FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gasperoni, NA Xue, M Palmer, RD Gao, JD AF Gasperoni, Nicholas A. Xue, Ming Palmer, Robert D. Gao, Jidong TI Sensitivity of Convective Initiation Prediction to Near-Surface Moisture When Assimilating Radar Refractivity: Impact Tests Using OSSEs SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEVEL-II DATA; OKLAHOMA MESONET; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART II; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; CLOUD ANALYSIS; SYSTEM ARPS; FORT-WORTH AB The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) system is enhanced to include the analysis of radar-derived refractivity measurements. These refractivity data are most sensitive to atmospheric moisture content and provide high-resolution information on near-surface moisture that is important to convective initiation (CI) and precipitation forecasting. Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed using simulated refractivity data. The impacts of refractivity on CI and subsequent forecasts are investigated in the presence of varying observation error, radar location, data coverage, and different uncertainties in the background field. Cycled refractivity assimilation and forecasts are performed and the results compared to the truth. In addition to the perfect model experiments, imperfect model experiments are performed where the forecasts use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model instead of the ARPS. A simulation for the 19 May 2010 central plain convection case is used for the OSSEs. It involves a large storm system, large convective available potential energy, and little convective inhibition, allowing for CI along a warm front in northern Oklahoma and ahead of a dryline later to the southwest. Emphasis is placed on the quality of moisture analyses and the subsequent forecasts of CI. Results show the ability of refractivity assimilation to correct low-level moisture errors, leading to improved CI forecasts. Equitable threat scores for reflectivity are generally higher when refractivity data are assimilated. Tests show small sensitivity to increased observational error or ground clutter coverage, and greater sensitivity to the limited data coverage of a single radar. C1 [Gasperoni, Nicholas A.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gasperoni, Nicholas A.; Xue, Ming; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gao, Jidong] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu FU NSF [AGS-0750790, OCI-0905040, AGS-0802888, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081] FX This work was primarily supported by NSF Grant AGS-0750790. The second author was supported by NSF Grants OCI-0905040, AGS-0802888, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081. The authors thank Tian-You Yu, Richard Doviak, Dusan Zrnic, Jerry Brotzge, David Bodine, Daniel Michaud, and Boon-leng Cheong for their input during project meetings. The authors would also like to acknowledge Adam Clark for providing the ETS code used in this study. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2281 EP 2302 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00038.1 PG 22 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300HN UT WOS:000330455100005 ER PT J AU Marchand, R Mace, GG Hallar, AG McCubbin, IB Matrosov, SY Shupe, MD AF Marchand, Roger Mace, Gerald G. Hallar, A. Gannet McCubbin, Ian B. Matrosov, Sergey Y. Shupe, Matthew D. TI Enhanced Radar Backscattering due to Oriented Ice Particles at 95 GHz during StormVEx SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ARCTIC CLOUDS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WINTER CLOUDS; WATER-CONTENT; CRYSTALS; DEPOLARIZATION; HABITS; LIQUID AB Nonspherical atmospheric ice particles can enhance radar backscattering and attenuation above that expected from spheres of the same mass. An analysis of scanning 95-GHz radar data collected during the Storm Peak Laboratory Cloud Property Validation Experiment (StormVEx) shows that at a least a small amount of enhanced backscattering was present in most radar scans, with a median enhancement of 2.4 dB at zenith. This enhancement will cause an error (bias) in ice water content (IWC) retrievals that neglect particle orientation, with a value of 2.4 dB being roughly equivalent to a relative error in IVVC of 43%. Of the radar scans examined, 25% had a zenith-enhanced backscattering exceeding 3.5 dB (equivalent to a relative error in IWC in excess of 67%) and 10% of the scans had a zenith-enhanced backscattering exceeding 6.4 dB (equivalent to a relative error in IWC in excess of 150%). Cloud particle images indicate that large enhancement typically occurred when planar crystals (e.g., plates and dendrites) were present, with the largest enhancement occurring when large planar crystals were falling out of a supercooled liquid-water layer. More modest enhancement was sometimes due to planar crystals, but it was also sometimes likely a result of horizontally oriented nonspherical irregularly shaped particles. The analysis also shows there is a strong correlation (about -0.79) between the change in slant 45 degrees depolarization ratio with radar scan elevation angle and the magnitude of the zenith-enhanced backscattering, suggesting that measurements of the slant depolarization ratio can be used to improve radar-based cloud microphysical property retrievals. C1 [Marchand, Roger] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Hallar, A. Gannet; McCubbin, Ian B.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Hallar, A. Gannet; McCubbin, Ian B.] Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Marchand, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 408 ATG Bldg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rojmarch@u.washington.edu RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric System Research program; National Science Foundation; NASA Cloud Sat project FX The StormVEx campaign was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric System Research program, the National Science Foundation, and the NASA Cloud Sat project. The Desert Research Institute's SPL is an equal opportunity service provider and employer, and is a permitee of the Medicine Bow Routt National Forests. We would especially like to thank and acknowledge the hard work of many people who made this research possible, including the many DOE ATSC and ASR staff (especially, Kevin Widener, Nitin Bharadwaj, Rich Coulter, and Brad Orr), Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) local volunteers, the Steamboat Ski and Resort Corporation, the U.S. Forest Service, the Grand Junction National Weather Service office, Stratton Park Engineering Company (SPEC) Incorporated, and all of the graduate students (Betsy Berry, Stewart Evans, Ben Hillman, Will Mace, Clint Schmidt, Carolyn Stwertka, Adam Varble, and Christy Wall), who put considerable effort into collecting data. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2336 EP 2351 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00005.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300HN UT WOS:000330455100008 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Cao, CY Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Cao, Changyong Weng, Fuzhong TI Striping in the Suomi NPP VIIRS Thermal Bands through Anisotropic Surface Reflection SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; MODEL AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) thermal emissive band (TEB) M12 images centered at 3.7 mu m were analyzed and unexpected striping was found. The striping was seen from ascending orbit (daytime) over uniform oceans and has a magnitude of +/- 0.5 K aligned with the VIIRS 16 detectors in a track direction of 12 km. From the ocean surface, reflected solar radiation can significantly increase the M12 radiance under certain geometric conditions in which bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) becomes important. Using the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), developed at the U.S. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), M12 band image striping over a uniform ocean was found that was caused by the difference of sensor azimuthal angles among detectors and the contamination of solar radiation. By analyzing the VIIRS M10 and M11 bands, which are two reflective bands, similar striping images over the uniform oceans were found. The M10 and M11 radiance/reflectance can be used to determine the BRDF effect on the thermal emissive band M12, and eventually be used to remove the solar radiation contamination from the M12 band. This study demonstrated that the M12 image striping is a real instrument artifact. Whether to remove the striping or to utilize the striping information fully depends on the application. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, College Pk, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2478 EP 2487 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00054.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300HN UT WOS:000330455100019 ER PT J AU Gentine, P Holtslag, AAM D'Andrea, F Ek, M AF Gentine, Pierre Holtslag, Albert A. M. D'Andrea, Fabio Ek, Michael TI Surface and Atmospheric Controls on the Onset of Moist Convection over Land SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FRACTION DIURNAL BEHAVIOR; PROBABILISTIC BULK MODEL; COUPLED MIXED-LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOIL-MOISTURE; EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; HYDROLOGIC PERSPECTIVE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB The onset of moist convection over land is investigated using a conceptual approach with a slab boundary layer model. The authors determine the essential factors for the onset of boundary layer clouds over land and study their relative importance. They are 1) the ratio of the temperature to the moisture lapse rates of the free troposphere, that is, the inversion Bowen ratio; 2) the mean daily surface temperature; 3) the relative humidity of the free troposphere; and 4) the surface evaporative fraction. A clear transition is observed between two regimes of moistening of the boundary layer as assessed by the relative humidity at the boundary layer top. In the first so-called wet soil advantage regime, the moistening results from the increase of the mixed-layer specific humidity, which linearly depends on the surface evaporative fraction and inversion Bowen ratio through a dynamic boundary layer factor. In the second so-called dry soil advantage regime, the relative humidity tendency at the boundary layer top is controlled by the thermodynamics and changes in the moist adiabatic induced by the decreased temperature at the boundary layer top and consequent reduction in saturation water vapor pressure. This regime pertains to very deep boundary layers under weakly stratified free troposphere over hot surface conditions. In the context of the conceptual model, a rise in free-tropospheric temperature (global warming) increases the occurrence of deep convection and reduces the cloud cover over moist surfaces. This study provides new intuition and predictive capacity on the mechanism controlling the occurrence of moist convection over land. C1 [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Holtslag, Albert A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [D'Andrea, Fabio] Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris, France. [Ek, Michael] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Suitland, MD USA. RP Gentine, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM pg2328@columbia.edu RI Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010 OI Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-AGS-1035986] FX This work has been carried out as part of grant NSF-AGS-1035986 of the National Science Foundation. The authors wish to thank Alan K. Betts for his comments on the manuscript as well as Francoise Guichard and Gert-Jan Steeneveld for providing the AMMA data used in this analysis. NR 90 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0137.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301KX UT WOS:000330532300004 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, EA Wood, AW Steinemann, AC AF Rosenberg, Eric A. Wood, Andrew W. Steinemann, Anne C. TI Informing Hydrometric Network Design for Statistical Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICALLY BASED DATASET; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; SNOW; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF AB A hydrometric network design approach is developed for enhancing statistical seasonal streamflow forecasts. The approach employs gridded, model-simulated water balance variables as predictors in equations generated via principal components regression in order to identify locations for additional observations that most improve forecast skill. The approach is applied toward the expansion of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) network in 24 western U.S. basins using two forecasting scenarios: one that assumes the currently standard predictors of snow water equivalent and water year-to-date precipitation and one that considers soil moisture as an additional predictor variable. Resulting improvements are spatially and temporally analyzed, attributed to dominant predictor contributions, and evaluated in the context of operational NRCS forecasts, ensemble-based National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts, and historical as-issued NRCS/NWS coordinated forecasts. Findings indicate that, except for basins with sparse existing networks, substantial improvements in forecast skill are only possible through the addition of soil moisture variables. Furthermore, locations identified as optimal for soil moisture sensor installation are primarily found in regions of low to mid elevation, in contrast to the higher elevations where SNOTEL stations are traditionally situated. The study corroborates prior research while demonstrating that soil moisture data can explicitly improve operational water supply forecasts (particularly during the accumulation season), that statistical forecasts are comparable in skill to ensemble-based forecasts, and that simulated hydrologic data can be combined with observations to improve statistical forecasts. The approach can be generalized to other settings and applications involving the use of point observations for statistical prediction models. C1 [Rosenberg, Eric A.; Steinemann, Anne C.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rosenberg, Eric A.] Hazen & Sawyer PC, New York, NY 10018 USA. [Wood, Andrew W.] NOAA, NWS Northwest River Forecast Ctr, Portland, OR USA. [Steinemann, Anne C.] Univ Washington, Evans Sch Publ Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Steinemann, Anne C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Rosenberg, EA (reprint author), Hazen & Sawyer PC, 498 Seventh Ave, New York, NY 10018 USA. EM erosenberg@hazenandsawyer.com RI Steinemann, Anne/E-1249-2015 OI Steinemann, Anne/0000-0001-7556-620X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11OAR4310150] FX This research was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant NA11OAR4310150. We sincerely thank the staff of NRCS NWCC for their generous assistance, with special thanks to David Garen, Tom Perkins, Gus Goodbody, Rashawn Tama, Jolyne Lea, and Cara McCarthy. The thoughtful comments of Jessica Lundquist and three anonymous reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1587 EP 1604 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0136.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301KX UT WOS:000330532300013 ER PT J AU Qi, YC Zhang, J Cao, Q Hong, Y Hu, XM AF Qi, Youcun Zhang, Jian Cao, Qing Hong, Yang Hu, Xiao-Ming TI Correction of Radar QPE Errors for Nonuniform VPRs in Mesoscale Convective Systems Using TRMM Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; PRECIPITATION RADAR; MELTING LAYER; BRIGHT BAND; REFLECTIVITY; ECHOES; WSR-88D; REGION AB Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contain both regions of convective and stratiform precipitation, and a bright band (BB) is often found in the stratiform region. Inflated reflectivity intensities in the BB often cause positive biases in radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). A vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction is necessary to reduce such biases. However, existing VPR correction methods for ground-based radars often perform poorly for MCSs owing to their coarse resolution and poor coverage in the vertical direction, especially at far ranges. Spaceborne radars such as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR), on the other hand, can provide high resolution VPRs. The current study explores a new approach of incorporating the TRMM VPRs into the VPR correction for the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar QPE. High-resolution VPRs derived from the K-u-band TRMM PR data are converted into equivalent S-band VPRs using an empirical technique. The equivalent S-band TRMM VPRs are resampled according to the WSR-88D beam resolution, and the resampled (apparent) VPRs are then used to correct for BB effects in the WSR-88D QPE when the ground radar VPR cannot accurately capture the BB bottom. The new scheme was tested on six MCSs from different regions in the United States and it was shown to provide effective mitigation of the radar QPE errors due to BB contamination. C1 [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hu, Xiao-Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Qi, YC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM youcun.qi@noaa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Hu, Xiao-Ming/D-8085-2011 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Hu, Xiao-Ming/0000-0002-0769-5090 FU NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. This manuscript has greatly benefited from the comments of anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1672 EP 1682 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0165.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 301KX UT WOS:000330532300019 ER PT J AU Min, K Bortnik, J Denton, RE Takahashi, K Lee, JW Singer, HJ AF Min, Kyungguk Bortnik, Jacob Denton, Richard E. Takahashi, Kazue Lee, Jeongwoo Singer, Howard J. TI Quiet time equatorial mass density distribution derived from AMPTE/CCE and GOES using the magnetoseismology technique SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial plasma mass density; magneto-seismology; toroidal-mode Alfven waves ID FIELD LINE DISTRIBUTION; ALFVEN-WAVE HARMONICS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRON-DENSITY; CRRES DATA; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL; FREQUENCIES; PULSATIONS AB An inversion technique for estimating the properties of the magnetospheric plasma from the harmonic frequencies of the toroidal standing Alfven waves has been used to derive the global equatorial mass density covering radial distances from 4 to 9 Earth radii (R-E), within the local time sector spanning from 0300 to 1900h. This broad range of L shell extending to the outer magnetosphere allows us to examine the local time and radial dependence of the quiet time equatorial mass density during solar minimum and thereby construct a global distribution of the equatorial mass density. The toroidal Alfven waves were detected with magnetometers on the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE)/Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) during the nearly 5year interval from August 1984 to January 1989 and on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) (10, 11, and 12) for 2years from 2007 to 2008, both of which were operating during solar minimum years. The derived equatorial mass density, (eq), at geosynchronous orbit (GEO) monotonically increases with increasing magnetic local time (MLT) from the nightside toward the dusk sector. At other radial distances, (eq) has the same MLT variation as that of GEO, while the magnitude logarithmically decreases with increasing L value. An investigation of the Dst and Kp dependence shows that the median value of (eq) varies little in the daytime sector during moderately disturbed times, which agrees with previous studies. (eq) calculated from the F-10.7 dependent empirical model shows good agreement with that of CCE but overestimates that of GOES probably due to the extreme solar cycle minimum in years 2007-2008. C1 [Min, Kyungguk; Bortnik, Jacob; Lee, Jeongwoo] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Bortnik, Jacob] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Denton, Richard E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Lee, Jeongwoo] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin, South Korea. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Min, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM kmin@auburn.edu FU NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX10AQ60G, NNX13AD62G, NAS5-01072]; NSF [AGS-1105790, AGS-1106427]; International Scholarship of Kyung Hee University; JHU/APL [937836] FX We are grateful to Kunihiro Keika for useful discussion. J.B. was supported by NASA grant NNX11AD75G. Work at Dartmouth College and JHUAPL was supported by NSF grant AGS-1105790; R. E. D. was also supported by NASA grant NNX10AQ60G, and K. T. was also supported by NSF grant AGS-1106427. GOES and solar wind data were provided by CDAWeb at NASA GSFC in Greenbelt, Maryland, USA. J.L. was supported by the International Scholarship of Kyung Hee University. The work at Auburn University was supported by NASA grant NNX13AD62G. This work was partly supported by JHU/APL Subcontract No. 937836 to the New Jersey Institute of Technology under NASA Prime Contract No. NAS5-01072. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 6090 EP 6105 DI 10.1002/jgra.50563 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 296JH UT WOS:000330180600011 ER PT J AU Posch, JL Engebretson, MJ Witte, AJ Murr, DL Lessard, MR Johnsen, MG Singer, HJ Hartinger, MD AF Posch, J. L. Engebretson, M. J. Witte, A. J. Murr, D. L. Lessard, M. R. Johnsen, M. G. Singer, H. J. Hartinger, M. D. TI Simultaneous traveling convection vortex events and Pc1 wave bursts at cusp latitudes observed in Arctic Canada and Svalbard SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bow shock; traveling convection vortices; ion foreshock; electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves; proton aurora ID MAGNETIC IMPULSIVE EVENTS; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; HOT FLOW ANOMALIES; SOLAR-WIND; OCCURRENCE STATISTICS; MAGNETOMETER ARRAY; VORTICES; SIGNATURES; MAGNETOSPHERE; PULSATIONS AB Traveling convection vortices (TCVs), which appear in ground magnetometer records at near-cusp latitudes as solitary similar to 5 mHz pulses, are a signature of dynamical processes in the ion foreshock upstream of the Earth's bow shock that can stimulate transient compressions of the dayside magnetosphere. These compressions can also increase the growth rate of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, which appear in ground records at these same latitudes as bursts of Pc1 pulsations. In this study we have identified TCVs and simultaneous Pc1 burst events in two regions, Eastern Arctic Canada and Svalbard, using a combination of fluxgate magnetometers and search coil magnetometers in each region. By looking for the presence of TCVs and Pc1 bursts in two different sequences, we have found that the distribution of Pc1 bursts was more tightly clustered near local noon than that of TCV events, that neither TCVs nor Pc1 bursts were always associated with the other, and even when they occurred simultaneously their amplitudes showed little correlation. Magnetometer data from GOES-12 were also used to characterize the strength of the magnetic compressions at geosynchronous orbit near the magnetic equator. Compressions >2 nT at GOES-12 occurred during 57% of the Canadian TCV events, but during similar to 85% of the simultaneous TCV/Pc1 burst events. There was again little evident correlation between TCV and GOES-12 compression amplitudes. We have also documented unusually low EMIC wave activity during this deep solar minimum interval, and we attribute the low occurrence percentage of combined events in this study to this minimum. C1 [Posch, J. L.; Engebretson, M. J.; Witte, A. J.; Murr, D. L.] Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Lessard, M. R.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Johnsen, M. G.] Univ Tromso, Tromso Geophys Observ, Tromso, Norway. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hartinger, M. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Posch, JL (reprint author), Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, 2211 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM posch@augsburg.edu RI Hartinger, Michael/H-9088-2012 OI Hartinger, Michael/0000-0002-2643-2202 FU NSF [ATM-0827903, ANT-0838917, ANT-0840133, ARC-0806196, ANT-0839938, ANT-0838910, ARC-0806338, AGS-1230398]; Norwegian Research Council FX This research was supported by NSF grants ATM-0827903, ANT-0838917, ANT-0840133, and ARC-0806196 to Augsburg College, and grants ANT-0839938, ANT-0838910, and ARC-0806338 to the University of New Hampshire. Work by M.D.H. was supported by NSF grant AGS-1230398. The identification of events at Svalbard was performed while M.J.E. was a visitor at the University of Oslo, supported by a grant from the Norwegian Research Council. The Magnetometer Array for Cusp and Cleft Studies (MACCS), Arctic Canada, is operated by Augsburg College. Search coil magnetometers at Iqaluit, Sondrestromfjord, South Pole, Antarctic AGOs, and four sites in Svalbard are operated jointly by Augsburg College and the University of New Hampshire. We thank the institutes who maintain the IMAGE Magnetometer Array. HOR is owned and operated by the Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Science and NAL and LYR by the Tromso Geophysical Observatory at the University of Tromso, Norway. GOES satellite data are supplied by the Space Weather Prediction Center, NOAA, Boulder, CO. The OMNI data are supplied by OMNIWeb Plus, Space Physics Data Facility, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. We thank Harald Frey for helpful discussions. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 6352 EP 6363 DI 10.1002/jgra.50604 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 296JH UT WOS:000330180600033 ER PT J AU Lee, IT Tsai, HF Liu, JY Lin, CH Matsuo, T Chang, LC AF Lee, I. T. Tsai, H. F. Liu, J. Y. Lin, C. H. Matsuo, T. Chang, L. C. TI Modeling impact of FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 mission on ionospheric space weather monitoring SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE FORMOSAT-7; COSMIC-2; ionospheric space weather; data assimilation ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER AB For the past decade, the paucity of ionospheric observations has made it almost impossible to reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of global ionospheric electron density. The Formosa Satellite-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, F3/C) constellation has provided ionospheric electron density profiles with high vertical resolution through radio occultation measurements. Slated for deployment starting in 2016, the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) constellation will further provide more than 4 times the number of the F3/C occultation soundings. An observing system simulation experiment is conducted to determine the impact of F7/C2 on ionospheric weather monitoring. The results first show that the F7/C2 observations can reconstruct 3-D ionospheric structure with a data accumulation period of 1h, which can advance studies of small spatial/temporal scale variation/signatures in the ionosphere. Comparing to assimilation results of F3/C, the assimilation system significantly reduces the error arising in the models and observations after assimilating synthetic observations of F7/C2. During this observing system simulation experiment period, the averaged root-mean-square error percentage for the results of F7/C2 is about 4.4%, lower than that of F3/C 7.3%. Furthermore, even with an assimilation window of less than 60min, the F7/C2 RMS errors still yield reliable values compared to the F3/C results. This paper represents a major advance in ionospheric weather monitoring for the future mission. C1 [Lee, I. T.; Liu, J. Y.; Chang, L. C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Lee, I. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Tsai, H. F.] GPS Sci & Applicat Res Ctr, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan. [Lin, C. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Matsuo, T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsuo, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Natl Space Org, 8F,9 Prosper 1st Rd,Hsinchu Sci Pk, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan. EM jyliu@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw RI Chang, Loren/G-3722-2015; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU Newkirk Fellowship from the High Altitude Observatory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-07-1-0565]; Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) [NSC 98-2111-M-008-008-MY3, NSC101-2111-M-008-002]; National Space Organization (NSPO) [NSPO-S-101014] FX I.T.L. is supported by a Newkirk Fellowship from the High Altitude Observatory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. T.M. is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award FA9550-07-1-0565. This work is supported in part by Taiwan National Science Council (NSC) grants, NSC 98-2111-M-008-008-MY3 and NSC101-2111-M-008-002, and National Space Organization (NSPO) grants, NSPO-S-101014. The authors also thank NSPO for providing the figures and orbital information for the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 6518 EP 6523 DI 10.1002/jgra.50538 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 296JH UT WOS:000330180600048 ER PT J AU Sirovic, A Wiggins, SM Oleson, EM AF Sirovic, Ana Wiggins, Sean M. Oleson, Erin M. TI Ocean noise in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC AMBIENT NOISE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTH PACIFIC; BLUE WHALES; SEA NOISE; TRENDS; WATERS; SOUNDS; ISLAND; WEST AB Ocean ambient noise is well studied in the North Pacific and North Atlantic but is poorly described for most of the worlds' oceans. Calibrated passive acoustic recordings were collected during 2009-2010 at seven locations in the central and western tropical and subtropical Pacific. Monthly and hourly mean power spectra (15-1000 Hz) were calculated in addition to their skewness, kurtosis, and percentile distributions. Overall, ambient noise at these seven sites was 10-20 dB lower than reported recently for most other locations in the North Pacific. At frequencies <100Hz, spectrum levels were equivalent to those predicted for remote or light shipping. Noise levels in the 40Hz band were compared to the presence of nearby and distant ships as reported to the World Meteorological Organization Voluntary Observing Ship Scheme (VOS) project. There was a positive, but nonsignificant correlation between distant shipping and low frequency noise (at 40 Hz). There was a seasonal variation in ambient noise at frequencies >200Hz with higher levels recorded in the winter than in the summer. Several species of baleen whales, humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue (Balaenoptera musculus), and fin (B. physalus) whales, also contributed seasonally to ambient noise in characteristic frequency bands. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Sirovic, Ana; Wiggins, Sean M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Species Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Sirovic, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM asirovic@ucsd.edu FU NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology Ocean Acoustics Program; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center FX We would like to thank the multitude of students, technicians, engineers, and researchers who assisted with deployment and recovery of HARPs and analysis and pre-processing of the HARP data, including Jake Asher, Robin Baird, Jamie Barlow, Hannah Bassett, Simone Baumann-Pickering, Tim Christianson, Scott Ferguson, Chris Garsha, Marie Hill, Brent Hurley, John Hurwitz, Jason Larese, Lisa Munger, Ethan Roth, Greg Schorr, Daniel Webster, and Chad Yoshinaga. John Hildebrand and Don Ross provided valuable insights and a multitude of fascinating stories on ocean noise. Thanks to Mark McDonald and Jason Gedamke for comments on the manuscript. The research was funded by NOAA Fisheries Office of Science and Technology Ocean Acoustics Program and by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. HARPs were deployed near Palmyra under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Use Permit No. 12533 and at Ladd and Pearl and Hermes under Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Permit No. PMNM-2008-020. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 134 IS 4 BP 2681 EP 2689 DI 10.1121/1.4820884 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 295MH UT WOS:000330119700024 PM 24116406 ER PT J AU Colosi, JA Chandrayadula, TK Voronovich, AG Ostashev, VE AF Colosi, John A. Chandrayadula, Tarun K. Voronovich, Alexander G. Ostashev, Vladimir E. TI Coupled mode transport theory for sound transmission through an ocean with random sound speed perturbations: Coherence in deep water environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; SHALLOW-WATER; LONG-RANGE; TEMPORAL COHERENCE; WAVE-PROPAGATION; INTERNAL WAVES; RANDOM-MEDIA; FLUCTUATIONS; INTENSITY AB Second moments of mode amplitudes at fixed frequency as a function of separations in mode number, time, and horizontal distance are investigated using mode-based transport equations and Monte Carlo simulation. These second moments are used to study full-field acoustic coherence, including depth separations. Calculations for low-order modes between 50 and 250 Hz are presented using a deep-water Philippine Sea environment. Comparisons between Monte Carlo simulations and transport theory for time and depth coherence at frequencies of 75 and 250 Hz and for ranges up to 500 km show good agreement. The theory is used to examine the accuracy of the adiabatic and quadratic lag approximations, and the range and frequency scaling of coherence. It is found that while temporal coherence has a dominant adiabatic component, horizontal and vertical coherence have more equal contributions from coupling and adiabatic effects. In addition, the quadratic lag approximation is shown to be most accurate at higher frequencies and longer ranges. Last the range and frequency scalings are found to be sensitive to the functional form of the exponential decay of coherence with lag, but temporal and horizontal coherence show scalings that fall quite close to the well-known inverse frequency and inverse square root range laws. C1 [Colosi, John A.; Chandrayadula, Tarun K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Colosi, JA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jacolosi@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [322] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Ocean Acoustics Program Code (322). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 134 IS 4 BP 3119 EP 3133 DI 10.1121/1.4818779 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 295MH UT WOS:000330119700064 PM 24116510 ER PT J AU Zhao, X Wang, D Turvey, ST Taylor, B Akamatsu, T AF Zhao, X. Wang, D. Turvey, S. T. Taylor, B. Akamatsu, T. TI Distribution patterns of Yangtze finless porpoises in the Yangtze River: implications for reserve management SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE acoustic survey; encounter rate; finless porpoise; habitat preferences; line transect sampling; moving average; reserve design ID FRESH-WATER CETACEAN; NEOPHOCAENA-PHOCAENOIDES; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; EXTINCTION; LAST; ASIAEORIENTALIS; DOLPHINS; TRENDS; COUNT AB The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a highly threatened cetacean endemic to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River that has suffered a dramatic decline in recent decades. We characterize and quantify recent distribution patterns of porpoises in the Yangtze River in order to facilitate strategic management of existing in situ cetacean reserves and maximize effective utilization of limited conservation resources. We calculated porpoise relative abundance (encounter rate) using a 1-km moving average along the Yangtze main stem based on a combined visual and acoustic survey conducted in 2006. We then evaluated conservation priority areas based on encounter rates along the river. High-porpoise density areas (>0.20porpoiseskm(-1)) cover approximately one-third (33.9%, 599km) of the survey area and contain approximately two-thirds of the porpoise population, making them priority areas for porpoise conservation. In contrast, low-porpoise density areas (0.05porpoiseskm(-1)) cover 28.8% (509km) of the survey area but contain only 4.5% of the porpoise population, and may already be of little value for porpoise conservation. Five high-priority porpoise conservation sites and five sections that now contain few or no surviving porpoises are identified. Proposed spatial modifications to existing reserves and associated conservation recommendations are made for five existing protected areas along the Yangtze main stem, and we emphasize that some additional river sections should urgently be designated as new protected areas given their high porpoise density. Our approach for identifying conservation priorities may provide lessons for reserve design and management in other protected area networks. C1 [Zhao, X.; Wang, D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Aquat Biodivers & Conservat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Zhao, X.] China Three Gorges Corp, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Turvey, S. T.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Taylor, B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA USA. [Akamatsu, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, NRIFE, Ibaraki, Japan. [Akamatsu, T.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Tokyo, Japan. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM zhaoxiujiang@foxmail.com; wangd@ihb.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30730018, 31170501]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-EW-Z-4]; Ministry of Agriculture of China; China Three Gorges Corporation FX This research was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30730018, 31170501), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-Z-4), the Ministry of Agriculture of China and the China Three Gorges Corporation. The field data used in this study were collected during the 2006 Yangtze Freshwater Dolphin Expedition, and we are grateful to all of the organizations and participants who made this survey happen. Special thanks go to Miss Weina Guo of Oxford University for her translation of an early version of the paper, and to Robert Pitman and Jay Barlow for their careful edits and constructive comments. We also greatly appreciate the further suggestions made by two anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1367-9430 EI 1469-1795 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 16 IS 5 BP 509 EP 518 DI 10.1111/acv.12019 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 294HV UT WOS:000330037000007 ER PT J AU Eberhart, BTL Moore, LK Harrington, N Adams, NG Borchert, J Trainer, VL AF Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L. Moore, Leslie K. Harrington, Neil Adams, Nicolaus G. Borchert, Jerry Trainer, Vera L. TI Screening Tests for the Rapid Detection of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in Washington State SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP); diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs); okadaic acid; rapid screening test; LC-MS; MS; protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Jellett rapid test; Puget Sound ID PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION ASSAY; OKADAIC ACID DETECTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES; POISONING TOXINS; MOUSE BIOASSAY; SPONGE TOXIN; MUSSELS; HPLC; CONTAMINATION; HEALTH AB The illness of three people due to diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) following their ingestion of recreationally harvested mussels from Sequim Bay State Park in the summer of 2011, resulted in intensified monitoring for diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in Washington State. Rapid testing at remote sites was proposed as a means to provide early warning of DST events in order to protect human health and allow growers to test pre-harvest shellfish samples, thereby preventing harvest of toxic product that would later be destroyed or recalled. Tissue homogenates from several shellfish species collected from two sites in Sequim Bay, WA in the summer 2012, as well as other sites throughout Puget Sound, were analyzed using three rapid screening methods: a lateral flow antibody-based test strip (Jellett Rapid Test), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a protein phosphatase 2A inhibition assay (PP2A). The results were compared to the standard regulatory method of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The Jellett Rapid Test for DSP gave an unacceptable number of false negatives due to incomplete extraction of DSTs using the manufacturer's recommended method while the ELISA antibody had low cross-reactivity with dinophysistoxin-1, the major toxin isomer in shellfish from the region. The PP2A test showed the greatest promise as a screening tool for Washington State shellfish harvesters. C1 [Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L.; Moore, Leslie K.; Adams, Nicolaus G.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Lab, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Harrington, Neil] Jamestown SKlallam Tribe, Sequim, WA 98392 USA. [Borchert, Jerry] Washington State Dept Hlth, Food Safety & Shellfish Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Eberhart, BTL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Biotoxins Lab, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM bich-thuy.le.eberhart@noaa.gov; leslie.moore@noaa.gov; nharrington@jamestowntribe.org; nicolaus.adams@noaa.gov; jerry.borchert@doh.wa.gov; vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through their National Estuary Program [PC-00J32601]; NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Sciences' Event Response program (NOAA ER) FX We thank all SoundToxins and ORHAB partners for their dedication to weekly sampling of coastal and Puget Sound waters. We acknowledge University of Washington student intern Megan Stephens and University of Washington Capstone Program student Matthew Choowong for their help in the laboratory, and Nobuharu Inaba for reviewing this manuscript. We also thank four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This study was funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through their National Estuary Program, via a contract (PC-00J32601) and by NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Sciences' Event Response program (NOAA ER). This is NOAA ER publication #17. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD OCT PY 2013 VL 11 IS 10 BP 3718 EP 3734 DI 10.3390/md11103718 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 274QZ UT WOS:000328622500008 PM 24084788 ER PT J AU He, T Liang, SL Yu, YY Wang, DD Gao, F Liu, Q AF He, Tao Liang, Shunlin Yu, Yunyue Wang, Dongdong Gao, Feng Liu, Qiang TI Greenland surface albedo changes in July 1981-2012 from satellite observations SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE surface albedo; Greenland; satellite observation; GLASS albedo; CMIP5; IPCC AR5 ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ICE-SHEET; MODIS; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY; TRENDS AB Significant melting events over Greenland have been observed over the past few decades. This study presents an analysis of surface albedo change over Greenland using a 32-year consistent satellite albedo product from the global land surface satellite (GLASS) project together with ground measurements. Results show a general decreasing trend of surface albedo from 1981 to 2012 (-0.009 +/- 0.002 decade(-1), p < 0.01). However, a large decrease has occurred since 2000 (-0.028 +/- 0.008 decade(-1), p < 0.01) with most significant decreases at elevations between 1000 and 1500 m (-0.055 decade(-1), p < 0.01) which may be associated with surface temperature increases. The surface radiative forcing from albedo changes is 2.73 W m(-2) decade(-1) and 3.06 W m(-2) decade(-1) under full-sky and clear-sky conditions, respectively, which indicates that surface albedo changes are likely to have a larger impact on the surface shortwave radiation budget than that caused by changes in the atmosphere over Greenland. A comparison made between satellite albedo products and data output from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) shows that most of the CMIP5 models do not detect the significantly decreasing trends of albedo in recent decades. This suggests that more efforts are needed to improve our understanding and simulation of climate change at high latitudes. C1 [He, Tao; Liang, Shunlin; Wang, Dongdong] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, Shunlin; Liu, Qiang] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, M Sq Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gao, Feng] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP He, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM the@umd.edu; sliang@umd.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Wang, Dongdong/M-1969-2014; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015; He, Tao/H-5130-2012 OI Wang, Dongdong/0000-0002-2076-576X; He, Tao/0000-0003-2079-7988 FU NOAA [NA09NES4400006]; Chinese 863 project [2013AA122800, 2009AA122100] FX This work was supported by the NOAA grant (NA09NES4400006) to the University of Maryland and the Chinese 863 project (2013AA122800) to Beijing Normal University. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We thank the GLASS, MERRA, CMIP5, and GC-Net teams for providing the data used in this study. The GLASS albedo product is produced by the Chinese 863 project (No. 2009AA122100) and available at http:// glass-product.bnu.edu.cn/en/ and http://glcf.umd.edu/data/abd/. We appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions from our three anonymous reviewers. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 4 AR 044043 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044043 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288IJ UT WOS:000329604900050 ER PT J AU Werner, WSM Smekal, W Hisch, T Himmelsbach, J Powell, CJ AF Werner, Wolfgang S. M. Smekal, Werner Hisch, Thomas Himmelsbach, Julia Powell, Cedric J. TI Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA)for quantitative interpretation of (hard) X-ray photoelectron spectra(HAXPES) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Photoelectron spectra; Electron transport; Nanomorphology; Nanostructures ID LINE-SHAPE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; CATALYSTS AB For the interpretation of photoelectron spectra and in order to obtain quantitative information on the chemical structure of surfaces, one commonly makes a number of simplifying assumptions concerning the generation of the signal electrons, such as the neglect of photoelectron elastic scattering, and the anisotropy of photoelectron emission. While the effects of these assumptions for planar surfaces and for conventional X-ray sources has been investigated in detail in the past, the combined influence of the nanomorphology, the polarisation of the incoming beam and other processes playing a role in the photoelectron escape on the angular- and energy-distribution of emitted photoelectrons has not been clarified to date. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) is a unique tool for interpretation of experimental data for nanostructured surfaces as well as for experimental design with photoelectron energies between 50 eV and 30 keV. SESSA has recently been modified to allow a user to simulate X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of nanostructured surfaces, such as surfaces covered with rectangular islands, nanowires, pyramids, spheres, and layered spheres. The effect of the nanomorphology on the emitted angular and energy distribution of photoelectrons is investigated and comparison is made of simulated data with experimental results. Finally, the full potential of XPS for characterising nanostructures by a consistent analysis of the angular distribution of both the photoelectron peaks and their associated inelastic loss features is explored. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Werner, Wolfgang S. M.; Smekal, Werner; Hisch, Thomas; Himmelsbach, Julia] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Powell, Cedric J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Werner, WSM (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM werner@iap.tuwien.ac.at NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 190 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2013.06.007 PN B PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 285ER UT WOS:000329376900003 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Rumaiz, AK Lysaght, P Karlin, B Woicik, JC Fischer, D AF Weiland, C. Rumaiz, A. K. Lysaght, P. Karlin, B. Woicik, J. C. Fischer, D. TI NIST high throughput variable kinetic energy hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy facility SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE HAXPES; Photoelectron spectroscopy; Synchrotron techniques ID THERMAL-STABILITY; DIAMOND; BEAMLINE; SPECTRA; TIO2; SI AB We present an overview of the National Institute of Standards and Technology beamline X24A at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Lab and recent work performed at the facility. The beamline is equipped for HAXPES measurements, with an energy range from 2.1 to 6 keV with Si(1 1 1) crystals. Recent measurements performed at the beamline include non-destructive depth dependent variable kinetic energy measurements of dielectric and semiconductor films and interfaces for microelectronics applications, band alignment at buried interfaces, and the electronic structure of bulk-like materials. The design and operation of the current beamline will be discussed, as well as the future NIST beamline at NSLS II. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiland, C.; Karlin, B.; Woicik, J. C.; Fischer, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rumaiz, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lysaght, P.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cweiland@bnl.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 190 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2013.04.008 PN B PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 285ER UT WOS:000329376900010 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Oleson, EM Barlow, J Ligon, AD Gorgone, AM Mahaffy, SD AF Baird, Robin W. Oleson, Erin M. Barlow, Jay Ligon, Allan D. Gorgone, Antoinette M. Mahaffy, Sabre D. TI Evidence of an Island-Associated Population of False Killer Whales (Pseudorca crassidens) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYCLONIC EDDIES; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; WATERS AB Two populations of false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, are recognized from Hawaiian waters: the Hawaiian insular population, an island-associated population found around the main Hawaiian Islands; and the Hawai'i pelagic population, found in offshore waters. This species has not been previously documented near the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. During a 2010 large-vessel survey throughout the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, false killer whales from 11 encounters were individually photo-identified, and photos were compared among encounters and with a catalog of false killer whales from the main Hawaiian Islands. Individuals from three of the encounters, all in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands within the eastern part of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, were the only ones documented that matched with false killer whales previously seen around the main Hawaiian Islands, and the matches were to individuals documented off Kaua'i in 2008 that were of unknown population membership. Two individuals from one of these three 2010 encounters were instrumented with satellite tags attached to dorsal fins, and their movements were documented over 4.6 and 52 days. Movements of the tagged individuals ranged from French Frigate Shoals to Middle Bank (between Nihoa and Ni'ihau) and included shallow nearshore waters and deep waters to 147 km from land. Combined, the photo-identification and satellite-tagging results suggest that there is a second island-associated population of this species in Hawai'i that primarily uses the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a range that overlaps with that of the main Hawaiian Islands insular population. C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Mahaffy, Sabre D.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 98250 USA. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 West 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 67 IS 4 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.2984/67.4.2 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 283PU UT WOS:000329260300002 ER PT J AU Witherell, P Grosse, IR Krishnamurty, S Wileden, JC AF Witherell, Paul Grosse, Ian R. Krishnamurty, Sundar Wileden, Jack C. TI AIERO: An algorithm for identifying engineering relationships in ontologies SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Semantic relatedness; Ontology; Product development; Change management; Interdependency; Consistency checking ID SEMANTIC SIMILARITY; DESIGN; METHODOLOGY; RELATEDNESS; MANAGEMENT AB Semantic technologies are playing an increasingly popular role as a means for advancing the capabilities of knowledge management systems. Among these advancements, researchers have successfully leveraged semantic technologies, and their accompanying techniques, to improve the representation and search capabilities of knowledge management systems. This paper introduces a further application of semantic techniques. We explore semantic relatedness as a means of facilitating the development of more "intelligent" engineering knowledge management systems. Using semantic relatedness quantifications to analyze and rank concept pairs, this novel approach exploits semantic relationships to help identify key engineering relationships, similar to those leveraged in change management systems, in product development processes. As part of this work, we review several different semantic relatedness techniques, including a meronomic technique recently introduced by the authors. We introduce an aggregate measure, termed "An Algorithm for Identifying Engineering Relationships in Ontologies," or AIERO, as a means to purposely quantify semantic relationships within product development frameworks. To assess its consistency and accuracy, AIERO is tested using three separate, independently developed ontologies. The results indicate AIERO is capable of returning consistent rankings of concept pairs across varying knowledge frameworks. A PCB (printed circuit board) case study then highlights AIERO's unique ability to leverage semantic relationships to systematically narrow where engineering interdependencies are likely to be found between various elements of product development processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Witherell, Paul; Grosse, Ian R.; Krishnamurty, Sundar] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wileden, Jack C.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Witherell, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Amherst, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.witherell@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [0332508] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0332508. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 EI 1873-5320 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 555 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2013.06.003 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 273HK UT WOS:000328525700013 ER PT J AU Collier, BA Farrell, SL Long, AM Campomizzi, AJ Hays, KB Laake, JL Morrison, ML Wilkins, RN AF Collier, Bret A. Farrell, Shannon L. Long, Ashley M. Campomizzi, Andrew J. Hays, K. Brian Laake, Jeffrey L. Morrison, Michael L. Wilkins, R. Neal TI MODELING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT DENSITIES OF ENDANGERED AVIAN SPECIES IN A HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPE SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Black-capped Vireo; distance sampling; disturbance; Golden-cheeked Warbler; mark recapture; military training; point transect; unmodeled heterogeneity ID POINT-COUNT SURVEYS; LINE-TRANSECT; BIRD COMMUNITIES; HABITAT QUALITY; MARK-RECAPTURE; DISTANCE; OCCUPANCY; ABUNDANCE; OBSERVER; FRAGMENTATION AB Relating population density to spatially explicit habitat characteristics can inform management by directing efforts to areas with lower densities or focusing conservation and land protection on high-density areas. We conducted point-transect surveys for the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) and Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla) in the live-fire region of Fort Hood, Texas. We used mark recapture distance sampling and combined a Horvitz-Thompson estimator with a habitat-based, resource-selection gradient to estimate spatially explicit density for both species. We detected Golden-cheeked Warblers at 120 locations (202, 197, and 89 detected by primary, secondary, and both observers, respectively) and Black-capped Vireos at 173 locations (241, 255, and 107 detected by primary, secondary, and both observers, respectively). For Golden-cheeked Warblers, the average ( SE) composite detection probability estimate within a 100-m point-sample radius was 0.57 +/- 0.14, and for vireos it was 0.24 +/- 0.02. Estimated mean density (singing males ha(-1)) was 0.14 +/- 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-0.23) and 0.47 +/- 0.05 (95% CI: 0.38-0.60) for Golden-cheeked Warblers and Black-capped Vireos, respectively. Our analysis suggested evidence of heterogeneity in the detection process for both species, as well as imperfect detection at distance g(0), both of which would bias estimated densities if ignored. Additionally, both species exhibited spatial variability in estimated densities, with those areas that had higher occurrence probabilities typically having higher estimated density. In the absence of spatially explicit density prediction, managers must treat all losses of potential habitat for endangered species uniformly, despite likely differences in conservation value. Our approach could be used to ascertain areas of changing density in relation to changing habitat conditions over time and space. C1 [Collier, Bret A.; Farrell, Shannon L.; Campomizzi, Andrew J.