildfire hotspotting ID PROGRAMS; ARSON; TIME; FIRE AB Research shows that some categories of human-ignited wildfires may be forecastable, owing to their temporal clustering, with the possibility that resources could be predeployed to help reduce the incidence of such wildfires. We estimated several kinds of incendiary and other human-ignited wildfire forecast models at the weekly time step for tribal land units in the United States, evaluating their forecast skill out of sample. Analyses show that an autoregressive conditional Poisson model of both incendiary and non-incendiary human-ignited wildfires is more accurate out of sample compared with alternatives, and the simplest of the autoregressive conditional Poisson models performed the best. Additionally, an ensemble of these and simpler, less analytically intensive approaches performed even better. Wildfire hotspot forecast models using all model types were evaluated in a simulation mode to assess the net benefits of forecasts in the context of law-enforcement resource reallocations. Our analyses show that such hotspot tools could yield large positive net benefits for the tribes in terms of suppression expenditures averted for incendiary wildfires but that the hotspot tools were less likely to be beneficial for addressing outbreaks of non-incendiary human-ignited wildfires. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butry, David T.; Thomas, Douglas S.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2016 VL 25 IS 4 BP 390 EP 402 DI 10.1071/WF15128 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA DI7VF UT WOS:000373709400003 ER PT J AU Zarr, RR Filliben, JJ AF Zarr, Robert R. Filliben, James J. TI Sensitivity Analysis for a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus: A Methodology Based on Orthogonal Experiment Designs SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE experimental design; fractional factorial; full factorial; guarded hot plate; fibrous glass board; orthogonal; ruggedness; sensitivity; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation AB Results and analyses of a sensitivity study of six controlled variables on the response of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 500mm guarded-hot-plate apparatus are presented. The effects of four factors held constant as well as three uncontrolled environmental variables were also examined. The goal of the study is to derive a sensitivity analysis ranking of the relative importance of factors and interactions affecting the apparatus. Sixty-six thermal conductivity measurements were conducted across three experiments at a mean temperature of 310 K for a pair of fibrous-glass specimens (120 kg.m(-3)) having nominal dimensions 500mm in diameter and 26mm in thickness. The apparatus response was studied using an orthogonal fractional factorial design, a one-factor-at-a-time design, and a full factorial design for a subset of factors from the fractionated design. The results indicate that most important factor affecting the thermal conductivity measurement was the temperature difference across the air space separating the central meter plate and the surrounding guard plate, described here as the gap temperature difference (Delta T-g). The study also revealed an interaction between the gap temperature difference and the temperature difference across the specimen (Delta T-avg). An empirical model for the results of the sensitivity study is presented. Results of the gap temperature difference (Delta T-g) are similar to published results from another guarded-hot-plate apparatus. Improvements for equipment operation, as well as insights to the sources of experimental uncertainty, are presented. C1 [Zarr, Robert R.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.zarr@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 102 EP 120 DI 10.1520/JTE20140287 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA DJ0RG UT WOS:000373911500010 ER PT J AU Benkstein, KD Hurst, WS Meier, DC Chu, PM AF Benkstein, K. D. Hurst, W. S. Meier, D. C. Chu, P. M. TI Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis of Gas Mixtures for Homeland Security Applications SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE toxic industrial chemicals; FT-IR absorption spectroscopy; quantitative analysis ID FORMALDEHYDE; DATABASE AB Chemical detectors are crucial tools for first responders during emergency-response scenarios and for continuous monitoring of public spaces for general safety. For those who depend upon chemical detectors for safety and security, ensuring that detectors alarm at specified levels is critical. During detector performance evaluation, the accurate delivery of known concentrations of the chemical target to the detector is a key aspect of the test. Referee methods enable the analyte test concentration and associated uncertainties in the analyte test concentration to be validated by independent analysis, which is especially important for reactive analytes. This work demonstrates a method to use Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy for quantitatively evaluating the composition of vapor streams containing hazardous materials at acute exposure guideline levels (AEGL) under test conditions defined in recently published standard specifications for chemical vapor detectors. The described method covers the use of primary reference spectra to establish analyte concentrations, the generation of secondary reference spectra suitable for measuring analyte concentrations under specified testing environments, and the use of referee feedback to compensate for depletion of the test analyte. Important benefits of this approach included verification of the test analyte concentration with characterized uncertainties by in situ measurements co-located with the detector under test, near-real-time feedback, and broad applicability to toxic industrial chemicals. C1 [Benkstein, K. D.; Hurst, W. S.; Meier, D. C.; Chu, P. M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQPM-13-X-00191] FX The writers would like to thank the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate for funding this work under agreement # HSHQPM-13-X-00191. The writers also acknowledge the technical assistance of W. Ausherman in assembling the testing equipment. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 320 EP 328 DI 10.1520/JTE20150019 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA DJ0RG UT WOS:000373911500030 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Liggio, J Wentzell, J Li, SM Stark, H Roberts, JM Gilman, J Lerner, B Warneke, C Li, R Leithead, A Osthoff, HD Wild, R Brown, SS de Gouw, JA AF Yuan, Bin Liggio, John Wentzell, Jeremy Li, Shao-Meng Stark, Harald Roberts, James M. Gilman, Jessica Lerner, Brian Warneke, Carsten Li, Rui Leithead, Amy Osthoff, Hans D. Wild, Robert Brown, Steven S. de Gouw, Joost A. TI Secondary formation of nitrated phenols: insights from observations during the Uintah BasinWinter Ozone Study (UBWOS) 2014 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETER; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BROWN CARBON; AMBIENT AIR; OH RADICALS; NITROPHENOLS; AEROSOL; TIME AB We describe the results from online measurements of nitrated phenols using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) with acetate as reagent ion in an oil and gas production region in January and February of 2014. Strong diurnal profiles were observed for nitrated phenols, with concentration maxima at night. Based on known markers (CH4, NOx, CO2), primary emissions of nitrated phenols were not important in this study. A box model was used to simulate secondary formation of phenol, nitrophenol (NP), and dinitrophenols (DNP). The box model results indicate that oxidation of aromatics in the gas phase can explain the observed concentrations of NP and DNP in this study. Photolysis was the most efficient loss pathway for NP in the gas phase. We show that aqueous-phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions were minor sources of nitrated phenols in our study. This study demonstrates that the emergence of new ToF-CIMS (including PTR-TOF) techniques allows for the measurement of intermediate oxygenates at low levels and these measurements improve our understanding on the evolution of primary VOCs in the atmosphere. C1 [Yuan, Bin; Roberts, James M.; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Warneke, Carsten; Li, Rui; Brown, Steven S.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Bin; Stark, Harald; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Warneke, Carsten; Li, Rui; Wild, Robert; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liggio, John; Wentzell, Jeremy; Li, Shao-Meng; Leithead, Amy] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Brown, Steven S.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yuan, B (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.; Yuan, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bin.yuan@noaa.gov RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493 FU Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD); Bureau of Land Management (BLM); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Utah State University; Western Energy Alliance; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle program; Questar Energy Products FX The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies were a joint project led and coordinated by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) and supported by the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Utah State University. This work was funded in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate and Carbon Cycle program. We thank Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. Chemical compositions of aerosol were provided by Tim Bates and James Johnson from NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) at the University of Washington. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 4 BP 2139 EP 2153 DI 10.5194/acp-16-2139-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7KC UT WOS:000372971500018 ER PT J AU Wolfe, GM Kaiser, J Hanisco, TF Keutsch, FN de Gouw, JA Gilman, JB Graus, M Hatch, CD Holloway, J Horowitz, LW Lee, BH Lerner, BM Lopez-Hilifiker, F Mao, J Marvin, MR Peischl, J Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Thornton, JA Veres, PR Warneke, C AF Wolfe, G. M. Kaiser, J. Hanisco, T. F. Keutsch, F. N. de Gouw, J. A. Gilman, J. B. Graus, M. Hatch, C. D. Holloway, J. Horowitz, L. W. Lee, B. H. Lerner, B. M. Lopez-Hilifiker, F. Mao, J. Marvin, M. R. Peischl, J. Pollack, I. B. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Thornton, J. A. Veres, P. R. Warneke, C. TI Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NOx regimes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; AIRBORNE FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; RATE CONSTANTS; IMPACT; METHACROLEIN; AEROSOL AB The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, nonlinear function of NOx (i. e., NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall photochemical mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the southeast US, we quantify HCHO production across the urban-rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and its major first-generation oxidation products allows us to define both a "prompt" yield of HCHO (molecules of HCHO produced per molecule of freshly emitted isoprene) and the background HCHO mixing ratio (from oxidation of longer-lived hydrocarbons). Over the range of observed NOx values (roughly 0.1-2 ppbv), the prompt yield increases by a factor of 3 (from 0.3 to 0.9 ppbv ppbv(-1)), while background HCHO increases by a factor of 2 (from 1.6 to 3.3 ppbv). We apply the same method to evaluate the performance of both a global chemical transport model (AM3) and a measurement-constrained 0-D steady-state box model. Both models reproduce the NOx dependence of the prompt HCHO yield, illustrating that models with updated isoprene oxidation mechanisms can adequately capture the link between HCHO and recent isoprene emissions. On the other hand, both models underestimate background HCHO mixing ratios, suggesting missing HCHO precursors, inadequate representation of later-generation isoprene degradation and/or underestimated hydroxyl radical concentrations. Detailed process rates from the box model simulation demonstrate a 3-fold increase in HCHO production across the range of observed NOx values, driven by a 100% increase in OH and a 40% increase in branching of organic peroxy radical reactions to produce HCHO. C1 [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.; Hanisco, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kaiser, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keutsch, F. N.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J.; Lerner, B. M.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Graus, M.; Holloway, J.; Lerner, B. M.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Hatch, C. D.] Hendrix Coll, Dept Chem, Conway, AR USA. [Horowitz, L. W.; Mao, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, B. H.; Lopez-Hilifiker, F.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Marvin, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Graus, M.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Lopez-Hilifiker, F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Wolfe, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.; Wolfe, GM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM glenn.m.wolfe@nasa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867 FU US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83540601]; NASA [NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS]; NASA ACCDAM grant [NNX14AP48G]; NASA ESSF grant [NNX14AK97H]; Hendrix faculty grant; Hendrix College Odyssey program; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310071] FX We are grateful to NOAA AOC and the flight crew of the WP-3D for enabling a super awesome mission. HCHO measurement efforts were supported by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant 83540601 and NASA grant NNH10ZDA001N-SEAC4RS. Analysis was supported by NASA ACCDAM grant NNX14AP48G. J. Kaiser acknowledges support from NASA ESSF grant NNX14AK97H. C. D. Hatch was supported by the Hendrix faculty grant and the Hendrix College Odyssey program. J. Mao and L. W. Horowitz acknowledge support from NOAA Climate Program Office grant # NA13OAR4310071. This research has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 4 BP 2597 EP 2610 DI 10.5194/acp-16-2597-2016 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7KC UT WOS:000372971500045 ER PT J AU Obeng, YS Okoro, CA Amoah, PK Franklin, RR Kabos, P AF Obeng, Yaw S. Okoro, Chukwudi A. Amoah, Papa K. Franklin, Rhonda R. Kabos, Pavel TI Low Frequency Radio Wave Detection of Electrically Active Defects in Dielectrics SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; AMORPHOUS SILICA; FILMS; RELIABILITY; LAYER; CONDUCTIVITY; RELAXATION; DIOXIDE; VIAS AB In this paper, we discuss the use of low frequency (up to 300 MHz) radio waves (RF) to detect and characterize electrical defects present in the dielectrics of emerging integrated circuit devices. As an illustration, the technique is used to monitor the impact of thermal cycling on the RF signal characteristics (S-parameters, such as S-11 and S-21) of electrically active defects in three dimensional (3D) interconnects. The observed changes in the electrical characteristics of the interconnects were traced to changes in the chemistry of the isolation dielectric used in the through silicon via (TSV) construction; specifically to the conversion of chemical intermediates such as non-bridging silanol (Si-OH) to bridging siloxane (Si-O-Si). We suggest that these "chemical defects" inherent in the 'as-manufactured' products may be responsible for some of the unexplained early reliability failures observed in TSV enabled 3D devices. This low frequency RF technique could be optimized to complement, and in some cases compete favorably with, other thin film metrology techniques, such as ellipsometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), for mass production environments. (C) The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. C1 [Obeng, Yaw S.; Okoro, Chukwudi A.] NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Okoro, Chukwudi A.] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Amoah, Papa K.] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Franklin, Rhonda R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Obeng, YS (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn Phys, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yaw.obeng@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB15H021] FX Helpful discussions with Dr. Martin Greene and Dr. Christina Hacker are acknowledged with sincere thanks. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under grant 70NANB15H021. The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 5 IS 4 BP P3025 EP P3030 DI 10.1149/2.0051604jss PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DI0UJ UT WOS:000373212500006 ER PT J AU Lavoie, M Levasseur, M Sunda, WG AF Lavoie, Michel Levasseur, Maurice Sunda, William G. TI A steady-state physiological model for intracellular dimethylsulfoxide in marine phytoplankton SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMS(P) and Related Compounds CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Inst Ciencies Mar, Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Minist Sci & Innovat, CSIC, SCOR HO Inst Ciencies Mar DE diatoms; dimethylsulfoniopropionate; dimethylsulfide; DMS; DMSO; DMSP; prymnesiophytes; reactive oxygen species ID OCEANIC PHYTOPLANKTON; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; DISSOLVED DMSO; ROSS SEA; SULFUR; PERMEABILITY; SEAWATER; WATERS; DIMETHYLSULPHONIOPROPIONATE; ANTARCTICA AB Environmental context Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is important in the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur. Using a mathematical flux model of DMSO production and loss rates, we find that the high intracellular DMSO concentrations measured in phytoplankton cannot be produced without invoking unrealistically high intracellular concentrations of the precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate, or much lower phytoplankton cellular efflux rates than currently reported. Our study emphasises the need for further investigations of DMSO fluxes across intracellular and outer cell membranes. Abstract Despite 20+ years of research, the mechanisms whereby marine phytoplankton accumulate high dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations (up to 1-70mmol per litre of cell volume) are still puzzling. In order to evaluate reported intracellular DMSO concentrations, we constructed a kinetic steady-state rate model of intracellular DMSO concentrations in microalgae based on reported DMSO production from the oxidation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and loss by diffusion out of the cell. Based on measured rates of DMSO diffusion across the outer cell membrane of model algal species, the steady-state model indicates that sustaining intracellular DMSO concentrations in the millimolar range by the oxidation of intracellular DMSP would require steady-state intracellular DMSP concentrations that are 40 to 10000 times higher than values measured in prymnesiophytes and diatoms, high- and low-DMSP algal groups. However, if DMSO is mainly produced within the chloroplast by the oxidation of DMSP by photosynthetically produced reactive oxygen species, it would have to diffuse through multiple chloroplast membranes before being lost from the cell across the outer membrane. Consequently, its loss rate might be considerably slower than our model predicts, allowing the build-up of higher intracellular DMSO concentrations. Possible biases in sample handling and DMSO analyses could also explain the discrepancy between modelled and measured intracellular DMSO. C1 [Lavoie, Michel; Levasseur, Maurice] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, CNRS, Quebec Ocean & Unite Mixte Int Takuv Ulaval, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Sunda, William G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Levasseur, M (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, CNRS, Quebec Ocean & Unite Mixte Int Takuv Ulaval, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. EM maurice.levasseur@bio.ulaval.ca NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1071/EN14221 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DH8SU UT WOS:000373067500004 ER PT J AU Woosley, RJ Millero, FJ Wanninkhof, R AF Woosley, Ryan J. Millero, Frank J. Wanninkhof, Rik TI Rapid anthropogenic changes in CO2 and pH in the Atlantic Ocean: 2003-2014 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INORGANIC CARBON; WATER MASSES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; SATURATION STATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB The extended multilinear regression method is used to determine the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon in the Atlantic Ocean based on repeat occupations of four cruises from 1989 to 2014 (A16, A20, A22, and A10), with an emphasis on the 2003-2014 period. The results show a significant increase in basin-wide anthropogenic carbon storage in the North Atlantic, which absorbed 4.4 +/- 0.9 Pg C decade(-1) from 2003 to 2014 compared to 1.9 +/- 0.4 Pg C decade(-1) for the 1989-2003 period. This decadal variability is attributed to changing ventilation patterns associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and increasing release of anthropogenic carbon into the atmosphere. There are small changes in the uptake rate of CO2 in the South Atlantic for these time periods (3.7 +/- 0.8 Pg C decade(-1) versus 3.2 +/- 0.7 Pg C decade(-1)). Several eddies are identified containing similar to 20% more anthropogenic carbon than the surrounding waters in the South Atlantic demonstrating the importance of eddies in transporting anthropogenic carbon. The uptake of carbon results in a decrease in pH of similar to 0.0021 +/- 0.0007 year(-1) for surface waters during the last 10 years, in line with the atmospheric increase in CO2. C1 [Woosley, Ryan J.; Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Millero, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu FU Oceanographic Section of the National Science Foundation; Climate Observation and Monitoring Division of the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. GOSHIP FX The authors wish to acknowledge the long-term support of the Oceanographic Section of the National Science Foundation and the Climate Observation and Monitoring Division of the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for supporting this study and the U.S. repeat hydrography cruises currently under the auspices of U.S. GOSHIP. The dedication of the many scientists, officers, and crew of the research ships who executed the seagoing work were instrumental to success of the cruises and quality data. NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 70 EP 90 DI 10.1002/2015GB005248 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7HR UT WOS:000372964300006 ER PT S AU Carlson, AD Pronyaev, VG Capote, R Hale, GM Hambsch, FJ Kawano, T Kunieda, S Mannhart, W Nelson, RO Neudecker, D Schillebeeckx, P Simakov, S Smith, DL Talou, P Tao, X Wallner, A Wang, W AF Carlson, A. D. Pronyaev, V. G. Capote, R. Hale, G. M. Hambsch, F. -J. Kawano, T. Kunieda, S. Mannhart, W. Nelson, R. O. Neudecker, D. Schillebeeckx, P. Simakov, S. Smith, D. L. Talou, P. Tao, X. Wallner, A. Wang, W. BE Lyoussi, A TI Toward a New Evaluation of Neutron Standards SO ISRD 15 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REACTOR DOSIMETRY SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry (ISRD) CY MAY 18-23, 2014 CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE SP CEA Cadarache, European Working Grp Reactor Dosimetry, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E10 Nucl Technol & Applicat, AREVA, EDF, Aix Marseille Univ, Fac Sci, Filiere Instrumentat, European Nucl Soc, Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Energy Agcy, Westinghouse ID CAPTURE CROSS-SECTION; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; N-TOF; SPECTRA; FACILITY; ENERGY; GELINA; CERN AB Measurements related to neutron cross section standards and certain prompt neutron fission spectra are being evaluated. In addition to the standard cross sections, investigations of reference data that are not as well known as the standards are being considered. Procedures and codes for performing this work are discussed. A number of libraries will use the results of this standards evaluation for new versions of their libraries. Most of these data have applications in neutron dosimetry. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, V. G.] IPPE, Bondarenko Sq 1, Obninsk 249033, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Capote, R.; Simakov, S.] IAEA, NAPC, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Hale, G. M.; Kawano, T.; Nelson, R. O.; Neudecker, D.; Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hambsch, F. -J.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC, JRC, IRMM, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Kunieda, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nucl Data Ctr, 2-4 Shirane Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Mannhart, W.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Org 6 4, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tao, X.; Wang, W.] CNDC, China Inst Atom Energy, POB 275 41, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Wallner, A.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Nucl Phys, Bldg 57, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-1929-4 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 106 AR 04002 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201610604002 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE5CT UT WOS:000372590700038 ER PT J AU Crosson, S AF Crosson, Scott TI The Affordable Care Act and Opportunities for Change in North Carolina's Commercial Fisheries SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Affordable Care Act; ACA; commercial fisheries; fisheries management; fishing communities; health care ID HEALTH-INSURANCE; INJURIES; COVERAGE; LOSSES; SAFETY AB Commercial fishing is generally hazardous, but some types of commercial fishing are more dangerous than others. Since much of the fishing industry is composed of small family-owned businesses, commercial fishermen often have to rely on the private health insurance markets. Do commercial fishermen working in more dangerous areas or with more dangerous gear mitigate their risk by purchasing health insurance? I examine the relationship between the economics of the North Carolina commercial fishing fleet and private market health insurance purchases in the two years immediately preceding the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. Establishing this baseline is important, as the slow implementation of the Act's expanded coverage will take time to make meaningful impacts on commercial fishing fleets. I close by considering which aspects of commercial fishing might be most affected by the ACA. C1 [Crosson, Scott] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Crosson, S (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM scott.crosson@noaa.gov OI Crosson, Scott/0000-0002-8126-1282 FU NOAA [NA05NMF4741003] FX I thank the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries for continued access to their original data and for agreeing to participate in a follow-up study. Data collection was conducted under the Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act (ACFCMA) and funded under NOAA Award Number NA05NMF4741003. I also thank the session attendees at the 2015 North American Association of Fisheries Economists conference for their many helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are mine and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2016 VL 31 IS 2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1086/685099 PG 9 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA DH3EN UT WOS:000372670400001 ER PT J AU Bauer, P Magnusson, L Thepaut, JN Hamill, TM AF Bauer, P. Magnusson, L. Thepaut, Jean-Noel Hamill, Thomas M. TI Aspects of ECMWF model performance in polar areas SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE polar weather prediction; forecast verification; ensemble analyses; TIGGE ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; FORECASTING SYSTEM; CLIMATE; SKILL; PROJECT; ERRORS AB Global numerical weather prediction skill over polar areas is assessed, mostly based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) system but also the Met Office, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Environment Canada and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analysis data. Polar forecast verification against analyses shows a similar trend of forecast improvement over the past 12 years compared with improvements at lower latitudes. These improvements are presumably due to increased model resolution and model sophistication, improved data assimilation methods and increased observational data coverage and better data quality. By comparing ECMWF's real-time forecast skill changes against those from reforecasts initialized from reanalyses, it is possible to quantify how much of the improvement is from system improvements and how much is attributable to weather variability. Ensemble skill also improved over time and, again, consistently across latitudes. The quality of analyses serving for forecast verification and initialization has been investigated further. An intercomparison of The Observing system Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) analyses and forecasts revealed substantial differences for surface parameters, but also at lower levels in the troposphere, where most of the physical processes relevant to weather in the short-to-medium range take place over the poles. The differences between the TIGGE analyses were generally much larger than differences between members of the ECMWF 4D-Var ensemble of analyses generated internally at ECMWF. This suggests that neither the multi-analysis approach nor ensemble data assimilation may represent polar analysis uncertainty properly. This is particularly visible at the surface and lower levels in the atmosphere. Forecast spread and error match much better north of 65 degrees N where less atmospheric variability prevails along the entire forecast range, while in areas of significant synoptic activity the spread also appears too low. C1 [Bauer, P.; Magnusson, L.; Thepaut, Jean-Noel] ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bauer, P (reprint author), ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM peter.bauer@ecmwf.int NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 142 IS 695 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.1002/qj.2449 PN B PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7DJ UT WOS:000372951300006 ER PT J AU Kingsmill, DE Persson, POG Haimov, S Shupe, MD AF Kingsmill, David E. Persson, P. Ola G. Haimov, Samuel Shupe, Matthew D. TI Mountain waves and orographic precipitation in a northern Colorado winter storm SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mountain wave; orographic precipitation; Park Range; Doppler radar ID IDEALIZED SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORM; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; AIRBORNE RADAR; GRAVITY-WAVES; LINEAR-THEORY; LIQUID WATER; IPEX IOP3; PART I AB This study characterizes mountain waves and orographic precipitation associated with a winter storm passing over the approximate to 3.5 km above mean sea level (MSL) Park Range of northern Colorado on 15 December 2010. Observations from an airborne vertically pointing Doppler radar are used to document reflectivity and horizontal and vertical velocity in 13 two-dimensional vertical planes extending across the Park Range from upstream of the windward slope, over the crest and downstream of the lee slope. The winter storm investigated in this study is associated with a general zonal flow over the western continental USA and significant vertical wind shear between 700 and 500 hPa. A vertically propagating wave forced by the Park Range is most evident above 4 km MSL and associated with relatively wide, upstream-tilted updraughts and downdraughts located above the Park Range windward and lee slopes, respectively. The Park Range also forces a trapped lee wave that manifests itself as a relatively erect updraught approximate to 15-20 km east of the crest. Smaller-scale trapped lee waves forced by terrain upstream of the Park Range are evident below 4 km MSL and associated with rotor circulations composed of relatively narrow updraughts and downdraughts located above the Yampa Valley and the Park Range windward slope. A approximate to 1 km thick layer of strong vertical shear exists between the mountain waves forced by the Park Range and those forced by upstream terrain. This shear layer exhibits a large vertical displacement over the Park Range, with relatively strong westerly winds plunging to low levels over the lee slope. While precipitation on the Park Range windward slope is generally enhanced for the event, data analysed for this case surprisingly does not show a spatially and temporally consistent correlation between mountain-wave kinematic structures and orographic precipitation. Transient processes such as wave-regime interactions may have masked this correlation. C1 [Kingsmill, David E.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingsmill, David E.; Persson, P. Ola G.; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Haimov, Samuel] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Kingsmill, DE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM david.kingsmill@Colorado.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0964238] FX The authors thank the UWKA pilots and technicians who flew the CAMPS missions and processed the resulting datasets. Linnea Avallone served as Mission Scientist for the UWKA flight examined in this study, which facilitated the collection of a great dataset. Gannet Hallar and Jay Mace provided useful information about various StormVEx datasets. We appreciate the feedback received from Sam Dorsi, Bart Geerts and Dale Durran about this research effort and from two anonymous reviewers on an earlier version of this manuscript. Sponsorship for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-0964238. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 142 IS 695 BP 836 EP 853 DI 10.1002/qj.2685 PN B PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH7DJ UT WOS:000372951300026 ER PT J AU Balikhin, MA Rodriguez, JV Boynton, RJ Walker, SN Aryan, H Sibeck, DG Billings, SA AF Balikhin, M. A. Rodriguez, J. V. Boynton, R. J. Walker, S. N. Aryan, H. Sibeck, D. G. Billings, S. A. TI Comparative analysis of NOAA REFM and SNB(3)GEO tools for the forecast of the fluxes of high-energy electrons at GEO SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; NONLINEAR MODELS; DST INDEX; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEMS; SPACECRAFT; LOSSES; EVENT AB Reliable forecasts of relativistic electrons at geostationary orbit (GEO) are important for the mitigation of their hazardous effects on spacecraft at GEO. For a number of years the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA has provided advanced online forecasts of the fluence of electrons with energy > 2 MeV at GEO using the Relativistic Electron Forecast Model (REFM). The REFM forecasts are based on real-time solar wind speed observations at L1. The high reliability of this forecasting tool serves as a benchmark for the assessment of other forecasting tools. Since 2012 the Sheffield SNB(3)GEO model has been operating online, providing a 24 h ahead forecast of the same fluxes. In addition to solar wind speed, the SNB(3)GEO forecasts use solar wind density and interplanetary magnetic field B-z observations at L1. The period of joint operation of both of these forecasts has been used to compare their accuracy. Daily averaged measurements of electron fluxes by GOES 13 have been used to estimate the prediction efficiency of both forecasting tools. To assess the reliability of both models to forecast infrequent events of very high fluxes, the Heidke skill score was employed. The results obtained indicate that SNB(3)GEO provides a more accurate 1 day ahead forecast when compared to REFM. It is shown that the correction methodology utilized by REFM potentially can improve the SNB(3)GEO forecast. C1 [Balikhin, M. A.; Boynton, R. J.; Walker, S. N.; Billings, S. A.] Univ Sheffield, ACSE, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. [Aryan, H.; Sibeck, D. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Balikhin, MA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, ACSE, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. EM m.balikhin@sheffield.ac.uk FU ISSI; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [637302]; EPSRC UK [EP/H00453X/1]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center; Van Allen Probes mission FX M.A.B. would like to acknowledge financial support from ISSI. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 637302. M.A.B., S.A.B., and R.J.B. would like to acknowledge financial support from EPSRC UK, Platform grant EP/H00453X/1. H.A. would like to acknowledge financial support from NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center. DGS acknowledges that portions of the work at NASA/GSFC were funded by the Van Allen Probes mission. As mentioned in the text, forecasts from the SNB3GEO model are available from http://www.ssg.group.shef.ac.uk/USSW/Archive_EF/All/All_EF.html and the GOES 13 Daily Particle Data (DPD) files from ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/indices/old_indices/. We thank H. Singer and SWPC for providing the REFM model outputs. The REFM outputs are provided as supporting information. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2016 VL 14 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1002/2015SW001303 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DH9NB UT WOS:000373121700003 ER PT J AU Assouline, S Li, D Tyler, S Tanny, J Cohen, S Bou-Zeid, E Parlange, M Katul, GG AF Assouline, Shmuel Li, Dan Tyler, Scott Tanny, Josef Cohen, Shabtai Bou-Zeid, Elie Parlange, Marc Katul, Gabriel G. TI On the variability of the Priestley-Taylor coefficient over water bodies SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY CORRELATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIP; LAND-SURFACE; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EQUILIBRIUM EVAPORATION; NONSATURATED SURFACES; TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY; STOMATAL CONTROL; EDDY-CORRELATION AB Deviations in the Priestley-Taylor (PT) coefficient alpha(PT) from its accepted 1.26 value are analyzed over large lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands where stomatal or soil controls are minimal or absent. The data sets feature wide variations in water body sizes and climatic conditions. Neither surface temperature nor sensible heat flux variations alone, which proved successful in characterizing alpha(PT) variations over some crops, explain measured deviations in alpha(PT) over water. It is shown that the relative transport efficiency of turbulent heat and water vapor is key to explaining variations in alpha(PT) over water surfaces, thereby offering a new perspective over the concept of minimal advection or entrainment introduced by PT. Methods that allow the determination of alpha(PT) based on low-frequency sampling (i.e., 0.1 Hz) are then developed and tested, which are usable with standard meteorological sensors that filter some but not all turbulent fluctuations. Using approximations to the Gram determinant inequality, the relative transport efficiency is derived as a function of the correlation coefficient between temperature and water vapor concentration fluctuations (R-Tq). The proposed approach reasonably explains the measured deviations from the conventional alpha(PT) = 1.26 value even when R-Tq is determined from air temperature and water vapor concentration time series that are Gaussian-filtered and subsampled to a cutoff frequency of 0.1 Hz. Because over water bodies, R-Tq deviations from unity are often associated with advection and/or entrainment, linkages between alpha(PT) and R-Tq offer both a diagnostic approach to assess their significance and a prognostic approach to correct the 1.26 value when using routine meteorological measurements of temperature and humidity. C1 [Assouline, Shmuel; Tanny, Josef; Cohen, Shabtai] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tyler, Scott] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Parlange, Marc] Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Katul, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Cohen, Shabtai/0000-0002-3644-467X FU NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; BP; National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR-1344703, NSF-AGS-1102227, NSF-CBET-103347]; United States Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30222]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program [DE-SC0006967, DE-SC0011461]; Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund [IS-4374-11C] FX D.L. acknowledges support from the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or BP. G.K. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR-1344703, NSF-AGS-1102227, and NSF-CBET-103347), the United States Department of Agriculture (2011-67003-30222), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program (DE-SC0006967 and DE-SC0011461), and the Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD) Fund (IS-4374-11C). The data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. NR 82 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 150 EP 163 DI 10.1002/2015WR017504 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH9LO UT WOS:000373117800010 ER PT J AU Cha, Y Park, SS Lee, HW Stow, CA AF Cha, YoonKyung Park, Seok Soon Lee, Hye Won Stow, Craig A. TI A Bayesian hierarchical approach to model seasonal algal variability along an upstream to downstream river gradient SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; REGULATED NAKDONG RIVER; WATER-QUALITY; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; SOUTH-KOREA; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHOSPHORUS; PREDICTION; DYNAMICS AB Modeling to accurately predict river phytoplankton distribution and abundance is important in water quality and resource management. Nevertheless, the complex nature of eutrophication processes in highly connected river systems makes the task challenging. To model dynamics of river phytoplankton, represented by chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that explicitly accommodates seasonality and upstream-downstream spatial gradient in the structure. The utility of our model is demonstrated with an application to the Nakdong River (South Korea), which is a eutrophic, intensively regulated river, but functions as an irreplaceable water source for more than 13 million people. Chl a is modeled with two manageable factors, river flow, and total phosphorus (TP) concentration. Our model results highlight the importance of taking seasonal and spatial context into account when describing flow regimes and phosphorus delivery in rivers. A contrasting positive Chl a-flow relationship across stations versus negative Chl a-flow slopes that arose when Chl a was modeled on a station-month basis is an illustration of Simpson's paradox, which necessitates modeling Chl a-flow relationships decomposed into seasonal and spatial components. Similar Chl a-TP slopes among stations and months suggest that, with the flow effect removed, positive TP effects on Chl a are uniform regardless of the season and station in the river. Our model prediction successfully captured the shift in the spatial and monthly patterns of Chl a. C1 [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Seoul, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Seok Soon] Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Hye Won] Ewha Womans Univ, Ctr Climate Environm Change Predict Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM craig.stow@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1002/2015WR017327 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DH9LO UT WOS:000373117800021 ER PT J AU Matolak, DW Remley, KA Holloway, C Gentile, C AF Matolak, David W. Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher Gentile, Camillo TI Outdoor-to-Indoor Channel Dispersion and Power-Delay Profile Models for the 700-MHz and 4.9-GHz Bands SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Channel model; delay spread; wireless system ID RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION; GHZ AB We present outdoor-to-indoor channel dispersion results based on measurements made in several representative urban environments. Root-mean-square delay spread values of less than 90 ns were extracted from measured power-delay profiles. We represent the power-delay profiles by exponential functions that can describe the multipath profiles for 700-MHz and 4.9-GHz frequency bands and extract a power-delay profile model for the 700-MHz band that utilizes seven taps. C1 [Matolak, David W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Holloway, Christopher] NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gentile, Camillo] NIST, Adv Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Matolak, DW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.; Remley, KA; Holloway, C (reprint author), NIST, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matolak@sc.edu; kate.remley@nist.gov; holloway@nist.gov; camillo.gentile@nist.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2016 VL 15 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2015.2451516 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DG8HZ UT WOS:000372325600030 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, Richard M. TI Atomic and isotopic changes induced by ultrasounds in iron SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 [Lindstrom, Richard M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 307 IS 1 BP 13 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-4559-6 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA DG7LD UT WOS:000372264900006 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA White, GS Herzberger, J Peterson, KL Heyliger, PR AF Johnson, Ward L. Kim, Sudook A. White, Grady S. Herzberger, Jaemi Peterson, Kirsten L. Heyliger, Paul R. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ TI Time-domain Analysis of Resonant Acoustic Nonlinearity Arising from Cracks in Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors SO 42ND ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 6TH EUROPEAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP ON RELIABILITY OF NDE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, QNDE Programs ID QUALITY INSPECTION TOOL; DAMAGE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Acoustic nonlinearity of cracked and uncracked multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) was characterized through time-domain analysis of resonant waveforms following tone-burst excitation. A phase-sensitive receiver was employed to measure the phase, relative to a reference sinusoid, of decaying oscillations of a resonant mode near 1 MHz that was excited through ferroelectric coupling within the barium-titanate-based ceramic of the MLCC. Amplitude dependence of the resonant frequency during decay of the oscillations was characterized through measurements of changes in the resonant phase versus time. Waveforms were analyzed by fitting the recorded RF amplitude versus time to a decaying exponential and inserting the parameters of this fit into a second function to fit the time-dependent phase, with amplitude dependence of the resonant frequency incorporated in the second function. The measurements and analyses were performed on unmounted type-1210 MLCCs before and after quenching in ice water from elevated temperatures. This thermal treatment generated surface-breaking cracks in a fraction of the specimens. Measurements of a nonlinear parameter B of the capacitors before quenching were used to set a range corresponding to plus and minus three standard deviations (+/- 3 sigma) relative to the mean of a Gaussian fit to the distribution of this parameter. 93% of the values of B determined for heat-treated MLCCs with cracks were outside of this +/- 3 sigma range of the as-received MLCCs, while only 10% of the values of B for heat-treated MLCCs without visible cracks were outside this range. These results indicate that time-domain nonlinear measurements with tone-burst excitation are a promising approach for rapid nondestructive detection of cracks that have no significant initial effect on the electrical characteristics of an MLCC but can evolve into conductive pathways during service and lead to electrical-device failure. They also illustrate the potential of this approach for nonlinear acoustic detection of structural flaws in other materials. C1 [Johnson, Ward L.; Kim, Sudook A.; White, Grady S.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Herzberger, Jaemi] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Herzberger, Jaemi] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Elect Parts & Packaging Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peterson, Kirsten L.; Heyliger, Paul R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wjohnson@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1353-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2016 VL 1706 AR 060005 DI 10.1063/1.4940511 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BE4LT UT WOS:000371907800065 ER PT J AU Pietrafesa, LJ Blumberg, A Li, XF AF Pietrafesa, Leonard J. Blumberg, Alan Li, Xiaofeng TI Variability of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Hydrological Phenomena SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC USA. [Blumberg, Alan] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Pietrafesa, LJ (reprint author), Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC USA. EM ljpietra@ncsu.edu RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 4525036 DI 10.1155/2016/4525036 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DG7UD UT WOS:000372288300001 ER PT J AU Marvasti, SS Gnanadesikan, A Bidokhti, AA Dunne, JP Ghader, S AF Marvasti, S. Sedigh Gnanadesikan, A. Bidokhti, A. A. Dunne, J. P. Ghader, S. TI Challenges in modeling spatiotemporally varying phytoplankton blooms in the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; NORTHEAST MONSOON; PART I; ECOSYSTEM VARIABILITY; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; MESOSCALE EDDIES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN AB Recent years have shown an increase in harmful algal blooms in the Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman, raising the question of whether climate change will accelerate this trend. This has led us to examine whether the Earth System Models used to simulate phytoplankton productivity accurately capture bloom dynamics in this region - both in terms of the annual cycle and interannual variability. Satellite data (SeaWIFS ocean color) show two climatological blooms in this region, a wintertime bloom peaking in February and a summertime bloom peaking in September. On a regional scale, interannual variability of the wintertime bloom is dominated by cyclonic eddies which vary in location from one year to another. Two coarse (1 degrees) models with the relatively complex biogeochemistry (TOPAZ) capture the annual cycle but neither eddies nor the interannual variability. An eddy-resolving model (GFDL CM2.6) with a simpler biogeochemistry (miniBLING) displays larger interannual variability, but overestimates the wintertime bloom and captures eddy-bloom coupling in the south but not in the north. The models fail to capture both the magnitude of the wintertime bloom and its modulation by eddies in part because of their failure to capture the observed sharp thermocline and/or nutricline in this region. When CM2.6 is able to capture such features in the Southern part of the basin, eddies modulate diffusive nutrient supply to the surface (a mechanism not previously emphasized in the literature). For the model to simulate the observed wintertime blooms within cyclones, it will be necessary to represent this relatively unusual nutrient structure as well as the cyclonic eddies. This is a challenge in the Northern Arabian Sea as it requires capturing the details of the outflow from the Persian Gulf -something that is poorly done in global models. C1 [Marvasti, S. Sedigh] Islamic Azad Univ, Sci & Res Branch, Dept Phys Oceanog, Tehran, Iran. [Gnanadesikan, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Olin Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bidokhti, A. A.] Univ Tehran, Inst Geophys, POB 14155-6466, Tehran 14174, Iran. [Dunne, J. P.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ghader, S.] Univ Tehran, Inst Geophys, POB 14155-6466, Tehran 14174, Iran. RP Marvasti, SS (reprint author), Islamic Azad Univ, Sci & Res Branch, Dept Phys Oceanog, Tehran, Iran. EM safoora.seddigh@gmail.com RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1069 DI 10.5194/bg-13-1049-2016 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DG4ZR UT WOS:000372082200012 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Commane, R Melton, JR Andrews, AE Benmergui, J Dlugokencky, EJ Janssens-Maenhout, G Michalak, AM Sweeney, C Worthy, DEJ AF Miller, Scot M. Commane, Roisin Melton, Joe R. Andrews, Arlyn E. Benmergui, Joshua Dlugokencky, Edward J. Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Michalak, Anna M. Sweeney, Colm Worthy, Doug E. J. TI Evaluation of wetland methane emissions across North America using atmospheric data and inverse modeling SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMPARISON PROJECT WETCHIMP; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; SATELLITE DATA; PRESENT STATE; STILT MODEL; CO2; FLUXES; ECOSYSTEMS; CH4 AB Existing estimates of methane (CH4) fluxes from North American wetlands vary widely in both magnitude and distribution. In light of these differences, this study uses atmospheric CH4 observations from the US and Canada to analyze seven different bottom-up, wetland CH4 estimates reported in a recent model comparison project. We first use synthetic data to explore whether wetland CH4 fluxes are detectable at atmospheric observation sites. We find that the observation network can detect aggregate wetland fluxes from both eastern and western Canada but generally not from the US. Based upon these results, we then use real data and inverse modeling results to analyze the magnitude, seasonality, and spatial distribution of each model estimate. The magnitude of Canadian fluxes in many models is larger than indicated by atmospheric observations. Many models predict a seasonality that is narrower than implied by inverse modeling results, possibly indicating an oversensitivity to air or soil temperatures. The LPJ-Bern and SDGVM models have a geographic distribution that is most consistent with atmospheric observations, depending upon the region and season. These models utilize land cover maps or dynamic modeling to estimate wetland coverage while most other models rely primarily on remote sensing inundation data. C1 [Miller, Scot M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Commane, Roisin; Benmergui, Joshua] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Melton, Joe R.] Environm Canada, Climate Proc Sect, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Janssens-Maenhout, Greet] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [Miller, Scot M.; Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Worthy, Doug E. J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Miller, SM (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. EM scot.m.miller@gmail.com FU Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Program of the Office of Science; National Nuclear Security Administration in the Department of Energy [DE-FG02-97ER25308]; National Science Foundation FX We thank Marc Fischer and Sebastien Biraud of Lawrence Berkeley Labs and John Miller of NOAA; these collaborators operate several sites in the US greenhouse gas observation network. We also thank Steven Wofsy of Harvard University and Thomas Nehrkorn of Atmospheric and Environmental Research. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Supercomputing Division provided key computing resources and assistance. This work was supported by the Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Program of the Office of Science and National Nuclear Security Administration in the Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-97ER25308. This work was also supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1329 EP 1339 DI 10.5194/bg-13-1329-2016 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DG4ZR UT WOS:000372082200030 ER PT J AU Buermann, W Beaulieu, C Parida, B Medvigy, D Collatz, GJ Sheffield, J Sarmiento, JL AF Buermann, Wolfgang Beaulieu, Claudie Parida, Bikash Medvigy, David Collatz, George J. Sheffield, Justin Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Climate-driven shifts in continental net primary production implicated as a driver of a recent abrupt increase in the land carbon sink SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC OSCILLATION; CO2 FERTILIZATION; RECENT TRENDS; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION; DIOXIDE; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY AB The world's ocean and land ecosystems act as sinks for anthropogenic CO2, and over the last half century their combined sink strength grew steadily with increasing CO2 emissions. Recent analyses of the global carbon budget, however, have uncovered an abrupt, substantial (similar to 1 PgC yr(-1)) and sustained increase in the land sink in the late 1980s whose origin remains unclear. In the absence of this prominent shift in the land sink, increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the late 1980s would have been similar to 30% larger than observed (or similar to 12 ppm above current levels). Global data analyses are limited in regards to attributing causes to changes in the land sink because different regions are likely responding to different drivers. Here, we address this challenge by using terrestrial biosphere models constrained by observations to determine if there is independent evidence for the abrupt strengthening of the land sink. We find that net primary production significantly increased in the late 1980s (more so than heterotrophic respiration), consistent with the inferred increase in the global land sink, and that large-scale climate anomalies are responsible for this shift. We identify two key regions in which climatic constraints on plant growth have eased: northern Eurasia experienced warming, and northern Africa received increased precipitation. Whether these changes in continental climates are connected is uncertain, but North Atlantic climate variability is important. Our findings suggest that improved understanding of climate variability in the North Atlantic may be essential for more credible projections of the land sink under climate change. C1 [Buermann, Wolfgang] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Ins Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Beaulieu, Claudie] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Parida, Bikash] Shiv Nadar Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Dadri 203207, UP, India. [Medvigy, David; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Collatz, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Buermann, W (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Ins Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM w.buermann@leeds.ac.uk RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012; OI Sheffield, Justin/0000-0003-2400-0630; Parida, Bikash Ranjan/0000-0001-7444-573X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Carbon Cycle Science Program [NNX11AD45G] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this study from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Carbon Cycle Science Program (grant NNX11AD45G). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1597 EP 1607 DI 10.5194/bg-13-1597-2016 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DG4ZU UT WOS:000372082500014 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Kennedy, SR Garvey, C Raston, CL Atwood, JL Steed, JW AF Kumari, Harshita Kline, Steven R. Kennedy, Stuart R. Garvey, Christopher Raston, Colin L. Atwood, Jerry L. Steed, Jonathan W. TI Manipulating three-dimensional gel network entanglement by thin film shearing SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPRAMOLECULAR GELS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; CAPSULES; GELATORS; ORGANOGEL; BEHAVIOR; GELATION; BINDING; SYSTEM; CAGES AB Vortex fluidic mediated shearing of supramolecular gels in thin films leads to complete disruption of fluorous bis-urea derived gels. Hydrocarbon analogues however, are only partially disrupted, which emphasizes the resistance of non-fluorous bis-urea gelators towards shear. The gel structures have been studied by combining the thin film shearing with small angle neutron scattering. This technique represents a novel approach to study the effects of external stimuli on self-assembled supramolecular gel networks. C1 [Kumari, Harshita] Univ Cincinnati, James L Winkle Coll Pharm, 3225 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kennedy, Stuart R.; Steed, Jonathan W.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Garvey, Christopher] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, New Illawara Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia. [Raston, Colin L.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Flinders Ctr NanoScale Sci & Technol, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kumari, H (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, James L Winkle Coll Pharm, 3225 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.; Steed, JW (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Chem, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.; Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kumariha@ucmail.uc.edu; atwoodj@missouri.edu; jon.steed@durham.ac.uk RI Garvey, Christopher/E-6475-2010; Steed, Jonathan/A-7916-2008; OI Garvey, Christopher/0000-0001-6496-7008; Steed, Jonathan/0000-0002-7466-7794; Raston, Colin/0000-0003-4753-0079 FU National Science Foundation; UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J013021/1]; Australian research Council; Government of South Australia FX We thank National Science Foundation and UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant reference EP/J013021/1) and the Australian research Council and the Government of South Australia for funding. The underlying research data for this paper is available in accordance with EPSRC open data policy from http://dx.doi.org/10.15128/kh04dp681. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 24 BP 4513 EP 4516 DI 10.1039/c6cc00171h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DG6EI UT WOS:000372174700020 PM 26934983 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Lemmon, EW AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Lemmon, Eric W. TI Density measurements of compressed-liquid dimethyl ether plus pentane mixtures SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article DE Compressed liquid; dimethyl ether; pentane; vibrating-tube densimeter; Helmholtz energy mixture model ID FLUIDS; STATE AB Compressed-liquid densities of three compositions of the binary mixture dimethyl ether (CAS No. 115-10-6) + pentane (CAS No. 109-66-0) have been measured with a vibrating U-tube densimeter. Measurements were made at temperatures from 270 K to 390 K with pressures from 1.0 MPa to 50 MPa. The overall combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the density data is 0.81 kg . m(-3). Data presented here have been used to improve a previously formulated Helmholtz energy based mixture model. The newly derived parameters are given. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Stephanie.Outcalt@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 0018-1544 EI 1472-3441 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA DG3YB UT WOS:000372006000003 PM 27840450 ER PT B AU Helgeson, J Chabay, I Frick, M AF Helgeson, Jennifer Chabay, Ilan Frick, Martin BE Chabay, I Frick, M Helgeson, J TI Land Restoration Reclaiming Landscapes for a Sustainable Future Introduction SO LAND RESTORATION: RECLAIMING LANDSCAPES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Helgeson, Jennifer] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Helgeson, Jennifer] Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Geog & Environm, Grantham Res Inst Climate Change & Environm, London WC2A 2AE, England. [Chabay, Ilan] Inst Adv Sustainabil Studies, Potsdam, Germany. [Chabay, Ilan] Knowledge Learning & Societal Change Alliance, Bern, Switzerland. [Frick, Martin] UN, Berlin, Germany. [Frick, Martin] UN Food & Agr Org, Climate Change Energy & Tenure Div, Berlin, Germany. RP Helgeson, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Helgeson, J (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Geog & Environm, Grantham Res Inst Climate Change & Environm, London WC2A 2AE, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-801353-3; 978-0-12-801231-4 PY 2016 BP XXIII EP XXVI PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BE4UW UT WOS:000372160200003 ER PT J AU Castro, JI Sato, K Bodine, AB AF Castro, Jose I. Sato, Keiichi Bodine, Ashby B. TI A novel mode of embryonic nutrition in the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peter Rask MOller; Reproduction; uterine fluid; embryotrophe; matrotrophy; elasmobranchs ID UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGY; VIVIPARITY; FISHES AB How are tiger shark embryos nourished to large size without a placental connection? Tiger sharks belong to the family Carcharhinidae, and all carcharhinid sharks are placental with the exception of the tiger shark. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that tiger shark embryos are nourished to large size by imbibing a clear uterine fluid found in their egg cases. Based on weights of fertilized eggs and of term embryos, the tiger shark is a matrotrophic species, and its embryos appear to reach gains of 2119% in wet weight and 1092% in dry weight during gestation. By measuring the total energy content of the fluid in the egg case by chemical oxygen demand (COD), the authors demonstrate that clear liquid in the tiger shark egg case is an energy-rich embryotrophe that nourishes the embryos to large size. We suggest that the process be termed embryotrophy'. The process appears to be an adaptation for producing large broods of large embryos in a species lacking a placental connection. C1 [Castro, Jose I.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, SERO-263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Sato, Keiichi] Okinawa Churashima Fdn, Okinawa Churashima Res Ctr, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan. [Bodine, Ashby B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC USA. RP Castro, JI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, SERO-263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jose.castro@noaa.gov FU Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium; Okinawa Churashima Research Center; Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank Senzo Uchida, Director Emeritus of Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, as well as Kazuo Goto and Yoshiya Iguchi, Directors of the Okinawa Churashima Research Center, for funding travel arrangements. We thank James Bohnsack, Chief of Protected Resources, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, for providing funding for the initial bioassay and travel funds. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 EI 1745-1019 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 2 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1080/17451000.2015.1099677 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG8WE UT WOS:000372363500010 ER PT B AU Rutherford, ES Rose, KA AF Rutherford, Edward S. Rose, Kenneth A. BE Rudstam, LG Mills, EL Jackson, JR Stewart, DJ TI Individual-Based Model Analysis of Walleye and Yellow Perch Population Dynamics in Response to Changing Ecosystem Conditions SO ONEIDA LAKE: LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF A MANAGED ECOSYSTEM AND ITS FISHERY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; ZEBRA MUSSELS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; PREY; FLAVESCENS; PREDATOR; GROWTH; HURON C1 [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 1002-Q Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rutherford, ES (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ed.rutherford@noaa.gov; karose@lsu.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-43-1 PY 2016 BP 427 EP 452 PG 26 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BE4YE UT WOS:000372210100020 ER PT J AU Chremos, A Douglas, JF AF Chremos, Alexandros Douglas, Jack F. TI Counter-ion distribution around flexible polyelectrolytes having different molecular architecture SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID STRONGLY CHARGED POLYELECTROLYTES; STAR-BRANCHED POLYELECTROLYTES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY; EXPLICIT SOLVENT; POOR SOLVENTS; LIMITING LAWS; CONDENSATION; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We explore the monovalent counter-ion distribution around flexible highly-charged polyelectrolytes with different molecular architectures (linear chains, stars, and unknotted and trefoil rings) using molecular dynamics simulations that include an explicit solvent that interacts with the polyelectrolyte. In particular, we find that the molecular topology influences the fraction of counter-ions transiently associating with the polyelectrolyte on a scale of the order of the chain segments, forming a "condensed'' counter-ion interfacial layer. As with the hydrogen bonding of water to proteins and other polymers, the persistence time of these interfacial "bound'' counter-ions is relatively short, O(1 ps), and we characterize the fluctuations in the number of the counter-ions populating the interfacial layer. We also find that the counter-ions are distributed in a non-uniform fashion on the polyelectrolyte backbone, forming dynamical clusters whose form and average size is sensitive to molecular architecture. In addition, we find that the residual bound counter-ions, not located in either the interfacial layer or the bulk solution, form a diffuse ionic cloud around the polyelectrolyte due to the uncompensated polyelectrolyte charge along the backbone. Generally charge valence strongly influences the extent of the diffuse counter-ion cloud, but in the case of monovalent counter-ions, we find that the size of the diffuse counter-ion cloud nearly coincides with the polyelectrolyte radius of gyration, independent of molecular topology. C1 [Chremos, Alexandros; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chremos, A; Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexandros.chremos@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Chremos, Alexandros/B-8856-2009 OI Chremos, Alexandros/0000-0002-1254-3972 FU NIST Fellow Postdoctoral Program FX Financial support was provided by the NIST Fellow Postdoctoral Program. Official contribution of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology - not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2932 EP 2941 DI 10.1039/c5sm02873f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DG6VB UT WOS:000372223100014 PM 26864861 ER PT J AU Lyons, C Eckert, G Stoner, AW AF Lyons, Courtney Eckert, Ginny Stoner, Allan W. TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND CONGENER PRESENCE ON HABITAT PREFERENCE AND FISH PREDATION IN BLUE (PARALITHODES PLATYPUS BRANDT, 1850) AND RED (P. CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS, 1815) KING CRABS (ANOMURA: LITHODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; climate change; fish predation; multi-species interactions ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; JUVENILE RED; BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; FORAGING SUCCESS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; RUTILUS-RUTILUS; CANNIBALISM; COMPLEXITY; SURVIVAL AB Rebuilding fisheries is a difficult process and many stocks that are declared overfished fail to recover even in the absence of fishing pressure. The Pribilof Islands stock of the blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850) in Alaska, USA is one of these recovery failures. To explore how environmental and ecological factors might interact to suppress this stock, we conducted a suite of laboratory experiments to assess the effects of temperature changes and the presence of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815) on blue king crab habitat preference and fish predation survival. Age-0 blue king crabs exhibited plasticity in habitat preference mediated by changes in water temperature, as well as the presence and density of juvenile red king crabs. While blue king crabs are often associated with shell hash habitat, increases in water temperature, as well as the presence of red king crab at high densities, caused blue king crab juveniles to shift into habitats with an algal mimic present, a habitat type shown to reduce the predation efficacy of red king crabs. In contrast, red king crabs exhibited fewer changes in habitat preference with changes in water temperature and the presence of a congener. Blue king crabs are therefore behaviorally plastic, switching from strategies of predator avoidance when predator encounter rates are likely low, to predator deterrence strategies when encounter rates are higher. Fish predation trials further support the idea that blue king crabs are more focused on predator avoidance than are red king crabs. In fish predation trials run separately for the two crab species, blue king crabs had higher survival (60%) than red king crabs (33%) when exposed to fish predators. Our results indicate that age -0 blue king crabs can be less vulnerable to fish predation than red king crabs, but future research should assess how fish predation rates change when presented with higher densities of red and blue king crab in mixed assemblages as the observed habitat shifts could affect predation survival. C1 [Lyons, Courtney; Eckert, Ginny] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK USA. [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 20305 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lyons, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK USA. EM courtney.lyons@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT program [DGE-0801720]; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; National Sea Grant Aquaculture FX Thanks are due to Michelle Ottmar, Scott Haines, and Courtney Danly for help conducting experiments and maintaining the animals. We also thank Ben Daly for advice on experiments and Franz Mueter for advice on analysis. Funding was provided by the National Sea Grant Aquaculture, National Science Foundation Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT program (No. DGE-0801720), and the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center. Research was conducted under the UAF IACUC permit 280889. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002391 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DG0KJ UT WOS:000371753400002 ER PT J AU Langford, TJ Beise, EJ Breuer, H Heimbach, CR Ji, G Nico, JS AF Langford, T. J. Beise, E. J. Breuer, H. Heimbach, C. R. Ji, G. Nico, J. S. TI Development and characterization of a high sensitivity segmented Fast Neutron Spectrometer (FaNS-2) SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Particle identification methods; Spectrometers; Hybrid detectors; Neutron detectors (cold, thermal, fast neutrons) ID HE-3 PROPORTIONAL-COUNTERS; RAY INDUCED NEUTRONS; LIQUID SCINTILLATOR; DARK-MATTER; PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS; ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; ENERGY-SPECTRUM; DETECTORS; FLUX; DISCRIMINATION AB We present the development of a segmented fast neutron spectrometer (FaNS-2) based upon plastic scintillator and He-3 proportional counters. It was designed to measure both the flux and spectrum of fast neutrons in the energy range of few MeV to 1 GeV. FaNS-2 utilizes capture-gated spectroscopy to identify neutron events and reject backgrounds. Neutrons deposit energy in the plastic scintillator before capturing on a He-3 nucleus in the proportional counters. Segmentation improves neutron energy reconstruction while the large volume of scintillator increases sensitivity to low neutron fluxes. A main goal of its design is to study comparatively low neutron fluxes, such as cosmogenic neutrons at the Earth's surface, in an underground environment, or from low-activity neutron sources. In this paper, we present details of its design and construction as well as its characterization with a calibrated Cf-252 source and monoenergetic neutron fields of 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV. Detected monoenergetic neutron spectra are unfolded using a Singular Value Decomposition method, demonstrating a 5% energy resolution at 14 MeV. Finally, we discuss plans for measuring the surface and underground cosmogenic neutron spectra with FaNS-2. C1 [Langford, T. J.] Yale Univ, Wright Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Beise, E. J.; Breuer, H.; Ji, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Heimbach, C. R.; Nico, J. S.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ji, G.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Langford, TJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Wright Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM thomas.langford@yale.edu FU NSF [0809696]; National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX We acknowledge the NIST Center for Neutron Research for the loan of the 3He proportional counters used in this work. The research has been partially supported by NSF Grant 0809696. T.J. Langford acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 11 AR P01006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/11/01/P01006 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA DF6MM UT WOS:000371469800094 ER PT J AU Dinh, T Podglajen, A Hertzog, A Legras, B Plougonven, R AF Dinh, T. Podglajen, A. Hertzog, A. Legras, B. Plougonven, R. TI Effect of gravity wave temperature fluctuations on homogeneous ice nucleation in the tropical tropopause layer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR TRANSPORT; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; CRYSTAL NUMBERS; AEROSOLS; BALLOONS; MODEL AB The impact of high-frequency fluctuations of temperature on homogeneous nucleation of ice crystals in the vicinity of the tropical tropopause is investigated using a bin microphysics scheme for air parcels. The imposed temperature fluctuations come from measurements during isopycnic balloon flights near the tropical tropopause. The balloons collected data at high frequency, guaranteeing that gravity wave signals are well resolved. With the observed temperature time series, the numerical simulations with homogeneous freezing show a full range of ice number concentration (INC) as previously observed in the tropical upper troposphere. In particular, a low INC may be obtained if the gravity wave perturbations produce a non-persistent cooling rate (even with large magnitude) such that the absolute change in temperature remains small during nucleation. This result is explained analytically by a dependence of the INC on the absolute drop in temperature (and not on the cooling rate). This work suggests that homogeneous ice nucleation is not necessarily inconsistent with observations of low INCs. C1 [Dinh, T.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Podglajen, A.; Hertzog, A.; Plougonven, R.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Palaiseau, France. [Legras, B.] Ecole Normale Super, Lab Meteorol Dynam, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Dinh, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tdinh@princeton.edu RI Dinh, Tra/L-5227-2013; OI Dinh, Tra/0000-0002-0144-2762; Legras, Bernard/0000-0002-3756-7794 FU Meteo-France; CNES; CNRS/INSU; NSF [AGS-1417659]; NCAR; University of Wyoming; Purdue University; University of Colorado; Alfred Wegener Institute; Met Office; ECMWF; Institut polaire francais Paul Emile Victor (IPEV); Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA); United States Antarctic Program (USAP); British Antarctic Survey (BAS); NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; "Tropical Cirrus" project of Ecole Polytechnique's "Chaire pour le Developpement Durable"; ANR project "Stradyvarius" [ANR-13-BS06-0011-01]; EU 7th Framework Program [603557] FX The data used for simulations in this work were collected during the project "Concordiasi," which is supported by the following agencies: Meteo-France, CNES, CNRS/INSU, NSF, NCAR, University of Wyoming, Purdue University, University of Colorado, Alfred Wegener Institute, Met Office, and ECMWF. Concordiasi also benefited from the logistic and financial support of the Institut polaire francais Paul Emile Victor (IPEV), Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA), United States Antarctic Program (USAP), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and from measurements by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) at Concordia.; Tra Dinh acknowledges support from the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and NSF grant AGS-1417659. This collaborative research emerged from Tra Dinh's visit to the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, which was supported by the "Tropical Cirrus" project of Ecole Polytechnique's "Chaire pour le Developpement Durable". Aurelien Podglajen, Albert Hertzog, Bernard Legras, and Riwal Plougonven received support from the ANR project "Stradyvarius" (ANR-13-BS06-0011-01). Additional support was provided by the EU 7th Framework Program under grant 603557 (StratoClim). NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.5194/acp-16-35-2016 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YG UT WOS:000371283900003 ER PT J AU Simmonds, PG Rigby, M Manning, AJ Lunt, MF O'Doherty, S McCulloch, A Fraser, PJ Henne, S Vollmer, MK Muhle, J Weiss, RF Salameh, PK Young, D Reimann, S Wenger, A Arnold, T Harth, CM Krummel, PB Steele, LP Dunse, BL Miller, BR Lunder, CR Hermansen, O Schmidbauer, N Saito, T Yokouchi, Y Park, S Li, S Yao, B Zhou, LX Arduini, J Maione, M Wang, RHJ Ivy, D Prinn, RG AF Simmonds, P. G. Rigby, M. Manning, A. J. Lunt, M. F. O'Doherty, S. McCulloch, A. Fraser, P. J. Henne, S. Vollmer, M. K. Muehle, J. Weiss, R. F. Salameh, P. K. Young, D. Reimann, S. Wenger, A. Arnold, T. Harth, C. M. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Dunse, B. L. Miller, B. R. Lunder, C. R. Hermansen, O. Schmidbauer, N. Saito, T. Yokouchi, Y. Park, S. Li, S. Yao, B. Zhou, L. X. Arduini, J. Maione, M. Wang, R. H. J. Ivy, D. Prinn, R. G. TI Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2) from in situ and air archive observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED GREENHOUSE GASES; EUROPEAN EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; HALOCARBON EMISSIONS; INVERSION METHOD; MACE HEAD; TRENDS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; PERFLUOROCARBONS; CH3CF3 AB High frequency, in situ observations from 11 globally distributed sites for the period 1994-2014 and archived air measurements dating from 1978 onward have been used to determine the global growth rate of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2). These observations have been combined with a range of atmospheric transport models to derive global emission estimates in a top-down approach. HFC-152a is a greenhouse gas with a short atmospheric lifetime of about 1.5 years. Since it does not contain chlorine or bromine, HFC-152a makes no direct contribution to the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is therefore used as a substitute for the ozone de- pleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The concentration of HFC-152a has grown substantially since the first direct measurements in 1994, reaching a maximum annual global growth rate of 0.84 +/- 0.05 ppt yr(-1) in 2006, implying a substantial increase in emissions up to 2006. However, since 2007, the annual rate of growth has slowed to 0.38 +/- 0.04 ppt yr(-1) in 2010 with a further decline to an annual average rate of growth in 2013-2014 of -0.06 +/- 0.05 ppt yr(-1). The annual average Northern Hemisphere (NH) mole fraction in 1994 was 1.2 ppt rising to an annual average mole fraction of 10.1 ppt in 2014. Average annual mole fractions in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 1998 and 2014 were 0.84 and 4.5 ppt, respectively. We estimate global emissions of HFC-152a have risen from 7.3 +/- 5.6 Gg yr(-1) in 1994 to a maximum of 54.4 +/- 17.1 Gg yr(-1) in 2011, declining to 52.5 +/- 20.1 Gg yr(-1) in 2014 or 7.2 +/- 2.8 Tg-CO2 eq yr(-1). Analysis of mole fraction enhancements above regional background atmospheric levels suggests substantial emissions from North America, Asia, and Europe. Global HFC emissions (so called "bottom up" emissions) reported by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are based on cumulative national emission data reported to the UNFCCC, which in turn are based on national consumption data. There appears to be a significant underestimate (> 20 Gg) of "bottom-up" reported emissions of HFC-152a, possibly arising from largely underestimated USA emissions and undeclared Asian emissions. C1 [Simmonds, P. G.; Rigby, M.; Lunt, M. F.; O'Doherty, S.; McCulloch, A.; Young, D.; Wenger, A.] Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Manning, A. J.; Arnold, T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Muehle, J.; Weiss, R. F.; Salameh, P. K.; Harth, C. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, SIO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.; Dunse, B. L.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Henne, S.; Vollmer, M. K.; Reimann, S.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland. [Lunder, C. R.; Hermansen, O.; Schmidbauer, N.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Saito, T.; Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Environm Measurement & Anal, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Park, S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Coll Nat Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Li, S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Kyungpook Inst Oceanog, Coll Nat Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Yao, B.; Zhou, L. X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci CAMS, Beijing 10081, Peoples R China. [Arduini, J.; Maione, M.] Univ Urbino, Dept Basic Sci & Fdn, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Wang, R. H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ivy, D.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Miller, B. R.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Simmonds, PG (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. EM petergsimmonds@aol.com RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Henne, Stephan/A-3467-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853 FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA, USA) [NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G, NNX11AF17G]; Department of the Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) [GA0201]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA) [RA133R09CN0062]; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, Australia; Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); Swiss national programme HALCLIM (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN); International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG); Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2014R1A1A3051944]; Norwegian Environment Agency; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41030107, 41205094]; NERC Advanced Fellowship [NE/I021365/1]; CSIRO; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology; [NAG5-4023]; [NNX07AE87G]; [NNX07AF09G]; [NNX11AF15G]; [NNX11AF16G] FX We specifically acknowledge the cooperation and efforts of the station operators (G. Spain, MHD; R. Dickau, THD; P. Sealy, RPB; NOAA officer-in-charge, SMO) at the AGAGE stations and all other station managers and support staff at the different monitoring sites used in this study. We particularly thank NOAA and NILU for supplying some of the archived air samples shown, allowing us to fill important gaps. The operation of the AGAGE stations was supported by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA, USA) (grants NAG5-12669, NNX07AE89G and NNX11AF17G to MIT; grants NAG5-4023, NNX07AE87G, NNX07AF09G, NNX11AF15G and NNX11AF16G to SIO); the Department of the Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) (contract GA0201 to the University of Bristol); the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA) (contract RA133R09CN0062 in addition to the operations of American Samoa station); and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, Australia), Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). Financial support for the Jungfraujoch measurements is acknowledged from the Swiss national programme HALCLIM (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)). Support for the Jungfraujoch station was provided by International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG). The measurements at Gosan, South Korea were supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2014R1A1A3051944). Financial support for the Zeppelin measurements is acknowledged from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Financial support for the Shangdianzi measurements is acknowledged from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41030107, 41205094). The CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology are thanked for their ongoing long-term support of the Cape Grim station and the Cape Grim science program. M. Rigby is supported by a NERC Advanced Fellowship NE/I021365/1. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 365 EP 382 DI 10.5194/acp-16-365-2016 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YG UT WOS:000371283900023 ER PT J AU Lee, HM Paulot, F Henze, DK Travis, K Jacob, DJ Pardo, LH Schichtel, BA AF Lee, H. -M. Paulot, F. Henze, D. K. Travis, K. Jacob, D. J. Pardo, L. H. Schichtel, B. A. TI Sources of nitrogen deposition in Federal Class I areas in the US SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; GEOS-CHEM; BIDIRECTIONAL FLUX; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; WET DEPOSITION; CRITICAL LOADS; ADJOINT MODEL AB It is desired to control excessive reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition due to its detrimental impact on ecosystems. Using a three-dimensional atmospheric chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, Nr deposition in the contiguous US and eight selected Class I areas (Voyageurs (VY), Smoky Mountain (SM), Shenandoah (SD), Big Bend (BB), Rocky Mountain (RM), Grand Teton (GT), Joshua Tree (JT), and Sequoia (SQ)) is investigated. First, modeled Nr deposition is compared with National Trends Network (NTN) and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) deposition values. The seasonality of measured species is generally well represented by the model (R-2 > 0.6), except in JT. While modeled Nr is generally within the range of seasonal observations, large overestimates are present in sites such as SM and SD in the spring and summer (up to 0.6 kg N ha month(-1)), likely owing to model high-biases in surface HNO3. The contribution of non-measured species (mostly dry deposition of NH3) to total modeled Nr deposition ranges from 1 to 55 %. The spatial distribution of the origin of Nr deposited in each Class I area and the contributions of individual emission sectors are estimated using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model. We find the largest role of long-range transport for VY, where 50% (90 %) of annual Nr deposition originates within 670 (1670) km of the park. In contrast, the Nr emission footprint is most localized for SQ, where 50% (90 %) of the deposition originates from within 130 (370) km. Emissions from California contribute to the Nr deposition in remote areas in the western US (RM, GT). Mobile NOx and livestock NH3 are found to be the major sources of Nr deposition in all sites except BB, where contributions of NOx from lightning and soils to natural levels of Nr deposition are significant (similar to 40 %). The efficiency in terms of Nr deposition per kg emissions of NH3-N, NOx-N, and SO2-S are also estimated. Unique seasonal features are found in JT (opposing efficiency distributions for winter and summer), RM (large fluctuations in the range of effective regions), and SD (upwind NH3 emissions hindering Nr deposition). We also evaluate the contributions of emissions to the total area of Class I regions in critical load exceedance, and to the total magnitude of exceedance. We find that while it is effective to control emissions in the western US to reduce the area of regions in CL exceedance, it can be more effective to control emissions in the eastern US to reduce the magnitude of Nr deposition above the CL. Finally, uncertainty in the nitrogen deposition caused by uncertainty in the NH3 emission inventory is explored by comparing results based on two different NH3 inventories; noticeable differences in the emission inventories and thus sensitivities of up to a factor of four found in individual locations. C1 [Lee, H. -M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Paulot, F.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Paulot, F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Travis, K.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pardo, L. H.] Univ Vermont, Aiken Ctr, US Forest Serv, USDA,Northern Res Stn, Burlington, VT USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lee, HM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hyungmin.lee@colorado.edu RI Travis, Katherine/G-1417-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Travis, Katherine/0000-0003-1628-0353; FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team [NNX11AI54G]; NSF [ANT 1244958] FX We acknowledge support from the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team, grant NNX11AI54G and NSF grant ANT 1244958. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 BP 525 EP 540 DI 10.5194/acp-16-525-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YH UT WOS:000371284000005 ER PT J AU Wild, RJ Edwards, PM Bates, TS Cohen, RC de Gouw, JA Dube, WP Gilman, JB Holloway, J Kercher, J Koss, AR Lee, L Lerner, BM McLaren, R Quinn, PK Roberts, JM Stutz, J Thornton, JA Veres, PR Warneke, C Williams, E Young, CJ Yuan, B Zarzana, KJ Brown, SS AF Wild, R. J. Edwards, P. M. Bates, T. S. Cohen, R. C. de Gouw, J. A. Dube, W. P. Gilman, J. B. Holloway, J. Kercher, J. Koss, A. R. Lee, L. Lerner, B. M. McLaren, R. Quinn, P. K. Roberts, J. M. Stutz, J. Thornton, J. A. Veres, P. R. Warneke, C. Williams, E. Young, C. J. Yuan, B. Zarzana, K. J. Brown, S. S. TI Reactive nitrogen partitioning and its relationship to winter ozone events in Utah SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NATURAL-GAS EXTRACTION; GREEN RIVER-BASIN; UINTAH BASIN; N2O5; NO3; URBAN; OIL AB High wintertime ozone levels have been observed in the Uintah Basin, Utah, a sparsely populated rural region with intensive oil and gas operations. The reactive nitrogen budget plays an important role in tropospheric ozone formation. Measurements were taken during three field campaigns in the winters of 2012, 2013 and 2014, which experienced varying climatic conditions. Average concentrations of ozone and total reactive nitrogen were observed to be 2.5 times higher in 2013 than 2012, with 2014 an intermediate year in most respects. However, photochemically active NOx (NO + NO2) remained remarkably similar all three years. Nitric acid comprised roughly half of NOz ( NOy + NOx) in 2013, with nighttime nitric acid formation through heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 contributing approximately 6 times more than daytime formation. In 2012, N2O5 and ClNO2 were larger components of NOz relative to HNO3. The nighttime N2O5 lifetime between the high-ozone year 2013 and the low-ozone year 2012 is lower by a factor of 2.6, and much of this is due to higher aerosol surface area in the high-ozone year of 2013. A box-model simulation supports the importance of nighttime chemistry on the reactive nitrogen budget, showing a large sensitivity of NOx and ozone concentrations to nighttime processes. C1 [Wild, R. J.; Edwards, P. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dube, W. P.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J.; Koss, A. R.; Lerner, B. M.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.; Young, C. J.; Yuan, B.; Zarzana, K. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wild, R. J.; Edwards, P. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dube, W. P.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J.; Koss, A. R.; Lerner, B. M.; Roberts, J. M.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.; Young, C. J.; Yuan, B.; Zarzana, K. J.; Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, T. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kercher, J.] Hiram Coll, Dept Chem, Hiram, OH 44234 USA. [McLaren, R.] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [McLaren, R.] York Univ, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, S. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Edwards, P. M.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Young, C. J.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Brown, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Zarzana, Kyle/N-4714-2014; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Wild, Robert/I-1963-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Zarzana, Kyle/0000-0003-1581-6419; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Wild, Robert/0000-0002-4800-5172; FU Western Energy Alliance; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate program FX The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Studies were a joint project led and coordinated by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) and supported by the Uintah Impact Mitigation Special Service District (UIMSSD), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Utah State University. This work was funded in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate program. We thank Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. This is PMEL contribution number 4353. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.5194/acp-16-573-2016 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YH UT WOS:000371284000008 ER PT J AU Liu, T Wang, X Hu, Q Deng, W Zhang, Y Ding, X Fu, X Bernard, F Zhang, Z Lu, S He, Q Bi, X Chen, J Sun, Y Yu, J Peng, P Sheng, G Fu, J AF Liu, T. Wang, X. Hu, Q. Deng, W. Zhang, Y. Ding, X. Fu, X. Bernard, F. Zhang, Z. Lu, S. He, Q. Bi, X. Chen, J. Sun, Y. Yu, J. Peng, P. Sheng, G. Fu, J. TI Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust when mixing with SO2 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CRIEGEE INTERMEDIATE CH2OO; PEARL RIVER DELTA; M-XYLENE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SMOG CHAMBER; GAS-PHASE; PARTICULATE MATTER; SULFUR-DIOXIDE AB Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can enhance the formation of secondary aerosols from biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but its influence on secondary aerosol formation from anthropogenic VOCs, particularly complex mixtures like vehicle exhaust, remains uncertain. Gasoline vehicle exhaust (GVE) and SO2, a typical pollutant from coal burning, are directly co-introduced into a smog chamber, in this study, to investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and sulfate aerosols through photooxidation. New particle formation was enhanced, while substantial sulfate was formed through the oxidation of SO2 in the presence of high concentration of SO2. Homogenous oxidation by OH radicals contributed a negligible fraction to the conversion of SO2 to sulfate, and instead the oxidation by stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs), formed from alkenes in the exhaust reacting with ozone, dominated the conversion of SO2. After 5 h of photochemical aging, GVE's SOA production factor revealed an increase by 60-200% in the presence of high concentration of SO2 . The increase could principally be attributed to acid-catalyzed SOA formation as evidenced by the strong positive linear correlation (R-2 = 0 : 97) between the SOA production factor and in situ particle acidity calculated by the AIM-II model. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) resolved OA's relatively lower oxygen-to-carbon (O:C)(0.44 +/- 0.02) and higher hydrogen-to-carbon (H:C) (1.40 +/- 0.03) molar ratios for the GVE/SO2 mixture, with a significantly lower estimated average carbon oxidation state (OSc) of -0.51 +/- 0.06 than -0.19 +/- 0.08 for GVE alone. The relative higher mass loading of OA in the experiments with SO2 might be a significant explanation for the lower SOA oxidation degree. C1 [Liu, T.; Wang, X.; Hu, Q.; Deng, W.; Zhang, Y.; Ding, X.; Fu, X.; Bernard, F.; Zhang, Z.; Lu, S.; He, Q.; Bi, X.; Peng, P.; Sheng, G.; Fu, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, T.; Deng, W.; Fu, X.; Zhang, Z.; Lu, S.; He, Q.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Bernard, F.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chen, J.] Fudan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Atmospher Particle Pollut & Prev, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Sun, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Yu, J.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Environm, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM wangxm@gig.ac.cn RI Wang, Xinming/A-7388-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Zhang, Zhou/E-1227-2015; BERNARD, Francois/F-2864-2014; Sun, Yele/F-1314-2010; He, Quanfu/O-1037-2014; ZHANG, Yanli/A-3225-2015; Ding, Xiang/C-7018-2012 OI Wang, Xinming/0000-0002-1982-0928; Zhang, Zhou/0000-0003-2906-9450; BERNARD, Francois/0000-0002-6116-3167; Sun, Yele/0000-0003-2354-0221; He, Quanfu/0000-0002-3229-8206; ZHANG, Yanli/0000-0003-0614-2096; Ding, Xiang/0000-0002-1218-1879 FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05010200]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012IM030700]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41025012/41121063]; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIGCAS 135 project) [Y234161001] FX This study was supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDB05010200), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (project no. 2012IM030700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 41025012/41121063), and the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIGCAS 135 project Y234161001). NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 35 U2 75 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 BP 675 EP 689 DI 10.5194/acp-16-675-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YH UT WOS:000371284000014 ER PT J AU Hopner, F Bender, FAM Ekman, AML Praveen, PS Bosch, C Ogren, JA Andersson, A Gustafsson, O Ramanathan, V AF Hopner, F. Bender, F. A. -M. Ekman, A. M. L. Praveen, P. S. Bosch, C. Ogren, J. A. Andersson, A. Gustafsson, O. Ramanathan, V. TI Vertical profiles of optical and microphysical particle properties above the northern Indian Ocean during CARDEX 2012 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES; BLACK CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; WATER-VAPOR; INDOEX 1999; LIDAR; ASIA AB A detailed analysis of optical and microphysical properties of aerosol particles during the dry winter monsoon season above the northern Indian Ocean is presented. The Cloud Aerosol Radiative Forcing Experiment (CARDEX), conducted from 16 February to 30 March 2012 at the Maldives Climate Observatory on Hanimaadhoo island (MCOH) in the Republic of the Maldives, used autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (AUAV) to perform vertical in situ measurements of particle number concentration, particle number size distribution as well as particle absorption coefficients. These measurements were used together with surface-based Mini Micro Pulse Lidar (MiniMPL) observations and aerosol in situ and off-line measurements to investigate the vertical distribution of aerosol particles. Air masses were mainly advected over the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula. The mean surface aerosol number concentration was 1717 +/- 604cm(-3) and the highest values were found in air masses from the Bay of Bengal and Indo-Gangetic Plain (2247 +/- 370cm(-3)). Investigations of the free tropospheric air showed that elevated aerosol layers with up to 3 times higher aerosol number concentrations than at the surface occurred mainly during periods with air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. This feature is different compared to what was observed during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) conducted in winter 1999, where aerosol number concentrations generally decreased with height. In contrast, lower particle absorption at the surface (sigma(abs)(520nm) = 8.5 + 4.2Wm(-1)) was found during CARDEX compared to INDOEX 1999. Layers with source region specific single-scattering albedo (SSA) values were derived by combining vertical in situ particle absorption coefficients and scattering coefficients calculated with Mie theory. These SSA layers were utilized to calculate vertical particle absorption profiles from MiniMPL profiles. SSA surface values for 550 nm for dry conditions were found to be 0 : 94 +/- 0 : 02 and 0 : 91 +/- 0 : 02 for air masses from the Arabian Sea (and Middle East countries) and India (and Bay of Bengal), respectively. Lidar-derived particle absorption coefficient profiles showed both a similar magnitude and structure as the in situ profiles measured with the AUAV. However, primarily due to insufficient accuracy in the SSA estimates, the lidar-derived absorption coefficient profiles have large uncertainties and are generally weakly correlated to vertically in situ measured particle absorption coefficients. Furthermore, the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) for the northern Indian Ocean during the dry monsoon season was calculated to determine equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations from particle absorption coefficient measurements. A mean MAE of 11.6 and 6.9m(2) g(-1) for 520 and 880 nm, respectively, was found, likely representing internally mixed BC containing particles. Lower MAE values for 880 and 520 nm were found for air masses originating from dust regions such as the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia (MAE(880 nm) = 5.6m(2) g(-1), MAE(520 nm) = 9.5m(2) g(-1)) or from closer source regions as southern India (MAE(880 nm) = 4.3m(2) g(-1), MAE(520 nm) = 7. 3m(2) g(-1)). C1 [Hopner, F.; Bender, F. A. -M.; Ekman, A. M. L.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol MISU, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hopner, F.; Bender, F. A. -M.; Ekman, A. M. L.; Bosch, C.; Andersson, A.; Gustafsson, O.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Praveen, P. S.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Bosch, C.; Andersson, A.; Gustafsson, O.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem ACES, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Ogren, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ramanathan, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bosch, C.] Fdn CTM Ctr Tecnol, Environment & Energy, Pl Ciencia 2, Manresa 08243, Spain. RP Hopner, F (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol MISU, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.; Hopner, F (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM friederike@misu.su.se FU National Science foundation; Stockholm University; Argonne National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute; government of Maldives; FORMAS [214-2009-970]; STEM [35450-2]; Sida [AKT-2010-038]; EU Marie Curie Programme [PIEF-GA-2011-198507] FX The CARDEX field campaign was sponsored and funded by the National Science foundation and conducted by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego in collaboration with the Desert Research Institute, Stockholm University, Argonne National Laboratory and the Max Planck Institute at Hamburg. V. Ramanathan is the principal investigator of CARDEX, E. Wilcox is the Co-PI and H. Nguyen was the field director who conducted the campaign with full support by the government of Maldives. We thank the AERONET PI Brent Holben for his effort in establishing and maintaining the MCO-Hanimaadhoo site.; C. Bosch, A. Andersson and O. Gustafsson also acknowledge financial support from the Swedish funding agencies FORMAS (214-2009-970), STEM (35450-2), and Sida (AKT-2010-038). C. Bosch acknowledges additional financial support from EU Marie Curie Programme (PIEF-GA-2011-198507). NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1045 EP 1064 DI 10.5194/acp-16-1045-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YH UT WOS:000371284000035 ER PT J AU Xiao, Q Zhang, H Choi, M Li, S Kondragunta, S Kim, J Holben, B Levy, RC Liu, Y AF Xiao, Q. Zhang, H. Choi, M. Li, S. Kondragunta, S. Kim, J. Holben, B. Levy, R. C. Liu, Y. TI Evaluation of VIIRS, GOCI, and MODIS Collection 6AOD retrievals against ground sunphotometer observations over East Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; LEVEL PM2.5; LAND; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; POLLUTION; PRODUCTS; MONITOR; AERONET; DEPTH AB Persistent high aerosol loadings together with extremely high population densities have raised serious air quality and public health concerns in many urban centers in East Asia. However, ground-based air quality monitoring is relatively limited in this area. Recently, satellite-retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at high resolution has become a powerful tool to characterize aerosol patterns in space and time. Using ground AOD observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON)-Asia Campaign, as well as from handheld sunphotometers, we evaluated emerging aerosol products from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP), the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) aboard the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorology Satellite (COMS), and Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (Collection 6) in East Asia in 2012 and 2013. In the case study in Beijing, when compared with AOD observations from handheld sunphotometers, 51% of VIIRS Environmental Data Record (EDR) AOD, 37% of GOCI AOD, 33% of VIIRS Intermediate Product (IP) AOD, 26% of Terra MODIS C6 3 km AOD, and 16% of Aqua MODIS C6 3 km AOD fell within the reference expected error (EE) envelope (+/- 0.05 +/- 0.15 AOD). Comparing against AERONET AOD over the Japan-South Korea region, 64% of EDR, 37% of IP, 61% of GOCI, 39% of Terra MODIS, and 56% of Aqua MODIS C6 3 km AOD fell within the EE. In general, satellite aerosol products performed better in tracking the day-to-day variability than tracking the spatial variability at high resolutions. The VIIRS EDR and GOCI products provided the most accurate AOD retrievals, while VIIRS IP and MODIS C6 3 km products had positive biases. C1 [Xiao, Q.; Li, S.; Liu, Y.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, H.] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Choi, M.; Kim, J.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Li, S.] State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kondragunta, S.] NOAA, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Holben, B.; Levy, R. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM yang.liu@emory.edu RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303 FU NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNX11AI53G, NNX14AG01G]; NASA EOS project office; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea; NASA Earth Science Program [NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA] FX The work of Y. Liu and Q. Xiao was partially supported by the NASA Applied Sciences Program (grants NNX11AI53G and NNX14AG01G, PI: Liu). We would like to acknowledge the AERONET team, I. Sano and the DRAGON-Japan team, the Yonsi team and their collaborators in S. Korea, and CARSNET and CAS teams in and around Beijing for providing data support in this study. The AERONET project was supported by the NASA EOS project office, and by Hal B. Maring, Radiation Sciences Program, NASA Headquarters. This research was a part of the project titled "Research for Applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager", funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. The MODIS project was supported by the NASA Earth Science Program, grant NNH13ZDA001N-TERAQEA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1255 EP 1269 DI 10.5194/acp-16-1255-2016 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YI UT WOS:000371284100004 ER PT J AU Asmi, E Kondratyev, V Brus, D Laurila, T Lihavainen, H Backman, J Vakkari, V Aurela, M Hatakka, J Viisanen, Y Uttal, T Ivakhov, V Makshtas, A AF Asmi, E. Kondratyev, V. Brus, D. Laurila, T. Lihavainen, H. Backman, J. Vakkari, V. Aurela, M. Hatakka, J. Viisanen, Y. Uttal, T. Ivakhov, V. Makshtas, A. TI Aerosol size distribution seasonal characteristics measured in Tiksi, Russian Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZOTTO TALL TOWER; BLACK CARBON; PARTICLE FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; FINLAND; EMISSIONS; MODEL; HYYTIALA; SITE; MASS AB Four years of continuous aerosol number size distribution measurements from the Arctic Climate Observatory in Tiksi, Russia, are analyzed. Tiksi is located in a region where in situ information on aerosol particle properties has not been previously available. Particle size distributions were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (in the diameter range of 7-500 nm) and with an aerodynamic particle sizer (in the diameter range of 0.5-10 mu m). Source region effects on particle modal features and number, and mass concentrations are presented for different seasons. The monthly median total aerosol number concentration in Tiksi ranges from 184 cm(-3) in November to 724 cm(-3) in July, with a local maximum in March of 481 cm(-3). The total mass concentration has a distinct maximum in February-March of 1.72-2.38 mu gm(-3) and two minimums in June (0.42 mu gm(-3)) and in September-October (0.36-0.57 mu gm(-3)). These seasonal cycles in number and mass concentrations are related to isolated processes and phenomena such as Arctic haze in early spring, which increases accumulation and coarse-mode numbers, and secondary particle formation in spring and summer, which affects the nucleation and Aitken mode particle concentrations. Secondary particle formation was frequently observed in Tiksi and was shown to be slightly more common in marine, in comparison to continental, air flows. Particle formation rates were the highest in spring, while the particle growth rates peaked in summer. These results suggest two different origins for secondary particles, anthropogenic pollution being the important source in spring and biogenic emissions being significant in summer. The impact of temperature-dependent natural emissions on aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei numbers was significant: the increase in both the particle mass and the CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) number with temperature was found to be higher than in any previous study done over the boreal forest region. In addition to the precursor emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, the frequent Siberian forest fires, although far away, are suggested to play a role in Arctic aerosol composition during the warmest months. Five fire events were isolated based on clustering analysis, and the particle mass and cloud condensation nuclei number were shown to be somewhat affected by these events. In addition, during calm and cold months, aerosol concentrations were occasionally increased by local aerosol sources in trapping inversions. These results provide valuable information on interannual cycles and sources of Arctic aerosols. C1 [Asmi, E.; Kondratyev, V.; Brus, D.; Laurila, T.; Lihavainen, H.; Backman, J.; Vakkari, V.; Aurela, M.; Hatakka, J.; Viisanen, Y.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kondratyev, V.] Yakutian Serv Hydrometeorol & Environm Monitoring, Tiksi, Russia. [Uttal, T.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Ivakhov, V.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Makshtas, A.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. RP Asmi, E (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM eija.asmi@fmi.fi RI Brus, David/A-8296-2011; Backman, John/P-4308-2014 OI Brus, David/0000-0002-8766-7873; Backman, John/0000-0002-4444-8777 FU Academy of Finland project "Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic" [269095]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program [272041]; KONE foundation [46-6817]; Magnus Ehrnooth foundation; Roshydromet Arctic and Antarctic Research institute; NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory Physical Science Division FX This work was supported by the Academy of Finland project "Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic" (project number 269095) and the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program (project number 272041), the KONE foundation (grant number 46-6817), and a Magnus Ehrnooth foundation grant for "Natural climate feedbacks of aerosols in the Arctic". Data collection, acquisition, transfer, and archiving was supported by the Roshydromet Arctic and Antarctic Research institute and the NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory Physical Science Division. We would also like to thank E. D. Volkov and O. V. Dmitrieva for maintaining the measurements in Tiksi year-round. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1271 EP 1287 DI 10.5194/acp-16-1271-2016 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YI UT WOS:000371284100005 ER PT J AU Paulot, F Ginoux, P Cooke, WF Donner, LJ Fan, S Lin, MY Mao, J Naik, V Horowitz, LW AF Paulot, F. Ginoux, P. Cooke, W. F. Donner, L. J. Fan, S. Lin, M. -Y. Mao, J. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. W. TI Sensitivity of nitrate aerosols to ammonia emissions and to nitrate chemistry: implications for present and future nitrate optical depth SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; IASI SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICULATE SULFATE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE AB We update and evaluate the treatment of nitrate aerosols in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model (AM3). Accounting for the radiative effects of nitrate aerosols generally improves the simulated aerosol optical depth, although nitrate concentrations at the surface are biased high. This bias can be reduced by increasing the deposition of nitrate to account for the near-surface volatilization of ammonium nitrate or by neglecting the heterogeneous production of nitric acid to account for the inhibition of N2O5 reactive uptake at high nitrate concentrations. Globally, uncertainties in these processes can impact the simulated nitrate optical depth by up to 25 %, much more than the impact of uncertainties in the seasonality of ammonia emissions (6 %) or in the uptake of nitric acid on dust (13 %). Our best estimate for fine nitrate optical depth at 550 nm in 2010 is 0 : 006 (0.005-0.008). In wintertime, nitrate aerosols are simulated to account for over 30% of the aerosol optical depth over western Europe and North America. Simulated nitrate optical depth increases by less than 30% (0.0061-0.010) in response to projected changes in anthropogenic emissions from 2010 to 2050 (e.g., -40% for SO2 and +38% for ammonia). This increase is primarily driven by greater concentrations of nitrate in the free troposphere, while surface nitrate concentrations decrease in the midlatitudes following lower concentrations of nitric acid. With the projected increase of ammonia emissions, we show that better constraints on the vertical distribution of ammonia (e.g., convective transport and biomass burning injection) and on the sources and sinks of nitric acid (e.g., heterogeneous reaction on dust) are needed to improve estimates of future nitrate optical depth. C1 [Paulot, F.; Ginoux, P.; Cooke, W. F.; Donner, L. J.; Fan, S.; Lin, M. -Y.; Mao, J.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Paulot, F.; Lin, M. -Y.; Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Paulot, F (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.; Paulot, F (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM fabien.paulot@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle; NASA [NNH14ZDA001N-ACMAP]; Climate program FX We are grateful to J. Ogren and B. Andrews for guidance with observations from the NOAA AAO program. We thank D. Ward for helpful discussions. This study was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program and by NASA under grant NNH14ZDA001N-ACMAP to P. Ginoux and F. Paulot. NR 116 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1459 EP 1477 DI 10.5194/acp-16-1459-2016 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YI UT WOS:000371284100017 ER PT J AU Marais, EA Jacob, DJ Jimenez, JL Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Hu, W Krechmer, J Zhu, L Kim, PS Miller, CC Fisher, JA Travis, K Yu, K Hanisco, TF Wolfe, GM Arkinson, HL Pye, HOT Froyd, KD Liao, J McNeill, VF AF Marais, E. A. Jacob, D. J. Jimenez, J. L. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. Hu, W. Krechmer, J. Zhu, L. Kim, P. S. Miller, C. C. Fisher, J. A. Travis, K. Yu, K. Hanisco, T. F. Wolfe, G. M. Arkinson, H. L. Pye, H. O. T. Froyd, K. D. Liao, J. McNeill, V. F. TI Aqueous-phase mechanism for secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene: application to the southeast United States and co-benefit of SO2 emission controls SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-NOX CONDITIONS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; 2-METHYLGLYCERIC ACID; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; EPOXIDE FORMATION; RATE CONSTANTS; NORTH-AMERICA AB Isoprene emitted by vegetation is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the mechanism and yields are uncertain. Aerosol is prevailingly aqueous under the humid conditions typical of isoprene-emitting regions. Here we develop an aqueous-phase mechanism for isoprene SOA formation coupled to a detailed gas-phase isoprene oxidation scheme. The mechanism is based on aerosol reactive uptake coefficients (gamma) for water-soluble isoprene oxidation products, including sensitivity to aerosol acidity and nucleophile concentrations. We apply this mechanism to simulation of aircraft (SEAC(4)RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations over the southeast US in summer 2013 using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) over the southeast US are such that the peroxy radicals produced from isoprene oxidation (ISOPO2) react significantly with both NO (high-NOx pathway) and HO2 (low-NOx pathway), leading to different suites of isoprene SOA precursors. We find a mean SOA mass yield of 3.3% from isoprene oxidation, consistent with the observed relationship of total fine organic aerosol (OA) and formaldehyde (a product of isoprene oxidation). Isoprene SOA production is mainly contributed by two immediate gasphase precursors, isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX, 58% of isoprene SOA) from the low-NOx pathway and glyoxal (28 %) from both low-and high-NOx pathways. This speciation is consistent with observations of IEPOX SOA from SOAS and SEAC4RS. Observations show a strong relationship between IEPOX SOA and sulfate aerosol that we explain as due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume. Isoprene SOA concentrations increase as NOx emissions decrease (favoring the low-NOx pathway for isoprene oxidation), but decrease more strongly as SO2 emissions decrease (due to the effect of sulfate on aerosol acidity and volume). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) projects 2013-2025 decreases in anthropogenic emissions of 34% for NOx (leading to a 7% increase in isoprene SOA) and 48% for SO2 (35% decrease in isoprene SOA). Reducing SO2 emissions decreases sulfate and isoprene SOA by a similar magnitude, representing a factor of 2 co-benefit for PM2.5 from SO2 emission controls. C1 [Marais, E. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Zhu, L.; Travis, K.; Yu, K.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Kim, P. S.; Miller, C. C.] Harvard Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Hu, W.; Krechmer, J.; Froyd, K. D.; Liao, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Hu, W.; Krechmer, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fisher, J. A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Fisher, J. A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Hanisco, T. F.; Wolfe, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Arkinson, H. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Froyd, K. D.; Liao, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [McNeill, V. F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Marais, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emarais@seas.harvard.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Travis, Katherine/G-1417-2016; Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012; Krechmer, Jordan/C-9153-2016; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051; Travis, Katherine/0000-0003-1628-0353; Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140; Krechmer, Jordan/0000-0003-3642-0659; FU NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program; NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team; South African National Research Foundation Fellowship; Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Fellowship FX We are grateful to the entire NASA SEAC4RS team for their help in the field, in particular Paul Wennberg, John Crounse, Jason St. Clair, and Alex Teng for their CIT-CIMS measurements. Thanks also to Jesse Kroll for assisting in the interpretation of chamber study results. This work was funded by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program, the NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team, and a South African National Research Foundation Fellowship and Schlumberger Faculty for the Future Fellowship to E. A. Marais. W. Hu, J. Krechmer, P. Campuzano-Jost, D. A. Day, and J. L. Jimenez were supported by NASA NNX12AC03G/NNX15AT96G and NSF AGS-1243354. J. Krechmer was supported by EPA STAR (FP-91770901-0) and CIRES Fellowships. J. A. Fisher acknowledges support from a University of Wollongong Vice Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship. HCHO observations were acquired with support from NASA ROSES SEAC4RS grant NNH10ZDA001N. Although this document has been reviewed by US EPA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect US EPA's policies or views. NR 113 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 30 U2 62 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1603 EP 1618 DI 10.5194/acp-16-1603-2016 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YI UT WOS:000371284100025 ER PT J AU Hoyle, CR Fuchs, C Jarvinen, E Saathoff, H Dias, A El Haddad, I Gysel, M Coburn, SC Trostl, J Bernhammer, AK Bianchi, F Breitenlechner, M Corbin, JC Craven, J Donahue, NM Duplissy, J Ehrhart, S Frege, C Gordon, H Hoppel, N Heinritzi, M Kristensen, TB Molteni, U Nichman, L Pinterich, T Prevot, ASH Simon, M Slowik, JG Steiner, G Tome, A Vogel, AL Volkamer, R Wagner, AC Wagner, R Wexler, AS Williamson, C Winkler, PM Yan, C Amorim, A Dommen, J Curtius, J Gallagher, MW Flagan, RC Hansel, A Kirkby, J Kulmala, M Mohler, O Stratmann, F Worsnop, DR Baltensperger, U AF Hoyle, C. R. Fuchs, C. Jaervinen, E. Saathoff, H. Dias, A. El Haddad, I. Gysel, M. Coburn, S. C. Troestl, J. Bernhammer, A. -K. Bianchi, F. Breitenlechner, M. Corbin, J. C. Craven, J. Donahue, N. M. Duplissy, J. Ehrhart, S. Frege, C. Gordon, H. Hoeppel, N. Heinritzi, M. Kristensen, T. B. Molteni, U. Nichman, L. Pinterich, T. Prevot, A. S. H. Simon, M. Slowik, J. G. Steiner, G. Tome, A. Vogel, A. L. Volkamer, R. Wagner, A. C. Wagner, R. Wexler, A. S. Williamson, C. Winkler, P. M. Yan, C. Amorim, A. Dommen, J. Curtius, J. Gallagher, M. W. Flagan, R. C. Hansel, A. Kirkby, J. Kulmala, M. Moehler, O. Stratmann, F. Worsnop, D. R. Baltensperger, U. TI Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CE-DOAS INSTRUMENT; CHAMBER MEASUREMENTS; METHYL GLYOXAL; WATER-VAPOR; SO2; MASS; PARTICLES; MECHANISM; SPECTROMETER AB The growth of aerosol due to the aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone was measured in laboratory-generated clouds created in the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Experiments were performed at 10 and -10 degrees C, on acidic (sulfuric acid) and on partially to fully neutralised (ammonium sulfate) seed aerosol. Clouds were generated by performing an adiabatic expansion-pressurising the chamber to 220 hPa above atmospheric pressure, and then rapidly releasing the excess pressure, resulting in a cooling, condensation of water on the aerosol and a cloud lifetime of approximately 6 min. A model was developed to compare the observed aerosol growth with that predicted using oxidation rate constants previously measured in bulk solutions. The model captured the measured aerosol growth very well for experiments performed at 10 and -10 degrees C, indicating that, in contrast to some previous studies, the oxidation rates of SO2 in a dispersed aqueous system can be well represented by using accepted rate constants, based on bulk measurements. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first laboratory-based measurements of aqueous phase oxidation in a dispersed, supercooled population of droplets. The measurements are therefore important in confirming that the extrapolation of currently accepted reaction rate constants to temperatures below 0 degrees C is correct. C1 [Hoyle, C. R.; Fuchs, C.; El Haddad, I.; Gysel, M.; Troestl, J.; Bianchi, F.; Corbin, J. C.; Frege, C.; Molteni, U.; Prevot, A. S. H.; Slowik, J. G.; Dommen, J.; Baltensperger, U.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Hoyle, C. R.] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF Davos, Davos, Switzerland. [Jaervinen, E.; Saathoff, H.; Hoeppel, N.; Moehler, O.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Dias, A.; Ehrhart, S.; Gordon, H.; Vogel, A. L.; Kirkby, J.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Coburn, S. C.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coburn, S. C.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bernhammer, A. -K.; Breitenlechner, M.; Steiner, G.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Craven, J.; Flagan, R. C.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Donahue, N. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Duplissy, J.; Steiner, G.; Wagner, R.; Yan, C.; Kulmala, M.; Worsnop, D. R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Atmospher Sci, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Heinritzi, M.; Simon, M.; Wagner, A. C.; Williamson, C.; Curtius, J.; Kirkby, J.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Kristensen, T. B.; Stratmann, F.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Nichman, L.; Gallagher, M. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Pinterich, T.; Steiner, G.; Winkler, P. M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys Aerosol & Environm Phys, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Tome, A.; Amorim, A.] Univ Lisbon, CENTRA SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tome, A.; Amorim, A.] Univ Beira Interior, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Wexler, A. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wexler, A. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wexler, A. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bernhammer, A. -K.; Hansel, A.] Ionicon Anal GmbH, Eduard Bodem Gasse 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Gallagher, M. W.] NERC Instrument PI, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Craven, J.] Portland Technol Dev Div Intel, Hillsboro, OR USA. [Williamson, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway R-CSD2, Boulder, CO USA. [Williamson, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoyle, CR (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland.; Hoyle, CR (reprint author), WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF Davos, Davos, Switzerland. EM christopher.hoyle@psi.ch RI Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Duplissy, Jonathan/A-1723-2010; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; Vogel, Alexander/A-1772-2017; Bianchi, Federico/G-8428-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Slowik, Jay/F-4894-2011; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Tome, Antonio/A-5681-2013; Gysel, Martin/C-3843-2008; Donahue, Neil/A-2329-2008; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Jarvinen, Emma/G-7120-2014; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Hoyle, Christopher/B-7786-2008; El Haddad, Imad/B-8073-2011 OI Trostl, Jasmin/0000-0002-2807-0348; Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin/0000-0002-0614-3649; Wagner, Robert/0000-0001-7365-8020; Duplissy, Jonathan/0000-0001-8819-0264; Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Vogel, Alexander/0000-0002-1293-6370; Bianchi, Federico/0000-0003-2996-3604; WILLIAMSON, CHRISTINA/0000-0002-5188-9378; Gallagher, Martin/0000-0002-4968-6088; Slowik, Jay/0000-0001-5682-850X; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Tome, Antonio/0000-0001-9144-7120; Gysel, Martin/0000-0002-7453-1264; Donahue, Neil/0000-0003-3054-2364; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Jarvinen, Emma/0000-0001-5171-1759; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Hoyle, Christopher/0000-0002-1369-9143; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHN 1140/2-1]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021_140663]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project; Dreyfus Award [EP-11-117]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-1447056, AGS-1439551]; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-TRAIN") [316662]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01LK1222A] FX We thank Martin Schnaiter for his assistance with the SIMONE and PPD-2K data interpretation. The PPD-2K was made available by funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant SCHN 1140/2-1. C. R. Hoyle was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (grant number 200021_140663). T. B. Kristensen gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project. J. Craven received funding through the Dreyfus Award EP-11-117. N. M. Donahue received funding through US National Science Foundation Grants AGS-1447056 and AGS-1439551. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network "CLOUD-TRAIN" grant no. 316662, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project no. 01LK1222A and B). NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 1693 EP 1712 DI 10.5194/acp-16-1693-2016 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3YI UT WOS:000371284100030 ER PT J AU Constantino, PJ Borrero-Lopez, O Pajares, A Lawn, BR AF Constantino, Paul J. Borrero-Lopez, Oscar Pajares, Antonia Lawn, Brian R. TI Simulation of enamel wear for reconstruction of diet and feeding behavior in fossil animals: A micromechanics approach SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article DE contact mechanics; diet; microwear; Paranthropus; tooth wear ID MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS; DENTAL MICROWEAR; TOOTH WEAR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIAL FRACTURE; CANINE TEETH; ACUTE PROBES; BITE FORCE; INDENTATION; CERAMICS AB The deformation and wear events that underlie microwear and macrowear signals commonly used for dietary reconstruction in fossil animals can be replicated and quantified by controlled laboratory tests on extracted tooth specimens in conjunction with fundamental micromechanics analysis. Key variables governing wear relations include angularity, stiffness (modulus), and size of the contacting particle, along with material properties of enamel. Both axial and sliding contacts can result in the removal of tooth enamel. The degree of removal, characterized by a wear coefficient, varies strongly with particle content at the occlusal interface. Conditions leading to a transition from mild to severe wear are discussed. Measurements of wear traces can provide information about contact force and particle shape. The potential utility of the micromechanics methodology as an adjunct for investigating tooth durability and reconstructing diet is explored. C1 [Constantino, Paul J.] St Michaels Coll, Dept Biol, Colchester, VT USA. [Borrero-Lopez, Oscar; Pajares, Antonia] Univ Extremadura, Dept Ingn Mecan Energet & Mat, Badajoz, Spain. [Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Constantino, PJ (reprint author), St Michaels Coll, Dept Biol, Colchester, VT USA. EM paulconstantino@gmail.com RI Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 FU European Union [604036]; Gobierno de Extremadura; FEDER Funds [IB13007]; NIST via Dakota Consulting Inc. FX This study was supported in part by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (grant agreement 604036), the Gobierno de Extremadura and FEDER Funds (grant IB13007), and by NIST funding (via Dakota Consulting Inc.). NR 103 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0265-9247 EI 1521-1878 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD JAN PY 2016 VL 38 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1002/bies.201500094 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA DF3RT UT WOS:000371265200011 PM 26643447 ER PT J AU Hatch, JM Wiley, D Murray, KT Welch, L AF Hatch, Joshua M. Wiley, David Murray, Kimberly T. Welch, Linda TI Integrating Satellite-Tagged Seabird and Fishery-Dependent Data: A Case Study of Great Shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) and the US New England Sink Gillnet Fishery SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; great shearwater; overlap; satellite tagging; seabird AB Identifying the overlap of commercial fishing grounds and seabird habitat can suggest areas of high bycatch risk and inform management and mitigation measures. We used Bayesian state space modeling to describe the movements of 10 satellite-tagged Great Shearwaters and a bivariate kernel density technique to investigate spatial overlap with commercial fishing effort to predict areas of high bycatch in the Gulf of Maine. We then used contemporaneous fishery observer data to test the validity of our predictions, highlighting an area constituting 1% of the Gulf of Maine as having the highest bycatch risk that accounted for 50% of observed takes. Fishery observer data also provided insights into characteristics of the seabird-fishery interactions. Our results indicate that a relatively small number of satellite-tagged seabirds, when combined with fishery-dependent data, can lead to identifying high-bycatch areas, particular fishing practices that might increase risk, and fishing communities that could be targeted for education/mitigation. C1 [Hatch, Joshua M.] Integrated Stat Inc, 172 Shearwater Way, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Wiley, David] Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 01938 USA. [Murray, Kimberly T.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Welch, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maine Coast Islands Natl Wildlife Refuge, POB 279, Milbridge, ME 04658 USA. RP Hatch, JM (reprint author), 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM joshua.hatch@noaa.gov FU Volgenau Foundation; Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; National Marine Sanctuary Foundation FX We thank observers and staff of the Fisheries Sampling Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center for data collection and editing. We would also like to thank Peter Corkeron, Michael Simpkins, Andrew Rosenberg, Leigh Torres, and an anonymous reviewer who improved the quality of this manuscript. Michael Thompson, Andrew Allyn, and the crew of the NOAA R/V Auk aided the collection of shearwater data. Funding for the project was provided by the Volgenau Foundation, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1111/conl.12178 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DF3JX UT WOS:000371241200006 ER PT J AU Marshall, KN Stier, AC Samhouri, JF Kelly, RP Ward, EJ AF Marshall, Kristin N. Stier, Adrian C. Samhouri, Jameal F. Kelly, Ryan P. Ward, Eric J. TI Conservation Challenges of Predator Recovery SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Endangered species; environmental policy; management; competition; predation; salmon; killer whales; pinnipeds; Yellowstone; wolves; grizzly bears; elk ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; GRIZZLY BEARS; TOP PREDATORS; MANAGEMENT; TRENDS; DIET; ELK AB Predators are critical components of ecosystems. Globally, conservation efforts have targeted depleted populations of top predators for legal protection, and in many cases, this protection has helped their recoveries. Where the recovery of individual species is the goal, these efforts can be seen as largely successful. From an ecosystem perspective, however, predator recovery can introduce significant new conservation and legal challenges. We highlight three types of conflicts created by a single-species focus: (1) recovering predator populations that increase competition with humans for the same prey, (2) new tradeoffs that emerge when protected predators consume protected prey, and (3) multiple predator populations that compete for the same limited prey. We use two food webs with parallel conservation challenges, the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, to demonstrate legal/policy conflicts and the policy levers that exist to ameliorate conflicts. In some cases, scientific uncertainty about the ecological interaction hinders progress towards resolving conflicts. In others, available policy options are insufficient. In all cases, management decisions must be made in the face of an unknown future. We suggest a framework that incorporates multispecies science, policy tools, and tradeoff analyses into management. C1 [Marshall, Kristin N.; Samhouri, Jameal F.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kelly, Ryan P.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Stier, Adrian C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP Marshall, KN (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kristin.Marshall@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 18 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1111/conl.12186 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA DF3JX UT WOS:000371241200010 ER PT J AU Nogueira, A Gonzalez-Troncoso, D Tolimieri, N AF Nogueira, Adriana Gonzalez-Troncoso, Diana Tolimieri, Nick TI Changes and trends in the overexploited fish assemblages of two fishing grounds of the Northwest Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE assemblage structure; diversity; ecosystem approach; generalized mixed additive models; mean trophic level ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPHIC FINGERPRINT; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM; INDICATORS; PATTERNS; SHELF; GROUNDFISHES AB An ecosystem approach is widely recognized as desirable for fisheries management. A key element is the development of indicators for the assessment of ecosystem status. We evaluated the status of two, exploited marine ecosystems, Southern Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Flemish Cap, using a multivariate analysis and a suit of ecological indicators. We used data obtained from two multispecies bottom trawl surveys performed by the Spanish Administration in the Southern Grand Banks (3NO survey) from 2002 to 2014, and the EU in the Flemish Cap (3M survey) from 1991 to 2014. We studied the dynamic of major demersal fish assemblages (38-300, 301-600, and 601-1460 m depth in 3NO; 129-250, 251-600, and 601-1460 min 3M). Temporal changes and trends in fish assemblages' structure were tested using a non-metric multidimensional scaling and four indicators (mean trophic level, species evenness, species diversity, and species richness). This study revealed the importance of calculating indicators in each assemblage and the usefulness of indices to compare areas and periods under different fishing pressure. C1 [Nogueira, Adriana] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Campus Mar, Ave Beiramar 37, Vigo 36202, Spain. [Nogueira, Adriana] Univ Vigo, Campus Mar, Vigo 36310, Spain. [Gonzalez-Troncoso, Diana] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Subida Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain. [Tolimieri, Nick] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nogueira, A (reprint author), Inst Espanol Oceanog, Campus Mar, Ave Beiramar 37, Vigo 36202, Spain.; Nogueira, A (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Campus Mar, Vigo 36310, Spain. EM adriana.nogueira@vi.ieo.es OI Nogueira, Adriana/0000-0002-5777-1362 FU Spanish Government; EU FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the staff involved in the annual Spanish and EU bottom trawls surveys "Platuxa" and "Flemish Cap" since 1995 and 1988, respectively. Specially, we thank L. Ramilo, M. Casas, and M. Mandado for their help in obtaining the data. A special acknowledgement to X. Paz for his useful advices. NAFO groundfish surveys are co-funded by the Spanish Government and the EU within the National Programme of collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 345 EP 358 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv172 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AN UT WOS:000371141600017 ER PT J AU Ferriss, BE Reum, JCP McDonald, PS Farrell, DM Harvey, CJ AF Ferriss, Bridget E. Reum, Jonathan C. P. McDonald, P. Sean Farrell, Dara M. Harvey, Chris J. TI Evaluating trophic and non-trophic effects of shellfish aquaculture in a coastal estuarine foodweb SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; foodweb; model; non-trophic; shellfish ID MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODELS; ECOLOGICAL CARRYING-CAPACITY; PANOPEA-GENEROSA GOULD; SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND; INFAUNAL COMMUNITIES; GEODUCK CLAM; TIDAL FLATS; HABITAT USE; WEB MODELS; BAY AB Expansion of the shellfish aquaculture industry has the potential to affect the structure and dynamics of coastal estuarine foodwebs. To better understand foodweb trade-offs, we incorporated both trophic and non-trophic interactions (e.g. habitat facilitation and predator refuge) into a foodweb model of central Puget Sound to predict the effects of an increase in geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture. At a basin scale, the foodweb can support at least 120% increased geoduck aquaculture, above current production levels (landings of 10 546 kg in 2012), with only minor changes in individual species' biomass and/or metrics of ecosystem resilience. The non-trophic effects of increased geoduck aquaculture, related to the influence of anti-predator structure, had a stronger influence on the foodweb than the trophic role of cultured geoducks as filter-feeders and prey to other species. Increased geoduck culture caused substantial increases in biomass densities of surfperch, nearshore demersal fish, and small crabs, and decreases in seabirds, flatfish, and certain invertebrates (e.g. predatory gastropods and small crustaceans). This study identifies species that should be a priority for additional empirical research and monitoring related to bivalve aquaculture interactions, including demersal fish, small crustaceans, and seabirds. It also provides insights into the benefits and challenges of incorporating habitat-related data into a foodweb model. Understanding these relationships can inform management decisions by clarifying trade-offs in ecosystem functions and services in Puget Sound and facilitates estimation of direct and cumulative effects of bivalve aquaculture at a foodweb scale. C1 [Ferriss, Bridget E.; Reum, Jonathan C. P.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McDonald, P. Sean] Univ Washington, Program Environm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Farrell, Dara M.] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ferriss, Bridget E.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Ferriss, BE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.; Ferriss, BE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM ferriss@uw.edu FU Washington State contract; Washington State FX Financial support was provided to BEF through a Washington State contract to Washington Sea Grant. Thanks to Joth Davis, Jim Gibbons, Tom Good, Kristin Marshall, Brian Phipps, Jameal Samhouri, and Phil Levin for helping inform the model, analysis, and improving the manuscript. We also thank participants in an August 2014 workshop on shellfish aquaculture in Washington State, which was facilitated by Washington Sea Grant and supported by funds made available by Washington State. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv173 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AN UT WOS:000371141600024 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Bacheler, NM Coggins, LG Fieberg, J AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Bacheler, Nathan M. Coggins, Lewis G., Jr. Fieberg, John TI Relating trap capture to abundance: a hierarchical state-space model applied to black sea bass (Centropristis striata) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; Bayesian analysis; black sea bass; fish traps ID SOAK TIME; SATURATION; ESCAPEMENT; ENTRY; CATCH; VIDEO; CRAB; FISHERIES; BEHAVIOR; RATES AB Traps are among the most common gears used to capture fish and crustaceans. When traps are deployed in surveys, the data gathered are often used to develop an index of abundance. However, trap catches are known to saturate over time for various reasons, such as space limitation of the gear or intraspecific interactions, and these features can dissociate the catch from local abundance. In this study, we develop a hierarchical state-space model of trap dynamics that is fit to data in a Bayesian framework. The model links trap catch to estimated local abundance, and additionally provides direct estimates of capture probability. For demonstration, we apply the model to data on black sea bass (Centropristis striata), which were collected using chevron traps combined with video cameras to give continuous-time observations of trap entries and exits. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that trap catch is generally proportional to local abundance. The model has potential application to surveys where animals not only enter a trap, but also may exit, such that the apparent trap saturation occurs because the system approaches equilibrium. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Bacheler, Nathan M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yukon Delta Natl Wildlife Refuge, Bethel, AK USA. [Fieberg, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kyle.shertzer@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 73 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsv197 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF2AN UT WOS:000371141600031 ER PT J AU Zhang, GS Li, XF Perrie, W Zhang, BA Wang, L AF Zhang, Guosheng Li, Xiaofeng Perrie, William Zhang, Biao Wang, Lei TI Rain effects on the hurricane observations over the ocean by C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE SAR; hurricane; rain; backscatter ID FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SEA-SURFACE; POLARIZATION SAR; WAVES; MODEL; BACKSCATTERING; SCATTERING; FEATURES AB A composite radar scattering model composed of the atmosphere radiative transfer model, and the ocean surface Bragg wave theory is developed to analyze the impact of hurricane rain on the normalized radar-backscatter cross section (NRCS) measured in the VV and cross-polarized C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) channels. The model results are validated against SAR and SFMR measured wind speeds and rain rates for two hurricane cases. The contribution of rain to the NRCS is backscatter from two parts: the atmosphere column and the ocean surface. In the atmosphere, microwave attenuation and the rain-induced volume backscattering are simulated by the model. We find that the impact of raindrops in the atmosphere is almost negligible for the VV polarization, but important for the cross polarization. On the ocean surface, comparisons between our model and other existing models without rain lead to the conclusion that the VV polarization NRCS can be simulated reasonably well without considering the non-Bragg scattering mechanisms. Similar to the wave breaking mechanism, the microwave diffraction on the craters, crowns, and stalks, produced by rain drops, is also negligible for VV polarization. However, the non-Bragg scattering is important for the cross-polarized NRCS simulations. Finally, we performed simulations to understand the VV-polarized NRCS behavior under different wind speeds at various rain rates. C1 [Zhang, Guosheng] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Int Ctr Marine Studies, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guosheng; Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Biao] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Biao] Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Marine Environm Dete, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Lei] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Science Foundation of China; Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program grant [2013AA09A505]; National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction grant [GASI-IPOVAI-04] FX The authors thank the European Space Agency's (ESA) for providing Envisat W-polarization SAR hurricane imagery, and NOAA HRD for supplying SFMR data, which can be downloaded at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/project2005/sfmr.html. This research work was supported by National Science Foundation of China, the Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program grant 2013AA09A505, and National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction grant GASI-IPOVAI-04. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped us improve this paper. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1002/2015JC011044 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200002 ER PT J AU Saba, VS Griffies, SM Anderson, WG Winton, M Alexander, MA Delworth, TL Hare, JA Harrison, MJ Rosati, A Vecchi, GA Zhang, R AF Saba, Vincent S. Griffies, Stephen M. Anderson, Whit G. Winton, Michael Alexander, Michael A. Delworth, Thomas L. Hare, Jonathan A. Harrison, Matthew J. Rosati, Anthony Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zhang, Rong TI Enhanced warming of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean under climate change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Northwest Atlantic Ocean; Climate Change; Gulf Stream; U; S; Northeast Continental Shelf; High-Resolution Global Climate Model; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; PART I; MODELS; GULF; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM; PATH AB The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fifth assessment of projected global and regional ocean temperature change is based on global climate models that have coarse (approximate to 100 km) ocean and atmosphere resolutions. In the Northwest Atlantic, the ensemble of global climate models has a warm bias in sea surface temperature due to a misrepresentation of the Gulf Stream position; thus, existing climate change projections are based on unrealistic regional ocean circulation. Here we compare simulations and an atmospheric CO2 doubling response from four global climate models of varying ocean and atmosphere resolution. We find that the highest resolution climate model (approximate to 10 km ocean, approximate to 50 km atmosphere) resolves Northwest Atlantic circulation and water mass distribution most accurately. The CO2 doubling response from this model shows that upper-ocean (0-300 m) temperature in the Northwest Atlantic Shelf warms at a rate nearly twice as fast as the coarser models and nearly three times faster than the global average. This enhanced warming is accompanied by an increase in salinity due to a change in water mass distribution that is related to a retreat of the Labrador Current and a northerly shift of the Gulf Stream. Both observations and the climate model demonstrate a robust relationship between a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and an increase in the proportion of Warm-Temperate Slope Water entering the Northwest Atlantic Shelf. Therefore, prior climate change projections for the Northwest Atlantic may be far too conservative. These results point to the need to improve simulations of basin and regional-scale ocean circulation. C1 [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab,NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Anderson, Whit G.; Winton, Michael; Delworth, Thomas L.; Harrison, Matthew J.; Rosati, Anthony; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zhang, Rong] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Saba, VS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab,NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Vincent.Saba@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 10 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.1002/2015JC011346 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200007 ER PT J AU Li, H Sriver, RL Goes, M AF Li, Hui Sriver, Ryan L. Goes, Marlos TI Modeled sensitivity of the Northwestern Pacific upper-ocean response to tropical cyclones in a fully coupled climate model with varying ocean grid resolution SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; Earth system modeling; ocean heat convergence; air-sea interactions; modeled mesoscale eddies ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HEAT-TRANSPORT; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; SIMULATION; SEA; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; FLUXES; 1/10-DEGREES; VARIABILITY AB Tropical cyclones (TCs) actively contribute to Earth's climate, but TC-climate interactions are largely unexplored in fully coupled models. Here we analyze the upper-ocean response to TCs using a high-resolution Earth system model, in which a 0.5 degrees atmosphere is coupled to an ocean with two different horizontal resolutions: 1 degrees and 0.1 degrees. Both versions of the model produce realistic TC climatologies for the Northwestern Pacific region, as well as the transient surface ocean response. We examined the potential sensitivity of the coupled modeled responses to ocean grid resolution by analyzing TC-induced sea surface cooling, latent heat exchange, and basin-scale ocean heat convergence. We find that sea surface cooling and basin-scale aggregated ocean heat convergence are relatively insensitive to the horizontal ocean grid resolutions considered here, but we find key differences in the poststorm restratification processes related to mesoscale ocean eddies. We estimate the annual basin-scale TC-induced latent heat fluxes are 1.700.16 x 10(21) J and 1.430.16 x 10(21) J for the high-resolution and low-resolution model configurations, respectively, which account for roughly 45% of the total TC-induced ocean heat loss from the upper ocean. Results suggest that coupled modeling approaches capable of capturing ocean-atmosphere feedbacks are important for developing a complete understanding of the relationship between TCs and climate. C1 [Li, Hui; Sriver, Ryan L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Goes, Marlos] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Goes, Marlos] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. EM huili7@illinois.edu RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079 FU NOAA/AOML; NOAA Climate Program Office; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program; NASA MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project; Cnes FX We thank Ben Kirtman for providing the model output for the analyses in this study. Marlos Goes was partly supported by NOAA/AOML and the NOAA Climate Program Office. We also thank Kerry Emanuel for providing global TC best track data: http://eaps4.mit.edu/faculty/Emanuel/products. The OI SST product is from the Remote Sensing System website (http://www.remss.com/) and is sponsored by National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), the NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program, and the NASA MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project. The ORAS4 ocean reanalysis data are provided by the Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center of the International Pacific Research Center, which can be found on their website at http://apdrc.soest.hawaii. edu/data/data.php. The WOA13 product is provided by NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center. The wind shear climatology is from NCEP Reanalysis, which is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso with support from Cnes. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 586 EP 601 DI 10.1002/2015JC011226 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DF5ZH UT WOS:000371432200034 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Marchbanks, RD Donaghay, PL Sullivan, JM Graham, WM Wells, RJD AF Churnside, James H. Marchbanks, Richard D. Donaghay, Percy L. Sullivan, James M. Graham, William M. Wells, R. J. David TI Hollow aggregations of moon jellyfish (Aurelia spp.) SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aurelia; moon jellyfish; oceanographic lidar; aerial surveys ID LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS; INTERNAL WAVES; BERING SEA; AURITA; OCEAN; PREDATION; SCYPHOZOA; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; LABIATA AB The relative importance of behavior and currents in forming and maintaining jellyfish aggregations is not completely understood; the objective of this work was to determine how the physical properties of the water column were related to the formation of hollow aggregations of moon jellyfish (Aurelia spp.). Hollow aggregations were observed near the surface by airborne lidar in shallow water (< 37 m) when the winds were light (< 4.3 m s(-1)). In this work, a hollow aggregation is defined as a region of few individuals surrounded by high densities in the two dimensions defined by depth and the direction of flight. Hydrographic profiles were available for most of the observations, and the bottom of the aggregation was correlated (R-2 = 0.42, P = 8 x 10(24)) with the depth of the shallow (< 13 m) surface mixed layer despite differences in position and time between the lidar observations and the hydrographic measurements. The size and shape of these aggregations suggests that they are not simply a result of advection by local currents, but of active behaviors. A likely mechanism is that the individuals are swimming in a vertical circle, and this behavior is predicted to enhance mixing at the top of the pycnocline. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] Univ Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Donaghay, Percy L.; Graham, William M.] Univ Southern Mississippi, 1020 Balch Blvd, Kiln, MS 39529 USA. [Sullivan, James M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, 5600 US 1, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Wells, R. J. David] Texas A&M Univ, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd,OCSB Bldg,262, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001410IP20035, N000140811217]; Natural Resource Damage Assessment program; Deepwater Horizon event FX The East Sound work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under grants N0001410IP20035 and N000140811217. Our pilot was Jay Palmer. The Gulf of Mexico work was partially supported by the Natural Resource Damage Assessment program associated with the Deepwater Horizon event. Our pilots were Paolo Ramella and Steve Hederstedt. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 38 IS 1 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbv092 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DF3FR UT WOS:000371229900011 ER PT J AU Dai, Q Han, DW Zhuo, L Zhang, J Islam, T Srivastava, PK AF Dai, Qiang Han, Dawei Zhuo, Lu Zhang, Jun Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. TI Seasonal ensemble generator for radar rainfall using copula and autoregressive model SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Copula; Season; Synoptic regimes; Radar rainfall uncertainty ID REAL-TIME CORRECTION; MEAN-FIELD BIAS; PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; MOUNTAINOUS REGION; BRIGHT-BAND; WIND-DRIFT; REFLECTIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; WSR-88D AB Uncertainty analysis of radar rainfall enables stakeholders and users have a clear knowledge of the possible uncertainty associated with the rainfall products. Long-term empirical modeling of the relationship between radar and gauge measurements is an efficient and practical method to describe the radar rainfall uncertainty. However, complicated variation of synoptic conditions makes the radar-rainfall uncertainty model based on historical data hard to extend in the future state. A promising solution is to integrate synoptic regimes with the empirical model and explore the impact of individual synoptic regimes on radar rainfall uncertainty. This study is an attempt to introduce season, one of the most important synoptic factor, into the radar rainfall uncertainty model and proposes a seasonal ensemble generator for radar rainfall using copula and autoregressive model. We firstly analyze the histograms of rainfall-weighted temperature, the radar-gauge relationships, and Box and Whisker plots in different seasons and conclude that the radar rainfall uncertainty has strong seasonal dependence. Then a seasonal ensemble generator is designed and implemented in a UK catchment under a temperate maritime climate, which can fully model marginal distribution, spatial dependence, temporal dependence and seasonal dependence of radar rainfall uncertainty. To test its performance, 12 typical rainfall events (4 for each season) are chosen to generate ensemble rainfall values. In each time step, 500 ensemble members are produced and the values of 5th to 95th percentiles are used to derive the uncertainty bands. Except several outliers, the uncertainty bands encompass the observed gauge rainfall quite well. The parameters of the ensemble generator vary considerably for each season, indicating the seasonal ensemble generator reflects the impact of seasons on radar rainfall uncertainty. This study is an attempt to simultaneously consider four key features of radar rainfall uncertainty and future study will investigate their impacts on the outputs of hydrological models with radar rainfall as input or initial conditions. C1 [Dai, Qiang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Dai, Qiang; Han, Dawei; Zhuo, Lu; Zhang, Jun] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, WEMRC, Bristol, Avon, England. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing, Peoples R China. EM q.dai@bristol.ac.uk OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 FU University of Bristol; China Scholarship Council FX The first author would like to thank the University of Bristol and China Scholarship Council for providing the necessary support and funding for his PhD research. The authors acknowledge the British Atmospheric Data Centre for providing the data. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 30 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s00477-014-1017-x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA DF4KP UT WOS:000371317300003 ER PT J AU Fang, SX Tans, PP Steinbacher, M Zhou, LX Luan, T Li, Z AF Fang, Shuangxi Tans, Pieter P. Steinbacher, Martin Zhou, Lingxi Luan, Tian Li, Zou TI Observation of atmospheric CO2 and CO at Shangri-La station: results from the only regional station located at southwestern China SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; variations; observation; back trajectory ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; WMO/GAW STATIONS; TRACE GASES; DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS; WALIGUAN; AIR; CH4 AB Mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been continuously measured since September 2010 at the Shangri-La station (28.02 degrees N, 99.73 degrees E, 3580 masl) in China using a cavity ring-down spectrometer. The station is located in the remote southwest of China, and it is the only station in that region with background conditions for greenhouse gas observations. The vegetation canopy around the station is dominated by coniferous forests and mountain meadows and there is no large city (population >1 million) within a 360 km radius. Characteristics of the mole fractions, growth rates, influence of long-distance transport as well as the Weighted Potential CO Sources Contribution Function (WPSCF) were studied considering data from September 2010 to May 2014. The diurnal CO2 variation in summer indicates a strong influence of regional terrestrial ecosystem with the maximum CO2 value at 7: 00 (local time) and the minimum in late afternoon. The highest peak-to-bottom amplitude in the diurnal cycles is in summer, with a value of 18.2 +/- 2.0 ppm. The annual growth rate of regional CO2 is estimated to be 2.5 +/- 1.0 ppm yr(-1) (1-sigma), which is close to that of the Mt. Waliguan World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) global station (2.2 +/- 0.8 ppm yr(-1)), that is also located at the Tibetan plateau but 900 km north. The CO mole fractions observed at Shangri-La are representative for both in large spatial scale (probably continental/subcontinental) and regional scale. The annual CO growth rate is estimated to be - 2.6 +/- 0.2 ppb yr(-1) (1-sigma). But the CO rate of decrease in continental/subcontinental scale is apparently larger than the regional scale. From the back trajectory study, it could be seen that the atmospheric CO mole fractions at Shangri-La are subjected to transport from the Northern Africa and Southwestern Asia sectors except for summer and part of autumn. The WPSCF analysis indicates that the western and southwestern areas of the Shangri-La station (India, Myanmar and Bangladesh) may be the most important CO sources. C1 [Fang, Shuangxi] China Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Observat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Steinbacher, Martin] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Zhou, Lingxi; Luan, Tian] China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Zou] China Meteorol Adm, Shangri La Reg Background Stn, Changsha, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Fang, SX (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Observat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM fangsx@cma.gov.cn RI Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009 OI Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41375130, 41405129, 41303052]; QA/SAC Switzerland - MeteoSwiss; Empa FX We express our thanks to the staff at Shangri-La station, who have contributed to the system installation and maintenance. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41375130, 41405129, 41303052). Martin Steinbacher acknowledges funding from QA/SAC Switzerland which is financially supported by MeteoSwiss and Empa. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2016 VL 68 AR 28506 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v68.28506 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DF3WO UT WOS:000371279000001 ER PT S AU Schneider, BI Guan, XX Bartschat, K AF Schneider, Barry I. Guan, Xiaoxu Bartschat, Klaus BE Sabin, JR CabreraTrujillo, R TI Time Propagation of Partial Differential Equations Using the Short Iterative Lanczos Method and Finite-Element Discrete Variable Representation SO CONCEPTS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS IN CHEMISTRY: A TRIBUTE TO FRANK E. HARRIS, PT B SE Advances in Quantum Chemistry LA English DT Review CT Workshop on Concepts of Mathematical Physics in Chemistry in Honor of Frank E. Harris CY DEC 10-13, 2014 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO AB The short iterative Lanczos method has been combined with the finite-element discrete variable representation to yield a powerful approach to solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. It has been applied to the interaction of short, intense laser radiation (attosecond pulses) to describe the single and double ionization of atoms and molecules, but the approach is not limited to this particular application. This chapter describes the algorithms in some detail and how they have been successfully ported to the Intel Phi coprocessors. While further experimentation is needed, the current results provide reasonable evidence that by suitably modifying the code to combine MPI, OpenMP, and compiler offload directives, one can achieve significant improvement in performance from these coprocessors for problems such as the above. C1 [Schneider, Barry I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guan, Xiaoxu] Louisiana State Univ, High Performance Comp, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bartschat, Klaus] Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. RP Schneider, BI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.schneider@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-13ER16403]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1068140, PHY-1403245] FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (B.I.S.), the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award No. DE-FG02-13ER16403 (X.G.), and the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. PHY-1068140 and PHY-1403245 (X.G. and K.B.). The authors thank the National Science Foundation and the XSEDE program for significant computational support under XSEDE allocation No. TG-PHY-090031. X.G. also thanks the HPC support from the LSU HPC facilities and LONI. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 978-0-12-803984-7 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM JI Adv. Quantum Chem. PY 2016 VL 72 BP 95 EP 127 DI 10.1016/bs.aiq.2015.12.002 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Mathematical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BE3IN UT WOS:000370778200006 ER PT S AU Castellote, M Llorens, C AF Castellote, Manuel Llorens, Carlos BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Review of the Effects of Offshore Seismic Surveys in Cetaceans: Are Mass Strandings a Possibility? SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Anthropogenic noise; Air gun; Marine mammal; Displacement ID WHALES; EXPLORATION; NOISE AB Displacement of cetaceans is commonly reported during offshore seismic surveys. Speculation concerning possible links between seismic survey noise and cetacean strandings is available for a dozen events but without convincing causal evidence. This lack of evidence should not be considered conclusive but rather as reflecting the absence of a comprehensive analysis of the circumstances. Current mitigation guidelines are inadequate for long-range effects such as displacements and the potential for strandings. This review presents the available information for ten documented strandings that were possibly linked to seismic surveys and recommends initial measures and actions to further evaluate this potential link. C1 [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Llorens, Carlos] Spanish Navy, Hydrog Offi, Oceanog Sect, Cadiz 11007, Spain. [Llorens, Carlos] Cazaminas SELLA, Arsenal Cartagena S-N, Cartagena 30290, Spain. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov; carlos.llorensarmengol@mail.uca.es NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_16 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900017 PM 26610953 ER PT S AU Dekeling, R Tasker, M Ainslie, M Andersson, M Andre, M Borsani, F Brensing, K Castellote, M Dalen, J Folegot, T van der Graaf, S Leaper, R Liebschner, A Pajala, J Robinson, S Sigray, P Sutton, G Thomsen, F Werner, S Wittekind, D Young, JV AF Dekeling, Rene Tasker, Mark Ainslie, Michael Andersson, Mathias Andre, Michel Borsani, Fabrizio Brensing, Karsten Castellote, Manuel Dalen, John Folegot, Thomas van der Graaf, Sandra Leaper, Russell Liebschner, Alexander Pajala, Jukka Robinson, Stephen Sigray, Peter Sutton, Gerry Thomsen, Frank Werner, Stefanie Wittekind, Dietrich Young, John V. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI The European Marine Strategy: Noise Monitoring in European Marine Waters from 2014 SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Marine Strategy Framework; Good environmental status; Environmental descriptors; Indicators; Monitoring AB The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires European member states to develop strategies for their marine waters leading to programs of measures that achieve or maintain good environmental status (GES) in all European seas by 2020. An essential step toward reaching GES is the establishment of monitoring programs, enabling the state of marine waters to be assessed on a regular basis. A register for impulsive noise-generating activities would enable assessment of their cumulative impacts on wide temporal and spatial scales; monitoring of ambient noise would provide essential insight into current levels and any trend in European waters. C1 [Dekeling, Rene] Minist Infrastruct & Environm, Directorate Gen Spatial Affairs & Water Managemen, Plesmanweg 1-6, NL-2597 JG The Hague, Netherlands. [Dekeling, Rene] Def Mat Org, Maritime Syst, NL-2509 LV The Hague, Netherlands. [Tasker, Mark] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Marine Advice, Aberdeen AB11 9QA, Scotland. [Ainslie, Michael] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Acoust & Sonar Grp, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. [Andersson, Mathias; Sigray, Peter] Swedish Def Res Agcy, Def & Secur Syst & Technol Underwater Technol, SE-16490 Stockholm, Sweden. [Andre, Michel] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Aplicac Bioacust, Barcelona 08800, Spain. [Borsani, Fabrizio] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Brensing, Karsten] Whale & Dolphin Conservat, D-81371 Munich, Germany. [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dalen, John] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Folegot, Thomas] Quiet Oceans, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [van der Graaf, Sandra] Minist Infrastruct & Environm, Water Transport & Environm Rijkswaterstaat, NL-8224 AD Lelystad, Netherlands. [Leaper, Russell] Int Fund Anim Welf, London SE1 7UD, England. [Liebschner, Alexander] Fed Agcy Nat Conservat, Marine & Coastal Nat Conservat Unit, D-18581 Putbus Rugen, Germany. [Pajala, Jukka] Finnish Environm Inst, Ctr Marine Res, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland. [Robinson, Stephen] Natl Phys Lab, Acoust Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Sutton, Gerry] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Beaufort Res Coastal & Marine Res Ctr CMRC, Environm Res Inst, Cobh, County Cork, Ireland. [Thomsen, Frank] DHI, Environm & Ecosyst, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. [Werner, Stefanie] Fed Environm Agcy, Dept Protect Marine Environm, D-06844 Dessau Rosslau, Germany. [Wittekind, Dietrich] DW ShipConsult GmbH, D-24223 Schwentinental, Germany. [Young, John V.] Int Assoc Oil & Gas Prod, London SE1 8NL, England. RP Dekeling, R (reprint author), Minist Infrastruct & Environm, Directorate Gen Spatial Affairs & Water Managemen, Plesmanweg 1-6, NL-2597 JG The Hague, Netherlands.; Dekeling, R (reprint author), Def Mat Org, Maritime Syst, NL-2509 LV The Hague, Netherlands. EM mark.tasker@jncc.gov.uk; michael.ainslie@tno.nl; mathias.andersson@foi.se; michel.andre@upc.edu; fabrizio.borsani@cefas.co.uk; karsten.brensing@whales.org; manuel.castellote@noaa.gov; john.dalen@imr.no; thomas.folegot@quiet-oceans.com; sandra.van.der.graaf@rws.nl; r.c.leaper@abdn.ac.uk; alexander.liebschner@bfn-vilm.de; jukka.pajala@ymparisto.fi; stephen.robinson@npl.co.uk; peters@foi.se; gerry.sutton@ucc.ie; frth@dhigroup.com; stefanie.werner@uba.de; wittekind@dw-sc.de; young.john.v@gmail.com FU Arcadis; Coastal & Marine Union (EUCC) [ENV.D.2/FRA/2012/0025] FX The Technical Subgroup (TSG) Noise was installed by the European Commission and DG Environment, with coordination on behalf of DG Environment by Leo de Vrees. TSG Noise was supported by Maria Ferreira and Marije Siemensma, Arcadis and Coastal & Marine Union (EUCC), under Framework Contract ENV.D.2/FRA/2012/0025. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_24 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900025 PM 26610961 ER PT S AU Fisher-Pool, PI Lammers, MO Gove, J Wong, KB AF Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I. Lammers, Marc O. Gove, Jamison Wong, Kevin B. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Does Primary Productivity Turn Up the Volume? Exploring the Relationship Between Chlorophyll a and the Soundscape of Coral Reefs in the Pacific SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Soundscape; Passive acoustics; Reef ecology; Chlorophyll a; Wave action; Ambient noise; Pacific; Remote islands AB Chlorophyll is the basis for ecosystem productivity in most marine environments. We report on an ongoing effort to examine whether ambient sounds are tied to chlorophyll levels. We hypothesized that an increase in food-web available energy will be distributed across trophic levels, eventually reaching sound--producing animals and increasing acoustic levels. To test our hypothesis, we compared reef environments to explore links between soundscapes and chlorophyll a concentrations. The study sites resided in disparate oceanographic regimes that experienced substantially different oceanographic conditions. We anticipated that the results would show differing patterns of primary productivity between sites and therefore would be reflected in the soundscapes. C1 [Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I.] 59-741 Amaumau Pl, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA. [Fisher-Pool, Pollyanna I.; Lammers, Marc O.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Gove, Jamison] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wong, Kevin B.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries & Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fisher-Pool, PI (reprint author), 59-741 Amaumau Pl, Haleiwa, HI 96712 USA.; Fisher-Pool, PI (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM pfisher@hawaii.edu; lammers@hawaii.edu; jamison.gove@noaa.gov; kevin.wong@noaa.gov FU Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Partnership Program; NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX We are grateful to Dr. Rusty Brainard, Dr. Lisa Munger, Alexis Rudd, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Ecosystems Division Oceanography and Information Services teams for their support and assistance. This work was partially supported by the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Partnership Program and NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_34 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900035 PM 26610971 ER PT S AU Fleishman, E Streever, B Angliss, R Clark, CW Ellison, WT Frankel, A Gedamke, J Leu, M McKenna, M Racca, R Simmons, S Suydam, R AF Fleishman, Erica Streever, Bill Angliss, Robyn Clark, Christopher W. Ellison, William T. Frankel, Adam Gedamke, Jason Leu, Matthias McKenna, Megan Racca, Roberto Simmons, Samantha Suydam, Robert BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Current Status of Development of Methods to Assess Effects of Cumulative or Aggregated Underwater Sounds on Marine Mammals SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Aggregate effects; Behavior; National Environmental Policy Act; Population dynamics; Stressor ID HUMAN FOOTPRINT; MODEL AB There are no standards for assessment of the cumulative effects of underwater sound. Quantitative assessments typically consider a single source, whereas qualitative assessments may include multiple sources but rarely identify response variables. As a step toward understanding the cumulative effects of underwater sound, we assessed the aggregated sounds of multiple sources received by migrating bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). The quantitative method models the sound field from multiple sources and simulates movement of a population through it. The qualitative method uses experts to assess the responses of individuals and populations to sound sources and identify the potential mechanisms. These methods increase the transparency of assessments. C1 [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, The Barn, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Streever, Bill] BP Exploration Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK 99519 USA. [Angliss, Robyn] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Ellison, William T.] Marine Acoust Inc, Marshfield, MA 02050 USA. [Frankel, Adam] Marine Acoust Inc, Shady Side, MD 20764 USA. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Leu, Matthias] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [McKenna, Megan] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Sounds & Night Skies Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Racca, Roberto] JASCO Appl Sci, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Simmons, Samantha] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Suydam, Robert] North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, The Barn, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM efleishman@ucdavis.edu; streevbj@bp.com; robyn.angliss@noaa.gov; cwc2@cornell.edu; wemai@aol.com; adam.frankel@marineacoustics.com; jason.gedamke@noaa.gov; mleu@wm.edu; megan.mckenna@gmail.com; roberto.racca@jasco.com; ssimmons@mmc.gov; robert.suydam@north-slope.org FU BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc.; University of California, Santa Barbara; North Slope Borough, Alaska FX This work was supported by a contract between BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc. and University of California, Santa Barbara (to Erica Fleishman) and by the North Slope Borough, Alaska. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_36 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900037 PM 26610973 ER PT S AU Gedamke, J Ferguson, M Harrison, J Hatch, L Henderson, L Porter, MB Southall, BL Van Parijs, S AF Gedamke, Jason Ferguson, Megan Harrison, Jolie Hatch, Leila Henderson, Laurel Porter, Michael B. Southall, Brandon L. Van Parijs, Sofie BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Predicting Anthropogenic Noise Contributions to US Waters SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE CetSound; SoundMap; Noise; Anthropogenic; Soundscape; Background ID ISLAND AB To increase understanding of the potential effects of chronic underwater noise in US waters, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) organized two working groups in 2011, collectively called "CetSound," to develop tools to map the density and distribution of cetaceans (CetMap) and predict the contribution of human activities to underwater noise (SoundMap). The SoundMap effort utilized data on density, distribution, acoustic signatures of dominant noise sources, and environmental descriptors to map estimated temporal, spatial, and spectral contributions to background noise. These predicted soundscapes are an initial step toward assessing chronic anthropogenic noise impacts on the ocean's varied acoustic habitats and the animals utilizing them. C1 [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ferguson, Megan] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Harrison, Jolie] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hatch, Leila] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Henderson, Laurel; Porter, Michael B.] Heat Light & Sound Res Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates Inc, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Gedamke, J (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jason.gedamke@noaa.gov; megan.ferguson@noaa.gov; jolie.harrison@noaa.gov; leila.hatch@noaa.gov; laurel@hlsresearch.com; mikeporter@hlsresearch.com; brandon.southall@sea-inc.net; sofie.vanparijs@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US Navy; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to Heat, Light and Sound Research, Inc.; Dokumentes des Meeres FX We are grateful for the financial support for this effort that was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Navy, and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to Heat, Light and Sound Research, Inc., and for additional funding provided by Dokumentes des Meeres to C. Kappel. In addition, we are grateful to the Cumulative Effects Working Group (convened by University of California, Santa Barbara) and JASCO Applied Sciences for providing access to modeling results from the Beaufort Sea. Finally, we thank all working group participants (Leila Hatch and Brandon Southall, cochairs, Rex Andrew, Ronald Brinkman, Christopher Clark, Christian de Moustier, Kurt Fristrup, Shane Guan, Jason Gedamke, Laurel Henderson, Brian Hooker, Carrie Kappel, David Moretti, Michael Porter, Roberto Racca, and Amy Scholik-Schlomer) for the time and enthusiasm they have provided for this effort. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_40 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900041 PM 26610977 ER PT S AU Handegard, NO Boswell, K De Robertis, A Macaulay, GJ Rieucau, G Sivle, LD AF Handegard, Nils Olav Boswell, Kevin De Robertis, Alex Macaulay, Gavin John Rieucau, Guillaume Sivle, Lise Dokster BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Investigating the Effect of Tones and Frequency Sweeps on the Collective Behavior of Penned Herring (Clupea harengus) SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Collective response; Playback; Herring; Group size ID STARTLE RESPONSE; SOUND; FISH; KHZ; DYNAMICS AB We experimentally played back tones and sweeps to captive herring (Clupea harengus) in a net pen and measured the collective response of a large and a small group of fish using a camera, echo sounder, and multibeam sonar. The playbacks ranged in frequency from 160 to 500 Hz and 131 to 147 dB re 1 mu Pa in received sound pressure level. Herring behavior was scored by a team that blindly evaluated the observations. Overall, the responses were modest. Stronger reactions were observed at higher source levels, lower frequencies, and smaller school sizes, but there was no effect on signal rise time. C1 [Handegard, Nils Olav; Macaulay, Gavin John; Rieucau, Guillaume; Sivle, Lise Dokster] Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Boswell, Kevin] Florida Int Univ, Marine Sci Bldg 355,Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [De Robertis, Alex] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Handegard, NO (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM nilsolav@imr.no; kevin.boswell@fiu.edu; alex.derobertis@noaa.gov; gavinj@imr.no; guillaumer@imr.no; doksaeter.sivle@imr.no RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016; Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012; OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541; Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042; Macaulay, Gavin/0000-0003-2518-6537 FU Norwegian Research Council [204229/F20] FX This work was funded by Norwegian Research Council Grant 204229/F20. We thank Tim Cato Netland for providing the equipment to digitize and record the hydrophone signals. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_46 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900047 PM 26610983 ER PT S AU Harrison, J Ferguson, M Gedamke, J Hatch, L Southall, B Van Parijs, S AF Harrison, Jolie Ferguson, Megan Gedamke, Jason Hatch, Leila Southall, Brandon Van Parijs, Sofie BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cetacean and Sound Mapping Effort: Continuing Forward with an Integrated Ocean Noise Strategy SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE CetSound; CetMap; SoundMap; National oceanic and atmospheric administration; Ocean noise strategy AB To help manage chronic and cumulative impacts of human activities on marine mammals, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened two working groups, the Underwater Sound Field Mapping Working Group (SoundMap) and the Cetacean Density and Distribution Mapping Working Group (CetMap), with overarching effort of both groups referred to as CetSound, which (1) mapped the predicted contribution of human sound sources to ocean noise and (2) provided region/time/species-specific cetacean density and distribution maps. Mapping products were presented at a symposium where future priorities were identified, including institutionalization/integration of the CetSound effort within NOAA-wide goals and programs, creation of forums and mechanisms for external input and funding, and expanded outreach/education. NOAA is subsequently developing an ocean noise strategy to articulate noise conservation goals and further identify science and management actions needed to support them. C1 [Harrison, Jolie; Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Off Protected Resources, NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ferguson, Megan] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hatch, Leila] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Southall, Brandon] Southall Environm Associates, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Harrison, J (reprint author), NOAA, Off Protected Resources, NMFS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jolie.Harrison@noaa.gov; Megan.Ferguson@noaa.gov; Jason.Gedamke@noaa.gov; Leila.Hatch@noaa.gov; Brandon.Southall@sea-inc.net; Sofie.VanParijs@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_48 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900049 PM 26610985 ER PT S AU Houser, DS Champagne, CD Crocker, DE Kellar, NM Cockrem, J Romano, T Booth, RK Wasser, SK AF Houser, Dorian S. Champagne, Cory D. Crocker, Daniel E. Kellar, Nicholas M. Cockrem, John Romano, Tracy Booth, Rebecca K. Wasser, Samuel K. BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Natural Variation in Stress Hormones, Comparisons Across Matrices, and Impacts Resulting from Induced Stress in the Bottlenose Dolphin SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Cortisol; Aldosterone; Thyroid hormones; Catecholamines AB Knowledge regarding stress hormones and how they vary in response to seasonality, gender, age, and reproductive status for any marine mammal is limited. Furthermore, stress hormones may be measured in more than one matrix (e.g., feces, blood, blubber), but the relationships between levels of a given hormone across these matrices are unknown, further complicating the interpretations of hormones measured in samples collected from wild animals. A study is underway to address these issues in a population of bottlenose dolphins trained for voluntary participation in sample collections from different matrices and across season and time of day. C1 [Houser, Dorian S.; Champagne, Cory D.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, Dept Conservat & Biol Res, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Kellar, Nicholas M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. [Cockrem, John] Massey Univ, Dept Zool, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Romano, Tracy] Myst Aquarium, Res & Zool Operat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Booth, Rebecca K.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, Dept Conservat & Biol Res, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dorian.houser@nmmf.org; cory.champagne@nmmf.org; crocker@sonoma.edu; nick.kellar@noaa.gov; j.f.cockrem@massey.ac.nz; tromano@searesearch.org; rkn5@u.washington.edu; wassers@u.washington.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX Special thanks are extended to the trainers of the US Navy Marine Mammal Program who have participated and continue to participate in this study. This study was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_56 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900057 PM 26610993 ER PT S AU Mooney, TA Castellote, M Quakenbush, L Hobbs, R Goertz, C Gaglione, E AF Mooney, T. Aran Castellote, Manuel Quakenbush, Lori Hobbs, Roderick Goertz, Caroline Gaglione, Eric BE Popper, AN Hawkins, A TI Measuring Hearing in Wild Beluga Whales SO EFFECTS OF NOISE ON AQUATIC LIFE II SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life CY AUG, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Fisheries Joint Management Comm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sci Fdn, NAVFAC, Off Naval Res, Off Naval Res Global, Acoust Soc Amer, Aquat Noise Trust, Discovery Sound Sea, Co Biologists, Univ Maryland, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing DE Anthropogenic noise; Sensory; Marine mammal; Cetacean; Odontocete; Arctic ID DOLPHIN LAGENORHYNCHUS-ALBIROSTRIS; AUDITORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS; MARINE MAMMALS; CETACEANS AB We measured the hearing abilities of seven wild beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) during a collection-and-release experiment in Bristol Bay, AK. Here we summarize the methods and initial data from one animal and discuss the implications of this experiment. Audiograms were collected from 4 to 150 kHz. The animal with the lowest threshold heard best at 80 kHz and demonstrated overall good hearing from 22 to 110 kHz. The robustness of the methodology and data suggest that the auditory evoked potential audiograms can be incorporated into future collection-and-release health assessments. Such methods may provide high-quality results for multiple animals, facilitating population-level audiograms and hearing measures in new species. C1 [Mooney, T. Aran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MRF MS50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Castellote, Manuel; Hobbs, Roderick] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Quakenbush, Lori] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Goertz, Caroline] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Gaglione, Eric] Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Mooney, TA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MRF MS50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM amooney@whoi.edu; manuel.castellote@noaa.gov; lori.quakenbush@alaska.gov; rod.hobbs@noaa.gov; egaglione@georgiaaquarium.org FU Georgia Aquarium; National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMML/AFSC); Office of Naval Research [N000141210203] FX Project funding and field support was provided by the Georgia Aquarium and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMML/AFSC). Field work was also supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office (NMFS AKR), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Arctic Research Initiative, WHOI Ocean Life Institute, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bristol Bay Native Association, Alaska SeaLife Center, the Shedd Aquarium, and the Mystic Aquarium. Audiogram analyses were funded by Office of Naval Research Award No. N000141210203 (from Michael Weise). We also acknowledge the substantial assistance of R. Andrews, G. Biedenbach, B. Long, S. Norman, M. Keogh, A. Moors, L. Thompson, T. Binder, L. Naples, L. Cornick, K. Royer, K. Burek-Huntington, R. Hiratsuka, A. Roehl, B. Tinker, and D. Togiak. All work was conducted under NMFS Permit No. 14245 and in accordance with approval from the NMML/AFSC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Protocol No. AFSC-NWFSC2012-1 and WHOI IACUC Protocol No. BI166330. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2981-8; 978-1-4939-2980-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2016 VL 875 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_88 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BE2TA UT WOS:000370000900089 PM 26611025 ER PT S AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, Joseph C. BE Woicik, JC TI Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) Preface SO HARD X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (HAXPES) SE Springer Series in Surface Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-5195 BN 978-3-319-24043-5; 978-3-319-24041-1 J9 SPRINGER SER SURF SC PY 2016 VL 59 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5 PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BE2AJ UT WOS:000368855500001 ER PT S AU Powell, CJ Tanuma, S AF Powell, C. J. Tanuma, S. BE Woicik, JC TI Inelastic Mean Free Paths, Mean Escape Depths, Information Depths, and Effective Attenuation Lengths for Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy SO HARD X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (HAXPES) SE Springer Series in Surface Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SIMPLE UNIVERSAL CURVE; 50-2000 EV RANGE; ELEMENTAL SOLIDS; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; ENERGY; SPECTRA; XPS; INTENSITIES; SIMULATION AB An overview is given of recent work on the determination of inelastic mean free paths, mean escape depths, information depths, and effective attenuation lengths for applications in hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Sources of data are provided for these parameters and useful predictive equations are given. Information is given on databases available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for HAXPES applications. C1 [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanuma, S.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-5195 BN 978-3-319-24043-5; 978-3-319-24041-1 J9 SPRINGER SER SURF SC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 111 EP 140 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5 PG 30 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BE2AJ UT WOS:000368855500006 ER PT S AU Weiland, C Rumaiz, AK Woicik, JC AF Weiland, Conan Rumaiz, Abdul K. Woicik, Joseph C. BE Woicik, JC TI HAXPES Measurements of Heterojunction Band Alignment SO HARD X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (HAXPES) SE Springer Series in Surface Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAY PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROJUNCTION; INTERNAL PHOTOEMISSION; ATOMIC LAYER; GATE STACKS; DISCONTINUITY; INTERFACE; GERMANIUM; SYSTEM; ABRUPT AB Heterojunctions, the abrupt change of materials at interfaces, are an integral feature of modern electronic devices. The alignment of electronic energy levels at a heterojunction can be used to tailor charge transfer across the interface, for example to improve carrier injection or to block leakage current. An overview of the understanding of heterojunction energy-level alignment with specific examples of the unique contributions that hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) provides to the understanding of this topic is presented in this chapter. Many theoretical approaches have been applied to heterojunction band alignment, and have had some success in predicting band-alignment values in some but not all cases. Band-alignment measurements have been made using electronic measurements such as internal photoemission, as well as photoelectron spectroscopy either measuring valence bands directly or through the use of core levels. Examples of measurements made by these techniques is presented. HAXPES measurements provide a greater analysis depth, which provides the advantage of measuring "real" heterojunctions fabricated by industrially-relevant techniques. HAXPES has been used to query the fundamental limitations on interlayer thickness for band-offset engineering, and the use of new materials for photovoltaic applications. These and other applications are presented. C1 [Weiland, Conan; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rumaiz, Abdul K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cweiland@bnl.gov; rumaiz@bnl.gov; joseph.woicik@nist.