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Long, Ashley M.; Morrison, Michael L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hays, K. Brian] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, Gatesville, TX 76528 USA. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wilkins, R. Neal] East Wildlife Fdn, Corpus Christi, TX 78411 USA. RP Collier, BA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bret@tamu.edu RI Farrell, Shannon/L-3215-2016 OI Farrell, Shannon/0000-0002-8265-3448 FU U.S. Army Integrated Training Area Management Program, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense FX The U.S. Army Integrated Training Area Management Program, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense, provided funding support. S. Manning, D. Petty, J. Tatum, and M. Marshall provided additional indispensable logistical and field support. We gratefully acknowledge the Geospatial and Information Technology Research group in the Institute of Renewable Natural Resources for GIS support. We thank field technicians M. Gasner, M. Boone, A. Stuckert, I. Walker, A. Hill, S. Quasius, H. Pruett, A. Connor, J. Hennig, and S. Walters for their efforts and contribution to data collection and management. We greatly appreciate the excellent review comments from C. Handel, D. Diefenbach, and an anonymous reviewer that helped clarify several topics in our manuscript. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2013 VL 130 IS 4 BP 666 EP 676 DI 10.1525/auk.2013.13017 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 274EM UT WOS:000328588800011 ER PT J AU Artioli, G Bullard, JW AF Artioli, Gilberto Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI Cement hydration: the role of adsorption and crystal growth SO CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Portland cement; nucleation and growth processes; computational modelling ID C-S-H; CALCIUM-SILICATE-HYDRATE; RESONANCE REACTION ANALYSIS; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; DICALCIUM SILICATE; REACTION-KINETICS; INDUCTION PERIOD; NUCLEATION AB Portland cement is a fundamental structural and binding material for industry and society. Its structural and physical properties at different scales show a complexity that can presently be barely managed through experimental and computational methods. State of the art problems and trends in cement studies will be briefly assessed from the point of view of the processes at the molecular scale. C1 [Artioli, Gilberto] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Artioli, Gilberto] Univ Padua, Ctr Interdipartimentale Ric Studio Mat Cementizi, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Artioli, G (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Geosci, Via Gradenigo 6, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM gilberto.artioli@unipd.it RI Artioli, Gilberto/F-2149-2015 OI Artioli, Gilberto/0000-0002-8693-7392 NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1521-4079 J9 CRYST RES TECHNOL JI Cryst. Res. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 48 IS 10 SI SI BP 903 EP 918 DI 10.1002/crat.201200713 PG 16 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 260KR UT WOS:000327594300014 ER PT J AU Qi, YC Zhang, J Zhang, PF AF Qi, Youcun Zhang, Jian Zhang, Pengfei TI A real-time automated convective and stratiform precipitation segregation algorithm in native radar coordinates SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radar QPE; VPR correction; MCSs ID TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; REFLECTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; QPE AB A new convective/stratiform (C/S) precipitation segregation algorithm was developed for applications with single radar volume scan data and in its native (spherical) coordinates. The new algorithm consists of two parts: the first is to find convective rainfall cores based on physical characteristics of different rainfall types, and the second is to delineate the full convective area through seeded region growing. The new scheme takes into account radar sampling characteristics and a variety of precipitation scenarios where the C/S delineation was relatively challenging. The new C/S delineation scheme has two impacts on radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE): (i) correctly separate convective and stratiform regions such that appropriate Z(e)-R relationships can be applied; (ii) correctly define the stratiform area such that a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction can be applied. The VPR correction is very important to reduce overestimation errors in radar QPEs associated with bright band. The new algorithm was tested on many events and showed improved performance over previous schemes, especially when handling strong bright band and melting graupels in stratiform precipitation. The new scheme was also tested in radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and it consistently reduced the root mean square error and mean absolute bias in the radar QPE when compared with gauges. C1 [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Qi, YC (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Youcun.Qi@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Hydro-Meteorological Testbed (HMT) program; NOAA - University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA's Hydro-Meteorological Testbed (HMT) program and partial funding was provided under NOAA - University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 139 IS 677 BP 2233 EP 2240 DI 10.1002/qj.2095 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270VT UT WOS:000328348000021 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Liu, M AF Gao, Bo-Cai Liu, Ming TI A Fast Smoothing Algorithm for Post-Processing of Surface Reflectance Spectra Retrieved from Airborne Imaging Spectrometer Data SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; sensors; spectroscopy; smoothing; surface reflectance ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; AVIRIS AB Surface reflectance spectra retrieved from remotely sensed hyperspectral imaging data using radiative transfer models often contain residual atmospheric absorption and scattering effects. The reflectance spectra may also contain minor artifacts due to errors in radiometric and spectral calibrations. We have developed a fast smoothing technique for post-processing of retrieved surface reflectance spectra. In the present spectral smoothing technique, model-derived reflectance spectra are first fit using moving filters derived with a cubic spline smoothing algorithm. A common gain curve, which contains minor artifacts in the model-derived reflectance spectra, is then derived. This gain curve is finally applied to all of the reflectance spectra in a scene to obtain the spectrally smoothed surface reflectance spectra. Results from analysis of hyperspectral imaging data collected with the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data are given. Comparisons between the smoothed spectra and those derived with the empirical line method are also presented. C1 [Gao, Bo-Cai] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Ming] NOAA, Software Branch, Field Syst Operat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil; ming.liu@noaa.gov FU US Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to Joseph W. Boardman of Analytical Imaging Geophysics, Boulder, Colorado for useful discussions, and to Robert O. Green of Jet Propulsion Laboratory for providing AVIRIS data used in this study. This research is partially supported by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD OCT PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 13879 EP 13891 DI 10.3390/s131013879 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 274SA UT WOS:000328625300063 PM 24129022 ER PT J AU Guan, B Molotch, NP Waliser, DE Fetzer, EJ Neiman, PJ AF Guan, Bin Molotch, Noah P. Waliser, Duane E. Fetzer, Eric J. Neiman, Paul J. TI The 2010/2011 snow season in California's Sierra Nevada: Role of atmospheric rivers and modes of large-scale variability SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE snow water equivalent; Sierra Nevada; atmospheric rivers; Arctic Oscillation; Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern; El Nino; Southern Oscillation ID RIO-GRANDE HEADWATERS; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WEST-COAST; SATELLITE; IMPACTS; TEMPERATURE; CONNECTION AB The anomalously snowy winter season of 2010/2011 in the Sierra Nevada is analyzed in terms of snow water equivalent (SWE) anomalies and the role of atmospheric rivers (ARs)narrow channels of enhanced meridional water vapor transport between the tropics and extratropics. Mean April 1 SWE was 0.44 m (56%) above normal averaged over 100 snow sensors. AR occurrence was anomalously high during the period, with 20 AR dates during the season and 14 in the month of December 2010, compared to the mean occurrence of nine dates per season. Fifteen out of the 20 AR dates were associated with the negative phases of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Pacific-North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern. Analysis of all winter ARs in California during water years 1998-2011 indicates more ARs occur during the negative phase of AO and PNA, with the increase between positive and negative phases being approximate to 90% for AO, and approximate to 50% for PNA. The circulation pattern associated with concurrent negative phases of AO and PNA, characterized by cyclonic anomalies centered northwest of California, provides a favorable dynamical condition for ARs. The analysis suggests that the massive Sierra Nevada snowpack during the 2010/2011 winter season is primarily related to anomalously high frequency of ARs favored by the joint phasing of -AO and -PNA, and that a secondary contribution is from increased snow accumulation during these ARs favored by colder air temperatures associated with -AO, -PNA, and La Nina. C1 [Guan, Bin; Molotch, Noah P.; Waliser, Duane E.; Fetzer, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Guan, Bin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Molotch, Noah P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neiman, Paul J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Guan, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 233-300,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bin.guan@jpl.nasa.gov RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010; Molotch, Noah/C-8576-2009 FU NASA [NNX08AH18G, NNXIIAK35A]; NSF [EAR1032295]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds; Water Resources Area of the NASA Applied Sciences Program FX This research was supported by NASA grants NNX08AH18G and NNXIIAK35A, NSF grant EAR1032295, and by American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds. Additional support was provided by the Water Resources Area of the NASA Applied Sciences Program. DEW's, EJF's, and BG's contribution, and part of NPM's contribution, to this study were carried out on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 49 IS 10 BP 6731 EP 6743 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20537 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 258BI UT WOS:000327432500042 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, Howard S. TI On a generalization of the generating function for Gegenbauer polynomials SO INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS LA English DT Article DE Euclidean space; polyharmonic equation; fundamental solution; Gegenbauer polynomials; associated Legendre functions ID EXPANSION; SERIES AB A generalization of the generating function for Gegenbauer polynomials is introduced whose coefficients are given in terms of associated Legendre functions of the second kind. We discuss how our expansion represents a generalization of several previously derived formulae such as Heine's formula and Heine's reciprocal square-root identity. We also show how this expansion can be used to compute hyperspherical harmonic expansions for power-law fundamental solutions of the polyharmonic equation. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1065-2469 EI 1476-8291 J9 INTEGR TRANSF SPEC F JI Integral Transform. Spec. Funct. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 10 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1080/10652469.2012.761613 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 264HF UT WOS:000327866900004 ER PT J AU Frechette, D Collins, AL Harvey, JT Hayes, SA Huff, DD Jones, AW Retford, NA Langford, AE Moore, JW Osterback, AMK Satterthwaite, WH Shaffer, SA AF Frechette, Danielle Collins, Alison L. Harvey, James T. Hayes, Sean A. Huff, David D. Jones, Andrew W. Retford, Nicolas A. Langford, Alina E. Moore, Jonathan W. Osterback, Ann-Marie K. Satterthwaite, William H. Shaffer, Scott A. TI A Bioenergetics Approach to Assessing Potential Impacts of Avian Predation on Juvenile Steelhead during Freshwater Rearing SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MERGANSER MERGUS-MERGANSER; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; EASTERN VANCOUVER ISLAND; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SEAWARD MIGRATION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; GOOSANDERS; ABUNDANCE; ESTUARY AB Avian predation on juvenile salmonids is an important source of mortality in freshwater and estuarine habitats when birds and salmonids overlap spatially and temporally. We assessed the potential impact of avian predation upon juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in a coastal watershed in central California. We conducted stream surveys between 2008 and 2010 to determine the composition, distribution, and density of piscivorous birds in areas that provide rearing habitat for juvenile steelhead. The most commonly sighted bird species were common mergansers Mergus merganser and belted kingfishers Megacyrle alcyon. The density of avian predators varied spatially and temporally but was greatest in the estuary regardless of season and decreased with increasing distance from the estuary. In the absence of local predator diet data, we applied a bioenergetics model to estimate the potential predation on juvenile steelhead by mergansers and kingfishers in the Scott Creek estuary. Model parameters included (1) published values of bird energetic requirements and steelhead energy density, (2) the number of birds present in the estuary during the closure period (from stream surveys), and (3) the size frequency and abundance of steelhead present in the estuary during closure. We predicted the extent of predation for different values of steelhead in bird diets, accounting for uncertainty in the estimates using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. With the assumed contribution of steelhead to the diet ranging from 20% to 100%, the population of kingfishers foraging in the Scott Creek estuary had the potential to remove 3-17% of annual production, whereas mergansers had the potential to remove 5-54% of annual steelhead production. Our results suggest that predation by avian species, particularly mergansers, is an important source of mortality for threatened steelhead populations in central California and should be addressed in future salmonid research and recovery planning. Received February 13, 2013; accepted June 4, 2013 C1 [Frechette, Danielle; Collins, Alison L.; Hayes, Sean A.; Huff, David D.; Jones, Andrew W.; Retford, Nicolas A.; Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Satterthwaite, William H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Frechette, Danielle; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95003 USA. [Collins, Alison L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Langford, Alina E.; Osterback, Ann-Marie K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Satterthwaite, William H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Frechette, D (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM danielle.frechette@gmail.com RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU California Sea Grant College Program [R/FISH-205]; California Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; University of California-Santa Cruz [NSF DEB-1009018]; International Women's Fishing Association Scholarship; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California State Parks; Briggs Family; CalPoly Swanton Pacific Ranch; Big Creek Lumber FX This project was funded by the California Sea Grant College Program (R/FISH-205), the California Department of Fish and Game Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, the University of California-Santa Cruz (NSF DEB-1009018), and the International Women's Fishing Association Scholarship. Site access and project support were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California State Parks, the Briggs Family, CalPoly Swanton Pacific Ranch, and Big Creek Lumber. S. Auten, B. Dietterick, M. Pavelka, J. Webb, and C. Winchell were especially helpful. This work would not have been possible without the help of the technicians, interns, and volunteers that assisted with bird surveys, especially T. Brown, I. Cole, E. Donnelly, J. Harding, B. Kohli, M. Pavelka, J. Perez, B. Perlman, A. Soberij, and J. Toone. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at San Jose State University and the University of California-Santa Cruz. All birds were banded and carcasses collected under USGS master banding permit 23411 issued to Shaffer. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1024 EP 1038 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.816395 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 264HP UT WOS:000327867900018 ER PT J AU Henderson, MJ Fabrizio, MC AF Henderson, Mark J. Fabrizio, Mary C. TI Detecting Noncompliance in the Summer Flounder Recreational Fishery Using a Mark-Recapture Growth Model SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TUNA THUNNUS-MACCOYII; PARAMETERS; TAG; REPRODUCTION; CURVE AB We used a mark-recapture growth model to investigate recreational angler compliance with minimum length regulations in a popular Chesapeake Bay fishery. Angler noncompliance can severely degrade the ability of fishery managers to avoid overexploitation and to achieve objectives of rebuilding plans. To discern noncompliance in the recreational fishery for Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus, we fitted a growth model to 3,474 recapture records from a tagging study conducted by volunteer anglers in Virginia from 2000 to 2011. Most of the tagged fish were small (i.e., sublegal size), and the average time at liberty was 86 d. Based on the growth model, Summer Flounder growth patterns changed at 34.7cm, possibly representing the length at which the majority of fish reach maturity. The mean size of harvested fish increased in response to increases in the minimum size limit, although harvest of sublegal fish continued. Throughout the 12years of the study, 33-79% of the tagged fish that were recaptured and harvested were predicted to be sublegal based on the growth model. The percentage of sublegal fish that were harvested increased dramatically when large (5cm) increases in minimum size limits were implemented. We conclude that Virginia recreational anglers responded to management regulations by adjusting the minimum size of harvested fish but that some anglers continued to harvest sublegal fish. Received April 9, 2013; accepted June 18, 2013 C1 [Henderson, Mark J.; Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Henderson, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mark.henderson@noaa.gov OI Henderson, Mark/0000-0002-5603-8302; Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU VIMS; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship FX We thank the many people who developed, maintained, and participated in the VGFTP. In particular, we thank Jon Lucy (VIMS), Claude Bain III (VMRC), Susanna Musick (VIMS), Lewis Gillingham (VMRC), Todd Sperling (VMRC), and Ann Burnet (VMRC). This manuscript benefited from comments by Rob Latour (VIMS), Tracey Sutton (VIMS), Harry Wang (VIMS), Steve Cadrin (University of Massachusetts Amherst), and Susanna Musick (VIMS). This work was completed with funding from VIMS and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship to M.J.H. This paper is Contribution Number 3309 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.820244 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 264HP UT WOS:000327867900019 ER PT J AU Goodman, A Bromhal, G Strazisar, B Rodosta, T Guthrie, WF Allen, D Guthrie, G AF Goodman, Angela Bromhal, Grant Strazisar, Brian Rodosta, Traci Guthrie, William F. Allen, Doug Guthrie, George TI Comparison of methods for geologic storage of carbon dioxide in saline formations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CO2; Geologic storage; Saline formations; Resource estimates; Capacity estimates ID CAPACITY ESTIMATION; CO2; AQUIFERS; SCALE AB Preliminary estimates of CO2 storage potential in geologic formations provide critical information related to Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies to mitigate CO2 emissions. Currently multiple methods to estimate CO2 storage and multiple storage estimates for saline formations have been published, leading to potential uncertainty when comparing estimates from different studies. In this work, carbon dioxide storage estimates are compared by applying several commonly used methods to general saline formation data sets to assess the impact that the choice of method has on the results. Specifically, six CO2 storage methods were applied to thirteen saline formation data sets which were based on formations across the United States with adaptations to provide the geologic inputs required by each method. Methods applied include those by (1) international efforts - the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (Bachu et al., 2007); (2) United States government agencies - U.S. Department of Energy - National Energy Technology Laboratory (US-DOE-NETL, 2012) and United States Geological Survey (Brennan et al., 2010); and (3) the peer-reviewed scientific community - Szulczewski et al. (2012) and Zhou et al. (2008). A statistical analysis of the estimates generated by multiple methods revealed that assessments of CO2 storage potential made at the prospective level were often statistically indistinguishable from each other, implying that the differences in methodologies are small with respect to the uncertainties in the geologic properties of storage rock in the absence of detailed site-specific characterization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Goodman, Angela; Strazisar, Brian; Guthrie, George] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Bromhal, Grant; Rodosta, Traci] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Guthrie, William F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, Doug] Salem State Univ, Salem, MA 01970 USA. RP Goodman, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM angela.goodman@netl.doe.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD OCT PY 2013 VL 18 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.07.016 PG 14 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 264TT UT WOS:000327904600030 ER PT J AU Wang, QD Griesmann, U AF Wang, Quandou Griesmann, Ulf TI Versatile bilayer resist for laser lithography at 405 nm on glass substrates SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE photoresist; computer-generated hologram; maskless laser lithography; zone plate array lithography ID FABRICATION AB We describe a simple bilayer photoresist that is particularly well suited for laser lithography at an exposure wavelength of 405 nm on glass substrates, which are often used for the fabrication of binary diffractive optics and computer-generated holograms. The resist consists of a poly-dimethyl glutarimide (PMGI) bottom layer that is used as an antireflection coating between a glass substrate and a positive or negative photoresist. The optical properties of the PMGI layer at 405 nm result in excellent suppression of reflections into the photoresist and good process latitude. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Wang, Quandou; Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, QD (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quandou.wang@nist.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 52 IS 10 AR 105104 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.10.105104 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 269PR UT WOS:000328254600056 ER PT J AU Chen, AK Delrio, FW Peterson, AW Chung, KH Bhadiraju, K Plant, AL AF Chen, Antony K. Delrio, Frank W. Peterson, Alexander W. Chung, Koo-Hyun Bhadiraju, Kiran Plant, Anne L. TI Cell Spreading and Proliferation in Response to the Composition and Mechanics of Engineered Fibrillar Extracellular Matrices SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fibronectin; collagen; combined matrix; stiffness; extracellular matrix ID THIN-FILMS; I COLLAGEN; ADHESION RECEPTORS; BINDING-SITES; FIBRONECTIN; SHAPE; VITRONECTIN; MICROSCOPY; STIFFNESS; FORCES AB The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a complex mixture of biochemical and physical stimuli that together regulate cell behavior. In this study, we engineer a model ECM consisting of fibrillar Type-1 collagen plus fibronectin that allows systematic examination of the effects of matrix composition and mechanics on cells. On this combined protein matrix, cells exhibit intermediate degrees of spreading and proliferation compared to their responses on collagen or fibronectin alone. Adhesion to the combination matrix could be blocked by peptides containing the sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and by antibodies against 1 integrin, suggesting cell-matrix engagement was mediated by a combination of integrin receptors that recognize fibronectin and collagen. Regardless of integrin engagement, cells were sensitive to the mechanical properties of the combination ECM, suggesting that cells could process biochemical and mechanical cues simultaneously and independently. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2731-2741. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Chen, Antony K.; Delrio, Frank W.; Peterson, Alexander W.; Chung, Koo-Hyun; Bhadiraju, Kiran; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Antony K.] Peking Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chung, Koo-Hyun] Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech Engn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Bhadiraju, Kiran] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, AK (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chenak@pku.edu.cn RI CHEN, ANTONY/N-3460-2013; Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI CHEN, ANTONY/0000-0002-4105-9741; Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 FU National Research Council Fellowship FX Contract grant sponsor: National Research Council Fellowship NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 EI 1097-0290 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 110 IS 10 BP 2731 EP 2741 DI 10.1002/bit.24921 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 262HQ UT WOS:000327725400018 PM 23568715 ER PT J AU Chieng, N Cicerone, MT Zhong, Q Liu, M Pikal, MJ AF Chieng, Norman Cicerone, Marcus T. Zhong, Qin Liu, Ming Pikal, Michael J. TI Characterization of dynamics in complex lyophilized formulations: II. Analysis of density variations in terms of glass dynamics and comparisons with global mobility, fast dynamics, and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE Freeze drying; Pharmaceutical stability; Glass dynamics; Density; Free volume; PALS ID STORAGE STABILITY; SOLID-STATE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PROTEIN STABILIZATION; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; SORBITOL; AGGREGATION; TREHALOSE; GLYCEROL; LIQUIDS AB Amorphous HES/disaccharide (trehalose or sucrose) formulations, with and without added polyols (glycerol and sorbitol) and disaccharide formulations of human growth hormone (hGH), were prepared by freeze drying and characterized with particular interest in methodology for using high precision density measurements to evaluate free volume changes and a focus on comparisons between "free volume" changes obtained from analysis of density data, fast dynamics (local mobility), and PALS characterization of "free volume" hole size. Density measurements were performed using a helium gas pycnometer, and fast dynamics was characterized using incoherent neutron scattering spectrometer. Addition of sucrose and trehalose to hGH decreases free volume in the system with sucrose marginally more effective than trehalose, consistent with superior pharmaceutical stability of sucrose hGH formulations well below T-g relative to trehalose. We find that density data may be analyzed in terms of free volume changes by evaluation of volume changes on mixing and calculation of apparent specific volumes from the densities. Addition of sucrose to HES decreases free volume, but the effect of trehalose is not detectable above experimental error. Addition of sorbitol or glycerol to HES/trehalose base formulations appears to significantly decrease free volume, consistent with the positive impact of such additions on pharmaceutical stability (i.e., degradation) in the glassy state. Free volume changes, evaluated from density data, fast dynamics amplitude of local motion, and PALS hole size data generally are in qualitative agreement for the HES/disaccharide systems studied. All predict decreasing molecular mobility as disaccharides are added to HES. Global mobility as measured by enthalpy relaxation times, increases as disaccharides, particularly sucrose, are added to HES. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chieng, Norman; Pikal, Michael J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Zhong, Qin] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Ming] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, 69N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM michael.pikal@uconn.edu OI Liu, Ming/0000-0002-4618-9537 FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1] FX We acknowledge funding from NIH/NIBIB under Grant R01 EB006398-01A1. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0939-6411 EI 1873-3441 J9 EUR J PHARM BIOPHARM JI Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 85 IS 2 SI SI BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.036 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 260DI UT WOS:000327574800007 PM 23623797 ER PT J AU Vaz, C Ho, KM Daut, DG Ge, Y AF Vaz, Canute Ho, Ka Mun Daut, David G. Ge, Yao TI Estimation of Communications Channels Using Discrete Wavelet Transform-Based Deconvolution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Wavelet transforms; convolution; deconvolution; fading channel; agile radio ID SEPARATING KERNELS; IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN; MODEL AB In this paper a technique for the deconvolution of signals in the wavelet-domain is presented. It makes use of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) implemented with filter banks, and is based on expressing the convolution of two signals using the Forward Merge Approach for DWT-based convolution. The DWT-based deconvolution technique is then applied to the problem of pilot-based channel estimation, which can be used in the design of wavelet-based agile radio systems. DWT-based deconvolution is first described analytically and is then implemented in MATLAB to validate the theory and evaluate its performance. Monte Carlo simulations of DWT-based deconvolution of transmitted signals from received signals, both known a priori, are performed to estimate channel impulse responses. Transmitted signals are corrupted by Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) resulting in E-b/N-0 ratios ranging from 0 dB to 30 dB. Fast-fading channels with Gaussian and "hilly area" Power Delay Profiles (PDPs) are used, along with four different wavelets for the DWTs. The results of the simulations show that DWT-based deconvolution is a viable technique and its performance in some cases is comparable to direct discrete time-domain deconvolution. C1 [Vaz, Canute] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ho, Ka Mun] Cornell Univ, Cornell Lab Accelerator Based Sci & Educ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Daut, David G.; Ge, Yao] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Vaz, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenvaz@nist.gov; ka-mun.ho@cornell.edu; daut@ece.rutgers.edu; yaoge@eden.rutgers.edu NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 EI 1558-0857 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 61 IS 10 BP 4186 EP 4195 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2012.090513.110272 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 260PG UT WOS:000327606200015 ER PT J AU Rinella, DJ Wipfli, MS Walker, CM Stricker, CA Heintz, RA AF Rinella, Daniel J. Wipfli, Mark S. Walker, Coowe M. Stricker, Craig A. Heintz, Ron A. TI Seasonal persistence of marine-derived nutrients in south-central Alaskan salmon streams SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; aquatic macroinvertebrate; Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma); fatty acid; horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile); Kenai Peninsula; marine-derived nutrients; seasonal persistence; stable isotopes ID RIPARIAN FOREST GROWTH; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SPAWNING SALMON AB Spawning salmon deliver annual pulses of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) to riverine ecosystems around the Pacific Rim leading to increased growth and condition in aquatic and riparian biota. The influence of pulsed resources may last for extended periods of time when recipient food webs have effective storage mechanisms yet few studies have tracked the seasonal persistence of MDN. With this as our goal we sampled stream water chemistry and selected stream and riparian biota spring through fall at 18 stations (in six watersheds) that vary widely in spawner abundance and at nine stations (in three watersheds) where salmon runs were blocked by waterfalls. We then developed regression models that related dissolved nutrient concentrations and biochemical measures of MDN assimilation to localized spawner density across these 27 stations. Stream water ammonium-N and orthophosphate-P concentrations increased with spawner density during the summer salmon runs but responses did not persist into the following fall. The effect of spawner density on delta N-15 in generalist macroinvertebrates and three independent MDN metrics (delta N-15 delta S-34 and omega 3:omega 6 fatty acids) in juvenile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) was positive and similar during each season indicating that MDN levels in biota increased with spawner abundance and were maintained for at least nine months after inputs. Delta N-15 in a riparian plant horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile) and scraper macroinvertebrates did not vary with spawner density in any season suggesting a lack of MDN assimilation by these lower trophic levels. Our results demonstrate the ready assimilation of MDN by generalist consumers and the persistence of this pulsed subsidy in these organisms through the winter and into the next growing season. C1 [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Rinella, Daniel J.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Wipfli, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walker, Coowe M.] Kachemak Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Heintz, Ron A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Rinella, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM djrinella@alaska.edu FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council FX This work was funded by the Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring program, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council. Steve Baird, Ori Badajos, Megan Murphy, and Matt Rogers gave invaluable help in the field. Cayce Gulbransen conducted the stable isotope analyses. Thanks to Matt Rinella, Brandt Meixell, and Jacek Maselko for input on statistical analyses and to Ted Otis, Nicky Szarzi, and David Westerman for help with ADF&G spawner counts. The U.S. Forest Service Forest Health and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve provided laboratory and bunkhouse space in Cooper Landing and Homer, respectively. Thanks to Jeff Falke and two anonymous reviewers for constructive edits and comments. The use of any trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work was conducted under the University of Alaska Fairbanks IACUC protocol number 06-04. NR 95 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD OCT PY 2013 VL 4 IS 10 AR UNSP 122 DI 10.1890/ES13-00112.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257JT UT WOS:000327380400005 ER PT J AU Banerjee, DK AF Banerjee, Dilip K. TI Uncertainties in steel temperatures during fire SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty; Heat transfer model; Monte Carlo method; Fire; Steel; Fire resistance tests ID MEMBER AB In order to determine the fire resistance of steel members, steel temperatures must be estimated with a high confidence. There can be considerable uncertainty in temperatures of both protected and unprotected steels during fire exposure. This is due to uncertainty in the thermal boundary conditions and thermophysical properties. In this study, uncertainties in both unprotected and protected steel temperatures are estimated with the use of a Monte Carlo method in conjunction with a "Lumped Heat Capacity" approach for estimating steel temperatures. Computed data are compared with experimental measurements obtained during Cardington fire tests (bare steel) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) World Trade Center (WTC) tests (protected). Reasonable agreement was achieved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, DK (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Dilip.Banerjee@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 61 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.08.012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 257EF UT WOS:000327365700007 ER PT J AU Capotondi, A AF Capotondi, Antonietta TI ENSO diversity in the NCAR CCSM4 climate model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ENSO diversity ID TONGUE EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WARM POOL; OCEAN; IMPACT; EVENTS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS AB In this study we examine ENSO diversity in a 500 year control simulation of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4), focusing on warm events. Standard and modified Nino3 and Nino4 indices are used to identify different event types. CCSM4 shows a rich diversity of El Nino flavors with characteristics that are comparable to what was found in observations, the SODA 2.0.2/3 ocean reanalysis, and the GFDL CM2.1 model, a climate model whose ENSO characteristics have been extensively analyzed. In agreement with previous studies available in the literature, warm events peaking in the central/western Pacific are characterized by wind stress and precipitation fields confined to the western side of the basin, and show weak or absent recharge/discharge thermocline processes. A heat budget analysis of four different El Nino flavors, peaking at different longitudes, confirms the leading role of the thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks in the Nino3 and Nino4 regions, respectively. However, the growth of events centered further west appears to be controlled by nonlinear zonal advection, a result that differs from what was found in the GFDL CM2.1 model, but that is consistent with some observational evidence. C1 [Capotondi, Antonietta] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Capotondi, Antonietta] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Capotondi, A (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0918042] FX The author thanks Pedro Di Nezio for his invaluable insights on the heat budget analysis. The suggestions provided by two anonymous reviewers have significantly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NSF grant ATM-0918042. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 4755 EP 4770 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20335 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100001 ER PT J AU Bever, AJ Friedrichs, MAM Friedrichs, CT Scully, ME Lanerolle, LWJ AF Bever, Aaron J. Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Scully, Malcolm E. Lanerolle, Lyon W. J. TI Combining observations and numerical model results to improve estimates of hypoxic volume within the Chesapeake Bay, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; hypoxic volume; Chesapeake Bay; dead zone; water quality; dissolved oxygen ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SKILL ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; MODULATION; DYNAMICS; SCIENCE; SYSTEM AB The overall size of the dead zone within the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is quantified by the hypoxic volume (HV), the volume of water with dissolved oxygen (DO) less than 2 mg/L. To improve estimates of HV, DO was subsampled from the output of 3-D model hindcasts at times/locations matching the set of 2004-2005 stations monitored by the Chesapeake Bay Program. The resulting station profiles were interpolated to produce bay-wide estimates of HV in a manner consistent with nonsynoptic, cruise-based estimates. Interpolations of the same stations sampled synoptically, as well as multiple other combinations of station profiles, were examined in order to quantify uncertainties associated with interpolating HV from observed profiles. The potential uncertainty in summer HV estimates resulting from profiles being collected over 2 weeks rather than synoptically averaged approximate to 5 km(3). This is larger than that due to sampling at discrete stations and interpolating/extrapolating to the entire Chesapeake Bay (2.4 km(3)). As a result, sampling fewer, selected stations over a shorter time period is likely to reduce uncertainties associated with interpolating HV from observed profiles. A function was derived that when applied to a subset of 13 stations, significantly improved estimates of HV. Finally, multiple metrics for quantifying bay-wide hypoxia were examined, and cumulative hypoxic volume was determined to be particularly useful, as a result of its insensitivity to temporal errors and climate change. A final product of this analysis is a nearly three-decade time series of improved estimates of HV for Chesapeake Bay. C1 [Bever, Aaron J.; Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M.; Friedrichs, Carl T.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Scully, Malcolm E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lanerolle, Lyon W. J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bever, AJ (reprint author), Delta Modeling Associates Inc, Suite 1074,870 Market St, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM aaron@deltamodeling.com OI Bever, Aaron/0000-0002-2196-0831; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595; Friedrichs, Carl/0000-0002-1810-900X FU IOOS COMT Program through NOAA [NA10NOS0120063, NA11NOS0120141]; NSF [OCE-1061564] FX We would like to thank Ping Wang for providing the CH3D+ICM model output. Wen Long and Raleigh Hood were also invaluable in providing ChesROMS forcing files and guidance on running ChesROMS. Jeni Keisman provided us with the Chesapeake Bay Program interpolator. Two anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the IOOS COMT Program through NOAA grants NA10NOS0120063 and NA11NOS0120141. Additional funding was provided by NSF grant OCE-1061564. This is VIMS contribution 3290. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 4924 EP 4944 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20331 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100013 ER PT J AU Li, YL Han, WQ Shinoda, T Wang, CZ Lien, RC Moum, JN Wang, JW AF Li, Yuanlong Han, Weiqing Shinoda, Toshiaki Wang, Chunzai Lien, Ren-Chieh Moum, James N. Wang, Jih-Wang TI Effects of the diurnal cycle in solar radiation on the tropical Indian Ocean mixed layer variability during wintertime Madden-Julian Oscillations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review DE diurnal cycle; sea surface temperature; Madden-Julian Oscillation; CINDY; DYNAMO ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WARM-POOL; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE SYSTEM; PART I; CONVECTION AB The effects of solar radiation diurnal cycle on intraseasonal mixed layer variability in the tropical Indian Ocean during boreal wintertime Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events are examined using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model. Two parallel experiments, the main run and the experimental run, are performed for the period of 2005-2011 with daily atmospheric forcing except that an idealized hourly shortwave radiation diurnal cycle is included in the main run. The results show that the diurnal cycle of solar radiation generally warms the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) north of 10 degrees S, particularly during the calm phase of the MJO when sea surface wind is weak, mixed layer is thin, and the SST diurnal cycle amplitude (dSST) is large. The diurnal cycle enhances the MJO-forced intraseasonal SST variability by about 20% in key regions like the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR; 55 degrees-70 degrees E, 12 degrees-4 degrees S) and the central equatorial Indian Ocean (CEIO; 65 degrees-95 degrees E, 3 degrees S-3 degrees N) primarily through nonlinear rectification. The model also well reproduced the upper-ocean variations monitored by the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign between September-November 2011. During this period, dSST reaches 0.7 degrees C in the CEIO region, and intraseasonal SST variability is significantly amplified. In the SCTR region where mean easterly winds are strong during this period, diurnal SST variation and its impact on intraseasonal ocean variability are much weaker. In both regions, the diurnal cycle also has a large impact on the upward surface turbulent heat flux Q(T) and induces diurnal variation of Q(T) with a peak-to-peak difference of O(10 W m(-2)). C1 [Li, Yuanlong; Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lien, Ren-Chieh] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Moum, James N.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wang, Jih-Wang] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Campus Box 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yuanlong.li@colorado.edu RI Moum, James/A-1880-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310100]; NSF CAREER Award [0847605] FX Y. Li and W. Han are supported by NOAA NA11OAR4310100 and NSF CAREER Award 0847605. Insightful comments by three anonymous reviewers are very helpful in improving our manuscript. We are grateful for the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CISL for computational support. The buoy measurements for September-November 2011 used in this study are obtained during CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign (http://www.jamstec.go.jp/iorgc/cindy/; http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/dynamo/). We would like to thank Allan Wallcraft for the technical consultation on HYCOM model and Takeshi Izumo for the benefiting discussion. NR 132 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 4945 EP 4964 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20395 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100014 ER PT J AU Kerr, PC Donahue, AS Westerink, JJ Luettich, RA Zheng, LY Weisberg, RH Huang, Y Wang, HV Teng, Y Forrest, DR Roland, A Haase, AT Kramer, AW Taylor, AA Rhome, JR Feyen, JC Signell, RP Hanson, JL Hope, ME Estes, RM Dominguez, RA Dunbar, RP Semeraro, LN Westerink, HJ Kennedy, AB Smith, JM Powell, MD Cardone, VJ Cox, AT AF Kerr, P. C. Donahue, A. S. Westerink, J. J. Luettich, R. A., Jr. Zheng, L. Y. Weisberg, R. H. Huang, Y. Wang, H. V. Teng, Y. Forrest, D. R. Roland, A. Haase, A. T. Kramer, A. W. Taylor, A. A. Rhome, J. R. Feyen, J. C. Signell, R. P. Hanson, J. L. Hope, M. E. Estes, R. M. Dominguez, R. A. Dunbar, R. P. Semeraro, L. N. Westerink, H. J. Kennedy, A. B. Smith, J. M. Powell, M. D. Cardone, V. J. Cox, A. T. TI US IOOS coastal and ocean modeling testbed: Inter-model evaluation of tides, waves, and hurricane surge in the Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review DE storm surge; tides; waves; testbed; hurricane; inundation ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; SURFACE WIND FIELDS; STORM-SURGE; NUMERICAL COMPUTATIONS; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; BOTTOM STRESS; FINITE-VOLUME; TAMPA BAY AB A Gulf of Mexico performance evaluation and comparison of coastal circulation and wave models was executed through harmonic analyses of tidal simulations, hindcasts of Hurricane Ike (2008) and Rita (2005), and a benchmarking study. Three unstructured coastal circulation models (ADCIRC, FVCOM, and SELFE) validated with similar skill on a new common Gulf scale mesh (ULLR) with identical frictional parameterization and forcing for the tidal validation and hurricane hindcasts. Coupled circulation and wave models, SWAN+ADCIRC and WWMII+SELFE, along with FVCOM loosely coupled with SWAN, also validated with similar skill. NOAA's official operational forecast storm surge model (SLOSH) was implemented on local and Gulf scale meshes with the same wind stress and pressure forcing used by the unstructured models for hindcasts of Ike and Rita. SLOSH's local meshes failed to capture regional processes such as Ike's forerunner and the results from the Gulf scale mesh further suggest shortcomings may be due to a combination of poor mesh resolution, missing internal physics such as tides and nonlinear advection, and SLOSH's internal frictional parameterization. In addition, these models were benchmarked to assess and compare execution speed and scalability for a prototypical operational simulation. It was apparent that a higher number of computational cores are needed for the unstructured models to meet similar operational implementation requirements to SLOSH, and that some of them could benefit from improved parallelization and faster execution speed. C1 [Kerr, P. C.; Donahue, A. S.; Westerink, J. J.; Hope, M. E.; Estes, R. M.; Dominguez, R. A.; Dunbar, R. P.; Semeraro, L. N.; Westerink, H. J.; Kennedy, A. B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. [Luettich, R. A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zheng, L. Y.; Weisberg, R. H.; Huang, Y.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wang, H. V.; Teng, Y.; Forrest, D. R.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Roland, A.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Hydraul & Water Resources Engn, Darmstadt, Germany. [Haase, A. T.; Kramer, A. W.; Taylor, A. A.] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rhome, J. R.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Feyen, J. C.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Signell, R. P.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hanson, J. L.] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Smith, J. M.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Powell, M. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Hurricane Res Div, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Cardone, V. J.; Cox, A. T.] Ocean Weather Inc, New Canaan, CT USA. RP Kerr, PC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. EM PCorbittKerr@gmail.com RI Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; OI Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Donahue, Aaron/0000-0002-4710-753X; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 FU NOAA via the U.S. IOOS Office [NA10NOS0120063, NA11NOS0120141]; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX This project was supported by NOAA via the U.S. IOOS Office (award: NA10NOS0120063 and NA11NOS0120141) and was managed by the Southeastern Universities Research Association. In addition, this work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant OCI-1053575. NR 104 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 5129 EP 5172 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20376 PG 44 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100026 ER PT J AU Thomas, AC Mendelssohn, R Weatherbee, R AF Thomas, Andrew C. Mendelssohn, Roy Weatherbee, Ryan TI Background trends in California Current surface chlorophyll concentrations: A state-space view SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; California Current; satellite data; trends; state-space models ID SATELLITE-DERIVED CHLOROPHYLL; EL-NINO; CLIMATE INDEXES; A CONCENTRATION; CURRENT SYSTEM; WIND-STRESS; TIME-SERIES; LONG-TERM; VARIABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON AB State-space models are applied to 13 years of monthly satellite-measured chlorophyll concentrations of the California Current, from British Columbia to Baja California, to isolate the slowly varying background trend from potentially nonstationary seasonal cycles, other higher-frequency cyclical variability, and an irregular plus measurement error signal. Temporal patterns in resulting background trends cluster into four dominant groups, three of which have increasing trends, the strongest of which extends over the coastal upwelling region from southern Oregon to Point Conception, California, and has a mean of 0.118 mg CHL m(-3) decade(-1). Overall, statistically significant increasing trends are observed over 75% of the study area, 20% of the study area had no trend, and 5% showed decreasing chlorophyll. Location-specific trend estimation shows increases are strongest (> 0.2 mg CHL m(-3) decade(-1)) in upwelling areas along the Washington, Oregon and central California coasts, weaker in regions>200 km offshore, and that positive trends are statistically significant over most of the California Current north of approximate to 27 degrees N. Negative trends are evident south of approximate to 31 degrees N off Baja California. These trends remain significant with similar spatial pattern, but lower magnitude, when the 1997-1998 El Nino period is removed from the analysis. State-space models of trends in alongshore wind stress and sea surface temperature over the same period indicate that local mechanisms linked to these chlorophyll trends are not clear. Comparisons of the chlorophyll trends to nonlocal signals, characterized by the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and the Multivariate El Nino Index, map the spatially varying ecological footprint of these basin-scale signals. C1 [Thomas, Andrew C.; Weatherbee, Ryan] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Thomas, AC (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM thomas@maine.edu FU NSF as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Project [OCE-0815051, OCE-0814413] FX We thank M. Di Lorenzo and other co-PIs on the U.S. GLOBEC project POBEX (http://pobex.org) for continuing interaction and many helpful discussions and the NASA Ocean Color group for access to the SeaWiFS data. Martyna Marczak and Victor Gomez provided assistance on the MATLAB implementation of state-space models. Three reviewers provided valuable comments and questions resulting in a clearer presentation. Funding for this work was provided by NSF as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Project with grants to ACT (OCE-0815051 and OCE-0814413). US GLOBEC contribution number 733. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 5296 EP 5311 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20365 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100035 ER PT J AU Manzello, D Enochs, I Musielewicz, S Carlton, R Gledhill, D AF Manzello, Derek Enochs, Ian Musielewicz, Sylvia Carlton, Renee Gledhill, Dwight TI Tropical cyclones cause CaCO3 undersaturation of coral reef seawater in a high-CO2 world SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE climate change; seawater freshening; coral reef erosion; ocean acidification; global warming; calcium carbonate undersaturation ID CARBONATE SATURATION STATE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ISHIGAKI ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FRINGING-REEF; DIOXIDE; WATER; CALCIFICATION; DISSOLUTION; HURRICANES AB Ocean acidification is the global decline in seawater pH and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation state () due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the world's oceans. Acidification impairs CaCO3 shell and skeleton construction by marine organisms. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable, as they are constructed by the CaCO3 skeletons of corals and other calcifiers. We understand relatively little about how coral reefs will respond to ocean acidification in combination with other disturbances, such as tropical cyclones. Seawater carbonate chemistry data collected from two reefs in the Florida Keys before, during, and after Tropical Storm Isaac provide the most thorough data to-date on how tropical cyclones affect the seawater CO2 system of coral reefs. Tropical Storm Isaac caused both an immediate and prolonged decline in seawater pH. Aragonite saturation state was depressed by 1.0 for a full week after the storm impact. Based on current business-as-usual CO2 emissions scenarios, we show that tropical cyclones with high rainfall and runoff can cause periods of undersaturation (<1.0) for high-Mg calcite and aragonite mineral phases at acidification levels before the end of this century. Week-long periods of undersaturation occur for 18 mol % high-Mg calcite after storms by the end of the century. In a high-CO2 world, CaCO3 undersaturation of coral reef seawater will occur as a result of even modest tropical cyclones. The expected increase in the strength, frequency, and rainfall of the most severe tropical cyclones with climate change in combination with ocean acidification will negatively impact the structural persistence of coral reefs. C1 [Manzello, Derek; Enochs, Ian; Carlton, Renee] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Manzello, Derek; Enochs, Ian; Carlton, Renee] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Musielewicz, Sylvia] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gledhill, Dwight] NOAA, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Manzello, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM derek.manzello@noaa.gov RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program and Ocean Acidification Program for funding this research. W. McGillis provided salinity data and J. S. Fajans assisted with field work. D. Graham assisted with seawater CO2 analysis. R. van Hooidonk helped with emission scenarios and A. Sutton provided background information on the effects of tropical cyclones on seawater carbonate chemistry and the MApCO2. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 5312 EP 5321 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20378 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100036 ER PT J AU Zhang, LP Wang, CZ AF Zhang, Liping Wang, Chunzai TI Multidecadal North Atlantic sea surface temperature and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability in CMIP5 historical simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE AMO; AMOC ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; HYDROGRAPHIC DATA; SAHEL RAINFALL; HEAT-TRANSPORT; GLOBAL OCEAN; OSCILLATION; MODEL; FLUX AB In this paper, simulated variability of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and their relationship has been investigated. For the first time, climate models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) provided to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC-AR5) in historical simulations have been used for this purpose. The models show the most energetic variability on the multidecadal timescale band both with respect to the AMO and AMOC, but with a large model spread in both amplitude and frequency. The relationship between the AMO and AMOC in most of the models resembles the delayed advective oscillation proposed for the AMOC on multidecadal timescales. A speed up (slow down) of the AMOC is in favor of generating a warm (cold) phase of the AMO by the anomalous northward (southward) heat transport in the upper ocean, which reversely leads to a weakening (strengthening) of the AMOC through changes in the meridional density gradient after a delayed time of ocean adjustment. This suggests that on multidecadal timescales the AMO and AMOC are related and interact with each other. C1 [Zhang, Liping] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Liping; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Liping.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank three reviewers for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 69 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT PY 2013 VL 118 IS 10 BP 5772 EP 5791 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20390 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000327380100065 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Butry, DT Thomas, DS AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Butry, David T. Thomas, Douglas S. TI Exploiting autoregressive properties to develop prospective urban arson forecasts by target SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hotspot; Intentional fire; Economics; Devil's night; Serial arson ID BROKEN WINDOWS; CRIME; DISORDER; PATTERNS; CITY; DISTANCE AB Municipal fire departments responded to approximately 53,000 intentionally-set fires annually from 2003 to 2007, according to National Fire Protection Association figures. A disproportionate amount of these fires occur in spatio-temporal clusters, making them predictable and, perhaps, preventable. The objective of this research is to evaluate how the aggregation of data across space and target types (residential, non-residential, vehicle, outdoor and other) affects daily arson forecast accuracy for several target types of arson, and the ability to leverage information quantifying the autoregressive nature of intentional firesetting. To do this, we estimate, for the city of Detroit, Michigan, competing statistical models that differ in their ability to recognize potential temporal autoregressivity in the daily count of arson fires. Spatial units vary from Census tracts, police precincts, to citywide. We find that (1) the out-of-sample performance of prospective hotspot models for arson cannot usefully exploit the autoregressive properties of arson at fine spatial scales, even though autoregression is significant in-sample, hinting at a possible bias-variance tradeoff; (2) aggregation of arson across reported targets can yield a model that differs from by-target models; (3) spatial aggregation of data tends to increase forecast accuracy of arson due partly to the ability to account for temporally dynamic firesetting; and (4) arson forecast models that recognize temporal autoregression can be used to forecast daily arson fire activity at the Citywide scale in Detroit. These results suggest a tradeoff between the collection of high resolution spatial data and the use of more sophisticated modeling techniques that explicitly account for temporal correlation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] ARS, Southern Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butry, David T.; Thomas, Douglas S.] NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us; david.butry@nist.gov; douglas.thomas@nist.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 44 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.015 PG 11 WC Geography SC Geography GA 249IE UT WOS:000326770100014 ER PT J AU Misa, WFXE Drazen, JC Kelley, CD Moriwake, VN AF Misa, William F. X. E. Drazen, Jeffrey C. Kelley, Christopher D. Moriwake, Virginia N. TI Establishing species-habitat associations for 4 eteline snappers with the use of a baited stereo-video camera system SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; JUVENILE PINK SNAPPER; PRISTIPOMOIDES-FILAMENTOSUS; UNDERWATER VIDEO; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; RELATIVE DENSITY; DEMERSAL FISH; REEF-FISH; CLASSIFICATION; ARCHIPELAGO AB With the use of a baited stereo-video camera system, this study semiquantitatively defined the habitat associations of 4 species of Lutjanidae: Opakapaka (Pristipomoides filamentosus), Kalekale (P. sieboldii), Onaga (Etelis coruscans), and Ehu (E. carbunculus). Fish abundance and length data from 6 locations in the main Hawaiian Islands were evaluated for species-specific and size-specific differences between regions and habitat types. Multibeam bathymetry and back-scatter were used to classify habitats into 4 types on the basis of substrate (hard or soft) and slope (high or low). Depth was a major influence on bottomfish distributions. Opakapaka occurred at depths shallower than the depths at which other species were observed, and this species showed an ontogenetic shift to deeper water with increasing size. Opakapaka and Ehu had an overall preference for hard substrate with low slope (hard-low), and Onaga was found over both hard-low and hard-high habitats. No significant habitat preferences were recorded for Kalekale. Opakapaka, Kalekale, and Onaga exhibited size-related shifts with habitat type. A move into hard-high environments with increasing size was evident for Opakapaka and Kalekale. Onaga was seen predominantly in hard-low habitats at smaller sizes and in either hard-low or hard-high at larger sizes. These ontogenetic habitat shifts could be driven by reproductive triggers because they roughly coincided with the length at sexual maturity of each species. However, further studies are required to determine causality. No ontogenetic shifts were seen for Ehu, but only a limited number of juveniles were observed. Regional variations in abundance and length were also found and could be related to fishing pressure or large-scale habitat features. C1 [Misa, William F. X. E.; Drazen, Jeffrey C.; Moriwake, Virginia N.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kelley, Christopher D.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Undersea Res Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Misa, WFXE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Res & Monitoring Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wfmisa@hawaii.edu RI Drazen, Jeffrey/C-1197-2013 OI Drazen, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9613-3833 FU State of Hawaii DLNR-DAR; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program FX We would like to thank C. Moore, D. Sackett, and F. De Leo for input on statistical design and testing; C. Demarke, B. Alexander, J. Yeh, J. Friedman, and B. Schumacher for many hours of field operations and video analysis; D. Merritt, K. Wong, and the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center for giving us access to BotCam units; J. Ault, S. Smith, M. Parke, G. DiNardo, and J. Brodziak for assistance with the experimental design; and captains R. Cates (Wailoa) and G. Jones (Red Raven; Huki Pono). This project was funded by the State of Hawaii DLNR-DAR and in part by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 BP 293 EP 308 DI 10.7755/FB.111.4.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251SZ UT WOS:000326952300001 ER PT J AU Porter, SM Bailey, KM AF Porter, Steven M. Bailey, Kevin M. TI Using measurements of muscle cell nuclear RNA with flow cytometry to improve assessment of larval condition of Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FRESH-FROZEN TISSUE; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; TRACHURUS-SYMMETRICUS; FEEDING CONDITIONS; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; DNA-REPLICATION; RNA/DNA RATIOS; CYCLE ANALYSIS; JACK MACKEREL AB Nuclear RNA and DNA in muscle cell nuclei of laboratory-reared larvae of Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) were simultaneously measured through the use of flow cytometry for cell-cycle analysis during 2009-11. The addition of nuclear RNA as a covariate increased by 4% the classification accuracy of a discriminant analysis model that used cell-cycle, temperature, and standard length to measure larval condition, compared with a model without it. The greatest improvement, a 7% increase in accuracy, was observed for small larvae (<6.00 mm). Nuclear RNA content varied with rearing temperature, increasing as temperature decreased. There was a loss of DNA when larvae were frozen and thawed because the percentage of cells in the DNA synthesis cell-cycle phase decreased, but DNA content was stable during storage of frozen tissue. C1 [Porter, Steven M.; Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Porter, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM steve.porter@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [926, 432]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We would like to thank A. Dougherty for collection of Walleye Pollock eggs and her assistance in the laboratory. D. Prunkard at the University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Cytometry Core Facility assisted with flow cytometry. F. Morado, M. Paquin and 3 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This research was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB grant no. 926, publication 432) and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. It is contribution EcoFOCI-0800 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 BP 337 EP 351 DI 10.7755/FB.111.4.4 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251SZ UT WOS:000326952300004 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ Able, KW Vasslides, JM Byrne, DM AF Wuenschel, Mark J. Able, Kenneth W. Vasslides, James M. Byrne, Donald M. TI Habitat and diet overlap of 4 piscivorous fishes: variation on the inner continental shelf off New Jersey SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; TROPHIC RESOURCE OVERLAP; JUVENILE STRIPED BASS; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; SUMMER FLOUNDER; FEEDING ECOLOGY; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY AB Piscivorous fishes, many of which are economically valuable, play an important role in marine ecosystems and have the potential to affect fish and invertebrate populations at lower trophic levels. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of the foraging ecology of piscivores is needed for ecosystem-based fishery management plans to be successful. Abundance and stomach contents of seasonally co-occurring piscivores were examined to determine overlap in resource use for Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus; 206-670 mm total length [TL]), Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis; 80-565 mm TL), Bluefish (Pomatornus saltatrix; 55-732 mm fork length [FL]), and Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis; 422-920 ram FL). We collected samples from monthly, fishery-independent trawl surveys conducted on the inner continental shelf (5-27 m) off New Jersey from June to October 2005. Fish abundances and overlaps in diet and habitat varied over this study period. A wide range of fish and invertebrate prey was consumed by each species. Diet composition (determined from 1997 stomachs with identifiable contents) varied with ontogeny (size) and indicated limited overlap between most of the species size classes examined. Although many prey categories were shared by the piscivores examined, different temporal and spatial patterns in habitat use seemed to alleviate potential competition for prey. Nevertheless, the degree of overlap in both fish distributions and diets increased several-fold in the fall as species left estuaries and migrated across and along the study area. Therefore, the transitional period of fall migration, when fish densities are higher than at other times of the year, may be critical for unraveling resource overlap for these seasonally migrant predators. C1 [Wuenschel, Mark J.; Able, Kenneth W.; Vasslides, James M.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Byrne, Donald M.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Nacote Creek Res Stn, Port Republic, NJ 08241 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mark.wuenschel@noaa.gov FU collaborative Bluefish/Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program of Rutgers University; National Marine Fisheries Service FX This study was funded through a grant from the collaborative Bluefish/Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program of Rutgers University and the National Marine Fisheries Service. The authors thank New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection personnel (L. Barry, A. Mazzarella and S. Reap), the staff at the Rutgers University Marine Field Station and Captain S. Cluett and crew of the RV Seawolf for assistance. The following individuals provided field and laboratory assistance: R. Nichols, M. Greaney, J. Conwell, J. Lamonaca, J. Eppenstiener, and J. Bunkiewicz. B. Smith, S. Rowe, and anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to all of the above. This article is contribution no. 2013-3 from the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 24 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 BP 352 EP 369 DI 10.7755/FB.111.4.5 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251SZ UT WOS:000326952300005 ER PT J AU Drymon, JM Carassou, L Powers, SP Grace, M Dindo, J Dzwonkowski, B AF Drymon, J. Marcus Carassou, Laure Powers, Sean P. Grace, Mark Dindo, John Dzwonkowski, Brian TI Multiscale analysis of factors that affect the distribution of sharks throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CO-INERTIA ANALYSIS; RHIZOPRIONODON-TERRAENOVAE; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TOP PREDATOR; HABITAT USE; GROWTH; BAY; PATTERNS; DECLINES AB Identification of the spatial scale at which marine communities are organized is critical to proper management, yet this is particularly difficult to determine for highly migratory species like sharks. We used shark catch data collected during 2006-09 from fishery-independent bottom-longline surveys, as well as biotic and abiotic explanatory data to identify the factors that affect the distribution of coastal sharks at 2 spatial scales in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Centered principal component analyses (PCAs) were used to visualize the patterns that characterize shark distributions at small (Alabama and Mississippi coast) and large (northern Gulf of Mexico) spatial scales. Environmental data on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth, fish and crustacean biomass, and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration were analyzed with normed PCAs at both spatial scales. The relationships between values of shark catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and environmental factors were then analyzed at each scale with co-inertia analysis (COIA). Results from COIA indicated that the degree of agreement between the structure of the environmental and shark data sets was relatively higher at the small spatial scale than at the large one. CPUE of Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) was related positively with crustacean biomass at both spatial scales. Similarly, CPUE of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) was related positively with chl-a concentration and negatively with DO at both spatial scales. Conversely, distribution of Blacknose Shark (C. acronotus) displayed a contrasting relationship with depth at the 2 scales considered. Our results indicate that the factors influencing the distribution of sharks in the northern Gulf of Mexico are species specific but generally transcend the spatial boundaries used in our analyses. C1 [Drymon, J. Marcus; Powers, Sean P.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Drymon, J. Marcus; Powers, Sean P.; Dindo, John; Dzwonkowski, Brian] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Carassou, Laure] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Grace, Mark] NOAA, Mississippi Labs, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Drymon, JM (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, LSCB-25, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM mdrymon@disl.org RI Carassou, Laure/L-3425-2013; OI Dzwonkowski, Brian/0000-0002-2333-2185 FU Alabama Department of Conservation; Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division FX The authors wish to thank all members of the Fisheries Ecology Laboratory at Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory (DISL), as well as members of the NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center Mississippi Laboratories shark team for the countless hours they spent at sea collecting valuable data. Data from DISL's Fisheries Oceanography of Coastal Alabama research program, which is funded by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, were used to provide ground truth for remotely sensed data from NASA's Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWifs) Project. We wish to thank T. Henwood and E. Hoffmayer from the National Marine Fisheries Service for constructive comments that improved this manuscript. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.7755/FB.111.4.6 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251SZ UT WOS:000326952300006 ER PT J AU Wenzel, FW Polloni, PT Craddock, JE Gannon, DP Nicolas, JR Read, AJ Rosel, PE AF Wenzel, Frederick W. Polloni, Pamela T. Craddock, James E. Gannon, Damon P. Nicolas, John R. Read, Andrew J. Rosel, Patricia E. TI Food habits of Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens) taken in the pelagic drift gillnet fishery of the western North Atlantic SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SWORDFISH XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; FAMILY ZIPHIIDAE; NOVA-SCOTIA; NEW-ENGLAND; WATER; MITOCHONDRIAL; DENSIROSTRIS; NEWFOUNDLAND; STRANDINGS AB We describe the food habits of the Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) from observations of 10 individuals taken as bycatch in the pelagic drift gillnet fishery for Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the western North Atlantic and 1 stranded individual from Kennebunk, Maine. The stomachs of 8 bycaught whales were intact and contained prey. The diet of these 8 whales was dominated by meso- and benthopelagic fishes that composed 98.5% of the prey items found in their stomachs and cephalopods that accounted for only 1.5% of the number of prey. Otoliths and jaws representing at least 31 fish taxa from 15 families were present in the stomach contents. Fishes, primarily from the families Moridae (37.9% of prey), Myctophidae (22.9%), Macrouridae (11.2%), and Phycidae (7.2%), were present in all 8 stomachs. Most prey were from 5 fish taxa: Shortbeard Codling (Laemonema barbatulum) accounted for 35.3% of otoliths, Cocco's Lantern-fish (Lobianchia gemellarii) contributed 12.9%, Marlin-spike (Nezumia bairdii) composed 10.8%, lantern-fishes (Lampanyctus spp.) accounted for 8.4%; and Longfin Hake (Phycis chesteri) contributed 6.7%. The mean number of otoliths per stomach was 1196 (range: 327-3452). Most of the fish prey found in the stomachs was quite small, ranging in length from 4.0 to 27.7 cm. We conclude that the Sowerby's beaked whales that we examined in this study fed on large numbers of relatively small meso- and benthopelagic fishes that are abundant along the slope and shelf break of the western North Atlantic. C1 [Wenzel, Frederick W.; Nicolas, John R.] NOAA, Protected Species Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Polloni, Pamela T.; Craddock, James E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gannon, Damon P.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Protected Resources & Biodivers Div, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Wenzel, FW (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Species Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM frederick.wenzel@noaa.gov FU Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of coauthors James Craddock and John Nicolas, who were instrumental in this study. We thank J. Galbraith, T. Sutton, and the Northeast Fisheries Science Center for providing fish specimens to add to the reference collection; E. Josephson and H. J. Foley for providing maps; B. Hayward and M. Moore for assistance with sorting stomach contents; K. Hartel and C. Kenaley of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, for reference material and additional otolith measurements. We also recognize K. Hartel, D. Waples, F. Serchuk, M. Simpkins, G. Waring, and T. Fenster and 3 anonymous reviewers for the useful comments that helped to improve this manuscript. Our work was made possible by the dedication of observers from NEFOP and the co-operation of pelagic drift net fishermen. We thank our colleagues aboard the Abel-J for their assistance in the field. This work was funded by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 111 IS 4 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.7755/FB.111.4.7 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251SZ UT WOS:000326952300007 ER PT J AU Tchana, FK Ngom, M Perrin, A Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Ndiaye, SA Ngom, EA AF Tchana, F. Kwabia Ngom, M. Perrin, A. Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Ndiaye, S. A. Ngom, El. A. TI Absolute line intensities for oxirane from 1420 to 1560 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Oxirane; C2H4O; Infrared; Fourier transform spectra; Absolute intensities; Transition dipole moments ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PARAMETERS; DATABASE; BANDS AB Absolute individual line intensities of numerous transitions of the fundamental v(2) and v(10) bands of oxirane (ethylene oxide, cyc-C2H4O) have been measured in the 1420-1560 cm(-1) region using seven high-resolution Fourier transform spectra recorded at 0.002 cm(-1) resolution and various pressures. These line intensities were least-squares fit using a theoretical model which takes into account the vibration-rotation interactions linking the upper state rotational levels, and, therefore, accurate rotational expansion of the transition moments of the v(2) and v(10) vibrational bands were derived. Using the coefficients obtained in the fitting, a line list of both bands has been generated. Comparisons with measurements taken at low resolution of the v(2)/v(10) dyad system show excellent agreement. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Ngom, M.; Perrin, A.; Flaud, J. -M.] UPEC, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Ngom, M.; Perrin, A.; Flaud, J. -M.] UPD, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Ngom, M.; Ndiaye, S. A.; Ngom, El. A.] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Ecole Super Polytech, LPAO SF, Dakar, Senegal. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tchana, FK (reprint author), UPEC, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM fridolin.kwabia@lisa.u-pec.fr FU Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle, Ambassade de France a Dakar, Senegal) FX M. Malick NGOM gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle, Ambassade de France a Dakar, Senegal). J.-M. FLAUD thanks the Sensor Science Division for support during a stay at NIST. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 292 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2013.07.006 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 251EE UT WOS:000326909800001 ER PT J AU Jeffries, MO Overland, JE Perovich, DK AF Jeffries, Martin O. Overland, James E. Perovich, Donald K. TI THE ARCTIC shifts to a new normal SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID SEA C1 [Jeffries, Martin O.] US Arct Res Commiss, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Jeffries, Martin O.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Overland, James E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] US Armys Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH USA. RP Jeffries, MO (reprint author), US Arct Res Commiss, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 15 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2013 VL 66 IS 10 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252SY UT WOS:000327031800016 ER PT J AU Sarkar, P Chakrabarti, A AF Sarkar, Prabir Chakrabarti, Amaresh TI A Support for Protocol Analysis for Design Research SO DESIGN ISSUES LA English DT Article ID VERBAL REPORTS; THINKING C1 [Sarkar, Prabir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chakrabarti, Amaresh] Indian Inst Sci IISc, Ctr Prod Design & Mfg, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Chakrabarti, Amaresh] Univ Cambridge, EDC, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0747-9360 EI 1531-4790 J9 DES ISSUES JI Des. Iss. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 70 EP 81 DI 10.1162/DESI_a_00231 PG 12 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA 230SD UT WOS:000325362100007 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM Gronewold, AD Acciaioli, A Cherry, J Steiner, A Watkins, D AF Lofgren, Brent M. Gronewold, Andrew D. Acciaioli, Anthony Cherry, Jessica Steiner, Allison Watkins, David TI Methodological Approaches to Projecting the Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Surface processes; Water resources; Evapotranspiration ID GREAT-LAKES; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CATCHMENT-SCALE; MODEL; WATER; PREDICTION; RUNOFF; CYCLE; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE AB Climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) is expected to have important impacts on water resources, with a variety of societal impacts. Recent research has shown that applying different methodologies to assess hydrologic impacts can lead to widely diverging projections of water resources. The authors classify methods of projecting hydrologic impacts of climate change into those that estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET) based on air temperature and those that estimate PET based on components of the surface energy budget. In general, air temperature-based methods more frequently show reductions in measures of water resources (e.g., water yield or soil moisture) and greater sensitivity than those using energy budget-based methods. There are significant trade-offs between these two methods in terms of ease of use, input data required, applicability to specific locales, and adherence to fundamental physical constraints: namely, conservation of energy at the surface. Issues of uncertainty in climate projections, stemming from imperfectly known future atmospheric GHG concentrations and disagreement in projections of the resultant climate, are compounded by questions of methodology and input data availability for models that connect climate change to accompanying changes in hydrology. In the joint atmospheric-hydrologic research community investigating climate change, methods need to be developed in which the energy and moisture budgets remain consistent when considering their interaction with both the atmosphere and water resources. This approach should yield better results for both atmospheric and hydrologic processes. C1 [Lofgren, Brent M.; Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Acciaioli, Anthony] Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Cherry, Jessica] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Steiner, Allison] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Watkins, David] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM brent.lofgren@noaa.gov RI Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; OI Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; Great Lakes Integrated Science and Assessment Center; JAMSTEC-IARC Collaborative Study; NSF Award [ARC-0909525] FX The authors thank all of the participants at the Workshop on Methods of Projecting Hydrologic Impacts of Climate Change held in August 2012, especially Chris Milly and Dev Niyogi. Support for this workshop was provided by the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, and the Great Lakes Integrated Science and Assessment Center. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved the presentation and overall quality of this paper. Cherry's participation in this effort was supported by the JAMSTEC-IARC Collaborative Study and NSF Award ARC-0909525. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 17 AR 22 DI 10.1175/2013EI000532.1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246ZM UT WOS:000326581000001 ER PT J AU West, JJ Smith, SJ Silva, RA Naik, V Zhang, YQ Adelman, Z Fry, MM Anenberg, S Horowitz, LW Lamarque, JF AF West, J. Jason Smith, Steven J. Silva, Raquel A. Naik, Vaishali Zhang, Yuqiang Adelman, Zachariah Fry, Meridith M. Anenberg, Susan Horowitz, Larry W. Lamarque, Jean-Francois TI Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANCILLARY BENEFITS; OZONE POLLUTION; HUMAN MORTALITY; POLICIES; MODEL; SCENARIOS; EXPOSURE; BURDEN AB Actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions often reduce co-emitted air pollutants, bringing co-benefits for air quality and human health. Past studies(1-6) typically evaluated near-term and local co-benefits, neglecting the long-range transport of air pollutants(7-9), long-term demographic changes, and the influence of climate change on air quality(10-12). Here we simulate the co-benefits of global GHG reductions on air quality and human health using a global atmospheric model and consistent future scenarios, via two mechanisms: reducing co-emitted air pollutants, and slowing climate change and its effect on air quality. We use new relationships between chronic mortality and exposure to fine particulate matter(13) and ozone(14), global modelling methods(15) and new future scenarios(16). Relative to a reference scenario, global GHG mitigation avoids 0.5 +/- 0.2, 1.3 +/- 0.5 and 2.2 +/- 0.8 million premature deaths in 2030, 2050 and 2100. Global average marginal co-benefits of avoided mortality are US$ 50-380 per tonne of CO2, which exceed previous estimates, exceed marginal abatement costs in 2030 and 2050, and are within the low range of costs in 2100. East Asian co-benefits are 10-70 times the marginal cost in 2030. Air quality and health co-benefits, especially as they are mainly local and near-term, provide strong additional motivation for transitioning to a low-carbon future. C1 [West, J. Jason; Silva, Raquel A.; Zhang, Yuqiang; Adelman, Zachariah; Fry, Meridith M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Smith, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Anenberg, Susan] US EPA, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jasonwest@unc.edu RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Zhang, Yuqiang/C-5027-2015; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Zhang, Yuqiang/P-2682-2016 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Zhang, Yuqiang/0000-0002-9161-7086 FU US Environmental Protection Agency STAR [834285]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1 R21 ES022600-01]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/62759/2009]; EPA STAR; National Science Foundation FX This publication was financially supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant #834285, the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant #1 R21 ES022600-01, fellowship SFRH/BD/62759/2009 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (to R.A.S.), and an EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (to M.M.F.). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USEPA or other funding sources. USEPA and other funding sources do not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. We thank the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration for computing resources, L. Emmons for MOZART-4 guidance, and G.Characklis NR 30 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 23 U2 110 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 3 IS 10 BP 885 EP 889 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2009 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 249ZE UT WOS:000326818800013 PM 24926321 ER PT J AU Poloczanska, ES Brown, CJ Sydeman, WJ Kiessling, W Schoeman, DS Moore, PJ Brander, K Bruno, JF Buckley, LB Burrows, MT Duarte, CM Halpern, BS Holding, J Kappel, CV O'Connor, MI Pandolfi, JM Parmesan, C Schwing, F Thompson, SA Richardson, AJ AF Poloczanska, Elvira S. Brown, Christopher J. Sydeman, William J. Kiessling, Wolfgang Schoeman, David S. Moore, Pippa J. Brander, Keith Bruno, John F. Buckley, Lauren B. Burrows, Michael T. Duarte, Carlos M. Halpern, Benjamin S. Holding, Johnna Kappel, Carrie V. O'Connor, Mary I. Pandolfi, John M. Parmesan, Camille Schwing, Franklin Thompson, Sarah Ann Richardson, Anthony J. TI Global imprint of climate change on marine life SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RANGE SHIFTS; CHANGE IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEMS; ATTRIBUTION; FINGERPRINT; PHENOLOGY AB Past meta-analyses of the response of marine organisms to climate change have examined a limited range of locations(1,2), taxonomic groups(2-4) and/or biological responses(5,6). This has precluded a robust overview of the effect of climate change in the global ocean. Here, we synthesized all available studies of the consistency of marine ecological observations with expectations under climate change. This yielded a meta-database of 1,735 marine biological responses for which either regional or global climate change was considered as a driver. Included were instances of marine taxa responding as expected, in a manner inconsistent with expectations, and taxa demonstrating no response. From this database, 81-83% of all observations for distribution, phenology, community composition, abundance, demography and calcification across taxa and ocean basins were consistent with the expected impacts of climate change. Of the species responding to climate change, rates of distribution shifts were, on average, consistent with those required to track ocean surface temperature changes. Conversely, we did not find a relationship between regional shifts in spring phenology and the seasonality of temperature. Rates of observed shifts in species' distributions and phenology are comparable to, or greater, than those for terrestrial systems. C1 [Poloczanska, Elvira S.; Brown, Christopher J.; Richardson, Anthony J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ecosci Precinct, Climate Adaptat Flagship, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. [Brown, Christopher J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Kiessling, Wolfgang] Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Kiessling, Wolfgang] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Palaoumwelt, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Schoeman, David S.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth & Educ, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. [Schoeman, David S.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, ZA-6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Moore, Pippa J.] Edith Cowan Univ, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Res, Perth, WA 6027, Australia. [Moore, Pippa J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [Brander, Keith] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Aqua Ctr Ocean Life, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Bruno, John F.; Buckley, Lauren B.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Duarte, Carlos M.; Holding, Johnna] IMEDEA UIB CSIC, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Dept Global Change Res, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Kappel, Carrie V.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [O'Connor, Mary I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Australian Res Council, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Texas Austin, Patterson Labs 141, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Schwing, Franklin] NOAA, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richardson, Anthony J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Poloczanska, ES (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ecosci Precinct, Climate Adaptat Flagship, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. EM elvira.poloczanska@csiro.au RI Burrows, Michael/D-9844-2013; Brown, Christopher/G-4287-2011; O'Connor, Mary/F-2275-2010; Richardson, Anthony/B-3649-2010; Poloczanska, Elvira/F-4366-2014; poloczanska, elvira/P-5356-2014; Kiessling, Wolfgang/E-2259-2015; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; OI Moore, Pippa/0000-0002-9889-2216; Burrows, Michael/0000-0003-4620-5899; Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-7271-4091; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; Schoeman, David/0000-0003-1258-0885; Kappel, Carrie/0000-0003-2507-8042 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California FX This work was conducted as a part of the Understanding Marine Biological Impacts of Climate Change Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a centre funded by NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. NR 27 TC 254 Z9 258 U1 52 U2 342 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 3 IS 10 BP 919 EP 925 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1958 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 249ZE UT WOS:000326818800020 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Attenkofer, K Bohon, J Muller, E Smedley, J AF Ravel, B. Attenkofer, K. Bohon, J. Muller, E. Smedley, J. TI Diamond sensors and polycapillary lenses for X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; OPTICS; MICROSCOPY; DETECTOR; RANGE AB Diamond sensors are evaluated as incident beam monitors for X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments. These single crystal devices pose a challenge for an energy-scanning experiment using hard X-rays due to the effect of diffraction from the crystalline sensor at energies which meet the Bragg condition. This problem is eliminated by combination with polycapillary lenses. The convergence angle of the beam exiting the lens is large compared to rocking curve widths of the diamond. A ray exiting one capillary from the lens meets the Bragg condition for any reflection at a different energy from the rays exiting adjacent capillaries. This serves to broaden each diffraction peak over a wide energy range, allowing linear measurement of incident intensity over the range of the energy scan. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure data are measured with a combination of a polycapillary lens and a diamond incident beam monitor. These data are of comparable quality to data measured without a lens and with an ionization chamber monitoring the incident beam intensity. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ravel, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Attenkofer, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bohon, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Muller, E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. [Smedley, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bravel@bnl.gov FU U S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics [DE-FG02-12ER41837] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-FG02-12ER41837. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 84 IS 10 AR 103106 DI 10.1063/1.4824350 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 247TS UT WOS:000326645300007 PM 24182100 ER PT J AU Nagy, A Hollingsworth, JA Hu, B Steinbruck, A Stark, PC Valdez, CR Vuyisich, M Stewart, MH Atha, DH Nelson, BC Iyer, R AF Nagy, Amber Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. Hu, Bin Steinbrueck, Andrea Stark, Peter C. Valdez, Cristina Rios Vuyisich, Momchilo Stewart, Michael H. Atha, Donald H. Nelson, Bryant C. Iyer, Rashi TI Functionalization-Dependent Induction of Cellular Survival Pathways by CdSe Quantum Dots in Primary Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE genotoxicity; nanomaterials; quantum dots; cytotoxicity; metallothioneins ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DNA-DAMAGE; RNA-SEQ; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; DOWN-REGULATION; WISTAR RATS; NANOPARTICLES; EXPRESSION; BRCA1; CYTOTOXICITY AB Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals exhibiting unique optical properties that can be exploited for many practical applications ranging from photovoltaics to biomedical imaging and drug delivery. A significant number of studies have alluded to the cytotoxic potential of these materials, implicating Cd-leaching as the causal factor. Here, we investigated the role of heavy metals in biological responses and the potential of CdSe-induced genotoxicity. Our results Indicate that, while negatively charged QDs are relatively noncytotoxic compared to positively charged QDs, the same does not hold true for their genotoxic potential. Keeping QD core composition and size constant, 3 nm CdSe QD cores were functionalized with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or cysteamine (CYST), resulting in negatively or positively charged surfaces, respectively. CYST-QDs were found to induce significant cytotoxicity accompanied by DNA strand breakage. However, MPA-QDs, even in the absence of cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species formation, also induced a high number of DNA strand breaks. QD-induced DNA damage was confirmed by identifying the presence of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) in the nuclei of exposed cells and subsequent diminishment of p53 from cytoplasmic cellular extracts. Further, high-throughput real-time PCR analyses revealed upregulation of DNA damage and response genes and several proinflammatory cytokine genes. Most importantly, transcriptome sequencing revealed upregulation of the metallothionein family of genes In cells exposed to MPA-QDs but not CYST-QDs. These data indicate that cytotoxic assays must be supplemented with genotoxic analyses to better understand cellular responses and the full impact of nanoparticle exposure when making recommendations with regard to risk assessment. C1 [Nagy, Amber; Hu, Bin; Vuyisich, Momchilo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.; Steinbrueck, Andrea] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stark, Peter C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Valdez, Cristina Rios] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Atha, Donald H.; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iyer, Rashi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Def Syst & Anal Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iyer, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Def Syst & Anal Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rashi@lanl.gov RI Dennis, Allison/A-7654-2014 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory LORD-DR program; NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM084702-01]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Cosby Lindquist for his assistance with figure presentation. We also thank Patrick Chain and Frances Hundley, members of Los Alamos National Laboratory's Genome Science group, a branch of the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute, for their excellence in transcriptomics. We are appreciative of Dr. Norman Doggett, Priya Dig he, and Melinda Wren of Los Alamos National Laboratory for the use of the BioMark high-throughput real-time PCR system. This work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory LORD-DR program. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility; J.A.H. also acknowledges partial support by NIH-NIGMS Grant 1R01GM084702-01. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this paper to specify an experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does the identification of particular equipment or materials imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, Instruments, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2013 VL 7 IS 10 BP 8397 EP 8411 DI 10.1021/nn305532k PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 242AF UT WOS:000326209100011 PM 24007210 ER PT J AU Harvey, HR Sigler, MF AF Harvey, H. Rodger Sigler, Michael F. TI An introduction to the Bering Sea Project: Volume II SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE; SHELF; SEDIMENTS; ICE; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; EMMONAK C1 [Harvey, H. Rodger] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Harvey, HR (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rharvey@odu.edu; Mike.Sigler@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 2 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.023 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600001 ER PT J AU Hermann, AJ Gibson, GA Bond, NA Curchitser, EN Hedstrom, K Cheng, W Wang, MY Stabeno, PJ Eisner, L Cieciel, KD AF Hermann, Albert J. Gibson, Georgina A. Bond, Nicholas A. Curchitser, Enrique N. Hedstrom, Kate Cheng, Wei Wang, Muyin Stabeno, Phyllis J. Eisner, Lisa Cieciel, Kristin D. TI A multivariate analysis of observed and modeled biophysical variability on the Bering Sea shelf: Multidecadal hindcasts (1970-2009) and forecasts (2010-2040) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE USA; Alaska; Bering Sea; Modeling ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; SKILL ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; IMPACTS; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; SYSTEM AB Coupled physical/biological models can be used to downscale global climate change to the ecology of subarctic regions, and to explore the bottom-up and top-down effects of that change on the spatial structure of subarctic ecosystems-for example, the relative dominance of large vs. small zooplanlcton in relation to ice cover. Here we utilize a multivariate statistical approach to extract the emergent properties of a coupled physical/biological hindcast of the Bering Sea for years 1970-2009, which includes multiple episodes of warming and cooling (e.g. the recent cooling of 2005-2009), and a multidecadal regional forecast of the coupled models, driven by an IPCC global model forecast of 2010-2040. Specifically, we employ multivariate empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to derive the spatial covariance among physical and biological timeseries from our simulations. These are compared with EOFs derived from spatially gridded measurements of the region, collected during multiyear field programs. The model replicates observed relationships among temperature and salinity, as well as the observed inverse correlation between temperature and large crustacean zooplankton on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. Predicted future warming of the shelf is accompanied by a northward shift in both pelagic and benthic biomass. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hermann, Albert J.; Bond, Nicholas A.; Cheng, Wei; Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gibson, Georgina A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Curchitser, Enrique N.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hedstrom, Kate] Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA PMEL, Ocean Environm Res Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eisner, Lisa; Cieciel, Kristin D.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hermann, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM albert.j.hermann@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]; NSF sponsored Bering Sea Ecosystem Study (BEST) program [NSF-0732534]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [B52, B70]; NOAA; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [96] FX This research is contribution no. 3939 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and contribution ecoFOCI-0798 to NOAA's Ecosystems Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution no. 2100. The research was generously supported by grants from the NSF sponsored Bering Sea Ecosystem Study (BEST) program (NSF-0732534), the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) sponsored Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP projects B52 and B70) and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity programs. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 96 and NPRB publication number 418. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.007 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600011 ER PT J AU Siddon, EC Heintz, RA Mueter, FJ AF Siddon, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Ron A. Mueter, Franz J. TI Conceptual model of energy allocation in walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from age-0 to age-1 in the southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma); Larval fish; Bering Sea; Bioenergetics; Energy allocation; Recruitment ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; WINTER MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY; ALASKA; SIZE AB Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) support the largest commercial fishery in the United States and are an ecologically important component of the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS) pelagic ecosystem. Alternating climate states influence the survival of walleye pollock through bottom-up control of zooplankton communities and possible top-down control of predator abundance. Quantifying the seasonal progression and spatial trends in energy content of walleye pollock provides critical information for predicting overwinter survival and recruitment to age-1 because age-0 walleye pollock rely on energy reserves to survive their first winter. Age-0 and age-1 walleye pollock were collected in the SEBS from May to September 2008-2010. Energetic status was determined through quantification of energy density (Wig) and proximate composition (i.e., % lipid, % moisture) with variation in energy density primarily driven by variability in % lipid. Energy densities remained relatively low during the larval phase in spring, consistent with energy allocation to somatic growth and development. Lipid acquisition rates increased rapidly after transformation to the juvenile form (25-40 mm standard length), with energy allocation to lipid storage leading to higher energy densities in late summer. This transition in energy allocation strategies is a physiological manifestation of survival constraints associated with distinct ontogenetic stages; a strategy favoring growth to escape size-dependent predation appears limited to larval development while juvenile fish allocate proportionally more mass to lipid storage in late summer. We propose that the time after the end of larval development and before the onset of winter represents a short critical period for energy storage in age-0 walleye pollock, and that overwinter survival depends on accumulating sufficient stores the previous growing season and consequently may be an important determinant of recruitment success. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Siddon, Elizabeth C.; Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Heintz, Ron A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Siddon, EC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ecsiddon@alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP); NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program (NPCREP); BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [67] FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ships Miller Freeman and Oscar Dyson, the USCG vessel Healy, and the R/Vs Knorr (WHOI) and Thompson (UW). Funding was provided through the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (BSIERP) and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity Program (NPCREP). NOAA's EcoFOCI, MACE, and BASIS programs kindly conducted additional sampling for this project. We thank Dr. Thomas Hurst, Dr. Matthew Wilson, and one anonymous reviewer for providing helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript This research is NPRB publication #360 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project #67. Fig. 1 courtesy of Ross Parnell-Turner, University of Cambridge. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NMFS, NOAA. NR 64 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.12.007 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600012 ER PT J AU Heintz, RA Siddon, EC Farley, EV Napp, JM AF Heintz, Ron A. Siddon, Elizabeth C. Farley, Edward V., Jr. Napp, Jeffrey M. TI Correlation between recruitment and fall condition of age-0 pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the eastern Bering Sea under varying climate conditions SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pollock; Bering Sea; Recruitment; Climate change; Winter; Prey quality ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; WALLEYE POLLOCK; WINTER MORTALITY; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH; SIZE; SALMON; TEMPERATURE; ALASKA AB Fishery managers require an understanding of how climate influences recruitment if they are to separate the effects of fishing and climate on production. The southeastern Bering Sea offers opportunities to understand climate effects on recruitment because inter-annual oscillations in ice coverage set up warm or cold conditions for juvenile fish production. Depth-averaged temperature anomalies in the Bering Sea indicate the past nine years have included three warm (2003-2005), an average (2006), and five cold (2007-2011) years. We examined how these climatic states influenced the diet quality and condition (size, energy density and total energy) of young-of-the-year (YOY) pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in fall. The implications of fall condition were further examined by relating condition prior to winter to the number of age-1 recruits-per-spawner the following summer (R/S). The percentage of lipid in pollock diets was threefold higher in cold years compared with warm years, but stomach fullness did not vary. Consequently, fish energy densities were 33% higher in cold years (P < 0.001) than in warm years. In contrast, neither fish size (P=0.666), nor total energy (P=0.197) varied with climatic condition. However, total energy was significantly (P=0.007) and positively correlated with R/S (R-2=0.736). We conclude that recruitment to age-1 in the southeastern Bering Sea is improved under environmental conditions that produce large, energy dense YOY pollock in fall. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heintz, Ron A.; Farley, Edward V., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Siddon, Elizabeth C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Heintz, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ron.heintz@noaa.gov FU NSF [OPP-0327308] FX We thank all of the people involved in collecting and sorting the samples used in this study. This includes the crews of numerous vessels. In addition it includes numerous students that have helped to sort, prepare and process samples in the laboratory. Collection of summer 2004 prey samples was supported by NSF Grant OPP-0327308 (to G.L. Hunt, Jr.) and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) research program. This research is contribution NPRB 414, BEST-BSIERP 93, and EcoFOCI-0797 to NOAA's NPCREP Program. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and even though NOAA reviewed the work and paid our salaries the views here do not represent those of NMFS or NOAA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.006 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600013 ER PT J AU Wilderbuer, T Stockhausen, W Bond, N AF Wilderbuer, Thomas Stockhausen, William Bond, Nicholas TI Updated analysis of flatfish recruitment response to climate variability and ocean conditions in the Eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Advection; Flatfish; Recruitment; Climate changes ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ENVIRONMENT; JELLYFISH; CRITERIA; PACIFIC; MODEL AB This study provides a retrospective analysis of the relationship between physical oceanography, biology and recruitment of three Eastern Bering Sea flatfish stocks: flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon), northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) during the period 1978-2005. Stock assessment model estimates of recruitment and spawning stock size indicate that temporal patterns in productivity are consistent with decadal scale (or shorter) patterns in climate variability, which may influence marine survival during the early life history phases. Density-dependence (through spawning stock size) was statistically significant in a Ricker stock-recruit model of flatfish recruitment that included environmental terms. Wind-driven advection of northern rock sole and flathead sole larvae to favorable nursery grounds was found to coincide with years of above-average recruitment. Ocean forcing of Bristol Bay surface waters during springtime was mostly on-shelf (eastward) during the 1980s and again in the early 2000s, but was off-shelf (westerly) during the 1990s, corresponding with periods of good and poor recruitment, respectively. Finally, the Arctic Oscillation was found to be an important indicator of arrowtooth flounder productivity. Model results were applied to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) future springtime wind scenarios to predict the future impact of climate on northern rock sole productivity and indicated that a moderate future increase in recruitment might be expected because the climate trends favor on-shelf transport but that density-dependence will dampen this effect such that northern rock sole abundance will not be substantially affected by climate change. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wilderbuer, Thomas; Stockhausen, William] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management REFM Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Bond, Nicholas] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wilderbuer, T (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management REFM Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM tom.wilderbuer@noaa.gov FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [69] FX The authors thank Jim Ianelli for his assistance in coding the population dynamics projection model and Neal Williamson, Paul Spencer, James Lee, Mike Sigler and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of the manuscript This manuscript has been assigned NPRB no. 365 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project no. 69. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.021 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600014 ER PT J AU Vincenzi, S Mangel, M AF Vincenzi, Simone Mangel, Marc TI Linking food availability, body growth and survival in the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla; Patch dynamics; Nestling growth; Fledging age ID EMPEROR PENGUIN POPULATION; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; POSTFLEDGING SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RESPONSES; SIZE; CONSEQUENCES; CHICKS; RATES AB Population dynamics of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in Bering Sea colonies are likely to increasingly experience climate-induced changes in the physical environment. Since adult kittiwakes are central place foragers with high energy requirements, increased variability of forage patch dynamics, as predicted for polar regions, may influence both quantity and quality of food available and consequently alter the population dynamics of kittiwake colonies. Here, we describe, conceptualize, and model the effects of environment and energy resources on kittiwake growth, fledging age (from 35 to 50 days) and survival from hatching up to first breeding (post-hatching productivity). For our life-history model, we use a von Bertalanffy growth function for body growth in mass. We model nestling mortality as a function of somatic growth, in order to account for oxidative damage and trade-offs in the allocation of resources, and energy available, since low food availability increases the risk of chicks' starvation and predation risk. In the case of a good environment (i.e., high food availability), the best strategy (i.e., highest post-hatching productivity) is to grow fast (about 18.6 g d(-1)) and to spend a moderately long time in the nest (up to 45 days), while in the case of a poor environment the best strategy is to grow fast (about 18 g d(-1)) and leave the nest soon (35-40 days). Different ages at first breeding do not change the optimal strategies. We discuss the implications of optimal growth strategy in terms of evolution of life histories in kittiwakes and how our work, coupled with models of post-breeding survival and reproductive dynamics, could lead to the development of a full life-history model and the exploration of future evolutionary trajectories for traits like body growth and age at first breeding. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vincenzi, Simone] MRAG Amer, Capitola, CA 95010 USA. [Vincenzi, Simone; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Vincenzi, Simone; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [90]; North Pacific Research Board (BEST-BSIERP) [B74]; Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR); NSF [EF-0924195] FX BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 90 NPRB publication number 409. This work was supported by funding from the North Pacific Research Board (BEST-BSIERP project B74) and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research (CSTAR), a partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz and the University of California Santa Cruz and partially supported by NSF grant EF-0924195 to MM. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.029 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600017 ER PT J AU Smart, TI Siddon, EC Duffy-Anderson, JT AF Smart, T. I. Siddon, E. C. Duffy-Anderson, J. T. TI Vertical distributions of the early life stages of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Theragra chalcogramma; Vertical distribution; Bering Sea; Walleye pollock ID GULF-OF-ALASKA; SHELIKOF STRAIT; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MIGRATION BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN GULF; MARINE FISH; LARVAE; ZOOPLANKTON; SHELF AB The present study examines vertical distributions of the early life stages of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Southeastern Bering Sea to assess ontogenetic and diel vertical migration in relation to development and habitat. Walleye pollock demonstrated a decrease in the depth of occurrence following hatching, indicating an ontogenetic change in vertical distribution. Eggs occurred deepest in the water column and early juveniles occurred shallowest. Vertical distributions were related to the date of collection, water column depth, and thermocline depth. Non-feeding stages (eggs and yolksac larvae, <4.5 mm standard length [SL]) did not exhibit diel vertical migration. Feeding larvae exhibited diel vertical migration, although patterns varied between two feeding stages. Preflexion stage larvae (4.5-9.9 mm SL) were concentrated between 10 and 20 m during the day and deeper at night. Postflexion stage larvae (flexion and postflexion, 10.0-24.5 mm SL) underwent regular diel migrations (0-20 m, night; 10-40 m, day). Low sample sizes limited our ability to assess diel vertical migration in early juveniles, but this stage tends to occur in the upper 20 m of the water column, regardless of time of day. These results suggest that vertical distributions and diel migration potentially are driven by prey availability at sufficient light levels for preflexion larvae to feed and a trade-off between prey access and predation risk for postflexion larvae. Vertical distributions of eggs and preflexion larvae varied with habitat examined (on the continental shelf versus over the continental slope). Vertical distributions of walleye pollock eggs, yolksac larvae, and preflexion larvae in the Bering Sea are different from distributions in other ecosystems, which can impact transport and modeling efforts. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smart, T. I.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Siddon, E. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, J. T.] NOAA Fisheries, RACE Div, Recruitment Proc Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Smart, TI (reprint author), Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. EM smartt@dnr.sc.gov FU Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research program (BSIERP) of the North Pacific Research Board; North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration FX Thanks to the members of NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI) who were involved in the collection and processing of the ichthyoplankton samples. This research was supported by the Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research program (BSIERP) of the North Pacific Research Board and the North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. This paper is EcoFOCI Contribution no. N754-RAOA-N789, BEST-BSIERP Publication no. 89, and NPRB Publication no. 407. We appreciate comments by Jeffrey Napp, Morgan Busby, Thomas Hurst, and three anonymous reviewers. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.030 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600018 ER PT J AU Parker-Stetter, SL Horne, JK Farley, EV Barbee, DH Andrews, AG Eisner, LB Nomura, JM AF Parker-Stetter, Sandra L. Horne, John K. Farley, Edward V. Barbee, David H. Andrews, Alexander G., III Eisner, Lisa B. Nomura, Jennifer M. TI Summer distributions of forage fish in the eastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Forage fish; Walleye pollock; Pacific cod; Capelin; Distribution ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; SITU TARGET STRENGTH; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; SHELF; JELLYFISH; ALASKA AB Juvenile and small adult fish, typically called forage fish, are an important but poorly studied part of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) ecosystem. Acoustic and trawl data from a non-target survey were used to evaluate distributions of capelin (Mallotus villosus), age-0 Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), and age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma, herein pollock) in 2006-2010. Within the surface zone (15 m to similar to 35 m, evaluated 2006-2010), capelin occurred throughout the EBS but primarily in the middle shelf. Capelin were also present in the midwater zone (similar to 35 m to 0.5 m off-bottom) in both 2009 and 2010 (evaluated 2009-2010), and resulted in water column zone (15 m to 0.5 m off-bottom) distributions that differed from surface zone characterizations. Age-0 Pacific cod occurred primarily in the surface zone of the middle and outer shelf regions in all years. As midwater and surface zone age-0 Pacific cod were often coincident, water column zone distributions in 2009-2010 were similar to surface zone distributions. Age-0 pollock were found in the EBS surface zone in all years, primarily in the middle and outer shelf regions. High densities of age-0 pollock occurred in the midwater zone in 2006-2007 and 2009-2010. Water column zone distributions of age-0 pollock were similar to surface zone distributions in 2006-2007, but differed in 2009-2010 due to low numbers of age-0 pollock in the surface zone and presence of high densities in the midwater zone of the outer shelf region. While general patterns in capelin distribution in the surface zone were similar between the present and the previous studies, the acoustic-trawl characterization suggested that capelin densities were high in the middle shelf region. As expected, surface zone distributions of age-0 Pacific cod and age-0 pollock were similar to previous characterizations. Observed high densities of midwater age-0 pollock have not been described by previous studies. Annual abundance indices based on bottom or surface trawl data alone will not be sufficient in all years. Data and conclusions from non-target surveys may be constrained compared to dedicated survey efforts, but can provide baseline distributions, potential abundance indices, and insight for planning future research. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker-Stetter, Sandra L.; Horne, John K.; Barbee, David H.; Nomura, Jennifer M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Farley, Edward V.; Andrews, Alexander G., III; Eisner, Lisa B.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Parker-Stetter, SL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM slps@uw.edu; jhorne@uw.edu; ed.farley@noaa.gov; binkt@uw.edu; alex.andrews@noaa.gov; lisa.eisner@noaa.gov; jmnomura@uw.edu FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [97] FX The authors thank the Chief Scientists, scientific staff, Captains, and crews on the Epic Explorer, Northwest Explorer, Sea Storm, and the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson during 2006-2010. We also thank the NOAA-MACE program (Seattle, WA) for use of equipment and software during 2008-2010 and for providing calibration data for scientific echosounders. The NOAA-FEDZ Laboratory (Juneau, AK) is gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in species identification. We thank Jeff Napp (NOAA), Alex De Robertis (NOAA) and four anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the final product. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This paper is NPRB publication number 420 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 97. NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 211 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.022 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600019 ER PT J AU Kotwicki, S Lauth, RR AF Kotwicki, Stan Lauth, Robert R. TI Detecting temporal trends and environmentally-driven changes in the spatial distribution of bottom fishes and crabs on the eastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Spatial distribution; Population shift; Cold pool; Bottom fish; Crab; Bering Sea shelf ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRAWL SURVEY; ICE COVER; CONSEQUENCES; VARIABILITY; CONSISTENCY; MERLUCCIUS; MIGRATION AB This study uses a 30-year time series of standardized bottom trawl survey data (1982-2011) from the eastern Bering Sea shelf to model patterns of summer spatial distribution for various bottom fishes and crabs in response to changes in the areal extent of the cold pool, time lag between surveys, and fluctuations in population abundance. This investigation is the first to include data for the 2006-2010 cold period and to use between-year comparisons of local and shelf-wide spatial indices to test specific responses to three different isothermal boundaries within the cold pool. Distributional shifts in population varied considerably among species and directional vectors for some species were greater in magnitude to the east or west than to the north or south; however, in general, eastern Bering Sea shelf populations shifted southward in response to the increasing cold pool size, and after accounting for differences in temperature and population abundance, there was still a temporal northward shift in populations over the last three decades despite the recent cooling trend. Model results for local and shelf-wide indices showed that survey time lag and cold pool extent had a greater effect on spatial distribution than population abundance, suggesting that density-independent mechanisms play a major role in shaping distribution patterns on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. The area enclosed by the 1 degrees C isotherm most commonly affects both local and shelf-wide spatial indices suggesting that 1 degrees C is a more important boundary for describing temperature preferences of eastern Bering Sea bottom fishes and crabs than is the 2 degrees C isotherm used for designating the physical boundary for the cold pool. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kotwicki, Stan; Lauth, Robert R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kotwicki, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Stan.Kotwicki@noaa.gov FU BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea project [80] FX We thank the legions of people for their extraordinary efforts to create and maintain the eastern Bering Sea shelf bottom trawl survey time series. This includes survey gear specialists, data managers, survey support and administrative staff, captains and crews of chartered fishing vessels, and most important, survey participants from within our own ranks at the AFSC, as well as scores of others representing too many organizations to list. We also thank Matt Baker, Dan Nichol, Dave Somerton, Paul Spencer, Paul von Szalay, Duane Stevenson, and four anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This is BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea project publication number 80 and NPRB publication number 395. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.017 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600020 ER PT J AU Friday, NA Zerbini, AN Waite, JM Moore, SE Clapham, PJ AF Friday, Nancy A. Zerbini, Alexandre N. Waite, Janice M. Moore, Sue E. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Cetacean distribution and abundance in relation to oceanographic domains on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, June and July of 2002, 2008, and 2010 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Cetacean; Distribution; Eastern Bering Sea shelf; Spatial variations; Temporal variations ID ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; RESPONSIVE MOVEMENT; HUMPBACK WHALES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INNER FRONT; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; EUPHAUSIIDS; LINKAGES; DYNAMICS AB As part of the Bering Sea Project, cetacean surveys were conducted to describe distribution and estimate abundance on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. Three marine mammal observers conducted visual surveys along transect lines sampled during the Alaska Fisheries Science Center walleye pollock assessment survey in June and July of 2008 and 2010. Distribution and abundance in 2008 and 2010 (cold years) are compared with results from a similar survey conducted in 2002 (a warm year), as the only three years that the entire survey area was sampled; patterns largely match those previously observed. Abundance estimates for comparable areas in 2002, 2008 and 2010 were as follows: humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae): 231 (CV=0.63), 436 (CV=0.45), and 675 (CV=0.80); fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus): 419 (CV=0.33), 1368 (CV=0.34), and 1061 (CV=0.38); minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata): 389 (CV=0.52), 517 (CV=0.69), and 2020 (CV=0.73); Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli): 35,303 (CV=0.53), 14,543 (CV=0.32), and 11,143 (CV=0.32); and harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): 1971 (CV=0.46), 4056 (CV=0.40), and 833 (CV=0.66). It should be noted that these abundance estimates are not corrected for biases due to perception, availability, or responsive movement. Estimates for humpback, fin and minke whales increased from 2002 to 2010, while those for harbor and Dall's porpoise decreased; trends were significant for fin whales. It is likely that changes in estimated abundance are due at least in part to shifts in distribution and not just changes in overall population size. Annual abundance estimates were examined by oceanographic domain. Humpback whales were consistently concentrated in coastal waters north of Unimak Pass. Fin whales were broadly distributed in the outer domain and slope in 2008 and 2010, but sightings were sparse in 2002. Minke whales were distributed throughout the study area in 2002 and 2008, but in 2010 they were concentrated in the outer domain and slope. In 2002, Dall's porpoise were sighted on the western edge of the middle domain and in the outer domain and slope, but shifted west out of the middle domain in 2008 and 2010. In 2002 and 2008, harbor porpoise were consistently found in the middle domain with scattered sightings in the outer domain and slope. In 2010, there was a multi-species aggregation between Navarin and Pervenets canyons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Friday, Nancy A.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Waite, Janice M.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Ecosyst Div, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Friday, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Nancy.Friday@noaa.gov; Alex.Zerbini@noaa.gov; Janice.Waite@noaa.go; Sue.Moore@noaa.gov; Phillip.Clapham@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 FU NOAA/AFSC/NMML; North Pacific Research Board; BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project [70] FX We thank Patti Haase, Amy Kennedy, Doug Kinzey, Ernesto Vazquez Morquecho, Laura Morse, Stephanie Norman, Paula Olson, Desray Reeb, Kim Valentine, Bridget Watts, and Suzanne Yin for their expertise and dedication during the long hours of visual survey. We greatly appreciate the extra effort of the observers who acted as cetacean cruise leaders: Norman and Kinzey in 2002, Yin and Morse in 2008 and Yin and Olson in 2010. We also thank Gary Stauffer, former RACE Division Director, and Russell E. Nelson, Jr., current RACE Division Director, who graciously provided ship access and encouragement, without which there would be no data. The flexibility and assistance of the captains and crew of the NOAA ship Miller Freeman and NOAA ship Oscar Dyson contributed to the success of this research. AFSC survey Chief Scientists Alex DeRobertis, Taina Honkalehto, Paul Walline, and Neal Williamson allowed cetacean research opportunities when practical. Thanks also to the entire RACE scientific crew for their flexibility and support. The thoughtful reviews of Megan Ferguson and Ivonne Ortiz are greatly appreciated. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA/AFSC/NMML in 2002 and the North Pacific Research Board in 2008 and 2010. This research was conducted under MMPA Permit nos. 782-1438 and 782-1719 issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service. This is NPRB publication number 368 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication number 70. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of NOAA. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 244 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.011 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600021 ER PT J AU Huntington, HP Braem, NM Brown, CL Hunn, E Krieg, TM Lestenkof, P Noongwook, G Sepez, J Sigler, MF Wiese, FK Zavadil, P AF Huntington, Henry P. Braem, Nicole M. Brown, Caroline L. Hunn, Eugene Krieg, Theodore M. Lestenkof, Pamela Noongwook, George Sepez, Jennifer Sigler, Michael F. Wiese, Francis K. Zavadil, Philip TI Local and traditional knowledge regarding the Bering Sea ecosystem: Selected results from five indigenous communities SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Local and traditional knowledge; Alaska Natives; Subsistence; Hunting; Fishing ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; ST-LAWRENCE ISLAND; LEAST AUKLETS; SHELF; IMPACTS; PHYSICS; ALASKA; WARM AB We documented local and traditional knowledge (LTK) about the Bering Sea ecosystem through interviews with Alaska Native elders, hunters, and fishers in the coastal communities of Akutan, St. Paul, Togiak, Emmonak, and Savoonga. Their observations describe a complex and changing ecosystem, with indications of divergent impacts of change in the south (many species in decline) and the north (a productive ecosystem). Observed changes in species abundance suggest that the marginal zone of maximum (March) sea-ice extent is experiencing the most rapid directional changes, including shifts in distribution of ice-associated species such as bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus). Causes of declines in other species such as northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and murres (Uria spp.) are harder to identify, and seabird abundance trends appear to vary greatly with location. Connections between the LTK findings and other research under the North Pacific Research Board and National Science Foundation's Bering Sea Project were modest due to mismatches in temporal and spatial scales of reference and the fact that LTK observations were not initially made with scientific relevance in mind. We found, however, the overall observations to be consistent with the emerging picture of high spatial variability in the Bering Sea ecosystem. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Braem, Nicole M.; Brown, Caroline L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Subsistence, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Hunn, Eugene] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Krieg, Theodore M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Subsistence, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. [Lestenkof, Pamela] Aleut Community St Paul Isl Tribal Govt, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Noongwook, George] Native Village Savoonga, Savoonga Whaling Captains Assoc, Savoonga, AK 99769 USA. [Sepez, Jennifer] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Wiese, Francis K.] North Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Zavadil, Philip] Aleut Community St Paul Isl Tribal Govt, St Paul Isl, AK 99660 USA. RP Huntington, HP (reprint author), 23834 Clearing Dr, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. EM hph@alaska.net; nicole.braem@alaska.gov; caroline.brown@alaska.gov; enhunn323@comcast.net; theodore.krieg@alaska.gov; pmlestenkof@tgspi.com; gnunguk@hotmail.com; Mike.Sigler@noaa.gov; francis.wiese@nprb.org; pazavadil@tgspi.com FU North Pacific Research Board FX We thank the North Pacific Research Board for funding our work, and the leaders and researchers of Bering Sea Project for their encouragement and support. We thank the Bering Sea Project LTK Regional Advisory Board and its members for providing guidance and ideas for our project. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 94 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.04.025 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 244BH UT WOS:000326361600027 ER PT J AU Bardsley, T Wood, A Hobbins, M Kirkham, T Briefer, L Niermeyer, J Burian, S AF Bardsley, Tim Wood, Andrew Hobbins, Mike Kirkham, Tracie Briefer, Laura Niermeyer, Jeff Burian, Steven TI Planning for an Uncertain Future: Climate Change Sensitivity Assessment toward Adaptation Planning for Public Water Supply SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Water supply; Drought; Infrastructure; Hydrologic modeling ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; STREAMFLOW; SNOWPACK; AVAILABILITY; STATIONARITY; BASIN; DEAD AB Assessing climate change risk to municipal water supplies is often conducted by hydrologic modeling specific to local watersheds and infrastructure to ensure that outputs are compatible with existing planning frameworks and processes. This study leverages the modeling capacity of an operational National Weather Service River Forecast Center to explore the potential impacts of future climate-driven hydrologic changes on factors important to planning at the Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities (SLC). Hydrologic modeling results for the study area align with prior research in showing that temperature changes alone will lead to earlier runoff and reduced runoff volume. The sensitivity of average annual flow to temperature varies significantly between watersheds, averaging -3.8% degrees F-1 and ranging from -1.8% to -6.5% flow reduction per degree Fahrenheit of warming. The largest flow reductions occur during the high water demand months of May-September. Precipitation drives hydrologic response more strongly than temperature, with each 1% precipitation change producing an average 1.9% runoff change of the same sign. This paper explores the consequences of climate change for the reliability of SLC's water supply system using scenarios that include hydrologic changes in average conditions, severe drought scenarios, and future water demand test cases. The most significant water management impacts will be earlier and reduced runoff volume, which threaten the system's ability to maintain adequate streamflow and storage to meet late-summer water demands. C1 [Bardsley, Tim] Western Water Assessment, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Wood, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hobbins, Mike] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kirkham, Tracie; Briefer, Laura; Niermeyer, Jeff] Salt Lake City Dept Publ Util, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Burian, Steven] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Bardsley, T (reprint author), Western Water Assessment, 2242 W North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM wwa.bardsley@gmail.com RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014; OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 FU National Science Foundation [1135483]; Western Water Assessment RISA program based at the University of Colorado, Boulder under NOAA [NA10OAR4310214] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and office support provided by the NWS CBRFC, especially Craig Peterson, John Lhotak, Michelle Stokes, and Kevin Werner. We are also grateful to our two anonymous reviewers and internal reviews from Eric Gordon and Jeff Lukas (WWA) and graphics assistance from Ami Nacu-Schmidt (WWA). Jeff Lukas and Matthew Bekker (Brigham Young University) provided draft tree-ring chronologies. This material is partially based upon work completed by the CI-WATER project supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant 1135483. Partial funding for this effort came from the Western Water Assessment RISA program based at the University of Colorado, Boulder, under NOAA Grant NA10OAR4310214. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 17 AR 23 DI 10.1175/2012EI000501.1 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246ZY UT WOS:000326582700001 ER PT J AU Crowley, C Shinder, II Moldover, MR AF Crowley, Christopher Shinder, Iosif I. Moldover, Michael R. TI The effect of turbulence on a multi-hole Pitot calibration SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Airspeed calibration; Multi hole Pitot tube; Detached boundary layer; Turbulence AB Accurate calibrations of multi-hole Pitot tubes require thousands of measurements spanning ranges of the fluid's velocity, and the pitch and yaw angles. When calibrating a commercially-manufactured multi-hole Pitot tube in NISTs low-turbulence wind tunnel, we found hysteresis in certain ranges of airspeed, pitch angle, and yaw angle. In the worst case, the hysteresis caused a calibration error of 30%. We demonstrate that the hysteresis was caused by a flow instability associated with flow separation. A turbulence intensity of only 1% removes the hysteresis; however, the calibration depends on the turbulence intensity over the entire range of our measurements (0.25-2%). Therefore, multi-hole Pitot tubes should be calibrated and used at the same turbulence levels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Crowley, Christopher; Shinder, Iosif I.; Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Crowley, C (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Christopher.crowley@nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 EI 1873-6998 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 33 BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2013.05.007 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 244BI UT WOS:000326361700011 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Frenkel, M Magee, JW Diky, V Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Kroenlein, K Abdulagatov, I Hardin, GR Acree, WE Brenneke, JF Brown, PL Cummings, PT de Loos, TW Friend, DG Goodwin, ARH Hansen, LD Haynes, WM Koga, N Mandelis, A Marsh, KN Mathias, PM McCabe, C O'Connell, JP Padua, A Rives, V Schick, C Trusler, JPM Vyazovkin, S Weir, RD Wu, JT AF Chirico, Robert D. Frenkel, Michael Magee, Joseph W. Diky, Vladimir Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Kroenlein, Kenneth Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Hardin, Gary R. Acree, William E., Jr. Brenneke, Joan F. Brown, Paul L. Cummings, Peter T. de Loos, Theo W. Friend, Daniel G. Goodwin, Anthony R. H. Hansen, Lee D. Haynes, William M. Koga, Nobuyoshi Mandelis, Andreas Marsh, Kenneth N. Mathias, Paul M. McCabe, Clare O'Connell, John P. Padua, Agilio Rives, Vicente Schick, Christoph Trusler, J. P. Martin Vyazovkin, Sergey Weir, Ron D. Wu, Jiangtao TI Improvement of Quality in Publication of Experimental Thermophysical Property Data: Challenges, Assessment Tools, Global Implementation, and Online Support SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Review ID THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; XML-BASED APPROACH; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STORAGE; MIXTURES; EXCHANGE AB This article describes a 10-year cooperative effort between the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and five major journals in the field of thermophysical and thermochemical properties to improve the quality of published reports of experimental data. The journals are Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Fluid Phase Equilibria, Thermochimica Acta, and International Journal of Thermophysics. The history of this unique cooperation is outlined, together with an overview of software tools and procedures that have been developed and implemented to aid authors, editors, and reviewers at all stages of the publication process, including experiment planning. Both successes and failures are highlighted. The procedures are now well established and are designed to yield maximum benefit to all stakeholders (authors, editors, reviewers, publishers, readers, data users, etc.) through the establishment of procedures and support tools that efficiently serve the specific interests of those involved. All specially designed tools and procedures are described fully, together with their benefits and examples of application. A key feature of the cooperation is the efficient validation of experimental data after peer review but before acceptance for publication. Nearly 1000 articles per year are considered within the scope of this work, with significant problems identified in roughly one-third of these. Full statistics for the findings are given, and a variety of examples of common problems found are given. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael; Magee, Joseph W.; Diky, Vladimir; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Hardin, Gary R.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Acree, William E., Jr.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, NT Stn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Brenneke, Joan F.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Brown, Paul L.] Rio Tinto Technol & Innovat, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Cummings, Peter T.; McCabe, Clare] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [de Loos, Theo W.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Proc & Energy, NL-2628 CA Delft, Netherlands. [Friend, Daniel G.; Haynes, William M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Goodwin, Anthony R. H.] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. [Hansen, Lee D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Koga, Nobuyoshi] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Dept Sci Educ, Higashihiroshima 7398524, Japan. [Mandelis, Andreas] Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Crawley 6009, Australia. [Mathias, Paul M.] Fluor Corp, Aliso Viejo, CA 92698 USA. [O'Connell, John P.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Padua, Agilio] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Lab Thermodynam, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Padua, Agilio] Univ Clermont Ferrand, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Rives, Vicente] Univ Salamanca, Dept Quim Inorgan, GIR QUESCAT, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Trusler, J. P. Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Vyazovkin, Sergey] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Weir, Ron D.] Royal Mil Coll Canada RMCC, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada. [Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Ctr Thermal & Fluid Sci, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009; McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Trusler, J. P. Martin/C-8200-2015; OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491; Padua, Agilio/0000-0002-7641-6526; McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Trusler, J. P. Martin/0000-0002-6403-2488; Koga, Nobuyoshi/0000-0002-1839-8163 FU IUPAC (the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry) [2007-024-2-100, 2002-055-3-024, 2007-039-1-024, 2011-037-2-100] FX The authors express their appreciation to the journal publishers and staff (past and present) of the cooperating organizations (Jeffrey Mullins, Clay Burgett, and Susan King of the American Chemical Society Publications; Ella Chen, Helen Habernickel, and Michiel Thijssen of Elsevier B. V.; and Kyesha Hammond of Springer) for their keen interest in and support of this project. Their efforts have been essential to the success of this work. The authors thank IUPAC (the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry) for partial support of four projects related to this work; IUPAC Guidelines for Reporting of Phase Equilibrium Measurements (IUPAC project 2007-024-2-100), XML-Based IUPAC Standard for Experimental, Predicted, and Critically Evaluated Thermodynamic Property Data Storage and Capture (ThermoML) (IUPAC project 2002-055-3-024), Extension of ThermoML: The IUPAC Standard for Thermodynamic Data Communications (IUPAC project 2007-039-1-024), and the current project Recommended Reference Materials for Phase Equilibrium Studies (IUPAC project 2011-037-2-100). The project described in this article would be impossible to conduct without the participation of thousands of authors contributing feedback for continuous improvement of the data validation process. Products or companies named here are cited only in the interest of complete technical description and neither constitute nor imply endorsement by NIST or by the U.S. government. Other products may be found to serve as well. NR 51 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD OCT PY 2013 VL 58 IS 10 BP 2699 EP 2716 DI 10.1021/je400569s PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 244DM UT WOS:000326367300001 ER PT J AU Copeman, LA Laurel, BJ Parrish, CC AF Copeman, Louise A. Laurel, Benjamin J. Parrish, Christopher C. TI Effect of temperature and tissue type on fatty acid signatures of two species of North Pacific juvenile gadids: A laboratory feeding study SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomarker; Cod; Fatty acid; Juvenile; Pollock; Temperature ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FOOD-WEB; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ATLANTIC SALMON; LIPID-COMPOSITION; ESTIMATING DIETS; TROPHIC MARKERS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; FISH AB The utility of the fatty add biomarker (FAB) approach in fisheries ecology is limited by our understanding of how biotic and abiotic factors determine dietary markers in fish tissues. An 8-week laboratory experiment was conducted on two species of juvenile gadids (Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus and walleye Pollock, Theragra chalcogramma) reared at 3 degrees C or 9 degrees C and fed a diet enriched with either oils of marine origin or terrestrial plant origin. Non-linear models were fitted to investigate how tissue type and temperature mediated the proportion of FABs in fish. Across temperatures, fatty acid (FA) profiles were similar for both species of gadids. FAs also showed high temporal sensitivity across temperatures, and were evident in fish after only one week of feeding. Pacific cod held at 9 degrees C and fed a terrestrial plant oil (TPO) enriched diet had significantly higher C-18 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in their liver than cod held at 3 degrees C after one week, but this temperature effect diminished as tissues reached equilibrium with their diet C-18 PUFAs were significantly higher in liver than in muscle. Differential proportions of C-18 PUFAs among tissues provide temporal patterns that may help with disentangling the timing of offshore-inshore nursery migrations in juvenile fish. Calibration coefficients were determined to explain the relationship between FAs in the diet and FAs in fish tissues. These coefficients will support future development of quantitative estimates of diet in juvenile low-fat fish. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Copeman, Louise A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Copeman, Louise A.; Parrish, Christopher C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Laurel, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Copeman, LA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM copemanl@onid.orst.edu; Ben.Laurel@noaa.gov; cparrish@mun.ca FU NOAA-AFSC Habitat and Ecosystem Process Research (HEPR) grant; Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University [NA17RJ1362]; NSERC FX Sample processing costs and salary for Louise Copeman were provided by a NOAA-AFSC Habitat and Ecosystem Process Research (HEPR) grant awarded to Benjamin Laurel, Clifford Ryer, Christopher Parrish, Allan Stoner, Brian Knoth and Dan Urban. Partial salary support to Louise Copeman was provided by a Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University grant (#NA17RJ1362). Salary support for Louise Copeman was also provided by a NSERC discovery grant awarded to Dr. C. Parrish. Many thanks to the technical staff in Dr. C. Parrish's lab (in particular Tara Hooper and Jeanette Wells), for processing lipid classes and FAs on extracted samples. Thanks also to Scott Haines, Paul Iseri and Michele Ottmar for providing assistance in the laboratory on juvenile feeding experiments. [RH] NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 448 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.07.008 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 245AE UT WOS:000326430500024 ER PT J AU White, CL Schuler, KL Thomas, NJ Webb, JL Saliki, JT Ip, HS Dubey, JP Frame, ER AF White, C. LeAnn Schuler, Krysten L. Thomas, Nancy J. Webb, Julie L. Saliki, Jeremiah T. Ip, Hon S. Dubey, J. P. Frame, Elizabeth R. TI PATHOGEN EXPOSURE AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY IN THE WASHINGTON, USA POPULATION OF NORTHERN SEA OTTERS (ENHYDRA LUTRIS KENYONI) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Biotoxins; Brucella; influenza; Leptospira; morbillivirus; Sarcocystis neurona; Toxoplasma gondii ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; MARINE MAMMALS; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; BRUCELLA-PINNIPEDIALIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; CLINICAL PATHOLOGY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; COXIELLA-BURNETII AB Northern sea otters (Enhydra harts kenyoni) from Washington State, United States were evaluated in 2011 to determine health status and pathogen exposure. Antibodies to Brucella spp. (10%) and influenza A virus (23%) were detected for the first time in this population in 2011. Changes in clinical pathology values (serum chemistries), exposure to pathogens, and overall health of the population over the last decade were assessed by comparing 2011 data to the data collected on this population in 2001-2002. Several serum chemistry parameters were different between study years and sexes but were not clinically significant. The odds of canine distemper virus exposure were higher for otters sampled in 2001-2002 (80%) compared to 2011 (10%); likelihood of exposure significantly increased with age. Prevalence of exposure to Sarcocystis neurona was also higher in 2001-2002 (29%) than in 2011 (0%), but because testing methods varied between study years the results were not directly comparable. Exposure to Leptospira spp. was only observed in 2001-2002. Odds of Toxoplasma gondii exposure were higher for otters sampled in 2011 (97%) than otters in 2001-2002 (58%). Substantial levels of domoic acid (n=2) and saxitoxin (n=2) were found in urine or fecal samples from animals sampled in 2011. No evidence of calicivirus or Coxiella burnetii exposure in the Washington population of northern sea otters was found in either 2001-2002 or 2011. Changes in exposure status from 2001-2002 to 2011 suggest that the Washington sea otter population may be dealing with new disease threats (e.g., influenza) while also increasing their susceptibility to diseases that may be highly pathogenic in naive individuals (e.g., canine distemper). C1 [White, C. LeAnn; Schuler, Krysten L.; Thomas, Nancy J.; Ip, Hon S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Webb, Julie L.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Saliki, Jeremiah T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Frame, Elizabeth R.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP White, CL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM clwhite@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, Division of Listing and Recovery [4500029854 (13320-A-H008)]; US Geological Service-National Wildlife Health Center FX This project was supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, Division of Listing and Recovery, Interagency Agreement 4500029854 (13320-A-H008). Additional support was provided by US Geological Service-National Wildlife Health Center. Sample collection was done in collaboration with the US Geological Survey-Alaska Science Center and Monterey Bay Aquarium. We thank J. Bodkin, M. Murray, G. Esslinger, B. Weitzman, B. Hatfield, M. Kenner, and J. Tomeleoni for assistance with capture and sampling. We thank R. Hornsby, D. Lindsay, R. Ford, and A. Smith for assistance with testing and interpretation. We are grateful to D. Lynch for logistic support and V. Shearn-Bochsler for review of earlier drafts of the manuscript. Use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 38 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 887 EP 899 DI 10.7589/2013-03-053 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 241WM UT WOS:000326199400011 PM 24502716 ER PT J AU Cross, TA Arsnoe, DM Minnis, RB King, DT Swafford, S Pedersen, K Owen, JC AF Cross, Tiffanie A. Arsnoe, D. M. Minnis, R. B. King, D. T. Swafford, S. Pedersen, K. Owen, J. C. TI PREVALENCE OF AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS 1 AND AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS (PHALACROCORAX AURITUS) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; avian paramyxovirus-1; Double-crested Cormorants; Great Lakes region; Newcastle disease; Phalacrocorax auritus; seroprevalence ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE-VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; WILD BIRDS; A VIRUS; CHICKENS; ANTIBODY; SASKATCHEWAN; MIGRATION; PATTERNS AB Although it is well established that wild birds, such as cormorants, carry virulent avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1; causative agent of Newcastle disease) and avian influenza virus (ATV), the prevalence of these viruses among Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the Great Lakes region of North America has not been rigorously studied. We determined the prevalences of APMV-1 and AIV in Double-crested Cormorants from the interior population of eastern North America. From 2009 to 2011, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and serum samples were collected from 1,957 individual Double-crested Cormorants, ranging from chicks to breeding adults, on breeding colony sites in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Mississippi, USA, and Ontario, Canada, as well as on the wintering grounds of migratory populations in Mississippi, USA. Prevalence of antibodies to APMV-1 in after hatch year birds was consistently high across all three years, ranging from 86.3% to 91.6%. Antibody prevalences in chicks were much lower: 1.7, 15.3, and 16.4% in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Virulent APMV-1 was detected in six chicks sampled in 2010 in Ontario, Canada. Only one adult was positive for AIV-specific antibodies and five individuals were positive for AIV matrix protein, but the latter were negative for H5 and H7 AIV subtypes. We provide further evidence that Double-crested Cormorants play an important role in the maintenance and circulation of APMV-1 in the wild, but are unlikely to be involved in the circulation of AIV. C1 [Cross, Tiffanie A.; Arsnoe, D. M.; Owen, J. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cross, Tiffanie A.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Arsnoe, D. M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Okemos, MI 48864 USA. [Minnis, R. B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Conservat Training Ctr, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [King, D. T.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Mississippi F, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Swafford, S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Columbia, MO 65202 USA. [Pedersen, K.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Owen, J. C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Owen, JC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM owenj@msu.edu FU USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services through the Berryman Institute FX Funding was provided by the USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services through the Berryman Institute to J.C.O. and R.B.M. The following individuals provided field, laboratory, and/or logistical support: T. Aderman, C. Barattini, F. Cunningham, S. Elbin, S. Elliot, P. Fioranelli, K. Hanson-Dorr, L. Heyens, E. Johnston, J. Landgraf, S. Lemmons, S. Lockhart, D. Marks, J. McNulty, M. Meeker, D. Moore, B. Muter, A. Nakamura, E. Olsen, J. Pedersen, S. Privett, N. Spa la, C. Weseloh, and A. Wise. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 965 EP 977 DI 10.7589/2012-06-164 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 241WM UT WOS:000326199400019 PM 24502724 ER PT J AU Zhao, LY Levendorf, M Goncher, S Schiros, T Palova, L Zabet-Khosousi, A Rim, KT Gutierrez, C Nordlund, D Jaye, C Hybertsen, M Reichman, DR Flynn, GW Park, J Pasupathy, AN AF Zhao, Liuyan Levendorf, Mark Goncher, Scott Schiros, Theanne Palova, Lucia Zabet-Khosousi, Arnir Rim, Kwang Taeg Gutierrez, Christopher Nordlund, Dennis Jaye, Cherno Hybertsen, Mark Reichman, David R. Flynn, George W. Park, Jiwoong Pasupathy, Abhay N. TI Local Atomic and Electronic Structure of Boron Chemical Doping in Monolayer Graphene SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene chemical doping; scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy; boron-doped graphene; graphene functionalization; X-ray spectroscopy ID NITROGEN-DOPED GRAPHENE; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; CARBON; EDGE AB We use scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the, atomic and electronic structure of boron-doped and nitrogen-doped graphene created by chemical vapor deposition on copper substrates. Microscopic measurements show that boron, like nitrogen, incorporates into the carbon lattice primarily in the graphitic form and contributes 0.5 carriers into the graphene sheet per dopant: Density functional theory calculations indicate that boron dopants interact strongly with the, underlying copper substrate while nitrogen dopants do not. The local bonding differences between graphitic boron and nitrogen dopants lead to large scale differences in dopant distribution. The distribution of dopants is observed to be completely random in the case of boron, while nitrogen displays strong sublattice clustering. Structurally, nitrogen-doped graphene is doped graphene films show.a large number of Stone-Wales defects. These defects create local electronic resonances electronic scattering, but do not electronically dope the graphene film. relatively defect-free while boronand cause C1 [Zhao, Liuyan; Gutierrez, Christopher; Pasupathy, Abhay N.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Levendorf, Mark; Park, Jiwoong] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 10065 USA. [Goncher, Scott; Palova, Lucia; Zabet-Khosousi, Arnir; Rim, Kwang Taeg; Reichman, David R.; Flynn, George W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Schiros, Theanne] Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nordlund, Dennis] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jaye, Cherno] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hybertsen, Mark] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pasupathy, AN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM pasupathy@phys.columbia.edu RI Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; OI Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754; Gutierrez, Christopher/0000-0002-8307-6419 FU EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control [DE-SC0001085]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0010, MUM FA955009-1-0705, FA9550-09-1-0691 0.P]; DOE [DE-FG02-88ER13937]; NYSTAR; NSF [CHE-07-01483, CHE-10-12058]; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Global Research Outreach program; Nano Material Technology Development Program [2012M3A7B4049887]; National Research Foundation of Korea (j.P.); DOE-BES [DE-ACO2-98CH10886] FX Research supported by the EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control (award DE-SC0001085). Support also provided by AFOSR under Grants FA9550-11-1-0010 (A.N.P.), MUM FA955009-1-0705 (G.W.F.), and FA9550-09-1-0691 0.P.); DOE under Grant DE-FG02-88ER13937 (G.W.F.); NYSTAR and NSF under Grants CHE-07-01483 and CHE-10-12058 (G.W.F.); Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Global Research Outreach program (J.P.), and the Nano Material Technology Development Program (2012M3A7B4049887) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (j.P.). Portions of this research were carried out at beamlines 11-3 and 13-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES), as well as at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and beamlines X-9 and U7A at the National Synchrotron Light Source, both at Brookhaven National Laboratory and supported by DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-ACO2-98CH10886. NR 53 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 18 U2 166 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 4659 EP 4665 DI 10.1021/nl401781d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 243ZG UT WOS:000326356300012 PM 24032458 ER PT J AU Early, KT Nesbitt, DJ AF Early, Kevin T. Nesbitt, David J. TI Size-Dependent Photoionization in Single CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantum dots; blinking; photoionization; Auger; carrier relaxation ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; POWER-LAW BEHAVIOR; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; AUGER IONIZATION; OPTICAL GAIN; BLINKING; DYNAMICS; RATES; RECOMBINATION; DIFFUSION AB Fluorescence intermittency in single semiconductor nanocrystals has been shown to follow power law statistics over many decades in time and in probability. Recently, several studies have shown that, while "off" dwell times are insensitive to almost all experimental parameters, "on" dwell times exhibit a pump-power dependent exponential truncation at long times, suggestive of enhanced biexciton photoionization probabilities at high excitation powers. Here we report the dependence of this on-time truncation on nanocrystal radius. We observe a decrease in the per-pulse photoionization probability from 1.8(2) x 10(-4) to 2.0(7) x 10(-6) as the CdSe core radius increase:: from 1.3 to 3.5 nm, with a radius scaling for the probability for charge ejection arising from biexciton formation P-ionize (r) cc 1/r(3.5(5)). Effective mass calculations of the exciton wave functions show that the product of fractional electron and hole probabilities in the trap-rich ZnS shell scale similarly with nanocrystal radius. Possible charge ejection mechanisms from such a surface-localized state are discussed. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE1012685, PHYS1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE1012685, PHYS1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. K.T.E. would also like to gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Institute for Standards and Technology for a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 4844 EP 4849 DI 10.1021/nl402607a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 243ZG UT WOS:000326356300042 PM 24020423 ER PT J AU Quackenbush, NF Tashman, JW Mundy, JA Sallis, S Paik, H Misra, R Moyer, JA Guo, JH Fischer, DA Woicik, JC Muller, DA Schlom, DG Piper, LFJ AF Quackenbush, N. F. Tashman, J. W. Mundy, J. A. Sallis, S. Paik, H. Misra, R. Moyer, J. A. Guo, J. -H. Fischer, D. A. Woicik, J. C. Muller, D. A. Schlom, D. G. Piper, L. F. J. TI Nature of the Metal Insulator Transition in Ultrathin Epitaxial Vanadium Dioxide SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE VO2; metal insulator transition; X-ray spectroscopy; transition metal oxides; ultrathin films ID PHASE-TRANSITION; MOTT TRANSITION; THIN-FILMS; VO2; ELECTRONICS; XPS AB We have combined hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with angular dependent O K-edge and V L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the electronic structure of metallic and insulating end point phases in 4.1 nm thick (14 units cells. along the c-axis of VO2) films on TiO2(001) substrates, each displaying an abrupt MIT centered at 300 K with width <20 K and a resistance change of Delta R/R > 10(3). The dimensions, quality of the films, and stoichiometry were confirmed by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and resistivity measurements. The measured end point phases agree with their bulk counterparts. This clearly shows that, apart from the strain induced change in transition temperature, the underlying mechanism of the MIT for technologically relevant dimensions must be the same as the bulk for this orientation. C1 [Quackenbush, N. F.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Tashman, J. W.; Paik, H.; Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mundy, J. A.; Muller, D. A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sallis, S.; Piper, L. F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Misra, R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Misra, R.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Moyer, J. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Guo, J. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Muller, D. A.; Schlom, D. G.] Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Sallis, Shawn/E-6258-2012; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011; Muller, David/A-7745-2010 OI Sallis, Shawn/0000-0002-8443-4951; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210; Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473 FU American Chemical Society; Analytical and Diagnostics Laboratory Small Grant program at Binghamton; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Faculty/Student Research Support Program at the NSLS; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0001086]; ONR [N00014-11-1-0665]; A.R.O; NSFNational Science Foundation [DMR-1120296]; Energy Materials Center at Cornell (EMC2), an Energy Frontier Research Center FX The authors thank Peter Schiffer for transport measurements within his laboratory. Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support (or partial support) of this research. Additional support (L.F.J.P) was provided by an Analytical and Diagnostics Laboratory Small Grant program at Binghamton. The NSLS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. L.F.J.P., N.F.Q, and S. S. acknowledge support from the Faculty/Student Research Support Program at the NSLS. Beamline X24a at the NSLS is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J.W.T., H.P., and D.G.S. acknowledge the financial support of ONR through award N00014-11-1-0665. JAM. acknowledges support from the A.R.O in the form of a NDSEG fellowship and from the NSF in the form of a GRFP fellowship. This work was supported as part of the Energy Materials Center at Cornell (EMC2), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Grant DE-SC0001086. This work also made use of the electron microscopy facility of the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR) supported by the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-1120296. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 182 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 4857 EP 4861 DI 10.1021/nl402716d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 243ZG UT WOS:000326356300044 PM 24000961 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SM Hazen, EL Bograd, SJ Halpern, BS Breed, GA Nickel, B Teutschel, NM Crowder, LB Benson, S Dutton, PH Bailey, H Kappes, MA Kuhn, CE Weise, MJ Mate, B Shaffer, SA Hassrick, JL Henry, RW Irvine, L McDonald, BI Robinson, PW Block, BA Costa, DP AF Maxwell, Sara M. Hazen, Elliott L. Bograd, Steven J. Halpern, Benjamin S. Breed, Greg A. Nickel, Barry Teutschel, Nicole M. Crowder, Larry B. Benson, Scott Dutton, Peter H. Bailey, Helen Kappes, Michelle A. Kuhn, Carey E. Weise, Michael J. Mate, Bruce Shaffer, Scott A. Hassrick, Jason L. Henry, Robert W. Irvine, Ladd McDonald, Birgitte I. Robinson, Patrick W. Block, Barbara A. Costa, Daniel P. TI Cumulative human impacts on marine predators SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENT; HOTSPOTS; ECOLOGY AB Stressors associated with human activities interact in complex ways to affect marine ecosystems, yet we lack spatially explicit assessments of cumulative impacts on ecologically and economically key components such as marine predators. Here we develop a metric of cumulative utilization and impact (CUI) on marine predators by combining electronic tracking data of eight protected predator species (n=685 individuals) in the California Current Ecosystem with data on 24 anthropogenic stressors. We show significant variation in CUI with some of the highest impacts within US National Marine Sanctuaries. High variation in underlying species and cumulative impact distributions means that neither alone is sufficient for effective spatial management. Instead, comprehensive management approaches accounting for both cumulative human impacts and trade-offs among multiple stressors must be applied in planning the use of marine resources. C1 [Maxwell, Sara M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Maxwell, Sara M.] Marine Conservat Inst, Glen Ellen, CA 95442 USA. [Maxwell, Sara M.; Crowder, Larry B.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Maxwell, Sara M.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Crowder, Larry B.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.; Henry, Robert W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Breed, Greg A.] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Nickel, Barry] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Integrated Spatial Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Teutschel, Nicole M.; Kappes, Michelle A.; Hassrick, Jason L.; Robinson, Patrick W.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Benson, Scott] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kuhn, Carey E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Weise, Michael J.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Mate, Bruce; Irvine, Ladd] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [McDonald, Birgitte I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Maxwell, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM maxwells@stanford.edu RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009; OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059; Maxwell, Sara/0000-0002-4425-9378 FU Sloan Foundation's Census of Marine Life program; Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions; Sloan foundation; Packard foundation; Moore foundation; Office of Naval Research; NOAA; E&P Sound and Marine Life JIP from OGP; Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; UCSC Chancellor's Fellowship; Steve Blank; TWIG FX Funding for this work was provided by the Sloan Foundation's Census of Marine Life program and Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions. TOPP research was funded by the Sloan, Packard and Moore foundations. Electronic tagging and tracking in TOPP was also supported by the Office of Naval Research, the NOAA, the E&P Sound and Marine Life JIP under contract from the OGP and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation. S. M. M. was supported by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, the UCSC Chancellor's Fellowship, Steve Blank and TWIG. We are grateful to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Hawaii for logistical support, P. Raimondi for statistical guidance, and C. Champagne, R. Lewison, B. Best, L. Ballance, J. Samhouri and D. Wingfield Briscoe for manuscript assistance. NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 4 AR 2688 DI 10.1038/ncomms3688 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 245OT UT WOS:000326473900002 PM 24162104 ER PT J AU Paik, DH Roskens, VA Perkins, TT AF Paik, D. Hern Roskens, Violet A. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Torsionally constrained DNA for single-molecule assays: an efficient, ligation-free method SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC TWEEZERS; STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; IB TOPOISOMERASES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUPERCOILED DNA; TORQUE; SENSITIVITY; ELASTICITY AB Controlled twisting of individual, double-stranded DNA molecules provides a unique method to investigate the enzymes that alter DNA topology. Such twisting requires a single DNA molecule to be torsionally constrained. This constraint is achieved by anchoring the opposite ends of the DNA to two separate surfaces via multiple bonds. The traditional protocol for making such DNA involves a three-way ligation followed by gel purification, a laborious process that often leads to low yield both in the amount of DNA and the fraction of molecules that is torsionally constrained. We developed a simple ligation-free procedure for making torsionally constrained DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This PCR protocol used two 'megaprimers', 400-base-pair long double-stranded DNA that were labelled with either biotin or digoxigenin. We obtained a relatively high yield of gel-purified DNA (similar to 500 ng/100 mu l of PCR reaction). The final construct in this PCR-based method contains only one labelled strand in contrast to the traditional construct in which both strands of the DNA are labelled. Nonetheless, we achieved a high yield (84%) of torsionally constrained DNA when measured using an optical-trap-based DNA-overstretching assay. This protocol significantly simplifies the application and adoption of torsionally constrained assays to a wide range of single-molecule systems. C1 [Paik, D. Hern; Roskens, Violet A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Paik, D. Hern; Roskens, Violet A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX National Science Foundation [PHY-1125844]; and National Institute of Standards and Technology. Funding for open access charge: National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 41 IS 19 AR e179 DI 10.1093/nar/gkt699 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 239SC UT WOS:000326044700002 PM 23935118 ER PT J AU Ware, R Cimini, D Campos, E Giuliani, G Albers, S Nelson, M Koch, SE Joe, P Cober, S AF Ware, R. Cimini, D. Campos, E. Giuliani, G. Albers, S. Nelson, M. Koch, S. E. Joe, P. Cober, S. TI Thermodynamic and liquid profiling during the 2010 Winter Olympics SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Microwave radiometer; Thermodynamic profiler; Liquid (water) profiles ID WATER-VAPOR; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; TEMPERATURE; ACCURACY AB Tropospheric observations by a microwave profiling radiometer and six-hour radiosondes were obtained during the Alpine Venue of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games at Whistler, British Columbia, by Environment Canada. The radiometer provided continuous temperature, humidity and liquid (water) profiles during all weather conditions including rain, sleet and snow. Gridded analysis was provided by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We compare more than two weeks of radiometer neural network and radiosonde temperature and humidity soundings including clear and precipitating conditions. Corresponding radiometer liquid and radiosonde wind soundings are shown. Close correlation is evident between radiometer and radiosonde temperature and humidity profiles up to 10 km height and among southwest winds, liquid water and upper level thermodynamics, consistent with up-valley advection and condensation of moist maritime air. We compare brightness temperatures observed by the radiometer and forward-modeled from radiosonde and gridded analysis. Radiosonde-equivalent observation accuracy is demonstrated for radiometer neural network temperature and humidity retrievals up to 800 m height and for variational retrievals that combine radiometer and gridded analysis up to 10 km height. (C)2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ware, R.; Nelson, M.] Radiometrics, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Ware, R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ware, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cimini, D.] Ctr Excellence Severe Weather Forecast, Laquila, Italy. [Cimini, D.] Inst Methodol Environm Anal, Tito, Italy. [Campos, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Giuliani, G.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Albers, S.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Albers, S.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Koch, S. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Joe, P.; Cober, S.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ware, R (reprint author), Radiometrics, 4909 Nautilus Court North, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM ware@radiometrics.com; cimini@imaa.cnr.it; ecampos@anl.gov; graziano.giuliani@aquila.infn.it; steve.albers@noaa.gov; m.nelson@radiometrics.com; steven.koch@noaa.gov; paul.joe@ec.gc.ca; stewart.cober@ec.gc.ca RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013; Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015; Campos, Edwin/A-5601-2008 OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X; Campos, Edwin/0000-0003-3766-7485 FU Environment Canada FX Environment Canada conducted microwave profiler, radiosonde and precipitation data collection and provided grant support (special thanks to Jim Abraham) for data analysis and reporting. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT-NOV PY 2013 VL 132 BP 278 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.05.019 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241BN UT WOS:000326141500023 ER PT J AU Ye, J Wang, DB Zeiger, DN Miles, WC Lin-Gibson, S AF Ye, Jing Wang, Dongbo Zeiger, Diana N. Miles, William C. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Different Kinetic Pathways of Early Stage Calcium-Phosphate Cluster Aggregation Induced by Carboxylate-Containing Polymers SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIMITED COLLOID AGGREGATION; ELASTIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; DENTIN MATRIX PROTEIN-1; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; PRENUCLEATION CLUSTERS; NUCLEATION; CHAIN; MINERALIZATION; POLYDISPERSITY; WATER AB Acidic proteins are critical to biomineral formation, although their precise mechanistic function remains poorly understood. A number of recent studies have suggested a nonclassical mineralization model that emphasizes the importance of the formation of polymer-stabilized mineral clusters or particles; however, it has been difficult to characterize the precursors experimentally due to their transient nature. Here, we successfully captured stepwise evolution of transient CaP clusters in mineralizing solutions and studied the roles of functional polymers with laser light scattering (LLS) to determine how these polymers influence the stability of nanoclusters. We found that the polymer structure can alter CaP aggregation mechanisms, whereas the polymer concentration strongly influences the rate of CaP aggregation. Our results indicate that the ability of acidic biomolecules to control the formation of relatively stable nanoclusters in the early stages may be critical for intrafibrillar mineralization. More importantly, LLS provided information about the size and the structural evolution of CaP aggregates, which will help define the process of controlled biomineralization. C1 [Ye, Jing; Wang, Dongbo; Zeiger, Diana N.; Miles, William C.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Biomat Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST-National Research Council (NRC) Research Associate Program FX This work is supported by an Interagency Agreement between National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). D.W., W.C.M., and D.N.Z. acknowledge the NIST-National Research Council (NRC) Research Associate Program. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3417 EP 3422 DI 10.1021/bm400660a PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 240UI UT WOS:000326122800009 PM 23968258 ER PT J AU Rutz, JJ Gibson, CV AF Rutz, Jonathan J. Gibson, Chris V. TI Integration of a Road Surface Model into NWS Operations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Rutz, Jonathan J.] Western Reg Headquarters, Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. [Gibson, Chris V.] WFO Missoula, Natl Weather Serv, Missoula, MT USA. RP Rutz, JJ (reprint author), Western Reg Headquarters, Natl Weather Serv, 125 South State St, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. EM Jonathan.Rutz@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1495 EP 1500 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00037.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241DO UT WOS:000326146800004 ER PT J AU Wielicki, BA Young, DF Mlynczak, MG Thome, KJ Leroy, S Corliss, J Anderson, JG Ao, CO Bantges, R Best, F Bowman, K Brindley, H Butler, JJ Collins, W Dykema, JA Doelling, DR Feldman, DR Fox, N Huang, XL Holz, R Huang, Y Jin, Z Jennings, D Johnson, DG Jucks, K Kato, S Kirk-Davidoff, DB Knuteson, R Kopp, G Kratz, DP Liu, X Lukashin, C Mannucci, AJ Phojanamongkolkij, N Pilewskie, P Ramaswam, V Revercomb, YH Rice, J Roberts, Y Roithmayr, CM Rose, F Sandford, S Shirley, EL Smith, WL Soden, SB Speth, PW Sun, W Taylor, PC Tobin, D Xiong, X AF Wielicki, Bruce A. Young, D. F. Mlynczak, M. G. Thome, K. J. Leroy, S. Corliss, J. Anderson, J. G. Ao, C. O. Bantges, R. Best, F. Bowman, K. Brindley, H. Butler, J. J. Collins, W. Dykema, J. A. Doelling, D. R. Feldman, D. R. Fox, N. Huang, Xianglei Holz, R. Huang, Y. Jin, Z. Jennings, D. Johnson, D. G. Jucks, K. Kato, S. Kirk-Davidoff, D. B. Knuteson, R. Kopp, G. Kratz, D. P. Liu, X. Lukashin, C. Mannucci, A. J. Phojanamongkolkij, N. Pilewskie, P. Ramaswam, V. Revercomb, Y. H. Rice, J. Roberts, Y. Roithmayr, C. M. Rose, F. Sandford, S. Shirley, E. L. Smith, W. L. Soden, Sr. B. Speth, P. W. Sun, W. Taylor, P. C. Tobin, D. Xiong, X. TI Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; INTER-CALIBRATION; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; EARTHS ENERGY; SYSTEM; SPACE; INSTRUMENT; CLOUDS; FEEDBACKS AB The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will provide a calibration laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring and attributing climate change. CLARREO measurements establish new climate change benchmarks with high absolute radiometric accuracy and high statistical confidence across a wide range of essential climate variables. CLARREO's inherently high absolute accuracy will be verified and traceable on orbit to Systeme Internationale (SI) units. The benchmarks established by CLARREO will be critical for assessing changes in the Earth system and climate model predictive capabilities for decades into the future as society works to meet the challenge of optimizing strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change. The CLARREO benchmarks are derived from measurements of the Earth's thermal infrared spectrum (5-50 m), the spectrum of solar radiation reflected by the Earth and its atmosphere (320-2300 nm), and radio occultation refractivity from which accurate temperature profiles are derived. The mission has the ability to provide new spectral fingerprints of climate change, as well as to provide the first orbiting radiometer with accuracy sufficient to serve as the reference transfer standard for other space sensors, in essence serving as a NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] in orbit. CLARREO will greatly improve the accuracy and relevance of a wide range of space-borne instruments for decadal climate change. Finally, CLARREO has developed new metrics and methods for determining the accuracy requirements of climate observations for a wide range of climate variables and uncertainty sources. These methods should be useful for improving our understanding of observing requirements for most climate change observations. C1 [Wielicki, Bruce A.; Young, D. F.; Mlynczak, M. G.; Corliss, J.; Doelling, D. R.; Johnson, D. G.; Kato, S.; Kratz, D. P.; Liu, X.; Lukashin, C.; Phojanamongkolkij, N.; Roithmayr, C. M.; Sandford, S.; Speth, P. W.; Taylor, P. C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Thome, K. J.; Butler, J. J.; Jennings, D.; Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Leroy, S.; Anderson, J. G.; Dykema, J. A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ao, C. O.; Bowman, K.; Mannucci, A. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bantges, R.; Brindley, H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Best, F.; Holz, R.; Knuteson, R.; Revercomb, Y. H.; Smith, W. L.; Tobin, D.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA. [Collins, W.; Feldman, D. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fox, N.] Natl Phys Lab, London, England. [Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Huang, Y.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jin, Z.; Rose, F.; Sun, W.] Sci Syst Applicat, Hampton, VA USA. [Jucks, K.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Kirk-Davidoff, D. B.] Univ Maryland, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kopp, G.; Pilewskie, P.; Roberts, Y.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. [Ramaswam, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rice, J.; Shirley, E. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Soden, Sr. B.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. RP Wielicki, BA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM b.a.wielicki@nasa.gov RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Feldman, Daniel/N-8703-2013; Butler, James/D-4188-2013; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Taylor, Patrick/D-8696-2015; Johnson, David/F-2376-2015; Huang, Yi/E-9479-2016; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Feldman, Daniel/0000-0003-3365-5233; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Taylor, Patrick/0000-0002-8098-8447; Johnson, David/0000-0003-4399-5653; Huang, Yi/0000-0002-5065-4198; Brindley, Helen/0000-0002-7859-9207; Rose, Fred G/0000-0003-0769-0772 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank several reviewers for providing comments that significantly improved the clarity and presentation of the paper. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 64 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1519 EP 1539 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00149.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241DO UT WOS:000326146800007 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Bates, GT Whitaker, JS Murray, DR Fiorino, M Galarneau, TJ Zhu, YJ Lapenta, W AF Hamill, Thomas M. Bates, Gary T. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Murray, Donald R. Fiorino, Michael Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr. Zhu, Yuejian Lapenta, William TI NOAA'S SECOND-GENERATION GLOBAL MEDIUM-RANGE ENSEMBLE REFORECAST DATASET SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; MODEL; PREDICTION; PARAMETERIZATION; CLOUDS; INDEX; SKILL; ECMWF AB A multidecadal ensemble reforecast database is now available that is approximately consistent with the operational 0000 UTC cycle of the 2012 NOAA Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The reforecast dataset consists of an 11-member ensemble run once each day from 0000 UTC initial conditions. Reforecasts are run to +16 days. As with the operational 2012 GEFS, the reforecast is run at T254L42 resolution (approximately 1/2 degrees grid spacing, 42 levels) for week +1 forecasts and T190L42 (approximately 3/4 degrees grid spacing) for the week +2 forecasts. Reforecasts were initialized with Climate Forecast System Reanalysis initial conditions, and perturbations were generated using the ensemble transform with rescaling technique. Reforecast data are available from 1985 to present. Reforecast datasets were previously demonstrated to be very valuable for detecting and correcting systematic errors in forecasts, especially forecasts of relatively rare events and longer-lead forecasts. What is novel about this reforecast dataset relative to the first-generation NOAA reforecast is that (i) a modern, currently operational version of the forecast model is used (the previous reforecast used a model version from 1998); (ii) a much larger set of output data has been saved, including variables relevant for precipitation, hydrologic, wind energy, solar energy, severe weather, and tropical cyclone forecasting; and (iii) the archived data are at much higher resolution. The article describes more about the reforecast configuration and provides a few examples of how this second-generation reforecast data may be used for research and a variety of weather forecast applications. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bates, Gary T.; Murray, Donald R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fiorino, Michael] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhu, Yuejian; Lapenta, William] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov RI Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 FU NOAA THORPEX FX The U.S. Department of Energy provided the high-performance computing to produce this dataset under its Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) Leadership Computing Challenge (ALCC). We are grateful to the DOE and its very professional support staff for their help. The mass storage array within ESRL was partially supported by NOAA THORPEX funds distributed by NOAA's Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ). We had tremendous help from the IT staff in the Physical Sciences Division at ESRL; in particular Nick Wilde, Alex McColl, Barry McInnes, Chris Kreutzer, and Eric Estes were all helpful in configuring the storage array and helping us get to voluminous reforecast data to and from it. The AHW reforecast ensemble was generated using the Bluefire supercomputer at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Tony Eckel and one anonymous reviewer are thanked for their careful evaluations of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 94 IS 10 BP 1553 EP 1565 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00014.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241DO UT WOS:000326146800009 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM Gronewold, AD AF Lofgren, Brent M. Gronewold, Andrew D. TI RECONCILING ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO PROJECTING HYDROLOGIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE C1 [Lofgren, Brent M.; Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM brent.lofgren@noaa.gov OI Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU GLERL; GLISA; CILER FX Thanks to Mantha Phanikumar for doing an initial review of this summary. The coconvenors had assistance in planning and executing the workshop from Anthony Acciaioli of the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) of the University of Michigan; David Bidwell of Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments (GLISA), a joint project of the University of Michigan and Michigan State University; and Allison Steiner of the Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences of the University of Michigan. Administrative and logistical assistance were provided by Dennis Donahue, D. J. Henman, Margaret Lansing, Cathy Darnell, Mike Ryan, and Mary Baumgartner, all of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL). Financial support was provided by GLERL, GLISA, and CILER. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 94 IS 10 BP ES133 EP ES135 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00037.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 241DO UT WOS:000326146800001 ER PT J AU Badin, G AF Badin, G. TI Surface semi-geostrophic dynamics in the ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Upper ocean and mixed layer processes; Fronts and jets ID ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY-SPECTRUM; UNIFORM POTENTIAL VORTICITY; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; BAROCLINIC MODES; FRONTOGENESIS; INSTABILITY; FRONTS; TEMPERATURE; DESTRUCTION; TROPOPAUSE AB The surface quasi-geostrophic approximation is re-written in an oceanic context using the two-dimensional semi-geostrophic approximation. The new formulation allows to take into account the presence of out-of-balance flow features at scales comparable to or smaller than the Rossby radius of deformation and for small bulk Richardson numbers. Analytical solutions show that, while the surface quasi-geostrophic approximation tends to underestimate the buoyancy anomaly, the inclusion of finite Rossby number allows for larger values of the buoyancy anomaly at depth. The projection of the surface semi-geostrophic solution on the first baroclinic modes is calculated. The result of the projection is a functional form that decreases with the values of the Rossby number and toward smaller scales. Solutions for constant and exponential profile for the background potential vorticity are compared. Results of the comparison show that, in agreement with the results found for balanced flows, even for large Rossby number the exponential profile for the background potential vorticity retains smaller values for the buoyancy anomaly at depth than the solution found using a constant potential vorticity profile. C1 [Badin, G.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, Hamburg, Germany. [Badin, G.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Badin, G (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, Hamburg, Germany. EM gualtiero.badin@zmaw.de RI Badin, Gualtiero/H-2193-2011 OI Badin, Gualtiero/0000-0002-0470-1192 FU NASA [NNX10AE93G]; ONR [N00014-09-1-0179]; DOE [DE-SC0005189]; NSF [AGS-1144302] FX I would like to thank A. Mahadevan and A. Tandon for invaluable discussions, F. Crisciani for reading an early draft of this manuscript and two anonymous referees for constructive comments. The Tricomi problem was pointed out to me by A. Mahadevan and L. Mahadevan. This study was partially funded by the following grants: NASA Grant NNX10AE93G, ONR Grant N00014-09-1-0179, DOE Grant DE-SC0005189 and NSF Grant AGS-1144302. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1929 EI 1029-0419 J9 GEOPHYS ASTRO FLUID JI Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 107 IS 5 BP 526 EP 540 DI 10.1080/03091929.2012.740479 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics GA 243HS UT WOS:000326308100004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Nai, K AF Xu, Qin Nai, Kang TI A two-step variational method for analyzing severely aliased radar velocity observations with small Nyquist velocities SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE variational analysis; aliased radar velocity; small Nyquist velocity ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; MIGRATING BIRDS AB By formulating the effect of radar velocity aliasing and the resulting zigzag discontinuities into the cost function for the velocity azimuth display (VAD) analysis, the previously developed alias-robust VAD analysis, called AR-VAD, can estimate the horizontal mean wind by directly fitting the VAD uniform-wind model to raw aliased radial-velocity observations. In this article, the AR-VAD analysis is further developed into a two-step alias-robust variational analysis, called AR-Var, to estimate the radial-velocity field beyond the VAD uniform-wind model from raw aliased radial-velocity observations on each range circle. In the first step, the original AR-VAD analysis is modified to fit the raw aliased radial-velocity observations around each of the two zero radial-velocity points on the selected range circle. The two analyzed radial-velocity fields are then combined into a single radial-velocity field not rigidly constrained by the VAD uniform-wind assumption. This combined radial-velocity field represents an improved fit to the observations over the entire range circle and thus can be used as the first-guess background to refine and perform the AR-Var analysis in the second step. The two-step AR-Var analysis can provide a reliable reference radial-velocity field for the reference check in radar velocity de-aliasing even when the Nyquist velocity is reduced below 12 m s(-1), and this is illustrated by both idealized and real examples. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141010778]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, US Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the article. The research work was supported by the ONR Grant N000141010778 to the University of Oklahoma. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, US Department of Commerce. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 139 IS 676 BP 1904 EP 1911 DI 10.1002/qj.2075 PN A PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 242LW UT WOS:000326244400015 ER PT J AU Meskhidze, N Petters, MD Tsigaridis, K Bates, T O'Dowd, C Reid, J Lewis, ER Gantt, B Anguelova, MD Bhave, PV Bird, J Callaghan, AH Ceburnis, D Chang, R Clarke, A de Leeuw, G Deane, G DeMott, PJ Elliot, S Facchini, MC Fairall, CW Hawkins, L Hu, YX Hudson, JG Johnson, MS Kaku, KC Keene, WC Kieber, DJ Long, MS Martensson, M Modini, RL Osburn, CL Prather, KA Pszenny, A Rinaldi, M Russell, LM Salter, M Sayer, AM Smirnov, A Suda, SR Toth, TD Worsnop, DR Wozniak, A Zorn, SR AF Meskhidze, Nicholas Petters, Markus D. Tsigaridis, Kostas Bates, Tim O'Dowd, Colin Reid, Jeff Lewis, Ernie R. Gantt, Brett Anguelova, Magdalena D. Bhave, Prakash V. Bird, James Callaghan, Adrian H. Ceburnis, Darius Chang, Rachel Clarke, Antony de Leeuw, Gerrit Deane, Grant DeMott, Paul J. Elliot, Scott Facchini, Maria Cristina Fairall, Chris W. Hawkins, Lelia Hu, Yongxiang Hudson, James G. Johnson, Matthew S. Kaku, Kathleen C. Keene, William C. Kieber, David J. Long, Michael S. Martensson, Monica Modini, Rob L. Osburn, Chris L. Prather, Kimberly A. Pszenny, Alex Rinaldi, Matteo Russell, Lynn M. Salter, Matthew Sayer, Andrew M. Smirnov, Alexander Suda, Sarah R. Toth, Travis D. Worsnop, Douglas R. Wozniak, Andrew Zorn, Soeren R. TI Production mechanisms, number concentration, size distribution, chemical composition, and optical properties of sea spray aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sea spray aerosol; source function; chemical composition; number concentration; optical properties C1 [Meskhidze, Nicholas; Petters, Markus D.; Gantt, Brett; Johnson, Matthew S.; Osburn, Chris L.; Suda, Sarah R.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Tsigaridis, Kostas] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bates, Tim] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [O'Dowd, Colin; Callaghan, Adrian H.; Ceburnis, Darius] Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, Ireland. [Reid, Jeff; Anguelova, Magdalena D.; Kaku, Kathleen C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lewis, Ernie R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bhave, Prakash V.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Bird, James] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Callaghan, Adrian H.; Modini, Rob L.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Chang, Rachel; Long, Michael S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Clarke, Antony] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Univ Helsinki, Deptartment Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Deane, Grant; Prather, Kimberly A.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [DeMott, Paul J.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Elliot, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Facchini, Maria Cristina; Rinaldi, Matteo] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Fairall, Chris W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hawkins, Lelia] Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hudson, James G.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Johnson, Matthew S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Keene, William C.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Kieber, David J.] SUNY, New York, NY USA. [Martensson, Monica] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Pszenny, Alex] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Salter, Matthew] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sayer, Andrew M.; Smirnov, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sayer, Andrew M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Toth, Travis D.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Wozniak, Andrew] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Meskhidze, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu RI O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Petters, Sarah/N-8450-2014; rinaldi, matteo/K-6083-2012; CHEMATMO Group, Isac/P-7180-2014; Gantt, Brett/G-2525-2013; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Modini, Rob/A-8451-2014; Facchini, Maria Cristina/B-3369-2014; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Petters, Markus/D-2144-2009; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; FACCHINI, MARIA CRISTINA/O-1230-2015; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; OI O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Petters, Sarah/0000-0002-4501-7127; rinaldi, matteo/0000-0001-6543-4000; Gantt, Brett/0000-0001-7217-2715; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Facchini, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-4833-9305; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Petters, Markus/0000-0002-4082-1693; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; FACCHINI, MARIA CRISTINA/0000-0003-4833-9305; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Salter, Matthew/0000-0003-0645-3265; Ceburnis, Darius/0000-0003-0231-5324 FU National Science Foundation - NSF [AGS-1236957]; Department of Energy office of Biological and Environmental Research [DOE-DE-SC0007995]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA [Z763701]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA [NNX12AK27G]; Marine Meteorology and Atmospheric Effects Program at the Department of Defense Office of Naval Research (DOD-ONR); NSF [CHE-1038028]; Irish Research Council; Marie Curie actions under FP7; National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Division [OCE-1155123] FX Funding for this workshop was provided by the National Science Foundation - NSF (AGS-1236957), the Department of Energy office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE-DE-SC0007995), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA (Z763701), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA (NNX12AK27G), and the Marine Meteorology and Atmospheric Effects Program at the Department of Defense Office of Naval Research (DOD-ONR). D. Ceburnis acknowledges EPA Ireland fellowship grant for travel support. K. Prather and G. Deane were supported by NSF (CHE-1038028) grant. A. H. Callaghan would like to acknowledge financial support from the Irish Research Council and Marie Curie actions under FP7 and the National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Division (Grant OCE-1155123). NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 4 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1002/asl2.441 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239NV UT WOS:000326033400002 ER PT J AU Lewis, R Wang, YD Schneider, H Lee, YC Radebaugh, R AF Lewis, Ryan Wang, Yunda Schneider, Hayley Lee, Y. C. Radebaugh, Ray TI Study of mixed refrigerant undergoing pulsating flow in micro coolers with pre-cooling SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Mixed refrigerant; Micro cooler; Two-phase flow; Pulsating flow AB Micro cryogenic coolers can provide low temperatures with a smaller volumetric footprint and smaller power draw than their conventional-scale counterparts. However, they can exhibit lower-than-desired cooling power. We measure the specific cooling power of a refrigerant expanding from a high pressure of 0.6 MPa to a low pressure of 0.1 MPa, while undergoing pulsating flow in a micro cryogenic cooler with pre-cooling. We further observe that the pulses in the flow-rate occur due to a volume of liquid forming in the high-pressure coupling mini-channel. The composition of the flowing refrigerant is analyzed with gas chromatography and thermal conductivity detection (GC/TCD), showing that there is no overall composition change in the refrigerant after it enters the pre-cooling lines. A model of the cooling power under such a pulsating flow regime is developed with good agreement to measured values. An improved refrigerant mixture is designed with this model, and subsequently tested, showing increased specific cooling power. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Ryan; Wang, Yunda; Schneider, Hayley; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radebaugh, Ray] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lewis, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjlewis@colorado.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 EI 1879-2235 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD OCT PY 2013 VL 57 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.07.001 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 238NN UT WOS:000325954800019 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, N Gallagher, AJ Carlson, JK AF Hammerschlag, Neil Gallagher, Austin J. Carlson, John K. TI A revised estimate of daily ration in the tiger shark with implication for assessing ecosystem impacts of apex predators SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; FEEDING-HABITS; DIET; ATLANTIC; GROWTH; SHIFTS; MASS; AGE C1 [Hammerschlag, Neil] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hammerschlag, Neil; Gallagher, Austin J.] Univ Miami, Leonard & Jayne Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hammerschlag, Neil; Gallagher, Austin J.] Univ Miami, RJ Dunlap Marine Conservat Program, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Hammerschlag, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nhammerschlag@rsmas.miami.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1274 DI 10.1111/1365-2435.12157 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230TS UT WOS:000325366500019 ER PT J AU Ellisor, D McLellan, W Koopman, H Schwacke, L McFee, W Kucklick, J AF Ellisor, Debra McLellan, William Koopman, Heather Schwacke, Lori McFee, Wayne Kucklick, John TI The distribution and stratification of persistent organic pollutants and fatty acids in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) blubber SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Persistent organic pollutants; Fatty acids; Bottlenose dolphin; Blubber; Biopsy sampling; Strandings ID PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; SAMPLING PROCEDURES; LIFE-HISTORY; SARASOTA BAY; WHALES; ORGANOCHLORINES; CONTAMINANTS; VERTEBRATES; PATTERNS; FLORIDA AB Blubber has been used for decades to monitor exposure of marine mammals to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, little is known about POP variability as a function of blubber depth and across the body of the animal. Remote blubber biopsy sampling (e.g, projectile biopsy) is the most common technique used to acquire samples from free-swimming animals, yet such techniques may result in variable sampling. It is important to understand whether blubber stratification or body location affects POP concentration or the concentration of other important blubber constituents such as fatty acids (FA). To investigate the influence of sampling depth and location on POP concentration, full depth blubber samples were taken from one stranded bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) at six different body sites to assess variation in FA distribution and contaminant storage with body location. Three of the samples from different body locations were separated into histologically distinct layers to examine the effect of blubber depth and body location on POPs and FAs. In this individual, both POPs and FAs were heterogeneous with blubber depth and body location. POP concentrations were significantly greater in ventral (average Sigma PBDEs 1350 ng/g lipid) and anterior (average Sigma PCBs 28700 ng/g lipid) body locations and greater in the superficial blubber layer (average Sigma PCBs 35500 ng/g lipid) when compared to the deep (8390 ng/g lipid) and middle (23,700 ng/g lipid) layers. Proportionally more dietary FAs were found in dorsal blubber and in middle and deep layers relative to other locations while the reverse was true for biosynthesized FAs. Stratification was further examined in blubber from the same body location in five additional stranded bottlenose dolphins. Although FAs were stratified with blubber depth, lipid-normalized POPs were not significantly different with depth, indicating that POP concentrations can vary in an individual with blubber depth though the direction of POP stratification is not consistent among individuals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ellisor, Debra; Kucklick, John] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Ellisor, Debra] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [McLellan, William; Koopman, Heather] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [McFee, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Kucklick, J (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM John.Kucklick@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 463 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 236WW UT WOS:000325831200066 PM 23835068 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Faber-Hammond, J Luckenbach, JA AF Phillips, Ruth B. Faber-Hammond, Joshua Luckenbach, John Adam TI The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) karyotype including the location of 5S and 18S rDNA and information on cell culture conditions SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria; karyotype; ribosomal RNA genes ID FISH; DUPLICATION C1 [Phillips, Ruth B.; Faber-Hammond, Joshua] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Phillips, Ruth B.; Luckenbach, John Adam] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Luckenbach, John Adam] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM phillipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu FU NOAA Fisheries (Northwest Sciences Fisheries Center, Seattle, WA) FX The authors acknowledge Dr William T. Fairgrieve for fish care and sampling assistance at Manchester, Washington. Funding for this project was provided by NOAA Fisheries (Northwest Sciences Fisheries Center, Seattle, WA). NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1801 EP 1804 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03177.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 233CV UT WOS:000325543900016 ER PT J AU Miehls, ALJ McAdam, AG Bourdeau, PE Peacor, SD AF Miehls, Andrea L. J. McAdam, Andrew G. Bourdeau, Paul E. Peacor, Scott D. TI Plastic response to a proxy cue of predation risk when direct cues are unreliable SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bythotrephes longimanus; gape-limited predation; inducible defense; invasive species; maternal effects; phenotypic plasticity; proxy cue; temperature ID AGE-0 YELLOW PERCH; INDUCED PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION; SOUTHWESTERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; LIFE-HISTORY SHIFTS; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; DAPHNIA-LUMHOLTZI; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SELECTIVE PREDATION; INDUCIBLE DEFENSES AB Responses to proximate cues that directly affect fitness or cues directly released by selective agents are well-documented forms of phenotypic plasticity. For example, to reduce predation risk, prey change phenotype in response to light level (e.g., moon phase) when light affects predation risk from visual predators, and to chemical cues (kairomones) released by predators. Less well understood is the potential for organisms to perceive predation risk through proxy cues: proximate cues that correlate with, but do not directly affect predation risk. Previous field studies indicate that body and spine length of an invasive cladoceran in Lake Michigan, Bythotrephes longimanus (the spiny water flea), increase during the growing season, coincident with a decrease in clutch size. Although the cause of seasonal trait changes is not known, changes are associated with warmer water temperature and increased predation risk from gape-limited fish (i.e., fish whose ability to consume Bythotrephes is limited by mouth size). Using a laboratory experiment, we found no effect of fish (Perca flavescens) kairomones on Bythotrephes morphology or life history. In contrast, higher water temperature led to longer absolute spine and body length, increased investment in morphological defense of offspring (measured as the ratio of spine-to-body length), and decreased clutch size and age at reproduction. These plastic responses are unlikely to be adaptive to temperature per se, but rather our findings indicate that temperature serves as a proxy cue of fish predation risk. Temperature correlates with risk of gape-limited fish predation due to growth of fish from larval stages incapable of consuming Bythotrephes early in the season, to larger sizes by midseason increasingly capable of consuming Bythotrephes, but limited by gape size to consuming smaller individuals. We argue that for Bythotrephes, temperature is a more reliable cue of predation risk than fish kairomones, because fish kairomones are present throughout the season due to continual presence of non-gape-limited adult fish, to which plastic response would have little effect. Organisms may, therefore, not only respond to changes in an environmental factor because the factor directly affects risk, but also when the environmental factor serves as a proxy signaling change in predation risk. C1 [Miehls, Andrea L. J.; Bourdeau, Paul E.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Miehls, Andrea L. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [McAdam, Andrew G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Miehls, ALJ (reprint author), USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM amiehls@glfc.org RI McAdam, Andrew/G-1802-2010 OI McAdam, Andrew/0000-0001-7323-2572 FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission; National Science Foundation [DEB-0089809]; EPA [FP91698801-0]; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for thorough and helpful comments. Dennis Donahue and Andrew Yagiela provided support with research vessels and field work. Steven Pothoven and Doran Mason provided direction and consultation on Lake Michigan ecology as well as assistance with research facilities. Brittany Damschroder, Lydia Kramer, Monica Lucas, Ian McCririe, Scott Miehls, Veronica Quesnell, Emily Reed, Alexandra Sookhai, Ben Staton, Marie Stevenson, and Brandon Vieder helped to collect data. Jason Fischer, Natalie Kim, Kevin Pangle, Kim Schulz, and Peder Yurista provided valuable help with Bythotrephes culturing protocols. Scott Miehls and Andria Salas provided additional methodological assistance. We thank Carla Caceres and Doug Schemske for rigorous discussions of results of this study, and Christian Laforsch and Quirin Herzog for additional experimental investigation into our findings. This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, the National Science Foundation (DEB-0089809), and an EPA Science to5 Achieve Results fellowship (Agreement No. FP91698801-0). This work has not been formally reviewed by the EPA and the views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors. S. D. Peacor acknowledges support from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. This is contribution number 1666 of the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 69 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2013 VL 94 IS 10 BP 2237 EP 2248 DI 10.1890/12-2250.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235CN UT WOS:000325692900016 PM 24358710 ER PT J AU Bonin, CA Goebel, ME Forcada, J Burton, RS Hoffman, JI AF Bonin, Carolina A. Goebel, Michael E. Forcada, Jaume Burton, Ronald S. Hoffman, Joseph I. TI Unexpected genetic differentiation between recently recolonized populations of a long-lived and highly vagile marine mammal SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Colonization; gene flow; genetic differentiation; genetic diversity; pinniped ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SITE FIDELITY; SOUTH SHETLAND; DNA; INFERENCE; ISLAND; LOCI; CONSEQUENCES AB Many species have been heavily exploited by man leading to local extirpations, yet few studies have attempted to unravel subsequent recolonization histories. This has led to a significant gap in our knowledge of the long-term effects of exploitation on the amount and structure of contemporary genetic variation, with important implications for conservation. The Antarctic fur seal provides an interesting case in point, having been virtually exterminated in the nineteenth century but subsequently staged a dramatic recovery to recolonize much of its original range. Consequently, we evaluated the hypothesis that South Georgia (SG), where a few million seals currently breed, was the main source of immigrants to other locations including Livingston Island (LI), by genotyping 366 individuals from these two populations at 17 microsatellite loci and sequencing a 263bp fragment of the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1. Contrary to expectations, we found highly significant genetic differences at both types of marker, with 51% of LI individuals carrying haplotypes that were not observed in 246 animals from SG. Moreover, the youngest of three sequentially founded colonies at LI showed greater similarity to SG at mitochondrial DNA than microsatellites, implying temporal and sex-specific variation in recolonization. Our findings emphasize the importance of relict populations and provide insights into the mechanisms by which severely depleted populations can recover while maintaining surprisingly high levels of genetic diversity. C1 [Bonin, Carolina A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Forcada, Jaume] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB 0ET, England. [Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hoffman, Joseph I.] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Hoffman, JI (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. EM joseph.hoffman@uni-bielefeld.de RI hoffman, joseph/K-7725-2012; Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010 OI hoffman, joseph/0000-0001-5895-8949; FU National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0903551]; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Marie Curie Career Integration Grant [PCIG-GA-2011-303618]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Bielefeld University FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (Grant # 0903551), a research grant from the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG-GA-2011-303618). Support for the publication fee was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Funds of Bielefeld University. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 3 IS 11 BP 3701 EP 3712 DI 10.1002/ece3.732 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 232IF UT WOS:000325486000006 PM 24198934 ER PT J AU Cygan, A Wojtewicz, S Domyslawska, J Maslowski, P Bielska, K Piwinski, M Stec, K Trawinski, RS Ozimek, F Radzewicz, C Abe, H Ido, T Hodges, JT Lisak, D Ciurylo, R AF Cygan, A. Wojtewicz, S. Domyslawska, J. Maslowski, P. Bielska, K. Piwinski, M. Stec, K. Trawinski, R. S. Ozimek, F. Radzewicz, C. Abe, H. Ido, T. Hodges, J. T. Lisak, D. Ciurylo, R. TI Spectral line-shapes investigation with Pound-Drever-Hall-locked frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENT VOIGT PROFILES; AR-BROADENED HF; FABRY-PEROT-INTERFEROMETER; SPEED-CHANGING COLLISIONS; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COMB SPECTROSCOPY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; MULTIPLET SPECTRA AB A review of recent experiments involving a newly developed Pound-Drever-Hall-locked frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (PDH-locked FS-CRDS) system is presented. By comparison to standard FS-CRDS, the PDH lock of the probe laser to the ring-down cavity optimized coupling into the cavity, thus increasing the ring-down signal acquisition rate nearly 300-fold to 14 kHz and reducing the noise-equivalent absorption coefficient by more than an order of magnitude to 7 x 10(-11) cm(-1). We discuss how averaging approximately 1000 spectra yielded a signal-to-noise ratio of 220000. We also discuss how the spectrum frequency axis was linked to an optical frequency comb, thus enabling absolute frequency measurements of molecular optical transitions at sub-MHz levels. Applications of the spectrometer to molecular line-shape studies are also presented. For these investigations, we use semi-classical line-shape models that consider the influence of Dicke narrowing as well as the speed dependence of the pressure broadening and shifting to fit spectra. We show that the improved precision and spectrum fidelity of the spectrometer enable precise determinations of line-shape parameters. We also discuss the importance of line-shape analysis with regard to the development of new spectroscopic databases as well as in the optical determination of the Boltzmann constant. C1 [Cygan, A.; Wojtewicz, S.; Domyslawska, J.; Maslowski, P.; Bielska, K.; Piwinski, M.; Stec, K.; Trawinski, R. S.; Lisak, D.; Ciurylo, R.] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ozimek, F.; Radzewicz, C.] Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydzial Fizyki, Inst Fizyki Doswiadczalnej, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Abe, H.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Ido, T.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. RP Cygan, A (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM rciurylo@fizyka.umk.pl RI Piwinski, Mariusz/D-6648-2014; Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Trawinski, Ryszard /G-3523-2014; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Domyslawska, Jolanta/H-7167-2014; Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Abe, Hisashi/J-4129-2015 OI Piwinski, Mariusz/0000-0001-5847-2578; Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Abe, Hisashi/0000-0002-1473-0659 FU Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Development Fund; National Science Center [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491]; Foundation for Polish Science START Project FX This work was partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project cofinanced by the EU European Development Fund and by the National Science Center, Project No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491. The research is part of the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. A. Cygan is partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science START Project. NR 237 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 57 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 EI 1951-6401 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 222 IS 9 BP 2119 EP 2142 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2013-01990-0 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 235JX UT WOS:000325715600008 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Vandersea, MW Buckel, CA Kibler, SR Holland, WC Davenport, ED Clark, RD Edwards, KF Taylor, JC Vander Pluym, JL Hickerson, EL Litaker, RW AF Tester, Patricia A. Vandersea, Mark W. Buckel, Christine A. Kibler, Steven R. Holland, William C. Davenport, Erik D. Clark, Randall D. Edwards, Kimberly F. Taylor, J. Christopher Vander Pluym, Jennifer L. Hickerson, Emma L. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae) species diversity in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Benthic dinoflagellate; Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP); Climate change; Depth distribution; Growth requirements; Water temperature ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CIGUATERA; CAROLINA; LIGHT; OCEAN; SEA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GONYAULACALES; COMMUNITY; HABITAT AB Globally, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the principal cause of non-bacterial illness associated with seafood consumption. The toxins (ciguatoxins) responsible for CFP are produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus, which are endemic to tropical and sub-tropical areas. Ciguatoxins are lipophilic and bioaccumulate in marine food webs, typically reaching their highest concentrations in fish. Following a CFP event in 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) issued a ciguatera toxin alert that included fish harvested in the northern Gulf of Mexico in and near the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS). The East Flower Garden Bank (EFGB) and West Flower Garden Bank (WFGB) are characterized by thriving coral communities that support Gambierdiscus growth. This study was undertaken specifically to document the diversity of Gambierdiscus species present in the sanctuary that may be sources of ciguatoxins entering the food web. Samples collected from the FGBNMS over a three year period were screened using species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays. A diverse assemblage of Gambierdiscus species was distributed to depths of >45 m, a new depth record for Gambierdiscus. Gambierdiscus belizeanus, Gambierdiscus caribaeus, Gambierdiscus carolinianus, Gambierdiscus carpenteri and Gambierdiscus ribotype 2 were all found on both East and West FGB with Gambierdiscus ruetzleri also recorded from the WFGB. The most common species was G. carolinianus, originally identified from samples collected between 35 and 40 m off the coast of NC, USA. Our findings are consistent with recent physiological studies showing that some Gambierdiscus species can grow year round at the temperatures and salinities at the FGBNMS and at light levels as low as 10 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). Such irradiances are estimated to occur in the FGBNMS at depths of 7080 m. The consistent recovery of Gambierdiscus species from deep sampling sites in areas known to produce ciguatoxic fish signals a substantial change in our concept of suitable habitats for Gambierdiscus to include depths greater than 50 m. (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tester, Patricia A.; Vandersea, Mark W.; Buckel, Christine A.; Kibler, Steven R.; Holland, William C.; Taylor, J. Christopher; Vander Pluym, Jennifer L.