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-5195 BN 978-3-319-24043-5; 978-3-319-24041-1 J9 SPRINGER SER SURF SC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 381 EP 405 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5 PG 25 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BE2AJ UT WOS:000368855500016 ER PT S AU Lysaght, PS Woicik, JC AF Lysaght, Patrick S. Woicik, Joseph C. BE Woicik, JC TI HAXPES Studies of Advanced Semiconductors SO HARD X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (HAXPES) SE Springer Series in Surface Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-LAYER DEPOSITION; ALTERNATIVE GATE DIELECTRICS; EFFECTIVE ELECTRON-MOBILITY; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; GESI STRAINED LAYERS; SILICATE THIN-FILMS; THERMAL-STABILITY; BAND OFFSETS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE AB During the past decade, the semiconductor industry has experienced an unprecedented paradigm shift toward focused materials screening in order to keep pace with the rapid rate of device scaling dictated by Moore's Law. In addition, new device architectures have evolved that place greater demands on physical characterization techniques to interrogate subtle materials intermixing at buried interfaces. In this chapter, we demonstrate the general utility of HAXPES to probe sample materials representative of advanced semiconductor devices, thereby elucidating specific bonding configurations that limit electrical performance. HAXPES provides several distinct advantages for the analysis of advanced semiconductor devices; notably, the ability to probe structures of technologically relevant thicknesses and to tune the photoelectron depth sensitivity to measure changes with depth. Studies presented here include the influence of anneal temperature on transistor high-k gate dielectric layers deposited on both Si and high mobility SiGe and InGaAs substrates, substrate passivation processes, novel low resistivity metal contact formation, and the oxygen redistribution phenomenon associated with advanced memory structures. As materials and devices continue to evolve, it is clear that HAXPES will play a significant role in the successful integration of advanced devices into high volume manufacturing. C1 [Lysaght, Patrick S.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lysaght, PS (reprint author), SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM pat.lysaght@sematech.org; joseph.woicik@nist.gov NR 113 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-5195 BN 978-3-319-24043-5; 978-3-319-24041-1 J9 SPRINGER SER SURF SC PY 2016 VL 59 BP 407 EP 446 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_16 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5 PG 40 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BE2AJ UT WOS:000368855500017 ER PT S AU Bhatti, KP Srivastava, V Phelan, DP El-Khatib, S James, RD Leighton, C AF Bhatti, Kanwal Preet Srivastava, Vijay Phelan, Daniel P. El-Khatib, Sami James, Richard D. Leighton, Chris BE Felser, C Hirohata, A TI Magnetic Phase Competition in Off-Stoichiometric Martensitic Heusler Alloys: The Ni50-xCoxMn25+ySn25-y System SO HEUSLER ALLOYS: PROPERTIES, GROWTH, APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; HYSTERESIS; TRANSFORMATION; CONVERSION; MECHANISM AB Recently, motivated both by basic scientific interest and technological applications, and utilizing both experiment and theory, a number of investigators have independently identified a small group of off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys as having unusually interesting magnetic properties. These alloys take the form Ni(50-x)Co(x)Mn(25+y)Z(25-y) (Z = Sn, In, Ga, etc.), being Co-doped off-stoichiometric versions of the better-known Ni(2)MnZ full Heusler compounds. In certain critical composition ranges these alloys are found to display unusually reversible martensitic phase transformations, multiferroicity (due to coexisting ferroelasticity and magnetic order), heightened sensitivity to compositional changes, and acute magnetic phase competition, leading to such exotic phenomena as spontaneous nanoscale magnetic inhomogeneity, collective cluster freezing, and intrinsic exchange bias. In terms of applications they can exhibitmagnetic-field-induced phase transformations, magnetic shape memory behavior, magnetocaloric effects, and remarkably low thermal hysteresis, making them attractive for sensors and actuators, magnetic refrigeration, and energy conversion devices. In this chapter we briefly review the current state of knowledge on the magnetic properties of these alloys, before presenting new results on the prototypical Ni50-xCoxMn40Sn10 system in the critical composition range0 <= x <= 14. Combining comprehensive magnetometry, exchange bias studies, and both new and previously published neutron scattering data, we present a detailed picture of the magnetic phenomenology in this alloy system and construct a magnetic phase diagram. Most importantly, based on these results and the work of others, we discuss in detail potential origins of the unusual magnetic properties of these materials, most notably the magnetic phase competition and nanoscale inhomogeneity that dominate their low temperature magnetism. C1 [Bhatti, Kanwal Preet; Phelan, Daniel P.; Leighton, Chris] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Srivastava, Vijay; James, Richard D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [El-Khatib, Sami] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Phys, POB 26666, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [El-Khatib, Sami] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-319-21449-8; 978-3-319-21448-1 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2016 VL 222 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21449-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-21449-8 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BE1WS UT WOS:000368640000009 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Liou, K Vourlidas, A Plunkett, S Dryer, M Wu, ST Mewaldt, RA AF Wu, Chin-Chun Liou, Kan Vourlidas, Angelos Plunkett, Simon Dryer, Murray Wu, S. T. Mewaldt, Richard A. TI Global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the 15 March 2013 coronal mass ejection eventInterpretation of the 30-80MeV proton flux SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; geomagnetic storm; interplanetary shock; MHD simulation; solar energetic particles; magnetic cloud ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOLAR-WIND; PEAK INTENSITIES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; IMP-8 OBSERVATIONS; RADIAL DEPENDENCE; SUN; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE AB The coronal mass ejection (CME) event on 15 March 2013 is one of the few solar events in Cycle 24 that produced a large solar energetic particle (SEP) event and severe geomagnetic activity. Observations of SEP from the ACE spacecraft show a complex time-intensity SEP profile that is not easily understood with current empirical SEP models. In this study, we employ a global three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to help interpret the observations. The simulation is based on the H3DMHD code and incorporates extrapolations of photospheric magnetic field as the inner boundary condition at a solar radial distance (r) of 2.5 solar radii. A Gaussian-shaped velocity pulse is imposed at the inner boundary as a proxy for the complex physical conditions that initiated the CME. It is found that the time-intensity profile of the high-energy (>10MeV) SEPs can be explained by the evolution of the CME-driven shock and its interaction with the heliospheric current sheet and the nonuniform solar wind. We also demonstrate in more detail that the simulated fast-mode shock Mach number at the magnetically connected shock location is well correlated (r(cc)0.7) with the concurrent 30-80MeV proton flux. A better correlation occurs when the 30-80MeV proton flux is scaled by r(-1.4)(r(cc)=0.87). When scaled by r(-2.8), the correlation for 10-30MeV proton flux improves significantly from r(cc)=0.12 to r(cc)=0.73, with 1h delay. The present study suggests that (1) sector boundary can act as an obstacle to the propagation of SEPs; (2) the background solar wind is an important factor in the variation of IP shock strength and thus plays an important role in manipulation of SEP flux; (3) at least 50% of the variance in SEP flux can be explained by the fast-mode shock Mach number. This study demonstrates that global MHD simulation, despite the limitation implied by its physics-based ideal fluid continuum assumption, can be a viable tool for SEP data analysis. C1 [Wu, Chin-Chun; Plunkett, Simon] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liou, Kan; Vourlidas, Angelos] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Mewaldt, Richard A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chin-chun.wu@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU Chief Naval Research; NASA; NSF [AGS1153323]; NASA [NNX13A66G, NNX11A075G] FX The simulation results (similar to 7 GB of data) of this study can be obtained through making a request to the lead author. All data used in this study are obtained from public domain. We thank the Wind and ACE PI teams and National Space Science Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration for their management and providing solar wind plasma and magnetic field data; STEREO and LASCO PI teams for providing coronal images; and Kyoto University for providing geomagnetic activity index (Dst). We thank Olga Malandraki for her constructive suggestions. We also thank Y.M. Wang (NRL) who provided derived solar magnetic fields at 2.5 RSUN. This study is supported partially by Chief Naval Research (CCW, SP), NASA (AV), and NSF base program (KL), AGS1153323 (STW). The Caltech effort was supported by NASA grants NNX13A66G and NNX11A075G. The Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry solar wind model version 2 (HAFv2) was provided to NRL/SSD by a software license from Exploration Physics International, Inc. (EXPI). NR 65 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 56 EP 76 DI 10.1002/2015JA021051 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900005 ER PT J AU Negrea, C Zabotin, N Bullett, T Codrescu, M Fuller-Rowell, T AF Negrea, Catalin Zabotin, Nikolay Bullett, Terence Codrescu, Mihail Fuller-Rowell, Tim TI Ionospheric response to tidal waves measured by dynasonde techniques SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermospheric tides; dynasonde; remote sensing; Lomb-Scargle ID UNEVENLY SPACED DATA; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; LATITUDE E-REGION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NONMIGRATING TIDES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; HOUGH COMPONENTS; DATA-ACQUISITION; DIURNAL TIDES; IN-SITU AB Atmospheric tides are known to have a dramatic influence on thermospheric and ionospheric structure and variability. Considerable effort goes into understanding characteristics of tidal modes, their interactions with planetary and gravity waves and other tidal modes, as well as their influence on the background state of the thermosphere-ionosphere system. For the altitude interval between roughly 120 and 400km, this effort is somewhat hindered by the lack of global observations. We propose a new method of determining tidal variability by making use of dynasonde measurements. The NeXtYZ inversion procedure produces altitude profiles of the ionospheric parameters with a vertical resolution typically better than 1km. This, together with the typical 2min cadence of the instrument, results in extensive data sets with wide temporal and altitude coverage. At any given altitude we have nonuniform sampling due to the natural ionospheric variability. A Lomb-Scargle implementation is used to obtain equivalent results at all altitudes and locations. We report height profiles of the first three tidal harmonics derived from dynasonde measurements. The data analyzed include the vertical electron density profiles, the ionospheric X (east-west) tilt measurement, and the derived zonal plasma density gradient. Both the tilt and the gradient are shown to be sensitive tracers of atmospheric waves. We use data from Wallops Island and San Juan, for two time intervals: 6 May-6 June and 9 October-8 November 2013, thus capturing seasonal, latitudinal, and altitude variations of tidal amplitude and phase. This proves the potential of using dynasonde-capable instruments as a data source for tidal studies in the thermosphere. C1 [Negrea, Catalin; Zabotin, Nikolay; Bullett, Terence; Fuller-Rowell, Tim] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin; Zabotin, Nikolay] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Negrea, Catalin; Codrescu, Mihail; Fuller-Rowell, Tim] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Negrea, Catalin] Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. [Bullett, Terence] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Negrea, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.; Negrea, C (reprint author), Inst Space Sci, Magurele, Romania. EM Catalin.Negrea@noaa.gov RI Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015; Negrea, Catalin/A-4321-2017 OI Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX11A061G]; Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program [N000141310348] FX This work was supported by grant NNX11A061G from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and by the Office of Naval Research Basic Research Challenge program, award N000141310348. The dynasonde data were obtained freely from the National Centers for Environmental Information (ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/data/WI937/ for Wallops Island and ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/ionosonde/data/SJJ18/ for San Juan). The authors would like to thank R.A. Akmaev for helpful discussions. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 1 BP 602 EP 611 DI 10.1002/2015JA021574 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DF2CJ UT WOS:000371146900044 ER PT J AU Fayette, M Bertocci, U Stafford, GR AF Fayette, M. Bertocci, U. Stafford, G. R. TI In Situ Stress Measurements during Cobalt Electrodeposition on (111)-Textured Au SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SUPERABUNDANT VACANCY FORMATION; SURFACE-STRESS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; GOLD ELECTRODE; PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIZATION; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE STRESSES AB Cantilever curvature was used to examine stress generation during the electrodeposition of Co onto (111)-textured Au from 0.1 mol/L NaClO4 + 0.001 mol/L Co(ClO4)(2) (pH = 4.8) in films measuring less than 25 nm in thickness and at Co current efficiencies ranging from 65% to 90%. XRD analysis indicates that the Co is face-centered cubic and maintains the (111) texture of the Au substrate, suggesting epitaxial but not pseudomorphic growth on the Au. The stress-thickness product showed a -0.2 N/m compression in the first monolayer followed by increasing tensile stress as the film thickened. The initial compressive stress is most likely due to surface and interface stresses that dominate at submonolayer coverage. Steady state tensile stress, ranging from 0 to + 450 MPa, developed in continuous Co films and showed a strong dependence on electrode potential. However, over this potential range there is no change in grain size or growth rate, factors typically associated with tensile stress. We attribute the tensile stress and its potential dependence to the formation of hydrogen stabilized vacancies, defects found to be quite stable in fcc Fe-group metals and alloys deposited under conditions of H+ discharge. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Fayette, M.] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fayette, M.; Bertocci, U.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fayette, M (reprint author), Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.; Fayette, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mfayett1@binghamton.edu NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 5 BP D146 EP D153 DI 10.1149/2.0511605jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA DE8DT UT WOS:000370866700059 ER PT J AU Perrot, V Masbou, J Pastukhov, MV Epov, VN Point, D Berail, S Becker, PR Sonke, JE Amouroux, D AF Perrot, Vincent Masbou, Jeremy Pastukhov, Mikhail V. Epov, Vladimir N. Point, David Berail, Sylvain Becker, Paul R. Sonke, Jeroen E. Amouroux, David TI Natural Hg isotopic composition of different Hg compounds in mammal tissues as a proxy for in vivo breakdown of toxic methylmercury SO METALLOMICS LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC FOOD-WEB; SEA-ICE COVER; LAKE BAIKAL; INORGANIC MERCURY; MARINE MAMMALS; RINGED SEALS; MULTICOLLECTOR-ICPMS; ABIOTIC METHYLATION; ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; DILUTION ANALYSIS AB In the last decade, specific attention has been paid to total mercury (HgT) stable isotopic composition, especially in natural samples such as aquatic organisms, due to its potential to track the cycle of this toxic element in the environment. Here, we investigated Hg Compound Specific stable Isotopic Composition (CSIC) of natural inorganic Hg (iHg) and methylmercury (MMHg) in various tissues of aquatic mammals (Beluga whale from the Arctic marine environment and seals from the freshwater lake Baikal, Russia). In seals' organs the variation in mass dependent fractionation (MDF, delta Hg-202) for total Hg was significantly correlated to the respective fraction of iHg and MMHg compounds, with MMHg being enriched by B3% in heavier isotopes relative to iHg. On the other hand, we observe insignificant variation in Hg mass independent isotope fractionation (MIF, Delta Hg-199) among iHg and MMHg in all organs for the same mammal species and MMHg in prey items. MIF signatures suggest that both MMHg and iHg in aquatic mammals have the same origin (i.e., MMHg from food), and are representative of Hg photochemistry in the water column of the mammal ecosystem. MDF signatures of Hg compounds indicate that MMHg is demethylated in vivo before being stored in the muscle, and the iHg formed is stored in the liver, and to a lesser extent in the kidney, before excretion. Thus, Hg CSIC analysis in mammals can be a powerful tool for tracing the metabolic response to Hg exposure. C1 [Perrot, Vincent; Epov, Vladimir N.; Berail, Sylvain; Amouroux, David] UPPA, Inst Sci Analyt & Physicochim Environm & Mat, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, IPREM,UMR 5254,CNRS, Helioparc,2 Ave President Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France. [Masbou, Jeremy; Point, David; Sonke, Jeroen E.] Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Geosci Environm Toulouse, CNRS,IRD, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Pastukhov, Mikhail V.] RAS, Lab Geochem Mapping & Monitoring, Inst Geochem, SB, 1A Favorskogo St,PB 304, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. [Becker, Paul R.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Perrot, Vincent] Florida State Univ, Geochem Dept, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Perrot, V; Amouroux, D (reprint author), UPPA, Inst Sci Analyt & Physicochim Environm & Mat, Lab Chim Analyt Bioinorgan & Environm, IPREM,UMR 5254,CNRS, Helioparc,2 Ave President Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France.; Perrot, V (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Geochem Dept, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM david.amouroux@univ-pau.fr OI Point, David/0000-0002-5218-7781 FU French CNRS/INSU [EC2CO]; French Agence Nationale de Recherche [ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01]; European Research Council [ERC-2010-StG_20091028]; Aquitaine Region FX This work is supported by research grants EC2CO Cytrix (Merlaba project) from the French CNRS/INSU, ANR-09-JCJC-0035-01 from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche and ERC-2010-StG_20091028 from the European Research Council. This work has also been supported by the Aquitaine Region for the MC-ICPMS and GC-ICPMS facilities at LCABIE-IPREM (Pau, France). We acknowledge the Institute of Geochemistry (SB RAS, Russia) and NBSB at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which provided seal and begula whale samples, respectively. VP and JM are grateful to the "Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche'' for their Doctoral Fellowships (Ecole Doctorale ED211/UPPA and ED SDU2E/UPS, respectively). This manuscript acknowledges and pays tribute to our colleague V. N. Epov (CNRS, LCABIE-IPREM, Pau, France) who initiated the MerLaBa project and passed away in 2012. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1756-5901 EI 1756-591X J9 METALLOMICS JI Metallomics PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1039/c5mt00286a PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA DE9PV UT WOS:000370971200004 PM 26680232 ER PT S AU Debnath, R Hangarter, CM Josell, D AF Debnath, R. Hangarter, C. M. Josell, D. BE Paranthaman, MP WongNg, W Bhattacharya, RN TI 3D Geometries: Enabling Optimization Toward the Inherent Limits of Thin-Film Photovoltaics SO SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NANOWIRE SOLAR-CELLS; CARRIER TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT; SILICON NANOWIRE; DIAMETER NANOPILLARS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BACK-CONTACTS; LOW-COST C1 [Debnath, R.; Hangarter, C. M.; Josell, D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016 OI Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903 NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-319-20331-7; 978-3-319-20330-0 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2016 VL 218 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE1KJ UT WOS:000368070500002 ER PT S AU Paranthaman, MP Wong-Ng, W Bhattacharya, RN AF Paranthaman, M. Parans Wong-Ng, Winnie Bhattacharya, Raghu N. BE Paranthaman, MP WongNg, W Bhattacharya, RN TI Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells Preface SO SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Paranthaman, M. Parans] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhattacharya, Raghu N.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-319-20331-7; 978-3-319-20330-0 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2016 VL 218 BP V EP VIII D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE1KJ UT WOS:000368070500001 ER PT S AU DeLongchamp, DM AF DeLongchamp, Dean M. BE Paranthaman, MP WongNg, W Bhattacharya, RN TI Organic Photovoltaics SO SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; DONOR-ACCEPTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; NANOSCALE PHASE-SEPARATION; EXCITON BINDING-ENERGY; BULK HETEROJUNCTIONS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE SEPARATION; CONDUCTING POLYMER C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov NR 145 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-319-20331-7; 978-3-319-20330-0 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2016 VL 218 BP 169 EP 196 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE1KJ UT WOS:000368070500007 ER PT S AU Hamadani, BH Dougherty, B AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Dougherty, Brian BE Paranthaman, MP WongNg, W Bhattacharya, RN TI Solar Cell Characterization SO SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRAL RESPONSE; CALIBRATION; SYSTEM C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Dougherty, Brian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-319-20331-7; 978-3-319-20330-0 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2016 VL 218 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE1KJ UT WOS:000368070500009 ER PT J AU Jonsson, P Radziute, L Gaigalas, G Godefroid, MR Marques, JP Brage, T Fischer, CF Grant, IP AF Jonsson, P. Radziute, L. Gaigalas, G. Godefroid, M. R. Marques, J. P. Brage, T. Fischer, C. Froese Grant, I. P. TI Accurate multiconfiguration calculations of energy levels, lifetimes, and transition rates for the silicon isoelectronic sequence Ti IX - Ge XIX, Sr XXV, Zr XXVII, Mo XXIX SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes ID PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; EUV LINE IDENTIFICATIONS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE PACKAGE; DENSITY-SENSITIVE LINES; BEAM-FOIL SPECTRA; FE-XIII; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; INTERCOMBINATION TRANSITION; IONS; NI-14+ AB Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) calculations and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) calculations are performed for states of the 3s(2)3p(2), 3s(3)p(3) and 3s(2)3p3d configurations in the Si-like ions Ti IX - Ge XIX, Sr XXV, Zr XXVII and Mo XXIX. Valence and core-valence electron correlation effects are accounted for through large configuration state function expansions. Calculated energy levels are compared with data from other calculations and with experimental data from the reference databases. Lifetime and transition rates along with uncertainty estimations are given for all ions. Energies from the calculations are in excellent agreement with observations and computed wavelength are almost of spectroscopic accuracy, aiding line identification in spectra. C1 [Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, Malmo, Sweden. [Radziute, L.; Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, A Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Godefroid, M. R.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Marques, J. P.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, BioISI Biosyst & Integrat Sci Inst, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Brage, T.] Lund Univ, Div Math Phys, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grant, I. P.] Univ Oxford, Math Inst, Oxford OX2 6GG, England. [Grant, I. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. RP Jonsson, P (reprint author), Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, Malmo, Sweden. EM per.jonsson@mah.se RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013; Marques, Jose/A-4152-2014 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637; Marques, Jose/0000-0002-3797-3880 FU BriX IAP Research Program (Belgium) [P7/12] FX The authors are thankful for the high performance computing resources provided by the Information Technology Open Access Center of Vilnius University. This work has been partly supported (MG) by the BriX IAP Research Program P7/12 (Belgium). The authors thank Dr. Jorgen Ekman and Prof. Elmar Trabert for valuable comments. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 585 AR A26 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201527106 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DD1VI UT WOS:000369710300033 ER PT J AU Swinbank, R Kyouda, M Buchanan, P Froude, L Hamill, TM Hewson, TD Keller, JH Matsueda, M Methven, J Pappenberger, F Scheuerer, M Titley, HA Wilson, L Yamaguchi, M AF Swinbank, Richard Kyouda, Masayuki Buchanan, Piers Froude, Lizzie Hamill, Thomas M. Hewson, Tim D. Keller, Julia H. Matsueda, Mio Methven, John Pappenberger, Florian Scheuerer, Michael Titley, Helen A. Wilson, Laurence Yamaguchi, Munehiko TI THE TIGGE PROJECT AND ITS ACHIEVEMENTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEMS; HEMISPHERE EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ECMWF ENSEMBLE; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; GLOBAL ENSEMBLE; GRAND ENSEMBLE; FORECASTS; PREDICTABILITY AB The International Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) was a major component of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) research program, whose aim is to accelerate improvements in forecasting high-impact weather. By providing ensemble prediction data from leading operational forecast centers, TIGGE has enhanced collaboration between the research and operational meteorological communities and enabled research studies on a wide range of topics.The paper covers the objective evaluation of the TIGGE data. For a range of forecast parameters, it is shown to be beneficial to combine ensembles from several data providers in a multimodel grand ensemble. Alternative methods to correct systematic errors, including the use of reforecast data, are also discussed.TIGGE data have been used for a range of research studies on predictability and dynamical processes. Tropical cyclones are the most destructive weather systems in the world and are a focus of multimodel ensemble research. Their extratropical transition also has a major impact on the skill of midlatitude forecasts. We also review how TIGGE has added to our understanding of the dynamics of extratropical cyclones and storm tracks.Although TIGGE is a research project, it has proved invaluable for the development of products for future operational forecasting. Examples include the forecasting of tropical cyclone tracks, heavy rainfall, strong winds, and flood prediction through coupling hydrological models to ensembles.Finally, the paper considers the legacy of TIGGE. We discuss the priorities and key issues in predictability and ensemble forecasting, including the new opportunities of convective-scale ensembles, links with ensemble data assimilation methods, and extension of the range of useful forecast skill. C1 [Swinbank, Richard; Buchanan, Piers; Titley, Helen A.] Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Kyouda, Masayuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Froude, Lizzie; Methven, John] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Hamill, Thomas M.; Scheuerer, Michael] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hewson, Tim D.; Pappenberger, Florian] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Keller, Julia H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. [Matsueda, Mio] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Matsueda, Mio] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Pappenberger, Florian] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Pappenberger, Florian] Hohai Univ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wilson, Laurence] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Yamaguchi, Munehiko] Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Swinbank, R (reprint author), Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM richard.swinbank@metoffice.gov.uk RI Scheuerer, Michael/D-5472-2015; Pappenberger, Florian/A-2839-2009 OI Scheuerer, Michael/0000-0003-4540-9478; Pappenberger, Florian/0000-0003-1766-2898 FU TIGGE; National Climatic Data Center; European Commission via the GEOWOW project [282915] FX We are indebted to Steve Worley, Doug Schuster, Baudouin Raoult, Manuel Fuentes, and their colleagues for setting up and managing the TIGGE archives at ECMWF, NCAR, and CMA. The TIGGE project would not have been possible without support from the TIGGE partnership: the three archive centers, the 10 data providers, the National Climatic Data Center, and the members of the THORPEX GIFS-TIGGE working group. We are grateful for funding from the European Commission via the GEOWOW project (Grant Agreement 282915), which supported enhancements to the ECMWF TIGGE archive, and some of the development and evaluation of severe weather forecast products. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00191.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6WU UT WOS:000370066100004 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Liu, HL AF Wang, Xidong Liu, Hailong TI PDO modulation of ENSO effect on tropical cyclone rapid intensification in the western North Pacific SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE El Nino/Southern Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Tropical cyclone; Rapid intensification ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; LARGE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; EL-NINO MODOKI; DIFFERENT IMPACTS; TYPHOON TRACKS; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; EVENTS; SEA AB This study investigates how the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) modulates the effect of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropical cyclone rapid intensification (RI) in the western North Pacific. The analysis shows that the interannual relationship between ENSO and annual RI number in warm PDO phases is strong and statistically significant. In cold PDO phases, however, there is no significant correlation between ENSO and RI on the interannual timescale. The enhancement of the interannual ENSO-RI relationship in warm PDO phases is mainly attributable to the change of the environmental vertical wind shear. The PDO in warm (cold) phases can strengthen (weaken) an El Nino event to increase (reduce) the effects of the warm pool of water over the equatorial Pacific in typhoon season by local diabatic heating. El Nino events are accompanied by the stronger Walker circulation in the equatorial Pacific in the warm PDO phase than in the cold PDO phase. In contrast, the Walker circulation pattern and amplitude associated with La Nina events is less affected by the alternate PDO phase. This tends to make the atmospheric response to ENSO stronger (weaker) in warm (cold) PDO phase, and so is the atmospheric teleconnection of ENSO. Our results indicate that the stratification of ENSO-based statistical RI forecast by the PDO can greatly improve the accuracy of statistical RI predictions. C1 [Wang, Xidong] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, SOA, 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hailong] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Liu, Hailong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, SOA, 93 Liuwei Rd, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM xidong_wang@yahoo.com FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376015, 41376013, 41306006, 41206178, 41176003]; National High-Tech R&D Program of China [2013AA09A505]; Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction of China [GASI-01-01-12]; University of Miami's Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies [NA10OAR4320143]; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This study was jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430304), National Natural Science Foundation (41376015, 41376013, 41306006, 41206178, and 41176003) of China, and National High-Tech R&D Program (2013AA09A505) of China, and Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-01-01-12) of China. H. Liu's work was supported by the University of Miami's Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (Cooperative Agreement #NA10OAR4320143) and NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The 6-h tropical cyclone best-track data is obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/). SODA data is downloaded from web site at http://dsrs.atmos.umd.edu/DATA/soda_2.2.4/. The twentieth century Reanalysis V2 data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2563-8 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100002 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, L Krishnamurthy, V AF Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi Krishnamurthy, V. TI Decadal and interannual variability of the Indian Ocean SST SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MONSOON-ENSO RELATIONSHIP; SUMMER MONSOON; COLORED NOISE; DIPOLE MODE; OSCILLATIONS; RAINFALL; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; REGIMES AB The variability of the Indian Ocean on interannual and decadal timescales is investigated in observations, coupled model simulation and model experiment. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode was specifically analyzed using a data-adaptive method. This study reveals one decadal mode and two interannual modes in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the IOD. The decadal mode in the IOD is associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) of the North Pacific SST. The two interannual modes are related to the biennial and canonical components of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), consistent with previous studies. This study hypothesizes that the relation between the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific on decadal scale may be through the northerly winds from the western North Pacific. The long simulation of Community Climate System Model version 4 also indicates the presence of IOD modes associated with the decadal PDO and canonical ENSO modes. However, the model fails to simulate the biennial ENSO mode in the Indian Ocean. The relation between the Indian Ocean and North Pacific Ocean is further supported by the regionally de-coupled model experiment. C1 [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi; Krishnamurthy, V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Krishnamurthy, V.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Lakshmi] Princeton Univ, UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Lakshmi.Krishnamurthy@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0830062, ATM-0830068]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN50G] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-0830062 and ATM-0830068), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA09OAR4310058), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX09AN50G). The authors thank Ben Kirtman for constructive suggestions and NCAR for providing the data of 20C3M simulation, computational time and technical help with model experiments. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments which improved the manuscript. This work formed a part of the Ph.D. thesis of Lakshmi Krishnamurthy at George Mason University. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2568-3 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100005 ER PT J AU Si, D Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Jha, B Peng, PT Wang, WQ Han, RQ AF Si, Dong Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar Peng, Peitao Wang, Wanqiu Han, Rongqing TI Is the interdecadal variation of the summer rainfall over eastern China associated with SST? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Interdecadal variation; Eastern China; Summer rainfall; SST; AGCM; Atmospheric internal dynamics ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE CIRCULATION; YANGTZE-RIVER VALLEY; 500 HPA HEIGHT; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; VERSION 2; PART I; PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC; SYSTEM AB The present study examined the major features of the interdecadal variation of the summer rainfall over eastern China (IVRC) and the possible association with sea surface temperature (SST). We noted that the first leading mode of IVRC (accounting for nearly half of the total variance and with maximum loading for the summer rainfall anomalies over South China) may be not forced by SST. On the other hand, the second and third leading modes [accounting for 17.1 and 13.6 % of the total variance and mainly associated with the summer rainfall anomalies over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) and North China, respectively] in some extent are forced by SST anomalies. These observational results are confirmed by atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced by observed SST. By eliminating the internal dynamical process driven rainfall though ensemble mean, the simulations further suggest an overall enhancement of the intensity of IVRC in the corresponding ensemble mean, especially in the YRV and North China regions, but not in South China. That implies the different role of SST in driving IVRC over different regions. C1 [Si, Dong; Han, Rongqing] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, 46 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Si, Dong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar; Peng, Peitao; Wang, Wanqiu] NCEP NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] INNOVIM LLC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Si, D (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, 46 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM sidong@cma.gov.cn RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430202, 2012CB955203]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41405071]; CMA Special Pubic Welfare Research Fund [GYHY201406001] FX Most of this work was finished during a visit to the Climate Prediction Center, NCEP/NOAA. This research is jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430202, 2012CB955203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41405071) and the CMA Special Pubic Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201406001). Thanks also go to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2574-5 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100011 ER PT J AU Alvarez, MS Vera, CS Kiladis, GN Liebmann, B AF Alvarez, Mariano S. Vera, C. S. Kiladis, G. N. Liebmann, B. TI Influence of the Madden Julian Oscillation on precipitation and surface air temperature in South America SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; South America; Precipitation; Surface air temperature; Impacts ID ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; MULTIVARIATE MJO INDEX; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; HEMISPHERE; CIRCULATION; MODULATION; SUMMER; MODES; SEASON AB The regional influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) on South America is described. Maps of probability of weekly-averaged rainfall exceeding the upper tercile were computed for all seasons and related statistically with the phase of the MJO as characterized by the Wheeler-Hendon real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index and with the OLR MJO Index. The accompanying surface air temperature and circulation anomalies were also calculated. The influence of the MJO on regional scales along with their marked seasonal variations was documented. During December-February when the South American monsoon system is active, chances of enhanced rainfall are observed in southeastern South America (SESA) region mainly during RMM phases 3 and 4, accompanied by cold anomalies in the extratropics, while enhanced rainfall in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) region is observed in phases 8 and 1. The SESA (SACZ) signal is characterized by upper-level convergence (divergence) over tropical South America and a cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomaly near the southern tip of the continent. Impacts during March-May are similar, but attenuated in the extratropics. Conversely, in June-November, reduced rainfall and cold anomalies are observed near the coast of the SACZ region during phases 4 and 5, favored by upper-level convergence over tropical South America and an anticyclonic anomaly over southern South America. In September-November, enhanced rainfall and upper-level divergence are observed in the SACZ region during phases 7 and 8. These signals are generated primarily through the propagation of Rossby wave energy generated in the region of anomalous heating associated with the MJO. C1 [Alvarez, Mariano S.; Vera, C. S.] UMI IFAECI CNRS, DCAO FCEN, CIMA CONICET UBA, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Kiladis, G. N.; Liebmann, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Liebmann, B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Alvarez, MS (reprint author), UMI IFAECI CNRS, DCAO FCEN, CIMA CONICET UBA, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM alvarez@cima.fcen.uba.ar FU UBACyT [20020100100434]; ANPCyT [PICT-2010-2110]; CONICET, Argentina FX This research was supported by UBACyT 20020100100434, ANPCyT PICT-2010-2110. M.S.A. is supported by a Ph.D. grant from CONICET, Argentina. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2581-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100018 ER PT J AU Donat, MG King, AD Overpeck, JT Alexander, LV Durre, I Karoly, DJ AF Donat, Markus G. King, Andrew D. Overpeck, Jonathan T. Alexander, Lisa V. Durre, Imke Karoly, David J. TI Extraordinary heat during the 1930s US Dust Bowl and associated large-scale conditions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extreme heat; Drought; Seasonal predictability; Climate variability; Teleconnections; 20th century reanalysis; GHCNDEX ID NORTH-AMERICAN; UNITED-STATES; LAST MILLENNIUM; CLIMATE MODELS; DROUGHT; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; 20TH-CENTURY; REANALYSIS AB Unusually hot summer conditions occurred during the 1930s over the central United States and undoubtedly contributed to the severity of the Dust Bowl drought. We investigate local and large-scale conditions in association with the extraordinary heat and drought events, making use of novel datasets of observed climate extremes and climate reanalysis covering the past century. We show that the unprecedented summer heat during the Dust Bowl years was likely exacerbated by land-surface feedbacks associated with springtime precipitation deficits. The reanalysis results indicate that these deficits were associated with the coincidence of anomalously warm North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific surface waters and a shift in atmospheric pressure patterns leading to reduced flow of moist air into the central US. Thus, the combination of springtime ocean temperatures and atmospheric flow anomalies, leading to reduced precipitation, also holds potential for enhanced predictability of summer heat events. The results suggest that hot drought, more severe than experienced during the most recent 2011 and 2012 heat waves, is to be expected when ocean temperature anomalies like those observed in the 1930s occur in a world that has seen significant mean warming. C1 [Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Alexander, Lisa V.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Alexander, Lisa V.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Durre, Imke] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [King, Andrew D.; Karoly, David J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Donat, MG (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Donat, MG (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM m.donat@unsw.edu.au RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011; OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457; King, Andrew/0000-0001-9006-5745 FU Australian Research Council [CE110001028, LP100200690, DE150100456]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS1243125]; Victorian Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Research Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office FX This study was supported by the Australian Research Council grants CE110001028, LP100200690 and DE150100456, the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant AGS1243125 (JTO), and a Victorian Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Research Fellowship (JTO). We are grateful to Gil Compo for providing daily data from all 20CR ensemble members to calculate the extremes indices. Support for the 20CR Project is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. We also express our thanks to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 19 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 413 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2590-5 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100027 ER PT J AU Liu, SY Wang, JLXL Liang, XZ Morris, V AF Liu, Shuyan Wang, Julian X. L. Liang, Xin-Zhong Morris, Vernon TI A hybrid approach to improving the skills of seasonal climate outlook at the regional scale SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Hybrid ensemble approach; Seasonal forecast; CFS; CWRF ID TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION; MODEL; ENSEMBLE; SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB A hybrid seasonal forecasting approach was generated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational Climate Forecast System (CFS) and its nesting Climate extension of Weather Research and Forecasting (CWRF) model to improve forecasting skill over the United States. Skills for the three summers of 20112013 were evaluated regarding location, timing, magnitude, and frequency. Higher spatial pattern correlation coefficients showed that the hybrid approach substantially improved summer mean precipitation and 2-m temperature geographical distributions compared with the results of the CFS and CWRF models. The area mean temporal correlation coefficients demonstrated that the hybrid approach also consistently improved the timing prediction skills for both variables. In general, the smaller root mean square errors indicated that the hybrid approach reduced the magnitude of the biases for both precipitation and temperature. The greatest improvements were achieved when the individual models had similar skills. The comparison with a North American multi-model ensemble further proved the feasibility of improving real-time seasonal forecast skill by using the hybrid approach, especially for heavy rain forecasting. Based on the complementary advantages of CFS the global model and CWRF the nesting regional model, the hybrid approach showed a substantial enhancement over CFS real-time forecasts during the summer. Future works are needed for further improving the quality of the hybrid approach through CWRF's optimized physics ensemble, which has been proven to be feasible and reliable. C1 [Liu, Shuyan; Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Shuyan; Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher Sci & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Morris, Vernon] Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Wang, JLXL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM liushuyanhe@gmail.com; Julian.wang@noaa.gov FU NOAA [0007342100004640603]; NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate Satellite [5276410] FX This research was supported by NOAA's Education Partnership Program COM Howard 0007342100004640603 and the NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate & Satellite 5276410. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies and the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s00382-015-2594-1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6NE UT WOS:000370040100031 ER PT J AU Himes-Cornell, A Kasperski, S AF Himes-Cornell, Amber Kasperski, Stephen TI Using Socioeconomic and Fisheries Involvement Indices to Understand Alaska Fishing Community Well-Being SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; community vulnerability; fishing community; fishing dependence; resilience; well-being ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOCIAL-INDICATORS; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; VULNERABILITY; SUSTAINABILITY; ADAPTATION; RESILIENCE; IMPACTS; GULF; MEXICO AB Over recent years, fisheries managers have been going through a paradigm shift to prioritize ecosystem-based management. With this comes an increasing need to better understand the impacts of fisheries management decisions on the social well-being and sustainability of fishing communities. This article summarizes research aimed at using secondary data to develop socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices to measure objective fishing community well-being in Alaska. Data from more than 300 communities in Alaska were used to create a database of socioeconomic and fisheries involvement indices of objective well-being and adaptability for Alaska communities dependent on marine resources. Each index was developed using a principal components factor analysis to assess the relative position of each community compared to all other communities in Alaska. We find that creating performance measures, such as the indices presented here, provides a useful way to track the status of socioeconomic conditions and fisheries involvement by communities over time. C1 [Himes-Cornell, Amber; Kasperski, Stephen] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Himes-Cornell, Amber] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France. RP Himes-Cornell, A (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, AMURE LABEX IUEM, CS 93837, 12 Rue Kergoat, F-29238 Brest 3, France. EM Amber.HimesCornell@univ.brest.fr OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2016 VL 44 IS 1 BP 36 EP 70 DI 10.1080/08920753.2016.1116671 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DE1MK UT WOS:000370390900003 ER PT J AU Ray, GC Hufford, GL Overland, JE Krupnik, I McCormick-Ray, J Frey, K Labunski, E AF Ray, G. Carleton Hufford, Gary L. Overland, James E. Krupnik, Igor McCormick-Ray, Jerry Frey, Karen Labunski, Elizabeth TI Decadal Bering Sea seascape change: consequences for Pacific walruses and indigenous hunters SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; climate change; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; Pacific walrus; sea ice; seascape; subsistence hunting ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE; ROSMARUS; WIND AB The most significant factors currently affecting the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) population are climate change and consequent changes in sea-ice morphology and dynamics. This paper integrates recent physical sea-ice change in the Bering Sea with biological and ecological conditions of walruses in their winter-spring reproductive habitat. Historically, walrus in winter-spring depended on a critical mass of sea-ice habitat to optimize social networking, reproductive fitness, feeding behavior, migration, and energetic efficiency. During 2003-2013, our cross-disciplinary, multiscale analysis from shipboard observations, satellite imagery, and ice-floe tracking, reinforced by information from indigenous subsistence hunters, documented change of sea-ice structure from a plastic continuum to a "mixing bowl" of ice floes moving more independently. This fragmentation of winter habitat preconditions the walrus population toward dispersal mortality and will also negatively affect the availability of resources for indigenous communities. We urge an expanded research and management agenda that integrates walrus natural history and habitat more completely with changing sea-ice morphology and dynamics at multiple scales, while also meeting the needs of local communities. C1 [Ray, G. Carleton; McCormick-Ray, Jerry] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hufford, Gary L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Frey, Karen] Clark Univ, Dept Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Labunski, Elizabeth] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ray, GC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM cr@virginia.edu FU North Pacific Research Board; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission: Assessing changing habitats of ice-dependent marine mammals of Beringia [P10-72213]; NOAA Arctic Project of the Climate Program Office; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia; PMEL [4239] FX The senior author is deeply indebted to Francis H. "Bud" Fay for his expertise, wisdom, and friendship during our long history of associations and discussions concerning Pacific walruses. Others also contributed significantly with respect to natural history and management, notably John J. Burns, formerly of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and R.V. Miller of NOAA/NMFS National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We particularly thank Captains Oliver (in 2006) and Lindstrom (in 2007, 2008) of the icebreaker USGC Healy, and the officers, crew, technical personnel, and our companion scientists for assistance. Steve Roberts of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, made on-board satellite imagery available. Chief Scientist J. M. Grebmeier, and L. W. Cooper (University of Maryland) made research aboard USCGC Healy in 2006 possible. In 2007, we were similarly supported on the Healy by Chief Scientist Raymond Sombrotto (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University). In all years, Kathy Kuletz of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage (supported all by the North Pacific Research Board) supported with surveys. In 2007 and 2008, Michael Cameron and colleagues of the NOAA National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, provided walrus observations. In 2008, Chadwick Jay and Anthony Fischbach, U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, provided the same. Brad Benter of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service very kindly shared Gambell walrus catch data in Table. Leonard Apangalook, Sr. (deceased), Paul Apangalook, Chester Noongwook, Aaron Iworrigan, Conrad Oozeva, George Noongwook, and other local experts from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, shared their knowledge on ice associations, behavior, and distributions of walruses and seals on numerous occasions during 2003-2013. We are grateful to the Eskimo Walrus Commission for a thorough discussion of our project at its meeting in Nome, Alaska (December 2003) and for support in presenting preliminary results of our work to indigenous walrus captains in the communities of Gambell and Savoonga, St. Lawrence Island (February 2004). Lyudmila Bogoslovskaya from the Russian Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage in Moscow, Russia, contributed reports from local hunters of Russian Beringian communities. Robert L Smith, Charlottesville, Virginia, formatted the illustrations. This paper was supported, in part, by contract number P10-72213 of the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission: Assessing changing habitats of ice-dependent marine mammals of Beringia. J. E. Overland was supported by the NOAA Arctic Project of the Climate Program Office; PMEL contribution Number 4239. We also wish to express our thanks for support of publication costs to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, and the Global Biodiversity Fund of the University of Virginia. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 24 EP 41 DI 10.1890/15-0430 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8ZY UT WOS:000369511000004 PM 27039507 ER PT J AU Gittman, RK Peterson, CH Currin, CA Fodrie, FJ Piehler, MF Bruno, JF AF Gittman, Rachel K. Peterson, Charles H. Currin, Carolyn A. Fodrie, F. Joel Piehler, Michael F. Bruno, John F. TI Living shorelines can enhance the nursery role of threatened estuarine habitats SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bulkhead; coast; ecosystem service; erosion; fish; nekton; salt marsh; seagrass; sea-level rise; shoreline stabilization; sill; subtidal breakwater ID OYSTER REEF RESTORATION; SALT-MARSHES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; COASTAL SQUEEZE; SEAGRASS BEDS; SHALLOW-WATER; FISH; ABUNDANCE AB Coastal ecosystems provide numerous services, such as nutrient cycling, climate change amelioration, and habitat provision for commercially valuable organisms. Ecosystem functions and processes are modified by human activities locally and globally, with degradation of coastal ecosystems by development and climate change occurring at unprecedented rates. The demand for coastal defense strategies against storms and sea-level rise has increased with human population growth and development along coastlines worldwide, even while that population growth has reduced natural buffering of shorelines. Shoreline hardening, a common coastal defense strategy that includes the use of seawalls and bulkheads (vertical walls constructed of concrete, wood, vinyl, or steel), is resulting in a "coastal squeeze" on estuarine habitats. In contrast to hardening, living shorelines, which range from vegetation plantings to a combination of hard structures and plantings, can be deployed to restore or enhance multiple ecosystem services normally delivered by naturally vegetated shores. Although hundreds of living shoreline projects have been implemented in the United States alone, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness in sustaining or enhancing ecosystem services relative to naturally vegetated shorelines and hardened shorelines. We quantified the effectiveness of (1) sills with landward marsh (a type of living shoreline that combines marsh plantings with an offshore low-profile breakwater), (2) natural salt marsh shorelines (control marshes), and (3) unvegetated bulkheaded shores in providing habitat for fish and crustaceans (nekton). Sills supported higher abundances and species diversity of fishes than unvegetated habitat adjacent to bulkheads, and even control marshes. Sills also supported higher cover of filter-feeding bivalves (a food resource and refuge habitat for nekton) than bulkheads or control marshes. These ecosystem-service enhancements were detected on shores with sills three or more years after construction, but not before. Sills provide added structure and may provide better refuges from predation and greater opportunity to use available food resources for nekton than unvegetated bulkheaded shores or control marshes. Our study shows that unlike shoreline hardening, living shorelines can enhance some ecosystem services provided by marshes, such as provision of nursery habitat. C1 [Gittman, Rachel K.; Peterson, Charles H.; Fodrie, F. Joel; Piehler, Michael F.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gittman, Rachel K.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. RP Gittman, RK (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.; Gittman, RK (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM r.gittman@neu.edu FU NC Coastal Recreational Fishing License Grant; NOAA NERRS graduate fellowship; National Science Foundation, NSF [OCE-1155628]; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FX We thank D. Acree, J. Shallcross, S. Bailey, J. Best, L. Lindgren, M. Hare, the Pine Knoll Shores Aquarium, and the North Carolina Coastal Federation for allowing us to survey their coastal properties. We also thank: J. Fear, S. Fegley, T. Rodriguez, S. Faulkner, and four anonymous reviewers for their guidance and reviews; and M. Brodeur, C. Coughlin, E. Davis, D. Keller, J. Lee, J. Morton, A. Popowich, M. Prafka, D. Roycroft, R. Sicheneder, P. Shrestha, and S. Zhang for assistance with field surveys. This research was funded by a NC Coastal Recreational Fishing License Grant to J. Bruno, C. Peterson, and R. Gittman, a NOAA NERRS graduate fellowship to R. Gittman, a grant to J. Fodrie from the National Science Foundation, NSF OCE-1155628, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1890/14-0716 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8ZY UT WOS:000369511000020 PM 27039523 ER PT J AU Dillingham, PW Moore, JE Fletcher, D Cortes, E Curtis, KA James, KC Lewison, RL AF Dillingham, Peter W. Moore, Jeffrey E. Fletcher, David Cortes, Enric Curtis, K. Alexandra James, Kelsey C. Lewison, Rebecca L. TI Improved estimation of intrinsic growth r(max) for long-lived species: integrating matrix models and allometry SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE allometric (rT) models; Bayesian analysis; demography; integrated population models; intrinsic growth rate; life-table models; long-lived species; population dynamics; Procellaria; white shark; Carcharodon carcharias ID WHITE-CHINNED PETRELS; POPULATION-GROWTH; INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY; INCREASE; MAMMALS; RATES; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; AGE; CONSERVATION AB Intrinsic population growth rate (r(max)) is an important parameter for many ecological applications, such as population risk assessment and harvest management. However, r(max) can be a difficult parameter to estimate, particularly for long-lived species, for which appropriate life table data or abundance time series are typically not obtainable. We describe a method for improving estimates of r(max) for long-lived species by integrating life-history theory (allometric models) and population-specific demographic data (life table models). Broad allometric relationships, such as those between life history traits and body size, have long been recognized by ecologists. These relationships are useful for deriving theoretical expectations for r(max), but r(max) for real populations may vary from simple allometric estimators for "archetypical" species of a given taxa or body mass. Meanwhile, life table approaches can provide population-specific estimates of r(max) from empirical data, but these may have poor precision from imprecise and missing vital rate parameter estimates. Our method borrows strength from both approaches to provide estimates that are consistent with both life-history theory and population-specific empirical data, and are likely to be more robust than estimates provided by either method alone. Our method uses an allometric constant: the product of r(max) and the associated generation time for a stable-age population growing at this rate. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the mean and variance of this allometric constant across well-studied populations from three vertebrate taxa (birds, mammals, and elasmobranchs) and found that the mean was approximately 1.0 for each taxon. We used these as informative Bayesian priors that determine how much to "shrink" imprecise vital rate estimates for a data-limited population toward the allometric expectation. The approach ultimately provides estimates of r(max) (and other vital rates) that reflect a balance of information from the individual studied population, theoretical expectation, and meta-analysis of other populations. We applied the method specifically to an archetypical petrel (representing the genus Procellaria) and to white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the context of estimating sustainable fishery bycatch limits. C1 [Dillingham, Peter W.] Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. [Dillingham, Peter W.] Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey E.; Curtis, K. Alexandra] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fletcher, David] Univ Otago, Dept Math & Stat, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [James, Kelsey C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Dillingham, PW (reprint author), Univ New England, Sch Sci & Technol, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.; Dillingham, PW (reprint author), Clark Univ, George Perkins Marsh Inst, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM pdillingham@une.edu.au RI Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014; OI Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Lenfest Ocean Program FX Funding for this project was provided from the Lenfest Ocean Program. Ideas for this paper were originally presented at a workshop hosted by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 5-7 December 2012, entitled "Calculating productivity and related estimates for sharks," and we thank the participants for their helpful input. J. Barlow and T. Eguchi provided detailed comments that improved the manuscript. We thank S. Heppell and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 1 BP 322 EP 333 DI 10.1890/14-1990 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8ZY UT WOS:000369511000025 PM 27039528 ER PT J AU Gittelson, S Kalafut, T Myers, S Taylor, D Hicks, T Taroni, F Evett, IW Bright, JA Buckleton, J AF Gittelson, Simone Kalafut, Tim Myers, Steven Taylor, Duncan Hicks, Tacha Taroni, Franco Evett, Ian W. Bright, Jo-Anne Buckleton, John TI A Practical Guide for the Formulation of Propositions in the Bayesian Approach to DNA Evidence Interpretation in an Adversarial Environment SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic DNA; likelihood ratio; propositions; Bayesian approach; DNA mixtures ID INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY; FORENSIC GENETICS; HIERARCHY; NETWORKS; RECOMMENDATIONS; COMMISSION; PROFILES; DEFENSE AB The interpretation of complex DNA profiles is facilitated by a Bayesian approach. This approach requires the development of a pair of propositions: one aligned to the prosecution case and one to the defense case. This note explores the issue of proposition setting in an adversarial environment by a series of examples. A set of guidelines generalize how to formulate propositions when there is a single person of interest and when there are multiple individuals of interest. Additional explanations cover how to handle multiple defense propositions, relatives, and the transition from subsource level to activity level propositions. The propositions depend on case information and the allegations of each of the parties. The prosecution proposition is usually known. The authors suggest that a sensible proposition is selected for the defense that is consistent with their stance, if available, and consistent with a realistic defense if their position is not known. C1 [Gittelson, Simone] Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kalafut, Tim] US Army Criminal Invest Lab, 4930 North 31st St, Forest Pk, GA 30297 USA. [Myers, Steven] Calif Dept Justice, Jan Bashinski DNA Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Taylor, Duncan] Forens Sci South Australia, 21 Divett Pl, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Hicks, Tacha; Taroni, Franco] Univ Lausanne, Sch Criminal Justice, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hicks, Tacha] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Fdn Continuing Educ UNIL EPFL, Innovat Pk, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Evett, Ian W.] Principal Forens Serv Ltd, 34 Southborough Rd, Bromley BR1 2EB, England. [Bright, Jo-Anne; Buckleton, John] ESR Ltd, Private Bag 92021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Gittelson, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM simone.gittelson@gmail.com OI Taylor, Duncan/0000-0003-0633-7424 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [P2LAP3-148445]; US National Institute of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K541] FX Supported in part by Grant Number P2LAP3-148445 from the Swiss National Science Foundation and Grant Number 2011-DN-BX-K541 from the US National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or the Department of the Army, and Department of Defense. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 186 EP 195 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12907 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DD9OB UT WOS:000370254100026 PM 26248867 ER PT J AU Phillis, CC Moore, JW Buoro, M Hayes, SA Garza, JC Pearse, DE AF Phillis, Corey C. Moore, Jonathan W. Buoro, Mathieu Hayes, Sean A. Garza, John Carlos Pearse, Devon E. TI Shifting Thresholds: Rapid Evolution of Migratory Life Histories in Steelhead/Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE alternative migratory tactics; anadromy; conditional strategy; contemporary evolution; partial migration; threshold traits ID RAINBOW-TROUT; REACTION NORMS; CONDITIONAL STRATEGIES; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; POPULATION; MATURATION; CALIFORNIA AB Expression of phenotypic plasticity depends on reaction norms adapted to historic selective regimes; anthropogenic changes in these selection regimes necessitate contemporary evolution or declines in productivity and possibly extinction. Adaptation of conditional strategies following a change in the selection regime requires evolution of either the environmentally influenced cue (e. g., size-at-age) or the state (e. g., size threshold) at which an individual switches between alternative tactics. Using a population of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) introduced above a barrier waterfall in 1910, we evaluate how the conditional strategy to migrate evolves in response to selection against migration. We created 9 families and 917 offspring from 14 parents collected from the above-and below-barrier populations. After 1 year of common garden-rearing above-barrier offspring were 11% smaller and 32% lighter than below-barrier offspring. Using a novel analytical approach, we estimate that the mean size at which above-barrier fish switch between the resident and migrant tactic is 43% larger than below-barrier fish. As a result, above-barrier fish were 26% less likely to express the migratory tactic. Our results demonstrate how rapid and opposing changes in size-at-age and threshold size contribute to the contemporary evolution of a conditional strategy and indicate that migratory barriers may elicit rapid evolution toward the resident life history on timescales relevant for conservation and management of conditionally migratory species. C1 [Phillis, Corey C.; Moore, Jonathan W.; Pearse, Devon E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Phillis, Corey C.; Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Buoro, Mathieu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Garza, John Carlos; Pearse, Devon E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Garza, John Carlos; Pearse, Devon E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Phillis, Corey C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Phillis, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.; Phillis, CC (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.; Phillis, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM coreyphillis@gmail.com FU University of California Santa Cruz; National Science Foundation [DEB-100901]; SFU Liber Ero Chair in Coastal Science and Management; CA Department of Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX University of California Santa Cruz, National Science Foundation grant (DEB-100901 to J.W.M.); the SFU Liber Ero Chair in Coastal Science and Management; CA Department of Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; the National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 107 IS 1 SI SI BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1093/jhered/esv085 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DD6VW UT WOS:000370063700006 PM 26585381 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Bunnell, DB AF Pothoven, Steven A. Bunnell, David B. TI A Shift in Bloater Consumption in Lake Michigan between 1993 and 2011 and Its Effects on Diporeia and Mysis Prey SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; ENERGY DENSITY; COREGONUS-HOYI; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; FISH COMMUNITY; HURON; ALEWIVES; SPP.; DISAPPEARANCE AB Bioenergetics modeling was used to determine individual and population consumption by Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lake Michigan during three time periods with variable Bloater density: 1993-1996 (high), 1998-2002 (intermediate), and 2009-2011 (low). Despite declines in Bloater abundance between 1993 and 2011, our results did not show any density-dependent compensatory response in annual individual consumption, specific consumption, or proportion of maximum consumption consumed. Diporeia spp. accounted for a steadily decreasing fraction of annual consumption, and Bloater were apparently unable to eat enough Mysis diluviana or other prey to account for the loss of Diporeia in the environment. The fraction of production of both Diporeia and Mysis that was consumed by the Bloater population decreased over time so that the consumption-to-production ratio for Diporeia + Mysis was 0.74, 0.26, and 0.14 in 1993-1996, 1998-2002, and 2009-2011, respectively. Although high Bloater numbers in the 1980s to 1990s may have had an influence on populations of Diporeia, Bloater were not the main factor driving Diporeia to a nearly complete disappearance because Diporeia continued to decline when Bloater predation demands were lessening. Thus, there appears to be a decoupling in the inverse relationship between predator and prey abundance in Lake Michigan. Compared with Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, the other dominant planktivore in the lake, Bloater have a lower specific consumption and higher gross conversion efficiency (GCE), indicating that the lake can support a higher biomass of Bloater than Alewife. However, declines in Bloater GCE since the 1970s and the absence of positive responses in consumption variables following declines in abundance suggest that productivity in Lake Michigan might not be able to support the same biomass of Bloater as in the past. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Bunnell, David B.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1094130 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Breck, JT Wittmann, ME Cooke, RM Lodge, DM Rothlisberger, JD Zhu, XH Johnson, TB AF Zhang, Hongyan Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. Breck, Jason T. Wittmann, Marion E. Cooke, Roger M. Lodge, David M. Rothlisberger, John D. Zhu, Xinhua Johnson, Timothy B. TI Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; ASIAN CARP; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ILLINOIS RIVER; HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX; HABITAT SELECTION; INVASION HISTORY; EXPERT JUDGMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FISH COMMUNITY AB Nonindigenous bigheaded carps (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix; hereafter, "Asian carps" [AC]) threaten to invade and disrupt food webs and fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes through their high consumption of plankton. To quantify the potential effects of AC on the food web in Lake Erie, we developed an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web model and simulated four AC diet composition scenarios (high, low, and no detritus and low detritus with Walleye Sander vitreus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens larvae) and two nutrient load scenarios (the 1999 baseline load and 2X the baseline [HP]). We quantified the uncertainty of the potential AC effects by coupling the EwE model with estimates of parameter uncertainty in AC production, consumption, and predator diets obtained using structured expert judgment. Our model projected mean +/- SD AC equilibrium biomass ranging from 52 +/- 34 to 104 +/- 75 kg/ha under the different scenarios. Relative to baseline simulations without AC, AC invasion under all detrital diet scenarios decreased the biomass of most fish and zooplankton groups. The effects of AC in the HP scenario were similar to those in the detrital diet scenarios except that the biomasses of most Walleye and Yellow Perch groups were greater under HP because these fishes were buffered from competition with AC by increased productivity at lower trophic levels. Asian carp predation on Walleye and Yellow Perch larvae caused biomass declines among all Walleye and Yellow Perch groups. Large food web impacts of AC occurred in only 2% of the simulations, where AC biomass exceeded 200 kg/ha, resulting in biomass declines of zooplankton and planktivorous fish near the levels observed in the Illinois River. Our findings suggest that AC would affect Lake Erie's food web by competing with other planktivorous fishes and by providing additional prey for piscivores. Our methods provide a novel approach for including uncertainty into forecasts of invasive species' impacts on aquatic food webs. C1 [Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Breck, Jason T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, 1210 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wittmann, Marion E.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. [Wittmann, Marion E.; Lodge, David M.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46656 USA. [Wittmann, Marion E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, 1664 North Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cooke, Roger M.] Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Cooke, Roger M.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Math, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Cooke, Roger M.] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Rothlisberger, John D.] US Forest Serv, 626 East Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. [Zhu, Xinhua] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Johnson, Timothy B.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Rural Route 4,41 Hatchery Lane, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. RP Zhang, HY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM zhanghy@umich.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Great Lakes Restoration Initiative; NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research awards [NA09NOS4780192, NA10NOS4780218]; National Science Foundation CNIC award [1322540]; Canada-Ontario agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem FX We acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research awards NA09NOS4780192 and NA10NOS4780218, and National Science Foundation CNIC award 1322540. We thank a select group of internal reviewers (Roy Stein, William Pine, Kenneth Rose, and Bryan Kinter) and three anonymous reviewers, all of whose comments substantially improved earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also appreciate access to data collected by Lake Erie monitoring agencies (EPA's Great Lakes National Program Office, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, U.S. Geological Survey, and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources). We thank V. Christensen, S. Lai, and J. Steenbeek for model consultation. Initial development of the Lake Erie Ecopath model was done by coauthors X. Zhu and T. B. Johnson and supported by the Canada-Ontario agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. This is NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution 1788. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 43 U2 91 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2016 VL 145 IS 1 BP 136 EP 162 DI 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069211 PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DE0ZP UT WOS:000370355000012 ER PT J AU Judkins, HL Vecchione, M Rosario, K AF Judkins, H. L. Vecchione, M. Rosario, K. TI Morphological and molecular evidence of Heteroteuthis dagamensis in the Gulf of Mexico SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CEPHALOPODA; SPECIATION; ATLANTIC; PATTERNS; MOLLUSCA; ISTHMUS; PANAMA; OCEAN; SEA AB Published records indicate that Heteroteuthis dispar (Ruppell, 1844) is found in the North Atlantic Ocean and that Heteroteuthis dagamensis Robson, 1924 inhabits the South Atlantic Ocean. However, specimens recently collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico (n = 123) show that H. dagamensis is the only species of the genus common in the Gulf of Mexico based on identification of male specimens. Also, comparison of DNA barcodes for three morphologically similar species of Heteroteuthis, H. dispar, H. dagamensis, and Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis (Berry, 1909) confirm that all are distinct species and indicate that H. dagamensis and H. hawaiiensis are closer genetically than either is to H. dispar. C1 [Judkins, H. L.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rosario, K.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Judkins, HL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM judkins@mail.usf.edu FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX The authors would like to acknowledge the University of South Florida's College of Marine Science Dr. Mya Breitbart Laboratory for assistance with DNA sequencing. The authors also acknowledge R Young for identification of the WALTER HERWIG material. The authors thank A Lindgren as she was an enormous help in the sequence analysis of the barcoded specimen. We also want to thank the crew of the NOAA FSV PISCES as well as A Cook for her metadata organization throughout this project. One of the authors (Judkins) was supported in part during manuscript development by a grant from the BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. This manuscript includes both work that was conducted and samples that were collected as part of the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1061 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD7OJ UT WOS:000370113700004 ER PT J AU Berry, C Hill, RL Walker, BK AF Berry, Charlotte Hill, Ronald L. Walker, Brian K. TI Demographics of a nearshore mating queen conch (Lobatus gigas) aggregation on the southeast Florida Reef Tract SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STROMBUS-GIGAS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; GASTROPOD; MARINE; KEYS; AGE AB The queen conch, Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758), is a large gastropod found throughout the Caribbean region, including off Florida. The extent, habitat association, and population demographics of an aggregation were investigated off southeast Florida near a major shipping port. Population surveys were conducted over 4 km(2) of hard-bottom habitats to document benthic cover, conch distribution, and size data within 2 km north and south of the shipping inlet. In total, 122 conch were recorded for the entire surveyed area, equating to 70.6 conch ha(-1). Mean density was highest south of the inlet. Juvenile and subadult conch were found throughout the study area, but mostly in the westernmost, shallowest hard-bottom habitats. The highest density of adult conch was found in the CPW south of the inlet. Analyses showed that CPW south has a unique community composition dominated by macroalgae and sand. This area was surveyed further using cross-shelf transects measuring conch extent and demographics. Five-hundred and-twenty-five conch were found, resulting in a density of 495 ha(-1). Confirmed mating sightings, females with eggs, and solitary egg masses were found indicating reproduction in this nearshore habitat is successful. The ratio of females with eggs to those without indicated that, although 21.2% of the females with eggs had a thinner lip, the majority had a lip thickness >12 mm. Nearshore mating conch should be a consideration in beach construction projects. Future research should include reconnaissance for other aggregations, monitoring, and comparisons among other nearshore populations. C1 [Berry, Charlotte; Walker, Brian K.] Nova SE Univ, Halmos Coll Nat Sci & Oceanog, GIS & Spatial Ecol Lab, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Hill, Ronald L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Walker, BK (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Halmos Coll Nat Sci & Oceanog, GIS & Spatial Ecol Lab, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM walkerb@nova.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1047 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD7OJ UT WOS:000370113700005 ER PT J AU Robards, MD Silber, GK Adams, JD Arroyo, J Lorenzini, D Schwehr, K Amos, J AF Robards, M. D. Silber, G. K. Adams, J. D. Arroyo, J. Lorenzini, D. Schwehr, K. Amos, J. TI Conservation science and policy applications of the marine vessel Automatic Identification System (AIS)-a review SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID WHALES BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; MONITORING-SYSTEM; AIS DATA; SPEED RESTRICTIONS; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; NATIONAL-PARK; OCEAN NOISE; SHIP NOISE; OIL-SPILLS AB The continued development of maritime transportation around the world, and increased recognition of the direct and indirect impacts of vessel activities to marine resources, has prompted interest in better understanding vessel operations and their effects on the environment. Such an understanding has been facilitated by Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), a mandatory vessel communication and navigational safety system that was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 2000 for use in collision avoidance, coastal surveillance, and traffic management. AIS is an effective tool for accomplishing navigational safety goals, and by doing so, can provide critical pre-emptive maritime safety benefits, but also provides a data opportunity with which to understand and help mitigate the impacts of maritime traffic on the marine environment and wildlife. However, AIS was not designed with research or conservation planning in mind, leading to significant challenges in fully benefiting from use of the data for these purposes. We review present experiences using AIS data for strategic conservation applications, and then focus on efforts to ensure archived and real-time AIS data for key variables reflect the best available science (of known limitations and biases). We finish with a suite of recommendations for users of the data and for policy makers. C1 [Robards, M. D.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Arctic Beringia Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Silber, G. K.; Adams, J. D.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Arroyo, J.] US Coast Guard, Off Nav Syst, Washington, DC 20593 USA. [Lorenzini, D.] Space Quest, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Schwehr, K.] Google, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Amos, J.] SkyTruth, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Robards, MD (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Arctic Beringia Program, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mrobards@wcs.org FU ABSI LCC; Oak Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts FX Douglas Burn and Aaron Poe of the Aleutian and Bering Sea Islands (ABSI) Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) provided comments on earlier drafts. Partial funding for MDR was provided by ABSI LCC, Oak Foundation, and Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 IS 1 BP 75 EP 103 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1034 PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD7OJ UT WOS:000370113700006 ER PT J AU Cameron, CM Pausch, RE Miller, MW AF Cameron, Caitlin M. Pausch, Rachel E. Miller, Margaret W. TI Coral recruitment dynamics and substrate mobility in a rubble-dominated back reef habitat SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAVITY DWELLERS COELOBITES; FLORIDA-KEYS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES; BAY; REHABILITATION; RESTORATION; FRAMEWORK; ABUNDANCE AB Some back reef habitats can be characterized by unconsolidated substrate with sand patches that, while potentially valuable as nursery habitat for reef fish species, are typically considered less suitable for settlement by sessile invertebrates. Long-term coral monitoring coupled with short-term rubble movement trials were conducted in a natural rubble field in Biscayne National Park, Florida, to quantify juvenile coral recruitment and species composition, as well as the direction and distance of coral rubble displacement. Mean juvenile density over the 5-yr study ranged from 2.59 to 4.09 juveniles m(2), while juvenile loss (emigration/mortality) was around 50% yr(-1). This loss, although higher than nearby reef sites, could be partially explained by rubble movement. During the four observational periods (each 4-7 wk), individual rubble pieces had mean displacement of 33 (SE 8.5) cm during the calmest period and 149 (SE 46) cm during the windiest period. Coral species composition at the natural rubble site consisted of 12-15 species of coral, predominantly brooding species. While coral density, recruitment, and overall coral cover may seem low at the natural rubble site, they are comparable to nearby consolidated reef sites and are significantly higher than those observed at a nearby "restored" rubble field (0.34-1.02 juveniles m(-2)). Despite the potential importance of rubble fields as source populations for reef species, population dynamics in unconsolidated environments are often overlooked. Thus, studies such as this may provide insight into restoration and management strategies for these understudied habitats. C1 [Cameron, Caitlin M.; Pausch, Rachel E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cameron, Caitlin M.; Pausch, Rachel E.; Miller, Margaret W.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Cameron, CM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Cameron, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM CCameron516@gmail.com FU Biscayne National Park [G5250100001]; National Marine Fisheries Service/Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This work was supported by Biscayne National Park via Cooperative Agreement #G5250100001 with National Marine Fisheries Service/Southeast Fisheries Science Center. We appreciate advice and support from A Bourque and guidance from D Olson. Comments from S Viehman and three anonymous reviewers helped improve an earlier version of this manuscript. Field assistance from J Javech, M Tongue, D Crossett, E McGrath, D Williams, A Bright, and R Wilborn is gratefully acknowledged. J Blondeau assisted with map-based habitat area calculations. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 29 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 92 IS 1 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.5343/bms.2015.1030 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DD7OJ UT WOS:000370113700009 ER PT J AU Gravelle, CM Mecikalski, JR Line, WE Bedka, KM Petersen, RA Sieglaff, JM Stano, GT Goodman, SJ AF Gravelle, Chad M. Mecikalski, John R. Line, William E. Bedka, Kristopher M. Petersen, Ralph A. Sieglaff, Justin M. Stano, Geoffrey T. Goodman, Steven J. TI DEMONSTRATION OF A GOES-R SATELLITE CONVECTIVE TOOLKIT TO "BRIDGE THE GAP" BETWEEN SEVERE WEATHER WATCHES AND WARNINGS An Example from the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado Outbreak SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VHF RADIO PICTURES; BASE-LINE IMAGER; REAL-TIME; STORM INITIATION; SYSTEM; THUNDERSTORM; ALGORITHM; MODEL; RADAR; EVOLUTION AB With the launch of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) series in 2016, there will be continuity of observations for the current GOES system operating over the Western Hemisphere. The GOES-R Proving Ground was established in 2008 to help prepare satellite user communities for the enhanced capabilities of GOES-R, including new instruments, imagery, and products that will have increased spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution. This is accomplished through demonstration and evaluation of proxy products that use current GOES data, higher-resolution data provided by polar-orbiting satellites, and model-derived synthetic satellite imagery. The GOES-R demonstration products presented here, made available to forecasters in near-real time (within 20 min) via the GOES-R Proving Ground, include the 0-9-h NearCast model, 0-1-h convective initiation probabilities, convective cloud-top cooling, overshooting top detection, and a pseudo-Geostationary Lightning Mapper total lightning tendency diagnostic. These products are designed to assist in identifying areas of increasing convective instability, pre-radar echo cumulus cloud growth preceding thunderstorm formation, storm updraft intensity, and potential storm severity derived from lightning trends. In turn, they provide the warning forecaster with improved situational awareness and short-term predictive information that enhance their ability to monitor atmospheric conditions preceding and associated with the development of deep convection, a time period that typically occurs between the issuance of National Weather Service (NWS) Storm Prediction Center convective watches and convective storm warnings issued by NWS forecast offices. This paper will focus on how this GOES-R satellite convective toolkit could have been used by warning forecasters to enhance near-storm environment analysis and the warning-decision-making process prior to and during the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado event. C1 [Gravelle, Chad M.] NOAA NWS Operat Proving Ground, 7220 NW 101st Terr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. [Gravelle, Chad M.; Petersen, Ralph A.; Sieglaff, Justin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Mecikalski, John R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Line, William E.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA NWS Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Line, William E.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bedka, Kristopher M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Stano, Geoffrey T.] NASA, Short Term Predict Res & Transit Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Stano, Geoffrey T.] ENSCO Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GOES R Program Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gravelle, CM (reprint author), NOAA NWS Operat Proving Ground, 7220 NW 101st Terr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA.; Gravelle, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. EM chad.gravelle@noaa.gov FU NOAA/STAR GOES-R Proving Ground grant; GOES Improved Measurements and Products Activities Plan grant under NOAA-University of Wisconsin, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA10NES440001]; NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11NES4400014]; NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06NES4400002] FX The authors thank Steven Weiss (NOAA/NWS/Storm Prediction Center), Dave Radell (NOAA/NWS, Eastern Region Headquarters), Jeffrey Craven (NOAA/NWS, Milwaukee/Sullivan, Wisconsin), and Frank Alsheimer (NOAA/NWS, Charleston, South Carolina) for their reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript and the three anonymous reviewers and the journal editor, who provided thorough comments that improved the final version of this paper. Funding is supported by a NOAA/STAR GOES-R Proving Ground grant; a GOES Improved Measurements and Products Activities Plan grant under NOAA-University of Wisconsin Cooperative Agreement NA10NES440001, the U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA Grant NA11NES4400014, U.S. Department of Commerce; and NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group Grant NA06NES4400002, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00054.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6WW UT WOS:000370066300001 ER PT J AU Bodeker, GE Bojinski, S Cimini, D Dirksen, RJ Haeffelin, M Hannigan, JW Hurst, DF Leblanc, T Madonna, F Maturilli, M Mikalsen, AC Philipona, R Reale, T Seidel, DJ Tan, DGH Thorne, PW Vomel, H Wang, J AF Bodeker, G. E. Bojinski, S. Cimini, D. Dirksen, R. J. Haeffelin, M. Hannigan, J. W. Hurst, D. F. Leblanc, T. Madonna, F. Maturilli, M. Mikalsen, A. C. Philipona, R. Reale, T. Seidel, D. J. Tan, D. G. H. Thorne, P. W. Voemel, H. Wang, J. TI REFERENCE UPPER-AIR OBSERVATIONS FOR CLIMATE From Concept to Reality SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; NETWORK C1 [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, 42 Russell St, Alexandra 9320, New Zealand. [Bojinski, S.] World Meteorol Org, Space Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Cimini, D.; Madonna, F.] CNR, Ist Metodol Anal Ambientale, Potenza, Italy. [Cimini, D.] Univ Aquila, Ctr Eccellenza Telerilevamento & Modellist Numer, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Dirksen, R. J.; Voemel, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Lindenberg Meteorol Observ, Lindenberg, Germany. [Haeffelin, M.] CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Hannigan, J. W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hurst, D. F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, D. F.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Leblanc, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Maturilli, M.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany. [Mikalsen, A. C.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Philipona, R.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland. [Reale, T.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & ResCtr Satellite Applica, College Pk, MD USA. [Seidel, D. J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. [Tan, D. G. H.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Thorne, P. W.] Maynooth Univ, Dept Geog, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Wang, J.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Bodeker, GE (reprint author), Bodeker Sci, 42 Russell St, Alexandra 9320, New Zealand. EM greg@bodekerscientific.com RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6WZ UT WOS:000370066600001 ER PT J AU Deshpande, AD Dockum, BW Draxler, AFJ AF Deshpande, Ashok D. Dockum, Bruce W. Draxler, Andrew F. J. TI Contaminant bioaccumulation dynamics in young-of-the-year bluefish subpopulations in New York Bight with a special reference to the condition and nursery area fidelity subsequent to recruitment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE BIOMARKER RESPONSES; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; UNITED-STATES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; HEALTH INDICATORS; HUDSON RIVER; BAY; FISH; PATTERNS AB Contaminant bioaccumulation dynamics was examined in young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefish subpopulations (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the New York Bight ecosystem, and the results were used to assess (i) effects of habitat quality in terms of levels of PCBs and pesticides on bluefish condition and (ii) fidelity of YOY bluefish to different subestuaries that served as the nurseries subsequent to recruitment during their first summer. Total PCBs and p,p'=-DDE body burdens increased with fish length, but concentrations generally increased only poorly to moderately, which suggested steady-state contaminant uptake commensurate with aggressive feeding and dilution related to rapid growth characteristic of YOY bluefish within a subestuary. High condition factors paired with elevated contamination levels in bluefish from the Lower Hudson River, as compared with bluefish from Newark Bay with poor condition factors paired with elevated contamination levels, suggested that PCBs and pesticides alone may not determine condition in these fish. We found dissimilar patterns of prominent PCB congeners in bluefish from adjacent subestuaries (e.g., Newark Bay and Lower Hudson River) suggesting separate contaminant sources. Total PCB normalized fingerprints of PCB congeners permitted statistical discrimination among YOY bluefish specimens from various estuaries with a potential to differentiate subpopulations on scales to less than 20 km. This unexpected fidelity to nursery estuaries may have implications for the management strategies. C1 [Deshpande, Ashok D.; Dockum, Bruce W.; Draxler, Andrew F. J.] NOAA, Sandy Hook Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Deshpande, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Sandy Hook Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM ashok.deshpande@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0369 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500004 ER PT J AU Devlin, RH Park, L Sakhrani, DM Baker, JD Marshall, AR LaHood, E Kolesar, SE Mayo, MR Biagi, CA Uh, M AF Devlin, R. H. Park, L. Sakhrani, D. M. Baker, J. D. Marshall, A. R. LaHood, E. Kolesar, S. E. Mayo, M. R. Biagi, C. A. Uh, M. TI Variation of Y-chromosome DNA markers in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations (vol 62, pg 1386, 2005) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 [Devlin, R. H.; Sakhrani, D. M.; Kolesar, S. E.; Mayo, M. R.; Biagi, C. A.; Uh, M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Park, L.; Baker, J. D.; LaHood, E.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Marshall, A. R.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capital Way North, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM Robert.Devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 153 EP 153 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0499 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DD6QK UT WOS:000370048500013 ER PT S AU Forster, AM Ho, WL Tan, KT Hunston, D AF Forster, Aaron M. Ho Wei-Lun Tan, Kar Tean Hunston, Don BE Antoun, B TI Structure-Property Relationships in Bimodal Polyethylene from Indentation Measurements SO CHALLENGES IN MECHANICS OF TIME DEPENDENT MATERIALS, VOL 2 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Expt Mech DE Indentation; Polyethylene; Yield stress; Hardness; Fusion bond ID NANOINDENTATION; RESISTANCE; POLYMERS AB Polyethylene is an advantageous material for the construction of buried pipelines. It is corrosion resistant, seismic tolerant, and utilizes low cost installation methods. The exceptional long term performance of polyethylene pipe has been fostered by an understanding of the structure-property relationships for the polyethylene chains, particularly the impact of molecular weight and short chain branching on tie chain formation. An area that remains a challenge for predicting performance is the thermal fusion bond created when two pipe sections are joined. The strength of the joint is predicated on the ability of the polyethylene chains to inter-diffuse and form inter-crystalline tie-chains across the two polyethylene surfaces. Testing the strength of the fusion bond is difficult because failure occurs under a biaxial stress state. A number of different destructive and non-destructive tests have been developed, but these allow ranking of joints. Instrumented indentation has the capability to measure elastic, plastic, and visco-elastic/ plastic properties under a multi-axial stress state. In this work, instrumented indentation is used to develop structure-property relationships as a function of the local microstructure. Five different polyethylene resins used for pipe manufacturing are investigated. The impact of thermal processing is investigated by imposing three different thermal cooling histories (0.4, 9, and 100 degrees C/min) on the polyethylenes. The goal is to determine the impact of chain architecture, molecular weight, and crystallinity on modulus, hardness, yield stress, and viscoelastic properties. The results show that instrumented indentation using is capable of measuring many aspects of polyethylene behavior related to performance. C1 [Forster, Aaron M.; Ho Wei-Lun; Tan, Kar Tean; Hunston, Don] NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tan, Kar Tean] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forster, AM (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.forster@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22443-5; 978-3-319-22442-8 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22443-5_7 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BE2QG UT WOS:000369843900007 ER PT S AU Kim, JH Heckert, NA Kang, KL McDonough, WG Rice, KD Holmes, GA AF Kim, J. H. Heckert, N. A. Kang, Kai-Li McDonough, W. G. Rice, K. D. Holmes, G. A. BE Song, B Lamberson, L Casem, D Kimberley, J TI Statistical Characterizations for Tensile Properties of Co-polymer Aramid Fibers: Loading Rate Effects SO DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS, VOL 1 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Expt Mech DE Single fiber; Tensile test; Co-polymer aramid fiber; Statistical analysis; High strain rate ID BALLISTIC IMPACT; PERFORMANCE; MODEL AB High strength polymer fibers such as poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole), (PBO) have been used for ballistic body armors. In addition to these para-oriented fibers, copolymer aramid fibers are being considered. Although mechanical properties of these fibers measured under quasi-static loading conditions are reported to be excellent, fiber tensile properties measured at comparable loading conditions for ballistic impact are rarely reported. In this study, we measure single fiber tensile properties at high rate loading conditions by clamping a fiber to the grips of a mini Kolsky bar, and investigate their statistical distributions as well as fiber morphologies. C1 [Kim, J. H.; McDonough, W. G.; Holmes, G. A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, M-S 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. A.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, M-S 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kang, Kai-Li; Rice, K. D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, M-S 8102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, M-S 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22452-7; 978-3-319-22451-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22452-7_11 PG 5 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BE2OQ UT WOS:000369724800011 ER PT S AU Mates, S Abu-Farha, F AF Mates, Steven Abu-Farha, Fadi BE Song, B Lamberson, L Casem, D Kimberley, J TI Dynamic Tensile Behavior of a Quenched and Partitioned High Strength Steel Using a Kolsky Bar SO DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS, VOL 1 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Expt Mech DE Kolsky bar; High strain rate; Advanced high strength steels; Automotive light-weighting; High speed digital image correlation AB Dynamic tension testswere performed on a quenched and partitioned high strength steel grade, QP980, using a direct tensionKolskyBar method. In thismethod, the steel incident bar consists of a tube section and a solid section of equal impedance mated through a threaded connection. The striker is pneumatically launched within the tube section into an impact cap to create the tensile loading pulse. The transmission bar, which is constructed of aluminum to improve the forcemeasurement sensitivity, is not impedance matched to the incident bar, and as a result the wave analysis technique wasmodified accordingly. The sample geometry follows ISO 26203-1: 2010. Strain-time histories of the specimens obtained by the wave analysis were compared to high speedDIC strain field measurements, and the latterwere used to correct the compliance of the test setup. Material testswere performed parallel to, perpendicular to, and at 45 degrees with respect to the rolling direction. Specimens were taken to failure and to several intermediate strain levels by using momentum traps on the incident and transmission bars. Specimen gauge length, gas pressure and striker bar length were changed to achieve different strain rates, covering the range needed for crash simulations. The dynamic behavior of the material is compared to its quasi-static behavior. C1 [Mates, Steven] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abu-Farha, Fadi] Clemson Univ, Int Ctr Automot Res, Greenville, SC 29607 USA. RP Mates, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.mates@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22452-7; 978-3-319-22451-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22452-7_22 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BE2OQ UT WOS:000369724800022 ER PT J AU Broms, KM Hooten, MB Johnson, DS Altwegg, R Conquest, LL AF Broms, Kristin M. Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Devin S. Altwegg, Res Conquest, Loveday L. TI Dynamic occupancy models for explicit colonization processes SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acridotheres tristis; citizen science; colonization; Common Myna; dynamic occupancy model; extinction; invasive species; multi-season model; Southern African Bird Atlas Project; spatiotemporal processes; species distribution maps ID SPECIES RANGE DYNAMICS; BAYESIAN MODEL; NEIGHBORHOOD; EXTINCTION; EXPANSION; SELECTION; SPREAD AB The dynamic, multi-season occupancy model framework has become a popular tool for modeling open populations with occupancies that change over time through local colonizations and extinctions. However, few versions of the model relate these probabilities to the occupancies of neighboring sites or patches. We present a modeling framework that incorporates this information and is capable of describing a wide variety of spatiotemporal colonization and extinction processes. A key feature of the model is that it is based on a simple set of small-scale rules describing how the process evolves. The result is a dynamic process that can account for complicated large-scale features. In our model, a site is more likely to be colonized if more of its neighbors were previously occupied and if it provides more appealing environmental characteristics than its neighboring sites. Additionally, a site without occupied neighbors may also become colonized through the inclusion of a long-distance dispersal process. Although similar model specifications have been developed for epidemiological applications, ours formally accounts for detectability using the well-known occupancy modeling framework. After demonstrating the viability and potential of this new form of dynamic occupancy model in a simulation study, we use it to obtain inference for the ongoing Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) invasion in South Africa. Our results suggest that the Common Myna continues to enlarge its distribution and its spread via short distance movement, rather than long-distance dispersal. Overall, this new modeling framework provides a powerful tool for managers examining the drivers of colonization including short- vs. long-distance dispersal, habitat quality, and distance from source populations. C1 [Broms, Kristin M.; Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, Mevin B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, Dept Stat Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Altwegg, Res] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Conquest, Loveday L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98161 USA. RP Broms, KM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kristin.broms@rams.colostate.edu FU National Research Foundation of South Africa [85802] FX The authors would like to thank all the volunteers who contributed to the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, and the reviewers for their suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. R. Altwegg was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant 85802). The NRF accepts no liability for opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 IS 1 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1890/15-0416.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DD3VZ UT WOS:000369852600021 PM 27008788 ER PT J AU Guo, ZY Panda, DK Maity, K Lindsey, D Parker, TG Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Barreda-Esparza, JL Xiong, P Zhou, W Saha, S AF Guo, Zhiyong Panda, Dillip K. Maity, Krishnendu Lindsey, David Parker, T. Gannon Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. Barreda-Esparza, Jorge L. Xiong, Peng Zhou, Wei Saha, Sourav TI Modulating the electrical conductivity of metal-organic framework films with intercalated guest pi-systems SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED LINKER EXCHANGE; THIN-FILMS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DEPOSITION; CATENATION; SEPARATION; CHEMISTRY; LIGANDS; DEVICES AB The access to electroactive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and the ability to manipulate their electrical properties with external stimuli are vital for the realization of MOF-based electronic and photonic devices. To this end, we have constructed a new blue colored pillared-paddlewheel (PPW) MOF, namely BMOF composed of redox-active N,N'-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,6-dipyrrolidyl naphthalenediimide (BPDPNDI) pillars and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (TCPB) struts, and grown stable, uniform BMOF films on ZnO substrates via a bottom-up method for device integration and testing. The electrical conductivity (sigma) of BMOF films is ca. 6 x 10(-5) S m(-1) (25 degrees C), which surges up to 2.3 x 10(-3) S m(-1) upon infiltration of pi-acidic methyl viologen (MV2+) guests, but remains unaffected by large C-60 molecules that are size excluded. These results demonstrate for the first time that the conductivity of MOFs can be fine-tuned by complementary guest pi-systems that can promote long-range electron delocalization by forming extended pi-stacks with the redox-active ligands. C1 [Guo, Zhiyong; Panda, Dillip K.; Maity, Krishnendu; Lindsey, David; Parker, T. Gannon; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.; Saha, Sourav] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Barreda-Esparza, Jorge L.; Xiong, Peng] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM saha@chem.fsu.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Guo, Zhiyong/L-5541-2014 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [51734-DNI4] FX SS acknowledges the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for proving financial support for a major part of this work (grant # 51734-DNI4). NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 19 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2016 VL 4 IS 5 BP 894 EP 899 DI 10.1039/c5tc02232k PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA DD0IK UT WOS:000369603400001 ER PT J AU Ham, S Yoshimura, K Li, HQ AF Ham, Suryun Yoshimura, Kei Li, Haiqin TI Historical Dynamical Downscaling for East Asia with the Atmosphere and Ocean Coupled Regional Model SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE RSM-ROMS; atmosphere-ocean coupling; high-resolution SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODEL; BALTIC SEA; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; RESOLUTION; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION AB The atmosphere-ocean-coupled regional downscaling system of the Regional Spectral Model for the atmosphere and the Regional Ocean Modeling System (RSM-ROMS) was used to improve the downscaling simulation accuracy, particularly of coastal areas, and a dynamical downscale of the historical global reanalysis data for the East Asian region over 25 years was conducted. The results showed that in the coupled run, the sea surface temperature (SST) tended to show large-scale discrepancy from reality, basically because the models remain imperfect. On the other hand, for net heat flux, precipitation, and surface air temperature, the coupled run showed positive improvement compared with the uncoupled run. The improvement in these three variables and the degradation in SST were also apparent for event-based (one-month) averages. This inconsistency between the impacts on SST and the other variables may indicate that there is room to improve the model system further, particularly in the coupling and/or boundary layer processes for both the atmosphere and ocean. C1 [Ham, Suryun; Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Chiba, Japan. [Li, Haiqin] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Li, Haiqin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yoshimura, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. EM kei@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010 OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [23226012, 26289160]; NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) program FX This article includes studies conducted under the SOUSEI program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan (MEXT), the CREST program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grants 23226012 and 26289160. The global ocean heat flux products were provided by the WHOI OAFlux project (http://oaflux.whoi.du) funded by the NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) program. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PY 2016 VL 94A SI SI BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.2151/jmsj.2015-046 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD6IV UT WOS:000370028800015 ER PT J AU Edmunds, RC Su, BF Balhoff, JP Eames, BF Dahdul, WM Lapp, H Lundberg, JG Vision, TJ Dunham, RA Mabee, PM Westerfield, M AF Edmunds, Richard C. Su, Baofeng Balhoff, James P. Eames, B. Frank Dahdul, Wasila M. Lapp, Hilmar Lundberg, John G. Vision, Todd J. Dunham, Rex A. Mabee, Paula M. Westerfield, Monte TI Phenoscape: Identifying Candidate Genes for Evolutionary Phenotypes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE molecular evolution; gene expression; evolutionary phenotypes; catfish; nonmodel organism ID CF. TRIRADIATUS LORICARIIDAE; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; CORYDORAS-AENEUS GILL; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CHANNEL CATFISH; CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT; FISHES TELEOSTEI; MODEL ORGANISM; ECTODYSPLASIN ALLELES AB Phenotypes resulting from mutations in genetic model organisms can help reveal candidate genes for evolutionarily important phenotypic changes in related taxa. Although testing candidate gene hypotheses experimentally in nonmodel organisms is typically difficult, ontology-driven information systems can help generate testable hypotheses about developmental processes in experimentally tractable organisms. Here, we tested candidate gene hypotheses suggested by expert use of the Phenoscape Knowledgebase, specifically looking for genes that are candidates responsible for evolutionarily interesting phenotypes in the ostariophysan fishes that bear resemblance to mutant phenotypes in zebrafish. For this, we searched ZFIN for genetic perturbations that result in either loss of basihyal element or loss of scales phenotypes, because these are the ancestral phenotypes observed in catfishes (Siluriformes). We tested the identified candidate genes by examining their endogenous expression patterns in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. The experimental results were consistent with the hypotheses that these features evolved through disruption in developmental pathways at, or upstream of, brpf1 and eda/edar for the ancestral losses of basihyal element and scales, respectively. These results demonstrate that ontological annotations of the phenotypic effects of genetic alterations in model organisms, when aggregated within a knowledgebase, can be used effectively to generate testable, and useful, hypotheses about evolutionary changes in morphology. C1 [Edmunds, Richard C.; Westerfield, Monte] Univ Oregon, Inst Neurosci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Su, Baofeng; Dunham, Rex A.] Auburn Univ, Sch Fisheries Aquaculture & Aquat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Balhoff, James P.; Dahdul, Wasila M.; Lapp, Hilmar; Vision, Todd J.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Eames, B. Frank] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Dahdul, Wasila M.; Mabee, Paula M.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [Lundberg, John G.] Acad Nat Sci, Dept Ichthyol, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Vision, Todd J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Edmunds, Richard C.] NOAA, Natl Res Council Associate Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Su, Baofeng] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Heilongjiang Fisheries Res Inst, Key Lab Freshwater Aquat Biotechnol & Genet Breed, Minist Agr China, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Balhoff, James P.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lapp, Hilmar] Duke Univ, Ctr Genom & Computat Biol, Durham, NC USA. RP Westerfield, M (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Inst Neurosci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM monte@uoneuro.uoregon.edu OI Vision, Todd/0000-0002-6133-2581; Dahdul, Wasila/0000-0003-3162-7490; Balhoff, James/0000-0002-8688-6599 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0641025, DBI-1062404, DBI-1062542]; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center under NSF [EF-0423641, EF-0905606]; NIH [HG002659, HD22486] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers DBI-0641025, DBI-1062404, and DBI-1062542, and supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center under NSF EF-0423641 and NSF EF-0905606. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors also acknowledge the support of NIH grants HG002659 and HD22486 (to M.W.). They also thank many contributors to the Phenoscape project (http://phenoscape.org/wiki/Acknowledgments). They also thank M. Sabaj for the image of his catfishes used in figure 1 and K. Luckenbill (Academy of Natural Sciences [ANSP], Philadelphia, PA) for his work in developing figure 2. NR 135 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 EI 1537-1719 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1093/molbev/msv223 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA DD5VL UT WOS:000369992600002 PM 26500251 ER PT J AU Scott, RK Harris, LM Polvani, LM AF Scott, R. K. Harris, L. M. Polvani, L. M. TI A test case for the inviscid shallow-water equations on the sphere SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE shallow-water flow; numerical modelling; potential vorticity ID DYNAMICAL CORE; MODEL AB A numerically converged solution to the inviscid global shallow-water equations for a predefined time interval is documented to provide a convenient benchmark for model validation. The solution is based on the same initial conditions as a previously documented solution for the viscous equations. The solution is computed using two independent numerical schemes, one a pseudospectral scheme based on an expansion in spherical harmonics and the other a finite-volume scheme on a cubed-sphere grid. Flow fields and various integral norms are documented to facilitate model comparison and validation. Attention is drawn to the utility of the potential vorticity supremum as a convenient and sensitive test of numerical convergence, in which the exact value is known a priori over the entire time interval. C1 [Scott, R. K.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Harris, L. M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Scott, RK (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM rks4@st-andrews.ac.uk FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1333029] FX Partial support for this work was provided through the National Science Foundation award AGS-1333029. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 142 IS 694 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1002/qj.2667 PN A PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD5QE UT WOS:000369978300038 ER PT J AU Li, D Katul, GG Gentine, P AF Li, D. Katul, G. G. Gentine, P. TI The k(-1) scaling of air temperature spectra in atmospheric surface layer flows SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric surface layer; co-spectral budget; Heisenberg's eddy viscosity; spectral budget; temperature spectra; k(-1) scaling ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WALL TURBULENCE; SIMILARITY; VELOCITY; ENERGY; NUMBER; HYPOTHESIS; DYNAMICS; SHEAR AB A number of atmospheric surface layer (ASL) experiments reported a k(-1) scaling in air temperature spectra E-TT(k) at low wavenumber k but other experiments did not. Occurrence of this scaling law in E-TT(k) in an idealized ASL flow across a wide range of atmospheric stability regimes is investigated theoretically and experimentally using measurements collected above a lake and a grass surface. Experiments reveal a k(-1) scaling persisted across different atmospheric stability parameter values () ranging from mildly unstable to mildly stable conditions (-0.1 < < 0.2). As instability increases, the k(-1) scaling vanishes. Based on simplified spectral and co-spectral budgets and using a Heisenberg eddy viscosity as a closure to the spectral flux transfer term, conditions promoting a k(-1) scaling in E-TT(k) are identified. Existence of a k(-1) scaling is shown to be primarily linked to an imbalance between the production and dissipation rates of half the temperature variance. When -0.1 < < 0.2, such imbalance exhibits weak dependence on and hence z, which is shown to be the main cause for a -1 scaling at low k. As the atmosphere becomes more unstable, the imbalance determined from experiments here are not significantly affected by , thereby negating conditions promoting a -1 scaling in E-TT(k). The role of the imbalance between the production and dissipation rates of half the temperature variance in controlling the existence of a -1 scaling suggests that the -1 scaling in E-TT(k) does not necessarily concur with the -1 scaling in the spectra of longitudinal velocity E-uu(k). This finding explains why some ASL experiments reported k(-1) in E-uu(k) but not in E-TT(k). C1 [Li, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Katul, G. G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA. [Katul, G. G.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Gentine, P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM danl@princeton.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693 FU NOAA (US Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - BP; National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR-1344703]; US Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program [DE-SC0006967, DE-SC0011461]; NASA [NNX14AI36G] FX DL acknowledges support from the NOAA (US Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce or BP. GK acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR-1344703), the US Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program (DE-SC0006967 and DE-SC0011461). PG acknowledges support from the NASA grant NNX14AI36G. We thank Professor Marc Parlange for sharing the lake data, which were collected by his Environmental Fluid Mechanics and Hydrology Laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne. We also would like to thank Bert Heusinkveld for providing the grass data collected at Wageningen University. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 142 IS 694 BP 496 EP 505 DI 10.1002/qj.2668 PN A PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD5QE UT WOS:000369978300039 ER PT J AU Choi, T Shao, X Cao, CY Weng, FZ AF Choi, Taeyoung Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Weng, Fuzhong TI Radiometric Stability Monitoring of the Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Reflective Solar Bands Using the Moon SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE S-NPP; VIIRS; lunar calibration; lunar band ratio; calibration coefficients; F-factor; Solar Diffuser; Miller and Turner; radiometric stability AB The Suomi NPP (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) performs the scheduled lunar roll maneuver on a monthly basis. The lunar calibration coefficients and lunar F-factor are calculated by taking the ratio of the lunar observed radiance to the simulated radiance from the Miller and Turner (MT) lunar model. The lunar F-factor is also validated against that derived from the VIIRS Solar Diffuser (SD). The MT model-based lunar F-factors in general agree with SD F-factors. The Lunar Band Ratio (LBR) is also derived from two channel lunar radiances and is implemented in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Integrated Calibration and Validation System (ICVS) to monitor the VIIRS long-term radiometric performance. The lunar radiances at pixels are summed for each of the VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands (RSBs) and normalized by the reference band M11 which has the most stable SD-based calibration coefficient. LBRs agree with the SD based F-factor ratios within one percent. Based on analysis with these two independent lunar calibration methods, SD-based and LBR-based calibrations show a lifetime consistency. Thus, it is recommended that LBR be used for both VIIRS radiometric calibration and lifetime stability monitoring. C1 [Choi, Taeyoung; Shao, Xi] Earth Resources Technol Inc, 5830 Univ Res Ct 2672, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Choi, T (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, 5830 Univ Res Ct 2672, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM taeyoung.choi@noaa.gov; xi.shao@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Choi, Taeyoung/E-4437-2016; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Choi, Taeyoung/0000-0002-4596-989X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU NOAA JPSS program FX Authors would like to thank Steven Miller for providing the MT lunar irradiance model, which is used for F-factor calculation. Thanks are extended to all NOAA ICVS and VIIRS SDR team members for the invaluable supports. Authors thank to Mitch Schull for his detailed review of the manuscript. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. This work is funded by the NOAA JPSS program. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.3390/rs8010015 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800017 ER PT J AU Emberton, S Chittka, L Cavallaro, A Wang, MH AF Emberton, Simon Chittka, Lars Cavallaro, Andrea Wang, Menghua TI Sensor Capability and Atmospheric Correction in Ocean Colour Remote Sensing SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE atmospheric correction; hyperspectral; multispectral; ocean colour; remote sensing ID NEURO-VARIATIONAL INVERSION; WATER-LEAVING REFLECTANCE; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION; AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; PRODUCTIVE COASTAL WATERS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; HIGHLY TURBID WATERS; EAST CHINA SEA AB Accurate correction of the corrupting effects of the atmosphere and the water's surface are essential in order to obtain the optical, biological and biogeochemical properties of the water from satellite-based multi- and hyper-spectral sensors. The major challenges now for atmospheric correction are the conditions of turbid coastal and inland waters and areas in which there are strongly-absorbing aerosols. Here, we outline how these issues can be addressed, with a focus on the potential of new sensor technologies and the opportunities for the development of novel algorithms and aerosol models. We review hardware developments, which will provide qualitative and quantitative increases in spectral, spatial, radiometric and temporal data of the Earth, as well as measurements from other sources, such as the Aerosol Robotic Network for Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) stations, bio-optical sensors on Argo (Bio-Argo) floats and polarimeters. We provide an overview of the state of the art in atmospheric correction algorithms, highlight recent advances and discuss the possible potential for hyperspectral data to address the current challenges. C1 [Emberton, Simon; Chittka, Lars; Cavallaro, Andrea] Queen Mary Univ London, Ctr Intelligent Sensing, London E1 4NS, England. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Emberton, S (reprint author), Queen Mary Univ London, Ctr Intelligent Sensing, London E1 4NS, England. EM s.emberton@qmul.ac.uk; l.chittka@qmul.ac.uk; a.cavallaro@qmul.ac.uk; menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Chittka, Lars/0000-0001-8153-1732 FU Queen Mary University of London's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Doctoral Training Centre [EP/G03723X/1] FX This work is supported by Queen Mary University of London's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Doctoral Training Centre EP/G03723X/1. The views, opinions and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy or decision. NR 232 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 31 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.3390/rs8010001 PG 31 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800007 ER PT J AU Gladkova, I Ignatov, A Shahriar, F Kihai, Y Hillger, D Petrenko, B AF Gladkova, Irina Ignatov, Alexander Shahriar, Fazlul Kihai, Yury Hillger, Don Petrenko, Boris TI Improved VIIRS and MODIS SST Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; MODIS; imagery; bow-tie; aggregation; deletion; SST ID CLEAR-SKY MASK AB Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) radiometers, flown onboard Terra/Aqua and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP)/Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites, are capable of providing superior sea surface temperature (SST) imagery. However, the swath data of these multi-detector sensors are subject to several artifacts including bow-tie distortions and striping, and require special pre-processing steps. VIIRS additionally does two irreversible data reduction steps onboard: pixel aggregation (to reduce resolution changes across the swath) and pixel deletion, which complicate both bow-tie correction and destriping. While destriping was addressed elsewhere, this paper describes an algorithm, adopted in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) SST system, to minimize the bow-tie artifacts in the SST imagery and facilitate application of the pattern recognition algorithms for improved separation of ocean from cloud and mapping fine SST structure, especially in the dynamic, coastal and high-latitude regions of the ocean. The algorithm is based on a computationally fast re-sampling procedure that ensures a continuity of corresponding latitude and longitude arrays. Potentially, Level 1.5 products may be generated to benefit a wide range of MODIS and VIIRS users in land, ocean, cryosphere, and atmosphere remote sensing. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Shahriar, Fazlul] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, 138th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Gladkova, Irina; Kihai, Yury; Petrenko, Boris] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA STAR, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shahriar, Fazlul] CUNY, Grad Ctr, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Hillger, Don] NOAA STAR, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, 138th St, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Gladkova, I (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; alex.ignatov@noaa.gov; fshahriar@gmail.com; yury.kihai@noaa.gov; don.hillger@noaa.gov; boris.petrenko@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640 FU JPSS Program Office; NOAA; NOAA SDR Team; STAR JPSS Lead Lihang Zhou; JPSS Program Scientist Mitch Goldberg FX This work is conducted under the JPSS SST project funded by the JPSS Program Office, and the Ocean Remote Sensing Program funded by NOAA. We thank NOAA SDR Team (Changyong Cao), STAR JPSS Lead Lihang Zhou and JPSS Program Scientist Mitch Goldberg for supporting the SST re-sampling efforts. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 79 DI 10.3390/rs8010079 PG 20 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500002 ER PT J AU Heron, SF Johnston, L Liu, G Geiger, EF Maynard, JA De La Cour, JL Johnson, S Okano, R Benavente, D Burgess, TFR Iguel, J Perez, DI Skirving, WJ Strong, AE Tirak, K Eakin, CM AF Heron, Scott F. Johnston, Lyza Liu, Gang Geiger, Erick F. Maynard, Jeffrey A. De La Cour, Jacqueline L. Johnson, Steven Okano, Ryan Benavente, David Burgess, Timothy F. R. Iguel, John Perez, Denise I. Skirving, William J. Strong, Alan E. Tirak, Kyle Eakin, C. Mark TI Validation of Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Satellite Products for Coral Bleaching Monitoring SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coral reef; coral bleaching; sea surface temperature; SST; satellite; thermal stress; NOAA Coral Reef Watch; Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; CNMI; coastal and marine management; coral diversity AB Satellite monitoring of thermal stress on coral reefs has become an essential component of reef management practice around the world. A recent development by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Watch (NOAA CRW) program provides daily global monitoring at 5 km resolutionat or near the scale of most coral reefs. In this paper, we introduce two new monitoring products in the CRW Decision Support System for coral reef management: Regional Virtual Stations, a regional synthesis of thermal stress conditions, and Seven-day Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Trend, describing recent changes in temperature at each location. We describe how these products provided information in support of management activities prior to, during and after the 2014 thermal stress event in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Using in situ survey data from this event, we undertake the first quantitative comparison between 5 km satellite monitoring products and coral bleaching observations. Analysis of coral community characteristics, historical temperature conditions and thermal stress revealed a strong influence of coral biodiversity in the patterns of observed bleaching. This resulted in a model based on thermal stress and generic richness that explained 97% of the variance in observed bleaching. These findings illustrate the importance of using local benthic characteristics to interpret the level of impact from thermal stress exposure. In an era of continuing climate change, accurate monitoring of thermal stress and prediction of coral bleaching are essential for stakeholders to direct resources to the most effective management actions to conserve coral reefs. C1 [Heron, Scott F.; Liu, Gang; Geiger, Erick F.; De La Cour, Jacqueline L.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Tirak, Kyle; Eakin, C. Mark] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Liu, Gang; Geiger, Erick F.; De La Cour, Jacqueline L.; Skirving, William J.; Strong, Alan E.; Tirak, Kyle] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Johnston, Lyza; Johnson, Steven; Okano, Ryan; Benavente, David; Iguel, John; Perez, Denise I.] CNMI Bur Environm & Coastal Qual, Div Coastal Resources Management, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] SymbioSeas & Marine Appl Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28411 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey A.] CRIOBE, Lab Excellence CORAIL, USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Papetoai 98729, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Burgess, Timothy F. R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Perez, Denise I.] Univ Queensland, Remote Sensing Res Ctr, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Heron, SF (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.; Heron, SF (reprint author), Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; Heron, SF (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Dept Phys, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM scott.heron@noaa.gov; lyzajohnston@becq.gov.mp; gang.liu@noaa.gov; erick.geiger@noaa.gov; maynardmarine@gmail.com; jacqueline.shapo@noaa.gov; stevenjohnson@becq.gov.mp; ryanokano@becq.gov.mp; lacapabenavente@gmail.com; t.burgess1@uq.edu.au; johniguel@becq.gov.mp; d.perez@uq.edu.au; william.skirving@noaa.gov; alan.e.strong@noaa.gov; kyle.tirak@noaa.gov; mark.eakin@noaa.gov RI Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) FX CRW product development and CNMI fieldwork were supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), including through a territorial grant to BECQ. The first field expedition aboard the NOAA R/V Oscar Elton Sette was facilitated by NOAA PIFSC and Robert Humphreys as part of an insular reef fish and bottomfish bio-sampling project in the CNMI. The second cruise to Maug was facilitated by Ian Enochs as part of a research project investigation the physical and biological characteristics of the volcanically acidified waters of Maug. We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Oscar Elton Sette and the M/V Super Emerald. We also thank Robert Greene for assistance with survey site selection. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 59 DI 10.3390/rs8010059 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500032 ER PT J AU Hillger, D Kopp, T Seaman, C Miller, S Lindsey, D Stevens, E Solbrig, J Straka, W Kreller, M Kuciauskas, A Terborg, A AF Hillger, Don Kopp, Tom Seaman, Curtis Miller, Steven Lindsey, Dan Stevens, Eric Solbrig, Jeremy Straka, William, III Kreller, Melissa Kuciauskas, Arunas Terborg, Amanda TI User Validation of VIIRS Satellite Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; DNB; NCC; imagery; validation; Alaska; KPP ID DAY/NIGHT BAND; NIGHT; CAPABILITIES; ALASKA AB Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Imagery from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite is the finest spatial resolution (375 m) multi-spectral imagery of any operational meteorological satellite to date. The Imagery environmental data record (EDR) has been designated as a Key Performance Parameter (KPP) for VIIRS, meaning that its performance is vital to the success of a series of Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites that will carry this instrument. Because VIIRS covers the high-latitude and Polar Regions especially well via overlapping swaths from adjacent orbits, the Alaska theatre in particular benefits from VIIRS more than lower-latitude regions. While there are no requirements that specifically address the quality of the EDR Imagery aside from the VIIRS SDR performance requirements, the value of VIIRS Imagery to operational users is an important consideration in the Cal/Val process. As such, engaging a wide diversity of users constitutes a vital part of the Imagery validation strategy. The best possible image quality is of utmost importance. This paper summarizes the Imagery Cal/Val Team's quality assessment in this context. Since users are a vital component to the validation of VIIRS Imagery, specific examples of VIIRS imagery applied to operational needs are presented as an integral part of the post-checkout Imagery validation. C1 [Hillger, Don; Lindsey, Dan] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res StAR, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kopp, Tom] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Seaman, Curtis; Miller, Steven; Solbrig, Jeremy] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stevens, Eric] Geog Informat Network Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Straka, William, III] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kreller, Melissa] NWS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kuciauskas, Arunas] NRL, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Terborg, Amanda] NWS, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. RP Hillger, D (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res StAR, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM don.hillger@noaa.gov; Thomas.J.Kopp@aero.org; Curtis.Seaman@colostate.edu; Steven.Miller@colostate.edu; dan.lindsey@noaa.gov; eric@gina.alaska.edu; Jeremy.Solbrig@colostate.edu; wstraka@ssec.wisc.edu; melissa.kreller@noaa.gov; Arunas.Kuciauskas@nrlmry.navy.mil; amanda.terborg@noaa.gov RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 FU JPSS Program Office, NOAA/NESDIS/StAR; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-14-G902]; Oceanographer of the Navy through office at the PEO C4I Space/PMW-120 [PE-0603207N] FX The authors would like to thank other on the VIIRS Imagery and Visualization Team [38] who are not listed as co-authors for their contributions: Stan Kidder, Debra Molenar, Steve Finley, Renate Brummer, Chris Elvidge, Kim Richardson, and Bill Thomas. The authors would also like to thank Capt. Brian Decicco and TSgt. Ricky Frye of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for their contributions. Funding for this work was provided by the JPSS Program Office, NOAA/NESDIS/StAR, and the Naval Research Laboratory (Grant # N00173-14-G902), the Oceanographer of the Navy through office at the PEO C4I & Space/PMW-120 under program element PE-0603207N. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.3390/rs8010011 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800012 ER PT J AU Jing, X Shao, X Cao, CY Fu, XD Yan, L AF Jing, Xin Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Fu, Xiaodong Yan, Lei TI Comparison between the Suomi-NPP Day-Night Band and DMSP-OLS for Correlating Socio-Economic Variables at the Provincial Level in China SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE nighttime light; socio-economic statistics; visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS); day-night band; DMSP-OLS ID LIGHT COMPOSITE DATA; OPERATIONAL LINESCAN SYSTEM; ELECTRIC-POWER CONSUMPTION; ECONOMIC-ACTIVITY; IMAGERY; SATELLITE; POPULATION; EMISSIONS; AREAS AB Nighttime light imagery offers a unique view of the Earth's surface. In the past, the nighttime light data collected by the DMSP-OLS sensors have been used as an efficient means to correlate regional and global socio-economic activities. With the launch of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite in 2011, the day-night band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard represents a major advancement in nighttime imaging capabilities, because it surpasses its predecessor DMSP-OLS in radiometric accuracy, spatial resolution and geometric quality. In this paper, four variables (total night light, light area, average night light and log average night light) are extracted from nighttime radiance data observed by the VIIRS-DNB composite in 2013 and nighttime digital number (DN) data from the DMSP-OLS stable dataset in 2012, respectively, and correlated with 12 socio-economic parameters at the provincial level in mainland China during the corresponding period. Background noise of DNB composite data is removed using either a masking method or an optimal threshold method. In general, the correlation of these socio-economic data with the total night light and light area of VIIRS-DNB composite data is better than with the DMSP-OLS stable data. The correlations between total night light of denoised DNB composite data and built-up area, gross regional product (GRP) and power consumption are higher than 0.9 and so are the correlations between the light area of denoised DNB composite data and city and town population, built-up area, GRP, power consumption and waste water discharge. However, the correlations of socio-economic data with the average night light and log average night light of VIIRS-DNB composite data are not as good as with the DMSP-OLS stable data. To quantitatively analyze the reasons for the correlation difference, a cubic regression method is developed to correct the saturation effect of the DMSP stable data, and we artificially convert the pixel value of the DNB composite into six bits to match the DMSP stable data format. The correlation results between the processed data and socio-economic data show that the effects of saturation and quantization are two of the reasons for the correlation difference. Additionally, on this basis, we estimate the total night light ratio between saturation-corrected DMSP stable data and finite quantization DNB composite data, and it is found that the ratio is similar to 11.28 +/- 4.02 for China. Therefore, it appears that a different acquisition time is the other reason for the correlation difference. C1 [Jing, Xin; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jing, Xin; Yan, Lei] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Yaogan Bldg,5 Yiheyuan Rd, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fu, Xiaodong] Renmin Univ China, Sch Econ, Mingde Bldg, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. RP Yan, L (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Yaogan Bldg,5 Yiheyuan Rd, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM xjing@pku.edu.cn; xshao@umd.edu; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; rdfxd@126.com; lyan@pku.edu.cn RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program FX This study is partially funded by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 30 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 17 DI 10.3390/rs8010017 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800015 ER PT J AU Mohammed, SS Heron, SF Mahabir, R Clarke, RM AF Mohammed, Shaazia S. Heron, Scott F. Mahabir, Rajindra Clarke, Ricardo M. TI Performance Evaluation of CRW Reef-Scale and Broad-Scale SST-Based Coral Monitoring Products in Fringing Reef Systems of Tobago SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; coral bleaching; sea surface temperature (SST); satellite remote sensing; NOAA Coral Reef Watch; Tobago; Caribbean ID IN-SITU; TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; VENEZUELA; CLIMATE; WATCH; SEA AB Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) is used to monitor coral bleaching through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Watch (CRW) Decision Support System (DSS). Since 2000, a broad-scale 50 km SST was used to monitor thermal stress for coral reefs globally. However, some discrepancies were noted when applied to small-scale fringing coral reefs. To address this, CRW created a new DSS, specifically targeted at or near reef scales. Here, we evaluated the new reef-scale (5 km resolution) products using in situ temperature data and coral bleaching surveys which were also compared with the heritage broad-scale (50 km) for three reefs (Buccoo Reef, Culloden and Speyside) of the southern Caribbean island of Tobago. Seasonal and annual biases indicated the new 5 km SST generally represents the conditions at these reefs more accurately and more consistently than the 50 km SST. Consistency between satellite and in situ temperature data influences the performance of anomaly-based predictions of bleaching: the 5 km DHW product showed better consistency with bleaching observations than the 50 km product. These results are the first to demonstrate the improvement of the 5 km products over the 50 km predecessors and support their use in monitoring thermal stress of reefs in the southern Caribbean. C1 [Mohammed, Shaazia S.; Clarke, Ricardo M.] Univ W Indies, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Environm Phys Lab, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci Technol & Engn, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mahabir, Rajindra] Univ W Indies, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Circular Rd, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP Mohammed, SS (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Environm Phys Lab, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. EM shaaziamohammed@hotmail.com; scott.heron@noaa.gov; rajendra.mahabir@sta.uwi.edu; ricardo.clarke@sta.uwi.edu RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine, in particular the Physics Department FX The first author would like to express gratitude to the University of the West Indies (UWI), St. Augustine, in particular the Physics Department, for the funding support to initiate the in situ monitoring program with special mention to Shazaad Ali-Shah and Sadira Khan for their assistance on the fieldtrips. Sincere thanks to the Tobago House of Assembly (THA) for permission to conduct fieldwork at all reef sites, in particular Buccoo Reef, a Marine Protected Area (MPA). The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.3390/rs8010012 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800013 ER PT J AU Obata, K Miura, T Yoshioka, H Huete, AR Vargas, M AF Obata, Kenta Miura, Tomoaki Yoshioka, Hiroki Huete, Alfredo R. Vargas, Marco TI Spectral Cross-Calibration of VIIRS Enhanced Vegetation Index with MODIS: A Case Study Using Year-Long Global Data SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE EVI; VIIRS; MODIS; spectral compatibility; cross-calibration; CMG data ID SURFACE REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE SENSORS; RESPONSE FUNCTION; EO-1 HYPERION; CLOUD MASK; S-NPP; NDVI; AVHRR; PERFORMANCE; CONTINUITY AB In this study, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was spectrally cross-calibrated with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) EVI using a year-long, global VIIRS-MODIS dataset at the climate modeling grid (CMG) resolution of 0.05 degrees-by-0.05 degrees. Our cross-calibration approach was to utilize a MODIS-compatible VIIRS EVI equation derived in a previous study [Obata et al., J. Appl. Remote Sens., vol.7, 2013] and optimize the coefficients contained in this EVI equation for global conditions. The calibrated/optimized MODIS-compatible VIIRS EVI was evaluated using another global VIIRS-MODIS CMG dataset of which acquisition dates did not overlap with those used in the calibration. The calibrated VIIRS EVI showed much higher compatibility with the MODIS EVI than the original VIIRS EVI, where the mean error (MODIS minus VIIRS) and the root mean square error decreased from -0.021 to -0.003 EVI units and from 0.029 to 0.020 EVI units, respectively. Error reductions on the calibrated VIIRS EVI were observed across nearly all view zenith and relative azimuth angle ranges, EVI dynamic range, and land cover types. The performance of the MODIS-compatible VIIRS EVI calibration appeared limited for high EVI values (i.e., EVI > 0.5) due likely to the maturity of the VIIRS dataset used in calibration/optimization. The cross-calibration methodology introduced in this study is expected to be useful for other spectral indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index and two-band EVI. C1 [Obata, Kenta] Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Res Inst Geol & Geoinformat, Cent 7,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Obata, Kenta; Miura, Tomoaki] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Yoshioka, Hiroki] Aichi Prefectural Univ, Dept Informat Sci & Technol, 1522-3 Ibara, Nagakute, Aichi 4801198, Japan. [Huete, Alfredo R.] Univ Technol Sydney, Plant Funct Biol & Climate Change Cluster, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Vargas, Marco] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Obata, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Res Inst Geol & Geoinformat, Cent 7,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.; Obata, K (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, 1910 East West Rd,Sherman 101, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kenta.obata@aist.go.jp; tomoakim@hawaii.edu; yoshioka@ist.aichi-pu.ac.jp; Alfredo.Huete@uts.edu.au; marco.vargas@noaa.gov RI Vargas, Marco/F-5629-2010; Obata, Kenta/M-5348-2016 OI Vargas, Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278; Obata, Kenta/0000-0002-6052-1401 FU NOAA JPSS; JSPS KAKENHI [15H02856] FX This work was supported by a NOAA JPSS contract (T.M.) and was partially supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15H02856 (H.Y.). NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 34 DI 10.3390/rs8010034 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500015 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Tremblay, D Zhang, B Han, Y AF Wang, Likun Tremblay, Denis Zhang, Bin Han, Yong TI Fast and Accurate Collocation of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Measurements with Cross-Track Infrared Sounder SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE VIIRS; CrIS; inter-calibration; collocation; cloud detection ID AIRS; SATELLITE; MODIS; IASI AB Given the fact that Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) are currently onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite and will continue to be carried on the same platform as future Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites for the next decade, it is desirable to develop a fast and accurate collocation scheme to collocate VIIRS products and measurements with CrIS for applications that rely on combining measurements from two sensors such as inter-calibration, geolocation assessment, and cloud detection. In this study, an accurate and fast collocation method to collocate VIIRS measurements within CrIS instantaneous field of view (IFOV) directly based on line-of-sight (LOS) pointing vectors is developed and discussed in detail. We demonstrate that this method is not only accurate and precise from a mathematical perspective, but also easy to implement computationally. More importantly, with optimization, this method is very fast and efficient and thus can meet operational requirements. Finally, this collocation method can be extended to a wide variety of sensors on different satellite platforms. C1 [Wang, Likun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tremblay, Denis] Sci Data Proc Inc, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Zhang, Bin] Earth Resource Technol Inc, 14401 Sweitzer Lane, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Han, Yong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wlikun@umd.edu; Denis.Tremblay@noaa.gov; Bin.Zhang@noaa.gov; Yong.Han@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 FU NOAA JPSS Program Office; NOAA (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC [NA14NES4320003] FX The VIIRS and CrIS data for this paper were downloaded at NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System. The AIRS data are available at NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The authors thank anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments for the study. This study is funded by the NOAA JPSS Program Office. Likun Wang is supported by NOAA grant NA14NES4320003 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the University of Maryland/ESSIC. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 76 DI 10.3390/rs8010076 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500005 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Cao, CY AF Wang, Wenhui Cao, Changyong TI Monitoring the NOAA Operational VIIRS RSB and DNB Calibration Stability Using Monthly and Semi-Monthly Deep Convective Clouds Time Series SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; calibration stability monitoring; deep convective clouds; reflective solar bands; visible near infrared bands; shortwave infrared bands; day-night-band ID SUOMI-NPP VIIRS; BAND; SATELLITE; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVALS; ATMOSPHERE; DESERT; TERRA; MODIS; AQUA AB The Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)/Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite provide sensor data records for the retrievals of many environment data records. It is critical to monitor the VIIRS long-term calibration stability to ensure quality EDR retrieval. This study investigates the radiometric calibration stability of the NOAA operational SNPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands (RSB) and Day-Night-Band (DNB) using Deep Convective Clouds (DCC). Monthly and semi-monthly DCC time series for 10 moderate resolution bands (M-bands, M1-M5 and M7-M11, March 2013-September 2015), DNB (March 2013-September 2015, low gain stage), and three imagery resolution bands (I-bands, I1-I3, January 2014-September 2015) were developed and analyzed for long-term radiometric calibration stability monitoring. Monthly DCC time series show that M5 and M7 are generally stable, with a stability of 0.4%. DNB has also been stable since May 2013, after its relative response function update, with a stability of 0.5%. The stabilities of M1-M4 are 0.6%-0.8%. Large fluctuations in M1-M4 DCC reflectance were observed since early 2014, correlated with F-factor (calibration coefficients) trend changes during the same period. The stabilities of M8-M11 are from 1.0% to 3.1%, comparable to the natural DCC variability at the shortwave infrared spectrum. DCC mean band ratio time series show that the calibration stabilities of I1-I3 follow closely with M5, M7, and M10. Relative calibration changes were observed in M1/M4 and M5/M7 DCC mean band ratio time series. The DCC time series are generally consistent with results from the VIIRS validation sites and VIIRS/MODIS (the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) simultaneous nadir overpass time series. Semi-monthly DCC time series for RSB M-bands and DNB were compared with monthly DCC time series. The results indicate that semi-monthly DCC time series are useful for stability monitoring at higher temporal resolution. C1 [Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resource Technol Inc, NCWCP, E-RA21,5830 Univ Res Ct,Suite 2664, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NCWCP, E-RA2,5830 Univ Res Ct,Suite 2730, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, WH (reprint author), Earth Resource Technol Inc, NCWCP, E-RA21,5830 Univ Res Ct,Suite 2664, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wenhui.wang@noaa.gov; changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012 FU JPSS program office FX This work is funded by the JPSS program office. The authors thank Slawomir Blonski for providing IDPS F-factor time series and Sirish Uprety for providing VIIRS-MODIS SNO-x time series. The authors would also like to thank GSICS vis/nir sub-group for kindly providing the Hu et al, (2004) Angular Distribution Model. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR 32 DI 10.3390/rs8010032 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8UF UT WOS:000369494500009 ER PT J AU Zhao, LL Xu, JJ Powell, AM Jiang, ZH Wang, DH AF Zhao, Lilong Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M. Jiang, Zhihong Wang, Donghai TI Use of SSU/MSU Satellite Observations to Validate Upper Atmospheric Temperature Trends in CMIP5 Simulations SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE climate change; SSU; MSU satellite observation; upper atmospheric temperature; CMIP5 simulation ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; LOW-TOP VERSIONS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE MODEL; DATA RECORDS; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; OZONE; MSU; CONSTRUCTION AB The tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends and uncertainties in the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model simulations in the period of 1979-2005 have been compared with satellite observations. The satellite data include those from the Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSU), Microwave Sounding Units (MSU), and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU). The results show that the CMIP5 model simulations reproduced the common stratospheric cooling (-0.46--0.95 K/decade) and tropospheric warming (0.05-0.19 K/decade) features although a significant discrepancy was found among the individual models being selected. The changes of global mean temperature in CMIP5 simulations are highly consistent with the SSU measurements in the stratosphere, and the temporal correlation coefficients between observation and model simulations vary from 0.6-0.99 at the 99% confidence level. At the same time, the spread of temperature mean in CMIP5 simulations increased from stratosphere to troposphere. Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that the temperature variability in the stratosphere is dominated by radioactive gases, volcanic events and solar forcing. Generally, the high-top models show better agreement with observations than the low-top model, especially in the lower stratosphere. The CMIP5 simulations underestimated the stratospheric cooling in the tropics and overestimated the cooling over the Antarctic compared to the satellite observations. The largest spread of temperature trends in CMIP5 simulations is seen in both the Arctic and Antarctic areas, especially in the stratospheric Antarctic. C1 [Zhao, Lilong; Jiang, Zhihong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Lilong; Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Global Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, Alfred M.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Global Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM zhaoyinuo8@gmail.com; jxu14@gmu.edu; al.powell@noaa.gov; zhjiang@nuist.edu.cn; d.wang@hotmail.com RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41230528, 41305039, 91537213, 41375047]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu province [1402166C]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX The SSU and MSU data sets were obtained from the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The first author was partially supported by a key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41230528, 41305039, 91537213, 41375047) and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu province (1402166C). The authors would like to thank these agencies for providing the data and funding support. Thanks to the four anonymous reviewers giving the good suggestions to improve the presentation of manuscripts. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 AR UNSP 13 DI 10.3390/rs8010013 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA DC8US UT WOS:000369495800010 ER PT J AU Jiang, NS Wang, JX Di, XY Cheung, J Zeng, WD Endoh, MK Koga, T Satija, SK AF Jiang, Naisheng Wang, Jiaxun Di, Xiaoyu Cheung, Justin Zeng, Wenduo Endoh, Maya K. Koga, Tadanori Satija, Sushil K. TI Nanoscale adsorbed structures as a robust approach for tailoring polymer film stability SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NONWETTING LIQUID-FILMS; THIN POLYSTYRENE FILMS; IRREVERSIBLE ADSORPTION; CHAIN ADSORPTION; PLANAR SURFACES; BULK SOLUTION; LAYERS; MELTS; INTERFACES; DYNAMICS AB The stability or wettability of thin polymer films on solids is of vital interest in traditional technologies as well as in new emerging nanotechnologies. We report here that nanoscale structures of polymer chains adsorbed onto a solid surface play a crucial role in the thermal stability of the film. In this study, polystyrene (PS) spin-cast films (20 nm in thickness) with eight different molecular weights prepared on silicon (Si) substrates were used as a model. When low molecular weight (M-w <= 50 kDa) PS films were subjected to thermal annealing at temperatures far above the bulk glass transition temperature, dewetting occurred promptly, while high molecular weight (M-w >= 123 kDa) PS films were stable for at least 6 weeks at 150 degrees C. We reveal a strong correlation between the film stability and the two different interfacial structures of the adsorbed polymer chains: their opposing wettability against chemically identical free polymer chains results in a wetting-dewetting transition at the adsorbed polymer-free polymer interface. This is a unique aspect of the stability of polymer thin films and may be generalizable to other polymer systems regardless of the magnitude of solid-polymer attractive interactions. C1 [Jiang, Naisheng; Wang, Jiaxun; Di, Xiaoyu; Zeng, Wenduo; Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Cheung, Justin; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010 FU NSF [CMMI-1332499]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Karin Jacobs for illuminating discussion. We thank Steve Bennett and Jean Jordan-Sweet for the XR measurements, Mitsunori Asada for the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, and Jonathan Sokolov for the contact angle experiments. T. K. acknowledges partial financial support from NSF Grant (CMMI-1332499). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1809 DI 10.1039/c5sm02435h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DD2KE UT WOS:000369750400017 PM 26685723 ER PT J AU Crandall, KL Market, PS Lupo, AR McCoy, LP Tillott, RJ Abraham, JJ AF Crandall, Katie L. Market, Patrick S. Lupo, Anthony R. McCoy, Laurel P. Tillott, Rachel J. Abraham, Justin J. TI The Application of Diabatic Heating in Q-Vectors for the Study of a North American Cyclone Event SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE BLOCKING; SYNOPTIC-SCALE INTERACTIONS; MERGER CYCLOGENESIS EVENT; 25-26 JANUARY 1978; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE; OMEGA-EQUATION; DIAGNOSIS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; ENSTROPHY AB An extended version of the Q-vector form for the Q-equation that includes diabatic (in particular latent) heating in the Q-vector itself is derived and tested for use in analyzing the life-cycle of a midlatitude cyclone that developed over the central United States during 24-26 December 2009. While the inclusion of diabatic heating in the Q-vector Q-equation is not unique to this work, the inclusion of diabatic heating in the Q-vector itself is a unique formulation. Here it is shown that the diabatic Q-vector gives a better representation of the forcing contributing to the life-cycle of the Christmas Storm of 2009 using analyses derived from the 80-km NAM. C1 [Crandall, Katie L.; Market, Patrick S.; Lupo, Anthony R.; McCoy, Laurel P.; Tillott, Rachel J.; Abraham, Justin J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 302 E ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Crandall, Katie L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 7220 NW 101st Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. [McCoy, Laurel P.] Natl Weather Serv Portland Weather Forecast Off, 5241 NE 122nd Ave, Portland, OR 97230 USA. [Abraham, Justin J.] Weather Channel, 300 Interstate North Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. RP Market, PS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, 302 E ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM marketp@missouri.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 2908423 DI 10.1155/2016/2908423 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD1QA UT WOS:000369695200001 ER PT J AU Werner, GR Uzdensky, DA Cerutti, B Nalewajko, K Begelman, MC AF Werner, G. R. Uzdensky, D. A. Cerutti, B. Nalewajko, K. Begelman, M. C. TI THE EXTENT OF POWER-LAW ENERGY SPECTRA IN COLLISIONLESS RELATIVISTIC MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN PAIR PLASMAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies: jets; gamma-ray burst: general; magnetic reconnection; pulsars: general; relativistic processes ID GAMMA-RAY FLARES; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; CRAB-NEBULA; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; NONTHERMAL PARTICLES; CURRENT SHEET; DISSIPATION; SIMULATIONS; BLAZARS; WIND AB Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we characterize the energy spectra of particles accelerated by relativistic magnetic reconnection (without guide field) in collisionless electron-positron plasmas, for a wide range of upstream magnetizations sigma and system sizes. L. The particle spectra are well-represented by a power law gamma(-alpha), with a combination of exponential and super-exponential high-energy cutoffs, proportional to sigma and L, respectively. For large L and sigma, the power-law index alpha approaches about 1.2. C1 [Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cerutti, B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nalewajko, K.; Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cerutti, B.] NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nalewajko, K.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nalewajko, K.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 391 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Werner, GR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Greg.Werner@colorado.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU DOE [DE-SC0008409, DE-SC0008655]; NASA [NNX12AP17G]; NSF [AST-1411879, 0171134, 0933959, 1041709, 1041710, CNS-0821794]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ACI-1053575]; University of Tennessee through the use of the Kraken computing resource at the National Institute for Computational Sciences; University of Colorado Boulder FX This work was supported by DOE grants DE-SC0008409 and DE-SC0008655, NASA grant NNX12AP17G, and NSF grant AST-1411879. Numerical simulations were made possible by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant number ACI-1053575-and in particular by the NSF under Grant numbers 0171134, 0933959, 1041709, and 1041710 and the University of Tennessee through the use of the Kraken computing resource at the National Institute for Computational Sciences (www.nics.tennessee.edu/). This work also used the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the NSF (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder; the Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. We gratefully acknowledge the developers responsible for the Vorpal code. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 816 IS 1 AR L8 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L8 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DC7AE UT WOS:000369369900008 ER PT J AU Nagamani, PV Ali, MM Goni, GJ Bhaskar, TVSU McCreary, JP Weller, RA Rajeevan, M Krishna, VVG Pezzullo, JC AF Nagamani, P. V. Ali, M. M. Goni, G. J. Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya McCreary, J. P. Weller, R. A. Rajeevan, M. Krishna, V. V. Gopala Pezzullo, J. C. TI Heat content of the Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool is increasing SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone heat potential; Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool; satellite altimetry; ocean heat content; all India monsoon rainfall ID SUMMER MONSOON SEASON; INDIAN-OCEAN; ONSET VORTEX; VARIABILITY; AEROSOLS; IMPACTS; CLIMATE AB Sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool has been suggested to be one of the factors that affects the Indian summer monsoon. In this paper, we analyze the annual ocean heat content (OHC) of this region during 1993-2010, using in situ data, satellite observations, and a model simulation. We find that OHC increases significantly in the region during this period relative to the north Indian Ocean, and propose that this increase could have caused the decrease in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall that occurred at the same time. C1 [Nagamani, P. V.; Ali, M. M.] ISRO, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Goni, G. J.] AOML, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Bhaskar, T. V. S. Udaya] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [McCreary, J. P.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weller, R. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rajeevan, M.] Minist Earth Sci, New Delhi, India. [Krishna, V. V. Gopala] Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India. [Pezzullo, J. C.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Ali, MM (reprint author), FSU, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM mmali110@gmail.com RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; , Ali/0000-0002-3821-6099 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1002/asl.596 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD2FE UT WOS:000369737200007 ER PT J AU Scaife, AA Karpechko, AY Baldwin, MP Brookshaw, A Butler, AH Eade, R Gordon, M MacLachlan, C Martin, N Dunstone, N Smith, D AF Scaife, A. A. Karpechko, A. Yu. Baldwin, M. P. Brookshaw, A. Butler, A. H. Eade, R. Gordon, M. MacLachlan, C. Martin, N. Dunstone, N. Smith, D. TI Seasonal winter forecasts and the stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seasonal forecast; NAO; stratosphere ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SUDDEN WARMINGS; PREDICTION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE; PREDICTABILITY; SYSTEMS AB We investigate seasonal forecasts of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and their relationship with the stratosphere. Climatological frequencies of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) and strong polar vortex (SPV) events are well represented and the predicted risk of events varies between 25 and 90% from winter to winter, indicating predictability beyond the deterministic range. The risk of SSW and SPV events relates to predicted NAO as expected, with NAO shifts of -6.5 and +4.8 hPa in forecast members containing SSW and SPV events. Most striking of all is that forecast skill of the surface winter NAO vanishes from these hind-casts if members containing SSW events are excluded. C1 [Scaife, A. A.; Brookshaw, A.; Eade, R.; Gordon, M.; MacLachlan, C.; Martin, N.; Dunstone, N.; Smith, D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Karpechko, A. Yu.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Baldwin, M. P.] Univ Exeter, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Butler, A. H.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Butler, A. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Scaife, AA (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM adam.scaife@metoffice.gov.uk RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; UK Public Weather Service research program; European Union; FMI's tenure track program; Academy of Finland [286298] FX This work was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), the UK Public Weather Service research program and the European Union Framework 7 SPECS project. The contribution of AYK is funded by FMI's tenure track program and the Academy of Finland under grant 286298. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1002/asl.598 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD2FE UT WOS:000369737200009 ER PT J AU Gajbhiye, S Meshram, C Singh, SK Srivastava, PK Islam, T AF Gajbhiye, Sarita Meshram, Chandrashekhar Singh, Sudhir Kumar Srivastava, Prashant K. Islam, Tanvir TI Precipitation trend analysis of Sindh River basin, India, from 102-year record (1901-2002) SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE trend analysis; change-point analysis; annual rainfall series; Sindh River basin ID RAINFALL; PERFORMANCE; CLIMATE; TESTS AB The study of long-term precipitation record is critically important for a country, whose food security and economy rely on the timely availability of water. In this study, the historical 102-year (1901-2002) rainfall data of the Sindh River basin (SRB), India, were analyzed for seasonal and annual trends. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope model were used to identify the trend and the magnitude of the change, respectively. Spatial interpolation technique such as Kriging was used for interpolating the spatial pattern over SRB in GIS environment. The analysis revealed the significantly increasing precipitation trend in both seasonal and annual rainfall in the span of 102 years. C1 [Gajbhiye, Sarita] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Water Resources Dev & Management, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Meshram, Chandrashekhar] RTM Nagpur Univ, Dept Math, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. [Singh, Sudhir Kumar] Univ Allahabad, K Banerjee Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, IIDS, Nehru Sci Ctr, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Banaras Hindu Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM prashant.k.srivastava@nasa.gov FU Department of Science and Technology, Government of India FX The first author would like to thanks the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for the financial support under the scheme Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE). The views expressed here are those of the authors solely and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA/NASA or the authors' affiliated institutions. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1002/asl.602 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD2FE UT WOS:000369737200012 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, A Hirawake, T Suzuki, K Eisner, L Imai, I Nishino, S Kikuchi, T Saitoh, SI AF Fujiwara, A. Hirawake, T. Suzuki, K. Eisner, L. Imai, I. Nishino, S. Kikuchi, T. Saitoh, S. -I. TI Influence of timing of sea ice retreat on phytoplankton size during marginal ice zone bloom period on the Chukchi and Bering shelves SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SPRING BLOOM; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITY; EDGE; ALGORITHM; PATTERNS AB The size structure and biomass of a phytoplankton community during the spring bloom period can affect the energy use of higher-trophic-level organisms through the predator-prey body size relationships. The timing of the sea ice retreat (TSR) also plays a crucial role in the seasonally ice-covered marine ecosystem, because it is tightly coupled with the timing of the spring bloom. Thus, it is important to monitor the temporal and spatial distributions of a phytoplankton community size structure. Prior to this study, an ocean colour algorithm was developed to derive phytoplankton size index F-L, which is defined as the ratio of chlorophyll a (chl a) derived from cells larger than 5 mu m to the total chl a, using satellite remote sensing for the Chukchi and Bering shelves. Using this method, we analysed the pixel-by-pixel relationships between F-L during the marginal ice zone (MIZ) bloom period and TSR over the period of 1998-2013. The influences of the TSR on the sea surface temperature (SST) and changes in ocean heat content (Delta OHC) during the MIZ bloom period were also investigated. A significant negative relationship between F-L and the TSR was widely found in the shelf region during the MIZ bloom season. However, we found a significant positive (negative) relationship between the SST (Delta OHC) and TSR. Specifically, an earlier sea ice retreat was associated with the dominance of larger phytoplankton during a colder and weakly stratified MIZ bloom season, suggesting that the duration of the nitrate supply, which is important for the growth of large-sized phytoplankton in this region (i.e. diatoms), can change according to the TSR. In addition, under-ice phytoplankton blooms are likely to occur in years with late ice retreat, because sufficient light for phytoplankton growth can pass through the ice and penetrate into the water columns as a result of an increase in solar radiation toward the summer solstice. Moreover, we found that both the length of the ice-free season and the annual median of F-L positively correlated with the annual net primary production (APP). Thus, both the phytoplankton community composition and growing season are important for the APP in the study area. Our findings showed a quantitative relationship between the interannual variability of F-L, the TSR, and the APP, which suggested that satellite remote sensing of the phytoplankton community size structure is suitable to document the impact of a recent rapid sea ice loss on the ecosystem of the study region. C1 [Fujiwara, A.; Nishino, S.; Kikuchi, T.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hirawake, T.; Imai, I.; Saitoh, S. -I.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, 3-1-1 Minatocho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Suzuki, K.] Hokkaido Univ, JST CREST, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Eisner, L.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA USA. RP Fujiwara, A (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. EM amane@jamstec.go.jp OI Suzuki, Koji/0000-0001-5354-1044 FU GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project; GCOM-C mission by JAXA FX We are grateful to the captains and crews of TR/S Oshoro-maru (Hokkaido University), R/V Mirai (JAM-STEC), R/V Dyson (NOAA, NMFS), and F/V Sea Storm for their kind support during our observations. We thank Dr. Jacqueline Grebmeier and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. We also thank Dr. Matsuoka for his valuable suggestions for the data analysis. We acknowledge the staffs of Global Ocean Development, Inc. and Marine Works Japan, Ltd. for their skilful work aboard the ship and the data analysis. Satellite data were provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC, NASA), Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PODAAC, NASA), and National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado. This study was funded by the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project and GCOM-C mission by JAXA. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.5194/bg-13-115-2016 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA DC9EN UT WOS:000369524000008 ER PT J AU Roch, MA Batchelor, H Baumann-Pickering, S Berchok, CL Cholewiak, D Fujioka, E Garland, EC Herbert, S Hildebrand, JA Oleson, EM Van Parijs, S Risch, D Sirovic, A Soldevilla, MS AF Roch, Marie A. Batchelor, Heidi Baumann-Pickering, Simone Berchok, Catherine L. Cholewiak, Danielle Fujioka, Ei Garland, Ellen C. Herbert, Sean Hildebrand, John A. Oleson, Erin M. Van Parijs, Sofie Risch, Denise Sirovic, Ana Soldevilla, Melissa S. TI Management of acoustic metadata for bioacoustics SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bioacoustics; Metadata; Call spatiotemporal database; Environmental data access ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; MARINE MAMMALS; BEAKED-WHALES; OBIS-SEAMAP; BLUE; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; ABUNDANCE; WHISTLES AB Recent expansion in the capabilities of passive acoustic monitoring of sound-producing animals is providing expansive data sets in many locations. These long-term data sets will allow the investigation of questions related to the ecology of sound-producing animals on time scales ranging from diel and seasonal to inter-annual and decadal. Analyses of these data often span multiple analysts from various research groups over several years of effort and, as a consequence, have begun to generate large amounts of scattered acoustic metadata. It has therefore become imperative to standardize the types of metadata being generated. A critical aspect of being able to learn from such large and varied acoustic data sets is providing consistent and transparent access that can enable the integration of various analysis efforts. This is juxtaposed with the need to include new information for specific research questions that evolve over time. Hence, a method is proposed for organizing acoustic metadata that addresses many of the problems associated with the retention of metadata from large passive acoustic data sets. A structure was developed for organizing acoustic metadata in a consistent manner, specifying required and optional terms to describe acoustic information derived from a recording. A client-server database was created to implement this data representation as a networked data service that can be accessed from several programming languages. Support for data import from a wide variety of sources such as spreadsheets and databases is provided. The implementation was extended to access Internet-available data products, permitting access to a variety of environmental information types (e.g. sea surface temperature, sunrise/sunset, etc.) from a wide range of sources as if they were part of the data service. This metadata service is in use at several institutions and has been used to track and analyze millions of acoustic detections from marine mammals, fish, elephants, and anthropogenic sound sources. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). C1 [Roch, Marie A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Batchelor, Heidi; Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Herbert, Sean; Hildebrand, John A.; Sirovic, Ana] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Berchok, Catherine L.; Cholewiak, Danielle; Garland, Ellen C.; Oleson, Erin M.; Van Parijs, Sofie; Risch, Denise; Soldevilla, Melissa S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fujioka, Ei] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, POB 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Roch, MA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM marie.roch@sdsu.edu FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program [N00014-11-1-0697]; United States Navy Living Marine Resources Program [N00014-15-1-2299] FX The authors wish to thank Katie Sieving, Rebecca Trout Fryxell, and the anonymous reviewers whose comments enhanced the clarity of this manuscript. We thank Daniel Hwang for his contributions to earlier versions of the workbench implementation, Lisa Munger for contributions to the schemata discussions and early prototypes of some of the visualization modules, Karlina Merkens for her assistance in developing standards for call names, and members of the Scripps Whale Acoustics Lab for being early adopters of the Tethys Metadata Workbench. Funding for this project was provided by The National Oceanographic Partnership Program, award N00014-11-1-0697 (The Office of Naval Research, Michael Weise, and The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Jill Lewandowski and Jim Price) and The United States Navy Living Marine Resources Program, award N00014-15-1-2299 (Anu Kumar). NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 BP 122 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.12.002 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC8LP UT WOS:000369471400013 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Zhizhin, M Baugh, K Hsu, FC Ghosh, T AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Zhizhin, Mikhail Baugh, Kimberly Hsu, Feng-Chi Ghosh, Tilottama TI Methods for Global Survey of Natural Gas Flaring from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Data SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS); Nightfire; gas flaring; carbon intensity; carbon dioxide emissions AB A set of methods are presented for the global survey of natural gas flaring using data collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The accuracy of the flared gas volume estimates is rated at +/- 9.5%. VIIRS is particularly well suited for detecting and measuring the radiant emissions from gas flares through the collection of shortwave and near-infrared data at night, recording the peak radiant emissions from flares. In 2012, a total of 7467 individual flare sites were identified. The total flared gas volume is estimated at 143 (+/- 13.6) billion cubic meters (BCM), corresponding to 3.5% of global production. While the USA has the largest number of flares, Russia leads in terms of flared gas volume. Ninety percent of the flared gas volume was found in upstream production areas, 8% at refineries and 2% at liquified natural gas (LNG) terminals. The results confirm that the bulk of natural gas flaring occurs in upstream production areas. VIIRS data can provide site-specific tracking of natural gas flaring for use in evaluating efforts to reduce and eliminate routine flaring. C1 [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail; Baugh, Kimberly; Hsu, Feng-Chi; Ghosh, Tilottama] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail] Russian Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; mikhail.zhizhin@noaa.gov; kim.baugh@noaa.gov; feng.c.hsu@noaa.gov; tilottama.ghosh@noaa.gov FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS); World Bank Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR) FX This study was jointly funded by the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) proving ground program and the World Bank Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR). Calibration data were provided by Cedigaz. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 AR 14 DI 10.3390/en9010014 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA DC8WV UT WOS:000369501500004 ER PT J AU Gardner, JV Armstrong, AA Calder, BR AF Gardner, James V. Armstrong, Andrew A. Calder, Brian R. TI Hatteras Transverse Canyon, Hatteras Outer Ridge and environs of the US Atlantic margin: A view from multibeam bathymetry and backscatter SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hatteras Transverse Canyon; Hatteras Outer Ridge; Upper Hatteras Fan; Cyclic steps; Knickpoints; Landslides ID CONTINENTAL RISE HILLS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; CAPE HATTERAS; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; CONTOUR CURRENTS; CYCLIC STEPS; MORPHOLOGY; SLOPE AB Previously unknown features in Hatteras Transverse Canyon and environs were recently mapped during multibeam surveys of almost the entire eastern U.S. Atlantic continental margin. The newly identified features include (1) extensive landslide scarps on the walls of Hatteras Transverse and Hatteras Canyons, (2) an area of multiple landslide deposits that block lower Hatteras Transverse Canyon, (3) a large depositional feature down-canyon from the landslide deposits that rises 100 m above the uppermost Hatteras Fan and has buried the transition from the mouth of Hatteras Transverse Canyon to uppermost Hatteras Fan, (4) a zone of cyclic steps on upper Hatteras Fan that suggests supercritical turbidity currents performed a series of hydraulic jumps and formed large upstream-migrating bedforms, (5) several knickpoints in the channel thalwegs of both Hatteras Transverse Canyon and Hatteras Canyon, one 40 m high, that suggest both canyon channels are out of equilibrium and are in the process of readjusting, either to the channel blockage by the extensive landslide deposits or by a readjustments to increased sedimentation during the last eustatic lowstand, (6) a large area of outcrop on the lower margin between Pamlico and Hatteras Canyons that previously was interpreted as an area of slumps, blocky slide debris and mud waves, (7) headward erosion in the head region of Hatteras Transverse Canyon where it has intercepted the lowest reaches of Albemarle Canyon channel as well as headward erosion in a small side channel that has eroded into Hatteras Outer Ridge and (8) sections of bedforms on Hatteras Outer Ridge that are partially buried by sediment from Washington-Norfolk Canyon channel as well as by sediment transported from Hatteras Abyssal Plain. The newly discovered features add a new level of detail to understand the recent processes that have profoundly affected Hatteras Transverse Canyon, Hatteras Canyon and, to a lesser degree, Hatteras Outer Ridge. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gardner, James V.; Armstrong, Andrew A.; Calder, Brian R.] Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gardner, JV (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jim.ardner@unh.edu; andya@ccomunh.edu; brc@ccom.unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17OG2285, NA05NOS4001153, NA10NOS4000073] FX This study was inspired by the seminal work by Peter A. Rona on Hatteras Transverse Canyon and Hatteras Outer Ridge. Peter had an amazing grasp of the bathymetry and processes of these two features that he visualized from sparse, poorly navigated and often very noisy single-beam data. It is a tribute to Peter that the general bathymetry of these features are as he described them almost 60 years ago. We acknowledge the extraordinary help and cooperation of the officers and crews of the USNS Pathfinder, RV Roger Revelle and NOAA Ship Ron Brown who helped us collect the multibeam and subbottom data. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grants NA17OG2285, NA05NOS4001153 and NA10NOS4000073 supported this work. All three cruises were in support of bathymetry mapping for the U.S. Law of the Sea Extended Continental Shelf efforts. The bathymetry and backscatter data and several images generated from the multibeam data are available at http://www.ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/atlantic-margin. All the data are also available at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly NOAA NGDC). We appreciate the thoughtful and constructive reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript by Larry A. Mayer, Michael E. Field and two anonymous reviewers that lead to substantial improvements. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 371 BP 18 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2015.10.015 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA DC8DT UT WOS:000369450800002 ER PT J AU Brennan, ML Davis, D Ballard, RD Trembanis, AC Vaughn, JI Krumholz, JS Delgado, JP Roman, CN Smart, C Bell, KLC Duman, M DuVal, C AF Brennan, Michael. L. Davis, Dan Ballard, Robert D. Trembanis, Arthur C. Vaughn, J. Ian Krumholz, Jason S. Delgado, James P. Roman, Christopher N. Smart, Clara Bell, Katherine L. C. Duman, Muhammet DuVal, Carter TI Quantification of bottom trawl fishing damage to ancient shipwreck sites SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trawling; Shipwrecks; Black Sea; Aegean Sea; Artificial reefs; Seabed morphology ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; BLACK-SEA; IMPACTS; FISHERIES; SONAR; CLASSIFICATION; PRESERVATION; SPILLOVER; RECOVERY; HABITAT AB Bottom trawl fishing presents a severe yet largely unquantified threat to shipwreck sites. Here we present a quantification of damage to sites from the Aegean and Black seas through high resolution imaging of 45 shipwrecks discovered by the EN Nautilus expeditions, 2009-2012. These shipwrecks are part of a modern submarine landscape that is heavily damaged by trawls, which also remove sediment and smooth out natural features of the seabed. We quantify the severity of this threat to archaeological sites through repeat visits to one ancient shipwreck and quantify the change to the seabed over a period of eleven months. The results illustrate the benefits of enforced areas of restricted bottom trawling (Marine Protected Areas) to the in situ preservation of shipwreck sites and to natural seabed features and benthic habitats. Careful marine spatial planning and coordinated management of fishing activity can mitigate this destructive activity. In addition, we counter the claim made by some commercial salvors who use trawl damage as an excuse to salvage artifacts from wrecks, further destroying historically significant sites for profit. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brennan, Michael. L.; Ballard, Robert D.; Roman, Christopher N.; Bell, Katherine L. C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Brennan, Michael. L.; Ballard, Robert D.; Bell, Katherine L. C.] Ocean Explorat Trust, Old Lyme, CT 06371 USA. [Davis, Dan] Luther Coll, Dept Class, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. [Trembanis, Arthur C.; DuVal, Carter] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Vaughn, J. Ian; Roman, Christopher N.; Smart, Clara] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Krumholz, Jason S.] NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Stamford, CT 06904 USA. [Delgado, James P.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Duman, Muhammet] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. RP Brennan, ML (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM mlbrennan@mail.uri.edu OI Brennan, Michael/0000-0002-8956-8692 FU NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research [NA11OAR4600060, NA11OAR4600071, NA08OAR4600534, NA10OAR4600127]; Expedition Council of the National Geographic Society; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0301] FX This work was conducted under Marine Scientific Research permits from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey numbered 2011/DHGY/7124361 and 2012/DHGY/5852515, and supported by grants from NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (NA11OAR4600060, NA11OAR4600071, NA08OAR4600534, NA10OAR4600127), the Expedition Council of the National Geographic Society, and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-07-1-0301). The authors wish to thank the Ocean Exploration Trust and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as Tufan Turanli, Alexis Catsambis, and Heather Pringle. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 371 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2015.11.001 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA DC8DT UT WOS:000369450800006 ER PT J AU Bryan, S Ade, P Amiri, M Benton, S Bihary, R Bock, J Bond, JR Chiang, HC Contaldi, C Crill, B Dore, O Elder, B Filippini, J Fraisse, A Gambrel, A Gandilo, N Gudmundsson, J Hasselfield, M Halpern, M Hilton, G Holmes, W Hristov, V Irwin, K Jones, W Kermish, Z Lawrie, C MacTavish, C Mason, P Megerian, K Moncelsi, L Montroy, T Morford, T Nagy, J Netterfield, CB Padilla, I Rahlin, AS Reintsema, C Riley, DC Ruhl, J Runyan, M Saliwanchik, B Shariff, J Soler, J Trangsrud, A Tucker, C Tucker, R Turner, A Wen, S Wiebe, D Young, E AF Bryan, Sean Ade, Peter Amiri, Mandana Benton, Steven Bihary, Richard Bock, James Bond, J. Richard Chiang, H. Cynthia Contaldi, Carlo Crill, Brendan Dore, Olivier Elder, Benjamin Filippini, Jeffrey Fraisse, Aurelien Gambrel, Anne Gandilo, Natalie Gudmundsson, Jon Hasselfield, Matthew Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Holmes, Warren Hristov, Viktor Irwin, Kent Jones, William Kermish, Zigmund Lawrie, Craig MacTavish, Carrie Mason, Peter Megerian, Krikor Moncelsi, Lorenzo Montroy, Thomas Morford, Tracy Nagy, Johanna Netterfield, C. Barth Padilla, Ivan Rahlin, Alexandra S. Reintsema, Carl Riley, Daniel C. Ruhl, John Runyan, Marcus Saliwanchik, Benjamin Shariff, Jamil Soler, Juan Trangsrud, Amy Tucker, Carole Tucker, Rebecca Turner, Anthony Wen, Shyang Wiebe, Donald Young, Edward TI A cryogenic rotation stage with a large clear aperture for the half-wave plates in the Spider instrument SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRY; POLARIZATION; SYSTEMATICS AB We describe the cryogenic half-wave plate rotation mechanisms built for and used in SPIDER., a polarization-sensitive balloon-borne telescope array that observed the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz and 150 GHz during a stratospheric balloon flight from Antarctica in January 2015. The mechanisms operate at liquid helium temperature in flight. A three-point contact design keeps the mechanical bearings relatively small but allows for a large (305 mm) diameter clear aperture. A worm gear driven by a cryogenic stepper motor allows for precise positioning and prevents undesired rotation when the motors are depowered. A custom-built optical encoder system monitors the bearing angle to an absolute accuracy of +/-0.1 degrees. The system performed well in SPIDER. during its successful 16 day flight. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bryan, Sean] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ade, Peter; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, Mandana; Halpern, Mark; Wiebe, Donald] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Benton, Steven; Fraisse, Aurelien; Gambrel, Anne; Gudmundsson, Jon; Jones, William; Kermish, Zigmund; Rahlin, Alexandra S.; Young, Edward] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Benton, Steven; Netterfield, C. Barth; Padilla, Ivan; Shariff, Jamil] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Bihary, Richard; Elder, Benjamin; Lawrie, Craig; Montroy, Thomas; Nagy, Johanna; Riley, Daniel C.; Ruhl, John; Saliwanchik, Benjamin; Shariff, Jamil; Wen, Shyang] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bihary, Richard; Elder, Benjamin; Lawrie, Craig; Montroy, Thomas; Nagy, Johanna; Riley, Daniel C.; Ruhl, John; Saliwanchik, Benjamin; Shariff, Jamil; Wen, Shyang] Case Western Reserve Univ, CERCA, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bock, James; Crill, Brendan; Dore, Olivier; Hristov, Viktor; Mason, Peter; Moncelsi, Lorenzo; Morford, Tracy; Trangsrud, Amy; Tucker, Rebecca] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, James; Crill, Brendan; Dore, Olivier; Holmes, Warren; Megerian, Krikor; Runyan, Marcus; Trangsrud, Amy; Turner, Anthony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bond, J. Richard] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Chiang, H. Cynthia] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Contaldi, Carlo] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Theoret Phys, London, England. [Filippini, Jeffrey] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gandilo, Natalie; Netterfield, C. Barth] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, Gene; Reintsema, Carl] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [MacTavish, Carrie] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England. [Netterfield, C. Barth] CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Soler, Juan] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. RP Bryan, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM sean.a.bryan@asu.edu OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU U.S. by National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Science Mission Directorate [NNX07AL64G, NNX12AE95G]; NESSF [NNX10AM55H]; National Science Foundation [PLR-1043515]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Sciences and Engineering Council; Canadian Space Agency FX SPIDER is supported in the U.S. by National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant Nos. NNX07AL64G and NNX12AE95G issued through the Science Mission Directorate, with support for A.S.R. from NESSF NNX10AM55H, and by the National Science Foundation through No. PLR-1043515. Logistical support for the Antarctic deployment and operations was provided by the NSF through the U.S. Antarctic Program. The collaboration is grateful for the generous support of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, which has been crucial to the success of the project.; Support in Canada is provided by the National Sciences and Engineering Council and the Canadian Space Agency. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1063/1.4939435 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DC7WH UT WOS:000369430900033 PM 26827333 ER PT J AU Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Martin, Joshua Nolas, George S. TI Apparatus for the measurement of electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials between 300 K and 12 K SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We have developed a custom apparatus for the consecutive measurement of the electrical resistivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the thermal conductivity of materials between 300 K and 12 K. These three transport properties provide for a basic understanding of the thermal and electrical properties of materials. They are of fundamental importance in identifying and optimizing new materials for thermoelectric applications. Thermoelectric applications include waste heat recovery for automobile engines and industrial power generators, solid-state refrigeration, and remote power generation for sensors and space probes. The electrical resistivity is measured using a four-probe bipolar technique, the Seebeck coefficient is measured using the quasi-steady-state condition of the differential method in a 2-probe arrangement, and the thermal conductivity is measured using a longitudinal, multiple gradient steady-state technique. We describe the instrumentation and the measurement uncertainty associated with each transport property, each of which is presented with representative measurement comparisons using round robin samples and/or certified reference materials. Transport properties data from this apparatus have supported the identification, development, and phenomenological understanding of novel thermoelectric materials. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Martin, Joshua] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Joshua; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu FU University of South Florida FX The authors wish to acknowledge the University of South Florida for the major support in establishing the instrumentation described herein through start-up funds for GSN. The authors thank T. M. Tritt of Clemson University for useful discussions during initial equipment setup. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 1 AR 015105 DI 10.1063/1.4939555 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DC7WH UT WOS:000369430900051 PM 26827351 ER PT J AU Nykaza, JR Ye, YS Nelson, RL Jackson, AC Beyer, FL Davis, EM Page, K Sharick, S Winey, KI Elabd, YA AF Nykaza, Jacob R. Ye, Yuesheng Nelson, Rachel L. Jackson, Aaron C. Beyer, Frederick L. Davis, Eric M. Page, Kirt Sharick, Sharon Winey, Karen I. Elabd, Yossef A. TI Polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymers: impact of water/ion clustering on ion conductivity SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; NAFION; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; ENHANCEMENT; IONOMER AB Herein, we examine the synergistic impact of both ion clustering and block copolymer morphology on ion conductivity in two polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) diblock copolymers with similar chemistries but different side alkyl spacer chain lengths (ethyl versus undecyl). When saturated in liquid water, water/ion clusters were observed only in the PIL block copolymer with longer alkyl side chains (undecyl) as evidenced by both small-angle neutron scattering and intermediate-angle X-ray scattering, i.e., water/ion clusters form within the PIL microdomain under these conditions. The resulting bromide ion conductivity in the undecyl sample was higher than the ethyl sample (14.0 mS cm(-1) versus 6.1 mS cm(-1) at 50 degrees C in liquid water) even though both samples had the same block copolymer morphology (lamellar) and the undecyl sample had a lower ion exchange capacity (0.9 meq g(-1) versus 1.4 meq g(-1)). No water/ion clusters were observed in either sample under high humidity or dry conditions. The resulting ion conductivity in the undecyl sample with lamellar morphology was significantly higher in the liquid water saturated state compared to the high humidity state (14.0 mS cm(-1) versus 4.2 mS cm(-1)), whereas there was no difference in ion conductivity in the ethyl sample when comparing these two states. These results show that small chemical changes to ion-containing block copolymers can induce water/ion clusters within block copolymer microdomains and this can subsequently have a significant effect on ion transport. C1 [Nykaza, Jacob R.; Ye, Yuesheng; Nelson, Rachel L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Jackson, Aaron C.; Beyer, Frederick L.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Davis, Eric M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Page, Kirt] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharick, Sharon; Winey, Karen I.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Elabd, Yossef A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Elabd, YA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM elabd@tamu.edu RI Elabd, Yossef/G-9866-2014 OI Elabd, Yossef/0000-0002-7790-9445 FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-14-0310, W911NF-07-1-0452, W911NF-13-1-0363]; Nanotechnology Institute [NTI 1001-037]; National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP); USARL FX The research at Drexel University and Texas A&M University was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant no. W911NF-14-0310, W911NF-07-1-0452 and the Nanotechnology Institute under grant no. NTI 1001-037. The research at NIST was supported in part by the National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program (RAP). The research at USARL was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USARL. The research at the University of Pennsylvania was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant no. W911NF-13-1-0363. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1144 DI 10.1039/c5sm02053k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA DD2JF UT WOS:000369747900017 PM 26575014 ER PT J AU Coopersmith, EJ Cosh, MH Bell, JE Crow, WT AF Coopersmith, E. J. Cosh, M. H. Bell, J. E. Crow, W. T. TI Multi-Profile Analysis of Soil Moisture within the US Climate Reference Network SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE COLLOCATION; CALIBRATION AB Soil moisture estimates are crucial for hydrologic modeling and agricultural decision-support efforts. These measurements are also pivotal for long-term inquiries regarding the impacts of climate change and the resulting droughts over large spatial and temporal scales. However, it has only been the past decade during which ground-based soil moisture sensory resources have become sufficient to tackle these important challenges. Despite this progress, random and systematic errors remain in ground-based soil moisture observations. Such errors must be quantified (and/or adequately minimized) before such observations can be used with full confidence. In response, this paper calibrates and analyzes US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) profile estimates at each of three sensors collocated at each USCRN location. With each USCRN location consisting of three independent, Hydraprobe measurements, triple collocation analysis of these sensory triads reveals the random error associated with this particular sensing technology in each individual location. This allows quantification of the accuracy of these individual profiles, the random errors associated with these measurements in different geographic locations, and offers the potential for more adept quality control procedures in near real time. Averaged over USCRN gauge locations nationally, this random error is determined to be approximately 0.012 m(3)/m(3). C1 [Coopersmith, E. J.; Cosh, M. H.; Crow, W. T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bell, J. E.] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Bell, J. E.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Coopersmith, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ecooper2@gmail.com FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800)795-3272 (voice) or (202)720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 15 IS 1 DI 10.2136/vzj2015.01.0016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA DC6DE UT WOS:000369309200001 ER PT J AU Welch, DA Woehl, TJ Park, C Faller, R Evans, JE Browning, ND AF Welch, David A. Woehl, Taylor J. Park, Chiwoo Faller, Roland Evans, James E. Browning, Nigel D. TI Understanding the Role of Solvation Forces on the Preferential Attachment of Nanoparticles in Liquid SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; in situ microscopy; nanoparticles; attachment ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ORIENTED-ATTACHMENT; METAL NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSTRUCTURES; MECHANISMS; NUCLEATION; CATALYSIS AB Optimization of colloidal nanoparticle synthesis techniques requires an understanding of underlying particle growth mechanisms. Nonclassical growth mechanisms are particularly important as they affect nanoparticle, size and shape distributions, which in turn influence functional properties. For example, preferential attachment of nanoparticles is known to lead to the formation of mesocrystals, although the formation mechanism is currently not well-understood: Here we employ in situ liquid cell scanning transmission electron microscopy and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to demonstrate that the experimentally observed preference for end-to-end attachment, of silver nanorods is a result of weaker solvation forces occurring at rod ends. SMD reveals that when the side of a nanorod approaches another rod, perturbation in the surface-bound water, at the nanorod surface creates significant energy barriers to attachment. Additionally, rod morphology (i.e., facet shape) effects can explain the majority of the side attachment effects that are observed experimentally. C1 [Welch, David A.; Woehl, Taylor J.; Faller, Roland] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Park, Chiwoo] Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Evans, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Browning, Nigel D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Computat Sci Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Woehl, Taylor J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Welch, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dawelch@ucdavis.edu FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) through the University of California at Davis [DE-FG02-03ER46057]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program: Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility - DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Science Foundation [NSF-1334012] FX We thank C. Mundy for helpful comments on the draft manuscript. This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46057 through the University of California at Davis, the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program: Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The development of the single particle tracking algorithm was supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF-1334012. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b06632 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DC3JO UT WOS:000369115800017 PM 26588243 ER PT J AU Karamanlidis, AA Gaughran, S Aguilar, A Dendrinos, P Huber, D Pires, R Schultz, J Skrbinsek, T Amato, G AF Karamanlidis, Alexandros A. Gaughran, Stephen Aguilar, Alex Dendrinos, Panagiotis Huber, Djuro Pires, Rosa Schultz, Jennifer Skrbinsek, Tomaz Amato, George TI Shaping species conservation strategies using mtDNA analysis: The case of the elusive Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Critically endangered species management; Conservation; Monachus monachus; Greece; Mitochondrial DNA; Control region ID LOW GENETIC-VARIABILITY; CABO BLANCO PENINSULA; CONTROL-REGION; FUR-SEAL; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE VARIATION; ACINONYX-JUBATUS; WESTERN SAHARA; DIVERSITY AB Halting biodiversity loss is one of the major conservation challenges of our time and science-based conservation actions are required to safeguard the survival of endangered species. However the establishment of effective conservation strategies may be hampered by inherent difficulties of studying elusive animals. We used analysis of control region sequences to obtain baseline information on the genetic diversity and population structure and history of the elusive and critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal that will help define an effective conservation strategy for the species. We analyzed 165 samples collected throughout the entire extant range of the species and identified 5 haplotypes. Based on levels of genetic diversity (haplotypic diversity: 0.03; variable sites: 0.6%) the Mediterranean monk seal appears to be one of the most genetically depauperate mammals on Earth. We identified three genetically distinct monk seal subpopulations: one in the north Atlantic [Cabo Blanco vs. Aegean Sea (F-ST = 0.733; P = 0.000); Cabo Blanco vs. Ionian Sea (F-ST = 0.925; P = 0.000)] and two in the Mediterranean, one in the Ionian and another one in the Aegean Sea (Ionian vs. Aegean Sea F-ST = 0:577; P = 0.000). Results indicate a recent divergence and short evolutionary history of the extant Mediterranean monk seal subpopulations. Based on the results we recommend continuation of the monitoring efforts for the species and systematic collection of genetic samples and storage in dedicated sample banks. On a management level we argue that, based on genetic evidence, it is justified to manage the Atlantic and Mediterranean monk seal subpopulations as two separate management units. In Greece, the existence of two subpopulations should guide efforts for the establishment of a network of protected areas and identify the monitoring of habitat availability and suitability as an important conservation priority. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Karamanlidis, Alexandros A.; Dendrinos, Panagiotis] MOm Hellen Soc Study & Protect Monk Seal, Solomou 18, Athens 10682, Greece. [Gaughran, Stephen; Amato, George] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, Cent Pk West 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Gaughran, Stephen] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LA, Fife, Scotland. [Aguilar, Alex] Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol & IRBio, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Huber, Djuro] Univ Zagreb, Fac Vet, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Pires, Rosa] Parque Nat Madeira, 9050 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. [Schultz, Jennifer] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Skrbinsek, Tomaz] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, Vecna Pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Karamanlidis, AA (reprint author), MOm Hellen Soc Study & Protect Monk Seal, Solomou 18, Athens 10682, Greece. EM akaramanlidis@gmail.com RI Huber, Djuro/P-3493-2016 FU LIFE Nature projects [LIFE05NAT/GR/000083, LIFE12NAT/GR/000688, B4-3200/94/0000/D2, B4-3200/96/510]; Marine Mammal Commission of the U.S.A. [E4061725]; Sea Mammal Research Unit at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland; AMNH Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics FX We would like to thank Eugenia Androukaki and Marianna Psaradellis in Greece, Teresa Pastor, Esteve Grau, Manel Gazo, Enric Badosa, Jaume Forcada, Roser Samarach and the rest of the fieldwork team who worked in Cabo Blanco, and Jasna Antolovic and the Monk Seal Group in Croatia for their assistance in the collection of samples. We also would like to thank Marcel Clusa for help in sample processing and preparation, Alexandra DeCandia and Emily Lipstein for help with DNA extraction and Trevor Spradlin for help in obtaining the necessary CITES permits in the U.S.A. We thank DNA Sequencing & Services (MRCPPU, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, www.dnaseq.co.uk) for DNA sequencing. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the research permits (92705/770/09-03-05 and 86286/340/31-01-07) issued by the Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food. Financial support for the collection and analysis of the samples was provided in Greece partially by the LIFE Nature projects LIFE05NAT/GR/000083 and "Cyclades LIFE: Integrated monk seal conservation in Northern Cyclades" (LIFE12NAT/GR/000688), in Cabo Blanco by the LIFE Nature projects B4-3200/94/0000/D2 and B4-3200/96/510, while financial support for sample collection and the laboratory and data analysis was provided by a research grant (Grant Nr.: E4061725) from the Marine Mammal Commission of the U.S.A. to MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk Seal. Financial and logistic support was provided by the Sea Mammal Research Unit at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, and the AMNH Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics. Four anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 193 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.11.014 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC1GB UT WOS:000368963700008 ER PT J AU Turi, G Lachkar, Z Gruber, N Nunnich, M AF Turi, G. Lachkar, Z. Gruber, N. Nuennich, M. TI Climatic modulation of recent trends in ocean acidification in the California Current System SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE California Current System; ocean acidification; coastal ocean modeling; hindcast simulation ID INORGANIC CARBON SYSTEM; SEA CO2 FLUXES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; COASTAL; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; SURFACE AB We reconstruct the evolution of ocean acidification in the California Current System (CalCS) from 1979 through 2012 using hindcast simulations with an eddy-resolving ocean biogeochemical model forced with observation-based variations of wind and fluxes of heat and freshwater. We find that domain-wide pH and Omega(arag) in the top 60 m of the water column decreased significantly over these three decades by about -0.02 decade(-1) and -0.12 decade(-1), respectively. In the nearshore areas of northern California and Oregon, ocean acidification is reconstructed to have progressed much more rapidly, with rates up to 30% higher than the domain-wide trends. Furthermore, ocean acidification penetrated substantially into the thermocline, causing a significant domain-wide shoaling of the aragonite saturation depth of on average -33 m decade(-1) and up to -50 m decade(-1) in the nearshore area of northern California. This resulted in a coast-wide increase in nearly undersaturated waters and the appearance of waters with Omega(arag) < 1, leading to a substantial reduction of habitat suitability. Averaged over the whole domain, the main driver of these trends is the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. However, recent changes in the climatic forcing have substantially modulated these trends regionally. This is particularly evident in the nearshore regions, where the total trends in pH are up to 50% larger and trends in Omega(arag) and in the aragonite saturation depth are even twice to three times larger than the purely atmospheric CO2-driven trends. This modulation in the nearshore regions is a result of the recent marked increase in alongshore wind stress, which brought elevated levels of dissolved inorganic carbon to the surface via upwelling. Our results demonstrate that changes in the climatic forcing need to be taken into consideration in future projections of the progression of ocean acidification in coastal upwelling regions. C1 [Turi, G.; Lachkar, Z.; Gruber, N.; Nuennich, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Turi, G.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turi, G.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lachkar, Z.] New York Univ, Ctr Prototype Climate Modeling, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Turi, G (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. EM giuliana.turi@env.ethz.ch RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310 FU ETH Zurich; EU CARBOCHANGE from European Commission [264879]; EU GEOCARBON from European Commission [283080] FX This research was funded by ETH Zurich and through the EU FP7 projects CARBOCHANGE and GEOCARBON, which received financial support from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no 264879 and 283080, respectively. The simulations in this study were performed largely by Damian Loher, whose assistance and support we are very thankful for, at the central computing clusters Brutus and Euler of ETH Zurich. The ERA-Interim reanalysis data used in this study were downloaded from the ECMWF Data Server (http://ecmwf.int/en/research/climatereanalysis/ERA-interim) and the CCMP wind speed data were obtained from NASA's Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/Cross-Calibrated_MultiPlatform_OceanSurfaceW indVectorAnalyses). We are grateful to M Garcia-Reyes for sharing the buoy measurements that we used for our model evaluation and which were obtained from NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (http://ndbc.noaa.gov/). The PDO index monthly time series was downloaded from the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and the Ocean (http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/). NR 85 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 11 IS 1 AR 014007 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014007 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB8YT UT WOS:000368803800010 ER PT J AU Mensch, AE Thole, KA AF Mensch, Amy E. Thole, Karen A. TI Effects of non-axisymmetric endwall contouring and film cooling on the passage flowfield in a linear turbine cascade SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; STATOR VANE; FLOW; REGION AB The time-resolved flowfield is measured in the passage of a linear turbine cascade to show the effects of endwall film cooling and non-axisymmetric endwall contouring on the passage secondary flows. A particle image velocimetry system is used in three measurement planes: the plane at the exit of the passage and two streamwise planes along the blade suction side. In the downstream half of the passage, the passage vortex moves away from the endwall toward the midspan, but closely follows the profile of the blade suction side. The secondary velocity vectors and vorticity fields in the passage exit plane indicate the large size of the passage vortex. The measured velocities in the streamwise measurement planes reveal the trajectory of the passage vortex as well as steep gradients in the direction normal to the blade surface. The passage vortex can also be identified by elevated flow unsteadiness as reported by turbulent kinetic energy levels. When passage film cooling is added, the size of the passage vortex, secondary velocities, and exit plane turbulent kinetic energy are all increased. Endwall contouring has the opposite effect, reducing the passage vortex size, the secondary velocities, and exit plane turbulent kinetic energy. C1 [Mensch, Amy E.; Thole, Karen A.] Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Mensch, AE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Mensch, AE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amy.mensch@nist.gov; kthole@psu.edu OI Mensch, Amy/0000-0002-7202-8518 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) through the University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) program FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) through the University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. The writers would like to thank Dr. Stephen Lynch of the Pennsylvania State University, Dr. Brent Craven of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Robin Ames of DOE-NETL for their communication and support regarding this research. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2016 VL 57 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1007/s00348-015-2093-5 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DB7UD UT WOS:000368721000008 ER PT J AU McDermott, RJ Rein, G AF McDermott, Randall J. Rein, Guillermo TI Special Issue on Fire Model Validation SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McDermott, Randall J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rein, Guillermo] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP McDermott, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randall.mcdermott@nist.gov OI Rein, Guillermo/0000-0001-7207-2685 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0559-x PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700001 ER PT J AU McGrattan, K Peacock, R Overholt, K AF McGrattan, Kevin Peacock, Richard Overholt, Kristopher TI Validation of Fire Models Applied to Nuclear Power Plant Safety SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire modeling; Model validation; Nuclear power plants AB The paper highlights key components of a fire model validation study conducted by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Electric Power Research Institute. These include the selection of fire phenomena of interest to nuclear power plant safety, the selection of appropriate models, the selection of relevant experimental data, and the selection of appropriate evaluation criteria. For each model and each quantity of interest, there are two metrics of accuracy. The first is a bias factor, which indicates the extent to which the model tends to over or under-predict the given quantity. The second is a relative standard deviation, which indicates the degree of scatter in the predicted quantity when compared with experimental measurements. While the study is motivated by nuclear power plant safety, the general procedure and results are appropriate for most industrial applications. C1 [McGrattan, Kevin; Peacock, Richard; Overholt, Kristopher] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McGrattan, K (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kevin.mcgrattan@nist.gov FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Research FX Support for this work has been provided by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Research. Special thanks to the other participants in the NRC/EPRI validation study: David Stroup, NRC Office of Research, Ashley Lindeman, EPRI, Francisco Joglar, Susan LeStrange, and Sara Montanez of Hughes Associates, Inc. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10694-014-0436-z PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700002 ER PT J AU Bruns, MC AF Bruns, Morgan C. TI Inferring and Propagating Kinetic Parameter Uncertainty for Condensed Phase Burning Models SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis; Kinetics; TGA; Bayesian inference; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Uncertainty propagation; FDS ID PYROLYSIS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB Kinetic parameters for serial pyrolysis reactions were calibrated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data using Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations assuming a serial reaction mechanism. Calibrations were performed for high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at heating rates of 3 K/min and 10 K/min. The resulting parameter inferences are probabilistic as opposed to the point estimates calibrated in previous studies and are visualized using posterior probability density functions (PDFs) generated by kernel density estimation (KDE). Correlations between the parameters are identified and discussed. In particular, it is clear that pre-exponential constants and activation energies for a given reaction have a strong positive correlation. It is hypothesized that the degree of overlap in the posterior PDFs might be a measure of model adequacy. Point-estimates of the kinetic parameters were made by finding the mode of the posterior PDFs. For HIPS, it was determined that a one-reaction pyrolysis model is most appropriate, and that the posterior modes for and are and 292 kJ/mol, respectively, for the 3 K/min data. To evaluate the effect of kinetic parameter uncertainty on predictions of burning rate, samples from the posterior PDF were used to simulate gasification and cone calorimetry experiments using the fire dynamics simulator (FDS). In some cases, it was found that models with fewer parameters provided better predictions due to over-fitting associated with greater model complexity. Another important observation is that for the predictions of PVC cone calorimetry, the time to peak heat release rate can range from around 40 s to 180 s for a number of different kinetic parameter combinations that all fit the TGA data fairly well. It is argued that the proposed methodology is necessary for progress in modeling of condensed phase physics for fire problems as it supports both model validation and engineering predictions. C1 [Bruns, Morgan C.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bruns, MC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM morgan.bruns@nist.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0457-2 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700006 ER PT J AU Overholt, KJ Floyd, JE Ezekoye, OA AF Overholt, Kristopher J. Floyd, Jason E. Ezekoye, Ofodike A. TI Computational Modeling and Validation of Aerosol Deposition in Ventilation Ducts SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerosol deposition; CFD modeling; Gravitational settling; Computational modeling ID SOOT; PARTICLES AB In fire models, the accurate prediction of aerosol and soot concentrations in the gas phase and their deposition thicknesses in the condensed phase is important for a wide range of applications, including human egress calculations, heat transfer in compartment fires, and forensic reconstructions. During a fire, in addition to soot transport by advection and diffusion, a significant amount of soot can be deposited on surfaces due to various mechanisms. As a first approach of quantifying aerosol deposition predictions under non-reacting flow conditions, this study identifies important parameters under various flow conditions and compares predicted aerosol deposition quantities to experimentally measured data. The computational tool used in this study was the computational fluid dynamics code, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Model predictions are compared to measured deposition velocities for various sizes of monodisperse fluorescent particles and various air velocities at the ceiling, wall, and floor of a ventilation duct. C1 [Overholt, Kristopher J.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8661, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Floyd, Jason E.] Hughes Associates Inc, 3610 Commerce Dr,Suite 817, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Ezekoye, Ofodike A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, 204 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Overholt, KJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8661, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kris@koverholt.com; jfloyd@haifire.com; dezekoye@mail.utexas.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10694-014-0414-5 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700008 ER PT J AU Ronchi, E Nilsson, D Kuligowski, ED Peacock, RD Reneke, PA AF Ronchi, Enrico Nilsson, Daniel Kuligowski, Erica D. Peacock, Richard D. Reneke, Paul A. TI Assessing the Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Verification; Validation; Evacuation; Modelling; Human behaviour in fire; Building fires ID BEHAVIOR AB To date there is no International standard on the verification and validation (V&V) of building fire evacuation models, i.e., model testers adopt inconsistent procedures or tests designed for other model uses. For instance, the tests presented within the MSC/Circ.1238 Guidelines for evacuation analysis for new and existing passenger ships provided by the International Maritime Organization are often employed for the V&V of models outside their original context of use (building fires instead of maritime applications). This paper presents a list of verification tests for component testing and the analysis of emergent behaviours together with examples of experimental data-sets suitable for the analysis of different core components. The capabilities of building fire evacuation models are evaluated by studying their five main core components, namely (1) pre-evacuation time, (2) movement and navigation, (3) exit usage, (4) route availability and (5) flow constraints. This paper discusses the tests which are included in a freely available Technical Note developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work is intended to open a discussion on the main issues associated with the definition of a standard procedure for the V&V of building fire evacuation models, including the definition of the acceptance criteria of a standard V&V protocol. C1 [Ronchi, Enrico; Nilsson, Daniel] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.; Reneke, Paul A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronchi, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM enrico.ronchi@brand.lth.se OI Ronchi, Enrico/0000-0002-2789-6359 NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 197 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10694-014-0432-3 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700010 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Silva, JG Weinschenk, C Kamikawa, D Hasemi, Y AF Zhang, Chao Silva, Julio G. Weinschenk, Craig Kamikawa, Daisuke Hasemi, Yuji TI Simulation Methodology for Coupled Fire-Structure Analysis: Modeling Localized Fire Tests on a Steel Column SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CFD-FEM simulation method; Structural fire analysis; Fire dynamic simulator (FDS); Fire-thermomechanical interface (FTMI); Adiabatic surface temperature; Finite element simulation; Localized fires; Steel column; Validation study ID DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; BEAMS AB Advanced simulation methods are needed to predict the complex behavior of structures exposed to realistic fires. Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics code, developed by NIST for fire related simulations. In recent years, there has been an increase in use of FDS for performance-based analysis in the area of structural fire research. This paper discusses the FDS-finite element method (FEM) simulation methodology for structural fire analysis. The general methodology is described and a validation study is presented. A data element used to transfer data from FDS to FEM codes, the adiabatic surface temperature, is discussed. A tool named fire-thermomechanical interface is applied to transfer data from FDS to ANSYS. A high temperature stress-strain model for structural steel developed by NIST is included in the FEM analysis. Compared to experimental results, the FDS-FEM method predicted both the thermal and structural responses of a steel column in a localized fire test. The column buckling time was predicted with a maximum error of 7.8%. Based on these results, this methodology has potential to be used in performance-based analysis. C1 [Zhang, Chao; Silva, Julio G.; Weinschenk, Craig] NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kamikawa, Daisuke; Hasemi, Yuji] Waseda Univ, Dept Architecture, Shinjuku Ku, Okubo 3-4-1, Tokyo, Japan. [Kamikawa, Daisuke] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 239 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10694-015-0495-9 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DB7RW UT WOS:000368714700012 ER PT J AU Long, WC AF Long, W. Christopher TI A new quantitative model of multiple transitions between discrete stages, applied to the development of crustacean larvae SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RED KING CRAB; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; PREDATOR FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SEXUAL MATURITY; HABITAT TYPE; PLATYPUS; TEMPERATURE; JUVENILE; SURVIVAL AB Many biological processes are described in terms of transitions between discrete stages. For example, crustacean larvae generally pass through a. number of stages that are punctuated by transitional molting events. On the other hand, some continuous processes, such as embryo development, are frequently described in terms of discrete stages. Despite the widespread use of such conceptual models, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes the transitions between multiple stages has not been developed for crustacean larvae. I describe a model of multiple transitions between stages that can be fitted to such data and that holistically describes the processes and allows explicit, quantitative comparisons among treatments or studies. The base of the model is the logistic equation that is frequently used to model a transition between 2 stages. By summing together multiple logistic equations, one for each transition between stages, the model can accommodate multiple stages. Variance is modeled by treating each transition as a binomial distribution and summing the variance from each transition. To demonstrate, I fitted the model to data on larval development of red and blue king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus and P. platypus). The model provides an excellent fit for these data and quantitatively describes the process of larval development for 'these crab species. C1 [Long, W. Christopher] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.7755/FB.114.1.5 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC2LF UT WOS:000369047500005 ER PT J AU Long, WC Van Sant, SB AF Long, W. Christopher Van Sant, Scott B. TI Embryo development in golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SNOW CRAB; PLATYPUS; ANOMURA; TEMPERATURE; FECUNDITY; BENEDICT; ALASKA AB The golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) is a commercially important species in Alaska waters with an asynchronous reproductive cycle and lecithotrophic larvae. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively describe embryo development for this species. Six female multiparous golden king crab were captured from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and mated in the laboratory. Their embryos were photographed on average once every 9 days throughout embryogenesis. We describe 13 stages of embryo development on the basis of both visual observations and embryo morphometrics from 1241 measured embryos. Embryo development was similar to that of other cold-water crab species, with the exceptions that 1) golden king crab did not have a diapause and 2) that the average percentage of the area occupied by the yolk at hatching, at about 40%, was much higher than that of other species. Both of these differences likely are attributable to the fact that the larvae are lecithotrophic and, therefore, do not need to synchronize hatch time with planktonic food availability but do need energy reserves to develop to the first crab stage. This study increases our understanding of the reproductive biology of the golden king crab and provides a baseline for future studies of embryo development. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Van Sant, Scott B.] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.7755/FB.114.1.6 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC2LF UT WOS:000369047500006 ER PT J AU Rodgveller, CJ Stark, JW Echave, KB Hulson, PJF AF Rodgveller, Cara J. Stark, James W. Echave, Katy B. Hulson, Peter-John F. TI Age at maturity, skipped spawning, and fecundity of female sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) during the spawning season SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; DATA-STORAGE TAGS; ATLANTIC COD; REFERENCE POINTS; MATERNAL AGE; GROWTH; FISHERIES; WATERS; ALASKA; REPRODUCTION AB Accurate maturity-at-age data are necessary for estimating spawning stock biomass and setting reference points for fishing. This study is the first on age at maturity of female sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) sampled in Alaska during their winter spawning period, when maturity is most easily assessed. Skipped spawning, the situation where fish that have spawned in the past do not spawn during the current season, was documented in female sablefish for the first time. Determination of age at maturity was heavily influenced by whether these fish that would skip spawning were classified as mature or immature; age at 50% maturity was 6.8 years when fish that would skip spawning were classified as mature, and 9.9 years when classified as immature. Skipped spawning was more common on the continental shelf, and rates of skipped spawning increased with age through age 15. Estimates of age at maturity were similar for samples collected in winter and summer, when fish that would skip spawning sampled during winter were classified as mature. When fish that would skip spawning were considered immature in the sable fish population model for Alaska, estimates of spawning biomass decreased. Relative fecundity did not change with size and age, verifying the assumption made in the Alaska sablefish stock assessment that relative reproductive output is linearly related to female spawning biomass. C1 [Rodgveller, Cara J.; Stark, James W.; Echave, Katy B.; Hulson, Peter-John F.] NOAA, Alaska Biol Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Biol Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.7755/FB.114.1.8 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC2LF UT WOS:000369047500008 ER PT J AU Locascio, JV Burton, ML AF Locascio, James V. Burton, Michael L. TI A passive acoustic survey of fish sound production at Riley's Hump within Tortugas South Ecological Reserve: implications regarding spawning and habitat use SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HIND EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS; DRUM POGONIAS-CROMIS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RED GROUPER; BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; MARINE RESERVES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK GROUPER; REEF FISHES; FLORIDA AB Passive acoustic recorders were used to monitor sound production indicative of the use of spawning habitat by groupers (Serranidae) at Riley's Hump, which is located in the Tortugas South Ecological Reserve (TSER), part of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Sound production by black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci), red grouper (Epinephelus mono), and red hind (E. guttatus) was recorded yearround and at all times of day but occurred more often in the evening during the winter spring spawning period than during other times of the day and year. This pattern for these species is consistent with results of previous studies that documented the association of sound production with reproductive behavior at spawning sites. Distinct diel and seasonal patterns of sound production by the longspine squirrelfish (Holocentrus rufus) and bicolor dam selfish (Stegastes partitus) also were recorded. Riley's Hump is a documented spawning site for mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and recordings of black grouper, red grouper, and red hind indicate that it is used for reproductive purposes by these species as well. These results showed the importance of the TSER and the need for continued research to understand its role in the recovery and sustainability of managed fish populations. C1 [Locascio, James V.] Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Burton, Michael L.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Locascio, JV (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM locascio@mote.org FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [20205-2010] FX This research was funded by a grant from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, project number 20205-2010. Expert field assistance was provided by members of the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center laboratories in Beaufort, North Carolina, and Miami, Florida; the National Ocean Service's Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research in Beaufort, North Carolina; the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Overseas Research Laboratory in Marathon, Florida; and the Reef Environmental Education Foundation of Key Largo, Florida. All field operations were conducted from the MV Spree. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 114 IS 1 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.7755/FB.114.1.9 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA DC2LF UT WOS:000369047500009 ER PT J AU Bogomolni, AL Bass, AL Fire, S Jasperse, L Levin, M Nielsen, O Waring, G De Guise, S AF Bogomolni, Andrea L. Bass, Anna L. Fire, Spencer Jasperse, Lindsay Levin, Milton Nielsen, Ole Waring, Gordon De Guise, Sylvain TI Saxitoxin increases phocine distemper virus replication upon in-vitro infection in harbor seal immune cells SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE PDV USA 2006; Susceptibility; Saxitoxin; Harbor seal; Morbillivirus; Lymphocyte proliferation ID RECEPTOR SLAM CD150; SHELLFISH POISONING OUTBREAKS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; CANINE-DISTEMPER; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DOMOIC ACID; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MARINE BIOTOXINS AB Several marine mammal epizootics have been closely linked to infectious diseases, as well as to the biotoxins produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). In two of three saxitoxin (STX) associated mortality events, dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) or phocine distemper virus (PDV) was isolated in affected individuals. While STX is notorious for its neurotoxicity, immunotoxic effects have also been described. This study investigated the role of STX in altering immune function, specifically T lymphocyte proliferation, in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) upon in-vitro exposure. In addition, the study also examined whether exposure to STX could alter the susceptibility of harbor seal immune cells to PDV infection upon in-vitro exposure. STX caused an increase in harbor seal lymphocyte proliferation at 10 ppb and exposure to STX significantly increased the amount of virus present in lymphocytes. These results suggest that low levels of STX within the range of those reported in northeast U.S. seals may affect the likelihood of systemic PDV infection upon in-vivo exposure in susceptible seals. Given the concurrent increase in morbillivirus epizootics and HAB events in the last 25 years, the relationship between low level toxin exposure and host susceptibility to morbillivirus needs to be further explored. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bogomolni, Andrea L.; Jasperse, Lindsay; Levin, Milton; De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bass, Anna L.] Univ New England, Dept Biol, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Fire, Spencer] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Nielsen, Ole] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent & Arctic Reg, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Waring, Gordon] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bogomolni, Andrea L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bogomolni, Andrea L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bogomolni, AL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM abogomolni@gmail.com RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program [NA10NMF4390260]; Sounds Conservancy Quebec Labrador Foundation Grant; Switzer Foundation Environmental Leadership Fellowship; NOAA/UCONN Oceans and Human Health I-RICH Fellowship FX This project was possible thanks to the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program (Grant NA10NMF4390260) and with support from the Sounds Conservancy Quebec Labrador Foundation Grant, the Switzer Foundation Environmental Leadership Fellowship and the NOAA/UCONN Oceans and Human Health I-RICH Fellowship. Samples from stranded seals were obtained under NOAA NMFS Marine Mammal Parts Authorization, from live wild capture seals under NOAA NMFS NEFSC Permit no. 17670 and PDV acquired under USDA Permit No. 123319. Many thanks to Mindy Richlen, Erika Cote, Guillermo Risatti, Salvatore Frasca Jr., Shannon Prendiville, Kristen Patchett and the US Northeast/Greater Atlantic Region Marine Mammal Stranding Network staff and volunteers. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2016 VL 51 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.013 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DC4QV UT WOS:000369206300009 PM 28003064 ER PT J AU Kneifel, J Healy, W Filliben, J Boyd, M AF Kneifel, Joshua Healy, William Filliben, James Boyd, Matthew TI Energy performance sensitivity of a net-zero energy home to design and use specifications SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE net-zero energy construction; energy efficiency; residential building; whole building energy simulation ID OCCUPANTS BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION; DWELLINGS; MODELS AB The purpose of this report is to test the sensitivity of the energy performance of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) design to variation in the assumed specifications of occupant behaviour and building design characteristics using whole building energy simulations. The analysis includes a total of 128 EnergyPlus (E+) simulations (DOE 2013) considering two levels for each of the seven factors that could impact the energy performance of the NZERTF: building design, air leakage, occupant behaviour, weather, building orientation, and heating and cooling setpoint temperatures. The results for each combination of the seven factors are analysed to determine the magnitude and significance of changing these factors, and the interaction effects between the factors. There is particular focus on the building design results to determine if the energy performance of the NZERTF is more or less stable than that of typical residential construction in Maryland. C1 [Kneifel, Joshua; Healy, William; Boyd, Matthew] NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kneifel, J (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.kneifel@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 EI 1940-1507 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1080/19401493.2014.995708 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA DB7KN UT WOS:000368694100005 ER PT J AU Gresh, DN Cossel, KC Zhou, Y Ye, J Cornell, EA AF Gresh, Daniel N. Cossel, Kevin C. Zhou, Yan Ye, Jun Cornell, Eric A. TI Broadband velocity modulation spectroscopy of ThF+ for use in a measurement of the electron electric dipole moment SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Thorium fluoride; Electron EDM; Frequency comb; Velocity modulation spectroscopy ID THORIUM TETRAFLUORIDE; DOUBLING PARAMETERS; FREQUENCY COMB; MOLECULES; STATES; IONS AB A number of extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics predict a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) in the range of the current experimental limits. Trapped ThF+ will be used in a forthcoming generation of the JILA eEDM experiment. Here, we present extensive survey spectroscopy of ThF+ in the 700-1000 nm spectral region, with the 700-900 nm range fully covered using frequency comb velocity modulation spectroscopy. We have determined that the ThF+ electronic ground state is X-3 Delta(1), which is the eEDM-sensitive state. In addition, we report high-precision rotational and vibrational constants for 14 ThF+ electronic states, including excited states that can be used to transfer and readout population in the eEDM experiment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gresh, Daniel N.] NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cossel, Kevin C.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gresh, DN (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dgresh@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU Marsico Foundation; NIST; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA [1125844] FX Funding was provided by the Marsico Foundation, NIST, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA (Grant No. 1125844). We thank M. Heaven, A. Titov, L. Skripnikov, A. Petrov, T. Fleig, R. Field, W. Cairncross, and M. Grau for useful discussions. Commercial products referenced in this work are not endorsed by NIST and are for the purposes of technical communication only. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 319 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2015.11.001 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA DC1IN UT WOS:000368970100001 ER PT J AU Ahrberg, CD Ilic, BR Manz, A Neuzil, P AF Ahrberg, Christian D. Ilic, Bojan Robert Manz, Andreas Neuzil, Pavel TI Handheld real-time PCR device SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ON-A-CHIP; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; DNA; IDENTITY; SYSTEM AB Here we report one of the smallest real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems to date with an approximate size of 100 mm x 60 mm x 33 mm. The system is an autonomous unit requiring an external 12 V power supply. Four simultaneous reactions are performed in the form of virtual reaction chambers (VRCs) where a approximate to 200 nL sample is covered with mineral oil and placed on a glass cover slip. Fast, 40 cycle amplification of an amplicon from the H7N9 gene was used to demonstrate the PCR performance. The standard curve slope was -3.02 +/- 0.16 cycles at threshold per decade (mean +/- standard deviation) corresponding to an amplification efficiency of 0.91 +/- 0.05 per cycle (mean +/- standard deviation). The PCR device was capable of detecting a single deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy. These results further suggest that our handheld PCR device may have broad, technologically-relevant applications extending to rapid detection of infectious diseases in small clinics. C1 [Ahrberg, Christian D.; Manz, Andreas; Neuzil, Pavel] KIST Europe, Microfluid Grp, Campus E7-1, D-66111 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Ilic, Bojan Robert] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6201, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Neuzil, Pavel] Brno Univ Technol, Cent European Inst Technol CEITEC, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic. [Neuzil, Pavel] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Dept Microsyst Engn, 127 West Youyi Rd, Xian 710072, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Neuzil, P (reprint author), KIST Europe, Microfluid Grp, Campus E7-1, D-66111 Saarbrucken, Germany.; Neuzil, P (reprint author), Brno Univ Technol, Cent European Inst Technol CEITEC, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic.; Neuzil, P (reprint author), Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Dept Microsyst Engn, 127 West Youyi Rd, Xian 710072, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM pavel.neuzil@gmail.com RI Neuzil, Pavel/B-9981-2012; Manz, Andreas/C-4483-2008 OI Manz, Andreas/0000-0001-9712-711X FU Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068] FX P. Neuzil acknowledges partial financial support from the Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), grant number CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NIST CNST NanoFab staff for helpful discussions and assistance with device fabrication. This article identifies certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials to specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment, instruments, and materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1039/c5lc01415h PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB9TB UT WOS:000368858700019 PM 26753557 ER PT J AU Starks, HA Clemento, AJ Garza, JC AF Starks, Hilary A. Clemento, Anthony J. Garza, John Carlos TI Discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; endangered species; genetic stock identification; Oncorhynchus kisutch; single nucleotide polymorphism ID GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; GENOME DUPLICATION EVENT; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; COASTAL STEELHEAD; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Molecular population genetic analyses have become an integral part of ecological investigation and population monitoring for conservation and management. Microsatellites have been the molecular marker of choice for such applications over the last several decades, but single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are rapidly expanding beyond model organisms. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) is native to the north Pacific Ocean and its tributaries, where it is the focus of intensive fishery and conservation activities. As it is an anadromous species, coho salmon typically migrate across multiple jurisdictional boundaries, complicating management and requiring shared data collection methods. Here, we describe the discovery and validation of a suite of novel SNPs and associated genotyping assays which can be used in the genetic analyses of this species. These assays include 91 that are polymorphic in the species and one that discriminates it from a sister species, Chinook salmon. We demonstrate the utility of these SNPs for population assignment and phylogeographic analyses, and map them against the draft trout genome. The markers constitute a large majority of all SNP markers described for coho salmon and will enable both population-and pedigree-based analyses across the southern part of the species native range. C1 [Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12430 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DC3TF UT WOS:000369141000027 PM 25965351 ER PT J AU Paulechka, E Wassenaar, TA Kroenlein, K Kazakov, A Smolyanitsky, A AF Paulechka, Eugene Wassenaar, Tsjerk A. Kroenlein, Kenneth Kazakov, Andrei Smolyanitsky, Alex TI Nucleobase-functionalized graphene nanoribbons for accurate high-speed DNA sequencing SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NANOPORES; TRANSLOCATION; DENSITY; MOLECULES; MEMBRANE; DEVICE; MODEL; WATER; FIELD AB We propose a water-immersed nucleobase-functionalized suspended graphene nanoribbon as an intrinsically selective device for nucleotide detection. The proposed sensing method combines Watson-Crick selective base pairing with graphene's capacity for converting anisotropic lattice strain to changes in an electrical current at the nanoscale. Using detailed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we study sensor operation at ambient conditions. We combine simulated data with theoretical arguments to estimate the levels of measurable electrical signal variation in response to strains and determine that the proposed sensing mechanism shows significant promise for realistic DNA sensing devices without the need for advanced data processing, or highly restrictive operational conditions. C1 [Paulechka, Eugene; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Kazakov, Andrei; Smolyanitsky, Alex] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Biol, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.] Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Wassenaar, Tsjerk A.] Univ Groningen, Zernike Inst Adv Mat, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1861 EP 1867 DI 10.1039/c5nr07061a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DB9TX UT WOS:000368860900009 PM 26731166 ER PT J AU Anderson, DC Nicely, JM Salawitch, RJ Canty, TP Dickerson, RR Hanisco, TF Wolfe, GM Apel, EC Atlas, E Bannan, T Bauguitte, S Blake, NJ Bresch, JF Campos, TL Carpenter, LJ Cohen, MD Evans, M Fernandez, RP Kahn, BH Kinnison, DE Hall, SR Harris, NRP Hornbrook, RS Lamarque, JF Le Breton, M Lee, JD Percival, C Pfister, L Pierce, RB Riemer, DD Saiz-Lopez, A Stunder, BJB Thompson, AM Ullmann, K Vaughan, A Weinheimer, AJ AF Anderson, Daniel C. Nicely, Julie M. Salawitch, Ross J. Canty, Timothy P. Dickerson, Russell R. Hanisco, Thomas F. Wolfe, Glenn M. Apel, Eric C. Atlas, Elliot Bannan, Thomas Bauguitte, Stephane Blake, Nicola J. Bresch, James F. Campos, Teresa L. Carpenter, Lucy J. Cohen, Mark D. Evans, Mathew Fernandez, Rafael P. Kahn, Brian H. Kinnison, Douglas E. Hall, Samuel R. Harris, Neil R. P. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Le Breton, Michael Lee, James D. Percival, Carl Pfister, Leonhard Pierce, R. Bradley Riemer, Daniel D. Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso Stunder, Barbara J. B. Thompson, Anne M. Ullmann, Kirk Vaughan, Adam Weinheimer, Andrew J. TI A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; REMOTE SOUTH-PACIFIC; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; WESTERN PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PEM-TROPICS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; DRY AIR; MODEL AB Air parcels with mixing ratios of high O-3 and low H2O (HOLW) are common features in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) mid-troposphere (300-700 hPa). Here, using data collected during aircraft sampling of the TWP in winter 2014, we find strong, positive correlations of O-3 with multiple biomass burning tracers in these HOLW structures. Ozone levels in these structures are about a factor of three larger than background. Models, satellite data and aircraft observations are used to show fires in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia are the dominant source of high O-3 and that low H2O results from large-scale descent within the tropical troposphere. Previous explanations that attribute HOLW structures to transport from the stratosphere or mid-latitude troposphere are inconsistent with our observations. This study suggest a larger role for biomass burning in the radiative forcing of climate in the remote TWP than is commonly appreciated. C1 [Anderson, Daniel C.; Salawitch, Ross J.; Canty, Timothy P.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nicely, Julie M.; Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hanisco, Thomas F.; Wolfe, Glenn M.; Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wolfe, Glenn M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Apel, Eric C.; Campos, Teresa L.; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Hall, Samuel R.; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Ullmann, Kirk; Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Observat & Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, Elliot; Riemer, Daniel D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bannan, Thomas; Le Breton, Michael; Percival, Carl] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bauguitte, Stephane] Facil Airborne Atmospher Measurements, Cranfield MK43 0JR, Beds, England. [Blake, Nicola J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Deparment Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bresch, James F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Carpenter, Lucy J.; Evans, Mathew] Univ York, Dept Chem, Wolfson Atmospher Chem Labs, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Cohen, Mark D.; Stunder, Barbara J. B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Evans, Mathew; Lee, James D.; Vaughan, Adam] Univ York, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Fernandez, Rafael P.; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso] CSIC, Inst Phys Chem Rocasolano, Dept Atmospher Chem & Climate, Plaza Murillo 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Fernandez, Rafael P.] FCEN UNCuyo, Natl Res Council CONICET, Dept Nat Sci, RA-5501 Mendoza, Argentina. [Kahn, Brian H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Harris, Neil R. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pfister, Leonhard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Anderson, DC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM danderson@atmos.umd.edu RI Nicely, Julie/E-3668-2016; Vaughan, Adam/O-2912-2015; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Anderson, Daniel/I-4398-2014; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Evans, Mathew/A-3886-2012 OI Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Nicely, Julie/0000-0003-4828-0032; Vaughan, Adam/0000-0002-7878-0719; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Anderson, Daniel/0000-0002-9826-9811; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X FU Natural Environment Research Council; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank L. Pan for coordinating the CONTRAST flights and her constructive criticism of an early version of the manuscript; S. Schauffler, V. Donets and R. Lueb for collecting and analysing AWAS samples; T. Robinson and O. Shieh for providing meteorology forecasts in the field; and the pilots and crews of the CAST BAe-146 and CONTRAST Gulfstream V aircrafts for their dedication and professionalism. CAST was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council; CONTRAST was funded by the National Science Foundation. Research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A number of the US-based investigators also benefitted from the support of NASA as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy or decision. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10267 DI 10.1038/ncomms10267 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2AX UT WOS:000369020700002 PM 26758808 ER PT J AU Currivan-Incorvia, JA Siddiqui, S Dutta, S Evarts, ER Zhang, J Bono, D Ross, CA Baldo, MA AF Currivan-Incorvia, J. A. Siddiqui, S. Dutta, S. Evarts, E. R. Zhang, J. Bono, D. Ross, C. A. Baldo, M. A. TI Logic circuit prototypes for three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions with mobile domain walls SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAJORITY GATE; MICROPROCESSOR; MOTION; MEMORY AB Spintronic computing promises superior energy efficiency and nonvolatility compared to conventional field-effect transistor logic. But, it has proven difficult to realize spintronic circuits with a versatile, scalable device design that is adaptable to emerging material physics. Here we present prototypes of a logic device that encode information in the position of a magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic wire. We show that a single three-terminal device can perform inverter and buffer operations. We demonstrate one device can drive two subsequent gates and logic propagation in a circuit of three inverters. This prototype demonstration shows that magnetic domain wall logic devices have the necessary characteristics for future computing, including nonlinearity, gain, cascadability, and room temperature operation. C1 [Currivan-Incorvia, J. A.; Siddiqui, S.; Dutta, S.; Baldo, M. A.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Currivan-Incorvia, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evarts, E. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, J.; Bono, D.; Ross, C. A.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Currivan-Incorvia, JA; Baldo, MA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Currivan-Incorvia, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM incorvia@stanford.edu; baldo@mit.edu OI Dutta, Sumit/0000-0002-2766-8516 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1101798]; Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under contract ECCS-1101798 and the Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program. We acknowledge the MIT NanoStructures Laboratory for fabrication, especially the support of Mark Mondol and James Daley. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10275 DI 10.1038/ncomms10275 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2AY UT WOS:000369020800005 PM 26754412 ER PT J AU Van Tricht, K Lhermitte, S Lenaerts, JTM Gorodetskaya, IV L'Ecuyer, TS Noel, B van den Broeke, MR Turner, DD van Lipzig, NPM AF Van Tricht, K. Lhermitte, S. Lenaerts, J. T. M. Gorodetskaya, I. V. L'Ecuyer, T. S. Noel, B. van den Broeke, M. R. Turner, D. D. van Lipzig, N. P. M. TI Clouds enhance Greenland ice sheet meltwater runoff SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MASS-BALANCE; RESOLUTION CLIMATE MODEL; SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE; ARCTIC CLOUD; ENERGY-BALANCE; RADIATION; ALBEDO; SNOW; SENSITIVITY; ANTARCTICA AB The Greenland ice sheet has become one of the main contributors to global sea level rise, predominantly through increased meltwater runoff. The main drivers of Greenland ice sheet runoff, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that clouds enhance meltwater runoff by about one-third relative to clear skies, using a unique combination of active satellite observations, climate model data and snow model simulations. This impact results from a cloud radiative effect of 29.5 (+/- 5.2) W m(-2). Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, the Greenland ice sheet responds to this energy through a new pathway by which clouds reduce meltwater refreezing as opposed to increasing surface melt directly, thereby accelerating bare-ice exposure and enhancing meltwater runoff. The high sensitivity of the Greenland ice sheet to both ice-only and liquid-bearing clouds highlights the need for accurate cloud representations in climate models, to better predict future contributions of the Greenland ice sheet to global sea level rise. C1 [Van Tricht, K.; Lhermitte, S.; Gorodetskaya, I. V.; van Lipzig, N. P. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Lenaerts, J. T. M.; Noel, B.; van den Broeke, M. R.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [L'Ecuyer, T. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Van Tricht, K (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. EM Kristof.VanTricht@ees.kuleuven.be RI Van den Broeke, Michiel/F-7867-2011; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012; Lhermitte, Stef (Stefaan)/A-3385-2013 OI Van Tricht, Kristof/0000-0001-5727-9098; Van den Broeke, Michiel/0000-0003-4662-7565; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; Lhermitte, Stef (Stefaan)/0000-0002-1622-0177 FU Research Foundation Flanders (FWO); HYDRANT - Belgian Science Policy Office [EN/01/4B]; CloudSat/CALIPSO [NNX14AB35G]; Utrecht University; Netherlands Polar Programme of NWO; Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office project AEROCLOUD [BR/143/A2]; US National Science Foundation as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) programme [ARC-0856773, 0904152, 0856559]; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, US Department of Energy ARM Program and Environment Canada FX K.V.T. and S.L. are funded by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). I.V.G. was supported via the project HYDRANT funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office under grant number EN/01/4B. The contributions of T.S.L. to this project were supported by CloudSat/CALIPSO science team grant NNX14AB35G. This study is partly funded by Utrecht University through its strategic theme Sustainability, sub-theme Water, Climate and Ecosystems, and the Netherlands Polar Programme of NWO. Part of this work was carried out under the programme of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW). This work is further supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office project AEROCLOUD (BR/143/A2). The Summit data were recorded in the frame of the ICECAPS project, which is supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grants ARC-0856773, 0904152 and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) programme, with additional instrumentation provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, US Department of Energy ARM Program and Environment Canada. We thank the CloudSat Data Processing Center, in particular Phil Partain, for their help with the 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR algorithm runs. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10266 DI 10.1038/ncomms10266 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2AX UT WOS:000369020700001 PM 26756470 ER PT J AU Xu, T Walter, EC Agrawal, A Bohn, C Velmurugan, J Zhu, WQ Lezec, HJ Talin, AA AF Xu, Ting Walter, Erich C. Agrawal, Amit Bohn, Christopher Velmurugan, Jeyavel Zhu, Wenqi Lezec, Henri J. Talin, A. Alec TI High-contrast and fast electrochromic switching enabled by plasmonics SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROLL-TO-ROLL; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL; COLOR FILTERS; HOLE ARRAYS; THIN-FILMS; DEVICES; DISPLAYS; POLYMERS; ELECTROLUMINESCENT AB With vibrant colours and simple, room-temperature processing methods, electrochromic polymers have attracted attention as active materials for flexible, low-power-consuming devices. However, slow switching speeds in devices realized to date, as well as the complexity of having to combine several distinct polymers to achieve a full-colour gamut, have limited electrochromic materials to niche applications. Here we achieve fast, high-contrast electrochromic switching by significantly enhancing the interaction of light-propagating as deep-subwavelength-confined surface plasmon polaritons through arrays of metallic nanoslits, with an electrochromic polymer-present as an ultra-thin coating on the slit sidewalls. The switchable configuration retains the short temporal charge-diffusion characteristics of thin electrochromic films, while maintaining the high optical contrast associated with thicker electrochromic coatings. We further demonstrate that by controlling the pitch of the nanoslit arrays, it is possible to achieve a full-colour response with high contrast and fast switching speeds, while relying on just one electrochromic polymer. C1 [Xu, Ting] Nanjing Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ting] Nanjing Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ting; Walter, Erich C.; Agrawal, Amit; Bohn, Christopher; Velmurugan, Jeyavel; Zhu, Wenqi; Lezec, Henri J.; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ting; Walter, Erich C.; Agrawal, Amit; Velmurugan, Jeyavel; Zhu, Wenqi] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Xu, T (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Xu, T; Lezec, HJ; Talin, AA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.; Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.; Talin, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM xuting@nju.edu.cn; henri.lezec@nist.gov; aatalin@sandia.gov FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Thousand Talents Program for Young Professionals, Collaborative Innovations Center of Advanced Microstructures; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities FX T.X., E.C. W., A. A., J.V. and W.Z. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. A.A.T. was supported by the Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award number DESC0001160. Sandia is a multi-programme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. T.X. acknowledges support from the Thousand Talents Program for Young Professionals, Collaborative Innovations Center of Advanced Microstructures and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 49 U2 133 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10479 DI 10.1038/ncomms10479 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2AJ UT WOS:000369019300007 PM 26814453 ER PT J AU Yi, X Vahala, K Li, J Diddams, S Ycas, G Plavchan, P Leifer, S Sandhu, J Vasisht, G Chen, P Gao, P Gagne, J Furlan, E Bottom, M Martin, EC Fitzgerald, MP Doppmann, G Beichman, C AF Yi, X. Vahala, K. Li, J. Diddams, S. Ycas, G. Plavchan, P. Leifer, S. Sandhu, J. Vasisht, G. Chen, P. Gao, P. Gagne, J. Furlan, E. Bottom, M. Martin, E. C. Fitzgerald, M. P. Doppmann, G. Beichman, C. TI Demonstration of a near-IR line-referenced electro-optical laser frequency comb for precision radial velocity measurements in astronomy SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHASE; FIBER; GENERATION; SPECTROGRAPHS; CALIBRATION; MODULATION; EXOPLANETS AB An important technique for discovering and characterizing planets beyond our solar system relies upon measurement of weak Doppler shifts in the spectra of host stars induced by the influence of orbiting planets. A recent advance has been the introduction of optical frequency combs as frequency references. Frequency combs produce a series of equally spaced reference frequencies and they offer extreme accuracy and spectral grasp that can potentially revolutionize exoplanet detection. Here we demonstrate a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on electro-optical modulation, with the comb centre wavelength stabilized to a molecular or atomic reference. In contrast to mode-locked combs, the line spacing is readily resolvable using typical astronomical grating spectrographs. Built using commercial off-the-shelf components, the instrument is relatively simple and reliable. Proof of concept experiments operated at near-infrared wavelengths were carried out at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Keck-II telescope. C1 [Yi, X.; Vahala, K.; Li, J.] Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, S.; Ycas, G.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Diddams, S.; Ycas, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Plavchan, P.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Leifer, S.; Sandhu, J.; Vasisht, G.; Chen, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gagne, J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Furlan, E.; Beichman, C.] CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bottom, M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Martin, E. C.; Fitzgerald, M. P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Doppmann, G.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Vahala, K (reprint author), Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.; Beichman, C (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Exoplanet Sci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu; chas@ipac.caltech.edu RI Chen, Pin/B-1112-2008; OI Chen, Pin/0000-0003-1195-9666; Fitzgerald, Michael/0000-0002-0176-8973 FU W.M. Keck Foundation; NIST; NSF [AST-1310875]; President's and Director's Fund Program FX Three IRTF nights were donated in September 2014 to integrate and test the laser comb with CSHELL. One of these nights came from IRTF engineering time and the other two came from Peter Plavchan's CSHELL program to observe nearby M dwarfs with the absorption gas cell to obtain precise radial velocities. We are grateful to the leadership of the IRTF, Director Alan Tokunaga and Deputy Director John Rayner, as well as to the daytime and night time staff at the summit for their support. We further thank Jeremy Colson at Wavelength References for his assistance with the molecular-stabilized lasers. On-sky observations were obtained at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program. Daytime operations at the Keck-II telescope were carried out with the assistance of Sean Adkins and Steve Milner. We greatfully acknowledge the support of the entire Keck summit team in making these tests possible. We recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. The data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. We also acknowledge support from NIST and the NSF grant AST-1310875. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and funded through the President's and Director's Fund Program. Copyright 2014 California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10436 DI 10.1038/ncomms10436 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DC2BQ UT WOS:000369022600019 PM 26813804 ER PT J AU Lei, RB Heil, P Wang, J Zhang, ZH Li, Q Li, N AF Lei, Ruibo Heil, Petra Wang, Jia Zhang, Zhanhai Li, Qun Li, Na TI Characterization of sea-ice kinematic in the Arctic outflow region using buoy data SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; kinematics; dipole anomaly; transpolar drift stream; Arctic Ocean; Fram Strait ID WEDDELL SEA; DRIFT; DEFORMATION; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; COVER; BASIN AB Data from four ice-tethered buoys deployed in 2010 were used to investigate sea-ice motion and deformation from the Central Arctic to Fram Strait. Seasonal and long-term changes in ice kinematics of the Arctic outflow region were further quantified using 42 ice-tethered buoys deployed between 1979 and 2011. Our results confirmed that the dynamic setting of the transpolar drift stream (TDS) and Fram Strait shaped the motion of the sea ice. Ice drift was closely aligned with surface winds, except during quiescent conditions, or during short-term reversal of the wind direction opposing the TDS. Meridional ice velocity south of 85 degrees N showed a distinct seasonal cycle, peaking between late autumn and early spring in agreement with the seasonality of surface winds. Inertia-induced ice motion was strengthened as ice concentration decreased in summer. As ice drifted southward into the Fram Strait, the meridional ice speed increased dramatically, while associated zonal ice convergence dominated the ice-field deformation. The Arctic atmospheric Dipole Anomaly (DA) influenced ice drift by accelerating the meridional ice velocity. Ice trajectories exhibited less meandering during the positive phase of DA and vice versa. From 2005 onwards, the buoy data exhibit high Arctic sea-ice outflow rates, closely related to persistent positive DA anomaly. However, the long-term data from 1979 to 2011 do not show any statistically significant trend for sea-ice outflow, but exhibit high year-to-year variability, associated with the change in the polarity of DA. C1 [Lei, Ruibo; Zhang, Zhanhai; Li, Qun; Li, Na] Polar Res Inst China, State Ocean Adm Key Lab Polar Sci, 451 Jinqiao Rd, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. [Heil, Petra] Australian Antarctic Div, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Heil, Petra] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Lei, RB (reprint author), Polar Res Inst China, State Ocean Adm Key Lab Polar Sci, 451 Jinqiao Rd, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. EM leiruibo@pric.org.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41476170]; Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs [CHINARE 2015-04-03/04-04/03-01]; Marine Public Industry Research of China [201205007]; Australian Antarctic Science grant [4472]; Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Arctic Research [1755] FX This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 41476170), the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (no. CHINARE 2015-04-03/04-04/03-01) and Marine Public Industry Research of China (no. 201205007). Sea-ice concentration was provided by the University of Bremen (www.iup.uni-bremen.de:8084/amsr/amsre.html). IABP and their contributors are thanked for sharing buoy data (www.iabp.apl.washington.edu/). PH was supported under an Australian Antarctic Science grant (no. 4472) and by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre. JW was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Arctic Research (grant no. 1755). We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, and S. Lake and C. Darnell for editing the manuscript. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 EI 1751-8369 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2016 VL 35 AR 22658 DI 10.3402/polar.v35.22658 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA DC3VL UT WOS:000369146900001 ER PT J AU Lall, U Devineni, N Kaheil, Y AF Lall, Upmanu Devineni, Naresh Kaheil, Yasir TI An Empirical, Nonparametric Simulator for Multivariate Random Variables with Differing Marginal Densities and Nonlinear Dependence with Hydroclimatic Applications SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Copula; correlated risk; logspline; multivariate nonparametric simulator; spatial fields ID BIAS CORRECTION; ASYMPTOTIC INDEPENDENCE AB Multivariate simulations of a set of random variables are often needed for risk analysis. Given a historical data set, the goal is to develop simulations that reproduce the dependence structure in that data set so that the risk of potentially correlated factors can be evaluated. A nonparametric, copula-based simulation approach is developed and exemplified. It can be applied to multiple variables or to spatial fields with arbitrary dependence structures and marginal densities. The nonparametric simulator uses logspline density estimation in the univariate setting, together with a sampling strategy to reproduce dependence across variables or spatial instances, through a nonparametric numerical approximation of the underlying copula function. The multivariate data vectors are assumed to be independent and identically distributed. A synthetic example is provided to illustrate the method, followed by an application to the risk of livestock losses in Mongolia. C1 [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Columbia Water Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Lall, Upmanu] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Devineni, Naresh] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kaheil, Yasir] FM Global, Boston, MA USA. RP Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.; Devineni, N (reprint author), 160 Convent Ave,Steinman Hall Room, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ndevi-neni@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009 OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU American International Group (AIG) under "Climate Informed Global Flood Risk the Assessment" project; IPA from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX This work was partially supported by the American International Group (AIG) under the "Climate Informed Global Flood Risk the Assessment" project. U. Lall was also supported by an IPA from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 36 IS 1 BP 57 EP 73 DI 10.1111/risa.12432 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA DC2QD UT WOS:000369060500006 PM 26177987 ER PT J AU Chae, J Lahiri, B Centrone, A AF Chae, Jungseok Lahiri, Basudev Centrone, Andrea TI Engineering Near-Field SEIRA Enhancements in Plasmonic Resonators SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE plasmonic materials; split ring resonators; SEIRA; PTIR ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PTIR TECHNIQUE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC RESPONSE; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; RAMAN-SCATTERING; METAMATERIALS; NANOSCALE; FREQUENCIES AB Engineering of the optical resonances in plasmonic resonator arrays is achieved by virtue of the intrinsic properties of the constituent structures such as composition, size, and shape and by controlling the inter-resonator interactions by virtue of the array's geometrical arrangement. The nanoscale confinement of the plasmonic field enhances light matter interactions, enabling, for instance, the surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) effect. However, the subwavelength confinement also poses an experimental challenge for discriminating the response stemming from the individual resonators and from the collective response in densely packed arrays. In this work, the photothermal induced resonance technique is leveraged to obtain nanoscale images and spectra of near-field SEIRA hot spots observed in isolated plasmonic resonators of different shapes and in selected resonators within closely packed plasmonic arrays, informing on whether the interactions with neighboring resonators are beneficial or otherwise. Results are correlated with far-field spectra and theoretical calculations. C1 [Chae, Jungseok; Lahiri, Basudev; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chae, Jungseok; Lahiri, Basudev] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Lahiri, Basudev/I-5554-2016 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD JAN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00466 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA DB5QA UT WOS:000368567500012 PM 27182532 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Zhang, J Chang, PL Langston, C Kaney, B Tang, L AF Wang, Yadong Zhang, Jian Chang, Pao-Liang Langston, Carrie Kaney, Brian Tang, Lin TI Operational C-Band Dual-Polarization Radar QPE for the Subtropical Complex Terrain of Taiwan SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PRECIPITATION; ATTENUATION; ALGORITHM; WSR-88D AB Complex terrain poses significant challenges to the radar based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) because of blockages to the lower tilts of radar observations. The blockages often force the use of higher tilts data to estimate precipitation at the ground and result in errors due to vertical variations of the radar variables. To obtain accurate radar QPEs in the subtropical complex terrain of Taiwan, a vertically corrected composite algorithm (VCCA) was developed for two C-band polarimetric radars. The new algorithm corrects higher tilt radar variables with the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) or vertical profile of specific differential phase (VPSDP) and estimates rainfall rate at the ground through an automated combination of R-Z and R-K-DP relations. The VCCA was assessed with three precipitation cases of different regimes including typhoon, mei-yu, and summer stratiform precipitation events. The results showed that a combination of R-Z and R-K-DP relations provided more accurate QPEs than each alone because R-Z provides better rainfall estimates for light rains and R-K-DP relation is more suitable for heavy rains. The vertical profile corrections for reflectivity and specific differential phase significantly reduced radar QPE errors caused by inadequate sampling of the orographic enhancement of precipitation near the ground. C1 [Wang, Yadong; Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Tang, Lin] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wang, Yadong; Zhang, Jian; Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Tang, Lin] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Chang, Pao-Liang] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.; Wang, YD (reprint author), NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yadong.wang@noaa.gov FU Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China FX This research is supported by funding from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Republic of China, and was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement no. NA110AR4320072, US Department of Commerce. The authors would like to thank Professor Pay-Liam Lin of National Central University for providing the 2D video disdrometer data and Dr. Pengfei Zhang provided many helpful comments and that greatly improved the paper. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2016 AR 4294271 DI 10.1155/2016/4294271 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB9KM UT WOS:000368834800001 ER PT S AU Talley, LD Feely, RA Sloyan, BM Wanninkhof, R Baringer, MO Bullister, JL Carlson, CA Doney, SC Fine, RA Firing, E Gruber, N Hansell, DA Ishii, M Johnson, GC Katsumata, K Key, RM Kramp, M Langdon, C Macdonald, AM Mathis, JT McDonagh, EL Mecking, S Millero, FJ Mordy, CW Nakano, T Sabine, CL Smethie, WM Swift, JH Tanhua, T Thurnherr, AM Warner, MJ Zhang, JZ AF Talley, L. D. Feely, R. A. Sloyan, B. M. Wanninkhof, R. Baringer, M. O. Bullister, J. L. Carlson, C. A. Doney, S. C. Fine, R. A. Firing, E. Gruber, N. Hansell, D. A. Ishii, M. Johnson, G. C. Katsumata, K. Key, R. M. Kramp, M. Langdon, C. Macdonald, A. M. Mathis, J. T. McDonagh, E. L. Mecking, S. Millero, F. J. Mordy, C. W. Nakano, T. Sabine, C. L. Smethie, W. M. Swift, J. H. Tanhua, T. Thurnherr, A. M. Warner, M. J. Zhang, J. -Z. BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 8 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE anthropogenic climate change; ocean temperature change; salinity change; ocean carbon cycle; ocean oxygen and nutrients; ocean chlorofluorocarbons; ocean circulation change; ocean mixing ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; OXYGEN UTILIZATION RATES; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; TURBULENT DISSIPATION AB Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full water column physical and biogeochemical observations repeated decadally since the 1970s, provide a crucial resource for documenting ocean change. The ocean, a central component of Earth's climate system, is taking up most of Earth's excess anthropogenic heat, with about 19% of this excess in the abyssal ocean beneath 2,000 m, dominated by Southern Ocean warming. The ocean also has taken up about 27% of anthropogenic carbon, resulting in acidification of the upper ocean. Increased stratification has resulted in a decline in oxygen and increase in nutrients in the Northern Hemisphere thermocline and an expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones. Southern Hemisphere thermocline oxygen increased in the 2000s owing to stronger wind forcing and ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (similar to 20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show that vertical diffusivity increases from a minimum in the thermocline to a maximum within the bottom 1,500 m, shifting our physical paradigm of the ocean's overturning circulation. C1 [Talley, L. D.; Swift, J. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Feely, R. A.; Bullister, J. L.; Johnson, G. C.; Mathis, J. T.; Mordy, C. W.; Sabine, C. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sloyan, B. M.] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Wanninkhof, R.; Baringer, M. O.; Zhang, J. -Z.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Carlson, C. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Doney, S. C.; Fine, R. A.; Macdonald, A. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fine, R. A.; Hansell, D. A.; Langdon, C.; Millero, F. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Firing, E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Gruber, N.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Ishii, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Katsumata, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Key, R. M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kramp, M.] Technopole Brest Iroise, JCOMM In Situ Observat Programme Support Ctr JCOM, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [McDonagh, E. L.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Mecking, S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Mordy, C. W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nakano, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Smethie, W. M.; Thurnherr, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tanhua, T.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24015 Kiel, Germany. [Warner, M. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Talley, LD; Swift, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.; Feely, RA; Bullister, JL; Johnson, GC; Mathis, JT; Mordy, CW; Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.; Sloyan, BM (reprint author), CSIRO, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.; Wanninkhof, R; Baringer, MO; Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Carlson, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Doney, SC; Fine, RA; Macdonald, AM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.; Fine, RA; Hansell, DA; Langdon, C; Millero, FJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.; Firing, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.; Gruber, N (reprint author), ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.; Ishii, M (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.; Katsumata, K (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.; Key, RM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Kramp, M (reprint author), Technopole Brest Iroise, JCOMM In Situ Observat Programme Support Ctr JCOM, F-29280 Plouzane, France.; McDonagh, EL (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.; Mecking, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.; Mordy, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Nakano, T (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo 1008122, Japan.; Smethie, WM; Thurnherr, AM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.; Tanhua, T (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24015 Kiel, Germany.; Warner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ltalley@ucsd.edu; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; bernadette.sloyan@csiro.au; rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov; molly.baringer@noaa.gov; john.l.bullister@noaa.gov; carlson@lifesci.ucsb.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu; rfine@rsmas.miami.edu; efiring@hawaii.edu; nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch; dhansell@rsmas.miami.edu; mishii@mri-jma.go.jp; gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov; k.katsumata@jamstec.go.jp; key@princeton.edu; mkramp@jcommops.org; clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu; amacdonald@whoi.edu; jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov; e.mcdonagh@noc.ac.uk; mecking@uw.edu; fmillero@rsmas.miami.edu; mordy@uw.edu; ant@ldeo.columbia.edu; chris.sabine@noaa.gov; bsmeth@ldeo.columbia.edu; jswift@ucsd.edu; ttanhua@geomar.de; ant@ldeo.columbia.edu; warner@u.washington.edu; jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Sloyan, Bernadette/N-8989-2014; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K00249X/1, NE/K004387/1, NE/M005046/1] NR 198 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 39 U2 102 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4508-2 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2016 VL 8 BP 185 EP 215 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BE1QC UT WOS:000368369200009 PM 26515811 ER PT J AU Lundin, JI Dills, RL Ylitalo, GM Hanson, MB Emmons, CK Schorr, GS Ahmad, J Hempelmann, JA Parsons, KM Wasser, SK AF Lundin, Jessica I. Dills, Russell L. Ylitalo, Gina M. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Schorr, Gregory S. Ahmad, Jacqui Hempelmann, Jennifer A. Parsons, Kim M. Wasser, Samuel K. TI Persistent Organic Pollutant Determination in Killer Whale Scat Samples: Optimization of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method and Application to Field Samples SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID ASSAY; ORCINUS-ORCA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; MARINE MAMMALS AB Biologic sample collection in wild cetacean populations is challenging. Most information on toxicant levels is obtained from blubber biopsy samples; however, sample collection is invasive and strictly regulated under permit, thus limiting sample numbers. Methods are needed to monitor toxicant levels that increase temporal and repeat sampling of individuals for population health and recovery models. The objective of this study was to optimize measuring trace levels (parts per billion) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated-diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclobenzene, in killer whale scat (fecal) samples. Archival scat samples, initially collected, lyophilized, and extracted with 70 % ethanol for hormone analyses, were used to analyze POP concentrations. The residual pellet was extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Method detection limits ranged from 11 to 125 ng/g dry weight. The described method is suitable for p,p'-DDE, PCBs-138, 153, 180, and 187, and PBDEs-47 and 100; other POPs were below the limit of detection. We applied this method to 126 scat samples collected from Southern Resident killer whales. Scat samples from 22 adult whales also had known POP concentrations in blubber and demonstrated significant correlations (p < 0.01) between matrices across target analytes. Overall, the scat toxicant measures matched previously reported patterns from blubber samples of decreased levels in reproductive-age females and a decreased p,p'-DDE/Sigma PCB ratio in J-pod. Measuring toxicants in scat samples provides an unprecedented opportunity to noninvasively evaluate contaminant levels in wild cetacean populations; these data have the prospect to provide meaningful information for vital management decisions. C1 [Lundin, Jessica I.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dills, Russell L.; Ahmad, Jacqui] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.; Hempelmann, Jennifer A.; Parsons, Kim M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Schorr, Gregory S.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA. [Parsons, Kim M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Lundin, JI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlundin2@uw.edu FU Washington Sea Grant [pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)] [NA10OAR417005]; NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC); Canadian Consulate General; Center for Conservation Biology; Northwest Science Association; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91735201] FX Research funding was provided by the Washington Sea Grant [pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), award no. NA10OAR417005], NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), Canadian Consulate General, Center for Conservation Biology, and Northwest Science Association. This publication was developed under STAR Fellowship Assistance Agreement no. 91735201 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of Jessica Lundin, and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This project was made possible thanks to collaborations at NOAA NWFSC. Special thanks to Mike Ford at NOAA NWFSC for his continued support. Bernadita Anulacion, Daryle Boyd, Jennie Bolton, and Ronald Pearce at NOAA NWFSC conducted the pilot sample analyses on scat samples. The use of select internal standards was provided by the University of Washington Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (P30ES007033). Liz Seely with Conservation Canines was the lead dog handler, and Deborah Giles and Kari Koski were the boat captains on the research vessel. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0218-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800002 PM 26298464 ER PT J AU McHuron, EA Peterson, SH Ackerman, JT Melin, SR Harris, JD Costa, DP AF McHuron, Elizabeth A. Peterson, Sarah H. Ackerman, Joshua T. Melin, Sharon R. Harris, Jeffrey D. Costa, Daniel P. TI Effects of Age, Colony, and Sex on Mercury Concentrations in California Sea Lions SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BLOOD COMPARTMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DIETARY MERCURY; MARINE MAMMALS AB We measured total mercury (THg) concentrations in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and examined how concentrations varied with age class, colony, and sex. Because Hg exposure is primarily via diet, we used nitrogen (delta N-15) and carbon (delta C-13) stable isotopes to determine if intraspecific differences in THg concentrations could be explained by feeding ecology. Blood and hair were collected from 21 adult females and 57 juveniles from three colonies in central and southern California (San Nicolas, San Miguel, and Ano Nuevo Islands). Total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.31 mu g g(-1) wet weight (ww) in blood and 0.74 to 21.00 mu g g(-1) dry weight (dw) in hair. Adult females had greater mean THg concentrations than juveniles in blood (0.15 vs. 0.03 mu g(-1) ww) and hair (10.10 vs. 3.25 mu g(-1) dw). Age class differences in THg concentrations did not appear to be driven by trophic level or habitat type because there were no differences in delta N-15 or delta C-13 values between adults and juveniles. Total Hg concentrations in adult females were 54 % (blood) and 24 % (hair) greater in females from San Miguel than females from San Nicolas Island, which may have been because sea lions from the two islands foraged in different areas. For juveniles, we detected some differences in THg concentrations with colony and sex, although these were likely due to sampling effects and not ecological differences. Overall, THg concentrations in California sea lions were within the range documented for other marine mammals and were generally below toxicity benchmarks for fish-eating wildlife. C1 [McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Peterson, Sarah H.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ackerman, Joshua T.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. [Melin, Sharon R.; Harris, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. RP McHuron, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM emchuron@ucsc.edu OI Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901 FU Office of Naval Research [ONR N00014-13-1-0134]; Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research and Education Award; U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center; [JIP22 07-23] FX All animals were sampled in conjunction with other studies under National Marine Fisheries Permit Nos. 14676, 16087, 17115, and 17952 and approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols from the University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We thank the United States Navy (especially J. Ugoretz), the staff at Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands Aviation for logistical support, rangers at Ano Nuevo State Reserve, and all of the volunteers who assisted in animal capture and sample collection. We especially thank P. Ponganis, M. Tift, K. Prager, and J. Lloyd-Smith. Funding support for E.A. McHuron was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR N00014-13-1-0134), the Joint Industry Programme (JIP22 07-23), and a Friends of Long Marine Laboratory Student Research and Education Award. Funding support for J.T. Ackerman was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the United States Government. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0201-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800005 PM 26259982 ER PT J AU Hansen, AMK Bryan, CE West, K Jensen, BA AF Hansen, Angela M. K. Bryan, Colleen E. West, Kristi Jensen, Brenda A. TI Trace Element Concentrations in Liver of 16 Species of Cetaceans Stranded on Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2013 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SEAL MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FALSE KILLER WHALES; HEAVY-METALS; STRIPED DOLPHINS; MARINE MAMMALS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS AB The impacts of anthropogenic contaminants on marine ecosystems are a concern worldwide. Anthropogenic activities can enrich trace elements in marine biota to concentrations that may negatively impact organism health. Exposure to elevated concentrations of trace elements is considered a contributing factor in marine mammal population declines. Hawai'i is an increasingly important geographic location for global monitoring, yet trace element concentrations have not been quantified in Hawaiian cetaceans, and there is little trace element data for Pacific cetaceans. This study measured trace elements (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb) in liver of 16 species of cetaceans that stranded on U.S. Pacific Islands from 1997 to 2013, using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) (n = 31), and direct mercury analysis atomic absorption spectrometry (DMA-AAS) (n = 43). Concentration ranges (mu g/g wet mass fraction) for non-essential trace elements, such as Cd (0.0031-58.93) and Hg (0.0062-1571.75) were much greater than essential trace elements, such as Mn (0.590-17.31) and Zn (14.72-245.38). Differences were found among age classes in Cu, Zn, Hg, and Se concentrations. The highest concentrations of Se, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb were found in one adult female false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) at concentrations that are known to affect health in marine mammals. The results of this study establish initial trace element concentration ranges for Pacific cetaceans in the Hawaiian Islands region, provide insights into contaminant exposure of these marine mammals, and contribute to a greater understanding of anthropogenic impacts in the Pacific Ocean. C1 [Hansen, Angela M. K.; West, Kristi; Jensen, Brenda A.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Bryan, Colleen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bryan, CE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM colleen.bryan@noaa.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Hawai'i Pacific University's Graduate Trustee's Scholarship program; NOAA John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program FX The authors acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Hawai'i Pacific University's Graduate Trustee's Scholarship program. Samples were provided by the Hawai'i Pacific University Marine Mammal Stranding Response Program, funded in part by the NOAA John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program. The authors also thank Dr. Eric Vetter and Dr. David Hyrenbach of Hawaii Pacific University for providing advice regarding statistical analyses. NR 143 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 75 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0204-1 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800008 PM 26283019 ER PT J AU Reiner, JL Becker, PR Gribble, MO Lynch, JM Moors, AJ Ness, J Peterson, D Pugh, RS Ragland, T Rimmer, C Rhoderick, J Schantz, MM Trevillian, J Kucklick, JR AF Reiner, Jessica L. Becker, Paul R. Gribble, Matthew O. Lynch, Jennifer M. Moors, Amanda J. Ness, Jennifer Peterson, Danielle Pugh, Rebecca S. Ragland, Tamika Rimmer, Catherine Rhoderick, Jody Schantz, Michele M. Trevillian, Jennifer Kucklick, John R. TI Organohalogen Contaminants and Vitamins in Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) Collected During Subsistence Hunts in Alaska SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; PHOCA-VITULINA; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINATION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; MARINE MAMMALS AB During native subsistence hunts from 1987 to 2007, blubber and liver samples from 50 subadult male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) were collected on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Samples were analyzed for legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), recently phased-out/current-use POPs, and vitamins. The legacy POPs measured from blubber samples included polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, DDT (and its metabolites), chlorobenzenes, chlordanes, and mirex. Recently phased-out/current-use POPs included in the blubber analysis were the flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and hexabromocyclododecanes. The chemical surfactants, perfluorinated alkyl acids, and vitamins A and E were assessed in the liver samples. Overall, concentrations of legacy POPs are similar to levels seen in seal samples from other areas of the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Statistically significant correlations were seen between compounds with similar functions (pesticides, flame retardants, vitamins). With sample collection spanning two decades, the temporal trends in the concentrations of POPs and vitamins were assessed. For these animals, the concentrations of the legacy POPs tend to decrease or stay the same with sampling year; however, the concentrations of the current-use POPs increased with sampling year. Vitamin concentrations tended to stay the same across the sampling years. With the population of northern fur seals from St. Paul Island on the decline, a detailed assessment of exposure to contaminants and the correlations with vitamins fills a critical gap for identifying potential population risk factors that might be associated with health effects. C1 [Reiner, Jessica L.; Becker, Paul R.; Lynch, Jennifer M.; Moors, Amanda J.; Ness, Jennifer; Peterson, Danielle; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Rhoderick, Jody; Trevillian, Jennifer; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Gribble, Matthew O.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Ragland, Tamika] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rimmer, Catherine; Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reiner, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jessica.reiner@nist.gov OI Gribble, Matthew/0000-0002-1614-2981 FU United States Geological Survey Biological Resources Division; National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resource's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank; T32 training grant from National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [T32ES013678-07]; United States Department of Interior's Minerals Management Service; AMMTAP FX The following are acknowledged for their support of AMMTAP work at St. Paul Island over the years: the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island (Phillip A. Zavadil, Aquilina D. Lestenkof, Pamela Lestenkof, Pat Kozloff, and Darleen Melovidov) and the National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office (Mike Williams and Steve Zimmerman). A special acknowledgment goes to Terry Spraker, Colorado State University, who provided special aid at St. Paul Island in obtaining all of the specimens used in this study. The collection and banking of NFS specimens was supported by funding from United States Department of Interior's Minerals Management Service, United States Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, and National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resource's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank (Teresa K. Rowles, program manager). M. Gribble was supported by a T32 training grant from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (Grant No. T32ES013678-07). NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0179-y PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800009 PM 26142120 ER PT J AU Bogomolni, A Frasca, S Levin, M Matassa, K Nielsen, O Waring, G De Guise, S AF Bogomolni, Andrea Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. Levin, Milton Matassa, Keith Nielsen, Ole Waring, Gordon De Guise, Sylvain TI In Vitro Exposure of Harbor Seal Immune Cells to Aroclor 1260 Alters Phocine Distemper Virus Replication SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; GREY SEALS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HEAVY-METALS; SLAM CD150 AB In the last 30 years, several large-scale marine mammal mortality events have occurred, often in close association with highly polluted regions, leading to suspicions that contaminant-induced immunosuppression contributed to these epizootics. Some of these recent events also identified morbillivirus as a cause of or contributor to death. The role of contaminant exposures regarding morbillivirus mortality is still unclear. The results of this study aimed to address the potential for a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), specifically Aroclor 1260, to alter harbor seal T-lymphocyte proliferation and to assess if exposure resulted in increased likelihood of phocine distemper virus (PDV USA 2006) to infect susceptible seals in an in vitro system. Exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Aroclor 1260 did not significantly alter lymphocyte proliferation (1, 5, 10, and 20 ppm). However, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), lymphocytes exposed to 20 ppm Aroclor 1260 exhibited a significant decrease in PDV replication at day 7 and a significant increase at day 11 compared with unexposed control cells. Similar and significant differences were apparent on exposure to Aroclor 1260 in monocytes and supernatant. The results here indicate that in harbor seals, Aroclor 1260 exposure results in a decrease in virus early during infection and an increase during late infection. The consequences of this contaminant-induced infection pattern in a highly susceptible host could result in a greater potential for systemic infection with greater viral load, which could explain the correlative findings seen in wild populations exposed to a range of persistent contaminants that suffer from morbillivirus epizootics. C1 [Bogomolni, Andrea; Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.; Levin, Milton; De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. [Matassa, Keith] Pacific Marine Mammal Ctr, 20612 Laguna Canyon Rd, Laguna Beach, CA 92651 USA. [Nielsen, Ole] Cent & Arctic Reg, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Waring, Gordon] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Connecticut Sea Grant Coll Program, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Bogomolni, A (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06268 USA.; Bogomolni, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole,Rd MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM andreab@whoi.edu FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program [NA10NMF4390260]; Sounds Conservancy Quebec Labrador Foundation Grant; Switzer Foundation Environmental Leadership Fellowship; NOAA/UCONN Oceans and Human Health I-RICH Fellowship FX This project was possible thanks to the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program (Grant No. NA10NMF4390260) and with support from the Sounds Conservancy Quebec Labrador Foundation Grant, the Switzer Foundation Environmental Leadership Fellowship, and he NOAA/UCONN Oceans and Human Health I-RICH Fellowship. Samples were obtained under NOAA NMFS Marine Mammal Parts Authorization, NOAA NEFSC Permit No. 17670, and PDV under United States Department of Agriculture Permit No. 123319. Many thanks to Judy St. Leger of SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment for serology data obtained on wild captured seals, to Erika Cote, Rebecca Gast, Guillermo Risatti, Shannon Prendiville, Kristen Patchett, the Marine Animal Rehabilitation and Conservation Center at UNE, the River-head Foundation for Marine Research and Preservation, and the United States Northeast/Greater Atlantic Region Marine Mammal Stranding Network staff and volunteers. NR 77 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 70 IS 1 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s00244-015-0178-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DB7UK UT WOS:000368721800011 PM 26142119 ER PT J AU Seif, M McAllister, T Main, J Luecke, W AF Seif, Mina McAllister, Therese Main, Joseph Luecke, William TI Finite Element Modeling of Steel Moment Connections with Fracture for Structural Fire Analyses SO ENGINEERING JOURNAL-AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE plastic strain; fracture; erosion strain; finite element analysis; material modeling; structural fire effects ID PLATE CONNECTIONS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Performance-based methodologies to evaluate the fire performance of structures are needed to move beyond the prescriptive procedures currently in use, which cannot be used to determine actual structural performance in fire. Analytical methods are needed for simulating the performance of structural systems, including connections, subject to realistic fire effects. Framing connections may be subject to large, unanticipated deformations and loads during fire events, and connection failure may lead to other failures or local collapse. This paper presents the development of detailed finite element models of typical moment connections for steel-framed structures. These detailed models incorporate temperature-dependent material models that have been calibrated against available test data from tensile coupons, including the modeling of necking behavior and fracture. The detailed connection models are loaded to failure to identify the applicable failure mechanisms. Connection performance at ambient and elevated temperatures is evaluated, and dominant failure modes are identified. C1 [Seif, Mina; McAllister, Therese; Main, Joseph; Luecke, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seif, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mina.seif@nist.gov; therese.mcallister@nist.gov; joseph.main@nist.gov; william.luecke@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCTION PI CHICAGO PA ONE EAST WACKER DR, SUITE 3100, CHICAGO, IL 60601-2001 USA SN 0013-8029 J9 ENG J AISC JI Eng. J.-Amer. Inst. Steel Constr. PY 2016 VL 53 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA DB5RB UT WOS:000368570200003 ER PT S AU Wang, ZZ Landis, FA Giuseppetti, AAM Lin-Gibson, S Chiang, MYM AF Wang, Zhengzhi Landis, Forrest A. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. M. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Chiang, Martin Y. M. BE Sciammarella, C Considine, J Gloeckner, P TI Simultaneous Measurement of Polymerization Stress Evolution, Conversion Kinetics, and Exotherm in Real-Time SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS, VOL 4 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Polymerization stress; Tensometer; Infrared spectrometer; Photopolymerization; Composites ID DENTAL RESIN-COMPOSITES; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; CONTRACTION STRESS; ORIGINS AB Photopolymerized composites are used in a broad range of applications with their performance largely directed by reaction kinetics and contraction accompanying polymerization. Herein, we demonstrate an instrument capable of simultaneously collecting multiple kinetics parameters for a wide range of photopolymerizable systems: degree of conversion (DC), reaction exotherm, and polymerization stress (PS). Our system consists of a cantilever beam-based instrument (tensometer) that has been optimized to capture a large range of stresses. The sample configuration allows the tensometer being coupled to a fast near infrared (NIR) spectrometer collecting spectra in transmission. Using our instrument design, simultaneous measurements of PS, DC, and exotherm are performed, for the first time, on a commercial composite with similar to 80 % (by mass) silica particle fillers. This new system is expected to provide new insights into kinetics and property relationships for photopolymerized composites. C1 [Wang, Zhengzhi; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Landis, Forrest A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, York Campus, York, PA 17403 USA. [Giuseppetti, Anthony A. M.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-22449-7; 978-3-319-22448-0 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22449-7_18 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BE1UI UT WOS:000368587400018 ER PT J AU Griffiths, J Ray, J AF Griffiths, J. Ray, J. TI Impacts of GNSS position offsets on global frame stability SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time-series analysis; Satellite geodesy; Reference systems; Sea level change; Earth rotation variations; Plate motions ID DEFORMATION; ERRORS AB While it has been known for some time that offsets in the time-series of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position estimates degrade station velocity determinations, the magnitude of the effect has not been clear. Using products of the International GNSS Service (IGS), we assess the impact empirically by injecting progressively larger numbers of artificial offsets and solving for a series of long-term secular GNSS frames. Our results show that the stability of the IGS global frame datum is fairly robust, with significant effects at the formal error level only for the R-x (and Y-pole) and R-z rotational orientations. On the other hand, station velocity estimates are more seriously affected, especially the vertical component. For the typical IGS station, the mean vertical rate uncertainty is already limited to 0.34 mm yr(--1) for the current set of position discontinuities. If the number of breaks doubles, which might occur using newer detection schemes, then that uncertainty will worsen by similar to 40 per cent to 0.48 mm yr(--1). This error source is generally a more important component of realistic velocity uncertainties than any other, including accounting for temporal correlations in the GNSS data. The only way to improve future GNSS velocity estimates is to severely limit manmade displacements at the tracking stations. C1 [Griffiths, J.] US Navy, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, J.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Griffiths, J (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jake.griffiths@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 204 IS 1 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv455 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA DB3QS UT WOS:000368427000030 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Golaz, JC Held, IM Ramaswamy, V Lin, SJ Ming, Y Ginoux, P Wyman, B Donner, LJ Paynter, D Guo, H AF Zhao, Ming Golaz, J. -C. Held, I. M. Ramaswamy, V. Lin, S. -J. Ming, Y. Ginoux, P. Wyman, B. Donner, L. J. Paynter, D. Guo, H. TI Uncertainty in Model Climate Sensitivity Traced to Representations of Cumulus Precipitation Microphysics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Cloud microphysics; Models and modeling; Climate models; Cloud parameterizations; Convective parameterization ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CLOUD FEEDBACKS; MASS-FLUX; CONVECTION SCHEME; SELF-AGGREGATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Uncertainty in equilibrium climate sensitivity impedes accurate climate projections. While the intermodel spread is known to arise primarily from differences in cloud feedback, the exact processes responsible for the spread remain unclear. To help identify some key sources of uncertainty, the authors use a developmental version of the next-generation Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global climate model (GCM) to construct a tightly controlled set of GCMs where only the formulation of convective precipitation is changed. The different models provide simulation of present-day climatology of comparable quality compared to the model ensemble from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). The authors demonstrate that model estimates of climate sensitivity can be strongly affected by the manner through which cumulus cloud condensate is converted into precipitation in a model's convection parameterization, processes that are only crudely accounted for in GCMs. In particular, two commonly used methods for converting cumulus condensate into precipitation can lead to drastically different climate sensitivity, as estimated here with an atmosphere-land model by increasing sea surface temperatures uniformly and examining the response in the top-of-atmosphere energy balance. The effect can be quantified through a bulk convective detrainment efficiency, which measures the ability of cumulus convection to generate condensate per unit precipitation. The model differences, dominated by shortwave feedbacks, come from broad regimes ranging from large-scale ascent to subsidence regions. Given current uncertainties in representing convective precipitation microphysics and the current inability to find a clear observational constraint that favors one version of the authors' model over the others, the implications of this ability to engineer climate sensitivity need to be considered when estimating the uncertainty in climate projections. C1 [Zhao, Ming; Golaz, J. -C.; Held, I. M.; Ramaswamy, V.; Lin, S. -J.; Ming, Y.; Ginoux, P.; Wyman, B.; Donner, L. J.; Paynter, D.; Guo, H.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming; Guo, H.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU Climate Variability and Predictability Program [GC14-252]; NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors are grateful for helpful comments and suggestions from Drs. Michael Winton, Rong Zhang, and Nir Benmoshe. Comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers have significantly improved the paper. This research is partially funded by NOAA's Climate Program Office, Climate Variability and Predictability Program (GC14-252). The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 2 BP 543 EP 560 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0191.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6OJ UT WOS:000368634000001 ER PT J AU Gilford, DM Solomon, S Portmann, RW AF Gilford, Daniel M. Solomon, Susan Portmann, Robert W. TI Radiative Impacts of the 2011 Abrupt Drops in Water Vapor and Ozone in the Tropical Tropopause Layer SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Stratospheric circulation; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Tropopause; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Ozone; Radiative forcing; Water vapor; Observational techniques and algorithms; Satellite observations ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; CONVECTIVE OUTFLOW; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PERTURBATIONS; EMISSIVITY; ABSORPTION AB An abrupt drop in tropical tropopause layer (TTL) water vapor, similar to that observed in 2000, recently occurred in 2011, and was concurrent with reductions in TTL temperature and ozone. Previous studies have indicated that such large water vapor variability can have significant radiative impacts. This study uses Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations, the Stratospheric Water Vapor and Ozone Satellite Homogenized dataset, and two radiative transfer models to examine the radiative effects of the observed changes in TTL water vapor and ozone on TTL temperatures and global radiative forcing (RF). The analyses herein suggest that quasi-isentropic poleward propagation of TTL water vapor reductions results in a zonal-mean structure with wings of extratropical water vapor reductions, which account for about half of the 2011 abrupt drop global radiative impact. RF values associated with the mean water vapor concentrations differences between 2012/13 and 2010/11 are between -0.01 and -0.09 W m(-2), depending upon the altitude above which perturbations are considered. TTL water vapor and ozone variability during this period jointly lead to a transient radiative cooling of similar to 0.25-0.5 K in layers below the tropopause. The 2011 abrupt drop also prolonged the reduction in stratospheric water vapor that followed the 2000 abrupt drop, providing a longer-term radiative forcing of climate. Water vapor concentrations from 2005 to 2013 are lower than those from 1990 to 1999, resulting in a RF between these periods of about -0.045 W m(-2), approximately 12% as large as, but of opposite sign to, the concurrent estimated CO2 forcing. C1 [Gilford, Daniel M.; Solomon, Susan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Portmann, Robert W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gilford, DM (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dgilford@mit.edu RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; FU NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX14AK83H]; NSF [AGS-1342810, AGS-1461517] FX The lead author thanks Andrew Conley and Diane Ivy for assistance in implementing PORT. The lead author is grateful to Jeffrey Scott and Greg Shomo for maintaining the computing resources that were used to perform data analyses and models integrations. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved this manuscript. This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program by Grant NNX14AK83H. It was also supported by NSF Grants AGS-1342810 and -1461517. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 2 BP 595 EP 612 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0167.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6PD UT WOS:000368636100002 ER PT J AU Hagmann, JA Le, ST Richter, CA Seiler, DG AF Hagmann, Joseph A. Le, Son T. Richter, Curt A. Seiler, David G. TI Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Engineering; Issue 107; Nanoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Nano-fabrication; Electron beam lithography; Magnetotransport; Two-dimensional materials; Graphene; Electronic materials AB Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film synthesis) for the purpose of exploratory materials research. Certain materials pose a challenge wherein the traditional bulk Hall bar device fabrication method is insufficient to produce a measureable device for sample transport measurement, principally because the single crystal size is too small to attach wire leads to the sample in a Hall bar configuration. This can be, for example, because the first batch of a new material synthesized yields very small single crystals or because flakes of samples of one to very few monolayers are desired. In order to enable rapid characterization of materials that may be carried out in parallel with improvements to their growth methodology, a method of device fabrication for very small samples has been devised to permit the characterization of novel materials as soon as a preliminary batch has been produced. A slight variation of this methodology is applicable to producing devices using exfoliated samples of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as well as multilayer heterostructures of such materials. Here we present detailed protocols for the experimental device fabrication of fragments and flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate and subsequent measurement in a commercial superconducting magnet, dry helium close-cycle cryostat magnetotransport system at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T. C1 [Hagmann, Joseph A.; Le, Son T.; Richter, Curt A.; Seiler, David G.] NIST, Engn Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hagmann, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hagmann@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States Department of Commerce FX This work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States Department of Commerce. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JAN PY 2016 IS 107 AR e53506 DI 10.3791/53506 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DB5TV UT WOS:000368577400037 PM 26863449 ER PT S AU Forster, AL Chin, J Peng, JS Kang, KL Rice, K Al-Sheikhly, M AF Forster, Amanda L. Chin, Joannie Peng, Jyun-Siang Kang, Kai-li Rice, Kirk Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad BE Ralph, C Silberstein, M Thakre, PR Singh, R TI Long Term Stability of UHMWPE Fibers SO MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, VOL 7 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference and Exposition of Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 08-11, 2015 CL Costa Mesa, CA SP Soc Experimental Mech DE High strength fibers; Long term stability; Polyethylene; Aging; Body armor ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE; THERMAL-OXIDATION REACTIONS; GEL-SPUN; PHASE-TRANSITION; HEXAGONAL PHASE; REEXAMINATION; DEGRADATION; POLYMERS; POLYPROPYLENE; COMPOSITES AB The performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers for ballistic protection is predicated on the development of a highly aligned molecular structure that allows the polymer to exhibit a superior strength in the axial direction of the fiber. Body armor manufacturers have exploited the inherent strength of these materials to develop body armor that continues to defeat ever-increasing ballistic threats. However, even an ideal molecular structure will be subjected to degradation during use, which can reduce the high strength of these fibers, and impact their ability to protect the wearer. In this work, the long term stability of UHMWPE fibers is investigated by exposing yarns to temperatures of 43, 65, 90, and 115 degrees C for periods of time up to 81 weeks, and monitoring the tensile strength of the yarns. The activation energy for this aging mechanism was calculated to be approximately 140 kJ/mol. Changes in the oxidation index of this material due to aging were also studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and these changes are compared with changes in tensile strength. The effect of aging on the morphology of the fibers is also studied using thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. C1 [Forster, Amanda L.; Kang, Kai-li; Rice, Kirk] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chin, Joannie; Peng, Jyun-Siang] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forster, AL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amanda.forster@nist.gov OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-21762-8; 978-3-319-21761-1 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21762-8_43 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE1SW UT WOS:000368488900043 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Wan, QL Shen, XY Meng, ZY Zhang, FQ Weng, YH Sippel, J Gao, YD Zhang, YJ Yue, J AF Zhu, Lei Wan, Qilin Shen, Xinyong Meng, Zhiyong Zhang, Fuqing Weng, Yonghui Sippel, Jason Gao, Yudong Zhang, Yunji Yue, Jian TI Prediction and Predictability of High-Impact Western Pacific Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Vicente (2012) through Convection-Permitting Ensemble Assimilation of Doppler Radar Velocity SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Hurricanes; Observational techniques and algorithms; Radars; Radar observations; Forecasting; Ensembles; Mesoscale forecasting; Models and modeling; Data assimilation; Mesoscale models ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; PART I; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; HURRICANE INTENSITY; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; HEDAS EVALUATION; MESOSCALE; FORECASTS AB The current study explores the use of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to continuously assimilate high-resolution Doppler radar data during the peak-intensity stage of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Vicente (2012) before landfall. The WRF-EnKF analyses and forecasts along with the ensembles initialized from the EnKF analyses at different times were used to examine the subsequent evolution, three-dimensional (3D) structure, predictability, and dynamics of the storm. Vicente was an intense western North Pacific tropical cyclone that made landfall around 2000 UTC 23 July 2012 near the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province, China, with a peak 10-m wind speed around 44 m s(-1) along with considerable inland flooding after a rapid intensification process. With vortex- and dynamics-dependent background error covariance estimated by the short-term ensemble forecasts, it was found that the WRF-EnKF could efficiently assimilate the high temporal and spatial resolution 3D radar radial velocity to improve the depiction of the TC inner-core structure of Vicente, which in turn improved the forecasts of the track and intensity along with the associated heavy precipitation inland. The ensemble forecasts and sensitivity analyses were further used to explore the leading dynamics that controlled the prediction and predictability of track, intensity, and rainfall during and after its landfall. Results showed that TC Vicente's intensity and precipitation forecasts were largely dependent on the initial relationship between TC intensity and location and the initial steering flow. C1 [Zhu, Lei; Meng, Zhiyong; Zhang, Yunji; Yue, Jian] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, 209 Chengfu Rd, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Lei; Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Lei; Wan, Qilin; Gao, Yudong] Guangzhou Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Key Lab Reg Numer Weather Predict, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sippel, Jason] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Sippel, Jason] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Meng, ZY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, 209 Chengfu Rd, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM zymeng@pku.edu.cn RI Meng, Zhiyong/K-8351-2012; Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Zhang, Yunji/A-9848-2014 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Zhang, Yunji/0000-0002-9516-5355 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2013CB430103]; China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201306004, 201006016]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41425018, 4141101075, 41375058]; NOAA/HFIP Program, NSF [0840651, 1305798]; Office of Naval Research [N000140910526] FX This work was partially supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant 2013CB430103 (LZ and XS), the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest Grants GYHY201306004 (LZ, ZM, YZ, and JY) and 201006016 (LZ, QW, and YG), and the Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 41425018, 4141101075 (LZ, ZM, YZ, and JY), and 41375058 (LZ and XS). FZ and YW were partially supported by the NOAA/HFIP Program, NSF Grants 0840651 and 1305798, and the Office of Naval Research Grant N000140910526. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 1 BP 21 EP 43 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00403.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6MN UT WOS:000368629200002 ER PT J AU Peckham, SE Smirnova, TG Benjamin, SG Brown, JM Kenyon, JS AF Peckham, Steven E. Smirnova, Tatiana G. Benjamin, Stanley G. Brown, John M. Kenyon, Jaymes S. TI Implementation of a Digital Filter Initialization in the WRF Model and Its Application in the Rapid Refresh SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forecasting; Mesoscale forecasting; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Operational forecasting; Short-range prediction; Models and modeling; Data assimilation; Model initialization ID DIABATIC INITIALIZATION; HIRLAM MODEL; SCHEME; PREDICTION AB Because of limitations of variational and ensemble data assimilation schemes, resulting analysis fields exhibit some noise from imbalance in subsequent model forecasts. Controlling finescale noise is desirable in the NOAA's Rapid Refresh (RAP) assimilation/forecast system, which uses an hourly data assimilation cycle. Hence, a digital filter initialization (DFI) capability has been introduced into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and applied operationally in the RAP, for which hourly intermittent assimilation makes DFI essential. A brief overview of the DFI approach, its implementation, and some of its advantages are discussed. Results from a 1-week impact test with and without DFI demonstrate that DFI is effective at reducing high-frequency noise in short-term operational forecasts as well as providing evidence of reduced errors in the 1-h mass and momentum fields. However, DFI is also shown to reduce the strength of parameterized deep moist convection during the first hour of the forecast. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Peckham, SE (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL GSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. EM steven.peckham@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0219.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6MT UT WOS:000368629800003 ER PT J AU Stevenson, SN Corbosiero, KL Abarca, SF AF Stevenson, Stephanie N. Corbosiero, Kristen L. Abarca, Sergio F. TI Lightning in Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: A Comparison to the North Atlantic SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; North Atlantic Ocean; North Pacific Ocean; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Lightning; Tropical cyclones ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DIURNAL CYCLE; LOCATION NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; STORM MOTION; INTENSITY; CONVECTION; HURRICANE AB As global lightning detection has become more reliable, many studies have analyzed the characteristics of lightning in tropical cyclones (TCs); however, very few studies have examined flashes in eastern North Pacific (ENP) basin TCs. This study uses lightning detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to explore the relationship between lightning and sea surface temperatures (SSTs), the diurnal cycle, the storm motion and vertical wind shear vectors, and the 24-h intensity change in ENP TCs during 2006-14. The results are compared to storms in the North Atlantic (NA).Higher flash counts were found over warmer SSTs, with 28 degrees-30 degrees C SSTs experiencing the highest 6-hourly flash counts. Most TC lightning flashes occurred at night and during the early morning hours, with minimal activity after local noon. The ENP peak (0800 LST) was slightly earlier than the NA (0900-1100 LST). Despite similar storm motion directions and differing vertical wind shear directions in the two basins, shear dominated the overall azimuthal lightning distribution. Lightning was most often observed downshear left in the inner core (0-100 km) and downshear right in the outer rainbands (100-300 km). A caveat to these relationships were fast-moving ENP TCs with opposing shear and motion vectors, in which lightning peaked downmotion (upshear) instead. Finally, similar to previous studies, higher flash densities in the inner core (outer rainbands) were associated with nonintensifying (intensifying) TCs. This last result constitutes further evidence in the efforts to associate lightning activity to TC intensity forecasting. C1 [Stevenson, Stephanie N.; Corbosiero, Kristen L.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Abarca, Sergio F.] IM Syst Grp, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Abarca, Sergio F.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Stevenson, SN (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM sstevenson@albany.edu FU University of California Institute for Mexico; United States (UC MEXUS); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [CN-10-431]; NASA [NNX12AJ81G] FX The authors thank four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Fernando Oropeza and Graciela Raga from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico for their involvement in this research project, which began at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), with support from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) Grant CN-10-431. The authors wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. This work was completed with NASA Award NNX12AJ81G. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 IS 1 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-15-0276.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DB6MX UT WOS:000368630200004 ER PT J AU de Souza, V Schantz, M Mateus, VL Alberici, RM do Rego, ECP Rocha, WF Rodrigues, JM Eberlin, MN AF de Souza, Vanderlea Schantz, Michele Mateus, Vinicius L. Alberici, Rosana M. do Rego, Eliane C. P. Rocha, Werickson F. Rodrigues, Janaina M. Eberlin, Marcos N. TI Using the L/O ratio to determine blend composition in biodiesel by EASI-MS corroborated by GC-FID and GC-MS SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SONIC-SPRAY IONIZATION; FRYING OIL; QUALITY-CONTROL; FUEL PROPERTIES; METHYL-ESTERS; SUNFLOWER OIL; ANIMAL FAT; MIXTURES; TYPIFICATION AB Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) is applied to the analysis of biodiesel blends prepared from soybean and animal fat biodiesel. A correlation was established between the ratio of abundance of linoleic acid (L) and oleic acid (O) methyl ester ions with the biodiesel blend composition. To compare these results from the EASI-MS technique, the L/O ratio of these blends was also determined using both gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both these classical techniques confirmed that the ratio between the mass fraction of FAME from L and O as measured by EASI-MS is indeed correlated with the blend composition of soybean-animal fat biodiesel. C1 [de Souza, Vanderlea; Mateus, Vinicius L.; Alberici, Rosana M.; do Rego, Eliane C. P.; Rocha, Werickson F.; Rodrigues, Janaina M.] Natl Inst Metrol Qual & Technol, BR-25250020 Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alberici, Rosana M.; Eberlin, Marcos N.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Chem, ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Lab, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Alberici, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol Qual & Technol, BR-25250020 Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. EM rmalberici@hotmail.com RI Alberici, Rosana/M-6635-2014; OI Lionel Mateus, Vinicius/0000-0002-7732-6207 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 682 EP 687 DI 10.1039/c5ay02180d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DA7LJ UT WOS:000367985300028 ER PT J AU Overstreet, BT Riebe, CS Wooster, JK Sklar, LS Bellugi, D AF Overstreet, Brandon T. Riebe, Clifford S. Wooster, John K. Sklar, Leonard S. Bellugi, Dino TI Tools for gauging the capacity of salmon spawning substrates SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE river restoration; Pacific salmon; salmon spawning habitat; fluvial geomorphology; aquatic ecology ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SURFACE GRAIN-SIZE; CHINOOK SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FINE SEDIMENT; REDDS AB We present a set of river management tools based on a recently developed method for estimating the amount of salmon spawning habitat in coarse-bedded rivers. The method, which was developed from a mechanistic model of redd building by female salmon, combines empirical relationships between fish length, redd area, and the sizes of particles moved by fish during spawning. Model inputs are the grain-size indices D-50 and D-84 and an estimate of female fish length, which is used to predict the size of the redd that they will build and the size of the largest particle that they can move on the bed. Outputs include predictions of the fraction of the bed that the fish can use for redd building and the number of redds that they can build within the useable area. We cast the model into easy-to-use look-up tables, charts, an Excel worksheet, a JavaScript web applet, and a MATLAB user interface. We explain how these tools can be used in a new, mechanistic approach to assessing spawning substrates and optimizing gravel augmentation projects in coarse-bedded rivers. (c) 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 [Overstreet, Brandon T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Riebe, Clifford S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wooster, John K.] NOAA Fisheries, Habitat Conservat Div, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Sklar, Leonard S.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Earth & Climate Sci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Bellugi, Dino] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Overstreet, BT (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geog, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM boverstr@uwyo.edu; criebe@uwyo.edu OI Overstreet, Brandon/0000-0001-7845-6671 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0956289] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0956289 to Riebe. The authors thank Frank Ligon for inspiration and Matt Sloat and Nick Brozovic for helpful discussions. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 130 EP 142 DI 10.1002/esp.3831 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA DA7UY UT WOS:000368011200011 ER PT J AU Brooks, BW Lazorchak, JM Howard, MDA Johnson, MVV Morton, SL Perkins, DAK Reavie, ED Scott, GI Smith, SA Steevens, JA AF Brooks, Bryan W. Lazorchak, James M. Howard, Meredith D. A. Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Morton, Steve L. Perkins, Dawn A. K. Reavie, Euan D. Scott, Geoffrey I. Smith, Stephanie A. Steevens, Jeffery A. TI Are Harmful Algal Blooms Becoming the Greatest Inland Water Quality Threat to Public Health and Aquatic Ecosystems? SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Harmful algae; Climate change; Urbanization; Agriculture; Salinization; Lake and reservoir monitoring; Toxin; Ambient toxicity; Essential services of environmental public health ID PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM BLOOMS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE-ERIE; EUTROPHICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENT; QUESTIONS; IMPACTS AB In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration of HABs in inland waters are poorly understood across spatiotemporal scales and differentially engaged among states, tribes, and territories. Harmful algal bloom impacts are not as predictable as those from conventional chemical contaminants, for which water quality assessment and management programs were primarily developed, because interactions among multiple natural and anthropogenic factors determine the likelihood and severity to which a HAB will occur in a specific water body. These forcing factors can also affect toxin production. Beyond site-specific water quality degradation caused directly by HABs, the presence of HAB toxins can negatively influence routine surface water quality monitoring, assessment, and management practices. Harmful algal blooms present significant challenges for achieving water quality protection and restoration goals when these toxins confound interpretation of monitoring results and environmental quality standards implementation efforts for other chemicals and stressors. Whether HABs presently represent the greatest threat to inland water quality is debatable, though in inland waters of developed countries they typically cause more severe acute impacts to environmental quality than conventional chemical contamination events. The authors identify several timely research needs. Environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, and risk-assessment expertise must interface with ecologists, engineers, and public health practitioners to engage the complexities of HAB assessment and management, to address the forcing factors for HAB formation, and to reduce the threats posed to inland surface water quality. (C) 2015 SETAC C1 [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Inst Biomed Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lazorchak, James M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Howard, Meredith D. A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Temple, TX USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Perkins, Dawn A. K.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reavie, Euan D.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Scott, Geoffrey I.] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Smith, Stephanie A.] Beagle Bioprod, Columbus, OH USA. [Steevens, Jeffery A.] US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Brooks, BW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Inst Biomed Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM bryan_brooks@baylor.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Lazorchak, James/0000-0002-7354-7571 FU Fulbright Visiting Research Chair in Water and the Environment at the University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada FX Permission was granted by the US Army Corps of Engineers chief of engineers to publish this material. The information in this document has been subjected to review by the USEPA, the US Department of Agriculture, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this column are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the USEPA, the US Department of Agriculture, or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. During the development of this column, B.W. Brooks was supported as the Fulbright Visiting Research Chair in Water and the Environment at the University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, and as a Visiting Erskine Fellow at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 51 U2 153 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1002/etc.3220 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DA9KI UT WOS:000368127200001 PM 26771345 ER PT J AU Berghahn, R Duffy-Anderson, JT Loher, T AF Berghahn, Ruediger Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Loher, Timothy TI The Fine Nine: International Symposia on Flatfish Ecology 1990-2014 SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Flatfish Symposium (IFS) CY NOV, 2014 CL Cle Elum, WA DE International Flatfish Symposium C1 [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Loher, Timothy] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Timothy Loher, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 107 SI SI BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2015.07.011 PN 1 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA8GP UT WOS:000368043400002 ER PT J AU Sohn, D Ciannelli, L Duffy-Anderson, JT AF Sohn, D. Ciannelli, L. Duffy-Anderson, J. T. TI Distribution of early life Pacific halibut and comparison with Greenland halibut in the eastern Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Flatfish Symposium (IFS) CY NOV, 2014 CL Cle Elum, WA DE Pacific halibut; Greenland halibut; Eastem Bering Sea; Distribution; Settlement; Early life history ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; TRANSPORT; ALASKA; FLATFISH; SHELF; RECRUITMENT; PATHWAYS AB Information about spatial distribution patterns during early life stages of fish is key to understanding dispersal trajectories and connectivity from spawning to nursery areas, as well as adult population dynamics. More than 30 years of historical field data were analyzed in order to describe the horizontal and vertical distributions of Pacific halibut early life stages (larvae to juveniles) in the eastern Bering Sea and to compare the distributions between Pacific halibut and Greenland halibut. Our results indicate that spawning for both species likely occurred in Bering and Pribilof canyons, along the slope between the two canyons, and on the eastern side of the Aleutian Islands during winter, but Pacific halibut spawning was protracted until early spring. Larvae of both species rose to shallower depths in the water column as they developed, but Pacific halibut larvae had an abrupt movement toward shallower depths. Geographically, larvae for both species either advected northwestward along the Bering Sea Slope or crossed onto the shelves from the slope regions, but the timing in Pacific halibut larval progression onto the shelf and along the slope was earlier than for Greenland halibut larvae. Pacific halibut juveniles (<= 90 mm total length (TL)) were mostly found in the inner shelf between Bristol Bay and Nunivak Island, along the Alaskan Peninsula, and in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands. The range of Greenland halibut juvenile (<= 90 mm TL) distribution was expanded to south of the Pribilof Islands in the middle shelf and to the inner shelf. Although the two species share some attributes (i.e., spawning location) during early life stages, there were species-specific differences associated with spatial distribution (vertically and horizontally), timing differences in larval progression onto the shelves, pelagic larval duration, and juvenile nursery areas. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sohn, D.; Ciannelli, L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, J. T.] NOAA Fisheries, Recruitment Proc Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sohn, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dsohn@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 107 SI SI BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2015.09.001 PN 1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA8GP UT WOS:000368043400006 ER PT J AU McElroy, WD Wuenschel, MJ Towle, EK McBride, RS AF McElroy, W. David Wuenschel, Mark. J. Towle, Emilee K. McBride, Richard S. TI Spatial and annual variation in fecundity and oocyte atresia of yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea, in US waters SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Flatfish Symposium (IFS) CY NOV, 2014 CL Cle Elum, WA DE Fecundity; Atresia; Stereology; Down-regulation; Geographic variation; Condition ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; ATLANTIC COD; WINTER FLOUNDER; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; POTENTIAL FECUNDITY; STOCK STRUCTURE; EGG-PRODUCTION; NORTH-SEA AB Potential annual fecundity (PAF) was estimated over three years (2010-2012) for yellowtail flounder with individuals from the three stocks off the northeast U.S. coast. Dowd-regulation of PAP, the resorption of oocytes during development, was evident as the vitellogenic cohort advanced, so we directly measured atresia of vitellogenic oocytes using stereological techniques. PAF models including relative fish condition, stock area, year and oocyte diameter of the leading cohort explained more variation than models with just size alone based on Akaike information criteria. In a given year, Gulf of Maine females had lower PAF at size than southern New England females. Interannual differences were evident: PAF of both stocks was higher in 2010 and lower in 2012, with 2011 showing less synchronization between these stocks. Differences in size at age and relative condition suggested that energy available for somatic and reproductive growth was lower in some years in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank, especially in 2011. Georges Bank PAP and condition were intermediate to the other stocks, or more similar to the Gulf of Maine, varying annually. A latitudinal gradient in PAF is evident based on our results and relative to earlier studies that included Canadian stocks. The magnitude of down-regulation was variable across stocks and typically 3-25% of PAF. This can be accounted for in fecundity estimates, by the seasonal schedule of sampling and use of an oocyte diameter term in the fecundity model. Theoretical models of atresia patterns suggested variable rates over the later portion of clutch development. The timing of,down-regulation varied among years, and its intensity was influenced by female relative condition. Fecundity was related to fish size, but was also affected by fish condition and oocyte diameter (a proxy for time until spawning), and spatial and temporal effects. A longer time series of PAF may identify environmental drivers that modulate annual stock reproductive potential. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McElroy, W. David; Towle, Emilee K.] Integrated Stat Inc, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McElroy, W. David; Wuenschel, Mark. J.; Towle, Emilee K.; McBride, Richard S.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McElroy, WD (reprint author), Integrated Stat Inc, 16 Sumner St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Dave.McElroy@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 107 SI SI BP 76 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2015.06.015 PN 1 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA8GP UT WOS:000368043400010 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, LS Payne, AM Field, JC AF Lefebvre, Lyndsey S. Payne, Amber M. Field, John C. TI Reproductive dynamics of Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus, off the central coast of California SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Flatfish Symposium (IFS) CY NOV, 2014 CL Cle Elum, WA DE Reproduction; Maturity; Gonad histology; Batch fecundity; Spawning interval; Maternal effects ID NORTH-SEA PLAICE; PARALICHTHYS-LETHOSTIGMA; POSTOVULATORY FOLLICLES; SOUTHERN FLOUNDER; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; EGG-PRODUCTION; REACTION NORMS; MARINE FISH; MATURATION; FECUNDITY AB Female Pacific sanddab were collected from the Monterey Bay, California to describe their reproductive strategy and annual reproductive cycle, as well as to estimate length at maturity, fecundity, spawning fraction (SF), and spawning interval (SI). Captive females were held to examine degradation of spawning markers and confirmed the biological spawning capabilities of the species. The reproductive season extended from May through January, as determined through macroscopic and histological examination of ovaries. Oocyte development was asynchronous, and an indeterminate fecundity pattern was displayed. Absolute and relative batch fecundity values were variable (means = 6663 eggs and 54 eggs g(-1) somatic weight, respectively) and significantly related to maternal length. During the period of highest reproductive activity, SF ranged from 0.42 to 0.98, suggesting some females were spawning on a daily basis. Monthly SF and SI were related to length, with smaller females having a truncated season and lower SF compared to larger females. Lengths at 50% (119 mm) and 95% (149 mm) maturity showed a downward shift relative to the 1940s, though the magnitude and cause of this shift remain unknown. This study highlights the importance of considering demographic shifts and size-related dynamics when modeling a stock's reproductive potential. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lefebvre, Lyndsey S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Lefebvre, Lyndsey S.; Payne, Amber M.; Field, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Lefebvre, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lyndsey.lefebvre@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 EI 1873-1414 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 107 SI SI BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2015.07.003 PN 1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA DA8GP UT WOS:000368043400012 ER PT J AU Cortes-Hinojosa, G Gulland, FMD DeLong, R Gelatt, T Archer, L Wellehan, JFX AF Cortes-Hinojosa, Galaxia Gulland, Frances M. D. DeLong, Robert Gelatt, Tom Archer, Linda Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. TI A NOVEL GAMMAHERPESVIRUS IN NORTHERN FUR SEALS (CALLORHINUS URSINUS) IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE CALIFORNIA SEA LION (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED OTARINE HERPESVIRUS-1 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Herpesvirus; northern fur seal; Otarine herpesvirus 1; Otarine herpesvirus 4; phylogeny ID METASTATIC CARCINOMA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; VIRUS; INFECTION; PHYLOGENIES; EXPRESSION; MODELS; ORIGIN; TYPE-1 AB Otarine herpesvirus 1 (OtHV1) is strongly associated with California sea lion (CSL, Zalophus californianus) urogenital carcinoma, the most common cancer documented in marine mammals. In addition to CSL, OtHV1 has also been found in association with carcinoma in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), demonstrating it can infect related species. Northern fur seals (NFS, Callorhinus ursinus) are sympatric with CSL, and copulation between these species has been observed; yet, there are no reports of urogenital carcinoma in NFS. We describe a new Otarine herpesvirus found in vaginal swabs from NFS, herein called OtHV4. Partial sequencing of the polymerase gene and the glycoprotein B gene revealed OtHV4 is closely related to OtHV1, with 95% homology in the region of polymerase sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that they are sister taxa. An OtHV4-specific hydrolysis probe quantitative PCR was developed and validated, and its use on vaginal swabs revealed 16 of 50 (32%) wild adult female NFS were positive for OtHV4. The identification of a virus highly similar to the carcinoma-associated OtHV1 in a sympatric species without carcinoma suggests that comparative genomics of OtHV1 and OtHV4 may identify candidate viral oncogenes. C1 [Cortes-Hinojosa, Galaxia; Archer, Linda; Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [DeLong, Robert; Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wellehan, JFX (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, 2015 SW 16th Ave,POB 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM wellehanj@ufl.edu OI Cortes-Hinojosa, Galaxia/0000-0002-6160-9093 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Marine Fisheries Service; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0252]; NOAA [00090868] FX This work was funded by grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service through the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program to The Marine Mammal Center, and by grant N00014-09-1-0252 from the Office of Naval Research, and NOAA contract 00090868 to J.F.X.W. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.7589/2015-03-060 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA DA6GX UT WOS:000367901800009 PM 26555110 ER PT J AU Nealon, R Nixon, C Price, DJ King, A AF Nealon, Rebecca Nixon, Chris Price, Daniel J. King, Andrew TI Apsidal precession, disc breaking and viscosity in warped discs SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; MHD ID TILTED ACCRETION DISKS; KERR BLACK-HOLE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; MISALIGNED ACCRETION; GRMHD SIMULATIONS; MODERATELY THIN; BINARY-SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTION AB We demonstrate the importance of general relativistic apsidal precession in warped black hole accretion discs by comparing three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations in which this effect is first neglected, and then included. If apsidal precession is neglected, we confirm the results of an earlier magnetohydrodynamic simulation which made this assumption, showing that at least in this case the a viscosity model produces very similar results to those of simulations where angular momentum transport is due to the magnetorotational instability. Including apsidal precession significantly changes the predicted disc evolution. For moderately inclined discs thick enough that tilt is transported by bending waves, we find a disc tilt which is non-zero at the inner disc edge and oscillates with radius, consistent with published analytic results. For larger inclinations, we find disc breaking. C1 [Nealon, Rebecca; Price, Daniel J.] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Astrophys MoCA, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Nealon, Rebecca; Price, Daniel J.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Nealon, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, Monash Ctr Astrophys MoCA, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM rebecca.nealon@monash.edu OI Price, Daniel/0000-0002-4716-4235 FU Australian Postgraduate Award; Australian Research Council [FT130100034]; NASA [PF2-130098]; Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/M005917/1]; STFC Consolidated Grant; Swinburne; Australian Government's Education Investment Fund FX RN is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award. DJP is supported by a Future Fellowship (FT130100034) from the Australian Research Council. CN thanks NASA for support through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF2-130098. CN was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant number ST/M005917/1). Research in theoretical astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC Consolidated Grant. This work was performed on the gSTAR national facility at Swinburne University of Technology. gSTAR is funded by Swinburne and the Australian Government's Education Investment Fund. We used SPLASH (Price 2007). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 455 IS 1 BP L62 EP L66 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/slv149 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DA7TB UT WOS:000368005900014 ER PT J AU Farrow, K Brinson, A Wallmo, K Lew, DK AF Farrow, Katherine Brinson, Ayeisha Wallmo, Kristy Lew, Daniel K. TI Environmental attitudes in the aftermath of the Gulf Oil Spill SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental attitudes; Environmental disaster; Gulf Oil Spill; New ecological paradigm; Public opinion ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM; PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS; INFORMATION; SCALE; BELIEFS; CONTEXT; SUPPORT; VALUES; IMPACT AB In the 1960s and 1970's, prominent environmental disasters seemed to mobilize the U.S. public, and many key environmental laws were subsequently enacted. Theories surrounding public opinion formation, however, generally regard single events as unlikely to impact attitudes in a major way. Given the conflicting evidence provided by anecdotal accounts and public opinion theory, we explore whether the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (Gulf Oil Spill) impacted public concern for the environment in the United States. In this study we use data from a national-level survey implemented before and after the Gulf Oil Spill to examine pre- and post-spill environmental attitudes as measured by a subset of the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We find that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the recent Gulf Oil Spill had a significant impact on environmental attitudes, a result consistent with theories concerning the influence of individual events on public opinion. Additional findings imply that some types of messages are likely to be more effective than others in public communications about the environment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Farrow, Katherine; Brinson, Ayeisha; Wallmo, Kristy] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Farrow, K (reprint author), Montpellier Lab Theoret & Appl Econ, 2 Pl Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. EM kate.farrow@supagro.inra.fr RI Parthasarathy, Ganapriya/B-2547-2012; OI Parthasarathy, Ganapriya/0000-0002-9018-9673; Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X FU NOAA Fisheries FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, as well as Rita Curtis, for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this article. We would also like to thank the respondents who participated in this survey for their time and responses. This work was funded by NOAA Fisheries; however the views presented are those of the authors themselves and do not necessarily reflect any position of NOAA or NOAA Fisheries. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 119 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.10.001 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA DA8HF UT WOS:000368045000013 ER PT J AU Xue, L Cai, WJ Hu, XP Sabine, C Jones, S Sutton, AJ Jiang, LQ Reimer, JJ AF Xue, Liang Cai, Wei-Jun Hu, Xinping Sabine, Christopher Jones, Stacy Sutton, Adrienne J. Jiang, Li-Qing Reimer, Janet J. TI Sea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia time series site (2006-2007): Air-sea flux and controlling processes SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID STATES CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INORGANIC CARBON; UNITED-STATES; ESTUARINE WATERS; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COASTAL OCEAN; GAS-EXCHANGE; SEAWATER; PCO(2) AB Carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO(2)) in surface seawater was continuously recorded every three hours from 18 July 2006 through 31 October 2007 using a moored autonomous pCO(2) (MAPCO(2)) system deployed on the Gray's Reef buoy off the coast of Georgia, USA. Surface water pCO(2) (average 373 +/- 52 mu atm) showed a clear seasonal pattern, undersaturated with respect to the atmosphere in cold months and generally oversaturated in warm months. High temporal resolution observations revealed important events not captured in previous ship-based observations, such as sporadically occurring biological CO2 uptake during April-June 2007. In addition to a qualitative analysis of the primary drivers of pCO(2) variability based on property regressions, we quantified contributions of temperature, air-sea exchange, mixing, and biological processes to monthly pCO(2) variations using a 1-D mass budget model. Although temperature played a dominant role in the annual cycle of pCO(2), river inputs especially in the wet season, biological respiration in peak summer, and biological production during April-June 2007 also substantially influenced seawater pCO(2). Furthermore, sea surface pCO(2) was higher in September-October 2007 than in September-October 2006, associated with increased river inputs in fall 2007. On an annual basis this site was a moderate atmospheric CO2 sink, and was autotrophic as revealed by monthly mean net community production (NCP) in the mixed layer. If the sporadic short productive events during April-May 2007 were missed by the sampling schedule, one would conclude erroneously that the site is heterotrophic. While previous ship-based pCO(2) data collected around this buoy site agreed with the buoy CO2 data on seasonal scales, high resolution buoy observations revealed that the cruise-based surveys undersampled temporal variability in coastal waters, which could greatly bias the estimates of air-sea CO2 fluxes or annual NCP, and even produce contradictory results. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Liang] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Ctr Ocean & Climate Res, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Xue, Liang; Cai, Wei-Jun; Reimer, Janet J.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hu, Xinping] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Sabine, Christopher; Jones, Stacy; Sutton, Adrienne J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jiang, Li-Qing] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wcai@udel.edu RI Hu, Xinping/F-6282-2011; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013 OI Hu, Xinping/0000-0002-0613-6545; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325 FU NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program [GCO5-208]; Ocean Acidification Program [OAPFY11.01.NGI.003]; NSF [OCE-0425153]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; China Scholarship Council for providing the scholarship fund [201404180014]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41506099] FX The study was supported by the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program, proposal GCO5-208, Ocean Acidification Program, project OAPFY11.01.NGI.003, and NSF OCE-0425153. PMEL funding was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. This is PMEL contribution #4260 and JISAO contribution #2399. LX thanks the China Scholarship Council for providing the scholarship fund (No. 201404180014) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41506099). We acknowledge NDBC for servicing the mooring platform. We thank Rik Wanninkhof for leading NOAA's efforts in carbon cycle research and ocean acidification monitoring in the US Gulf and East Coasts and for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Finally, we acknowledge our late friend and colleague Y. Wang, who had installed and serviced the sensors on the Gray's Reef NDBC buoy during the period that data were collected and presented here. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 140 BP 14 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.008 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA DB0TT UT WOS:000368221100002 ER PT J AU Hoofnagle, AN Whiteaker, JR Carr, SA Kuhn, E Liu, T Massoni, SA Thomas, SN Townsend, RR Zimmerman, LJ Boja, E Chen, J Crimmins, DL Davies, SR Gao, YG Hiltke, TR Ketchum, KA Kinsinger, CR Mesri, M Meyer, MR Qian, WJ Schoenherr, RM Scott, MG Shi, TJ Whiteley, GR Wrobel, JA Wu, CC Ackermann, BL Aebersold, R Barnidge, DR Bunk, DM Clarke, N Fishman, JB Grant, RP Kusebauch, U Kushnir, MM Lowenthal, MS Moritz, RL Neubert, H Patterson, SD Rockwood, AL Rogers, J Singh, RJ Van Eyk, JE Wong, SH Zhang, SC Chan, DW Chen, X Ellis, MJ Liebler, DC Rodland, KD Rodriguez, H Smith, RD Zhang, Z Zhang, H Paulovich, AG AF Hoofnagle, Andrew N. Whiteaker, Jeffrey R. Carr, Steven A. Kuhn, Eric Liu, Tao Massoni, Sam A. Thomas, Stefani N. Townsend, R. Reid Zimmerman, Lisa J. Boja, Emily Chen, Jing Crimmins, Daniel L. Davies, Sherri R. Gao, Yugian Hiltke, Tara R. Ketchum, Karen A. Kinsinger, Christopher R. Mesri, Mehdi Meyer, Matthew R. Qian, Wei-Jun Schoenherr, Regine M. Scott, Mitchell G. Shi, Tujin Whiteley, Gordon R. Wrobel, John A. Wu, Chaochao Ackermann, Brad L. Aebersold, Ruedi Barnidge, David R. Bunk, David M. Clarke, Nigel Fishman, Jordan B. Grant, Russ P. Kusebauch, Ulrike Kushnir, Mark M. Lowenthal, Mark S. Moritz, Robert L. Neubert, Hendrik Patterson, Scott D. Rockwood, Alan L. Rogers, John Singh, Ravinder J. Van Eyk, Jennifer E. Wong, Steven H. Zhang, Shucha Chan, Daniel W. Chen, Xian Ellis, Matthew J. Liebler, Daniel C. Rodland, Karin D. Rodriguez, Henry Smith, Richard D. Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Hui Paulovich, Amanda G. TI Recommendations for the Generation, Quantification, Storage, and Handling of Peptides Used for Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN QUANTIFICATION; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; QUANTITATIVE BIOANALYSIS; PROTEOTYPIC PEPTIDES; INTERNAL STANDARD; LC-MS/MS; PROTEOMICS; PREDICTION AB BACKGROUND: For many years, basic and clinical researchers have taken advantage of the analytical sensitivity and specificity afforded by mass spectrometry in the measurement of proteins. Clinical laboratories are now beginning to deploy these work flows as well. For assays that use proteolysis to generate peptides for protein quantification and characterization, synthetic stable isotope labeled internal standard peptides are of central importance. No general recommendations are currently available surrounding the use of peptides in protein mass spectrometric assays. CONTENT: The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium of the National Cancer Institute has collaborated with clinical laboratorians, peptide manufacturers, metrologists, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, and other professionals to develop a consensus set of recommendations for peptide procurement, characterization, storage, and handling, as well as approaches to the interpretation of the data generated by mass spectrometric protein assays. Additionally, the importance of carefully characterized reference materials in particular, peptide standards for the improved concordance of amino acid analysis methods across the industry is highlighted. The alignment of practices around the use of peptides and the transparency of sample preparation protocols should allow for the harmonization of peptide and protein quantification in research and clinical care. (C) 2015 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Hoofnagle, Andrew N.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Whiteaker, Jeffrey R.; Schoenherr, Regine M.; Paulovich, Amanda G.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Carr, Steven A.; Kuhn, Eric] Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Liu, Tao; Gao, Yugian; Qian, Wei-Jun; Shi, Tujin; Wu, Chaochao; Rodland, Karin D.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Massoni, Sam A.] New England Peptide Inc, Gardner, MA USA. [Thomas, Stefani N.; Zhang, Zhen; Zhang, Hui] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Townsend, R. Reid; Crimmins, Daniel L.; Davies, Sherri R.; Meyer, Matthew R.; Scott, Mitchell G.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Liebler, Daniel C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Boja, Emily; Hiltke, Tara R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ketchum, Karen A.] ESAC Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Whiteley, Gordon R.] Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Frederick, MD USA. [Wrobel, John A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ackermann, Brad L.] Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Aebersold, Ruedi] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mol Syst Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Barnidge, David R.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Bunk, David M.; Lowenthal, Mark S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clarke, Nigel] Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. [Fishman, Jordan B.] 21st Century Biochem Inc, Marlborough, MA USA. [Grant, Russ P.] Lab Corp Amer Holdings Inc, Burlington, NC USA. [Moritz, Robert L.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA USA. [Kushnir, Mark M.; Rockwood, Alan L.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Kushnir, Mark M.; Rockwood, Alan L.] ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Neubert, Hendrik] Pfizer Inc, Andover, MA USA. [Patterson, Scott D.] Gilead Sci Inc, Foster City, CA USA. [Rogers, John] Thermo Fisher Sci, Rockford, IL USA. [Van Eyk, Jennifer E.] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. [Wong, Steven H.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Zhang, Shucha] Enanta Pharmaceut, Watertown, MA USA. [Ellis, Matthew J.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hoofnagle, AN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 357110, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ahoof@u.washington.edu; apaulovi@fhcrc.org RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU Waters Inc.; Thermo Inc.; NIDDK [U01DK085689]; NCI [U24CA115102]; NIGMS [P50GM076547, R01GM087221]; NCI CPTAC [U24CA160034, U24CA160019, U24CA160036, U24CA160035, U24CA159988] FX A.N. Hoofnagle, Waters Inc. and Thermo Inc.; J.E. Van Eyk, NIDDK (U01DK085689); D.W. Chan, NCI (U24CA115102); R.L. Moritz, NIGMS (P50GM076547 and R01GM087221); S.A. Carr (PI), A.N. Hoofnagle, E. Kuhn, A.G. Paulovich (PI), and R.M. Schoenherr, NCI CPTAC (U24CA160034); Y. Gao, T. Liu, W-J. Qian, K.D. Rodland (PI), T. Shi, R.D. Smith (PI), and C. Wu, NCI CPTAC (U24CA160019); D.W. Chan (PI), J. Chen, S.N. Thomas, H. Zhang (PI), and Z. Zhang (PI), NCI CPTAC (U24CA160036); X. Chen (PI), D.L. Crimmins, S.R. Davies, M.J. Ellis (PI), M.R. Meyer, KG. Scott, and R.R. Townsend (PI), NCI CPTAC (U24CA160035); D.C. Liebler (PI) and L.J. Zimmerman, NCI CPTAC (U24CA159988). NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 12 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 62 IS 1 BP 48 EP 69 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2015.250563 PG 22 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA DA3NC UT WOS:000367703400013 PM 26719571 ER PT J AU Velazquez, JM John, J Esposito, DV Pieterick, A Pala, R Sun, GF Zhou, XH Huang, ZQ Ardo, S Soriaga, MP Brunschwig, BS Lewis, NS AF Velazquez, Jesus M. John, Jimmy Esposito, Daniel V. Pieterick, Adam Pala, Ragip Sun, Guofeng Zhou, Xinghao Huang, Zhuangqun Ardo, Shane Soriaga, Manuel P. Brunschwig, Bruce S. Lewis, Nathan S. TI A scanning probe investigation of the role of surface motifs in the behavior of p-WSe2 photocathodes SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SOLAR-CELL; MOLYBDENUM SULFIDE CATALYST; RECOMBINATION CENTERS; HYDROGEN-EVOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; WSE2; EFFICIENCY; MOS2; PASSIVATION AB The spatial variation in the photoelectrochemical performance for the reduction of an aqueous one-electron redox couple, Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+), and for the evolution of H-2(g) from 0.5 M H2SO4(aq) at the surface of bare or Pt-decorated p-type WSe2 photocathodes has been investigated in situ using scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM). The measurements revealed significant differences in the charge-collection performance (quantified by the values of external quantum yields, Phi(ext)) on various macroscopic terraces. Local spectral response measurements indicated a variation in the local electronic structure among the terraces, which was consistent with a non-uniform spatial distribution of sub-band-gap states within the crystals. The photoconversion efficiencies of Pt-decorated p-WSe2 photocathodes were greater for the evolution of H-2(g) from 0.5 M H2SO4 than for the reduction of Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+), and terraces that exhibited relatively low values of Fext for the reduction of Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+) could in some cases yield values of Phi(ext) for the evolution of H-2(g) comparable to the values of Phi(ext) yielded by the highest-performing terraces. Although the spatial resolution of the techniques used in this work frequently did not result in observation of the effect of edge sites on photocurrent efficiency, some edge effects were observed in the measurements; however the observed edge effects differed among edges, and did not appear to determine the performance of the electrodes. C1 [Velazquez, Jesus M.; John, Jimmy; Lewis, Nathan S.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Velazquez, Jesus M.; Pieterick, Adam; Pala, Ragip; Sun, Guofeng; Zhou, Xinghao; Soriaga, Manuel P.; Brunschwig, Bruce S.; Lewis, Nathan S.] CALTECH, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Esposito, Daniel V.] Columbia Univ City New York, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Esposito, Daniel V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pieterick, Adam; Pala, Ragip; Zhou, Xinghao] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Huang, Zhuangqun] Bruker Nano Surfaces, Goleta, CA 93101 USA. [Ardo, Shane] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ardo, Shane] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Brunschwig, Bruce S.; Lewis, Nathan S.] CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Mol Mat Res Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lewis, Nathan S.] CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Velazquez, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nslewis@caltech.edu FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]; BP; NRC Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER15483]; NIST NRC Fellowship program; United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Postdoctoral Research Award under the EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Program FX This material is based upon work performed by the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-SC0004993. Additional support for this work was provided by BP. JMV acknowledges support through an NRC Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship and the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-SC0004993. JJ thanks the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for financial support through its postdoctoral fellowship program in environmental chemistry and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-FG02-03ER15483. DVE acknowledges support from the NIST NRC Fellowship program. JMV, JJ, and DVE also acknowledge the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology for use of its facilities for some SPCM measurements. SA acknowledges support from a United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Postdoctoral Research Award under the EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Program. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are the best available for the purpose. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 1 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1039/c5ee02530c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DA2KC UT WOS:000367622700019 ER PT J AU Temkin, AM Bowers, RR Magaletta, ME Holshouser, S Maggi, A Ciana, P Guillette, LJ Bowden, JA Kucklick, JR Baatz, JE Spyropoulos, DD AF Temkin, Alexis M. Bowers, Robert R. Magaletta, Margaret E. Holshouser, Steven Maggi, Adriana Ciana, Paolo Guillette, Louis J. Bowden, John A. Kucklick, John R. Baatz, John E. Spyropoulos, Demetri D. TI Effects of Crude Oil/Dispersant Mixture and Dispersant Components on PPAR gamma Activity in Vitro and in Vivo: Identification of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (DOSS; CAS #577-11-7) as a Probable Obesogen SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OIL-SPILL; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; OBESITY; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; POLYSORBATE-80; HYDROCARBONS; MOUSE; MICE AB BACKGROUND: The obesity pandemic is associated with multiple major health concerns. In addition to diet and lifestyle, there is increasing evidence that environmental exposures to chemicals known as obesogens also may promote obesity. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the massive environmental contamination resulting from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, including the use of the oil dispersant COREXIT in remediation efforts, to determine whether obesogens were released into the environment during this incident. We also sought to improve the sensitivity of obesogen detection methods in order to guide post-toxicological chemical assessments. METHODS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR.) transactivation assays were used to identify putative obesogens. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to sub-fractionate the water-accommodated fraction generated by mixing COREXIT, cell culture media, and DWH oil (CWAF). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify components of fractionated CWAF. PPAR response element (PPRE) activity was measured in PPRE-luciferase transgenic mice. Ligand-binding assays were used to quantitate ligand affinity. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to assess adipogenic induction. RESULTS: Serum-free conditions greatly enhanced the sensitivity of PPAR. transactivation assays. CWAF and COREXIT had significant dose-dependent PPAR. transactivation activities. From SPE, the 50: 50 water: ethanol volume fraction of CWAF contained this activity, and LC-MS indicated that major components of COREXIT contribute to PPAR. transactivation in the CWAF. Molecular modeling predicted several components of COREXIT might be PPAR. ligands. We classified dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), a major component of COREXIT, as a probable obesogen by PPAR. transactivation assays, PPAR-driven luciferase induction in vivo, PPAR. binding assays (affinity comparable to pioglitazone and arachidonic acid), and in vitro murine adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that DOSS is a putative obesogen worthy of further study, including epidemiological and clinical investigations into laxative prescriptions consisting of DOSS. C1 [Temkin, Alexis M.; Guillette, Louis J.; Spyropoulos, Demetri D.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Bowers, Robert R.; Spyropoulos, Demetri D.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Magaletta, Margaret E.] Rollins Coll, Dept Chem, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Holshouser, Steven] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Maggi, Adriana; Ciana, Paolo] Univ Milan, Ctr Excellence Neurodegenerat Dis, Milan, Italy. [Guillette, Louis J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Bowden, John A.; Kucklick, John R.; Baatz, John E.; Spyropoulos, Demetri D.] NOAA, Charleston, SC USA. [Bowden, John A.; Kucklick, John R.; Baatz, John E.; Spyropoulos, Demetri D.] NIST, Charleston, SC USA. [Baatz, John E.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat & Neonatol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Spyropoulos, DD (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Darby Childrens Res Inst, Pathol & Lab Med, CRI 207,173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM spyrodd@musc.edu RI peut.etre, peut.etre/G-7835-2015 FU Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative grant [GoMR12012-11-344] FX This study was supported by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative grant GoMR12012-11-344. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 124 IS 1 BP 112 EP 119 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA DA1XQ UT WOS:000367589600023 PM 26135921 ER PT J AU Raabe, EA Stumpf, RP AF Raabe, Ellen A. Stumpf, Richard P. TI Expansion of Tidal Marsh in Response to Sea-Level Rise: Gulf Coast of Florida, USA SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Tidalmarsh; Migration; Marine transgression; Forest retreat; Florida ID WEST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; SALT-MARSH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL STORMS; SHORELINE; FOREST; DEPOSITION; ACCRETION; WETLANDS AB Understanding the influence of future sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal ecosystems is improved by examining response of coastlines during historic periods of SLR. We evaluated stability and movement of the estuarine intertidal zone along eastern Gulf of Mexico, known as the "Big Bend" of Florida. This relatively undeveloped, low-energy coast is dominated by broad expanses of tidal marsh, providing an opportunity to observe unobstructed response of a coastal ecosystem to SLR. Features from nineteenth century topographic surveys and late twentieth century satellite imagery were compared. Relative change was calculated for intertidal area and lateral migration over 120 years, a period when tidal amplitude increased in addition to SLR. Loss of tidal marsh at the shoreline was -43 km(2), representing a 9 % loss to open water. At the same time, 82 km(2) of forest converted to marsh and 66 km(2) of forest converted to forest-to-marsh transitional habitat. The result was a net regional gain of 105 km(2) of intertidal area, an increase of 23 %, constituting a marine transgression of coastal lowlands. Forest retreat was lower at zones of high freshwater input, attributable to salinity moderation and was further complicated by coastal morphology and land-use practices. Shoreline migration may not represent full extent of habitat change resulting from SLR in regions with low coastal gradients. Forest retreat was consistent with what would be predicted by an inundation model; however, shoreline loss was considerably less, resulting in a net increase in intertidal area in this sediment-limited coast. C1 [Raabe, Ellen A.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Raabe, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM eraabe@usgs.gov FU US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program FX We would like to thank Amy Hapeman (Streck) for her dedication to developing and managing the historic database. Thanks to Mark Billus, Brian Penney, and Gitfah Niles for assistance in digitizing. The US Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program supported this project. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2016 VL 39 IS 1 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s12237-015-9974-y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA DA0ZK UT WOS:000367525900012 ER PT J AU Olds, AD Connolly, RM Pitt, KA Pittman, SJ Maxwell, PS Huijbers, CM Moore, BR Albert, S Rissik, D Babcock, RC Schlacher, TA AF Olds, Andrew D. Connolly, Rod M. Pitt, Kylie A. Pittman, Simon J. Maxwell, Paul S. Huijbers, Chantal M. Moore, Brad R. Albert, Simon Rissik, David Babcock, Russell C. Schlacher, Thomas A. TI Quantifying the conservation value of seascape connectivity: a global synthesis SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Conservation planning; ecological processes; ecosystem functioning; landscape ecology; marine reserves ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MANGROVE-SEAGRASS ECOTONE; SNAPPER LUTJANUS-GRISEUS; MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; STABLE-ISOTOPE APPROACH; SHALLOW-WATER BIOTOPES; WESTERN ROCK LOBSTER; SW PUERTO-RICO AB Aim Connectivity structures populations, communities and ecosystems in the sea. The extent of connectivity is, therefore, predicted to also influence the outcomes of conservation initiatives, such as marine reserves. Here we review the published evidence about how important seascape connectivity (i.e. landscape connectivity in the sea) is for marine conservation outcomes. Location Global. Methods We analysed the global literature on the effects of seascape connectivity on reserve performance. Results In the majority of cases, greater seascape connectivity inside reserves translates into better conservation outcomes (i.e. enhanced productivity and diversity). Research on reserve performance is, however, most often conducted separately from research on connectivity, resulting in few studies (<5% of all studies of seascape connectivity) that have quantified how connectivity modifies reserve effects on populations, assemblages or ecosystem functioning in seascapes. Nevertheless, evidence for positive effects of connectivity on reserve performance is geographically widespread, encompassing studies in the Caribbean Sea, Florida Keys and western Pacific Ocean. Main conclusions Given that research rarely connects the effects of connectivity and reserves, our thesis is that stronger linkages between landscape ecology and marine spatial planning are likely to improve conservation outcomes in the sea. The key science challenge is to identify the full range of ecological functions that are modulated by connectivity and the spatial scale over which these functions enhance conservation outcomes. C1 [Olds, Andrew D.; Connolly, Rod M.; Pitt, Kylie A.; Maxwell, Paul S.; Huijbers, Chantal M.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst Coast & Estuaries, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Olds, Andrew D.; Connolly, Rod M.; Pitt, Kylie A.; Maxwell, Paul S.; Huijbers, Chantal M.] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Olds, Andrew D.; Huijbers, Chantal M.; Schlacher, Thomas A.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sch Sci & Engn, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. [Pittman, Simon J.] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Maxwell, Paul S.] Hlth Waterways, Brisbane, Qld 4004, Australia. [Moore, Brad R.] Secretariat Pacific Community, Coastal Fisheries Programme, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Albert, Simon] Univ Queensland, Sch Civil Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Rissik, David] Griffith Univ, Natl Climate Change Adaptat Res Facil, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. [Babcock, Russell C.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Perth, Qld 4102, Australia. RP Olds, AD (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst Coast & Estuaries, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia. EM aolds@usc.edu.au RI Connolly, Rod/C-4094-2008; Schlacher, Thomas/J-4614-2016; Huijbers, Chantal/J-5176-2014; OI Connolly, Rod/0000-0001-6223-1291; Schlacher, Thomas/0000-0003-2184-9217; Huijbers, Chantal/0000-0001-5206-3415; Albert, Simon/0000-0002-5947-7909; Olds, Andrew/0000-0002-8027-3599 FU Australian Research Council; Queensland Government; Collaborative Research Network (CRN); NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX This study was funded by the Australian Research Council, the Queensland Government and the Collaborative Research Network (CRN). S.J.P. was supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank H. Faddy, B. Gilby and T. Martin for helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to B. MacSharry and the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) for providing GIS layers for marine ecosystems and conservation areas. NR 248 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 30 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1111/geb.12388 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA DA3VX UT WOS:000367728900002 ER PT J AU Gann, E Collins, BA Tang, ML Tumbleston, JR Mukherjee, S Ade, H AF Gann, Eliot Collins, Brian A. Tang, Maolong Tumbleston, John R. Mukherjee, Subrangsu Ade, Harald TI Origins of polarization-dependent anisotropic X-ray scattering from organic thin films SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on FEL Photon Diagnostics, Instrumentation and Beamlines Design (PhotonDiag) CY JUN 08-10, 2015 CL Int Ctr Theoretical Phys, Trieste, ITALY SP Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, FELs EUROPE HO Int Ctr Theoretical Phys DE polarization; scattering; RSoXS; PSoXS; resonant scattering; simulation ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; BAND-GAP POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; BULK HETEROJUNCTION; CONJUGATED POLYMER; MISCIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; ENHANCEMENT AB Organic thin films that have no overall in-plane directional ordering often nonetheless produce anisotropic scattering patterns that rotate with the polarization of incident resonant X-rays. Isotropic symmetry is broken by local correlations between molecular orientation and domain structure. Such examples of molecular alignment at domain interfaces and within the bulk of domains, which are both critical to fields such as organic electronics, are simulated and compared with experimental scattering. Anisotropic scattering patterns are found to allow unambiguous identification of the mechanism of local molecular orientation correlations and, as such, promise to be both distinct and complementary to isotropic scattering intensity as a general measure of thin film microstructure. C1 [Gann, Eliot] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Gann, Eliot; Tang, Maolong; Tumbleston, John R.; Mukherjee, Subrangsu; Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Collins, Brian A.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ade, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM harald_ade@ncsu.edu RI Gann, Eliot/A-5246-2014; Mukherjee, Subhrangsu/J-6600-2015 OI Mukherjee, Subhrangsu/0000-0002-5479-3750 FU NSF [DMR-120-7032]; US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Jongkuk Ko and Kookheon Char of Seoul National University provided the P3HT:PCBM blend samples. X-ray characterization by NCSU was supported by the NSF DMR-120-7032. X-ray data were acquired with the assistance of C. Wang and A. Young at beamline 11.0.1.2 (Gann et al., 2012) at the Advanced Light Source, supported by US DOE DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 23 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1107/S1600577515019074 PN 1 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA DA1IG UT WOS:000367548900030 PM 26698067 ER PT J AU Chivers, SJ Perryman, WL Lynn, MS Gerrodette, T Archer, FI Danil, K Berman-Kowalewski, M Dines, JP AF Chivers, Susan J. Perryman, Wayne L. Lynn, Morgan S. Gerrodette, Tim Archer, Frederick I. Danil, Kerri Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle Dines, James P. TI Comparison of reproductive parameters for populations of eastern North Pacific common dolphins: Delphinus capensis and D-delphis SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE common dolphin; Delphinus capensis; Delphinus delphis; reproduction; calving season; birth rates; aerial photogrammetry; eastern North Pacific ID PURSE-SEINE FISHERY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; SPINNER DOLPHINS; CALIFORNIA; GROWTH; AGE; CALIBRATION; PREGNANCY AB Reproductive parameters were estimated and compared for eastern North Pacific populations of common dolphins using specimen and photogrammetric data. Age and length data for Delphinus capensis and D. delphis specimens recovered as bycatch or strandings were used to estimate the postnatal growth rates needed to estimate age for calves measured in aerial photographs. Bayesian methods propagated uncertainty among models and revealed that the 2009 cohort of calves had birth dates centered on 6 March 2009 for D. capensis and 12 December 2008 for D. delphis. The evidence for discrete calving seasons suggests a mechanism of reproductive isolation has evolved between species. Photogrammetric data and Bayesian methods were also used to estimate the average length at which calves swim independently: 145.1cm (approximate to 11.1 mo) in D. capensis and 140.1cm (approximate to 14.0 mo) in D. delphis, and the proportion of calves (calves/dolphins counted): 0.045 in D. capensis and 0.069 in D. delphis. The latter parameter was converted to an index of calf production (calf/female dolphin) that was >50% lower than pregnancy rates suggesting few births occurred during the study year. Comparisons of regional differences in calf production suggest variability in habitat use patterns within the study area. C1 [Chivers, Susan J.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Lynn, Morgan S.; Gerrodette, Tim; Archer, Frederick I.; Danil, Kerri] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. [Dines, James P.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Sect Mammals, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Chivers, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM susan.chivers@noaa.gov OI Dines, James/0000-0002-3104-2540 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 57 EP 85 DI 10.1111/mms.12244 PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DA2LH UT WOS:000367625800005 ER PT J AU Carretta, JV Danil, K Chivers, SJ Weller, DW Janiger, DS Berman-Kowalewski, M Hernandez, KM Harvey, JT Dunkin, RC Casper, DR Stoudt, S Flannery, M Wilkinson, K Huggins, J Lambourn, DM AF Carretta, James V. Danil, Kerri Chivers, Susan J. Weller, David W. Janiger, David S. Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle Hernandez, Keith M. Harvey, James T. Dunkin, Robin C. Casper, David R. Stoudt, Shelbi Flannery, Maureen Wilkinson, Kristin Huggins, Jessie Lambourn, Dyanna M. TI Recovery rates of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) carcasses estimated from stranding and survival rate data SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; strandings; carcass recovery; survival rates; human-caused mortality ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; BAY; ORGANIZATION; PATTERNS; BYCATCH; FLORIDA; WHALES; RANGE; STOCK AB Recovery of cetacean carcasses provides data on levels of human-caused mortality, but represents only a minimum count of impacts. Counts of stranded carcasses are negatively biased by factors that include at-sea scavenging, sinking, drift away from land, stranding in locations where detection is unlikely, and natural removal from beaches due to wave and tidal action prior to detection. We estimate the fraction of carcasses recovered for a population of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), using abundance and survival rate data to estimate annual deaths in the population. Observed stranding numbers are compared to expected deaths to estimate the fraction of carcasses recovered. For the California coastal population of bottlenose dolphins, we estimate the fraction of carcasses recovered to be 0.25 (95% CI = 0.20-0.33). During a 12 yr period, 327 animals (95% CI = 253-413) were expected to have died and been available for recovery, but only 83 carcasses attributed to this population were documented. Given the coastal habits of California coastal bottlenose dolphins, it is likely that carcass recovery rates of this population greatly exceed recovery rates of more pelagic dolphin species in the region. C1 [Carretta, James V.; Danil, Kerri; Chivers, Susan J.; Weller, David W.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Janiger, David S.] Los Angeles Cty Museum, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Berman-Kowalewski, Michelle] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Hernandez, Keith M.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Vertebrate Ecol Lab, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Dunkin, Robin C.; Casper, David R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Stoudt, Shelbi] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Flannery, Maureen] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Wilkinson, Kristin] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, West Coast Reg, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Huggins, Jessie] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Lambourn, Dyanna M.] Washington Dept Fish & Widlife, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. RP Carretta, JV (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jim.carretta@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 32 IS 1 BP 349 EP 362 DI 10.1111/mms.12264 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA DA2LH UT WOS:000367625800019 ER PT J AU Moldover, MR Tew, WL Yoon, HW AF Moldover, Michael R. Tew, Weston L. Yoon, Howard W. TI Advances in thermometry SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID JOHNSON NOISE THERMOMETRY; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; UNCERTAINTY AB The past 25 years have seen tremendous progress in thermometry across the moderate temperature range of 1 K to 1,235 K. Various primary thermometers, based on a wide range of different physics, have uncovered errors in the International Temperature Scale of 1990, and set the stage for the planned redefinition of the kelvin. C1 [Moldover, Michael R.; Tew, Weston L.; Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moldover, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.moldover@nist.gov; weston.tew@nist.gov; howard.yoon@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 12 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1038/nphys3618 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DA5IA UT WOS:000367835400005 PM 27182278 ER PT J AU Danabasoglu, G Yeager, SG Kim, WM Behrens, E Bentsen, M Bi, DH Biastoch, A Bleck, R Boning, C Bozec, A Canuto, VM Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Danilov, S Diansky, N Drange, H Farneti, R Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Forget, G Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Gusev, A Heimbach, P Howard, A Ilicak, M Jung, T Karspeck, AR Kelley, M Large, WG Leboissetier, A Lu, JH Madec, G Marsland, SJ Masina, S Navarra, A Nurser, AJG Pirani, A Romanou, A Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Scheinert, M Sidorenko, D Sun, S Treguier, AM Tsujino, H Uotila, P Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wang, Q Yashayaev, I AF Danabasoglu, Gokhan Yeager, Steve G. Kim, Who M. Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Bleck, Rainer Boening, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Farneti, Riccardo Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Forget, Gael Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Gusev, Anatoly Heimbach, Patrick Howard, Armando Ilicak, Mehmet Jung, Thomas Karspeck, Alicia R. Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Lu, Jianhua Madec, Gurvan Marsland, Simon J. Masina, Simona Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A. J. George Pirani, Anna Romanou, Anastasia Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Scheinert, Markus Sidorenko, Dmitry Sun, Shan Treguier, Anne-Marie Tsujino, Hiroyuki Uotila, Petteri Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Qiang Yashayaev, Igor TI North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Global ocean - sea-ice modelling; Ocean model comparisons; Atmospheric forcing; Inter-annual to decadal variability and mechanisms; Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability; Variability in the North Atlantic ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; LABRADOR SEA AB Simulated inter-annual to decadal variability and trends in the North Atlantic for the 1958-2007 period from twenty global ocean - sea-ice coupled models are presented. These simulations are performed as contributions to the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). The study is Part II of our companion paper (Danabasoglu et al., 2014) which documented the mean states in the North Atlantic from the same models. A major focus of the present study is the representation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability in the participating models. Relationships between AMOC variability and those of some other related variables, such as subpolar mixed layer depths, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Labrador Sea upper-ocean hydrographic properties, are also investigated. In general, AMOC variability shows three distinct stages. During the first stage that lasts until the mid-to late-1970s, AMOC is relatively steady, remaining lower than its long-term (1958-2007) mean. Thereafter, AMOC intensifies with maximum transports achieved in the mid-to late-1990s. This enhancement is then followed by a weakening trend until the end of our integration period. This sequence of low frequency AMOC variability is consistent with previous studies. Regarding strengthening of AMOC between about the mid-1970s and the mid-1990s, our results support a previously identified variability mechanism where AMOC intensification is connected to increased deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic, driven by NAO-related surface fluxes. The simulations tend to show general agreement in their temporal representations of, for example, AMOC, sea surface temperature (SST), and subpolar mixed layer depth variabilities. In particular, the observed variability of the North Atlantic SSTs is captured well by all models. These findings indicate that simulated variability and trends are primarily dictated by the atmospheric datasets which include the influence of ocean dynamics from nature superimposed onto anthropogenic effects. Despite these general agreements, there are many differences among the model solutions, particularly in the spatial structures of variability patterns. For example, the location of the maximum AMOC variability differs among the models between Northern and Southern Hemispheres. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Yeager, Steve G.; Karspeck, Alicia R.; Large, William G.] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kim, Who M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Behrens, Erik; Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Scheinert, Markus] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Bentsen, Mats; Ilicak, Mehmet] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Bi, Daohua; Marsland, Simon J.; Uotila, Petteri] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Marsland, Simon J.; Uotila, Petteri] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Bleck, Rainer; Sun, Shan] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bleck, Rainer; Canuto, Vittorio M.; Howard, Armando; Kelley, Maxwell; Leboissetier, Anthony; Romanou, Anastasia] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies GISS, New York, NY USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cassou, Christophe; Fernandez, Elodie; Valcke, Sophie] CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOCS, Southampton, Hants, England. [Danilov, Sergey; Jung, Thomas; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Wang, Qiang] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Diansky, Nikolay; Gusev, Anatoly] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Drange, Helge] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Fernandez, Elodie] Mercator Ocean, Toulouse, France. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Masina, Simona; Navarra, Antonio] Ctr Euromediterraneo Sui Cambiamenti Climatici CM, Bologna, Italy. [Forget, Gael; Heimbach, Patrick] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Howard, Armando] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Madec, Gurvan] CNRS IRD UPMC, IPSL LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Masina, Simona; Navarra, Antonio] INGV, Bologna, Italy. [Pirani, Anna] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int CLIVAR Project Off, Trieste, Italy. [Romanou, Anastasia] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Treguier, Anne-Marie] IUEM, CNRS Ifremer IRD UBO, UMR 6523, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. [Uotila, Petteri] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Yashayaev, Igor] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Danabasoglu, G (reprint author), NCAR, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM gokhan@ucar.edu RI Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013; madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014; Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016; Gusev, Anatoly/A-8528-2014 OI Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161; madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Gusev, Anatoly/0000-0002-6463-3179 FU U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; U. S. Department of Energy; NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program [NA090AR4310163, NA130AR4310138, NA13OAR4310136]; NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 [OCE-1243015]; Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO; National Computational Infrastructure facility at the Australian National University; Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project.; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; Russian Science Foundation [14-27-00126]; Co-Operative Project RACE - Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]; BNP-Paribas foundation via the PRECLIDE project under the CNRS research convention [30023488]; Ocean Model Development Panel FX NCAR is sponsored by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The CESM is supported by the NSF and the U. S. Department of Energy. S. G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program grants NA090AR4310163 and NA130AR4310138 and by the NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 grant OCE-1243015 to NCAR. W. M. Kim was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program grant NA13OAR4310136 to Texas A&M University. ACCESS modeling work has been undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, and was supported by the National Computational Infrastructure facility at the Australian National University. AWL is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers, Q. Wang and D. Sidorenko were funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project. The BERGEN contribution was supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. INMOM was sponsored by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 14-27-00126). The KIEL contribution acknowledges support within the Co-Operative Project RACE - Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under grant number 03F0651B and computing resources from the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). P. G. Fogli thanks W. G. Large, J. Tribbia, M. Vertenstein, G. Danabasoglu, and D. Bailey for their support and help in bringing NEMO into the CESM framework while vising NCAR. E. Fernandez was supported by the BNP-Paribas foundation via the PRECLIDE project under the CNRS research convention agreement 30023488. We thank M. Harrison and R. Hallberg of GFDL for assistance with defining the GFDL-GOLD configuration, and R. Msadek and Y. M. Ruprich-Robert of GFDL for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Finally, we thank both the international CLIVAR and U. S. CLIVAR projects for patiently sponsoring the Working Group on Ocean Model Development (now, Ocean Model Development Panel) over the years as COREs were developed. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 BP 65 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.11.007 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA1LB UT WOS:000367556200006 ER PT J AU Trossman, DS Arbic, BK Richman, JG Garner, ST Jayne, SR Wallcraft, AJ AF Trossman, David S. Arbic, Brian K. Richman, James G. Garner, Stephen T. Jayne, Steven R. Wallcraft, Alan J. TI Impact of topographic internal lee wave drag on an eddying global ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Internal lee waves; Parameterization; Topographic blocking; Model evaluation; AVISO; Current meters ID WESTERN-BOUNDARY-CURRENT; CURRENT-METER RECORDS; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ABYSSAL CIRCULATION; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEEP-OCEAN; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION AB The impact of topographic internal lee wave drag (wave drag hereafter) on several aspects of the low frequency circulation in a high resolution global ocean model forced by winds and air-sea buoyancy fluxes is examined here. The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is run at two different horizontal resolutions (one nominally 1/12 degrees and the other 1/25 degrees). Wave drag, which parameterizes both topographic blocking and the generation of lee waves arising from geostrophic flow impinging upon rough topography, is inserted into the simulations as they run. The parameterization used here affects the momentum equations and hence the structure of eddy kinetic energy. Lee waves also have implications for diapycnal mixing in the ocean, though the parameterization does not directly modify the density. Total near bottom energy dissipation due to wave drag and quadratic bottom boundary layer drag is nearly doubled, and the energy dissipation due to quadratic bottom drag is reduced by about a factor of two, in simulations with an inserted wave drag compared to simulations having only quadratic bottom drag. With the insertion of wave drag, the kinetic energy is reduced in the abyss and in a three-dimensional global integral. Deflection by partial topographic blocking is inferred to be one reason why the near-bottom kinetic energy can increase in locations where there is little change in dissipation by quadratic bottom drag. Despite large changes seen in the abyss, the changes that occur near the sea surface are relatively small upon insertion of wave drag into the simulations. Both the sea surface height variance and geostrophic surface kinetic energy are reduced On global average by more than twice the seasonal variability in these diagnostics. Alterations in the intensified jet positions brought about by inserting wave drag are not distinguishable from the temporal variability of jet positions. Various statistical measures suggest that applying wave drag only within a fixed distance from the seafloor is not detrimental to the model performance relative to observations. However, the introduction of a novel diagnostic suggests that one way to improve the wave drag parameterization is to allow the vertical deposition of lee wave momentum flux to be spatially heterogeneous. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trossman, David S.; Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Trossman, David S.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada. [Richman, James G.; Wallcraft, Alan J.] SSC, NRL, Div Oceanog, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Garner, Stephen T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Trossman, DS (reprint author), Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Greenbelt, MD 21046 USA. EM david.s.trossman@nasa.gov OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0960820]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-11-1-0487]; NSF [OCE-0960756]; Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Yellowstone university allocations; National Science Foundation; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center DoD Supercomputing Resource Center in Vicksburg, MS; [0602435N] FX The authors thank Michael Messina for his computer support at the University of Michigan and the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that led to a much improved manuscript. D. S. Trossman and B. K. Arbic gratefully acknowledge support from National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE-0960820 and Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant N00014-11-1-0487. S. R. Jayne gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant OCE-0960756. J. G. Richman and A. J. Wallcraft gratefully acknowledge the "6.2 Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides" project sponsored by the GS1000000060NRhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000006 under program element 0602435N. Grants of computer time were provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Yellowstone university allocations. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We would also like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center DoD Supercomputing Resource Center in Vicksburg, MS. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-14-2433 and has been approved for public release. The output files for the model runs analyzed in this paper are archived at the Department of the Navy Shared Resource Center (DSRC) at the Stennis Space Center. The files stored there can be accessed after obtaining an account at the facility. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 97 BP 109 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA DA1LB UT WOS:000367556200008 ER PT J AU Walsh, KJE McBride, JL Klotzbach, PJ Balachandran, S Camargo, SJ Holland, G Knutson, TR Kossin, JP Lee, TC Sobel, A Sugi, M AF Walsh, Kevin J. E. McBride, John L. Klotzbach, Philip J. Balachandran, Sethurathinam Camargo, Suzana J. Holland, Greg Knutson, Thomas R. Kossin, James P. Lee, Tsz-cheung Sobel, Adam Sugi, Masato TI Tropical cyclones and climate change SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; PROJECTED FUTURE CHANGES; INDIAN-OCEAN; CMIP5 MODELS; POTENTIAL INTENSITY AB Recent research has strengthened the understanding of the links between climate and tropical cyclones (TCs) on various timescales. Geological records of past climates have shown century-long variations in TC numbers. While no significant trends have been identified in the Atlantic since the late 19th century, significant observed trends in TC numbers and intensities have occurred in this basin over the past few decades, and trends in other basins are increasingly being identified. However, understanding of the causes of these trends is incomplete, and confidence in these trends continues to be hampered by a lack of consistent observations in some basins. A theoretical basis for maximum TC intensity appears now to be well established, but a climate theory of TC formation remains elusive. Climate models mostly continue to predict future decreases in global TC numbers, projected increases in the intensities of the strongest storms and increased rainfall rates. Sea level rise will likely contribute toward increased storm surge risk. Against the background of global climate change and sea level rise, it is important to carry out quantitative assessments on the potential risk of TC-induced storm surge and flooding to densely populated cities and river deltas. Several climate models are now able to generate a good distribution of both TC numbers and intensities in the current climate. Inconsistent TC projection results emerge from modeling studies due to different downscaling methodologies and warming scenarios, inconsistencies in projected changes of large-scale conditions, and differences in model physics and tracking algorithms. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Walsh, Kevin J. E.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [McBride, John L.] Meteorol Serv Singapore, CCRS, Singapore, Singapore. [Klotzbach, Philip J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Balachandran, Sethurathinam] Reg Meteorol Ctr, Cyclone Warning Res Ctr, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. [Camargo, Suzana J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Holland, Greg] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA. [Lee, Tsz-cheung] Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Sobel, Adam] Columbia Univ, Palisades, NY USA. [Sugi, Masato] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Walsh, KJE (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM kevin.walsh@unimelb.edu.au RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015; OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567; Walsh, Kevin/0000-0002-1860-510X NR 199 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 44 U2 118 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-7780 EI 1757-7799 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD JAN-FEB PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 65 EP 89 DI 10.1002/wcc.371 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DA1IR UT WOS:000367550000005 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Tangko, R Sheen, DA Wang, H Bowman, CT AF Banerjee, Sayak Tangko, Rei Sheen, David A. Wang, Hai Bowman, C. Tom TI An experimental and kinetic modeling study of n-dodecane pyrolysis and oxidation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE n-Dodecane; Flow reactor; Combustion; Kinetics ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW SYSTEMS; SHOCK-TUBE; TIME-HISTORIES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GAS-PHASE; COMBUSTION; FUEL; OPTIMIZATION; TEMPERATURE; HYDROCARBON AB The current study investigates n-dodecane (n-C12H26) pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics in the temperature regime of 1000-1300 K in the Stanford Variable Pressure Flow Reactor facility. The reactor environment is vitiated and the experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure. Species time history data were collected for n-dodecane and oxygen, as well as for 12 intermediate and product species over a span of 1-40 ms residence times using real time gas chromatography. The experimental data were compared against the predictions of four detailed kinetic models. The results showed that the fuel oxidation proceeds through an early pyrolytic stage where the fuel breaks down into smaller hydrocarbon fragments, including mostly C2-4 alkenes, and a late oxidation stage where the fragments oxidize to CO. The kinetic models were observed to diverge notably in their predictions from one another. Sensitivity and flux analysis identified the cause of the divergences to differences in the small hydrocarbon chemistry modeling. Finally, the flow reactor data were used to demonstrate how model uncertainty minimization can improve model predictions. It is shown that after uncertainty minimization against a selected set of n-dodecane combustion data, the predictions of the resulting optimized model are improved notably for all existing n-dodecane data sets tested, including those of the current flow reactor study that were not part of the optimization target list. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Banerjee, Sayak; Wang, Hai; Bowman, C. Tom] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tangko, Rei] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Sheen, David A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sayakb@stanford.edu; haiwang@stanford.edu; ctbowman@stanford.edu RI Wang, Hai/A-1292-2009 OI Wang, Hai/0000-0001-6507-5503 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0217, FA9550-14-1-0235] FX The authors acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-11-1-0217 and FA9550-14-1-0235) for funding this research. The authors would like to thank Dr. Adela Bardos for assistance in the flow reactor experiments and Prof. Ron Hanson and Dr. David Davidson for constructive suggestions and generously sharing their shock tube experimental data. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2016 VL 163 BP 12 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.08.005 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CZ7KP UT WOS:000367278600002 ER PT J AU Pagliaro, JL Linteris, GT Babushok, VI AF Pagliaro, John L. Linteris, Gregory T. Babushok, Valeri I. TI Premixed flame inhibition by C2HF3Cl2 and C2HF5 SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Fire suppression; Halon replacement; Refrigerant flammability; HCFC-123; HFC-125 ID LAMINAR-BURNING VELOCITY; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; UNWANTED COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT; INTERMEDIATE SPECIES PROFILES; HALOGENATED FIRE SUPPRESSANTS; PROPAGATING SPHERICAL FLAMES; LEAN FLAMMABILITY LIMIT; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; 2-H HEPTAFLUOROPROPANE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB This study is the first to examine the inhibition effectiveness of C2HF3Cl2 (HFC-123) on premixed hydrocarbon-air flames and is motivated by the eventual phase-out of CF3Br (Halon 1301) used in civilian aircraft cargo compartments. To study the inhibition effectiveness, we measured the laminar burning velocity of CH4-air flames with added C2HF3Cl2 in a spherical, constant-volume combustion vessel, over a range of inhibitor concentration and fuel-air equivalence ratio. Burning velocities at ambient (T = 298 K; P = 1.01 bar) and elevated (T = 400 K; P = 3 bar) conditions were compared to numerical predictions obtained using a newly-developed kinetic mechanism describing the decomposition of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in hydrocarbon-air systems. The agreement was very good, considering the model parameters were not adjusted, and the present study was the first to test the mechanism against experimental data of a two-carbon HCFC. In addition to providing model validation, the effectiveness of C2HF3Cl2 was compared to the analogous HFC compound C2HF5 to explore the advantages of Cl substitution for F. Experimental measurements of agent influence on burning velocity, as well as numerical modeling of premixed flame structures, demonstrated that C2F3Cl2H is a more effective flame inhibitor than C2F5H, particularly for very lean CH4-air mixtures. The reaction pathways and sensitivities were analyzed to interpret the differences in the inhibition mechanisms of C2F5H and C2HF3Cl2 and to prioritize elementary reactions for further study. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Pagliaro, John L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pagliaro, John L.; Linteris, Gregory T.; Babushok, Valeri I.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov FU Boeing Company; ARRA-NIST fellowship FX The authors thank Dr. Kenji Takizawa at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) for assisting with the experimental setup. Suggestions made by Dr. Peter Sunderland at the University of Maryland and Drs. Nicholas Bouvet, Don Burgess, and Jeff Manion at NIST are greatly appreciated. The work was supported by the Boeing Company, who granted NIST complete control of study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication. JLP was also supported by an ARRA-NIST fellowship. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2016 VL 163 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.08.015 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CZ7KP UT WOS:000367278600005 ER PT J AU Peschko, V Ronnenberg, K Siebert, U Gilles, A AF Peschko, Verena Ronnenberg, Katrin Siebert, Ursula Gilles, Anita TI Trends of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) density in the southern North Sea SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Phocoena phocoena; Population trend; Density; Southern North Sea; Aerial surveys; Bayesian statistics ID MARINE MAMMALS; AERIAL SURVEYS; CETACEAN ABUNDANCE; POPULATION TRENDS; GERMAN BIGHT; CONSERVATION; MODELS; WATERS; MANAGEMENT; PREDATORS AB In the southern North Sea, harbour porpoise occurrence increased in recent years after a phase of low abundances during earlier decades. Only very few studies on porpoise presence in the southern German North Sea exist so far. As anthropogenic activities will strongly increase in this part of the North Sea during the next years it is most important to assess population level effects. This study focuses on the analysis of temporal and spatial trends in porpoise density in this area of recent change. Dedicated aerial line-transect distance sampling surveys were conducted in the southern German North Sea between May 2002 and June 2013 to assess porpoise density and distribution. Statistical inferences on porpoise population trends were made using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. Two approaches were chosen to test for a trend in porpoise density and an additional model focused on the change in density of calves. During 55,820 km of survey effort 4377 porpoises including 140 calves were recorded. A significant effect of increasing spatial aggregation from the lower density areas in the south-eastern German Bight to hot spot areas in the western parts was detected. For the western part of the study area a significant increase in porpoise density between 2002 and 2013 was detected. Seasons were significantly different with highest porpoise density in spring and successively decreasing densities in summer and autumn. From 2008 onwards high densities were also observed in summer. Calf density increased during the study period and was significantly higher in the west. On the basis of this extensive and unique data set on porpoise occurrence in the southern German North Sea the findings clearly show that especially the south-western German North Sea serves as habitat of increasing importance for porpoises throughout the last decade. Definite reasons still remain unresolved. Changes in prey abundance or less favourable conditions in other areas could be important factors, which may also have caused a southward shift from high density areas in northern waters. On this baseline, further integrative approaches might lead to a sound understanding of the effect of anthropogenic activities on the future development of porpoise populations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peschko, Verena; Ronnenberg, Katrin; Siebert, Ursula; Gilles, Anita] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Fdn, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, D-25761 Buesum, Germany. RP Gilles, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM anita.gilles@tiho-hannover.de FU German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (MINOS); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (MINOSplus); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (StUK-plus); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety [0327520, 0329946/B/C/D, 0327689A]; German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (EMSON); Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL); National Park Administration Lower Saxony; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX Data were collected with financial support of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB; projects MINOS, MINOSplus, and StUK-plus; project ref. no. 0327520, 0329946/B/C/D and 0327689A), the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN; projects EMSON, 'Development of a harbour porpoise monitoring concept to fulfil the EU Habitats Directive reporting requirements' and 'Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the framework of NATURA 2000'), Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) and the National Park Administration Lower Saxony. A. Gilles is currently funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. We thank our aerial survey team (J. Adams, S. Billerbeck, P. Borjesson, S. Danehl, A. Gomez de Segura, H. Herr, T. Kesselring, I. Kuklik, K. Lehnert, L. Lehnert, M. Marahrens, D. Martensen-Staginnus, S. Muller, D. Risch, C. Rocholl, M. Scheidat, C. Schmidt, S. Viquerat, T. Walter, U. Westerberg and S. Zankl), and Sylt Air, FLM Aviation Kiel and BioFlight A/S for safe flights. We would especially like to thank Leif Petersen for uncounted safe flights. We thank H. Giewat for managing the database and we are grateful to Jarrod Hadfield for valuable advice regarding the modelling approach. We also thank T. Verfuss, S. Ackermann and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.06.030 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000017 ER PT J AU Coll, M Shannon, LJ Kleisner, KM Juan-Jorda, MJ Bundy, A Akoglu, AG Banaru, D Boldt, JL Borges, MF Cook, A Diallo, I Fu, C Fox, C Gascuel, D Gurney, LJ Hattab, T Heymans, JJ Jouffre, D Knight, BR Kucukavsar, S Large, SI Lynam, C Machias, A Marshall, KN Masski, H Ojaveer, H Piroddi, C Tam, J Thiao, D Thiaw, M Torres, MA Travers-Trolet, M Tsagarakis, K Tuck, I van der Meeren, GI Yemane, D Zador, SG Shin, YJ AF Coll, M. Shannon, L. J. Kleisner, K. M. Juan-Jorda, M. J. Bundy, A. Akoglu, A. G. Banaru, D. Boldt, J. L. Borges, M. F. Cook, A. Diallo, I. Fu, C. Fox, C. Gascuel, D. Gurney, L. J. Hattab, T. Heymans, J. J. Jouffre, D. Knight, B. R. Kucukavsar, S. Large, S. I. Lynam, C. Machias, A. Marshall, K. N. Masski, H. Ojaveer, H. Piroddi, C. Tam, J. Thiao, D. Thiaw, M. Torres, M. A. Travers-Trolet, M. Tsagarakis, K. Tuck, I. van der Meeren, G. I. Yemane, D. Zador, S. G. Shin, Y. -J. TI Ecological indicators to capture the effects of fishing on biodiversity and conservation status of marine ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Ecological indicators; Marine ecosystems; Biodiversity; Redundancy; Trends; States; Fishing impacts; Conservation ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; TROPHIC CASCADES; GLOBAL OCEAN; HUMAN IMPACT; BALTIC SEA; INDEX; RESPONSES; TRENDS; HEALTH; FRAMEWORK AB IndiSeas ("Indicators for the Seas") is a collaborative international working group that was established in 2005 to evaluate the status of exploited marine ecosystems using a suite of indicators in a comparative framework. An initial shortlist of seven ecological indicators was selected to quantify the effects of fishing on the broader ecosystem using several criteria (i.e., ecological meaning, sensitivity to fishing, data availability, management objectives and public awareness). The suite comprised: (i) the inverse coefficient of variation of total biomass of surveyed species, (ii) mean fish length in the surveyed community, (iii) mean maximum life span of surveyed fish species, (iv) proportion of predatory fish in the surveyed community, (v) proportion of under and moderately exploited stocks, (vi) total biomass of surveyed species, and (vii) mean trophic level of the landed catch. In line with the Nagoya Strategic Plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2011-2020), we extended this suite to emphasize the broader biodiversity and conservation risks in exploited marine ecosystems. We selected a subset of indicators from a list of empirically based candidate biodiversity indicators initially established based on ecological significance to complement the original IndiSeas indicators. The additional selected indicators were: (viii) mean intrinsic vulnerability index of the fish landed catch, (ix) proportion of non-declining exploited species in the surveyed community, (x) catch-based marine trophic index, and (xi) mean trophic level of the surveyed community. Despite the lack of data in some ecosystems, we also selected (xii) mean trophic level of the modelled community, and (xiii) proportion of discards in the fishery as extra indicators. These additional indicators were examined, along with the initial set of IndiSeas ecological indicators, to evaluate whether adding new biodiversity indicators provided useful additional information to refine our understanding of the status evaluation of 29 exploited marine ecosystems. We used state and trend analyses, and we performed correlation, redundancy and multivariate tests. Existing developments in ecosystem-based fisheries management have largely focused on exploited species. Our study, using mostly fisheries independent survey-based indicators, highlights that biodiversity and conservation-based indicators are complementary to ecological indicators of fishing pressure. Thus, they should be used to provide additional information to evaluate the overall impact of fishing on exploited marine ecosystems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Coll, M.; Shin, Y. -J.] CRH, Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit MARBEC, UMR 248, F-34203 Sete, France. [Coll, M.; Piroddi, C.] Inst Marine Sci ICM CSIC, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Shannon, L. J.; Yemane, D.; Shin, Y. -J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Shannon, L. J.; Yemane, D.; Shin, Y. -J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Biol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Kleisner, K. M.; Large, S. I.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Juan-Jorda, M. J.] Herrera Kaia, Div Marine Res, AZTI, Pasaia 20110, Gipuzkoa, Spain. [Juan-Jorda, M. J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Bundy, A.; Cook, A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Akoglu, A. G.; Kucukavsar, S.] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey. [Banaru, D.] Aix Marseille Univ, MIO, UMR 7294, UR 235, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. [Boldt, J. L.; Fu, C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Borges, M. F.] Inst Portugues Mar & Atmosfera, P-1449006 Lisbon, Portugal. [Diallo, I.] CNSHB, Conakry, Guinea. [Fox, C.; Heymans, J. J.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Gascuel, D.] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Agrocampus Ouest, Ecol & Sante Ecosyst UMR985, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Gurney, L. J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hattab, T.] Jules Verne Univ Picardie, Res Unit EDYSAN, FRE 3498, CNRS, F-80037 Amiens 1, France. [Jouffre, D.] Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit MARBEC, Dakar, Senegal. [Jouffre, D.] IFAN, IRD, LABEP AO, Dakar, Senegal. [Knight, B. R.] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7010, New Zealand. [Lynam, C.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Machias, A.; Tsagarakis, K.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources & Inland Waters, Athens 16610, Greece. [Marshall, K. N.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Masski, H.] Inst Natl Rech Halieut, Casablanca, Morocco. [Ojaveer, H.] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-80012 Parnu, Estonia. [Piroddi, C.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Water Resources Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Tam, J.] Inst Mar Peru IMARPE, Lima, Peru. [Thiao, D.] CRODT, ISRA, Dakar, Senegal. [Thiaw, M.] CRODT, ISRA, LEH AO, Dakar, Senegal. [Torres, M. A.] Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, IEO, E-11006 Cadiz, Spain. [Torres, M. A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, Inst Coastal Res, SE-74242 Oregrund, Sweden. [Travers-Trolet, M.] IFREMER, Fisheries Lab, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France. [Tuck, I.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Tuck, I.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1149, New Zealand. [van der Meeren, G. I.] Hjort Ctr Marine Ecosyst Dynam, Inst Marine Res, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Yemane, D.] Dept Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Fisheries Branch, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Zador, S. G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Coll, M (reprint author), CRH, Inst Rech Dev, Res Unit MARBEC, UMR 248, Ave Jean Monnet,CS 30171, F-34203 Sete, France. EM marta.coll@ird.fr RI Shin, Yunne-Jai/A-7575-2012; Tsagarakis, Konstantinos/A-1283-2012; Heymans, Johanna/H-4848-2012; Gascuel, Didier/C-1439-2011; Ojaveer, Henn/K-2160-2016; hicham, masski/F-4911-2015; martel, celine/O-6651-2016; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015; OI Juan-Jorda, Maria Jose/0000-0002-4586-2400; Shin, Yunne-Jai/0000-0002-7259-9265; Tsagarakis, Konstantinos/0000-0003-2408-0220; Heymans, Johanna/0000-0002-7290-8988; Gascuel, Didier/0000-0001-5447-6977; Ojaveer, Henn/0000-0003-2742-6063; hicham, masski/0000-0002-2863-4107; martel, celine/0000-0002-1800-4558; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715; Tam, Jorge/0000-0001-8224-4313; Tuck, Ian/0000-0002-7014-2077 FU European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS [511106]; European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment [212085]; IRD (Institute of Research for Development); IOC/UNESCO; European Commission [PCIG10-GA-2011-303534]; Spanish National Program Ramon y Cajal; South African Research Chair Initiative - South African Department of Science and Technology (DST); Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Nature Conservancy through Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; EU [PIOF-GA-2013-628116]; Portuguese Oceanic and Atmospheric Institute; Joint Research Centre of the European Commission; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [SF0180005s10]; Natural Environment Research Council; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [NE/L003279/1]; Institute of Marine Research, Norway; project PERSEUS (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean Seas) [287600]; Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO); National Research Council fellowship at the Northwest Fishery Science Center; French project EMIBIOS (FRB) [APP-SCEN-2010-II]; DEVOTES - Development of innovative tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status - EC project [308392] FX We thank the Euroceans IndiSeas Working Group funded by the European Network of Excellence EUR-OCEANS (FP6, Contract No 511106), the European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment (FP7, Contract No 212085) and IRD (Institute of Research for Development) and IOC/UNESCO. All participants of EUR-OCEANS IndiSeas project (www.indiseas.org) are acknowledged. We would also like to acknowledge all those who conducted surveys to collect the data used in this study. MC was partially funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowships - PCIG10-GA-2011-303534 - to the BIOWEB project and by the Spanish National Program Ramon y Cajal. LJS was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). LJS and YS were also funded by the European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7, Contract No 212085). KMK was supported by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center and the Nature Conservancy through a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. MJJJ was supported by an EU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship - PIOF-GA-2013-628116. MFB was supported by the Portuguese Oceanic and Atmospheric Institute and the trawl survey data collected under Biological Sampling (PNAB) Program. LJG would like to thank the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission for support. HO was financed by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Grant SF0180005s10). JJH was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [Grant Number NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme]. GIvdM was supported by the Institute of Marine Research, Norway. KT was partially funded by the project PERSEUS (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean Seas; FP7 Contract No 287600). MAT was funded by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) through a Predoctoral FPI fellowship. KNM was supported by a National Research Council fellowship at the Northwest Fishery Science Center. YJS and MTT were partially supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, Contract No. APP-SCEN-2010-II). Chatham Rise trawl survey data were provided by the Ministry for Primary Industries. CL acknowledges DEVOTES - Development of innovative tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status - EC project (FP7 Grant Agreement 308392). NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 33 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 60 BP 947 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.048 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ9GW UT WOS:000367407000096 ER PT J AU Cheng, LY Hoerling, M AghaKouchak, A Livneh, B Quan, XW Eischeid, J AF Cheng, Linyin Hoerling, Martin AghaKouchak, Amir Livneh, Ben Quan, Xiao-Wei Eischeid, Jon TI How Has Human-Induced Climate Change Affected California Drought Risk? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Climate change; Models and modeling; Climate models; Regional models ID STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX; RETURN PERIOD; UNITED-STATES; COPULAS AB The current California drought has cast a heavy burden on statewide agriculture and water resources, further exacerbated by concurrent extreme high temperatures. Furthermore, industrial-era global radiative forcing brings into question the role of long-term climate change with regard to California drought. How has human-induced climate change affected California drought risk? Here, observations and model experimentation are applied to characterize this drought employing metrics that synthesize drought duration, cumulative precipitation deficit, and soil moisture depletion. The model simulations show that increases in radiative forcing since the late nineteenth century induce both increased annual precipitation and increased surface temperature over California, consistent with prior model studies and with observed long-term change. As a result, there is no material difference in the frequency of droughts defined using bivariate indicators of precipitation and near-surface (10 cm) soil moisture, because shallow soil moisture responds most sensitively to increased evaporation driven by warming, which compensates the increase in the precipitation. However, when using soil moisture within a deep root zone layer (1 m) as covariate, droughts become less frequent because deep soil moisture responds most sensitively to increased precipitation. The results illustrate the different land surface responses to anthropogenic forcing that are relevant for near-surface moisture exchange and for root zone moisture availability. The latter is especially relevant for agricultural impacts as the deep layer dictates moisture availability for plants, trees, and many crops. The results thus indicate that the net effect of climate change has made agricultural drought less likely and that the current severe impacts of drought on California's agriculture have not been substantially caused by long-term climate changes. C1 [Cheng, Linyin] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cheng, Linyin; Livneh, Ben; Quan, Xiao-Wei; Eischeid, Jon] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [AghaKouchak, Amir] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Cheng, LY (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM linyin.cheng@noaa.gov OI LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU Co-operative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) fellowship; NOAA's Climate Program Office MAPP program; NASA MAP program; PSD/GFDL Drought Project; PSD FX The authors thank Professor Balaji Rajagopalan for his thoughtful advice on the study. The historical precipitation data used in this study can be downloaded from here: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/maps/us-climate-divisions .php. The first author acknowledges financial support from Co-operative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) fellowship. The authors acknowledge the support from NOAA's Climate Program Office MAPP program and from the NASA MAP program, and the support for this work provided by the PSD/GFDL Drought Project and by PSD base support. The authors thank Dr. Ramakrishna Nemani for his interest in this work, and for sponsoring some of the computing resources used in model simulations performed on the NASA AMES computing system. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 20 U2 113 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0260.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9QH UT WOS:000367431600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Vecchi, GA Murakami, H Villarini, G Jia, L AF Zhang, W. Vecchi, G. A. Murakami, H. Villarini, G. Jia, L. TI The Pacific Meridional Mode and the Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Hurricanes; typhoons; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Principal components analysis; Models and modeling; Coupled models; Variability; Climate variability; Interannual variability ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; EL-NINO; DECADAL VARIATIONS; GENESIS FREQUENCY; TYPHOON ACTIVITY; ENSO EVENTS; OCEAN; CHINA AB This study investigates the association between the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP). It is found that the positive PMM phase favors the occurrence of TCs in the WNP while the negative PMM phase inhibits the occurrence of TCs there. Observed relationships are consistent with those from a long-term preindustrial control experiment (1000 yr) of a high-resolution TC-resolving Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) coupled climate model. The diagnostic relationship between the PMM and TCs in observations and the model is further supported by sensitivity experiments with FLOR. The modulation of TC genesis by the PMM is primarily through the anomalous zonal vertical wind shear (ZVWS) changes in the WNP, especially in the southeastern WNP. The anomalous ZVWS can be attributed to the responses of the atmosphere to the anomalous warming in the northwestern part of the PMM pattern during the positive PMM phase, which resembles a classic Matsuno-Gill pattern. Such influences on TC genesis are strengthened by a cyclonic flow over the WNP. The significant relationship between TCs and the PMM identified here may provide a useful reference for seasonal forecasting of TCs and interpreting changes in TC activity in the WNP. C1 [Zhang, W.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing Int Acad Meteorol Sci, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster,Minist Educ, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, W.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing Int Acad Meteorol Sci, Earth Syst Modeling Ctr, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, W.; Vecchi, G. A.; Murakami, H.; Jia, L.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Zhang, W.; Vecchi, G. A.; Murakami, H.; Jia, L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, G.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM wei.zhang@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Jia, Liwei/O-3938-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Jia, Liwei/0000-0003-0869-1531; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Zhang, Wei/0000-0001-8134-6908 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1262099] FX The authors are grateful to Dan Vimont and Suzana Camargo for their insightful comments and suggestions that improved this paper. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1262099. The authors thank Xiaosong Yang and Andrew Wittenberg for their valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. WZ benefitted from discussion with Lakshmi Krishnamurthy on this study. The authors thank Seth Underwood and Fanrong Zeng for their helpful assistance in experiments. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 1 BP 381 EP 398 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0282.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9QU UT WOS:000367432900001 ER PT J AU Behrangi, A Guan, B Neiman, PJ Schreier, M Lambrigtsen, B AF Behrangi, Ali Guan, Bin Neiman, Paul J. Schreier, Mathias Lambrigtsen, Bjorn TI On the Quantification of Atmospheric Rivers Precipitation from Space: Composite Assessments and Case Studies over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean and the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Hydrology; Hydrometeorology; Observational techniques and algorithms; Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Flood events; IPWG-7 ID SIERRA-NEVADA; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE; RAIN; COAST; ALGORITHM; LAND; CLIMATE AB Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are often associated with extreme precipitation, which can lead to flooding or alleviate droughts. A decade (2003-12) of landfalling ARs impacting the North American west coast (between 32.5 degrees and 52.5 degrees N) is collected to assess the skill of five commonly used satellite-based precipitation products [T3B42, T3B42 real-time (T3B42RT), CPC morphing technique (CMORPH), PERSIANN, and PERSIANN-Cloud Classification System (CCS)] in capturing ARs' precipitation rate and pattern. AR detection was carried out using a database containing twice-daily satellite-based integrated water vapor composite observations. It was found that satellite products are more consistent over ocean than land and often significantly underestimate precipitation rate over land compared to ground observations. Incorrect detection of precipitation from IR-based methods is prevalent over snow and ice surfaces where microwave estimates often show underestimation or missing data. Bias adjustment using ground observation is found very effective to improve satellite products, but it also raises concern regarding near-real-time applicability of satellite products for ARs. The analysis using individual case studies (6-8 January and 13-14 October 2009) and an ensemble of AR events suggests that further advancement in capturing orographic precipitation and precipitation over cold and frozen surfaces is needed to more reliably quantify AR precipitation from space. C1 [Behrangi, Ali; Guan, Bin; Schreier, Mathias; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guan, Bin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Behrangi, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 233-304, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ali.behrangi@jpl.nasa.gov RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010 FU NASA New Investigator Program (NIP), Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Weather program awards FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Financial support is also made available from NASA New Investigator Program (NIP), Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS), and Weather program awards. Government sponsorship is acknowledged. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 17 IS 1 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-15-0061.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9GF UT WOS:000367405100001 ER PT J AU Qian, Z Garboczi, EJ Ye, G Schlangen, E AF Qian, Z. Garboczi, E. J. Ye, G. Schlangen, E. TI Anm: a geometrical model for the composite structure of mortar and concrete using real-shape particles SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Parking algorithm; Mortar; Concrete; Aggregates; Spherical harmonics; Contact algorithm ID HARMONIC MOLECULAR-SURFACES; RANDOM-FIELDS; MU-M; GENERATION; PACKING; SYSTEMS; SAMPLES; ROCKS; ZONE AB The composite geometrical structure of mortar composites can be represented by a model consisting of sand embedded in a cement paste matrix and the structure of concrete by gravel embedded in a mortar matrix. Traditionally, spheres have often been used to represent aggregates (sand and gravel), although the accuracy of properties computed for structures using spherical aggregates as inclusions can be limited when the property contrast between aggregate and matrix is large. In this paper, a new geometrical model is described, which can simulate the composite structures of mortar and concrete with real-shape aggregates. The aggregate shapes are either directly or statistically taken from real particles, using a spherical harmonic expansion, where a set of spherical harmonic coefficients, a (nm) , is used to describe the irregular shape. The model name of Anm is taken from this choice of notation. The take-and-place parking method is employed to put multiple irregular particles together within a pre-determined empty container, which becomes a representative volume element. This representative volume element can then be used as input into some kind of computational material model, which uses other numerical techniques such as finite elements to compute properties of the Anm composite structure. C1 [Qian, Z.] Mat Innovat Inst M2i, Delft, Netherlands. [Qian, Z.; Ye, G.; Schlangen, E.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov RI ye, guang/F-1204-2014 OI ye, guang/0000-0001-8566-3863 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 EI 1871-6873 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 49 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1617/s11527-014-0482-5 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA CZ9OD UT WOS:000367426000012 ER PT J AU Chen, YZ Mu, SJ Sun, ZG Gang, CC Li, JL Padarian, J Groisman, P Chen, JP Li, SW AF Chen, Yizhao Mu, Shaojie Sun, Zhengguo Gang, Chengcheng Li, Jianlong Padarian, Jose Groisman, Pavel Chen, Jingming Li, Siwei TI Grassland Carbon Sequestration Ability in China: A New Perspective from Terrestrial Aridity Zones SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aridity index; Chinese grassland; terrestrial biogeochemical modeling; terrestrial carbon cycle; water budget condition ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; FOR-GREEN POLICY; LAND-USE CHANGE; INNER-MONGOLIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PROCESS MODEL; PRECIPITATION GRADIENT; TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION AB Current climate change (e.g., temperature and precipitation variations) profoundly influences terrestrial vegetation growth and production, ecosystem respiration, and nutrient circulation. Grasslands are sensitive to climate change, and the carbon sequestration ability is closely related to water availability. However, how the terrestrial water budget influences regional carbon sequestration by the grassland ecosystem is still unclear. In this study, we modified a terrestrial biogeochemical model to investigate net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of Chinese grasslands under different aridity index (AI) levels from 1982 to 2008. The results showed that Chinese grasslands acted as a carbon sink of 33.7 TgC. yr(-1), with a clear decrease in the spatial distribution from the humid end (near-forest) to the arid end (near-desert). During these 27 years, gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) significantly increased with regional warming over the entire range of the AI, but no significant tendency was found for NEP. Meanwhile, only NPP in the arid zone (AR) and the semiarid zone (SAR) were significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), and no significant correlation was found between heterotrophic respiration (R-h) and MAP; NPP and R-h were both positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) in all AI zones except for NPP in AR; no significant correlation between NEP and MAP or MAT was found. These results revealed that the grasslands with different AI levels keep different response patterns to temperature and precipitation variations. On the basis of these results, we predicted that the gap of carbon sequestration ability between humid and arid grassland will expand. The total carbon sink in Chinese grasslands will continue to fluctuate, but there is a danger that it might shrink in the future because of a combination of climatic and human factors, although CO2 fertilization and N deposition might partly mitigate this reduction. (C) 2016 Society for Range Management. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Yizhao; Gang, Chengcheng; Li, Jianlong] Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Mu, Shaojie] Minist Protect, Nanjing Inst Environm Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Sun, Zhengguo] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Padarian, Jose] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr & Environm, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Groisman, Pavel] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Chen, Jingming] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Li, Siwei] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Li, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, Hankou Rd 22, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM Jianlongli@gmail.com FU APN Global Change Fund Project [ARCP2013-16NMY-Li]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271361]; Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (973 Program) [2010CB950702]; National High Technology Project (863 Plan) [2007AA10Z231]; Australian Agency for International Development [64828] FX Research was funded by APN Global Change Fund Project (ARCP2013-16NMY-Li), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271361); The Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (973 Program, 2010CB950702); the National High Technology Project (863 Plan, No. 2007AA10Z231); and the Public Sector Linkage Program supported by Australian Agency for International Development (64828). NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 44 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 69 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.rama.2015.09.003 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CZ8YY UT WOS:000367386200011 ER PT J AU Unemoto, A Wu, H Udovic, TJ Matsuo, M Ikeshoji, T Orimo, S AF Unemoto, Atsushi Wu, Hui Udovic, Terrence J. Matsuo, Motoaki Ikeshoji, Tamio Orimo, Shin-ichi TI Fast lithium-ionic conduction in a new complex hydride-sulphide crystalline phase SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE BATTERY; TETRAHYDROBORATE ANIONS; SUPERIONIC CONDUCTOR; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIBH4; ELECTROLYTE; CHEMISTRY; STORAGE; SYSTEM AB A new crystalline phase derived from a 90LiBH(4):10P(2)S(5) mixture displays high lithium-ionic conductivity of log(sigma/S cm(-1)) = -3.0 at 300 K. It is stable up to 473 K and has both a wide potential window of 0-5 V and favorable mechanical properties for battery assembly. Its incorporation into a bulk-type all-solid-state TiS2/InLi battery enabled repeated battery operation at 300 K. C1 [Unemoto, Atsushi; Ikeshoji, Tamio; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI AIMR, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Wu, Hui; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matsuo, Motoaki; Ikeshoji, Tamio; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Unemoto, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI AIMR, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM unemoto@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Unemoto, Atsushi/D-3051-2013; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978]; Target Project of WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University [4]; Collaborative Research Centre on Energy Materials, Tohoku University; JSPS KAKENHI [25220911]; Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) FX The authors would like to thank Mr K. Sato, Ms H. Ohmiya, Ms N. Warifune, and Dr R. L. Paul for technical assistance. The fruitful discussion and collaboration with Mr G. Nogami and Dr M. Taniguchi of Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd are also acknowledged. This study was performed in part as collaboration between members of IEA HIA Task 32, Hydrogen-based Energy Storage. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from DOE EERE through Grant No. DE-EE0002978; the Target Project 4 of WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University; Collaborative Research Centre on Energy Materials, Tohoku University; JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. 25220911; and the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 82 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 564 EP 566 DI 10.1039/c5cc07793a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CZ7DD UT WOS:000367259200031 PM 26541828 ER PT J AU Kaplan, IC Williams, GD Bond, NA Hermann, AJ Siedlecki, SA AF Kaplan, Isaac C. Williams, Gregory D. Bond, Nicholas A. Hermann, Albert J. Siedlecki, Samantha A. TI Cloudy with a chance of sardines: forecasting sardine distributions using regional climate models SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate forecast system; ecological forecasting; Pacific sardine; regional ocean modeling system; Sardinops sagax ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SPAWNING HABITAT; SKILL ASSESSMENT; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; CURRENT SYSTEM; TUNA HABITAT; SAGAX; OCEAN AB Despite the significant advances in making monthly or seasonal forecasts of weather, ocean hypoxia, harmful algal blooms and marine pathogens, few such forecasting efforts have extended to the ecology of upper trophic level marine species. Here, we test our ability to use short-term (up to 9months) predictions of ocean conditions to create a novel forecast of the spatial distribution of Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax. Predictions of ocean conditions are derived using the output from the Climate Forecast System (CFS) model downscaled through the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we estimated significant relationships between sardine presence in a test year (2009) and salinity and temperature. The model, fitted to 2009 data, had a moderate skill [area under the curve (AUC)=0.67] in predicting 2009 sardine distributions, 5-8months in advance. Preliminary tests indicate that the model also had the skill to predict sardine presence in August 2013 (AUC=0.85) and August 2014 (AUC=0.96), 4-5months in advance. The approach could be used to provide fishery managers with an early warning of distributional shifts of this species, which migrates from the U.S.-Mexico border to as far north as British Columbia, Canada, in summers with warm water and other favorable ocean conditions. We expect seasonal and monthly forecasts of ocean conditions to be broadly useful for predicting spatial distributions of other pelagic and midwater species. C1 [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Williams, Gregory D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.; Hermann, Albert J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.; Hermann, Albert J.; Siedlecki, Samantha A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; NOAA NWFSC FX Two anonymous reviewers provided insightful and constructive advice on an earlier version of this analysis. Ole Shelton, Jennifer Boldt and Jake Schweigert provided comments on the manuscript. Ole Shelton provided statistical advice, and Juan Zwolinski's R code was the starting point for the GAMs here. Data were provided by Linnea Flostrand, Jennifer Boldt and Jake Schweigert, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Tom Jagielo and Jerry Thon, Northwest Sardine Survey; Bob Emmett, NOAA NWFSC, and Sam McClatchie, Emmanis Dorval, and Juan Zwolinski, NOAA SWFSC. NOAA Carbon Cruise salinity and temperature data were provided by Simone Alin, PMEL. Thanks goes to Tam Nguyen who created Figure 1 to represent the model skill. Funding was provided by the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program and NOAA NWFSC. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 25 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1111/fog.12131 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA CZ6BU UT WOS:000367186900002 ER PT J AU Fairgrieve, MR Shibata, Y Smith, EK Hayman, ES Luckenbach, JA AF Fairgrieve, Marian R. Shibata, Yasushi Smith, Elizabeth K. Hayman, Edward S. Luckenbach, J. Adam TI Molecular characterization of the gonadal kisspeptin system: Cloning, tissue distribution, gene expression analysis and localization in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kisspeptin system; Reproduction; Primary oocyte growth; Ovarian development; Gonadal sex differentiation; Teleost ID KISSPEPTIN/KISSPEPTIN RECEPTOR SYSTEM; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONES; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR-54; OOCYTE GROWTH; TELEOST FISH; LOCAL REGULATOR; SCOMBROID FISH; MESSENGER-RNAS; CHUB MACKEREL; IDENTIFICATION AB The kisspeptin system plays pivotal roles in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Classically, kisspeptin produced in the brain stimulates brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling, which in turn activates the pituitary gonad axis. Expression of the kisspeptin system has also been documented in peripheral tissues, including gonads of mammals and fishes. However, the fish gonadal kisspeptin system remained uncharacterized. Herein we report identification and characterization of four kisspeptin system mRNAs (kisspeptin 1 (kiss1), kiss2, and G protein-coupled receptor 54-1 (gpr54-1) and gpr54-2) in sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria. Sablefish predicted protein sequences were highly similar to those of other marine teleosts, but less so to freshwater teleosts. Tissue distribution analyses revealed that all four kisspeptin-system transcripts were expressed in both brain and gonad. However, kiss2 was the predominant transcript in the gonads and the only transcript detected in ovulated eggs. Ontogenetic analysis of kiss2 expression in juvenile sablefish gonads demonstrated that levels were low during sex differentiation but increased with fish size and gonadal development. Dramatic increases in kiss2 mRNA occurred during primary oocyte growth, while levels remained relatively low in testes. In situ hybridization revealed that kiss2 mRNA was localized to cytoplasm of perinucleolus stage oocytes, suggesting it could play a local role in oogenesis or could be synthesized and stored within oocytes as maternal mRNA. This represents the first study to focus on the gonadal kisspeptin system in fishes and provides important tools for further investigation of both the gonadal and brain kisspeptin systems in sablefish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fairgrieve, Marian R.] Univ Washington, Undergrad Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shibata, Yasushi] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Smith, Elizabeth K.; Hayman, Edward S.] NOAA, Frank Orth & Associates, Contract Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM adam.luckenbach@noaa.gov FU University of Washington Undergraduate Research Program FX The authors are grateful for the help of William T. Fairgrieve, Mollie A. Middleton, and Jose M. Guzman of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Thanks also to Professor Graham Young of the University of Washington for his mentorship and Kenneth C. Massee and Ronald B. Johnson for providing sablefish for this research. This study was made possible in part by two Mary Gates Research Scholarships to M.R.F. from the University of Washington Undergraduate Research Program. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 225 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.015 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CZ2RT UT WOS:000366953000022 PM 26386183 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Horrom, T Anderson, BE Glasser, R Lett, PD AF Gupta, Prasoon Horrom, Travis Anderson, Brian E. Glasser, Ryan Lett, Paul D. TI Multi-channel entanglement distribution using spatial multiplexing from four-wave mixing in atomic vapor SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE spatial multiplexing; four-wave mixing; secret sharing; entanglement ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; STATES; SECRET; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SHARE AB Four-wave mixing in atomic vapor allows for the generation of multi-spatial-mode states of light containing many pairs of two-mode entangled vacuum beams. This in principle can be used to send independent secure keys to multiple parties simultaneously using a single light source. In our experiment, we demonstrate this spatial multiplexing of information by selecting three independent pairs of entangled modes and performing continuous-variable measurements to verify the correlations between entangled partners. In this way, we generate three independent pairs of correlated random bit streams that could be used as secure keys. We then demonstrate a classical four-party secret sharing scheme as an example for how this spatially multiplexed source could be used. C1 [Gupta, Prasoon; Horrom, Travis; Anderson, Brian E.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Glasser, Ryan] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Horrom, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM tshorrom@umd.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-1-0035] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [grant number FA9550-1-0035]. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2016 VL 63 IS 3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1080/09500340.2015.1071891 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ5SM UT WOS:000367162300001 ER PT J AU Knitter, S Liew, SF Xiong, W Guy, MI Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Knitter, Sebastian Liew, Seng Fatt Xiong, Wen Guy, Mikhael I. Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Topological defect lasers SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS LA English DT Article DE topological defect; photonic crystal; optical vortex ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS AB We introduce a topological defect to a regular photonic crystal defect cavity with anisotropic unit cell. Spatially localized resonances are formed and have high quality factor. Unlike the regular photonic crystal defect states, the localized resonances in the topological defect structures support powerflow vortices. Experimentally we realize lasing in the topological defect cavities with optical pumping. This work shows that the spatially inhomogeneous variation of the unit cell orientation adds another degree of freedom to the control of lasing modes, enabling the manipulation of the field pattern and energy flow landscape. C1 [Knitter, Sebastian; Liew, Seng Fatt; Xiong, Wen; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Guy, Mikhael I.] Yale Univ, Sci & Res Software Core, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knitter, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu FU MURI from the US Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0649]; NSF [DMR-1205307] FX We thank Yaron Bromberg, Eric Dufresne and Chinedum Osuji for useful discussions. This work is supported by the MURI grant no. N00014-13-1-0649 from the US Office of Naval Research and by the NSF under the grant no. DMR-1205307. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2040-8978 EI 2040-8986 J9 J OPTICS-UK JI J. Opt. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 18 IS 1 AR 014005 DI 10.1088/2040-8978/18/1/014005 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA CZ6BV UT WOS:000367187000009 ER PT J AU Ilotoviz, E Khain, AP Benmoshe, N Phillips, VTJ Ryzhkov, AV AF Ilotoviz, Eyal Khain, Alexander P. Benmoshe, Nir Phillips, Vaughan T. J. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Effect of Aerosols on Freezing Drops, Hail, and Precipitation in a Midlatitude Storm SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BULK MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD MODEL; PART I; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; ICE PARTICLES; SIZE SPECTRA; GROWTH; SUPERCELL; GRAUPEL; WATER AB A midlatitude hail storm was simulated using a new version of the spectral bin microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with a detailed description of time-dependent melting and freezing. In addition to size distributions of drops, plate-, columnar-, and branch-type ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail, new distributions for freezing drops as well as for liquid water mass within precipitating ice particles were implemented to describe time-dependent freezing and wet growth of hail, graupel, and freezing drops.Simulations carried out using different aerosol loadings show that an increase in aerosol loading leads to a decrease in the total mass of hail but also to a substantial increase in the maximum size of hailstones. Cumulative rain strongly increases with an increase in aerosol concentration from 100 to about 1000 cm(-3). At higher cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, the sensitivity of hailstones' size and surface precipitation to aerosols decreases. The physical mechanism of these effects was analyzed. It was shown that the change in aerosol concentration leads to a change in the major mechanisms of hail formation and growth. The main effect of the increase in the aerosol concentration is the increase in the supercooled cloud water content. Accordingly, at high aerosol concentration, the hail grows largely by accretion of cloud droplets in the course of recycling in the cloud updraft zone. The main mechanism of hail formation in the case of low aerosol concentration is freezing of raindrops. C1 [Ilotoviz, Eyal; Khain, Alexander P.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Benmoshe, Nir] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Phillips, Vaughan T. J.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Khain, AP (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM alexander.khain@mail.huji.ac.il FU U.S. Department of Energy's (DoE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) [DE-S0006788, DE-SC0008811]; Binational U.S.-Israel Science Foundation [2010446]; Israel Science Foundation [1393/14] FX The study was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DoE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (DE-S0006788; DE-SC0008811), the Binational U.S.-Israel Science Foundation (Grant 2010446), and the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 1393/14). The data can be provided upon request (alexander.khain@mail.huji.ac.il; eyal.ilotoviz@mail.huji.ac.il). NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 109 EP 144 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0155.1 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9DJ UT WOS:000367397700002 ER PT J AU Banerjee, T Li, D Juang, JY Katul, G AF Banerjee, Tirtha Li, Dan Juang, Jehn-Yih Katul, Gabriel TI A Spectral Budget Model for the Longitudinal Turbulent Velocity in the Stable Atmospheric Surface Layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Circulation; Dynamics; Atmosphere-land interaction; Turbulence; Atm; Ocean Structure; Phenomena; Boundary layer; Eddies; Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Stability; Mathematical and statistical techniques; Spectral analysis; models; distribution ID MONIN-OBUKHOV SIMILARITY; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVE; BULK RICHARDSON-NUMBER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; STRATIFIED FLOWS; CANOPY SUBLAYER; KINETIC-ENERGY; CLOSURE MODELS; FLUX-PROFILE AB A spectral budget model is developed to describe the scaling behavior of the longitudinal turbulent velocity variance sigma(2)(u) with the stability parameter zeta = z/L and the normalized height z/delta in an idealized stably stratified atmospheric surface layer (ASL), where z is the height from the surface, L is the Obukhov length, and delta is the boundary layer height. The proposed framework employs Kolmogorov's hypothesis for describing the shape of the longitudinal velocity spectra in the inertial subrange, Heisenberg's eddy viscosity as a closure for the pressure redistribution and turbulent transfer terms, and the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) scaling for linking the mean longitudinal velocity and temperature profiles to zeta. At a given friction velocity u(*), sigma(u) reduces with increasing zeta as expected. The model is consistent with the disputed z-less stratification when the stability correction function for momentum increases with increasing zeta linearly or as a power law with the exponent exceeding unity. For the Businger-Dyer stability correction function for momentum, which varies linearly with zeta, the limit of the z-less onset is zeta approximate to 2. The proposed framework explains why sigma(u) does not follow MOST scaling even when the mean velocity and temperature profiles may follow MOST in the ASL. It also explains how delta ceases to be a scaling variable in more strongly stable (although well-developed turbulent) ranges. C1 [Banerjee, Tirtha; Katul, Gabriel] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Li, Dan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Juang, Jehn-Yih] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Katul, Gabriel] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Banerjee, T (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. EM tirtha.banerjee@kit.edu RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Juang, Jehn-Yih/0000-0002-7890-0696; Banerjee, Tirtha/0000-0002-5153-9474 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-EAR-134470, NSF-AGS-1102227]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program [DE-SC0006967, DE-SC0011461]; NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University - BP FX T.B. and G.K. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR-134470, NSF-AGS-1102227) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES) Program (DE-SC0006967 and DE-SC0011461). DL acknowledges support from the NOAA (U.S. Department of Commerce) Grant NA08OAR4320752 and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the U.S. Department of Commerce, or BP. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 73 IS 1 BP 145 EP 166 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0066.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ9DJ UT WOS:000367397700003 ER PT J AU Weijerman, M Grace-McCaskey, C Grafeld, SL Kotowicz, DM Oleson, KLL van Putten, IE AF Weijerman, Mariska Grace-McCaskey, Cynthia Grafeld, Shanna L. Kotowicz, Dawn M. Oleson, Kirsten L. L. van Putten, Ingrid E. TI Towards an ecosystem-based approach of Guam's coral reefs: The human dimension SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Marine resource use; Coral reef ecosystem; Socio-ecological model; Guam; Fisheries; Tourism ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; OBJECTIVES; MODEL; FISH; VARIABILITY; MICRONESIA; IMPACTS; PARK AB Management of tropical reef ecosystems under pressure from terrestrial and extractive marine activities is not straightforward, especially when the interests of extractive and non-extractive marine resource sectors compete. Before implementing management actions, potential outcomes of alternative management strategies can be evaluated in order to avoid adverse or unintended consequences. In tropical reef ecosystems the continued existence of the cultural and recreational fishing activities and the economically important dive-based tourism and recreation industry rest on sustainably managed marine resources. Through a case study of Guam, an ecosystem model was linked with human behavior models for participation in fishing and diving to evaluate future socio-ecological impacts of different management options. Ecosystem indices for reef status and resilience; and extraction potential were identified to evaluate the performance of alternative management scenarios. These marine ecosystem indices link the natural system to human uses (fishing and dive-based tourism and recreation). Evaluating management scenarios indicate that applying a single management tool, such as input controls or marine preserves, without also managing the watershed, is suboptimal. Combining different management tools has negative near-term costs, particularly for the fishing sector, but these are likely to be outweighed by the long-term benefits obtained from greater species abundance. Adopting watershed management measures in addition to fishery regulations distributes the burden for improving the reef status across multiple sectors that contribute to reef pressures. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Weijerman, Mariska] Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Grace-McCaskey, Cynthia; Kotowicz, Dawn M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Grafeld, Shanna L.; Oleson, Kirsten L. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [van Putten, Ingrid E.] CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [van Putten, Ingrid E.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Socioecol, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176,Mail Rm 2247, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM Mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov OI Weijerman, Mariska/0000-0001-5990-7385 FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program [817] FX Funding was provided to MW and SG by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, project no. 817. We like to thank Adel Heenan and Rusty Brainard for their improvements to the manuscript. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NOM or the Department of Commerce. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 63 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.09.028 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA CZ3RF UT WOS:000367021000002 ER PT J AU Belmecheri, S Babst, F Wahl, ER Stahle, DW Trouet, V AF Belmecheri, Soumaya Babst, Flurin Wahl, Eugene R. Stahle, David W. Trouet, Valerie TI Multi-century evaluation of Sierra Nevada snowpack SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Letter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHT C1 [Belmecheri, Soumaya; Babst, Flurin; Trouet, Valerie] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Paleoclimatol Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stahle, David W.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Belmecheri, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM trouet@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Babst, Flurin/C-5651-2017 OI Babst, Flurin/0000-0003-4106-7087 FU National Science Foundation CAREER grant [AGS-1349942]; Department of Interior Southwest Climate Science Center (US Geological Survey) [G13AC00339]; Swiss National Science Foundation [P300P2_154543] FX This work was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER grant (AGS-1349942), a grant from the Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Science Center (US Geological Survey; G13AC00339) and a Swiss National Science Foundation grant (P300P2_154543). We are grateful to Kevin Anchukaitis for discussion and useful input. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3UZ UT WOS:000367030800012 ER PT J AU Lemoine, D Kapnick, S AF Lemoine, Derek Kapnick, Sarah TI A top-down approach to projecting market impacts of climate change SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; CHANGE POLICY; MODELS; ECONOMICS; DAMAGES AB To evaluate policies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, economic models require estimates of how future climate change will affect well-being. So far, nearly all estimates of the economic impacts of future warming have been developed by combining estimates of impacts in individual sectors of the economy(1,2). Recent work has used variation in warming over time and space to produce top-down estimates of how past climate and weather shocks have affected economic output(3-5). Here we propose a statistical framework for converting these top-down estimates of past economic costs of regional warming into projections of the economic cost of future global warming. Combining the latest physical climate models, socioeconomic projections, and economic estimates of past impacts, we find that future warming could raise the expected rate of economic growth in richer countries, reduce the expected rate of economic growth in poorer countries, and increase the variability of growth by increasing the climate's variability. This study suggests we should rethink the focus on global impacts and the use of deterministic frameworks for modelling impacts and policy. C1 [Lemoine, Derek] Univ Arizona, Dept Econ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kapnick, Sarah] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lemoine, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Econ, McClelland 401,1130 E Helen St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dlemoine@email.arizona.edu FU Resources for the Future's John V. Krutilla Research Stipend; University of Arizona's Institute of the Environment; National Science Foundation [1331373] FX D.L. is grateful for support from Resources for the Future's John V. Krutilla Research Stipend and the University of Arizona's Institute of the Environment. S.K.'s research was supported by the National Science Foundation under award No. 1331373. The Dissertations Initiative or the Advancement oh Climate Change Research (DISCCRS) played a crucial role in connecting the authors and stimulating the project. G. Moreno and C. Raphael provided research and graphical design assistance, respectively. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 1 BP 51 EP + DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2759 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CZ3UZ UT WOS:000367030800019 ER PT J AU Twedt, KA Zou, J Davanco, M Srinivasan, K McClelland, JJ Aksyuk, VA AF Twedt, Kevin A. Zou, Jie Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik McClelland, Jabez J. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. TI Imaging nanophotonic modes of microresonators using a focused ion beam SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; NEAR-FIELD PROBE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CAVITY; LIGHT; NANOCAVITIES; IRRADIATION; SILICON AB Optical microresonators have proven powerful in a wide range of applications(1), including cavity quantum electrodynamics(2-4), biosensing(5), microfludics(6), cavity optomechanics(7-9) and optical frequency combs(10). Their performance depends critically on the exact distribution of optical energy, confined and shaped by the nanoscale device geometry. Near-field optical probes(11) can image this distribution, but the physical probe necessarily perturbs the near field, which is particularly problematic for sensitive high-quality-factor resonances(12,13). We present a new approach to mapping nanophotonic modes that uses a controllably small and local optomechanical perturbation introduced by a focused lithium ion beam(14). An ion beam(radius of approximate to 50 nm) induces a picometre-scale deformation of the resonator surface, which we detect through shifts in the optical resonance wavelengths. We map five modes of a silicon microdisk resonator (Q >= 20,000) with high spatial and spectral resolution. Our technique also enables in situ observation of ion implantation damage and relaxation dynamics in a silicon lattice(15,16). C1 [Twedt, Kevin A.; Zou, Jie; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik; McClelland, Jabez J.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Twedt, Kevin A.; Zou, Jie] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aksyuk, VA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors thank N. Zhitenev for proposing the initial experiments that led to this work, and K. Dill for assistance preparing the image in Fig 1b. K.A.T. and J.Z. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award no. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD JAN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 35 EP U47 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.248 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CZ6GY UT WOS:000367200400011 PM 27087832 ER PT J AU Oilo, M Quinn, GD AF Oilo, Marit Quinn, George D. TI Fracture origins in twenty-two dental alumina crowns SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Alumina; Fracture origins; Fractography; Dental crowns; Ceramics; Machining damage ID ALL-CERAMIC CROWNS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO; PROCERA ALLCERAM; FAILURE ANALYSIS; EDGE STRENGTH; RESTORATIONS; DESIGN; FRACTOGRAPHY; THICKNESS AB Objectives: The causes of in vivo fractures of all-ceramic dental crowns are not yet fully understood. The fracture origins often occur in the cervical margin in the approximal area, but the reason for this is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture origin of 22 of clinically-failed alumina crowns. Methods: The fracture surfaces of alumina crowns fractured in vivo were inspected by optical microscopy to evaluate the fracture patterns and identify the cause of fracture. Fracture maps were constructed as needed to interpret the patterns of breakage and to back track to a fracture origin area. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the fracture origins of the 22 cases where the origin site was available. Results: The most common fracture origins were marginal defects either in the alumina core or in the veneer. The defects included thin, chipped, cracked or uneven crown margins and excess veneer on the inside of the crown. Multiple flaws were present along the margins in most specimens, but fracture origins were usually located in the region of the shortest axial wall. A few crowns had pores, contamination, or incomplete sintering that acted as fracture origins. Significance: Production method, handling, design and material insufficiencies influence the fracture of dental ceramic crowns. Machining defects and other margin flaws seem to be the most detrimental factors for alumina crowns. Feather-edge or sharp margins should be avoided. Smooth and moderately thick crown margins would probably dramatically improve the durability. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Oilo, Marit] Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Dent Biomat, Fac Med & Dent, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway. [Quinn, George D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oilo, M (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Dent Biomat, Fac Med & Dent, Aarstadveien 19, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway. EM marit.oilo@iko.uib.no OI Oilo, Marit/0000-0002-7134-6485 FU NIH [R01-DE17983]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; ADAF Volpe Research Center; University of Bergen FX The authors thank Egil S. Erichsen at The Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University of Bergen, for assistance with some of the SEM analyses. This work was made possible by a grant from NIH, R01-DE17983, and the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the ADAF Volpe Research Center. The work of the other author (Mempty set) was supported by the University of Bergen. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-6161 EI 1878-0180 J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 53 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.08.006 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CY2GJ UT WOS:000366226500009 PM 26318570 ER PT J AU Squires, D Vestergaard, N AF Squires, Dale Vestergaard, Niels TI Putting Economics into Maximum Economic Yield SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Maximum economic yield; economic efficiency; equity; economic and social prices; public goods; technical change; numeraire; fisheries ID COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; FISHERY; EXPLOITATION; MANAGEMENT; STOCKS AB Maximum economic yield (MEY) can be extended along two dimensions beyond the common resource stock externality: (1) the appropriate measurement of costs and benefits and (2) extending MEY beyond the relationship between the harvest sector and the resource stock externality. Only when all economic distortions are accounted for and valued by economic (shadow) prices does MEY actually represent a full economic optimum. Accounting for dynamic technical and allocative efficiency extends MEY beyond the traditional dynamic scale efficiency. When accounting for accumulated and new technology and nonmarket public good benefits from biodiversity and ecosystem services, an open question remains whether the MEY resource stock exceeds, equals, or falls short of the MSY resource stock. Without no-growth, steady-state equilibrium, adaptive management is required using non-autonomous bioeconomic models or continuous updating of autonomous ones. C1 [Squires, Dale] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Vestergaard, Niels] Univ So Denmark, Ctr Fisheries & Aquaculture Management & Econ FAM, Dept Environm & Business Econ, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Dale.Squires@noaa.gov; nv@sam.sdu.dk OI Vestergaard, Niels/0000-0001-9270-2461 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 31 IS 1 BP 101 EP 116 DI 10.1086/683670 PG 16 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA CY7ZZ UT WOS:000366629500006 ER PT J AU Tan, KT White, CC Hunston, D Gorham, JM Imburgia, MJ Forster, AM Vogt, BD AF Tan, Kar Tean White, Christopher C. Hunston, Donald Gorham, Justin M. Imburgia, Michael J. Forster, Aaron M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Role of salt on adhesion of an epoxy/aluminum (oxide) interface in aqueous environments SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SHAFT-LOADED BLISTER; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; SITU ATR-FTIR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUBSTRATE INTERFACE; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; WATER-ADSORPTION; EPOXY ADHESIVE AB Joints held by polymeric adhesives are commonplace in many engineered products, but normal service can require exposure to environmental conditions that present a significant challenge for maintaining the structural integrity of the interface. In particular, aqueous environments can wreak havoc on the joint strength. Here, a mechanistic approach is used to understand the difference in the debonding behavior of an epoxy/aluminum (oxide) interface when exposed to deionized (DI) water and aqueous sodium chloride by correlating macroscopic failure with the sorption of salt and water into the adhesive and its nanoscale distribution. For the epoxy-aluminum system examined here, the presence of sodium chloride increases the resistance to crack growth in comparison to DI water. The debonding appears to be controlled by water near the buried interface. Salt water decreases the solubility of water in the epoxy and decreases the concentration of water near the buried interface, but the concentration of salt that enters the epoxy is below the detection limit. Thus, even if ions cannot penetrate or sorb into the adhesive, the presence of salt can significantly alter the water distribution within the adhesive and ultimately the strength of the joint. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:18-26, 2016. (c) 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Tan, Kar Tean; White, Christopher C.; Hunston, Donald; Imburgia, Michael J.; Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorham, Justin M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogt, Bryan D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov; vogt@uakron.edu RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 FU NIST (Department of Commerce) [60NANB9D9130]; National Research Council (NRC), Research Associateship Programs FX Contract grant sponsor: NIST (Department of Commerce); contract grant number: 60NANB9D9130; contract grant sponsor: National Research Council (NRC), Research Associateship Programs. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 EI 1548-2634 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 56 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1002/pen.24186 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA CZ1BI UT WOS:000366840300003 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Calizo, I Hacker, CA Richter, CA Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Calizo, Irene Hacker, Christina A. Richter, Curt A. Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Fe-catalyzed etching of exfoliated graphite through carbon hydrogenation SO CARBON LA English DT Letter ID LAYER GRAPHENE; EDGES; IRON AB We present an investigation on Fe-catalyzed etching of graphite by dewetting Fe thin films on graphite in forming gas. Raman mapping of the etched graphite shows thickness variation in the etched channels and reveals that the edges are predominately terminated in zigzag configuration. X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements identify that the catalytic particles are Fe with the presence of iron carbide and iron oxides. The existence of iron carbide indicates that, in additional to carbon hydrogenation, carbon dissolution into Fe is involved during etching. Furthermore, the catalytic particles can be re-activated upon a second annealing in forming gas. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Calizo, Irene; Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, GJ (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU National Research Council; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology FX I. C. was partially supported by the National Research Council. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors thank Dr. Taner Yildirim for his help with XRD measurements. We identify certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials in this article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2016 VL 96 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.079 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CY0EB UT WOS:000366078000038 PM 27840449 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM Osborn, WA Woodcock, JW Scott, KCK Heddleston, JM Walker, ARH Gilman, JW AF Gorham, Justin M. Osborn, William A. Woodcock, Jeremiah W. Scott, Keana C. K. Heddleston, John M. Walker, Angela R. Hight Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Detecting carbon in carbon: Exploiting differential charging to obtain information on the chemical identity and spatial location of carbon nanotube aggregates in composites by imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; EPOXY COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; XPS; TRANSFORMATIONS; NANOMATERIALS; IRRADIATION; SURFACES AB To better assess risks associated with nano-enabled products including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) within polymer matrices, it is important to understand how MWCNT are dispersed throughout the composite. The current study presents a method which employs imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to chemically detect spatially segregated MWCNT rich regions at an epoxy composites surface by exploiting differential charging. MWCNT do not charge due to high conductivity and have previously been shown to energetically separate from their insulating surroundings when characterized by XPS. XPS in imaging mode revealed that these conductive regions were spatially separated due to micrometer-scale MWCNT aggregation and poor dispersion during the formation of the composite. Three MWCNT concentrations were studied; (1, 4 and 5) % by mass MWCNT within an epoxy matrix. Images acquired in periodic energy intervals were processed using custom algorithms designed to efficiently extract spectra from regions of interest. As a result, chemical and electrical information on aggregate and non-aggregate portions of the composite was extracted. Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy were employed as orthogonal techniques for validating this XPS-based methodology. Results demonstrate that XPS imaging of differentially charging MWCNT composite samples is an effective means for assessing dispersion quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gorham, Justin M.; Osborn, William A.; Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Scott, Keana C. K.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heddleston, John M.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gorham, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM justin.gorham@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2016 VL 96 BP 1208 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.073 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CY0EB UT WOS:000366078000141 PM 27765956 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Petropoulos, GP Singh, SK AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Petropoulos, George P. Singh, Sudhir K. TI Reduced major axis approach for correcting GPM/GMI radiometric biases to coincide with radiative transfer simulation SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Bias correction and estimation; Radiometric adjustment; Radiative transfer model; Radiance assimilation; Satellite calibration; Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) ID DATA ASSIMILATION; CORRECTION SCHEME; SYSTEM; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; CODE AB Correcting radiometric biases is crucial prior to the use of satellite observations in a physically based retrieval or data assimilation system. This study proposes an algorithm - RARMA (Radiometric Adjustment using Reduced Major Axis) for correcting the radiometric biases so that the observed radiances coincide with the simulation of a radiative transfer model. The RARMA algorithm is a static bias correction algorithm, which is developed using the reduced major axis (RMA) regression approach. NOAA's Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) has been used as the basis of radiative transfer simulation for adjusting the observed radiometric biases. The algorithm is experimented and applied to the recently launched Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission's GPM Microwave Imager (GMI). Experimental results demonstrate that radiometric biases are apparent in the GMI instrument. The RARMA algorithm has been able to correct such radiometric biases and a significant reduction of observation residuals is revealed while assessing the performance of the algorithm. The experiment is currently tested on clear scenes and over the ocean surface, where, surface emissivity is relatively easier to model, with the help of a microwave emissivity model (FASTEM-5). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Petropoulos, George P.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, Dyfed, Wales. [Singh, Sudhir K.] Univ Allahabad, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Islam, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Sci Sect 329B, M-S 183-518 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tanvir.islam@jpl.nasa.gov RI Petropoulos, George/F-2384-2013 OI Petropoulos, George/0000-0003-1442-1423 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 168 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.08.016 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA CX9EE UT WOS:000366007000005 ER PT J AU Lin, CC Krommenhoek, PJ Watson, SS Gu, XH AF Lin, Chiao-Chi Krommenhoek, Peter J. Watson, Stephanie S. Gu, Xiaohong TI Depth profiling of degradation of multilayer photovoltaic backsheets after accelerated laboratory weathering: Cross-sectional Raman imaging SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Multi layered backsheet; Photovoltaic module; Cross-section; Degradation profile; Raman imaging; Accelerated laboratory weathering ID ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE; SILANE COUPLING AGENTS; CHEMICAL DEGRADATION; PV MODULES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); SURFACE; POLYETHYLENE; ENCAPSULANT AB Understanding of the durability of each individual layer and their interfaces in a multilayered photovoltaic (PV) backsheet is critical to the design and selection of materials for making reliable and high performance PV modules. In this study, Raman imaging was used to depth profile the chemical degradation of a multilayer commercial backsheet film exposed to ultra-violet (UV) radiation at 85 degrees C, 5% relative humidity (RH, dry) and 85 degrees C, 60% RH (humid) on the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) SPHERE (Simulated Photo-degradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure). The backsheet film was a multipart laminate comprising of a pigmented polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based outer layer, PET core layer and three ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) layers having different vinyl acetate (VA) contents, along with two inner adhesive layers between PET outer and PET core layers, and PET core and EVA layers. Cross-sectional samples were prepared by cryo-microtomy for various characterizations. The multilayer structures were examined by laser scanning confocal and atomic force microscopies, while their chemical degradation profiles were obtained by Raman spectroscopic imaging. Non-uniform degradation was observed in the aged backsheet film, and both UV and moisture appeared to significantly affect the degradation profiles of the multilayers. Severe degradation, indicated by high fluorescence, occurred in the outermost region of the pigmented PET outer layer, and the degradation gradient extended to approximately 20 mu m to the bulk. It was also found that the inner adhesive layers were severely deteriorated under moist condition, indicating that the long-term adhesion between the layers could be a major area of concern for multilayer backsheets used in a humid environment. The relationship between the sharp (non-uniform) degradation profile, resultant internal stress, and ultimate failures (cracking and delamination) was discussed as well. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lin, Chiao-Chi; Krommenhoek, Peter J.; Watson, Stephanie S.; Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cclin@nist.gov; peter.krommenhoek@nist.gov; stephanie.watson@nist.gov; xiaohong.gu@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Industry PV Materials Consortium FX This work was conducted with the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Industry PV Materials Consortium. The authors thank all members of this consortium for helpful discussions. Appreciation is extended to Dr. Tinh Nguyen and Dr. Lipiin Sung at NIST for their discussion and suggestion throughout this work. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2016 VL 144 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.021 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CY2FJ UT WOS:000366223900037 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Xie, YF Wang, HL Chen, DH Toth, Z AF Zhang, Yu Xie, Yuanfu Wang, Hongli Chen, Dehui Toth, Zoltan TI Ensemble transform sensitivity method for adaptive observations SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adaptive observation; high impact weather; ensemble transform ID STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; KALMAN FILTER; SINGULAR VECTORS; TRACK FORECASTS; STEERING VECTOR; NORTH PACIFIC; IMPACT; FASTEX; MODEL AB The Ensemble Transform (ET) method has been shown to be useful in providing guidance for adaptive observation deployment. It predicts forecast error variance reduction for each possible deployment using its corresponding transformation matrix in an ensemble subspace. In this paper, a new ET-based sensitivity (ETS) method, which calculates the gradient of forecast error variance reduction in terms of analysis error variance reduction, is proposed to specify regions for possible adaptive observations. ETS is a first order approximation of the ET; it requires just one calculation of a transformation matrix, increasing computational efficiency (60%-80% reduction in computational cost). An explicit mathematical formulation of the ETS gradient is derived and described. Both the ET and ETS methods are applied to the Hurricane Irene (2011) case and a heavy rainfall case for comparison. The numerical results imply that the sensitive areas estimated by the ETS and ET are similar. However, ETS is much more efficient, particularly when the resolution is higher and the number of ensemble members is larger. C1 [Zhang, Yu] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yu] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yu; Xie, Yuanfu; Wang, Hongli; Toth, Zoltan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Hongli] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Chen, Dehui] Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Xie, YF (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yuanfu.xie@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 FU Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development ("973 Program") [2013CB430106]; Key Project of Chinese National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period [2012BAC22B01] FX The authors thank John C. OSBORN at NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory for his English editorial support on this manuscript. The authors would like to express their appreciation to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the earlier version of the manuscript, which helped improve the presentation of this paper. This work was jointly sponsored by the Key Project of the Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development ("973 Program", Grant No. 2013CB430106), and the Key Project of the Chinese National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (Grant No. 2012BAC22B01). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-5031-9 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX4XK UT WOS:000365703700002 ER PT J AU Ming, J Zhang, JA AF Ming, Jie Zhang, Jun A. TI Effects of surface flux parameterization on the numerically simulated intensity and structure of Typhoon Morakot (2009) SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Typhoon Morakot; surface flux parameterization; exchange coefficients; boundary layer ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL CYCLONES; HEAT-FLUX; EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; DRAG COEFFICIENT; TURBULENT FLUXES; MOMENTUM FLUX; WIND STRESS AB The effects of surface flux parameterizations on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and structure are investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) modeling system with high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Morakot (2009). Numerical experiments are designed to simulate Typhoon Morakot (2009) with different formulations of surface exchange coefficients for enthalpy (C (K)) and momentum (C (D)) transfers, including those from recent observational studies based on in situ aircraft data collected in Atlantic hurricanes. The results show that the simulated intensity and structure are sensitive to C (K) and C (D), but the simulated track is not. Consistent with previous studies, the simulated storm intensity is found to be more sensitive to the ratio of C (K)/C (D) than to C (K) or C (D) alone. The pressure-wind relationship is also found to be influenced by the exchange coefficients, consistent with recent numerical studies. This paper emphasizes the importance of C (D) and C (K) on TC structure simulations. The results suggest that C (D) and C (K) have a large impact on surface wind and flux distributions, boundary layer heights, the warm core, and precipitation. Compared to available observations, the experiment with observed C (D) and C (K) generally simulated better intensity and structure than the other experiments, especially over the ocean. The reasons for the structural differences among the experiments with different C (D) and C (K) setups are discussed in the context of TC dynamics and thermodynamics. C1 [Ming, Jie] Nanjing Univ, MOE, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ming, Jie] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun A.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ming, J (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, MOE, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jming@nju.edu.cn RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 FU National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China [2015CB452801, 2013CB430100]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105035]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20620140054, 20620140347]; NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP) [NA14NWS4680028]; NASA Grant [NNX14AM69G] FX Jie MING was primarily supported by the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (Grant Nos. 2015CB452801 and 2013CB430100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41105035), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 20620140054 and 20620140347). Jun ZHANG was supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project (HFIP), Grant Nos. NA14NWS4680028 and NASA Grant NNX14AM69G. We are grateful to the High Performance Computing Center of Nanjing University for carrying out the numerical calculations in this paper on its IBM Blade cluster system. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 33 IS 1 BP 58 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s00376-015-4202-z PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX4XK UT WOS:000365703700006 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Barkoh, A Brooks, BW Grover, JP Hambright, KD LaClaire, JW Moeller, PDR Patino, R AF Roelke, Daniel L. Barkoh, Aaron Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Hambright, K. David LaClaire, John W., II Moeller, Peter D. R. Patino, Reynaldo TI A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th workshop of the International Association for Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP) CY SEP 14-21, 2014 CL Kastoria, GREECE DE Prymnesium parvum; Harmful algal bloom; Geographic spread ID DIFFERENT NUTRIENT CONDITIONS; FATTY-ACID AMIDES; TOXIC HAPTOPHYTE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HARMFUL ALGA; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; PATELLIFERUM HAPTOPHYTA; MESOCOSM EXPERIMENTS; EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS AB Since the mid-1980s, fish-killing blooms of Prymnesium parvum spread throughout the USA. In the south central USA, P. parvum blooms have commonly spanned hundreds of kilometers. There is much evidence that physiological stress brought on by inorganic nutrient limitation enhances toxicity. Other factors influence toxin production as well, such as stress experienced at low salinity and temperature. A better understanding of toxin production by P. parvum remains elusive and the identities and functions of chemicals produced are unclear. This limits our understanding of factors that facilitated the spread of P. parvum blooms. In the south central USA, not only is there evidence that the spread of blooms was controlled, in part, by migration limitation. But there are also observations that suggest changed environmental conditions, primarily salinity, facilitated the spread of blooms. Other factors that might have played a role include altered hydrology and nutrient loading. Changes in water hardness, herbicide use, system pH, and the presence of toxin-resistant and/or P. parvum-inhibiting plankton may also have played a role. Management of P. parvum in natural systems has yet to be attempted, but may be guided by successes achieved in small impoundments and mesocosm experiments that employed various chemical and hydraulic control approaches. C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barkoh, Aaron] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inland Fisheries Div, Mt Home, TX 78058 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Program Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Hambright, K. David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [LaClaire, John W., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Brooks, Bryan/B-2612-2010; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Hambright, Karl/D-4086-2012; OI Brooks, Bryan/0000-0002-6277-9852; Grover, James/0000-0003-2425-6927 FU Texas AM University; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Baylor University; University of Texas at Arlington; University of Oklahoma; University of Texas at Austin; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; U.S. Geological Survey; Texas Tech University; Wildlife Management Institute; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX These sorts of unfunded writing projects actually do require funding, and the co-authors are grateful to their institutes for the indirect support received as part of their position responsibilities. Those institutes are Texas A&M University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Baylor University, University of Texas at Arlington, University of Oklahoma, University of Texas at Austin, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (which is jointly supported by U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Tech University, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, The Wildlife Management Institute, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). NR 161 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 764 IS 1 BP 29 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2273-6 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FM UT WOS:000365727500003 ER PT J AU Roelke, DL Barkoh, A Brooks, BW Grover, JP Hambright, KD LaClaire, JW Moeller, PDR Patino, R AF Roelke, Daniel L. Barkoh, Aaron Brooks, Bryan W. Grover, James P. Hambright, K. David LaClaire, John W., II Moeller, Peter D. R. Patino, Reynaldo TI A chronicle of a killer alga in the west: ecology, assessment, and management of Prymnesium parvum blooms (vol 764, pg 29, 2016) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Correction C1 [Roelke, Daniel L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Barkoh, Aaron] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Heart Hills Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inland Fisheries Div, Mt Home, TX 78058 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Brooks, Bryan W.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA. [Grover, James P.] Univ Arlington, Program Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX USA. [Hambright, K. David] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [LaClaire, John W., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mol Biosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Patino, Reynaldo] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Roelke, DL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM droelke@tamu.edu RI Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2016 VL 764 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10750-015-2477-9 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CX5FM UT WOS:000365727500004 ER PT J AU Higham, JES Bejder, L Allen, SJ Corkeron, PJ Lusseau, D AF Higham, James E. S. Bejder, Lars Allen, Simon J. Corkeron, Peter J. Lusseau, David TI Managing whale-watching as a non-lethal consumptive activity SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM LA English DT Article DE marine tourism; wildlife tourism; whale-watching; capitalism; sub-lethal anthropogenic stress ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; NATURE-BASED TOURISM; NEW-ZEALAND; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; TURSIOPS-SPP.; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NEOLIBERALISING NATURE; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; WILDLIFE TOURISM AB Marine tourism is a new frontier of late-capitalist transformation, generating more global revenue than aquaculture and fisheries combined. This transformation created whale-watching, a commercial tourism form that, despite recent critiques, has been accepted as non-consumptive activity. This paper uses four academic discourses to critique whale-watching as a form of capitalist exploitation: (1) commercial whale-watching and global capitalist transformation, (2) global capitalist politics and the promoted belief that whale-watching is non-consumptive, (3) the inherent contradictions of non-consumptive capitalist exploitation, and (4) whale-watching as a common-pool resource. These discourses lead us to critique whale-watching practices in relation to the common capitalist sequence of resource diversification, exploitation, depletion and collapse. Using specific impact studies, we conclude that a sustainability paradigm shift is required, whereby whale-watching (and other forms of wildlife tourism) is recognized as a form of non-lethal consumptive exploitation, understood in terms of sub-lethal anthropogenic stress and energetic impacts. We argue the need for a paradigm shift in the regulation and management of commercial whale-watching, and present the case for a unified, international framework for managing the negative externalities of whale-watching. The relevance of the issues raised about neoliberal policy-making extends beyond whale-watching to all forms of wildlife and nature-based tourism. C1 [Higham, James E. S.] Univ Otago, Dept Tourism, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Higham, James E. S.] Univ Stavanger, Norwegian Sch Hotel Management, Stavanger, Norway. [Bejder, Lars; Allen, Simon J.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Vet & Life Sci, Cetacean Res Unit, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Corkeron, Peter J.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lusseau, David] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. RP Higham, JES (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Tourism, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM james.higham@otago.ac.nz RI Bejder, Lars/D-1772-2017; OI Bejder, Lars/0000-0001-8138-8606; Higham, James/0000-0003-1405-7035; Lusseau, David/0000-0003-1245-3747 NR 132 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 37 PU CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS PI CLEVEDON PA FRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL, VICTORIA ROAD, CLEVEDON, BS21 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0966-9582 EI 1747-7646 J9 J SUSTAIN TOUR JI J. Sustain. Tour. PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.1080/09669582.2015.1062020 PG 18 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA CX5SG UT WOS:000365762200005 ER PT J AU Li, K Yan, B Wang, WY Gharavi, H AF Li, Ke Yan, Bo Wang, Weiyi Gharavi, Hamid TI An Effective Video Synopsis Approach with Seam Carving SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Seam carving; video surveillance; video synopsis AB With a growth of surveillance cameras, the amount of captured videos expands. Manually analyzing and retrieving surveillance video is labor intensive and expensive. It would be much more convenient to generate a video digest, with which we can view the video in a fast and motion-preserving way. In this paper, we propose a novel video synopsis approach to generate condensed video, which uses an object tracking method for extracting important objects. This method will generate video tubes and a seam carving method to condense the original video. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve a high condensation rate while preserving all the important objects of interest. Therefore, this approach can enable users to view the surveillance video with great efficiency. C1 [Li, Ke; Yan, Bo; Wang, Weiyi] Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, K (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM byan@fudan.edu.cn; gharavi@nist.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61370158, 61522202] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61370158 and 61522202. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Joao Ascenso. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 EI 1558-2361 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1109/LSP.2015.2496558 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CW4VF UT WOS:000364994000001 ER PT J AU Burns, TJ Mates, SP Rhorer, RL Whitenton, EP Basak, D AF Burns, T. J. Mates, S. P. Rhorer, R. L. Whitenton, E. P. Basak, D. TI Inverse method for estimating shear stress in machining SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Metal cutting; Friction; Numerical and analytical modeling; Abel integral equation; AISI 1045 steel ID KOLSKY-BAR APPARATUS; TIME-RESOLVED PYROMETRY; FLOW-STRESS; RAKE FACE; DISTRIBUTIONS; METALS AB An inverse method is presented for estimating shear stress in the work material in the region of chip-tool contact along the rake face of the tool during orthogonal machining. The method is motivated by a model of heat generation in the chip, which is based on a two-zone contact model for friction along the rake face, and an estimate of the steadystate flow of heat into the cutting tool. Given an experimentally determined discrete set of steady-state temperature measurements along the rake face of the tool, it is shown how to estimate the corresponding shear stress distribution on the rake face, even when no friction model is specified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burns, T. J.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mates, S. P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhorer, R. L.; Whitenton, E. P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basak, D.] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM timothy.burns@nist.gov NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2016 VL 86 BP 220 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2015.10.008 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA CX0FL UT WOS:000365372200011 ER PT J AU Tang, F Zou, XL Yang, H Weng, FZ AF Tang, Fei Zou, Xiaolei Yang, Hu Weng, Fuzhong TI Estimation and Correction of Geolocation Errors in FengYun-3C Microwave Radiation Imager Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE FengYun (FY)-3C; geolocation error; microwave radiometer; Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) ID ACCURACY; SENSOR; SSM/I AB Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) onboard the FengYun (FY)-3C satellite provides measurements of the Earth's atmosphere and surface at 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89.0 GHz with dual polarization. While FY MWRI data have been widely distributed to the user community, their geolocation accuracy has not been documented. In this paper, the coastline inflection method is used to estimate MWRI geolocation errors. Three coastal regions where MWRI brightness temperature exhibits a large contrast are selected for the geolocation analysis. A total of 720 MWRI data points are identified that cross the coastlines. The latitudes and longitudes at these data points are compared with the fine-resolution database of the Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline (GSHHS). It is found that the mean geolocation errors in along-and cross-track directions are approximately 5-6 km at 89 GHz. This magnitude of errors is more than 30% of the field-of-view size at 89 GHz. Such a geolocation error must be corrected so that the MWRI data can be more useful for quantitative remote sensing. Thus, the mean geolocation errors are further utilized to adjust the satellite attitude angles (e.g., pitch, roll, and raw). After the attitude angle correction, the MWRI geolocation is very accurate at 89 GHz, and errors in other MWRI channels may be corrected through their co-registration relationships to the 89-GHz channel. C1 [Tang, Fei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, Xiaolei; Yang, Hu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tang, F (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xzou1@umd.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91337218]; Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest of China [GYHY201406008] FX Manuscript received February 8, 2015; revised June 2, 2015; accepted July 12, 2015. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Project 91337218 and in part by the Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest of China under Project GYHY201406008. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2458851 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW2PE UT WOS:000364833900031 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR Doviak, RJ AF Ivic, Igor R. Doviak, Richard J. TI Evaluation of Phase Coding to Mitigate Differential Reflectivity Bias in Polarimetric PAR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Phased array radar (PAR); radar polarimetry; radar signal processing; weather radar ID WEATHER RADAR; ARRAY RADAR; CROSS-POLARIZATION; SCATTERING; WSR-88D; SIGNALS; MATRIX; PLANAR AB One of the main challenges to the use of phased array radar for weather observations is the implementation of dual polarization with acceptable levels of cross-polar fields induced by the antenna. For example, to achieve acceptable differential reflectivity (Z(DR)) bias (i.e., less than 0.1 dB) using simultaneous transmission and reception of horizontally and vertically polarized waves, the isolation between coaxial cross-polar and copolar beams needs to be in excess of 50 dB. This presents a formidable challenge because sufficient isolation cannot be achieved at an affordable price by antenna hardware alone. Hence, additional approaches are required to reduce Z(DR) bias due to cross-polar fields. One such approach is pulse-to-pulse phase coding of the transmitted waves. Herein, this approach is evaluated using theoretical analysis and simulated and time series data from a weather radar. The main criteria for evaluation are the bias and standard deviation of Z(DR) estimates. The results indicate that phase coding has the capability to significantly decrease Z(DR) bias without a substantial increase in the standard deviation of estimates. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ivic, Igor R.; Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Torres for providing comments that improved this paper. I. R. Ivic would like to thank Dr. D. S. Zrnic who introduced him to the issues facing weather PPPAR and provided valuable comments and guidance that enhanced this work. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 1 BP 431 EP 451 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2459047 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CW2PE UT WOS:000364833900033 ER PT J AU Wang, H Jeong, Y Clausen, B Liu, Y McCabe, RJ Barlat, F Tome, CN AF Wang, H. Jeong, Y. Clausen, B. Liu, Y. McCabe, R. J. Barlat, F. Tome, C. N. TI Effect of martensitic phase transformation on the behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel under tension SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel; Crystal plasticity; In-situ neutron diffraction; EBSD ID POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY MODELS; ASSISTED MULTIPHASE STEELS; SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ31B; DEFORMATION; STRESS; TRIP; CRYSTALS; SHEAR AB The present work integrates in-situ neutron diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction and crystal plasticity modeling to investigate the effect of martensitic phase transformation on the behavior of 304 stainless steel under uniaxial tension. The macroscopic stress strain response, evolution of the martensitic phase fraction, texture evolution of each individual phase, and internal elastic strains were measured at room temperature and at 75 degrees C. Because no martensitic transformation was observed at 75 degrees C, the experimental results at 75 degrees C were used as a reference to quantify the effect of formed martensitic phase on the behavior of 304 stainless steel at room temperature. A crystallographic phase transformation model was implemented into an elastic-viscoplastic self-consistent framework. The phase transformation model captured the macroscopic stress strain response, plus the texture and volume fraction evolution of austenite and martensite. The model also predicts the internal elastic strain evolution with loading in the austenite, but not in the martensite. The results of this work highlight the mechanisms that control phase transformation and the sensitivity of modeling results to them, and point out to critical elements that still need to be incorporated into crystallographic phase transformation models to accurately describe the internal strain evolution during phase transformation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, H.; Clausen, B.; Liu, Y.; McCabe, R. J.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87701 USA. [Jeong, Y.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barlat, F.] POSTECH, Grad Inst Ferrous Technol, Pohang Si, South Korea. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87701 USA. EM wanghm@lanl.gov RI Jeong, Youngung/H-3732-2016; Wang, Huamiao/F-7693-2010; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; Liu, Yue/H-4071-2014; OI Jeong, Youngung/0000-0001-6496-8115; Wang, Huamiao/0000-0002-7167-2483; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Liu, Yue/0000-0001-8518-5734; McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [FWP 06SCPE401]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; POSCO FX This work is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Project FWP 06SCPE401. This work has benefited from the use of SMARTS and HIPPO at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Science Center. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. YJ and FB acknowledge POSCO for financial support and for providing the test samples. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 649 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.09.108 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CW2BP UT WOS:000364796400022 ER PT J AU Chen, B Stein, AF Castell, N Gonzalez-Castanedo, Y de la Campa, AMS de la Rosa, JD AF Chen, Bing Stein, Ariel F. Castell, Nuria Gonzalez-Castanedo, Yolanda Sanchez de la Campa, A. M. de la Rosa, J. D. TI Modeling and evaluation of urban pollution events of atmospheric heavy metals from a large Cu-smelter SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Heavy metal; Industrial emission; Particulate matter; HYSPLIT; Atmospheric model ID PARTICULATE MATTER; ROAD DUST; CONTAMINATION; CHINA; SPAIN; DISPERSION; VICINITY; HEALTH; SITES; AREAS AB Metal smelting and processing are highly polluting activities that have a strong influence on the levels of heavy metals in air, soil, and crops. We employ an atmospheric transport and dispersion model to predict the pollution levels originated from the second largest Cu-smelter in Europe. The model predicts that the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) in an urban area close to the Cu-smelter can reach 170, 70, and 30 ng m(-3), respectively. The model captures all the observed urban pollution events, but the magnitude of the elemental concentrations is predicted to be lower than that of the observed values; similar to 300, similar to 500, and similar to 100 ng m(-3) for Cu, Zn, and As, respectively. The comparison between model and observations showed an average correlation coefficient of 0.62 +/- 0.13. The simulation shows that the transport of heavy metals reaches a peak in the afternoon over the urban area. The under-prediction in the peak is explained by the simulated stronger winds compared with monitoring data. The stronger simulated winds enhance the transport and dispersion of heavy metals to the regional area, diminishing the impact of pollution events in the urban area. This model, driven by high resolution meteorology (2 km in horizontal), predicts the hourly-interval evolutions of atmospheric heavy metal pollutions in the close by urban area of industrial hotspot. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Bing] Shandong Univ, Environm Res Inst, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Chen, Bing; Gonzalez-Castanedo, Yolanda; Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; de la Rosa, J. D.] Univ Huelva, Associate Unit CSIC Univ Huelva Atmospher Pollut, E-21071 Huelva, Spain. [Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Castell, Nuria] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. [Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.] Univ Huelva, ETSI, Dept Min Mech & Energet Engn, E-21819 La Rabida, Spain. [de la Rosa, J. D.] Agrifood Campus Int Excellence CEIA3, Cadiz, Spain. [de la Rosa, J. D.] Campus Int Excellence Sea CEIMAR, Cadiz, Spain. RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ariel.stein@noaa.gov RI sdu, eri/O-2991-2015; SDU, Environ Res/P-4462-2015; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011; OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754; Chen, Bing/0000-0002-1556-9705 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2011-28025, CGL2014-54637-P]; Autonomous Government of Andalusia [2011 RNM 7800]; Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University [2014QY001]; Young Scholars Program of Shandong University [2015WLJH37] FX This research was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2011-28025 and CGL2014-54637-P), Autonomous Government of Andalusia (Project 2011 RNM 7800), The Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (2014QY001), and Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (2015WLJH37). The NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) provides the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 539 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.117 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CV4PA UT WOS:000364247800003 PM 26352643 ER PT J AU Timko, MT Wang, JA Burgess, J Kracke, P Gonzalez, L Jaye, C Fischer, DA AF Timko, Michael T. Wang, Jin An Burgess, James Kracke, Peter Gonzalez, Lino Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. TI Roles of surface chemistry and structural defects of activated carbons in the oxidative desulfurization of benzothiophenes SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Activated carbon; Oxidative desulfurization; Surface acidity; Structural defects; Spectroscopic characterization; Jet fuel ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ULTRA-DEEP DESULFURIZATION; DIESEL FUEL; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; JET FUEL; SELECTIVE ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS AB A range of different activated carbons was characterized and evaluated for promotion of the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of JP-8 fuel using H2O2 oxidant and acetic acid. Wood-based carbons activated by acid treatment showed much higher effectiveness than all other carbon types, regardless of source or activation method. Under identical test conditions designed to differentiate material performance, the most effective carbon material yielded 69% oxidation of 2,3-dimethylbenzothiophene (2,3-DMBT) whereas the ineffective materials scarcely out-performed the control (10% oxidation). To understand the characteristics most associated with reaction promotion, the textural, chemical, and defect features of the carbon materials were examined using a battery of techniques. The effective promoters all shared in common high surface areas and high pore volumes; however, surface area and pore volume alone could not explain the observed trends in performance. Investigating surface chemistry, presence of strong acid sites was strongly related to ODS performance. Overall, long-range order was not required for high activity, yet neither were edge defect sites. These results suggest that carbon promotes ODS by formation of percarboxylic acid species at defect sites within the carbon basal planes. Post-reaction analysis of the carbon materials provided evidence to support this explanation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Timko, Michael T.; Wang, Jin An] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Wang, Jin An] Inst Politecn Nacl, ESIQIE, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Burgess, James] Bruker Opt Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Kracke, Peter; Gonzalez, Lino] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerothermodynam, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Timko, MT (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. FU DoD (Army Research Office) [W911NF-07-C-0068, W911NF-08-C-0063]; CONACYT - Mexico FX The authors thank the DoD (Army Research Office) for support (contracts # W911NF-07-C-0068 and W911NF-08-C-0063). Peter Fedkiw (ARO and North Carolina State University) and Robert Mantz (ARO) provided technical guidance to define program goals. Robert Allen of the Air Force Fuels Laboratory provided a sample of JP-8 used for desulfurization experiments. J.A. Wang thanks CONACYT - Mexico for providing financial support for his sabbatical year at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 163 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.075 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CU4CV UT WOS:000363475000028 ER PT J AU Bikos, D Finch, J Case, JL AF Bikos, Dan Finch, Jonathan Case, Jonathan L. TI The environment associated with significant tornadoes in Bangladesh SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tornado; Bangladesh; Thunderstorms; Severe local storms; Simulation; Dryline ID FORECAST PARAMETERS; CLIMATOLOGY; SUPERCELL; INTENSITY; EVENTS; MOTION; STORMS; MODEL AB This paper investigates the environmental parameters favoring significant tornadoes in Bangladesh through a simulation of ten high-impact events. A climatological perspective is first presented on classifying significant tornadoes in Bangladesh, noting the challenges since reports of tornadoes are not documented in a formal manner. The statistical relationship between United States and Bangladesh tornado-related deaths suggests that significant tornadoes do occur in Bangladesh so this paper identifies the most significant tornadic events and analyzes the environmental conditions associated with these events. Given the scarcity of observational data to assess the near-storm environment in this region, high-resolution (3-km horizontal grid spacing) numerical weather prediction simulations are performed for events identified to be associated with a significant tornado. In comparison to similar events over the United States, significant tornado environments in Bangladesh are characterized by relatively high convective available potential energy, sufficient deep-layer vertical shear, and a propensity for deviant (i.e., well to the right of the mean flow) storm motion along a low-level convergence boundary. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bikos, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Finch, Jonathan] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Forecast Off, Dodge City, KS USA. [Case, Jonathan L.] ENSCO Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Bikos, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Team, 1375 Campus Delivery,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Dan.Bikos@colostate.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 167 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.08.002 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2CJ UT WOS:000362609300015 ER PT J AU Zheng, D MacGorman, DR AF Zheng, Dong MacGorman, Donald R. TI Characteristics of flash initiations in a supercell cluster with tornadoes SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Flash initiation; Supercell; Hydrometeor species; Tornado ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR OBSERVATIONS; LIGHTNING DETECTION NETWORK; THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURE; CONVECTIVE STORMS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DOPPLER RADAR; MAPPING ARRAY AB Flash initiations within a supercell cluster during 10-11 May 2010 in Oklahoma were investigated based on observations from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array and the Norman, Oklahoma, polarimetric radar (KOUN). The flash initiations at positions dominated by graupel, dry snow, small hail and crystals accounted for 44.3%, 44.1%, 8.0% and 3.0% of the total flashes, respectively. During the tornadic stage of the southern supercell in the cluster, flash initiations associated with graupel occupied the main body, the right flank and the forward flank of the supercell, while those associated with dry snow dominated the outskirts of the adjacent forward anvil, right anvil and rear anvil. The flash initiations associated with small hail were concentrated around the main updraft, particularly toward its front side. Highly dense flash initiations were located in the regions overlying the differential reflectivity (Z(DR)) arc and right anvil. The average initial height of the flashes decreased gradually from the rear to the front and from the right to the left flanks, while the height range over which initiations occurred reached a maximum at the front of the updraft. The flashes that were initiated in the adjacent forward anvils were largest on average, followed by those in the regions ahead of the updraft and near the Z(DR) arc. This study supports the concept of charge pockets and further deduces that the pockets in the right anvil are the most abundant and compact due to the frequent flash initiations, small-sized flashes and thin layers including flash initiations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Dong] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Dong] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Lab Lightning Phys & Protect Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [MacGorman, Donald R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Zheng, D (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, 46 Zhongguancun South St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhd@cams.cma.gov.cn OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU 973 Program [2014CB441402, 2014CB441406]; Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2013Z006, 2014R017]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41005006] FX This research was supported by the 973 Program (2014CB441402, 2014CB441406), the Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (2013Z006, 2014R017), and the Natural Science Foundation of China (41005006). NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2016 VL 167 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.08.015 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT2CJ UT WOS:000362609300021 ER PT J AU Ayzner, AL Mei, JG Appleton, A DeLongchamp, D Nardes, A Benight, S Kopidakis, N Toney, MF Bao, ZN AF Ayzner, Alexander L. Mei, Jianguo Appleton, Anthony DeLongchamp, Dean Nardes, Alexandre Benight, Stephanie Kopidakis, Nikos Toney, Michael F. Bao, Zhenan TI Impact of the Crystallite Orientation Distribution on Exciton Transport in Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE exciton diffusion; conjugated polymer; texture; crystallographic orientation; fluorescence quenching ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; DIFFUSION LENGTH; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; FULLERENE ACCEPTORS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SIDE-CHAINS; THIN-FILMS; HETEROJUNCTION; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE) AB Conjugated polymers are widely used materials in organic photovoltaic devices. Owing to their extended electronic wave functions, they often form semicrystalline thin films. In this work, we aim to understand whether distribution of crystallographic orientations affects exciton diffusion using a low-band-gap polymer backbone motif that is representative of the donor/acceptor copolymer class. Using the fact that the polymer side chain can tune the dominant crystallographic orientation in the thin film, we have measured the quenching of polymer photoluminescence, and thus the extent of exciton dissociation, as a function of crystal orientation with respect to a quenching substrate. We find that the crystallite orientation distribution has little effect on the average exciton diffusion length. We suggest several possibilities for the lack of correlation between crystallographic texture and exciton transport in semicrystalline conjugated polymer films. C1 [Ayzner, Alexander L.; Mei, Jianguo; Appleton, Anthony; Benight, Stephanie; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ayzner, Alexander L.; Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nardes, Alexandre; Kopidakis, Nikos] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Toney, MF (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mftoney@slac.stanford.edu; zbao@stanford.edu RI mei, jianguo/C-6711-2011; OI mei, jianguo/0000-0002-5743-2715; Ayzner, Alexander/0000-0002-6549-4721 FU Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics [KUS-C1-015-21]; Global Climate and Energy Program at Stanford; Energy Frontier Research Center "Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEMs)" - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001342:001] FX We thank the Bent group at Stanford University for help with ALD preparation of titania films. This work was partially supported by the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics, Award No. KUS-C1-015-21, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. We also acknowledge support from the Global Climate and Energy Program at Stanford. GIXD measurements were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. N.K. and A.M.N. acknowledge funding from the Energy Frontier Research Center "Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEMs)" funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract Number DE-SC0001342:001. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 51 BP 28035 EP 28041 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b02968 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DC8CT UT WOS:000369448200008 PM 26292836 ER PT J AU Strayer, ME Senftle, TP Winterstein, JP Vargas-Barbosa, NM Sharma, R Rioux, RM Janik, MJ Mallouk, TE AF Strayer, Megan E. Senftle, Thomas P. Winterstein, Jonathan P. Vargas-Barbosa, Nella M. Sharma, Renu Rioux, Robert M. Janik, Michael J. Mallouk, Thomas E. TI Charge Transfer Stabilization of Late Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on a Layered Niobate Support SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; RHODIUM HYDROXIDE NANOPARTICLES; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ULTRATHIN FILMS; SURFACE SCIENCE; CO OXIDATION; SIZE; CATALYSIS; GOLD AB Interfacial interactions between late transition metal/metal oxide nanoparticles and oxide supports impact catalytic activity and stability. Here, we report the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), electron microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) to explore periodic trends in the heats of nanoparticle-support interactions for late transition metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on layered niobate and silicate supports. Data for Co(OH)(2), hydroxyiridate-capped IrOx center dot nH(2)O, Ni(OH)(2), CuO, and Ag2O nanoparticles were added to previously reported data for Rh(OH)3 grown on nanosheets of TBA(0.24)H(0.76)Ca(2)Nb(3)O(10) and a layered silicate. ITC measurements showed stronger bonding energies in the order Ag < Cu approximate to Ni approximate to Co < Rh < Ir on the niobate support, as expected from trends in M-O bond energies. Nanoparticles with exothermic heats of interaction were stabilized against sintering. In contrast, ITC measurements showed endothermic interactions of Cu, Ni, and Rh oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles with the silicate and poor resistance to sintering. These trends in interfacial energies were corroborated by DFT calculations using single-atom and four-atom cluster models of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Density of states and charge density difference calculations reveal that strongly bonded metals (Rh, Ir) transfer d-electron density from the adsorbed cluster to niobium atoms in the support; this mixing is absent in weakly binding metals, such as Ag and Au, and in all metals on the layered silicate support. The large differences between the behavior of nanoparticles on niobate and silicate supports highlight the importance of d-orbital interactions between the nanoparticle and support in controlling the nanoparticles' stability. C1 [Strayer, Megan E.; Vargas-Barbosa, Nella M.; Rioux, Robert M.; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Phys & Biochem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Strayer, Megan E.; Vargas-Barbosa, Nella M.; Rioux, Robert M.; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Senftle, Thomas P.; Rioux, Robert M.; Janik, Michael J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Winterstein, Jonathan P.; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Janik, MJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mjanik@engr.psu.edu; tem5@psu.edu RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012; OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208; Senftle, Thomas/0000-0002-5889-5009 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1306938, DGE-1255832, CBET-1032979]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Sciences Program [DE-FG02-12ER16364]; Pennsylvania State University College of Engineering Instrumentation Grant Program FX We thank Nicholas McCool for assistance with obtaining ambient temperature TEM images and helpful discussions, and Nicholas Sturgis for helpful ITC discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR-1306938. MES and NMVB acknowledge National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship grant DGE-1255832. TPS and ME acknowledge support from National Science Foundation grant CBET-1032979. RMR acknowledges funding from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Sciences Program, under grant number DE-FG02-12ER16364. Additionally, RMR acknowledges funding from the Pennsylvania State University College of Engineering Instrumentation Grant Program for the purchase of a TA Instruments NanoITC.48 NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 39 U2 120 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 30 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 51 BP 16216 EP 16224 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b11230 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DA2OV UT WOS:000367636600036 PM 26651875 ER PT J AU Davis, RD Lance, S Gordon, JA Ushijima, SB Tolbert, MA AF Davis, Ryan D. Lance, Sara Gordon, Joshua A. Ushijima, Shuichi B. Tolbert, Margaret A. TI Contact efflorescence as a pathway for crystallization of atmospherically relevant particles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE efflorescence; coagulation; aerosol; climate; air quality ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SEA-SALT; NUCLEATION; CLIMATE; WATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROPHYSICS; COAGULATION AB Inadequate knowledge of the phase state of atmospheric particles represents a source of uncertainty in global climate and air quality models. Hygroscopic aqueous inorganic particles are often assumed to remain liquid throughout their atmospheric lifetime or only (re) crystallize at low relative humidity (RH) due to the kinetic limitations of efflorescence (salt crystal nucleation and growth from an aqueous solution). Here we present experimental observations of a previously unexplored heterogeneous nucleation pathway that we have termed "contact efflorescence," which describes efflorescence initiated by an externally located solid particle coming into contact with the surface of a metastable aqueous microdroplet. This study demonstrates that upon a single collision, contact efflorescence is a pathway for crystallization of atmospherically relevant aqueous particles at high ambient RH (<= 80%). Soluble inorganic crystalline particles were used as contact nuclei to induce efflorescence of aqueous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)(2)SO4], sodium chloride (NaCl), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), with efflorescence being observed in several cases close to their deliquescence RH values (80%, 75%, and 62%, respectively). To our knowledge, these observations represent the highest reported efflorescence RH values for microdroplets of these salts. These results are particularly important for considering the phase state of NH4NO3, where the contact efflorescence RH (similar to 20-60%) is in stark contrast to the observation that NH4NO3 microdroplets do not homogeneously effloresce, even when exposed to extremely arid conditions (<1% RH). Considering the occurrence of particle collisions in the atmosphere (i.e., coagulation), these observations of contact efflorescence challenge many assumptions made about the phase state of inorganic aerosol. C1 [Davis, Ryan D.; Lance, Sara; Ushijima, Shuichi B.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Ryan D.; Ushijima, Shuichi B.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gordon, Joshua A.] NIST, Commun Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ryan.Davis-1@colorado.edu; tolbert@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS1506691]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX13AN69H] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant AGS1506691). R.D.D. acknowledges a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX13AN69H). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 29 PY 2015 VL 112 IS 52 BP 15815 EP 15820 DI 10.1073/pnas.1522860113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CZ6TU UT WOS:000367234700038 PM 26668396 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, CM Sharma, S Gray, DK Hampton, SE Read, JS Rowley, RJ Schneider, P Lenters, JD McIntyre, PB Kraemer, BM Weyhenmeyer, GA Straile, D Dong, B Adrian, R Allan, MG Anneville, O Arvola, L Austin, J Bailey, JL Baron, JS Brookes, JD de Eyto, E Dokulil, MT Hamilton, DP Havens, K Hetherington, AL Higgins, SN Hook, S Izmest'eva, LR Joehnk, KD Kangur, K Kasprzak, P Kumagai, M Kuusisto, E Leshkevich, G Livingstone, DM MacIntyre, S May, L Melack, JM Mueller-Navarra, DC Naumenko, M Noges, P Noges, T North, RP Plisnier, PD Rigosi, A Rimmer, A Rogora, M Rudstam, LG Rusak, JA Salmaso, N Samal, NR Schindler, DE Schladow, SG Schmid, M Schmidt, SR Silow, E Soylu, ME Teubner, K Verburg, P Voutilainen, A Watkinson, A Williamson, CE Zhang, GQ AF O'Reilly, Catherine M. Sharma, Sapna Gray, Derek K. Hampton, Stephanie E. Read, Jordan S. Rowley, Rex J. Schneider, Philipp Lenters, John D. McIntyre, Peter B. Kraemer, Benjamin M. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Straile, Dietmar Dong, Bo Adrian, Rita Allan, Mathew G. Anneville, Orlane Arvola, Lauri Austin, Jay Bailey, John L. Baron, Jill S. Brookes, Justin D. de Eyto, Elvira Dokulil, Martin T. Hamilton, David P. Havens, Karl Hetherington, Amy L. Higgins, Scott N. Hook, Simon Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Joehnk, Klaus D. Kangur, Kulli Kasprzak, Peter Kumagai, Michio Kuusisto, Esko Leshkevich, George Livingstone, David M. MacIntyre, Sally May, Linda Melack, John M. Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C. Naumenko, Mikhail Noges, Peeter Noges, Tiina North, Ryan P. Plisnier, Pierre-Denis Rigosi, Anna Rimmer, Alon Rogora, Michela Rudstam, Lars G. Rusak, James A. Salmaso, Nico Samal, Nihar R. Schindler, Daniel E. Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Martin Schmidt, Silke R. Silow, Eugene Soylu, M. Evren Teubner, Katrin Verburg, Piet Voutilainen, Ari Watkinson, Andrew Williamson, Craig E. Zhang, Guoqing TI Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lakes; climate change; temperature ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL ASSOCIATION; REGRESSION TREES; STATISTICS; TRENDS; MULTIPLE; BLOOMS AB In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean=0.34 degrees C decade(-1)) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factorsfrom seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72 degrees C decade(-1)) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53 degrees C decade(-1)). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes. C1 [O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Rowley, Rex J.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Gray, Derek K.] Calif Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, California, PA USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Environm Res Educ & Outreach, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Read, Jordan S.] US Geol Survey, Ctr Integrated Data Analyt, Middleton, WI USA. [Schneider, Philipp] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Lenters, John D.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [McIntyre, Peter B.; Kraemer, Benjamin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany. [Dong, Bo] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Adrian, Rita; Schmidt, Silke R.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Ecosyst Res, Berlin, Germany. [Allan, Mathew G.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Anneville, Orlane] Natl Inst Agr Res, UMR Ctr Alpin Rech Reseaux Troph Ecosyst Limn, Thonon Les Bains, France. [Arvola, Lauri] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Lammi, Finland. [Austin, Jay] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Bailey, John L.] Laurentian Univ Sudbury, Cooperat Freshwater Ecol Unit, Minist Environm & Climate Change, Sudbury, ON, Canada. [Baron, Jill S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brookes, Justin D.; Rigosi, Anna] Univ Adelaide, Inst Environm, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Water Res Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [de Eyto, Elvira] Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Inst Marine, Furnace, Newport, Ireland. [Dokulil, Martin T.] Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnol, Mondsee, Austria. [Hamilton, David P.] Univ Waikato, Environm Res Inst, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Havens, Karl] Univ Florida, 2Florida Sea Grant & UF IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hetherington, Amy L.; Rudstam, Lars G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Higgins, Scott N.] Int Inst Sustainable Dev Expt Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Hook, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.; Silow, Eugene] Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Joehnk, Klaus D.] CSIRO, Land & Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kangur, Kulli] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia. [Kasprzak, Peter] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Dept Expt Limnol, Berlin, Germany. [Kumagai, Michio] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kusatsu, Japan. [Kuusisto, Esko] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [May, Linda] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Bush Estate, Midlothian, Scotland. [Melack, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mueller-Navarra, Doerthe C.] Univ Hamburg, Dept Biol, Hamburg, Germany. [Naumenko, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Limnol Inst, Hydrol Lab, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Noges, Peeter; Noges, Tiina] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Ctr Limnol, Tartu, Estonia. [North, Ryan P.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Plisnier, Pierre-Denis] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Dept Earth Sci, Tervuren, Belgium. [Rimmer, Alon] Kinneret Limnol Lab, Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Migdal, Israel. [Rogora, Michela] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Study, Verbania, Italy. [Rusak, James A.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada. [Salmaso, Nico] Ist Agr S Michele Adige Fdn E Mach, IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Trento, Trento, Italy. [Samal, Nihar R.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Samal, Nihar R.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmid, Martin] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Surface Waters Res & Management, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [Soylu, M. Evren] Meliksah Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kayseri, Turkey. [Teubner, Katrin] Univ Vienna, Fac Life Sci, Dept Limnol & Biol Oceanog, Vienna, Austria. [Verburg, Piet] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Voutilainen, Ari] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Kuopio, Finland. [Watkinson, Andrew] Seqwater, Ipswich, Qld, Australia. [Williamson, Craig E.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Zhang, Guoqing] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP O'Reilly, CM (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. EM oreilly@ilstu.edu RI Hook, Simon/D-5920-2016; ROGORA, MICHELA/B-9237-2008; Schmid, Martin/C-3953-2009; Johnk, Klaus/B-3382-2008; Higgins, Scott/F-5700-2016; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; May, Linda/D-7943-2011; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Straile, Dietmar/0000-0002-7441-8552; Zhang, Guoqing/0000-0003-2090-2813; Hook, Simon/0000-0002-0953-6165; ROGORA, MICHELA/0000-0003-3515-0220; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249; Schmid, Martin/0000-0001-8699-5691; Johnk, Klaus/0000-0002-5972-4201; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU NASA Earth Science Division ROSES INCA; Science of Terra program; Aqua program; NASA ROSES [E.2]; NSF [1147666, 1136637, 1030242, 1128040, 1204267]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch [0226747]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT21-2]; University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research [CRN3038]; German Research Foundation DFG [STR 499/6-1]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science research project [GR 01201461929]; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX Data used in this study are available in Sharma et al. [2013]. Funding in support of this work came from the following sources: NASA Earth Science Division ROSES INCA and Science of Terra and Aqua programs and NASA ROSES E.2; NSF awards 1147666, 1136637, 1030242, 1128040, and 1204267; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch 0226747; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research IUT21-2; University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research CRN3038; German Research Foundation DFG STR 499/6-1; Russian Ministry of Education and Science research project GR 01201461929, Russian Science Foundation Project 14-14-00400; and The David and Lucille Packard Foundation. We thank M. Moore and T. Kratz for support in developing this initiative, N. Barabas and D. Lofton for discussion, N. Keuler for help with statistical analyses, and K. Woo for technical assistance. D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, C.M. O'Reilly, and S. Sharma conceived the idea for this paper and co-led this project. D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, B.M. Kraemer, P.B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J.S. Read, R.J. Rowley, S. Sharma, D. Straile, and G.A. Weyhenmeyer conducted analyses incorporated into this paper. D. K. Gray, B.M. Kraemer, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, R.J. Rowley, and S. Sharma drafted figures, tables, and headings for this paper. B. Dong, D. K. Gray, S.E. Hampton, B. M. Kraemer, P.B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, R.J. Rowley, P. Schneider, and S. Sharma wrote sections of the text for this paper. All authors provided critical feedback, edits, and/or commented on drafts of this paper. J. D. Brookes, D. P. Hamilton, S. Hook, J. D. Lenters, D. Livingstone, P. B. McIntyre, C. M. O'Reilly, J. S. Read, and P. Schneider played important roles in the early development of the Global Lake Temperature Collaboration. NR 49 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 36 U2 95 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10773 EP 10781 DI 10.1002/2015GL066235 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700008 ER PT J AU Kaser, L Karl, T Yuan, B Mauldin, RL Cantrell, CA Guenther, AB Patton, EG Weinheimer, AJ Knote, C Orlando, J Emmons, L Apel, E Hornbrook, R Shertz, S Ullmann, K Hall, S Graus, M de Gouw, J Zhou, X Ye, C AF Kaser, L. Karl, T. Yuan, B. Mauldin, R. L., III Cantrell, C. A. Guenther, A. B. Patton, E. G. Weinheimer, A. J. Knote, C. Orlando, J. Emmons, L. Apel, E. Hornbrook, R. Shertz, S. Ullmann, K. Hall, S. Graus, M. de Gouw, J. Zhou, X. Ye, C. TI Chemistry-turbulence interactions and mesoscale variability influence the cleansing efficiency of the atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydroxyl radical; isoprene; turbulence; fluxes ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ISOPRENE OXIDATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; FIELD CAMPAIGN; MODEL; SCALARS; OZONE; HO2; OH AB The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the most important oxidant in the atmosphere and the primary sink for isoprene, the dominant volatile organic compound emitted by vegetation. Recent research on the atmospheric oxidation capacity in isoprene-dominated environments has suggested missing radical sources leading to significant overestimation of the lifetime of isoprene. Here we report, for the first time, a comprehensive experimental budget of isoprene in the planetary boundary layer based on airborne flux measurements along with in situ OH observations in the Southeast and Central U.S. Our findings show that surface heterogeneity of isoprene emissions lead to a physical separation of isoprene and OH resulting in an effective slowdown in the chemistry. Depending on surface heterogeneity, the intensity of segregation (I-s) could locally slow down isoprene chemistry up to 30%. The effect of segregated reactants in the planetary boundary layer on average has an influence on modeled OH radicals that is comparable to that of recently proposed radical recycling mechanisms. C1 [Kaser, L.; Patton, E. G.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Knote, C.; Orlando, J.; Emmons, L.; Apel, E.; Hornbrook, R.; Shertz, S.; Ullmann, K.; Hall, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Karl, T.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Yuan, B.; Graus, M.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, B.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Mauldin, R. L., III; Cantrell, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mauldin, R. L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Guenther, A. B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhou, X.; Ye, C.] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Karl, T (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Atmospher & Cryospher Sci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM thomas.Karl@uibk.ac.at RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Knote, Christoph/A-9809-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Knote, Christoph/0000-0001-9105-9179; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Patton, Edward/0000-0001-5431-9541 FU National Science Foundation; EC [334084]; NSF [1216743] FX We thank the NCAR EOL flight crew and the NOMADSS science team for excellent mission support. We are grateful to T. Campos for collecting and supplying CO and methane data. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Cooperation for Atmospheric Research and is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Data are provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. T.K. was also supported by the EC Seventh Framework Program (Marie Curie Reintegration Program, "ALP-AIR", grant 334084). C.A.C. and R.L.M. were supported by NSF grant 1216743. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 24 BP 10894 EP 10903 DI 10.1002/2015GL066641 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DC0WX UT WOS:000368939700006 ER PT J AU Roy, T Kundu, S Chand, M Vadiraj, AM Ranadive, A Nehra, N Patankar, MP Aumentado, J Clerk, AA Vijay, R AF Roy, Tanay Kundu, Suman Chand, Madhavi Vadiraj, A. M. Ranadive, A. Nehra, N. Patankar, Meghan P. Aumentado, J. Clerk, A. A. Vijay, R. TI Broadband parametric amplification with impedance engineering: Beyond the gain-bandwidth product SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; NOISE; BIT AB We present an impedance engineered Josephson parametric amplifier capable of providing bandwidth beyond the traditional gain-bandwidth product. We achieve this by introducing a positive linear slope in the imaginary component of the input impedance seen by the Josephson oscillator using a lambda/2 transformer. Our theoretical model predicts an extremely flat gain profile with a bandwidth enhancement proportional to the square root of amplitude gain. We experimentally demonstrate a nearly flat 20 dB gain over a 640MHz band, along with a mean 1-dB compression point of -110 dBm and near quantum-limited noise. The results are in a good agreement with our theoretical model. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Roy, Tanay; Kundu, Suman; Chand, Madhavi; Vadiraj, A. M.; Ranadive, A.; Nehra, N.; Patankar, Meghan P.; Vijay, R.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Aumentado, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clerk, A. A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Vadiraj, AM (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp & Elect, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM r.vijay@tifr.res.in RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 FU Department of Atomic Energy of Government of India; Department of Science and Technology, India via the Ramanujan Fellowship; Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0078] FX This work was supported by the Department of Atomic Energy of Government of India. R.V. acknowledges funding from the Department of Science and Technology, India via the Ramanujan Fellowship. We also acknowledge the TIFR Nanofabrication facility. A.C. acknowledges support from the Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-14-1-0078. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 26 AR 262601 DI 10.1063/1.4939148 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DB3VY UT WOS:000368442300027 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Hayashi, Y Silverman, KL Feldman, A Harvey, T Mirin, RP Schibli, TR AF Lee, C. -C. Hayashi, Y. Silverman, K. L. Feldman, A. Harvey, T. Mirin, R. P. Schibli, T. R. TI Monolithic device for modelocking and stabilization of frequency combs SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MODULATOR; GRAPHENE; LASER; BANDWIDTH AB We demonstrate a device that integrates a III-V semiconductor saturable absorber mirror with a graphene electro-optic modulator, which provides a monolithic solution to modelocking and noise suppression in a frequency comb. The device offers a pure loss modulation bandwidth exceeding 5 MHz and only requires a low voltage driver. This hybrid device provides not only compactness and simplicity in laser cavity design, but also small insertion loss, compared to the previous metallic-mirror-based modulators. We believe this work paves the way to portable and fieldable phase-coherent frequency combs. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, C. -C.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayashi, Y.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. [Silverman, K. L.; Feldman, A.; Harvey, T.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chienchung.lee@colorado.edu FU DARPA PULSE program; AMRDEC [W31P4Q-14-1-0001]; NSF Early Career Award [1253044]; NSF [ECCS-0335765] FX We thank Dr. Tomoko Borsa for her help with the SEM. This work was supported by the DARPA PULSE program with a grant from AMRDEC(W31P4Q-14-1-0001), by the NSF Early Career Award(1253044), and by the NSF under Grant No. ECCS-0335765. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 26 BP 33038 EP 33043 DI 10.1364/OE.23.033038 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA DA7SO UT WOS:000368004600019 PM 26831973 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Korzh, B Bussieres, F Horansky, RD Dyer, SD Lita, AE Vayshenker, I Marsili, F Shaw, MD Zbinden, H Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Korzh, B. Bussieres, F. Horansky, R. D. Dyer, S. D. Lita, A. E. Vayshenker, I. Marsili, F. Shaw, M. D. Zbinden, H. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI High-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors fabricated from MoSi thin-films SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TIME AB We report on MoSi SNSPDs which achieved high system detection efficiency (87.1 +/- 0.5% at 1542 nm) at 0.7 K and we demonstrate that these detectors can also be operated with saturated internal efficiency at a temperature of 2.3 K in a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. We measured a minimum system jitter of 76 ps, maximum count rate approaching 10 MHz, and polarization dependence as low as 3.3 +/- 0.1%. The performance of MoSi SNSPDs at 2.3 K is similar to the performance of WSi SNSPDs at < 1 K. The higher operating temperature of MoSi SNSPDs makes these devices promising for widespread use due to the simpler and less expensive cryogenics required for their operation. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R. D.; Dyer, S. D.; Lita, A. E.; Vayshenker, I.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Korzh, B.; Bussieres, F.; Zbinden, H.] Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Marsili, F.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov RI Bussieres, Felix/E-5384-2011 OI Bussieres, Felix/0000-0003-0234-175X FU DARPA InPho program; QUINESS program; Swiss NCCR Quantum Science in Technology project FX We acknowledge Claudio Barreiro for useful discussions, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS) for the calibration of the power meters. NIST funding provided by the DARPA InPho and QUINESS programs. Part of the work was funded by the Swiss NCCR Quantum Science in Technology project. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 26 BP 33792 EP 33801 DI 10.1364/OE.23.033792 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA DA7SO UT WOS:000368004600086 PM 26832040 ER PT J AU Flagg, EB Solomon, GS AF Flagg, Edward B. Solomon, Glenn S. TI Optical spin readout method in a quantum dot using the ac Stark effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; DRIVEN; EXCITONS; SPECTRA; FIELDS; CAVITY; ATOMS AB We propose a method to read out the spin state of an electron in a quantum dot in a Voigt geometry magnetic field using cycling transitions induced by the ac Stark effect. We show that cycling transitions can be made possible by a red-detuned, circularly polarized cw laser, which modifies the spin eigenstates and polarization selection rules via the ac Stark effect. A Floquet-Liouville supermatrix approach is used to calculate the time evolution of the density matrix under the experimental conditions of a spin readout operation. With an overall detection efficiency of 2.5%, the readout is a single-shot measurement with a fidelity of 76.2%. C1 [Flagg, Edward B.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Flagg, EB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM edward.flagg@mail.wvu.edu FU PFC@JQI FX The authors wish to acknowledge helpful discussions with J. M. Taylor and A. Tudorascu. G.S.S. acknowledges partial support from the PFC@JQI. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 24 AR 245309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.245309 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CZ8WD UT WOS:000367378900014 ER PT J AU Schneeloch, JA Xu, ZJ Winn, B Stock, C Gehring, PM Birgeneau, RJ Xu, GY AF Schneeloch, John A. Xu, Zhijun Winn, B. Stock, C. Gehring, P. M. Birgeneau, R. J. Xu, Guangyong TI Phonon coupling to dynamic short-range polar order in a relaxor ferroelectric near the morphotropic phase boundary SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3; TRANSITIONS; FREQUENCIES; ANOMALIES; SYSTEMS AB We report neutron inelastic scattering experiments on single-crystal PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 doped with 32% PbTiO3, a relaxor ferroelectric that lies close to the morphotropic phase boundary. When cooled under an electric field E parallel to [001] into tetragonal and monoclinic phases, the scattering cross section from transverse acoustic (TA) phonons polarized parallel to E weakens and shifts to higher energy relative to that under zero-field-cooled conditions. Likewise, the scattering cross section from transverse optic (TO) phonons polarized parallel to E weakens for energy transfers 4 <= (h) over bar omega <= 9 meV. However, TA and TO phonons polarized perpendicular to E show no change. This anisotropic field response is similar to that of the diffuse scattering cross section, which, as previously reported, is suppressed when polarized parallel to E but not when polarized perpendicular to E. Our findings suggest that the lattice dynamics and dynamic short-range polar correlations that give rise to the diffuse scattering are coupled. C1 [Schneeloch, John A.; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schneeloch, John A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Xu, Zhijun; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Zhijun; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Winn, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stock, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gehring, P. M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schneeloch, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jschneeloch@bnl.gov RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-SC00112704, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; Royal Society FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. J.A.S. and G.Y.X. acknowledge support by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-SC00112704. Z.J.X. and R.J.B. are also supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, through Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. C.S. acknowledges the support of the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland and the Royal Society. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 28 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 21 AR 214302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.214302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CZ8UI UT WOS:000367374200005 ER PT J AU Sowards, JW Gnaupel-Herold, T McColskey, JD Pereira, VF Ramirez, AJ AF Sowards, Jeffrey W. Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas McColskey, J. David Pereira, Victor F. Ramirez, Antonio J. TI Characterization of mechanical properties, fatigue-crack propagation, and residual stresses in a microalloyed pipeline-steel friction-stir weld SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Fatigue crack propagation; Friction-stir welding; Mechanical properties; Neutron diffraction; Pipeline steel; Residual stress ID CARBON-STEELS; DH36 STEEL; GROWTH; JOINTS; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; ALLOYS; ZONE AB The influence of the friction-stir welding process on microstructure and mechanical properties of API 5L X80 skelp was investigated. Friction-stir welds were produced using welding parameters optimized to promote weld toughness. The solid-state welding process produced microstructures that significantly varied from those observed in the base metal, namely the redistribution and resizing of Martensite-Austenite constituent in the heat-affected zone and stir zone regions of the welds. Mechanical properties of the welds and base metal were evaluated with uniaxial tension testing and microhardness testing revealing overmatching welds and a hard zone within the weld stir zone. Residual stresses were determined in several directions with respect to the joint revealing that stress in the longitudinal direction is highest, yet well below material yield strength. Fatigue-crack propagation behavior was characterized in the different weld regions and base metal by testing with the compact tension specimen configuration showing that welds have impeded fatigue-crack growth compared to the base metal mostly due to welding-induced residual stress fields interacting with the crack. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sowards, Jeffrey W.; McColskey, J. David] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pereira, Victor F.; Ramirez, Antonio J.] Brazilian Nanotechnol Natl Lab, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Sowards, JW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-1275 EI 1873-4197 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD DEC 25 PY 2015 VL 88 BP 632 EP 642 DI 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.049 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CV4SR UT WOS:000364257300076 ER PT J AU Xie, T Sullivan, N Steffens, K Wen, BM Liu, GN Debnath, R Davydov, A Gomez, R Motayed, A AF Xie, Ting Sullivan, Nichole Steffens, Kristen Wen, Baomei Liu, Guannan Debnath, Ratan Davydov, Albert Gomez, Romel Motayed, Abhishek TI UV-assisted room-temperature chemiresistive NO2 sensor based on TiO2 thin film SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE TiO2 thin film; Gas sensor ID GAS SENSOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SENSING PROPERTIES; OXIDE; TIO2(110); DIOXIDE; SNO2; ADSORPTION; TITANIA; SURFACE AB TiO2 thin film based, chemiresistive sensors for NO2 gas which operate at room temperature under ultraviolet (UV) illumination have been demonstrated in this work. The rf-sputter deposited and post-annealed TiO2 thin films have been characterized by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to obtain surface morphology, chemical state, and crystal structure, respectively. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and Tauc plots show the optical properties of the TiO2 films. Under UV illumination, the NO2 sensing performance of the TiO2 films shows a reversible change in resistance at room-temperature. The observed change in electrical resistivity can be explained by the modulation of surface-adsorbed oxygen. This work is the first demonstration of a facile TiO2 sensor for NO2 analyte that operates at room-temperature under UV illumination. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xie, Ting; Steffens, Kristen; Wen, Baomei; Liu, Guannan; Debnath, Ratan; Davydov, Albert; Motayed, Abhishek] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, Ting; Liu, Guannan; Gomez, Romel] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sullivan, Nichole; Wen, Baomei; Debnath, Ratan; Motayed, Abhishek] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xie, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tingxie@umd.edu; abhishek.motayed@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012; OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Xie, Ting/0000-0003-2722-7822 FU N5 Sensors; Maryland Industrial Partnerships (MIPS) [5418] FX This work was sponsored through N5 Sensors and the Maryland Industrial Partnerships (MIPS, #5418). The TiO2 based NO2 gas sensing devices were fabricated in the Nanofab of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. Gas sensing measurements were conducted at N5 Sensors, Inc. The authors would like to acknowledge the technical support from Mr. Audie Castillo. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 25 PY 2015 VL 653 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.021 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CU1GZ UT WOS:000363270000034 PM 26681838 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, T Yonezawa, T Yoshida, K Yamaguchi, T Nagao, M Faraone, A Seki, S AF Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi Yonezawa, Takuya Yoshida, Koji Yamaguchi, Toshio Nagao, Michihiro Faraone, Antonio Seki, Shiro TI Relationship between Structural Relaxation, Shear Viscosity, and Ionic Conduction of LiPF6/Propylene Carbonate Solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; SIMPLE ALCOHOLS; LIQUIDS; ELECTROLYTES; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY; DIFFUSION; MIXTURES; WATER AB The structure and dynamics of the solutions of LiPF6 in propylene carbonate over a concentration range of 0-3 mol/kg are studied with neutron spin echo spectroscopy, alternating-current (AC) conductometry, and shear impedance spectroscopy. The neutron diffraction shows a prepeak at approximate to 10 nm(-1) in addition to the main peak at approximate to 14 nm(-1) when the concentration of the salt is no less than 2 mol/kg. Compared with the frequency-dependent shear viscosity and AC conductivity, the relaxation of the shear stress agrees with that expected from the structural relaxation of the main peak. On the other hand, the relaxation of the conductivity is slower than the shear relaxation at all the concentrations, and the former approximately matches with the relaxation of the prepeak at the highest concentration, 3 mol/kg, which is several times slower than that of the main peak. The possible contribution of the prepeak structure to the ionic conduction is discussed. C1 [Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi; Yonezawa, Takuya] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mol Design & Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Yoshida, Koji; Yamaguchi, Toshio] Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro; Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Seki, Shiro] CRIEPI, Mat Sci Res Lab, Komae, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mol Design & Engn, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM tyama@nuce.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi/I-6771-2014 OI Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-4590-8592 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), KAKENHI [24550019]; NIST [70NANB10H255]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; General User Program for Neutron Scattering Experiments, Institute for Solid State Physics; University of Tokyo, at JRR-3 [14601]; Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan FX Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi and Takuya Yonezawa are grateful to Prof. Shinobu Koda (Nagoya Univ.) for the use of facilities in his laboratory and fruitful discussions. We thank Leland Harriger (NCNR, NIST) for his support of our diffraction measurements on SPINS. This work is partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), KAKENHI grant 24550019. Michihiro Nagao acknowledges funding support of cooperative agreement 70NANB10H255 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement DMR-0944772. Travel expenses of Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi and Koji Yoshida for the NSE experiment performed using NGA-NSE at NCNR, NIST, USA, were supported by General User Program for Neutron Scattering Experiments, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo (proposal no. 14601), at JRR-3, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 24 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 51 BP 15675 EP 15682 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08701 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DA1MT UT WOS:000367560600015 PM 26634880 ER EF