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Davenport, Erik D.; Clark, Randall D.; Edwards, Kimberly F.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hickerson, Emma L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Pat.Tester@noaa.gov; Mark.W.Vandersea@noaa.gov; Christine.Addison@noaa.gov; Steve.Kibler@noaa.gov; Chris.Holland@noaa.gov; Eric.Davenport@noaa.gov; Randy.Clark@noaa.gov; Chris.Taylor@noaa.gov; Jenny.Vanderpluym@noaa.gov; Emma.Hickerson@noaa.gov; Wayne.Litaker@noaa.gov FU Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) program [753] FX We would like to thank the following individuals from the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research (CCFHR) and other colleagues assisting CCFHR on dive operations for their willingness to collect samples from various locations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean: John Burke, Dave Cerino, Brian Degan, Mike Dowgiallo, Don Field, Wilson Freshwater, Brett Harrison, David Johnson, Doug Kesling, William Lee, Roger Mays, James Morris, Roldan Munoz, Brandon Puckett, Sherry Reed, Elliot Weston and Paula Whitfield. We also kindly thank Frankie and Chris Hill, Errol Dakin, Bill Sunda, Amy Nau and Carmelo Tomas for providing cultures or samples of opportunity in the Caribbean region. Reference to trade names does not imply product endorsement by the National Ocean Service, NOAA. Partial support was provided by the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) program, contribution 753.[SS] NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.07.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 235SU UT WOS:000325741800001 ER PT J AU Klotzbach, PJ Blake, ES AF Klotzbach, Philip J. Blake, Eric S. TI North-Central Pacific Tropical Cyclones: Impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Madden-Julian Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE North Pacific Ocean; ENSO; Madden-Julian oscillation; Tropical cyclones ID CYCLOGENESIS; INDEX; MJO AB Both El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) have been documented in previous research to impact tropical cyclone (TC) activity around the globe. This study examines the relationship of each mode individually along with a combined index on tropical cyclone activity in the north-central Pacific. Approximately twice as many tropical cyclones form in the north-central Pacific in El Nino years compared with La Nina years. These differences are attributed to a variety of factors, including warmer sea surface temperatures, lower sea level pressures, increased midlevel moisture, and anomalous midlevel ascent in El Nino years. When the convectively enhanced phase of the MJO is located over the eastern and central tropical Pacific, the north-central Pacific tends to have more tropical cyclone activity, likely because of reduced vertical wind shear, lower sea level pressures, and increased vertical motion. The convectively enhanced phase of the MJO is also responsible for most of the TCs that undergo rapid intensification in the north-central Pacific. A combined MJO-ENSO index that is primarily associated with anomalous rising motion over the tropical eastern Pacific has an even stronger relationship with north-central Pacific TCs, as well as rapid intensification, than either individually. C1 [Klotzbach, Philip J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blake, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Klotzbach, PJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM philk@atmos.colostate.edu RI Klotzbach, Philip/P-1911-2014 OI Klotzbach, Philip/0000-0001-5372-6241 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 26 IS 19 BP 7720 EP 7733 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00809.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 222TH UT WOS:000324753900026 ER PT J AU Tselioudis, G Rossow, W Zhang, YC Konsta, D AF Tselioudis, George Rossow, William Zhang, Yuanchong Konsta, Dimitra TI Global Weather States and Their Properties from Passive and Active Satellite Cloud Retrievals SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate classification; regimes; Cloud radiative effects; Cloud retrieval; Satellite observations ID TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; STATISTICAL-MODEL; REGIMES; ISCCP; IDENTIFICATION; CONVECTION; PROFILES; BUDGET AB In this study, the authors apply a clustering algorithm to International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud optical thickness-cloud top pressure histograms in order to derive weather states (WSs) for the global domain. The cloud property distribution within each WS is examined and the geographical variability of each WS is mapped. Once the global WSs are derived, a combination of CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) vertical cloud structure retrievals is used to derive the vertical distribution of the cloud field within each WS. Finally, the dynamic environment and the radiative signature of the WSs are derived and their variability is examined. The cluster analysis produces a comprehensive description of global atmospheric conditions through the derivation of 11 WSs, each representing a distinct cloud structure characterized by the horizontal distribution of cloud optical depth and cloud top pressure. Matching those distinct WSs with cloud vertical profiles derived from CloudSat and CALIPSO retrievals shows that the ISCCP WSs exhibit unique distributions of vertical layering that correspond well to the horizontal structure of cloud properties. Matching the derived WSs with vertical velocity measurements shows a normal progression in dynamic regime when moving from the most convective to the least convective WS. Time trend analysis of the WSs shows a sharp increase of the fair-weather WS in the 1990s and a flattening of that increase in the 2000s. The fact that the fair-weather WS is the one with the lowest cloud radiative cooling capability implies that this behavior has contributed excess radiative warming to the global radiative budget during the 1990s. C1 [Tselioudis, George; Zhang, Yuanchong] Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tselioudis, George; Zhang, Yuanchong] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tselioudis, George; Konsta, Dimitra] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Atmospher Phys & Climatol, Athens, Greece. [Rossow, William] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Tselioudis, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, GISS, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM gt9@columbia.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Konsta, Dimitra/O-5205-2015 FU NASA MAP program; NASA MEaSUREs program; NOAA CDR program; EU FP7 EUCLIPSE program FX The authors of this work would like to acknowledge support by the NASA MAP and MEaSUREs programs, the NOAA CDR program, and the EU FP7 EUCLIPSE program. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 26 IS 19 BP 7734 EP 7746 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00024.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 222TH UT WOS:000324753900027 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Singh, G Dang, A Dai, L Bockstaller, MR Akgun, B Satija, S Karim, A AF Zhang, Ren Singh, Gurpreet Dang, Alei Dai, Lu Bockstaller, Michael R. Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil Karim, Alamgir TI Nanoparticle-Driven Orientation Transition and Soft-Shear Alignment in Diblock Copolymer Films via Dynamic Thermal Gradient Field SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aligned nanostructure; block copolymers; composites; nanoparticles; zone annealing ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; BLOCK AB Sharp dynamic thermal gradient (delta T approximate to 45 degrees C mm(-1)) field-driven assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer (c-BCP) films filled with PS-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs; d(NP) approximate to 3.6 nm, phi(NP) approximate to 0-0.1) is studied. The influence of increasing AuNP loading fraction on dispersion and assembly of AuNPs within c-BCP (PS-PMMA) films is investigated via both static and dynamic thermal gradient fields. With phi(NP)increasing, a sharp transition from vertical to random in-plane horizontal cylinder orientation is observed due to enrichment of AuNPs at the substrate side and favorable interaction of PMMA chains with gold cores. Furthermore, a detachable capping elastomer layer can self-align these random oriented PMMA microdomains into unidirectional hybrid AuNP/c-BCP nanolines, quantified with an alignment order parameter, S. C1 [Zhang, Ren; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Singh, Gurpreet] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. [Dang, Alei; Dai, Lu; Bockstaller, Michael R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu RI Bockstaller, Michael/A-9124-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 OI Bockstaller, Michael/0000-0001-9046-9539; FU National Science Foundation [NSF DMR-1006421, DMR-906473]; Air Force Office for Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0169] FX We would like to thank Prof. Bryan Vogt (UA) and his student Changhuai Ye for ellipsometric measurements and data analysis. This CZA-S research work was supported by the National Science Foundation (via Grant NSF DMR-1006421). M.R.B. acknowledges financial support by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (via grant FA9550-09-1-0169) and the National Science Foundation (via grant DMR-906473). NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 EI 1521-3927 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 34 IS 20 BP 1642 EP 1647 DI 10.1002/marc.201300485 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 234AB UT WOS:000325610000008 PM 24105959 ER PT J AU Perrin, WF Rosel, PE Cipriano, F AF Perrin, William F. Rosel, Patricia E. Cipriano, Frank TI How to contend with paraphyly in the taxonomy of the delphinine cetaceans? SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Delphinidae; Delphininae; Stenella; Delphinus; Tursiops; Lagenodelphis; Sousa; phylogeny; classification ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; MULTILOCUS PHYLOGENY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CYTOCHROME-B; DOLPHINS; RADIATION; SEQUENCES; CETARTIODACTYLA; INFERENCE AB Molecular phylogenetic analyses conducted over the past 15yr have consistently had difficulties resolving relationships among the cetacean species in the subfamily Delphininae. In addition, paraphyly of the genera Tursiops and Stenella in these molecular phylogenies has been a recurrent problem since the first appearance of such a phylogeny in 1999, suggesting that these genera do not accurately reflect the evolutionary relationships of the species they contain. Morphological analyses have not resolved the issues. The genera in Delphininae originated in the 19th Century on questionable morphological grounds. The species were nearly all originally described in the genus Delphinus of Linnaeus. Recent molecular phylogenies based on various mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers have suggested a wide range of possible relationships among these taxa, and several authors have suggested synonymizing all the taxa (Lagenodelphis, Stenella, Sousa, and Tursiops) under Delphinus. Until molecular and/or morphological analyses adequately sort out relationships in this very recently radiated group, one possible solution indeed would be to merge all the delphinine genera with Delphinus. Implications of such a move and alternatives are discussed.Editor's Note: Papers from past Norris Award winners have primarily been a revised or reduced version of the actual presentation given as a plenary talk at the biennial conference. Dr. Perrin requested being allowed to take a topic from his presentation and expand on it to present a set of ideas in the form of an essay that could pass the rigors of the peer-review process. As a result, this Norris Award paper has undergone peer-review and has taken longer than usual for a Norris Award paper to appear in the journal following its presentation at the biennial conference. It also has co-authors, with varying opinions on the issues discussed in the essay, to cover appropriately and more thoroughly those components of the paper that required additional expertise. I believe this approach has produced an excellent, thought-provoking essay and is an approach that should be available to future Norris Award winners if they so choose to take it. Since this essay is meant to elicit dialogue, comments are welcome and will be considered for publication in Letters to the Editor. C1 [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Cipriano, Frank] Genom Transcript Anal Core, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM william.perrin@noaa.gov NR 85 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 567 EP 588 DI 10.1111/mms.12051 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800015 ER PT J AU Lennert-Cody, CE Rusin, JD Maunder, MN Everett, EH Delgado, EDL Tomlinson, PK AF Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E. Rusin, Jeremy D. Maunder, Mark N. Everett, Edward H. Delgado, Erick D. Largacha Tomlinson, Patrick K. TI Studying small purse-seine vessel fishing behavior with tuna catch data: Implications for eastern Pacific Ocean dolphin conservation SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tuna-dolphin; ETP; random forests; International Dolphin Conservation Program; monitoring ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; INCIDENTAL KILL; FISHERY; MORTALITY; IMPACTS; CONTROVERSY; RECOVERY AB Despite achievements in dolphin conservation for the tuna purse-seine fishery of the eastern Pacific Ocean, debate continues about the magnitude and importance of dolphin mortality caused by small (unobserved) vessels. In-port sampling of tuna catch size composition is a potentially cost-effective means of identifying unobserved vessels that may be catching tunas associated with dolphins because yellowfin tuna caught in association with dolphins are larger, on average, than those caught in other types of purse-seine sets. A classification algorithm to predict purse-seine set type (dolphin vs. nondolphin) was built from port-sampling data on yellowfin tuna length-frequencies and the date and location of fishing of large (observed) vessels. This classification algorithm was used to screen the port-sampling data of small vessels collected during 2006-2009, assuming the fishing practices of the two groups resulted in similar catch characteristics. From these results, hypothetical time series of dolphin mortality for small vessels were constructed and incorporated into a population dynamics model, along with mortalities of large vessels. Results suggest that any dolphin mortality of small vessels is unlikely to be substantially affecting trends in dolphin abundance. These results underscore the importance of in-port sampling, in combination with at-sea observation and fishery-independent surveys, to effective management. C1 [Lennert-Cody, Cleridy E.; Maunder, Mark N.; Everett, Edward H.; Delgado, Erick D. Largacha; Tomlinson, Patrick K.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rusin, Jeremy D.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lennert-Cody, CE (reprint author), Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM clennert@iattc.org FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service [AB133F-05-CN-1320] FX This work was funded by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service under Contract No. AB133F-05-CN-1320. We gratefully thank those who provided input into sampling design, data management, and logistical support: Robin Allen, Ernesto Altamirano, David Bratten, Joanne Boster, Trisha Culver, Judi Jzyk, Jessica Kondel, Don Petersen, Nora Roa-Wade, and Nickolas Vogel. This work would not have been possible without the data collected by IATTC observers and field office staff, and the support of the Parties to the AIDCP. This manuscript greatly benefited from reviews by Alexandre Aires-da-Silva, Eric Archer, William Bayliff, Rick Deriso, Tim Gerrodette, Michael Scott, and three anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 643 EP 668 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00608.x PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800019 ER PT J AU Rankin, S Archer, F Barlow, J AF Rankin, Shannon Archer, Frederick Barlow, Jay TI Vocal activity of tropical dolphins is inhibited by the presence of killer whales, Orcinus orca SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE killer whales; dolphin behavior; acoustic behavior; predator avoidance ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BEHAVIOR; VOCALIZATIONS; PREDATION; COMMUNICATION; EVOLUTION; WHISTLE; MAMMALS; SIGNALS; CONTEXT AB Research has suggested killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation may affect cetacean vocal behavior; however, few data exist to test this hypothesis. Data collected during 40,976km of visual and acoustic shipboard surveys in the tropical Pacific Ocean, including 1,232 detections of 13 species, were examined to determine if changes in dolphin vocal activity could be attributed to the presence of killer whales. Generalized linear models and Random Forest analyses were used to test the hypothesis that dolphin vocal activity was related to the distance and time to the nearest killer whale sighting. Both results show that dolphin vocalizations were inversely correlated with the temporal proximity of killer whales (P<0.05). Despite the relative rarity of killer whales in the tropics, they appear to influence vocal behavior of nearby dolphin schools. This disruption in communication may not significantly impact interactions necessary for survival in tropical waters where killer whale density is low. However, in temperate climates, where increased productivity supports a greater abundance of killer whales, this interruption in communication may have a greater impact. The lower incidence of whistling dolphins in temperate waters may be related to the greater abundance of killer whales in these areas. C1 [Rankin, Shannon; Archer, Frederick; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Rankin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM shannon.rankin@noaa.gov FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center; U. S. Navy FX This work could not have been accomplished without the assistance and cooperation of the scientists, officers and crew of the R/V McArthur, McArthur II, and the David Starr Jordan. Special thanks to Julie Oswald, Al Jackson, Annette Henry, Liz Ferguson, and the many acousticians who helped in the field. This manuscript was improved from the comments provided by Danielle Cholewiak, Paula Olson, and Rene Swift. Funding for this research was provided by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the U. S. Navy. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 679 EP 690 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00613.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800021 ER PT J AU Rossman, S Barros, NB Ostrom, PH Stricker, CA Hohn, AA Gandhi, H Wells, RS AF Rossman, Sam Barros, Nelio B. Ostrom, Peggy H. Stricker, Craig A. Hohn, Aleta A. Gandhi, Hasand Wells, Randall S. TI Retrospective analysis of bottlenose dolphin foraging: A legacy of anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tursiops truncatus; bottlenose dolphin; stable isotopes; foraging ecology; seagrass; nutrient loading ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHWEST FLORIDA; FISH COMMUNITIES; SARASOTA BAY; CARBON; TEETH; FOOD; FRACTIONATION AB We used stable isotope analysis to investigate the foraging ecology of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in relation to a series of anthropogenic disturbances. We first demonstrated that stable isotopes are a faithful indicator of habitat use by comparing muscle isotope values to behavioral foraging data from the same individuals. C-13 values increased, while S-34 and N-15 values decreased with the percentage of feeding observations in seagrass habitat. We then utilized stable isotope values of muscle to assess temporal variation in foraging habitat from 1991 to 2010 and collagen from tooth crown tips to assess the time period 1944 to 2007. From 1991 to 2010, C-13 values of muscle decreased while S-34 values increased indicating reduced utilization of seagrass habitat. From 1944 to 1989 C-13 values of the crown tip declined significantly, likely due to a reduction in the coverage of seagrass habitat and N-15 values significantly increased, a trend we attribute to nutrient loading from a rapidly increasing human population. Our results demonstrate the utility of using marine mammal foraging habits to retrospectively assess the extent to which anthropogenic disturbance impacts coastal food webs. C1 [Rossman, Sam; Ostrom, Peggy H.; Gandhi, Hasand] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Barros, Nelio B.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Stricker, Craig A.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Rossman, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM rossmans@msu.edu RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU National Science Foundation [0802267]; Marine Mammal Commission [E4047334] FX Thanks to C. Gulbransen (USGS) for conducting the sulfur isotope analyses and Yun-Jia Lo (Michigan State University) for statistical consulting. We are indebted to the efforts of Nelio Barros who provided samples and the inspiration for this work. Nathaniel Ostrom (Michigan State University), Jay Leverone and Mark Alderson (Sarasota Bay Estuary Program) as well as David Tomasko provided discussions that improved this manuscript. Samples from live dolphins were collected under a series of National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permits since 1984 and Mote Marine Laboratory IACUC approvals. Sample collection from Sarasota Bay resident dolphins was supported by Dolphin Quest, Earthwatch Institute, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, National Marine Fisheries Service, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the International Whaling Commission. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (0802267) as well as Marine Mammal Commission Contract #E4047334. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government, Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zoological Society or Michigan State University. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 705 EP 718 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00618.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800023 ER PT J AU West, KL Sanchez, S Rotstein, D Robertson, KM Dennison, S Levine, G Davis, N Schofield, D Potter, CW Jensen, B AF West, Kristi L. Sanchez, Susan Rotstein, David Robertson, Kelly M. Dennison, Sophie Levine, Gregg Davis, Nicole Schofield, David Potter, Charles W. Jensen, Brenda TI A Longman's beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) strands in Maui, Hawaii, with first case of morbillivirus in the central Pacific SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; COMMON DOLPHINS; SITE FIDELITY; INFECTION; OCEAN; DNA; WATERS C1 [West, Kristi L.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Sanchez, Susan] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Robertson, Kelly M.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Dennison, Sophie] Marine Mammal Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. [Davis, Nicole; Schofield, David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Potter, Charles W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jensen, Brenda] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP West, KL (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM kwest@hpu.edu FU Prescott Grant Program FX We would like to thank Dera Look and Hawaii Stranding Response Network volunteers for their heroic efforts to recover this fresh specimen from Hana. We thank Dr. J. T. Saliki for his leadership, support and advice. We are also grateful to the staff of the Molecular Biology section of the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic lab for their dedication and assistance provided in the identification of this novel virus. We also thank Robin Baird for providing a preliminary species identification of the specimen. We are grateful to Whitney White, Susan Fertall White, and Robert Brownell. W. F. Perrin and Kerri Danil provided helpful comments that improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the Prescott Grant Program. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 767 EP 776 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00616.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800026 ER PT J AU Pitman, R AF Pitman, Robert TI MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES OF INDIA SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pitman, Robert] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Robert.pitman@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 777 EP 779 DI 10.1111/mms.12061 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800027 ER PT J AU Barbieri, MM Raverty, S Hanson, MB Venn-Watson, S Ford, JKB Gaydos, JK AF Barbieri, Michelle M. Raverty, Stephen Hanson, M. Bradley Venn-Watson, Stephanie Ford, John K. B. Gaydos, Joseph K. TI Spatial and temporal analysis of killer whale (Orcinus orca) strandings in the North Pacific Ocean and the benefits of a coordinated stranding response protocol SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE killer whales; Orcinus orca; stranding; North Pacific Ocean; disease; necropsy ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; MARINE MAMMALS; PREY ABUNDANCE; JAPAN; HOKKAIDO; AGE; POD AB Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, yet little has been documented about their stranding patterns. Knowledge of stranding patterns improves our ability to examine and sample carcasses and provides a foundation for understanding killer whale natural history, diet, reproduction, anthropogenic stressors, emerging diseases, and patterns of unusual mortality. We compiled published and unpublished killer whale stranding data to describe stranding patterns in the North Pacific Ocean. Between 1925 and 2011, 371 stranded killer whales were reported in Japan (20.4%), Russia (3.5%), Alaska (32.0%), British Columbia (27.4%), Washington (4.0%), Oregon (2.7%), California (5.1%), Mexico (3.8%), and Hawaii (0.8%). Strandings occurred at all times of year, but regionally specific seasonal differences were observed. Mortality and annual census data from Northern and Southern Resident populations were extrapolated to estimate that across the North Pacific, an average of 48 killer whales die annually. However, over the last two decades, an average of only 10 killer whale carcasses were recovered annually in this ocean, making each event a rare opportunity for study. Publication of a standardized killer whale necropsy protocol and dedicated funding facilitated the number of complete postmortem necropsies performed on stranded killer whales from 1.6% to 32.2% annually. C1 [Barbieri, Michelle M.; Gaydos, Joseph K.] UC Davis Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Orcas Isl Off, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. [Raverty, Stephen] British Columbia Minist Agr & Food, Ctr Anim Hlth, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. [Raverty, Stephen] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, East Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Venn-Watson, Stephanie] Epitracker Analyt, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Ford, John K. B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Barbieri, MM (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM barbierim@TMMC.org OI Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 FU NOAA Fisheries FX We thank the numerous individuals from around the world that provided information about killer whale strandings from their region, especially, D. Bain, R. Baird, L. Barrett-Leonard, G. Ellis, K. Jackson, C. Kemper, E. Kompanje, A. Mironova, M. Ogino, R. Osborne, E. Poncelet, M. Sternfeld, and K. Wilkinson. The project also would not have been possible without the help of M. Artois, D. Bain, A. Baretto, J. Barnett, K. Barthelmess, M. Berman, T. Besser, C. Callahan, P. Calle, L. Dalla-Rosa, P-Y. Daoust, N. Davison, S. DeGuise, H. Dietz, P. Duff, P. Duignan, S. Ferguson, T. Flaherty, M. Fleetwood, K. Flynn, P. Folkens, R. French, C. Fung, S. Gomez de Farias Jr., F. Gulland, P. Hamilton, K. Heise, D. Janiger, A. Jensen, P. Jepson, R. Lewis, D. Look, S. Kennedy, P. Komnenou, T. Kuiken, S. Lair, J. Lein, L. Measures, R. Moeller, T. Morner, M. Morrice, S. Murphy, O. Nielsen, L. Paul, K. Prager, A. Romero, K. Rose, P. Ross, T. Rowles, D. Schofield, A. Shestopalov, E. Stredulinsky, C. Smeenk, P. Tygrve, M. Uhart, M. VanBressem, O. Van Canneyt, I. Vilchis, E. Wamba, H. Whitney, R. Woods, W. Yang, and T. Zabka who provided contact information for killer whale biologists or killer whale stranding information. We thank K. Balcomb, G. Ellis, A. Friedlaender, W. McLellan, and J. Watson for reviewing early versions of this manuscript and for providing constructive comments. This work was supported by a grant from NOAA Fisheries, as well as by in-kind support from the U.S. Navy and the SeaDoc Society, a marine ecosystem health program of the Wildlife Health Center at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine (http://www.seadocsociety.org). NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP E448 EP E462 DI 10.1111/mms.12044 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800006 ER PT J AU Fish, FE Goetz, KT Rugh, DJ Brattstrom, LV AF Fish, Frank E. Goetz, Kimberly T. Rugh, David J. Brattstroem, Linda Vate TI Hydrodynamic patterns associated with echelon formation swimming by feeding bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BALEEN WHALES; BEAUFORT SEA; BEHAVIOR; MAMMALS; ALASKA; FISHES C1 [Fish, Frank E.] W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. [Goetz, Kimberly T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Brattstroem, Linda Vate] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fish, FE (reprint author), W Chester Univ, Dept Biol, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. EM ffish@wcupa.edu FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, U.S. Department of Interior FX The BOWFEST program was funded by the Minerals Management Service (currently the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, U.S. Department of Interior) with considerable support from Dr. Chuck Monnett. We greatly appreciate NOAA's Aircraft Operation Center for providing the aircraft and crew. We also thank Don LeRoi for the loan of the FMC mount and assisting with the camera mount installation, Craig George (North Slope Borough) for providing the calibration targets and infield support, and Phillip Clapham for his comments on an earlier version of this report. Steve Okkonen provided insights on the current oceanographic conditions. We appreciate reviews provided by Alex Werth and an anonymous reviewer. This study was conducted under MMPA Scientific Research Permit No. 782-1719-09. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP E498 EP E507 DI 10.1111/mms.12004 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800009 ER PT J AU Kellar, NM Trego, ML Chivers, SJ Archer, FI Minich, JJ Perryman, WL AF Kellar, Nicholas M. Trego, Marisa L. Chivers, Susan J. Archer, Fredrick I. Minich, Jeremiah J. Perryman, Wayne L. TI Are there biases in biopsy sampling? Potential drivers of sex ratio in projectile biopsy samples from two small delphinids SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sex ratio; biopsy; sampling bias; bowriding; Delphinus capensis; Delphinus delphis ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; KILLER WHALES; COMMON DOLPHIN; BLUBBER; SYSTEM; POPULATIONS; DIMORPHISM; CETACEANS; TURSIOPS; SUCCESS AB Molecular assays were used to determine the sex of 1,294 biopsied common dolphins (658 long-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus capensis, and 636 short-beaked common dolphins, D. delphis) in the Southern California Bight. Sex ratio differed substantially between the two species; females comprised 241 (36.6%) of D. capensis samples and 410 (64.5%) of D. delphis samples. All biopsies were taken either from a large research ship or from a small, rigid-hull inflatable boat (RHIB) launched from the larger ship. When conducting replicate biopsy effort on the same schools from each vessel/platform (Tandem Biopsy Sampling), we found evidence that disproportionately more female D. capensis were biopsied from the RHIB than from the ship but the same was not true for D. delphis. We suspect that these results are driven by bowriding-behavior differences between the two species. Biopsy duration, geographic location, school size, and Julian date were considered as potential covariates with sex ratio; geographic location was the only one to show strong evidence of correlation. This study also presents an alternative to the erroneous practice of comparing sex ratios to a theoretical assumption of parity (i.e., 50:50 sex ratio) when researchers avoid sampling animals paired with calves. C1 [Kellar, Nicholas M.; Trego, Marisa L.; Chivers, Susan J.; Archer, Fredrick I.; Minich, Jeremiah J.; Perryman, Wayne L.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Trego, Marisa L.; Minich, Jeremiah J.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Kellar, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM nick.kellar@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP E366 EP E389 DI 10.1111/mms.12014 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800002 ER PT J AU Melin, SR Haulena, M Van Bonn, W Tennis, MJ Brown, RF Harris, JD AF Melin, Sharon R. Haulena, Martin Van Bonn, William Tennis, Mathew J. Brown, Robin F. Harris, Jeffrey D. TI Reversible immobilization of free-ranging adult male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDETOMIDINE; ATIPAMEZOLE; ISOFLURANE C1 [Melin, Sharon R.; Harris, Jeffrey D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Haulena, Martin] Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. [Van Bonn, William] Marine Mammal Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Tennis, Mathew J.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Astoria, OR 97103 USA. [Brown, Robin F.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Melin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sharon.melin@noaa.gov OI Van Bonn, William/0000-0001-5309-3595 FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington FX We thank J. Burco, D. Heiner, M. Brown, T. Gelatt, and N. Rifat for assistance capturing and handling animals. T. Gelatt, B. Fadely, J. Lee, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on the manuscript. This study was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit Number 782-1812-02 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. The protocols described in this paper were approved by the National Marine Fisheries Service Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP E529 EP E536 DI 10.1111/mms.12017 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 232HF UT WOS:000325482800013 ER PT J AU Stanfield, E Muralikrishnan, B Doiron, T Zheng, A Orandi, S Duquette, D AF Stanfield, Eric Muralikrishnan, Bala Doiron, Ted Zheng, Alan Orandi, Shahram Duquette, David TI Two applications of small feature dimensional measurements on a coordinate measuring machine with a fiber probe SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimensional metrology; fingerprint; micro-feature; volume standard AB This paper describes two applications of dimensional measurements performed using a contact fiber probe on a commercial coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Both examples involve artifacts that serve as reference standards and contain features in the 100 mu m to 500 mu m range. The first application involves measuring the spacing between features, either holes or rectangular prisms, on a cylinder that is approximately the size of a finger. The artifact, referred to as the fingerprint target, serves as a standard for verifying the performance of fingerprint scanners. The second application involves measuring the volume of small three-dimensional features such as cylinders and rectangular prisms that rise from a plate. This artifact is referred to as the volume target in this paper; these targets serve as volume standards for manufacturers and users of solder paste inspection systems. In each case, the measurement challenges presented by these artifacts are discussed and the measurand, the measurement plan, error sources, and uncertainty budget are described. C1 [Stanfield, Eric; Muralikrishnan, Bala; Doiron, Ted; Zheng, Alan; Orandi, Shahram] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duquette, David] CyberOpt Corp, Minneapolis, MN 55416 USA. RP Stanfield, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.stanfield@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 24 IS 10 AR 105008 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/10/105008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 220XY UT WOS:000324621900009 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Structure stability and electronic transport of gold nanowires on a BeO (0001) surface SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; BAND-STRUCTURE; CONDUCTANCE; ADSORPTION; JUNCTIONS; MOLECULES; CHAINS AB Gold nanowires (NWs) exhibit remarkable structural and electrical properties, making them good candidates for practical nanoelectronic devices. For such engineering applications, alpha-wurtzite BeO may be a useful platform for supporting these NWs, because gold atoms are attracted to this surface and the atom separation of the BeO (0 0 0 1) surface is compatible with the Au-Au atom spacing. However, the influence of this substrate on the NW conductivity and structure is not known. Here, the stability and conductance of several Au NW configurations on BeO (0 0 0 1) surfaces are investigated using ab initio simulations. It was found that the beryllium-terminated surface preserves the configuration for most of the NWs while the oxygen-terminated surface changes and even repels most of the NW configurations. The electronic structure and the transmission properties of the stable cases showed small changes in the electronic structure of gold NWs due to the presence of the BeO substrate. These changes do not restrict the conduction of the NWs and even enhance it by increasing the capacity of the existing transmission channels, and forming new conduction paths. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSED, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSED, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 21 IS 7 AR 075003 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/21/7/075003 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 233QY UT WOS:000325585500013 ER PT J AU Hite, DA Colombe, Y Wilson, AC Allcock, DTC Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ Pappas, DP AF Hite, D. A. Colombe, Y. Wilson, A. C. Allcock, D. T. C. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. Pappas, D. P. TI Surface science for improved ion traps SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; METAL-SURFACES; FLICKER NOISE; ATOMIC IONS; 1/F NOISE; QUANTUM; GOLD; PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFUSION AB Trapped ions are sensitive to electric-field noise from trap-electrode surfaces. This noise has been an obstacle to progress in trapped-ion quantum information processing (QIP) experiments for more than a decade. It causes motional heating of the ions, and thus quantum-state decoherence. This heating is anomalous because it is not easily explained by typical technical-noise sources. Experimental evidence of its dependence on ion-electrode distance, frequency, and electrode temperature points to the surface, rather than the bulk, of the trap electrodes as the origin. In this article, we review experimental efforts and models to help identify and reduce or eliminate the source of the anomalous heating. Recent progress to reduce the heating with in situ cleaning indicates that it may not be a fundamental limit to trapped-ion QIP. Moreover, the extreme sensitivity of trapped ions to electric-field noise may potentially be used as a new tool in surface science. C1 [Hite, D. A.; Colombe, Y.; Wilson, A. C.; Allcock, D. T. C.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.; Pappas, D. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hite, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM dustin.hite@nist.gov; yves.colombe@nist.gov; andrew.wilson@nist.gov; david.allcock@nist.gov; dietrich.leibfried@nist.gov; david.wineland@nist.gov; david.pappas@nist.gov RI Allcock, David/C-7582-2013 OI Allcock, David/0000-0002-7317-5560 FU IARPA [DNI-017389, EAO-139840]; ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program FX This article is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to US copyright. This work was supported by IARPA under ARO Contract Numbers DNI-017389 and EAO-139840, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank Jim Bergquist, Jim Phillips, and Mark Gesley for helpful discussions, and K. S. McKay and M. R. Vissers for suggestions on the manuscript. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 38 IS 10 BP 826 EP 833 DI 10.1557/mrs.2013.207 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 236BR UT WOS:000325769200019 ER PT J AU Kirschke, S Bousquet, P Ciais, P Saunois, M Canadell, JG Dlugokencky, EJ Bergamaschi, P Bergmann, D Blake, DR Bruhwiler, L Cameron-Smith, P Castaldi, S Chevallier, F Feng, L Fraser, A Heimann, M Hodson, EL Houweling, S Josse, B Fraser, PJ Krummel, PB Lamarque, JF Langenfelds, RL Le Quere, C Naik, V O'Doherty, S Palmer, PI Pison, I Plummer, D Poulter, B Prinn, RG Rigby, M Ringeval, B Santini, M Schmidt, M Shindell, DT Simpson, IJ Spahni, R Steele, LP Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S van der Werf, GR Voulgarakis, A van Weele, M Weiss, RF Williams, JE Zeng, G AF Kirschke, Stefanie Bousquet, Philippe Ciais, Philippe Saunois, Marielle Canadell, Josep G. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Bergamaschi, Peter Bergmann, Daniel Blake, Donald R. Bruhwiler, Lori Cameron-Smith, Philip Castaldi, Simona Chevallier, Frederic Feng, Liang Fraser, Annemarie Heimann, Martin Hodson, Elke L. Houweling, Sander Josse, Beatrice Fraser, Paul J. Krummel, Paul B. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Langenfelds, Ray L. Le Quere, Corinne Naik, Vaishali O'Doherty, Simon Palmer, Paul I. Pison, Isabelle Plummer, David Poulter, Benjamin Prinn, Ronald G. Rigby, Matt Ringeval, Bruno Santini, Monia Schmidt, Martina Shindell, Drew T. Simpson, Isobel J. Spahni, Renato Steele, L. Paul Strode, Sarah A. Sudo, Kengo Szopa, Sophie van der Werf, Guido R. Voulgarakis, Apostolos van Weele, Michiel Weiss, Ray F. Williams, Jason E. Zeng, Guang TI Three decades of global methane sources and sinks SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; PAST 2 DECADES; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GROWTH-RATE; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; METHYL CHLOROFORM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSIONS AB Methane is an important greenhouse gas, responsible for about 20% of the warming induced by long-lived greenhouse gases since pre-industrial times. By reacting with hydroxyl radicals, methane reduces the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and generates ozone in the troposphere. Although most sources and sinks of methane have been identified, their relative contributions to atmospheric methane levels are highly uncertain. As such, the factors responsible for the observed stabilization of atmospheric methane levels in the early 2000s, and the renewed rise after 2006, remain unclear. Here, we construct decadal budgets for methane sources and sinks between 1980 and 2010, using a combination of atmospheric measurements and results from chemical transport models, ecosystem models, climate chemistry models and inventories of anthropogenic emissions. The resultant budgets suggest that data-driven approaches and ecosystem models overestimate total natural emissions. We build three contrasting emission scenarios - which differ in fossil fuel and microbial emissions - to explain the decadal variability in atmospheric methane levels detected, here and in previous studies, since 1985. Although uncertainties in emission trends do not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn, we show that the observed stabilization of methane levels between 1999 and 2006 can potentially be explained by decreasing-to-stable fossil fuel emissions, combined with stable-to-increasing microbial emissions. We show that a rise in natural wetland emissions and fossil fuel emissions probably accounts for the renewed increase in global methane levels after 2006, although the relative contribution of these two sources remains uncertain. C1 [Kirschke, Stefanie; Bousquet, Philippe; Ciais, Philippe; Saunois, Marielle; Chevallier, Frederic; Pison, Isabelle; Poulter, Benjamin; Schmidt, Martina; Szopa, Sophie] LSCE CEA UVSQ CNRS, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Canadell, Josep G.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Bruhwiler, Lori] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bergamaschi, Peter] Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy. [Bergmann, Daniel; Cameron-Smith, Philip] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Blake, Donald R.; Simpson, Isobel J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Castaldi, Simona] Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. [Castaldi, Simona; Santini, Monia] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici CMCC, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Feng, Liang; Fraser, Annemarie; Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Heimann, Martin] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Hodson, Elke L.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Houweling, Sander] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander; Ringeval, Bruno] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Josse, Beatrice] CNRM GMGEC CARMA, Meteo France, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Fraser, Paul J.; Krummel, Paul B.; Langenfelds, Ray L.; Steele, L. Paul] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Le Quere, Corinne] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Naik, Vaishali] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [O'Doherty, Simon] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Plummer, David] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada. [Prinn, Ronald G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rigby, Matt] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Ringeval, Bruno] Univ Utrecht, IMAU, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ringeval, Bruno] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Syst Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Shindell, Drew T.; Voulgarakis, Apostolos] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Spahni, Renato] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Strode, Sarah A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, Sarah A.] NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sudo, Kengo] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [van der Werf, Guido R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Voulgarakis, Apostolos] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [van Weele, Michiel; Williams, Jason E.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Zeng, Guang] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Omakau 9352, Central Otago, New Zealand. RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), LSCE CEA UVSQ CNRS, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM Philippe.Bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Castaldi, Simona/B-1699-2012; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Fraser, Annemarie/D-3874-2012; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Castaldi, Simona/0000-0003-3937-8169; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; SANTINI, Monia/0000-0002-8041-8241; Ringeval, Bruno/0000-0001-8405-1304; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU UK NERC National Centre for Earth Observation; European Commission's 7th Framework Programme (FP7) [218793, 283080]; US DOE [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-05CH1123]; NOAA; Australian Climate Change Science Program; ERC [247349] FX This paper is the result of an international collaboration of scientists organized by the Global Carbon Project, a joint project of the Earth System Science Partnership. This work was supported by: the UK NERC National Centre for Earth Observation; the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) projects MACC (grant agreement no. 218793) and GEOCARBON (grant agreement no. 283080); contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with different parts supported by the US DOE IMPACTS and SciDAC Climate Consortium projects; computing resources of NERSC, which is supported by the US DOE under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231; NOAA flask data for CH3CCl3 (made available by S. Montzka); the Australian Climate Change Science Program, and ERC grant 247349. Simulations from LSCE were performed using HPC resources from DSM-CCRT and CCRT/CINES/IDRIS under the allocation 2012-t2012012201 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). We thank the EDGAR group at JRC (Italy) and US-EPA for providing estimates of anthropogenic emissions. NR 91 TC 330 Z9 337 U1 64 U2 503 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 6 IS 10 BP 813 EP 823 DI 10.1038/NGEO1955 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 225ZL UT WOS:000325003700010 ER PT J AU Greenwald, M Bader, A Baek, S Barnard, H Beck, W Bergerson, W Bespamyatnov, I Bitter, M Bonoli, P Brookman, M Brower, D Brunner, D Burke, W Candy, J Chilenski, M Chung, M Churchill, M Cziegler, I Davis, E Dekow, G Delgado-Aparicio, L Diallo, A Ding, W Dominguez, A Ellis, R Ennever, P Ernst, D Faust, I Fiore, C Fitzgerald, E Fredian, T Garcia, OE Gao, C Garrett, M Golfinopoulos, T Granetz, R Groebner, R Harrison, S Harvey, R Hartwig, Z Hill, K Hillairet, J Howard, N Hubbard, AE Hughes, JW Hutchinson, I Irby, J James, AN Kanojia, A Kasten, C Kesner, J Kessel, C Kube, R LaBombard, B Lau, C Lee, J Liao, K Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Ma, Y Marmar, E McGibbon, P Meneghini, O Mikkelsen, D Miller, D Mumgaard, R Murray, R Ochoukov, R Olynyk, G Pace, D Park, S Parker, R Podpaly, Y Porkolab, M Preynas, M Pusztai, I Reinke, M Rice, J Rowan, W Scott, S Shiraiwa, S Sierchio, J Snyder, P Sorbom, B Soukhanovskii, V Stillerman, J Sugiyama, L Sung, C Terry, D Terry, J Theiler, C Tsujii, N Vieira, R Walk, J Wallace, G White, A Whyte, D Wilson, J Wolfe, S Woller, K Wright, G Wright, J Wukitch, S Wurden, G Xu, P Yang, C Zweben, S AF Greenwald, M. Bader, A. Baek, S. Barnard, H. Beck, W. Bergerson, W. Bespamyatnov, I. Bitter, M. Bonoli, P. Brookman, M. Brower, D. Brunner, D. Burke, W. Candy, J. Chilenski, M. Chung, M. Churchill, M. Cziegler, I. Davis, E. Dekow, G. Delgado-Aparicio, L. Diallo, A. Ding, W. Dominguez, A. Ellis, R. Ennever, P. Ernst, D. Faust, I. Fiore, C. Fitzgerald, E. Fredian, T. Garcia, O. E. Gao, C. Garrett, M. Golfinopoulos, T. Granetz, R. Groebner, R. Harrison, S. Harvey, R. Hartwig, Z. Hill, K. Hillairet, J. Howard, N. Hubbard, A. E. Hughes, J. W. Hutchinson, I. Irby, J. James, A. N. Kanojia, A. Kasten, C. Kesner, J. Kessel, C. Kube, R. LaBombard, B. Lau, C. Lee, J. Liao, K. Lin, Y. Lipschultz, B. Ma, Y. Marmar, E. McGibbon, P. Meneghini, O. Mikkelsen, D. Miller, D. Mumgaard, R. Murray, R. Ochoukov, R. Olynyk, G. Pace, D. Park, S. Parker, R. Podpaly, Y. Porkolab, M. Preynas, M. Pusztai, I. Reinke, M. Rice, J. Rowan, W. Scott, S. Shiraiwa, S. Sierchio, J. Snyder, P. Sorbom, B. Soukhanovskii, V. Stillerman, J. Sugiyama, L. Sung, C. Terry, D. Terry, J. Theiler, C. Tsujii, N. Vieira, R. Walk, J. Wallace, G. White, A. Whyte, D. Wilson, J. Wolfe, S. Woller, K. Wright, G. Wright, J. Wukitch, S. Wurden, G. Xu, P. Yang, C. Zweben, S. TI Overview of experimental results and code validation activities at Alcator C-Mod SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE TURBULENCE; TOKAMAK; INSTABILITIES; PLASMAS; WAVES; MITIGATION; SIMULATION; SOLVER AB Recent research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak has focused on a range of scientific issues with particular emphasis on ITER needs and on detailed comparisons between experimental measurements and predictive models. Research on ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) heating emphasized the origins and mitigation of metallic impurities while work on lower hybrid current drive experiments have focused on linear and nonlinear wave interactions that limit efficiency at high densities in regimes with low single pass absorption. Experiments in core turbulence and transport focused on quantitative, multi-field comparisons between nonlinear gyro-kinetics simulations and experimental measurements of profiles, fluxes and fluctuations. Experiments into self-generated rotation observed spontaneous flow reversal at a critical density identical to the transition density between linear ohmic confinement and saturated ohmic confinement regimes. H-mode studies have measured pedestal widths consistent with kinetic-ballooning-mode-like instabilities, while the pedestal heights quantitatively match the EPED code predictions. Experiments with I-mode have increased the operating window for this promising edge-localized-mode-free regime. Extrapolation of I-mode to ITER suggests that the fusion gain Q similar to 10 could be possible in ITER. Investigations into the physics and scaling of the power exhaust channel width in attached enhanced D-alpha H-mode and L-mode plasma showed a direct connection between the midplane pressure-folding length and the outer divertor target footprint. The width was found to scale inversely with I-P, while being independent of conducted power, B-T or q(95) and insensitive to the scrape-off layer connection length-a behaviour that suggests critical-gradient physics sets both pressure and heat-flux profiles. C1 [Greenwald, M.; Baek, S.; Barnard, H.; Beck, W.; Bonoli, P.; Brunner, D.; Burke, W.; Chilenski, M.; Chung, M.; Churchill, M.; Davis, E.; Dekow, G.; Ennever, P.; Ernst, D.; Faust, I.; Fiore, C.; Fitzgerald, E.; Fredian, T.; Gao, C.; Garrett, M.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Granetz, R.; Hartwig, Z.; Howard, N.; Hubbard, A. E.; Hughes, J. W.; Hutchinson, I.; Irby, J.; Kanojia, A.; Kasten, C.; Kesner, J.; LaBombard, B.; Lau, C.; Lee, J.; Lin, Y.; Lipschultz, B.; Ma, Y.; Marmar, E.; McGibbon, P.; Miller, D.; Mumgaard, R.; Murray, R.; Ochoukov, R.; Olynyk, G.; Park, S.; Parker, R.; Porkolab, M.; Pusztai, I.; Reinke, M.; Rice, J.; Shiraiwa, S.; Sierchio, J.; Sorbom, B.; Stillerman, J.; Sugiyama, L.; Sung, C.; Terry, D.; Terry, J.; Theiler, C.; Tsujii, N.; Vieira, R.; Walk, J.; Wallace, G.; White, A.; Whyte, D.; Wolfe, S.; Woller, K.; Wright, G.; Wright, J.; Wukitch, S.; Xu, P.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bader, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bergerson, W.; Brower, D.; Ding, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bespamyatnov, I.; Brookman, M.; Liao, K.; Rowan, W.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bitter, M.; Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Diallo, A.; Dominguez, A.; Ellis, R.; Harrison, S.; Hill, K.; Kessel, C.; Mikkelsen, D.; Scott, S.; Wilson, J.; Zweben, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Candy, J.; Groebner, R.; Meneghini, O.; Pace, D.; Snyder, P.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 94121 USA. [James, A. N.; Soukhanovskii, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Garcia, O. E.; Kube, R.] Univ Tromso, Tromso, Norway. [Yang, C.] Hefei Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Cziegler, I.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92903 USA. [Harvey, R.] CompX Corp, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. [Podpaly, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wurden, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hillairet, J.; Preynas, M.] CEA, IRFM, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Greenwald, M (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM g@psfc.mit.edu RI Diallo, Ahmed/M-7792-2013; Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Garcia, Odd Erik/A-4417-2013; Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010; Kube, Ralph/I-5894-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X; Theiler, Christian/0000-0003-3926-1374; , Cornwall/0000-0002-8576-5867; Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Garcia, Odd Erik/0000-0002-2377-8718; Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809; Kube, Ralph/0000-0003-1635-6151; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 FU US Department of Energy FX The authors would like to thank the entire C-Mod team. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 40 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2013 VL 53 IS 10 SI SI AR 104004 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104004 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 226AD UT WOS:000325005600005 ER PT J AU Beechie, T Imaki, H Greene, J Wade, A Wu, H Pess, G Roni, P Kimball, J Stanford, J Kiffney, P Mantua, N AF Beechie, T. Imaki, H. Greene, J. Wade, A. Wu, H. Pess, G. Roni, P. Kimball, J. Stanford, J. Kiffney, P. Mantua, N. TI RESTORING SALMON HABITAT FOR A CHANGING CLIMATE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE restoration; climate change; decision support; adaptation; salmon habitat; stream flow; stream temperature ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STREAM TEMPERATURE; ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE AB An important question for salmon restoration efforts in the western USA is How should habitat restoration plans be altered to accommodate climate change effects on stream flow and temperature?' We developed a decision support process for adapting salmon recovery plans that incorporates (1) local habitat factors limiting salmon recovery, (2) scenarios of climate change effects on stream flow and temperature, (3) the ability of restoration actions to ameliorate climate change effects, and (4) the ability of restoration actions to increase habitat diversity and salmon population resilience. To facilitate the use of this decision support framework, we mapped scenarios of future stream flow and temperature in the Pacific Northwest region and reviewed literature on habitat restoration actions to determine whether they ameliorate a climate change effect or increase life history diversity and salmon resilience. Under the climate change scenarios considered here, summer low flows decrease by 35-75% west of the Cascade Mountains, maximum monthly flows increase by 10-60% across most of the region, and stream temperatures increase between 2 and 6 degrees C by 2070-2099. On the basis of our literature review, we found that restoring floodplain connectivity, restoring stream flow regimes, and re-aggrading incised channels are most likely to ameliorate stream flow and temperature changes and increase habitat diversity and population resilience. By contrast, most restoration actions focused on in-stream rehabilitation are unlikely to ameliorate climate change effects. Finally, we illustrate how the decision support process can be used to evaluate whether climate change should alter the types or priority of restoration actions in a salmon habitat restoration plan. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Beechie, T.; Imaki, H.; Greene, J.; Pess, G.; Roni, P.; Kiffney, P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wade, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wu, H.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kimball, J.; Stanford, J.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mantua, N.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Beechie, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov RI Wu, Huan/K-1003-2013 OI Wu, Huan/0000-0003-2920-8860 FU Moore Foundation; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the Moore Foundation and National Marine Fisheries Service for providing funding for this research. We also thank Sarah Morley for her insightful review of the manuscript. NR 103 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 8 BP 939 EP 960 DI 10.1002/rra.2590 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 232DJ UT WOS:000325469700001 ER PT J AU Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Gao, RS Heymsfield, AJ Schmitt, CG Schnaiter, M Fahey, DW AF Perring, A. E. Schwarz, J. P. Gao, R. S. Heymsfield, A. J. Schmitt, C. G. Schnaiter, M. Fahey, D. W. TI Evaluation of a Perpendicular Inlet for Airborne Sampling of Interstitial Submicron Black-Carbon Aerosol SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT; EFFICIENCY; CLIMATE; CLOUDS; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB The majority of airborne aerosol measurements employ forward-facing inlets with near-isokinetic sampling; these inlets have known artifacts when sampling in clouds such that data taken in cloud must typically be discarded. Here we report first results from a perpendicular inlet for sampling interstitial submicron black-carbon (BC) containing aerosol. The inlet, consisting of a flat plate to stabilize flow prior to perpendicular sampling, was evaluated using a single particle soot photometer (SP2) aboard the NASA WB-57F aircraft during the Midlatitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) of 2011. The new inlet rejects large particles and is free of aerosol artifacts when sampling in ice clouds while allowing sampling of submicron BC-containing aerosol with the same unit efficiency as a validated isokinetic inlet, thus allowing for airborne sampling of interstitial BC aerosol. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heymsfield, A. J.; Schmitt, C. G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schnaiter, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Perring, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 S Broadway,R CSD6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM anne.perring@noaa.gov RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Schnaiter, Martin/A-2370-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Schmitt, Carl/P-5490-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Schmitt, Carl/0000-0003-3829-6970 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX The authors acknowledge the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program for funding. They also thank Paul Lawson for permission to use his 2DS cloud probe data, and Suresh Dhaniyala for useful discussions. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1066 EP 1072 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.821196 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 222JF UT WOS:000324726300002 ER PT J AU Ohata, S Moteki, N Schwarz, J Fahey, D Kondo, Y AF Ohata, Sho Moteki, Nobuhiro Schwarz, Joshua Fahey, David Kondo, Yutaka TI Evaluation of a Method to Measure Black Carbon Particles Suspended in Rainwater and Snow Samples SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; ELEMENTAL CARBON; SOOT; AEROSOLS; STATE; AREA AB We conducted a detailed evaluation of a method for measuring the mass concentrations and size distributions of black carbon (BC) particles in rainwater and snow. The method uses an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN) and a single particle soot photometer (SP2). The USN disperses sample water into micron-size droplets at a constant rate and then dries them to release BC particles into the air. The masses of individual BC particles are measured by the SP2, using the laser-induced incandescence technique. The loss of BC particles during the extraction from liquid water to air depends on their sizes. We determined the size-dependent extraction efficiency using polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with 12 different diameters between 107 and 1025nm. The PSL concentrations in water were measured by the light extinction at 532nm. The extraction efficiency of the USN showed a broad maximum of about 10% in the diameter range 200-500nm and decreased substantially at larger sizes. The accuracy and reproducibility of the measured mass concentration of BC in sample water after long-term storage were about 25% and +/- 35%, respectively. We tested the method by analyzing rainwater and surface snow samples collected in Okinawa and Sapporo, respectively. The measured number size distributions of BC in these samples showed negligible contributions of BC particles larger than 300nm to the total number of BC particles. A dominant fraction of BC mass in these samples was observed in the diameter range 100-500nm. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Ohata, Sho; Moteki, Nobuhiro; Kondo, Yutaka] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Schwarz, Joshua; Fahey, David] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, Joshua; Fahey, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ohata, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM ohata@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT); Strategic International Cooperative Program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Global Environment Research Fund of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment [A-0803, A-1101]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant [246736]; GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), the Strategic International Cooperative Program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), the Global Environment Research Fund of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (A-0803 and A-1101), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number 246736, and the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project. The authors would like to thank T. Mori for laboratory support. They would also like to thank N. Tomoyose, S. Kadena, and A. Iwasaki for rainwater sampling at Cape Hedo, and T. Aoki, K. Kuchiki, and K. Kawamura for snow sampling in Sapporo. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1073 EP 1082 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.824067 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 222JF UT WOS:000324726300003 ER PT J AU Li, MD You, R Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF Li, Mingdong You, Rian Mulholland, George W. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Evaluating the Mobility of Nanorods in Electric Fields SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SPHERES; ELECTROSPRAY; DRAG; SHAPE; ORIENTATION; SIMULATION; FRICTION; REGIME; CHAINS AB The mobility of a nonspherical particle is a function of both particle shape and orientation. In turn, the higher magnitude of electric field causes nonspherical particles to align more along the field direction, increasing their mobility or decreasing their mobility diameter. In previous works, Li etal. developed a general theory for the orientation-averaged mobility and the dynamic shape factor applicable to any axially symmetric particles in an electric field, and applied it to the specific cases of nanowires and doublets of spheres. In this work, the theory for a nanowire is compared with experimental results of gold nanorods with known shape determined by TEM images. We compare the experimental measured mobility sizes with the theoretical predicted mobility in the continuum, free molecular, and the transition regime. The mobility size shift trends in the electric fields based on our model, expressed both in the free molecular regime and in the transition regime, are in good agreement with the experimental results. For rods of dimension: width d(r) = 17nm and length L-r = 270nm, where one length scale is smaller than the mean free path and one larger, the results clearly show that the flow regime of a slender rod is mostly controlled by the diameter of the rod (i.e., the smallest dimension). In this case, the free molecule transport properties best represented our nanorod. Combining both theory and experiment we show how, by evaluating the mobility as a function of applied electric field, we can extract both rod length and diameter. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Li, Mingdong; You, Rian; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; You, Rian; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; You, Rian; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 2125 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014 OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1101 EP 1107 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.819565 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 222JF UT WOS:000324726300006 ER PT J AU Nold, SC Bellecourt, MJ Kendall, ST Ruberg, SA Sanders, TG Klump, JV Biddanda, BA AF Nold, Stephen C. Bellecourt, Michael J. Kendall, Scott T. Ruberg, Steven A. Sanders, T. Garrison Klump, J. Val Biddanda, Bopaiah A. TI Underwater sinkhole sediments sequester Lake Huron's carbon SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon; Cyanobacterial mat; Plankton; Sediment; Sinkhole; Stable isotopes ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; SUBMERGED SINKHOLE; CYANOBACTERIAL MAT; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; WATER AB Lake Huron's submerged sinkhole habitats are impacted by high-conductivity groundwater that allows photosynthetic cyanobacterial mats to form over thick, carbon-rich sediments. To better understand nutrient cycling in these habitats, we measured the stable isotopic content of carbon and nitrogen in organic and inorganic carbon pools in Middle Island sinkhole, a similar to 23 m deep feature influenced by both groundwater and overlying lake water. Two distinct sources of dissolved CO2 (DIC) were available to primary producers. Lake water DIC (delta C-13 = -0.1 aEuro degrees) differed by +5.9 aEuro degrees from groundwater DIC (delta C-13 = -6.0 aEuro degrees). Organic carbon fixed by primary producers reflected the two DIC sources. Phytoplankton utilizing lake water DIC were more enriched in C-13 (delta C-13 = -22.2 to -23.2 aEuro degrees) than mat cyanobacteria utilizing groundwater DIC (delta C-13 = -26.3 to -30.0 aEuro degrees). Sinkhole sediments displayed an isotopic signature (delta C-13 = -23.1 aEuro degrees) more similar to sedimenting phytoplankton than the cyanobacterial mat. Corroborated by sediment C/N ratios, these data suggest that the carbon deposited in sinkhole sediments originates primarily from planktonic rather than benthic sources. Pb-210/Cs-137 radiodating suggests rapid sediment accumulation and sub-bottom imaging indicated a massive deposit of organic carbon beneath the sediment surface. We conclude that submerged sinkholes may therefore act as nutrient sinks within the larger lake ecosystem. C1 [Nold, Stephen C.; Bellecourt, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. [Kendall, Scott T.; Biddanda, Bopaiah A.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Ruberg, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48018 USA. [Sanders, T. Garrison] Crooked River Watershed Council, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. [Klump, J. Val] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Nold, SC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Stout, 410 10th Ave East, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. EM nolds@uwstout.edu OI Ruberg, Steven/0000-0001-8809-5689 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration [NA07OAR4320006]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0604158, MCB-0603944] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the excellent dive support teams who collected water and sediment samples: Russ Green, Joe Hoyt, Tane Casserly, and Wayne Lusardi from the NOAA's Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. This work is supported by Grants from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration (NA07OAR4320006 to SAR), and the National Science Foundation (MCB-0604158 to SCN and MCB-0603944 to BAB). NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD OCT PY 2013 VL 115 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s10533-013-9830-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 227MH UT WOS:000325116700015 ER PT J AU Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Williams, RA von Hillebrandt-Andrade, C AF Odum, Jack K. Stephenson, William J. Williams, Robert A. von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa TI VS30 and Spectral Response from Collocated Shallow, Active-, and Passive-Source V-S Data at 27 Sites in Puerto Rico SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; GROUND-MOTION; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; LOCAL GEOLOGY; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; AMPLIFICATION; WASHINGTON; SEATTLE AB Shear-wave velocity (VS) and time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m depth (VS30) are the key parameters used in seismic site response modeling and earthquake engineering design. Where VS data are limited, available data are often used to develop and refine map-based proxy models of VS30 for predicting ground-motion intensities. In this paper, we present shallow VS data from 27 sites in Puerto Rico. These data were acquired using a multimethod acquisition approach consisting of noninvasive, collocated, active-source body-wave (refraction/reflection), active-source surface wave at nine sites, and passive-source surface-wave refraction microtremor (ReMi) techniques. VS-versus-depth models are constructed and used to calculate spectral response plots for each site. Factors affecting method reliability are analyzed with respect to site-specific differences in bedrock VS and spectral response. At many but not all sites, body-and surface-wave methods generally determine similar depths to bedrock, and it is the difference in bedrock VS that influences site amplification. The predicted resonant frequencies for the majority of the sites are observed to be within a relatively narrow bandwidth of 1-3.5 Hz. For a first-order comparison of peak frequency position, predictive spectral response plots from eight sites are plotted along with seismograph instrument spectra derived from the time series of the 16 May 2010 Puerto Rico earthquake. We show how a multimethod acquisition approach using collocated arrays compliments and corroborates VS results, thus adding confidence that reliable site characterization information has been obtained. C1 [Odum, Jack K.; Stephenson, William J.; Williams, Robert A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa] NOAA NWS CTWP, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Odum, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. FU Puerto Rico Seismic Network; Puerto Rico Strong Motion Program FX We wish to thank Eugenio Asencio, the students from the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez geophysics and engineering classes, and the staff of PRSN-Mayaguez for their generous contributions of time, effort, and enthusiasm during the data acquisition phase of this study. Without their efforts in the field, let alone the endurance of long van rides and early morning departures on weekends, the collection of data would have been far less enjoyable! The U.S. Geological Survey also would like to recognize the financial support provided by Puerto Rico Seismic Network and Puerto Rico Strong Motion Program, which made this two year study possible. The authors would like to thank Dan McNamara, Alan Yong, and Chuck Mueller, who provided constructive recommendations that have improved this manuscript. We also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and constructive recommendations. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not represent a product endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 103 IS 5 BP 2709 EP 2728 DI 10.1785/0120120349 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 225TU UT WOS:000324986700012 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Caudill, CC Clabough, TS Jepson, MA Johnson, EL Peery, CA Higgs, MD Moser, ML AF Keefer, Matthew L. Caudill, Christopher C. Clabough, Tami S. Jepson, Michael A. Johnson, Eric L. Peery, Christopher A. Higgs, Megan D. Moser, Mary L. TI Fishway passage bottleneck identification and prioritization: a case study of Pacific lamprey at Bonneville Dam SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ADULT CHINOOK SALMON; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; VERTICAL-SLOT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; SPAWNING MIGRATION; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; VELOCITY BARRIERS; SNAKE RIVER AB Fishways designed for salmonids often restrict passage by non-salmonids, and effective tools are needed both to identify passage problems for nontarget species and to inform remediation planning. In this case study, we used migration histories from 2170 radio-tagged adult Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus) to identify locations of poor passage bottlenecks) at a large, multifishway dam. Over 10 years, 49% of tagged lamprey that entered fishways failed to pass the dam. Models accounting for repeated attempts by individual lamprey indicated successful passage strongly depended on attempted passage route. Success also varied with time of fishway entry, water temperature, and lamprey body size. Most failed passage attempts terminated in lower fishway segments, but extensive seasonal shifts in bottleneck locations were detected. Ranking metrics helped prioritize bottlenecks and identified sites where structural or operational modifications should improve lamprey passage. Our integration of spatially intensive monitoring with novel analytical techniques was critical to understanding the complex relationships among fishway features, environmental variation, and lamprey behavior. The prioritization framework can be applied to a wide range of fish passage assessments. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Caudill, Christopher C.; Clabough, Tami S.; Jepson, Michael A.; Johnson, Eric L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. [Higgs, Megan D.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU The US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank W. Daigle, T. Dick, B. Ho, D. Joosten, S. Lee, M. Morasch, C. Noyes, D. Ogden, D. Quaempts, P. Peterson, R. Ringe, and K. Tolotti (University of Idaho) and P. Ocker, W. Cavendar, D. Ogden, and H. Pennington (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission) for assistance with lamprey collection and tagging and antenna construction, installation, and maintenance. J. Simonson, R. Marr, and I. Wilbert (NOAA Fisheries) fabricated and installed lamprey traps used in this study. B. Burke and K. Frick (NOAA Fisheries) helped with radiotelemetry database maintenance and interpretation. We also thank the staff of Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission's Kennewick Field Office, especially D. Chase and D. Warf. The US Army Corps of Engineers provided funding for these studies; we thank D. Clugston, B. Eby, D. Fryer, M. Langeslay, M. Plummer, and S. Tackley. Administrative assistance was provided by T. Bjornn, D. Dey, K. Johnson, P. McAteer, R. Poulin, T. Ruehle, and L. Stuehrenberg. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 54 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1551 EP 1565 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0164 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 229MS UT WOS:000325270800012 ER PT J AU Jacobson, LD McClatchie, S AF Jacobson, Larry D. McClatchie, Sam TI Comment on temperature-dependent stock-recruit modeling for Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in Jacobson and MacCall (1995), McClatchie et al. (2010), and Lindegren and Checkley (2013) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jacobson, Larry D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McClatchie, Sam] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jacobson, LD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Larry.Jacobson@NOAA.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1566 EP 1569 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0128 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 229MS UT WOS:000325270800013 ER PT J AU Leslie, HM Goldman, E Mcleod, KL Sievanen, L Balasubramanian, H Cudney-Bueno, R Feuerstein, A Knowlton, N Lee, K Pollnac, R Samhouri, JF AF Leslie, Heather M. Goldman, Erica Mcleod, Karen L. Sievanen, Leila Balasubramanian, Hari Cudney-Bueno, Richard Feuerstein, Amanda Knowlton, Nancy Lee, Kai Pollnac, Richard Samhouri, Jameal F. TI How Good Science and Stories Can Go Hand-In-Hand SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION SCIENCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY C1 [Leslie, Heather M.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Leslie, Heather M.; Sievanen, Leila] Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Goldman, Erica] COMPASS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mcleod, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, COMPASS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Balasubramanian, Hari] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Cudney-Bueno, Richard; Lee, Kai] David & Lucile Packard Fdn, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. [Feuerstein, Amanda; Knowlton, Nancy] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pollnac, Richard] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Marine Affairs, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Balasubramanian, Hari] EcoAdvisors, Halifax, NS B3H 3K6, Canada. RP Leslie, HM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM heather_leslie@brown.edu OI Leslie, Heather/0000-0003-4512-9417 FU Helen R. Whiteley Center at University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We acknowledge the hospitality and support of the Helen R. Whiteley Center at University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories, where we first began our conversations on the topic. We also thank O. Aburto, J. Castro, and many others associated with Cabo Pulmo who graciously shared their stories with us (H. L. and L. S.). We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The workshop was facilitated by COMPASS and funding was provided by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation through grants to J. Lubchenco, S. Levin, and H.L. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1129 DI 10.1111/cobi.12080 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224ZJ UT WOS:000324931700028 PM 23692176 ER PT J AU Jannot, JE Holland, DS AF Jannot, Jason E. Holland, Daniel S. TI Identifying ecological and fishing drivers of bycatch in a U.S. groundfish fishery SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bycatch; delta model; ecological management; fishery observer; fishery survey; fishing operations; spatial effects; U; S; west coast groundfish fishery ID BY-CATCH; MANAGEMENT AB Fisheries bycatch is driven by both ecological (e.g., area, season) and social (e.g., fisher behavior) factors that are often difficult to disentangle. We demonstrate a method for comparing fishery-dependent bycatch to fishery-independent catch to delineate the influence of ecological and social factors on bycatch and provide insights for bycatch management. We used data from commercial fishing vessels in the U.S. west coast trawl groundfish fishery (fishery-dependent data collected by fisheries observers) and scientific data from the U.S. west coast bottom trawl groundfish survey (fishery-independent data) to compare the relative effects of season, time of day, target group, depth, and latitude on the expected catch of 12 bycatch species of management interest. This comparison highlights two important relationships that help identify drivers of bycatch. First, when the effect of season, time of day, depth, or latitude on bycatch in both the commercial and scientific data is positive, ecological processes are likely strong drivers of bycatch, suggesting technical approaches (e.g., temporal or spatial closures, gear modifications) might effectively control bycatch. Alternatively, when the effects of season, time of day, depth, latitude, or target group appear only in the commercial data (but not in survey data), fisher behavior is likely the stronger driver of bycatch, suggesting a need to strengthen incentives for fishers to change behavior to avoid bycatch (e.g., regulatory quotas). Two other patterns emerge that suggest that fishery bycatch is not associated with temporal, target, or spatial variables, implying that either current incentives to avoid bycatch are working (i.e., when survey expected catch is positively correlated with variables, but fishery catch is not) or bycatch is a product of unstudied or stochastic processes (i.e., variables are not correlated with expected catch in either data set) and continued monitoring is recommended. Our analysis provides managers and fishers with a basic analytical framework to assess bycatch reduction alternatives and methods useful for researchers interested in comparing bycatch before and after a management shift. C1 [Jannot, Jason E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource & Anal Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Jannot, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource & Anal Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Jason.Jannot@noaa.gov OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1645 EP 1658 DI 10.1890/12-2225.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227FW UT WOS:000325097300010 PM 24261046 ER PT J AU Golding, J Steer, CD Hibbeln, JR Emmett, PM Lowery, T Jones, R AF Golding, Jean Steer, Colin D. Hibbeln, Joseph R. Emmett, Pauline M. Lowery, Tony Jones, Robert TI Dietary Predictors of Maternal Prenatal Blood Mercury Levels in the ALSPAC Birth Cohort Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID UK TOTAL DIET; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; FISH CONSUMPTION; REACTION CELL; ICP-MS; POPULATION; CADMIUM; FOOD; AGE AB BACKGROUND: Very high levels of prenatal maternal mercury have adverse effects on the developing fetal brain. It has been suggested that all possible sources of mercury should be avoided. However, although seafood is a known source of mercury, little is known about other dietary components that contribute to the overall levels of blood mercury. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to quantify the contribution of components of maternal diet to prenatal blood mercury level. METHODS: Whole blood samples and information on diet and sociodemographic factors were collected from pregnant women (n = 4,484) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The blood samples were assayed for total mercury using inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. Linear regression was used to estimate the relative contributions of 103 dietary variables and 6 sociodemographic characteristics to whole blood total mercury levels (TBM; untransformed and log-transformed) based on R-2 values. RESULTS: We estimated that maternal diet accounted for 19.8% of the total variation in ln-TBM, with 44% of diet-associated variability (8.75% of the total variation) associated with seafood consumption (white fish, oily fish, and shellfish). Other dietary components positively associated with TBM included wine and herbal teas, and components with significant negative associations included white bread, meat pies or pasties, and french fries. CONCLUSIONS: Although seafood is a source of dietary mercury, seafood appeared to explain a relatively small proportion of the variation in TBM in our UK study population. Our findings require confirmation, but suggest that limiting seafood intake during pregnancy may have a limited impact on prenatal blood mercury levels. C1 [Golding, Jean; Steer, Colin D.; Emmett, Pauline M.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol, Avon, England. [Hibbeln, Joseph R.] NIAAA, NIH, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lowery, Tony] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Jones, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Golding, J (reprint author), Sch Social & Community Med, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Oakfield House,Oakfield Rd, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England. EM jean.golding@bristol.ac.uk OI Emmett, Pauline/0000-0003-1076-4779; Golding, Jean/0000-0003-2826-3307 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX The UK Medical Research Council (MRC), the Wellcome Trust, and the University of Bristol currently provide core support for ALSPAC. The assays of the maternal blood samples were carried out at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the statistical analyses were carried out in Bristol with funding from NOAA and support from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (NIH). NR 45 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 35 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 121 IS 10 BP 1214 EP 1218 DI 10.1289/ehp.1206115 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 227YU UT WOS:000325152400026 PM 23811414 ER PT J AU Burgess, SC Waples, RS Baskett, ML AF Burgess, Scott C. Waples, Robin S. Baskett, Marissa L. TI LOCAL ADAPTATION WHEN COMPETITION DEPENDS ON PHENOTYPIC SIMILARITY SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; disruptive selection; ecological character displacement; frequency-dependent selection; migration-selection balance; niche partitioning; quantitative genetics ID ECOLOGICAL CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; QUANTITATIVE GENETIC MODELS; NATURAL-SELECTION; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; STABILIZING SELECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; DISRUPTIVE SELECTION; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE AB Recent work incorporating demographic-genetic interactions indicates the importance of population size, gene flow, and selection in influencing local adaptation. This work typically assumes that density-dependent survival affects individuals equally, but individuals in natural population rarely compete equally. Among-individual differences in resource use generate stronger competition between more similar phenotypes (frequency-dependent competition) but it remains unclear how this additional form of selection changes the interactions between population size, gene flow, and local stabilizing selection. Here, we integrate migration-selection dynamics with frequency-dependent competition. We developed a coupled demographic-quantitative genetic model consisting of two patches connected by dispersal and subject to local stabilizing selection and competition. Our model shows that frequency-dependent competition slightly increases local adaptation, greatly increases genetic variance within patches, and reduces the amount that migration depresses population size, despite the increased genetic variance load. The effects of frequency-dependence depend on the strength of divergent selection, trait heritability, and when mortality occurs in the life cycle in relation to migration and reproduction. Essentially, frequency-dependent competition reduces the density-dependent interactions between migrants and residents, the extent to which depends on how different and common immigrants are compared to residents. Our results add new dynamics that illustrate how competition can alter the effects of gene flow and divergent selection on local adaptation and population carrying capacities. C1 [Burgess, Scott C.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Baskett, Marissa L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burgess, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM scburgess@ucdavis.edu RI Baskett, Marissa/P-1762-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Baskett, Marissa/0000-0001-6102-1110; FU National Science Foundation Award [DEB-0918984]; UC Davis Center for Population Biology Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors greatly appreciate the comments and feedback provided by O. Ronce and three anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved the final manuscript. D. Bolnick, R. Gomulkiewicz, A. Sih, and J. Ashander provided valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript that also contributed significantly to the final version. J. Tufto kindly provided R code that helped with performing the Fourier transformations and other aspects of the model. Funding support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation Award #DEB-0918984 to MLB. SCB was also supported by the UC Davis Center for Population Biology Postdoctoral Fellowship. All authors declare no conflict of interest. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD OCT PY 2013 VL 67 IS 10 BP 3012 EP 3022 DI 10.1111/evo.12176 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 229IC UT WOS:000325255100019 PM 24094350 ER PT J AU Dorner, B Holt, KR Peterman, RM Jordan, C Larsen, DP Olsen, AR Abdul-Aziz, OI AF Dorner, Brigitte Holt, Kendra R. Peterman, Randall M. Jordan, Chris Larsen, David P. Olsen, Anthony R. Abdul-Aziz, Omar I. TI Evaluating alternative methods for monitoring and estimating responses of salmon productivity in the North Pacific to future climatic change and other processes: A simulation study SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salmon monitoring; Climate change; Confounding; Sampling design; Productivity changes; Stock assessment; Ocean conditions ID ONCORHYNCHUS-SPP.; SURVIVAL RATES; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; MODELS; STOCKS; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB We used empirically based simulation modelling of 48 sockeye salmon (O. nerka) populations to examine how reliably alternative monitoring designs and fish stock assessment methods can distinguish between changes in density-dependent versus density-independent components of productivity and identify the relative contribution of a climate-driven covariate. We explored a wide range of scenarios for ocean and freshwater conditions and the response of salmon productivity (adult recruits per spawner) to those conditions. Our results show that stock assessments based on historical relationships between salmon productivity and climate-driven oceanographic conditions will likely perform poorly when those relationships change, even when such changes are anticipated and incorporated into stock assessment models in a timely manner. Estimating the relative importance of climate-driven oceanographic influences as a driver of sockeye productivity will be difficult, especially ilclimatic changes occur rapidly and concurrently with other disturbances. Thus, better understanding of the mechanisms by which climatic changes and other drivers influence salmon productivity may be essential to avoid undesirable management outcomes. As well, an expansion of monitoring of juvenile salmon abundances on more salmon stocks is needed to help distinguish the effects of different drivers. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorner, Brigitte; Holt, Kendra R.; Peterman, Randall M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Dorner, Brigitte] Gen Delivery, Lasqueti Isl, BC V0R 2J0, Canada. [Jordan, Chris] US EPA, NOAA Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Larsen, David P.] US EPA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Olsen, Anthony R.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Abdul-Aziz, Omar I.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dorner, B (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM bdorner@driftwoodcove.ca; kendra.holt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; peterman@sfu.ca; chris.jordan@noaa.gov; larsen.phil@epa.gov; olsen.tony@epa.gov; oabdulaz@fiu.edu FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Palo Alto, California); Canada Research Chairs Program (Ottawa); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Major funding for this work came from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Palo Alto, California) through a grant administered by Erica Fleishman through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) in Santa Barbara, California. Additional funds were provided by the Canada Research Chairs Program (Ottawa) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We are also grateful to Simon Fraser University and WestGrid for providing the high-performance computing resources required to conduct this research. Brendan Connors, Michael Malick, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful feedback on previous drafts of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 10 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.03.017 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900002 ER PT J AU Wells, RJD Kohin, S Teo, SLH Snodgrass, OE Uosaki, K AF Wells, R. J. David Kohin, Suzanne Teo, Steven L. H. Snodgrass, Owyn E. Uosaki, Koji TI Age and growth of North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga): Implications for stock assessment SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Albacore; Thunnus alalunga; Otoliths; Fin spines; Length frequency ID SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; LENGTH-FREQUENCY; YELLOWFIN TUNA; TAGGING DATA; BIGEYE TUNA; INCREMENTS; MIGRATION; ALBACARES; MACCOYII; ATLANTIC AB Accurate estimates of age and growth parameters are important for fisheries management because these values affect stock assessment models. Age and growth of North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) was assessed by examining annual growth increments in sagittal otoliths from 486 fish collected in different regions of the North Pacific Ocean. A wide size range of albacore (52-128 cm fork length, FL) was collected in an attempt to incorporate size-at-age information over juvenile, sub-adult, and adult life history stages. Overall, ages ranged from 1 to 15 years, with the majority of fish between 2 and 4 years of age. Growth models fit otolith-based size-at-age well, and Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size indicated that the specialized von Bertalanffy (VB) model provided the best fit. The estimated biological parameters of the specialized VB model were L-infinity = 124.1 cm FL, K = 0.164 year(-1), and t(0) = -2.239. Daily ages were also determined and verified correct age-1 assignments for fish 55-61 cm FL, with daily ages ranging from 378 to 505 days. In addition, dorsal fin spines and length frequency (LF) analysis were used to obtain estimates of size-at-age and corroborated results from otolith-based techniques. Modeling exercises resulted in nearly an order of magnitude difference in spawning stock biomass (SSB) when comparing growth parameters obtained from this study relative to previous stock assessment models of North Pacific albacore. Results suggest North Pacific albacore is a relatively long lived tuna species and provide updated biological parameters useful for future stock assessment models. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wells, R. J. David] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Kohin, Suzanne; Teo, Steven L. H.; Snodgrass, Owyn E.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Uosaki, Koji] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu Ku, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. RP Wells, RJD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. EM wellsr@tamug.edu FU NOAA Fisheries National Cooperative Research Program FX This project was in part funded through the NOAA Fisheries National Cooperative Research Program. We thank the American Albacore Fishing Association (AAFA) and American Fishermen's Research Foundation (AFRF) and all the captains and crew for providing samples necessary for this project. In addition, support from the Sportfishing Association of California and the Honolulu Fish Auction allowed personnel to acquire samples. Central Pacific samples were acquired with the assistance of N. Aberilla, K. Bigelow, B. Humphreys, D. Itano, J. Rooker, B. Takenaka and K. Underkoffler. Lastly, we thank R. Barabe for assistance with the processing of fin spines. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.001 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900007 ER PT J AU Taylor, IG Gertseva, V Matson, SE AF Taylor, Ian G. Gertseva, Vladlena Matson, Sean E. TI Spine-based ageing methods in the spiny dogfish shark, Squalus suckleyi: How they measure up SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Spiny dogfish shark; Northeast Pacific Ocean; Dorsal spine; Ageing method; Stock assessment ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; AGE-DETERMINATION; LIFE-HISTORY; ACANTHIAS; GROWTH; VALIDATION; SELECTION; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; SEBASTES AB The second dorsal spine has historically been used for age determination in the spiny dogfish shark. The dorsal spines are located on the external surface of the body and are subjected to natural wear and breakage. Two methods have been developed to account for the worn portion of the spine and extrapolate the lost annuli. We compared the performance of these methods using a large data collection assembled from multiple sources, and evaluated their utility for stock assessment and management of the spiny dogfish shark Squalus suckleyi in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Our results showed that the two methods produced very different age estimates for older fish with worn spines. Both methods raised significant questions about some aspects of the age estimates produced, and further exploration of techniques to account for worn spine annuli is needed. It is therefore important to develop alternative methods for shark age determination, including those using stained vertebrae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, Ian G.; Gertseva, Vladlena] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Matson, Sean E.] NOAA, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Northwest Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Taylor, IG (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ian.Taylor@noaa.gov; Vladlena.Gertseva@noaa.gov; Sean.Matson@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.04.011 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900010 ER PT J AU Bellman, MA Heery, E AF Bellman, Marlene A. Heery, Eliza TI Discarding and fishing mortality trends in the US west coast groundfish demersal trawl fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; Trawl; Fishing effort; Ratio estimation; Individual Fishing Quota ID MANAGEMENT; ROCKFISH AB Quantifying discarded catch is needed to guide effective fishery management and recognize the unintended impacts of fishing; ultimately to promote a more sustainable fishery. To understand fishing mortality prior to the establishment of an IFQ management system, we provide estimates of discarded and total catch (sum of discard and landings) in the U.S. west coast groundfish demersal trawl fishery from 2002 to 2009. West Coast Groundfish Observer Program (WCGOP) data were expanded to fleet-level discard estimates using a ratio estimator. Total estimated discard in the fishery declined by 52% across the study period. On average, 29% of the annual groundfish catch was discarded at-sea. A high proportion of catch was discarded during 2002, but subsequently overall discard decreased even though fishing effort (landings and trawl tow hours) increased in the fishery from 2004 to 2009. The largest components of discard (by weight) were Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), skates (Rajidae sp.) and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). In 2009 relative to 2002, the discarded fraction of catch for rebuilding species, which constrain the fishery, had increased by 39%. In contrast, the discarded fraction of catch for target species had decreased by 24%. In addition, much of the fishing effort shifted to deeper waters. Our results represent a baseline for future comparisons as the fishery shifted from trip limit management to an Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) program in 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bellman, Marlene A.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Heery, Eliza] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bellman, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM marlene.bellman@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.04.007 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900013 ER PT J AU Chang, SK DiNardo, G Farley, J Brodziak, J Yuan, ZL AF Chang, Shui-Kai DiNardo, Gerard Farley, Jessica Brodziak, Jon Yuan, Zih-Lun TI Possible stock structure of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in Taiwan coastal waters and globally based on reviews of growth parameters SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Dolphinfish; Growth performance index; von Bertalanffy growth function; Simultaneous confidence region; Stock structure ID WESTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC; EAST-CHINA SEA; NORTH-CAROLINA; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AGE; FISH; POPULATION; GULF; MANAGEMENT AB Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is used by many coastal countries. Sustaining harvest of this resource will require cooperation among fishing countries in each region, and determining population structure is paramount to ensuring effective management. Examining life-history parameters (such as growth rate) is a useful and relatively inexpensive method for identifying possible stock units, which can be subsequently confirmed by other methods. The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, we examine the two-stock assumption for Taiwanese dolphinfish and the reliability of estimated growth curves based on seasonally-stratified growth performance indices. The von Bertalanffy growth functions (VBGF) were firstly estimated from 2005 to 2009 length frequency sample data of eastern and southern coasts of Taiwan. New growth performance indices were then calculated from the log-transformed parameters of the VBGF and examined by a simultaneous confidence region (SCR) under the assumption of bivariate normal distribution. Second, we summarize VBGF parameter estimates from all regions worldwide and based on the growth parameters and performance indices, review the possible stock structures and the reliability of growth estimations for dolphinfish. The results support a single-stock hypothesis for dolphinfish in the Kuroshio Current off Taiwan with new estimated VBGF parameters of L-infinity = 149.4 cm and K = 0.72 year(-1). Some potentially biased estimates of dolphinfish growth parameters are identified in the worldwide VBGF dataset and are suggested for further investigations. Excluding these estimates, the results indicate at least a five-stock structure in the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Shui-Kai; Yuan, Zih-Lun] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Affairs, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. [DiNardo, Gerard; Brodziak, Jon] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Farley, Jessica] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Chang, SK (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Affairs, 70 Lien Hai Rd, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. EM skchang@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw RI Farley, Jessica/E-4957-2014; OI Chang, Shui-Kai/0000-0003-2929-1510 FU NOAA [NFFR7400-11-04742, NFFR7400-12-03755]; Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Centre, National Sun Yat-sen University FX We appreciate the constructive comments made by Dr. Simon Hoyle of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community and Dr. Paige Eveson of the CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research on the manuscript. We also greatly appreciate the exhaustive comments and efforts made by the two anonymous reviewers. Financial support for the research was provided by NOAA contracts NFFR7400-11-04742 and NFFR7400-12-03755, and partially by the Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Centre, National Sun Yat-sen University. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.003 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900014 ER PT J AU Hannan, KM Fogg, AQ Driggers, WB Hoffmayer, ER Ingram, GW Grace, MA AF Hannan, Kristin M. Fogg, Alex Q. Driggers, William B., III Hoffmayer, Eric R. Ingram, G. Walter, Jr. Grace, Mark A. TI Size selectivity and catch rates of two small coastal shark species caught on circle and J hooks in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bottom longline; Carcharhinidae; Commercial fisheries; Elasmobranch ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; MORTALITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; BYCATCH; IMPACT; TARGET AB Experimental longline sets were conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico to examine effects of similarly sized circle and J hooks on the catchability and size selectivity of Atlantic sharpnose (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) and blacknose (Carcharhinus acronotus) sharks. Circle hooks caught relatively smaller fish but showed a higher catch per unit effort than J hooks for both species. Potential biasing factors such as spatiotemporal variability in longline deployment locations and differential bite-off rates between hook types were examined; however, neither source was found to be significant. As all gear components, with the exception of hook type, were constant, the difference in size selectivity and catchability between hook types was attributed to the narrower minimum width of the circle hooks, as has been suggested for other fishes. The results of this study demonstrate that when comparing similarly sized hook types, relatively small sharks are more susceptible to circle hooks than J hooks. This finding underlines the importance of understanding which segment of a population is most vulnerable to a specific hook type and size if mandating the use of a specific hook is considered as a management strategy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hannan, Kristin M.; Fogg, Alex Q.; Driggers, William B., III; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.; Grace, Mark A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.05.005 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900016 ER PT J AU Guy, TJ Jennings, SL Suryan, RM Melvin, EF Bellman, MA Ballance, LT Blackie, BA Croll, DA Deguchi, T Geernaert, TO Henry, RW Hester, M Hyrenbach, KD Jahncke, J Kappes, MA Ozaki, K Roletto, J Sato, F Sydeman, WJ Zamon, JE AF Guy, T. J. Jennings, S. L. Suryan, R. M. Melvin, E. F. Bellman, M. A. Ballance, L. T. Blackie, B. A. Croll, D. A. Deguchi, T. Geernaert, T. O. Henry, R. W. Hester, M. Hyrenbach, K. D. Jahncke, J. Kappes, M. A. Ozaki, K. Roletto, J. Sato, F. Sydeman, W. J. Zamon, J. E. TI Overlap of North Pacific albatrosses with the US west coast groundfish and shrimp fisheries SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Seabird bycatch; Risk assessment; North Pacific albatrosses; Demersal longline fisheries; Trawl fisheries ID SHORT-TAILED ALBATROSSES; FORAGING DESTINATIONS; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; SEABIRD BYCATCH; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; LONGLINE; MORTALITY; ISLANDS; TRAWL; BIRD AB We used a combination of seabird data (both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent) and fishing-effort data to evaluate the relative fisheries risk of five west coast groundfish fisheries and one shrimp fishery to black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes), short-tailed (P. albatrus) and Laysan albatrosses (P. immutabilis). To assess risk, an overlap index was derived as the product of total fishing effort and at-sea survey density of black-footed albatross. This index was used as the primary tool to estimate overlap with the endangered, relatively rare short-tailed albatross, which show similar habitat utilization from satellite telemetry tracks. Telemetry data indicate Laysan albatross primarily occur offshore beyond observed fishing effort. Black-footed and short-tailed albatross-fishery overlap was highest at the shelf-break (201-1000 m) north of 36 degrees N. Overlap and reported albatross mortality indicate that the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) longline and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) catcher-processor fisheries pose the greatest risk to these species; the near-shore rockfish (Seabastes spp.) longline, pink shrimp (Pandalus jordani) trawl, California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) trawl, and non-hake groundfish trawl fisheries pose relatively little risk. Implementing proven seabird bycatch-reduction measures will likely minimize albatross mortality in the highest-risk fishery, sablefish longline. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guy, T. J.; Jennings, S. L.; Melvin, E. F.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Suryan, R. M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bellman, M. A.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ballance, L. T.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Blackie, B. A.] Olymp Coast Natl Marine Sanctuary, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. [Croll, D. A.; Henry, R. W.; Kappes, M. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Deguchi, T.; Ozaki, K.; Sato, F.] Yamashina Inst Ornithol, Chiba 2701145, Japan. [Geernaert, T. O.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Hester, M.] Oikonos Ecosyst Knowledge, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Hyrenbach, K. D.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Jahncke, J.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Roletto, J.] NOAA Gulf Farallones Natl Marine Sanctuary, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. [Sydeman, W. J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Zamon, J. E.] NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Guy, TJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, 3716 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM troyguy@uw.edu OI Deguchi, Tomohiro/0000-0001-8005-9114 FU NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; NMFS Northwest Regional Office; NOAA Fisheries National Seabird Program; Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington FX We thank our many collaborators for their contributions to this effort. The West Coast Groundfish Observer Program and the At-Sea Hake Observer Program compiled data on fishing effort and opportunistic short-tailed albatross sightings and provided fishery information. David Anderson contributed a portion of the black-footed albatross satellite-tracking data. We greatly appreciate the many fisheries observers, at-sea seabird observers, satellite-tagging field crews, and vessel captains and crews who were involved in collecting the data used in these analyses. David Anderson, Patricia Burke, Thomas Good, David Gordon, Janell Majewski, Michelle McClure, Eric Scigliano, Scott Shaffer, and two anonymous reviewers improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding for analysis and writing of this manuscript was provided by the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS Northwest Regional Office, and NOAA Fisheries National Seabird Program, and from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington. The Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and the Oregon State University, Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies provided administrative support for R. Suryan. We are also very grateful to the many sources of funding that supported the collection of data used in our analyses of which there are too many to list here. Please see references of individual datasets for full acknowledgments. This is contribution No. 438 of the North Pacific Research Board. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.06.009 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900025 ER PT J AU Addis, DT Patterson, WF Dance, MA Ingram, GW AF Addis, Dustin T. Patterson, William F., III Dance, Michael A. Ingram, G. Walter, Jr. TI Implications of reef fish movement from unreported artificial reef sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tagging; Artificial reefs; Gulf of Mexico; Reef fishes ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; RED SNAPPER; NORTHEASTERN GULF; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; HABITAT; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RESERVES; MODEL AB Artificial reefs were deployed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) by the state of Florida's marine fisheries agency but not reported to the public in an attempt to create no-harvest refuges for exploited fishes. As part of a broader examination of the efficacy of this approach, a tagging study was conducted at a subset (n=9) of these unreported artificial reefs to examine the likelihood that reef fishes would remain associated with them and to test factors affecting species-specific movement. Quarterly tagging trips (n=12) were made between March 2005 and December 2007 during which 3109 fish among 12 species were tagged with internal anchor tags. Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus, n=2114), gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus, n=267), and groupers (Family: Serranidae, n=148), were among the most frequently tagged fishes. Eighty-six fish were recaptured on subsequent tagging trips and fishermen reported 249 recaptures caught away from study sites. Mean (SD) distance moved among recaptures with reported recapture location was 37.1 (6.6) km for red snapper (n=173), 8.8 (3.1) km for gray triggerfish (n=47), and 25.2 (14.9) km for groupers (n=26). During the study, a hurricane passed over the study area, thus adding an unplanned factor to movement analyses. Fish size, reef depth, time free, and hurricane exposure significantly affected the likelihood of red snapper movement (p<0.020), but only fish size significantly affected distance moved (p=0.036). No factors significantly affected gray triggerfish movement, and low sample size precluded statistical tests of grouper movement. Overall, results indicate that large scale (>100 km) red snapper movement was not dependent on hurricane occurrence, while gray triggerfish displayed mostly limited (<10 km) movement irrespective of factors tested. The scale of movement observed suggests the efficacy of unreported artificial reefs to serve as no-harvest refuges is doubtful, especially when regional fishing mortality is high. Marine protected areas may be an effective alternative approach to facilitate the recovery of overfished stocks, but would need to be expansive to account for reef fish movement. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Addis, Dustin T.; Patterson, William F., III; Dance, Michael A.] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. [Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Addis, DT (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Dustin.Addis@myfwc.com FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission [FWC-04032, FWC-05027, FWC-06120] FX The authors express their gratitude to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission for funding (Grants FWC-04032, -05027, and -06120 to WFP), specifically J. Dodrill and K. Mille for their support. Study sponsors played no role in study design, in data collection, analysis, and interpretation, in report writing, or in the decision to publish this work. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.07.011 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900039 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Ward, EJ AF Thorson, James T. Ward, Eric J. TI Accounting for space-time interactions in index standardization models SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Index standardization; Mixed-effects model; Bayesian model; Random effect ID ABUNDANCE-OCCUPANCY RELATIONSHIPS; CATCH; FISH; ESTIMATORS; DYNAMICS AB Scientific survey data are used to estimate abundance trends for fish populations worldwide, and are frequently analyzed using delta-generalized linear mixed models (delta-GLMMs). Delta-GLMMs incorporate information about both the probability of catch being non-zero (catch probability) and the expected value for non-zero catches (catch rates). Delta-GLMMs generally incorporate year as a main effect, and frequently account for spatial strata and/or covariates. Many existing delta-GLMMs do not account for random or systematic differences in catch probability or rates in particular combinations of spatial strata and year (i.e., space-time interactions), and do not recognize potential correlation in random space-time interactions between catch probability and catch rates. We therefore develop a Bayesian delta-GLMM that estimates correlations between catch probability and rates, and compare it with either (a) ignoring year-strata interactions, (b) modeling year-strata interactions as fixed effects, or (c) estimating year-strata interactions in catch probability or rates as independent random effects. These four models are fitted to bottom trawl survey data for 28 species off the U.S. West Coast. The posterior median of the correlation is positive for the majority (18) of species, including all five for which the posterior distribution has little overlap with zero. However, estimating this correlation has little impact on resulting abundance indices or credible intervals. We therefore conclude that the correlated random model will have a little impact on index standardization of the West Coast bottom trawl dataset. However, we propose that the correlated model can quickly identify correlations between occupancy probability and density, and provide our code to allow researchers to quickly identify whether such a correlation is likely to be significantly different from zero for their chosen data set. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thorson, James T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 147 BP 426 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.03.012 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 228MW UT WOS:000325191900047 ER PT J AU Hu, XQ Xu, N Weng, FZ Zhang, Y Chen, L Zhang, P AF Hu, Xiuqing Xu, Na Weng, Fuzhong Zhang, Yong Chen, Lin Zhang, Peng TI Long-Term Monitoring and Correction of FY-2 Infrared Channel Calibration Using AIRS and IASI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; double-difference temperature (DDT); FengYun (FY) satellite; global space-based intercalibration system (GSICS) ID WATER-VAPOR CHANNEL; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE; ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES; OPERATIONAL CALIBRATION; INTER-CALIBRATION; IMAGERS; INTERCALIBRATION; RADIANCES; HIRS; SOUNDERS AB Hyperspectral radiances from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are used as a reference to improve the calibration accuracy for FengYun-2 (FY-2) infrared (IR) channel radiances. It is shown that the previous FY-2 operational calibration for IR bands produces significant bias in brightness temperatures that can exceed 1.1 K. In particular, the FY-2 IR3 band (6.7 mu m) has the largest bias of 2.0 K. The daytime double-difference temperature (DDT) between AIRS and IASI using FY-2 imagers as a transfer medium showed an excellent consistency, is within 0.2 K at 290 K, and is stable over time for FY-2C/2D/2E. This only indicates the robust calibrations applied for both the AIRS and IASI measurements. During the nighttime of the Earth observation, stray light in space affects the long-term stability of the FY-2 DDT, particularly for the Earth scene at 220 K. FY-2E satellite which was launched in 2009 has an instrument design improvement. Intercalibrating FY-2 four times using AIRS and IASI data can reveal the diurnal features of the FY-2 instrument calibration. The temporal DDT appears very large during the spring and autumn eclipse times. Not only can the global-space-based-intercalibration-system intercalibration method provide an excellent operational calibration for the FY-2 imager, but it can also help improve the design of future instruments and onboard blackbody calibration. C1 [Hu, Xiuqing; Xu, Na; Zhang, Yong; Chen, Lin; Zhang, Peng] CMA, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, NSMC, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hu, XQ (reprint author), CMA, Key Lab Radiometr Calibrat & Validat Environm Sat, NSMC, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM huxq@cma.gov.cn RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) [2010CB951600, 2010CB950802]; MOST [ID 2012AA120903, 2007AA12Z145]; Ministry of Finance [ID GYHY200906036] FX This work was supported in part by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) through Projects 2010CB951600 and 2010CB950802, by MOST through Projects 863 (ID 2012AA120903 and 2007AA12Z145), and by the Ministry of Finance (ID GYHY200906036) through the Society Welfare Project (Meteorology). NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2013 VL 51 IS 10 SI SI BP 5008 EP 5018 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2275871 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 230XX UT WOS:000325377900012 ER PT J AU Wade, AA Beechie, TJ Fleishman, E Mantua, NJ Wu, H Kimball, JS Stoms, DM Stanford, JA AF Wade, Alisa A. Beechie, Timothy J. Fleishman, Erica Mantua, Nathan J. Wu, Huan Kimball, John S. Stoms, David M. Stanford, Jack A. TI Steelhead vulnerability to climate change in the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation measures; adaptive management; climate change vulnerability; exposure; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Pacific salmon; risk assessment; sensitivity ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CHINOOK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FLOW REGIME; TEMPERATURE; STREAM; TROUT; RESTORATION; IMPACTS; SURVIVAL AB 1. Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and other Pacific salmon are threatened by unsustainable levels of harvest, genetic introgression from hatchery stocks and degradation or loss of freshwater habitat. Projected climate change is expected to further stress salmon through increases in stream temperatures and altered stream flows. 2. We demonstrate a spatially explicit method for assessing salmon vulnerability to projected climatic changes (scenario for the years 2030-2059), applied here to steelhead salmon across the entire Pacific Northwest (PNW). We considered steelhead exposure to increased temperatures and more extreme high and low flows during four of their primary freshwater life stages: adult migration, spawning, incubation and rearing. Steelhead sensitivity to climate change was estimated on the basis of their regulatory status and the condition of their habitat. We assessed combinations of exposure and sensitivity to suggest actions that may be most effective for reducing steelhead vulnerability to climate change. 3. Our relative ranking of locations suggested that steelhead exposure to increases in temperature will be most widespread in the southern Pacific Northwest, whereas exposure to substantial flow changes will be most widespread in the interior and northern Pacific Northwest. There were few locations where we projected that steelhead had both relatively low exposure and sensitivity to climate change. 4. Synthesis and applications. There are few areas where habitat protection alone is likely to be sufficient to conserve steelhead under the scenario of climate change considered here. Instead, our results suggest the need for coordinated, landscape-scale actions that both increase salmon resilience and ameliorate climate change impacts, such as restoring connectivity of floodplains and high-elevation habitats. C1 [Wade, Alisa A.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Beechie, Timothy J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wu, Huan; Kimball, John S.; Stanford, Jack A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Stoms, David M.] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Wade, AA (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, 32 Campus Dr 1296, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM alisa.wade@mso.umt.edu RI Wu, Huan/K-1003-2013 OI Wu, Huan/0000-0003-2920-8860 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This research was made possible by generous funding from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to the University of California, Santa Barbara, through the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and to the Flathead Lake Biological Station at the University of Montana. We thank J. Greene and F. Madrinan for assistance in reviewing the literature on effects of climate change on salmon. We also thank all the people involved in the project for their insight and assistance. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1104 DI 10.1111/1365-2664.12137 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227AP UT WOS:000325079800002 ER PT J AU Giangrande, SE Collis, S Straka, J Protat, A Williams, C Krueger, S AF Giangrande, Scott E. Collis, Scott Straka, Jerry Protat, Alain Williams, Christopher Krueger, Steven TI A Summary of Convective-Core Vertical Velocity Properties Using ARM UHF Wind Profilers in Oklahoma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Convective storms; Deep convection; Updrafts; In situ atmospheric observations; Profilers; atmospheric; Radars; Radar observations ID BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; DOPPLER RADAR; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; SINGLE-DOPPLER; PART I; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEMS; MOTION; CLOUD AB This study presents a summary of the properties of deep convective updraft and downdraft cores over the central plains of the United States, accomplished using a novel and now-standard Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) scanning mode for a commercial wind-profiler system. A unique profiler-based hydrometeor fall-speed correction method modeled for the convective environment was adopted. Accuracy of the velocity retrievals from this effort is expected to be within 2 m s(-1), with minimal bias and base core resolution expected near 1 km. Updraft cores are found to behave with height in reasonable agreement with aircraft observations of previous continental convection, including those of the Thunderstorm Project. Intense updraft cores with magnitudes exceeding 15 m s(-1) are routinely observed. Downdraft cores are less frequently observed, with weaker magnitudes than updrafts. Weak, positive correlations are found between updraft intensity (maximum) and updraft diameter length (coefficient r to 0.5 aloft). Negligible correlations are observed for downdraft core lengths and intensity. C1 [Giangrande, Scott E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Collis, Scott] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Straka, Jerry] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Protat, Alain] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Williams, Christopher] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Krueger, Steven] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Giangrande, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 490D,Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM scott.giangrande@bnl.gov RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science (BER) of the Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64553]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1036237]; [DE-SC0007080] FX This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the U.S. government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. government purposes. Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL) work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research was also supported by the Office of Science (BER) of the Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-08ER64553. The research was also supported under Grant DE-SC0007080. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation under AGS-1036237 (Dr. Chungu Lu, program manager). In addition, the authors thank Pavlos Kollias, Michael Jensen, and ARM mentor Richard Coulter for their leadership roles with respect to the associated ARM Profiler and MC3E IOP campaign configurations and dataset collection. We also thank Edwin Campos of ANL for an internal review of this manuscript and Zac Flamig (OU/NSSL) for access to NSSL NEXRAD NMQ dataset archives. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2278 EP 2295 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0185.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232GY UT WOS:000325482000006 ER PT J AU Van Dam, B Helmig, D Neff, W Kramer, L AF Van Dam, B. Helmig, D. Neff, W. Kramer, L. TI Evaluation of Boundary Layer Depth Estimates at Summit Station, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Snowpack; Chemistry; atmospheric ID SOUTH-POLE; NO; HEIGHT; CHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; OZONE AB Boundary layer conditions in polar regions have been shown to have a significant impact on the levels of trace gases in the lower atmosphere. The ability to properly describe boundary layer characteristics (e.g., stability, depth, and variations on diurnal and seasonal scales) is essential to understanding the processes that control chemical budgets and surface fluxes in these regions. Surface turbulence data measured from 3D sonic anemometers on an 8-m tower at Summit Station, Greenland, were used for estimating boundary layer depths (BLD) in stable to weakly stable conditions. The turbulence-derived BLD estimates were evaluated for June 2010 using direct BLD measurements from an acoustic sounder located approximately 50 m away from the tower. BLDs during this period varied diurnally; minimum values were less than 10 m, and maximum values were greater than 150 m. BLD estimates provided a better comparison with sodar observations during stable conditions. Ozone and nitrogen oxides were also measured at the meteorological tower and investigated for their dependency on boundary layer structure. These analyses, in contrast to observations from South Pole, Antarctica, did not show a clear relation between surface-layer atmospheric trace-gas levels and the stable boundary layer. C1 [Van Dam, B.; Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neff, W.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kramer, L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu OI Van Dam, Brie/0000-0003-4604-5215 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OPP-07-13992] FX This research is funded through the National Science Foundation Grant NSF-OPP-07-13992. The authors thank the Summit Station science technicians, the 109th Air National Guard, and CH2MHill Polar Services for logistical support. Additional gratitude is extended to the Danish Commission for Scientific Research for providing access to GEOSummit Station. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2356 EP 2362 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-055.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232GY UT WOS:000325482000011 ER PT J AU Krasting, JP Broccoli, AJ Dixon, KW Lanzante, JR AF Krasting, John P. Broccoli, Anthony J. Dixon, Keith W. Lanzante, John R. TI Future Changes in Northern Hemisphere Snowfall SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Snowfall; Climate change; Climate variability; Temperature; Time series ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; US NORTHEAST; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; COVER; GREENLAND; RAINFALL AB Using simulations performed with 18 coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), projections of the Northern Hemisphere snowfall under the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5) scenario are analyzed for the period 2006-2100. These models perform well in simulating twentieth-century snowfall, although there is a positive bias in many regions. Annual snowfall is projected to decrease across much of the Northern Hemisphere during the twenty-first century, with increases projected at higher latitudes. On a seasonal basis, the transition zone between negative and positive snowfall trends corresponds approximately to the -10 degrees C isotherm of the late twentieth-century mean surface air temperature, such that positive trends prevail in winter over large regions of Eurasia and North America. Redistributions of snowfall throughout the entire snow season are projected to occureven in locations where there is little change in annual snowfall. Changes in the fraction of precipitation falling as snow contribute to decreases in snowfall across most Northern Hemisphere regions, while changes in total precipitation typically contribute to increases in snowfall. A signal-to-noise analysis reveals that the projected changes in snowfall, based on the RCP4.5 scenario, are likely to become apparent during the twenty-first century for most locations in the Northern Hemisphere. The snowfall signal emerges more slowly than the temperature signal, suggesting that changes in snowfall are not likely to be early indicators of regional climate change. C1 [Krasting, John P.; Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Krasting, John P.; Dixon, Keith W.; Lanzante, John R.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Krasting, JP (reprint author), 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM john.krasting@noaa.gov RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 26 IS 20 BP 7813 EP 7828 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00832.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229MM UT WOS:000325269800002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Kumar, A Wang, WQ AF Wang, Hui Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu TI Characteristics of Subsurface Ocean Response to ENSO Assessed from Simulations with the NCEP Climate Forecast System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; ENSO; Sea surface temperature; Coupled models; Oceanic variability ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; EL-NINO; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC ANOMALIES; SEASONAL DEPENDENCE; ATLANTIC; MECHANISMS AB The subsurface ocean temperature response to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is examined based on 31-yr (1981-2011) simulations with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled model. The model sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific is relaxed to observations to ensure realistic ENSO variability in the simulations.In the tropical Pacific, the subsurface temperature response to the ENSO SST is closely related to the variability of thermocline. The subsurface response is stronger and deeper in the tropical Indian Ocean than in the tropical Atlantic. The analysis at three selected locations reveals that the peak response of the subsurface temperature to ENSO lags the Nino-3.4 SST by 3, 6, and 6 months, respectively, in the southern tropical Indian Ocean, the northern tropical Atlantic, and the North Pacific, where SSTs are also known to be strongly influenced by ENSO. The ENSO-forced temperature anomalies gradually penetrate to the deeper ocean with time in the North Pacific and the tropical Atlantic, but not in the tropical Indian Ocean where the subsurface response at different depths peaks almost at the same time (i.e., at about 3-4 months following ENSO). It is demonstrated that the ENSO-induced surface wind stress plays an important role in determining the time scale and strength of the subsurface temperature response to ENSO in the North Pacific and the northern tropical Atlantic. Additionally, the ENSO-related local surface latent heat flux also contributes to the subsurface response to ENSO in these two regions. C1 [Wang, Hui; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 26 IS 20 BP 8065 EP 8083 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00795.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229MM UT WOS:000325269800020 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR Schmid, C Lumpkin, R AF Foltz, Gregory R. Schmid, Claudia Lumpkin, Rick TI Seasonal Cycle of the Mixed Layer Heat Budget in the Northeastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Heat budgets; fluxes; Surface fluxes ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MERIDIONAL MODE; GUINEA DOME; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; RELEVANCE; TRANSPORT AB The seasonal cycle of the mixed layer heat budget in the northeastern tropical Atlantic (0 degrees-25 degrees N, 18 degrees-28 degrees W) is quantified using in situ and satellite measurements together with atmospheric reanalysis products. This region is characterized by pronounced latitudinal movements of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and strong meridional variations of the terms in the heat budget. Three distinct regimes within the northeastern tropical Atlantic are identified. The trade wind region (15 degrees-25 degrees N) experiences a strong annual cycle of mixed layer heat content that is driven by approximately out-of-phase annual cycles of surface shortwave radiation (SWR), which peaks in boreal summer, and evaporative cooling, which reaches a minimum in boreal summer. The surface heat-flux-induced changes in the mixed layer heat content are damped by a strong annual cycle of cooling from vertical turbulent mixing, estimated from the residual in the heat balance. In the ITCZ core region (3 degrees-8 degrees N) a weak seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat content is driven by a semiannual cycle of SWR and damped by evaporative cooling and vertical turbulent mixing. On the equator the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat content is balanced by an annual cycle of SWR that reaches a maximum in October and a semiannual cycle of turbulent mixing that cools the mixed layer most strongly during May-July and November. These results emphasize the importance of the surface heat flux and vertical turbulent mixing for the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat content in the northeastern tropical Atlantic. C1 [Foltz, Gregory R.; Schmid, Claudia; Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX The authors received support from the NOAA Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Guy Caniaux for suggestions that improved the manuscript. The Argo data used here were collected and are made freely available by the International Argo Program and by the national programs that contribute to it. The PIRATA data used in this study were collected, processed, and made freely available by the TAO Project Office of NOAA/PMEL. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 26 IS 20 BP 8169 EP 8188 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00037.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229MM UT WOS:000325269800027 ER PT J AU Pathak, C Curtis, D Kitzmiller, D Vieux, B AF Pathak, Chandra Curtis, David Kitzmiller, David Vieux, Baxter TI Identifying and Resolving the Barriers and Issues in Using Radar-Derived Rainfall Estimating Technology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; WSR-88D; BIAS C1 [Pathak, Chandra] US Army, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. [Curtis, David] West Consultants, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. [Kitzmiller, David] NOAA, Hydrol Sci & Modeling Branch, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Vieux, Baxter] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Vieux, Baxter] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Res, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Pathak, C (reprint author), US Army, Corps Engineers, 441 G St NW, Washington, DC 20314 USA. EM chandra.s.pathak@usace.army.mil; dcurtis@westconsultants.com; David.Kitzmiller@noaa.gov; bvieuex@ou.edu OI Vieux, Baxter/0000-0001-8814-4380 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1193 EP 1199 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000766 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 218XT UT WOS:000324466700002 ER PT J AU Mellor, G AF Mellor, George TI Pressure-Slope Momentum Transfer in Ocean Surface Boundary Layers Coupled with Gravity Waves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Currents; Gravity waves; Ocean circulation; Turbulence; Boundary layer ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT; DIRECTIONAL SPECTRA; LIMITED GROWTH; MODEL; CIRCULATION; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; BREAKING; DRAG AB The paper focuses on the consequences of including surface and subsurface, wind-forced pressure-slope momentum transfer into the oceanic water column, a transfer process that competes with now-conventional turbulence transfer based on mixing coefficients. Horizontal homogeneity is stipulated as is customary when introducing a new surface boundary layer model or significantly new vertical momentum transfer physics to an existing model. An introduction to pressure-slope momentum transfer is first provided by a phase-resolved, vertically dependent analytical model that excludes turbulence transfer. There follows a discussion of phase averaging; an appendix is an important adjunct to the discussion. Finally, a coupled wave-circulation model, which includes pressure-slope and turbulence momentum transfer, is presented and numerically executed. The calculated temperatures compare well with measurements from ocean weather station Papa. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Mellor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM glmellor@princeton.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2173 EP 2184 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-068.1 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 232ZT UT WOS:000325534400009 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Kelly, KA AF Dong, Shenfu Kelly, Kathryn A. TI How Well Do Climate Models Reproduce North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic Ocean; Fronts; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Water masses; Model evaluation; performance; Interannual variability ID SEA HEAT FLUXES; GULF-STREAM; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SST ANOMALIES; PART I; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION AB Formation and the subsequent evolution of the subtropical mode water (STMW) involve various dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Proper representation of mode water variability and contributions from various processes in climate models is important in order to predict future climate change under changing forcings. The North Atlantic STMW, often referred to as Eighteen Degree Water (EDW), in three coupled models, both with data assimilation [GFDL coupled data assimilation (GFDL CDA)] and without data assimilation [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1), and NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3)], is analyzed to evaluate how well EDW processes are simulated in those models and to examine whether data assimilation alters the model response to forcing. In comparison with estimates from observations, the data-assimilating model gives a better representation of the formation rate, the spatial distribution of EDW, and its thickness, with the largest EDW variability along the Gulf Stream (GS) path. The EDW formation rate in GFDL CM2.1 is very weak because of weak heat loss from the ocean in the model. Unlike the observed dominant southward movement of the EDW, the EDW in GFDL CM2.1 and CCSM3 moves eastward after formation in the excessively wide GS in the models. However, the GFDL CDA does not capture the observed thermal response of the overlying atmosphere to the ocean. Observations show a robust anticorrelation between the upper-ocean heat content and air-sea heat flux, with upper-ocean heat content leading air-sea heat flux by a few months. This anticorrelation is well captured by GFDL CM2.1 and CCSM3 but not by GFDL CDA. Only GFDL CM2.1 captures the observed anticorrelation between the upper-ocean heat content and EDW volume. This suggests that, although data assimilation corrects the readily observed variables, it degrades the model thermodynamic response to forcing. C1 [Dong, Shenfu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Dong, Shenfu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kelly, Kathryn A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Univ Miami, NOAA, CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM shenfu.dong@noaa.gov RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013 OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072 FU National Science Foundation [0960648, 0958548]; Atlantic Oceanographic and Metrological Laboratory, NOAA FX The authors thank the two anomalous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. This work has benefited from many conversations with other CLIMODE investigators. KAK was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant 0960648 (CLIMODE analysis). SD was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant 0958548 (CLIMODE analysis), and Atlantic Oceanographic and Metrological Laboratory, NOAA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2230 EP 2244 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0215.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 232ZT UT WOS:000325534400013 ER PT J AU Chen, SYS Zhao, W Donelan, MA Tolman, HL AF Chen, Shuyi S. Zhao, Wei Donelan, Mark A. Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Directional Wind-Wave Coupling in Fully Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Models: Results from CBLAST-Hurricane SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Air-sea interaction; Coupled models; Numerical analysis; modeling ID SPECTRUM SPATIAL VARIATION; AIR-FLOW SEPARATION; SEA-SURFACE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MESOSCALE MODEL; BREAKING WAVES; GROWING SEAS AB The extreme high winds, intense rainfall, large ocean waves, and copious sea spray in hurricanes push the surface-exchange parameters for temperature, water vapor, and momentum into untested regimes. The Coupled Boundary Layer Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST)-Hurricane program is aimed at developing improved coupling parameterizations (using the observations collected during the CBLAST-Hurricane field program) for the next-generation hurricane research prediction models. Hurricane-induced surface waves that determine the surface stress are highly asymmetric, which can affect storm structure and intensity significantly. Much of the stress is supported by waves in the wavelength range of 0.1-10 m, which is the unresolved spectral tail in present wave models. A directional wind-wave coupling method is developed to include effects of directionality of the wind and waves in hurricanes. The surface stress vector is calculated using the two-dimensional wave spectra from a wave model with an added short-wave spectral tail. The wind and waves are coupled in a vector form rather than through the traditional roughness scalar. This new wind-wave coupling parameterization has been implemented in a fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model with 1.67-km grid resolution in the atmospheric model, which can resolve finescale features in the extreme high-wind region of the hurricane eyewall. It has been tested in a number of storms including Hurricane Frances (2004), which is one of the best-observed storms during the CBLAST-Hurricane 2004 field program. This paper describes the new wind-wave coupling parameterization and examines the characteristics of the coupled model simulations of Hurricane Frances (2004). Observations of surface waves and winds are used to evaluate the coupled model results. C1 [Chen, Shuyi S.; Zhao, Wei; Donelan, Mark A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Chen, SYS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM schen@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zhao, Wei/K-7846-2012 FU Departmental Research Initiative (DRI) at the Office of Naval Research (ONR); ONR Research Grants [CBLAST N00014-01-1-0156, N00014-04-1-0109]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) [N00014-10-1-0162] FX The authors thank Chia-Ying Lee and Joe Tenerelli for their assistance during the course of the study and Ed Walsh for providing the SRA data in Hurricane Frances. CBLAST-Hurricane is a research program supported by a Departmental Research Initiative (DRI) at the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NOAA/AOC provided critical support in operation of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the CBLAST-Hurricane field program in 2003 and 2004. The WP-3D tail Doppler radar data is kindly provided by NOAA/AOML/HRD and TMI-AMSR SST data by the Remote Sensing Systems. The research is supported by the ONR Research Grants under CBLAST N00014-01-1-0156 and N00014-04-1-0109 and National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) N00014-10-1-0162. NR 72 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3198 EP 3215 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0157.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227XB UT WOS:000325147900012 ER PT J AU Liang, MC Lin, LC Tung, KK Yung, YL Sun, S AF Liang, Mao-Chang Lin, Li-Ching Tung, Ka-Kit Yung, Yuk L. Sun, Shan TI Impact of Climate Drift on Twenty-First-Century Projection in a Coupled Atmospheric-Ocean General Circulation Model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Climate models; Coupled models; Model comparison; Model evaluation; performance; Climate variability; Trends ID TEMPERATURE-CHANGE AB Reducing climate drift in coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) usually requires 1000-2000 years of spinup, which has not been practical for every modeling group to do. For the purpose of evaluating the impact of climate drift, the authors have performed a multimillennium-long control run of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model (GISS-EH) AOGCM and produced different twentieth-century historical simulations and subsequent twenty-first-century projections by branching off the control run at various stages of equilibration. The control run for this model is considered at quasi equilibration after a 1200-yr spinup from a cold start. The simulations that branched off different points after 1200 years are robust, in the sense that their ensemble means all produce the same future projection of warming, both in the global mean and in spatial detail. These robust projections differ from the one that was originally submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), which branched off a not-yet-equilibrated control run. The authors test various common postprocessing schemes in removing climate drift caused by a not-yet-equilibrated ocean initial state and find them to be ineffective, judging by the fact that they differ from each other and from the robust results that branched off an equilibrated control. The authors' results suggest that robust twenty-first-century projections of the forced response can be achieved by running climate simulations from an equilibrated ocean state, because memory of the different initial ocean state is lost in about 40 years if the forced run is started from a quasi-equilibrated state. C1 [Liang, Mao-Chang] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Liang, Mao-Chang] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Liang, Mao-Chang] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Zhongli City, Taiwan. [Lin, Li-Ching] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Tung, Ka-Kit] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sun, Shan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Liang, MC (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, 128 Acad Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan. EM mcl@rcec.sinica.edu.tw RI Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015 FU NSC [101-2628-M-001-001-MY4]; NSF [ATM 0808375, DMS 0940342]; Caltech's KISS program FX We thank editor Ming Cai for his detailed suggestions and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped focus the presentation. This work is supported in part by NSC Grant 101-2628-M-001-001-MY4 to Academia Sinica and its Grid Computing Center, KKT's research by NSF Grants ATM 0808375 and DMS 0940342, and YLY's by Caltech's KISS program. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3321 EP 3327 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0149.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227XB UT WOS:000325147900020 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li TI Prognostic Equation for Radar Radial Velocity Derived by Considering Atmospheric Refraction and Earth Curvature SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Advection; Radars; Radar observations; Differential equations; Error analysis; Data assimilation ID SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; MEASURING INFORMATION-CONTENT; ADJOINT-METHOD RETRIEVALS; ALTITUDE WIND FIELDS; MICROBURST WINDS; SPECTRAL FORMULATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; RAY PATH; REFLECTIVITY AB The prognostic equation for the radial velocity field observed with a Doppler radar is derived to include the effects of atmospheric refraction and earth curvature on radar-beam height and slope angle. The derived equation, called the radial velocity equation, contains a high-order small term that can be truncated. The truncated radial velocity equation is shown to be much more accurate than its counterpart radial velocity equation derived without considering the effects of atmospheric refraction and earth curvature. The truncated equation has the same concise form as its counterpart radial velocity equation but remains to be sufficiently accurate as a useful dynamic constraint for radar wind analysis and assimilation (in normal situations) even up to the farthest 300-km radial range of operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) scans where its counterpart radial velocity equation becomes erroneous. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141010778]; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Guoqing Ge of the University of Oklahoma (OU), Richard Doviak of NSSL, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the paper and to Kang Nai and Yuan Jiang of OU for their help in producing Figs. 2 and 7. The research was supported by ONR Grant N000141010778 to OU. Funding was also provided by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3328 EP 3338 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-011.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227XB UT WOS:000325147900021 ER PT J AU Douglass, KO Maxwell, SE Truong, GW van Zee, RD Whetstone, JR Hodges, JT Long, DA Plusquellic, DF AF Douglass, Kevin O. Maxwell, Stephen E. Truong, Gar-Wing van Zee, Roger D. Whetstone, James R. Hodges, Joseph T. Long, David A. Plusquellic, David F. TI Rapid scan absorption spectroscopy using a waveform-driven electro-optic phase modulator in the 1.6-1.65 mu m region SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; CAVITY; LASER; SPECTROMETER; LIDAR; BAND; CO2; PATHS AB A method is reported for performing fast optical frequency scans over a bandwidth of 36.9 GHz and at a sweep rate of 40 kHz using a single second-order sideband from an electro-optic phase modulator driven by an arbitrary waveform generator. Single sideband selection is accomplished using the resonator modes of a Fabry-Perot filter cavity having a finesse of approximate to 44 and a free-spectral range of 300 MHz. The finesse is sufficiently high to give <2% total transmission of the laser frequency carrier and all other nonresonant sidebands while sufficiently low to ensure on-resonance switching times as short as 100 ns. A frequency offset component of a diode laser is used for active stabilization of the laser to the filter cavity at all times eliminating frequency drift of the filter cavity transmission comb used for single sideband selection and scanning. The method is demonstrated for the detection of CO2 near 1602 nm and for CH4 lines near 1643 nm. Detection of ambient level concentrations of each of these gases is demonstrated in a 25 mu s scan over a path length of 50 m at a sensitivity of approximate to 3 x 10(-9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). The corresponding measurement uncertainties (k = 1 or 1 sigma) in a (2-3) ms time period and a 1 km path length are < +/- 2 mu mol/mol (ppm) for CO2 and < +/- 5 nmol/mol (ppb) for CH4. The arbitrary waveform control of the pulse sequence, repetition rate, and duty cycle provides for optimization of the light source for a variety of application areas that include path integrated differential absorption and differential absorption light detection and ranging. C1 [Douglass, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Maxwell, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, Gar-Wing; van Zee, Roger D.; Hodges, Joseph T.; Long, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Chem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Whetstone, James R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Special Programs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov FU NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program; NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship FX Support was provided by the NIST Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program. G.-W. Truong was supported at NIST by an Australian Fulbright Fellowship. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2696 EP 2703 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.30.002696 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 228UC UT WOS:000325215500018 ER PT J AU TheinHan, W Weir, MD Simon, CG Xu, HHK AF TheinHan, Wahwah Weir, Michael D. Simon, Carl G. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Non-rigid calcium phosphate cement containing hydrogel microbeads and absorbable fibres seeded with umbilical cord stem cells for bone engineering SO JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate cement (CPC); non-rigid scaffold; strength and strain; human umbilical cord stem cells; osteogenic differentiation; bone tissue engineering ID MARROW STROMAL CELLS; BIOACTIVE GLASS; IN-VITRO; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; ALGINATE HYDROGELS; SCAFFOLDS; REGENERATION; EXPRESSION; DELIVERY AB The need for bone repair has increased as the population ages. Non-rigid calcium phosphate scaffolds could provide compliance for micro-motions within the tissues and yet have load-supporting strength. The objectives of this study were to: (a) develop a non-rigid calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with microbeads and fibre reinforcement; and (b) investigate human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) proliferation, osteodifferentiation and mineralization on non-rigid CPC for the first time. Non-rigid CPC was fabricated by adding extra tetracalcium phosphate in the traditional CPC and by incorporating chitosan, absorbable fibres and hydrogel microbeads. The non-rigid CPC-microbead scaffold possessed a strain-at-failure of 10.7%, much higher than the traditional CPC's strain of 0.05% which is typical for brittle bioceramics. Flexural strength of non-rigid CPC-microbead was 4-fold that of rigid CPC-microbead scaffold, while work-of-fracture (toughness) was increased by 20-fold. The strength of non-rigid CPC-microbead-fibre scaffold matched that of cancellous bone. hUCMSCs on non-rigid CPC proliferated from 100 cells/mm(2) at 1day to 600 cells/mm(2) at 8days. Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and collagen gene expressions of hUCMSCs were greatly increased, and the cells synthesized bone minerals. hUCMSCs on non-rigid CPC-microbead-fibre constructs had higher bone markers and more mineralization than those on rigid CPC controls. In conclusion, this study developed the first non-rigid, in situ-setting calcium phosphate-microbead-fibre scaffold with a strain-at-failure exceeding 10%. hUCMSCs showed excellent proliferation, osteodifferentiation and mineralization on non-rigid CPC scaffold. The novel non-rigid CPC-hUCMSC construct with good strength, high strain-at-failure and toughness, as well as superior stem cell proliferation, osteodifferentiation and mineralization, is promising for load-bearing bone regeneration applications. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [TheinHan, Wahwah; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Simon, Carl G.] NIST, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, 650 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01 DE14190, R01 DE17974]; Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund [2008-MSCRFE-0109-00]; University of Maryland Dental School; United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX We thank Dr L. C. Chow and Dr S. Takagi at the Paffenbarger Research Center and Dr Liang Zhao at the University of Maryland Dental School for discussions and help. This study was supported by the NIH (Grant Nos R01 DE14190 and R01 DE17974, to H.X.), the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (Grant No. 2008-MSCRFE-0109-00, to H.X.), the University of Maryland Dental School and the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 55 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-6254 J9 J TISSUE ENG REGEN M JI J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 7 IS 10 BP 777 EP 787 DI 10.1002/term.1466 PG 11 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 232CJ UT WOS:000325466300003 PM 22451091 ER PT J AU Staley, DM Kean, JW Cannon, SH Schmidt, KM Laber, JL AF Staley, Dennis M. Kean, Jason W. Cannon, Susan H. Schmidt, Kevin M. Laber, Jayme L. TI Objective definition of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the initiation of post-fire debris flows in southern California SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE Debris flow; Wildfire; Rainfall; Thresholds; Warning system ID RECENTLY BURNED AREAS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; WARNING SYSTEM; DOLOMITES; MODEL; WASHINGTON; ACCURACY; VELOCITY; COLORADO AB Rainfall intensity-duration (ID) thresholds are commonly used to predict the temporal occurrence of debris flows and shallow landslides. Typically, thresholds are subjectively defined as the upper limit of peak rainstorm intensities that do not produce debris flows and landslides, or as the lower limit of peak rainstorm intensities that initiate debris flows and landslides. In addition, peak rainstorm intensities are often used to define thresholds, as data regarding the precise timing of debris flows and associated rainfall intensities are usually not available, and rainfall characteristics are often estimated from distant gauging locations. Here, we attempt to improve the performance of existing threshold-based predictions of post-fire debris-flow occurrence by utilizing data on the precise timing of debris flows relative to rainfall intensity, and develop an objective method to define the threshold intensities. We objectively defined the thresholds by maximizing the number of correct predictions of debris flow occurrence while minimizing the rate of both Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. We identified that (1) there were statistically significant differences between peak storm and triggering intensities, (2) the objectively defined threshold model presents a better balance between predictive success, false alarms and failed alarms than previous subjectively defined thresholds, (3) thresholds based on measurements of rainfall intensity over shorter duration (a parts per thousand currency sign60 min) are better predictors of post-fire debris-flow initiation than longer duration thresholds, and (4) the objectively defined thresholds were exceeded prior to the recorded time of debris flow at frequencies similar to or better than subjective thresholds. Our findings highlight the need to better constrain the timing and processes of initiation of landslides and debris flows for future threshold studies. In addition, the methods used to define rainfall thresholds in this study represent a computationally simple means of deriving critical values for other studies of nonlinear phenomena characterized by thresholds. C1 [Staley, Dennis M.; Kean, Jason W.; Cannon, Susan H.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schmidt, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Laber, Jayme L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Oxnard, CA USA. RP Staley, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046MS966 DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM dstaley@usgs.gov OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369 FU U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program; U.S. Geological Survey Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project FX This research was made possible with funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Program and Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project. The authors are grateful for field assistance from Joseph Gartner (USGS), Maiana Hanshaw (USGS), and Robert Leeper (USGS), rainfall data provided by Pete Wohlgemuth (U.S. Forest Service), and data processing byMatthew Hansen (University of Colorado-Denver). Jonathan Godt, Rex Baum, and two anonymous reviewers have provided comments and suggested revisions which have greatly improved this paper. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD OCT PY 2013 VL 10 IS 5 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s10346-012-0341-9 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 227LY UT WOS:000325115700002 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Otkin, JA Stensrud, DJ Knopfmeier, K AF Jones, Thomas A. Otkin, Jason A. Stensrud, David J. Knopfmeier, Kent TI Assimilation of Satellite Infrared Radiances and Doppler Radar Observations during a Cool Season Observing System Simulation Experiment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations; Data assimilation; Ensembles; Model evaluation; performance ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PART II; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; 4D-VAR; IMPACT; ECMWF AB An observing system simulation experiment is used to examine the impact of assimilating water vapor-sensitive satellite infrared brightness temperatures and Doppler radar reflectivity and radial velocity observations on the analysis accuracy of a cool season extratropical cyclone. Assimilation experiments are performed for four different combinations of satellite, radar, and conventional observations using an ensemble Kalman filter assimilation system. Comparison with the high-resolution truth simulation indicates that the joint assimilation of satellite and radar observations reduces errors in cloud properties compared to the case in which only conventional observations are assimilated. The satellite observations provide the most impact in the mid- to upper troposphere, whereas the radar data also improve the cloud analysis near the surface and aloft as a result of their greater vertical resolution and larger overall sample size. Errors in the wind field are also significantly reduced when radar radial velocity observations were assimilated. Overall, assimilating both satellite and radar data creates the most accurate model analysis, which indicates that both observation types provide independent and complimentary information and illustrates the potential for these datasets for improving mesoscale model analyses and ensuing forecasts. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.; Stensrud, David J.; Knopfmeier, Kent] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Otkin, Jason A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM thomas.jones@noaa.gov RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NES4400013]; NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA10NES4400013. Additional support was provided by the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). The assimilation experiments were performed using the NESDIS "S4" supercomputer located at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the "ranger" supercomputer located at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Ranger is part of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) network that is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCI-1053575. We would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided comments that improved the overall quality of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3273 EP 3299 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00267.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800002 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Mansell, ER Wicker, LJ Wheatley, DM Stensrud, DJ AF Yussouf, Nusrat Mansell, Edward R. Wicker, Louis J. Wheatley, Dustan M. Stensrud, David J. TI The Ensemble Kalman Filter Analyses and Forecasts of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Tornadic Supercell Storm Using Single- and Double-Moment Microphysics Schemes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Convective storms; Data assimilation; Ensembles; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; MULTIMOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATED SQUALL LINE; WSR-88D RADAR DATA; WARN-ON-FORECAST; LOW-LEVEL WIND; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART II; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CONVECTIVE STORMS AB A combined mesoscale and storm-scale ensemble data-assimilation and prediction system is developed using the Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) and the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) from the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) software package for a short-range ensemble forecast of an 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, tornadic supercell storm. Traditional atmospheric observations are assimilated into a 45-member mesoscale ensemble over a continental U.S. domain starting 3 days prior to the event. A one-way-nested 45-member storm-scale ensemble is initialized centered on the tornadic event at 2100 UTC on the day of the event. Three radar observation assimilation and forecast experiments are conducted at storm scale using a single-moment, a semi-double-moment, and a full double-moment bulk microphysics scheme. Results indicate that the EAKF initializes the supercell storm into the model with good accuracy after a 1-h-long radar observation assimilation window. The ensemble forecasts capture the movement of the main supercell storm that matches reasonably well with radar observations. The reflectivity structure of the supercell storm using a double-moment microphysics scheme appears to compare better to the observations than that using a single-moment scheme. In addition, the ensemble system predicts the probability of a strong low-level vorticity track of the tornadic supercell that correlates well with the observed rotation track. The rapid 3-min update cycle of the storm-scale ensemble from the radar observations seems to enhance the skill of the ensemble and the confidence of an imminent tornado threat. The encouraging results obtained from this study show promise for a short-range probabilistic storm-scale forecast of supercell thunderstorms, which is the main goal of NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast initiative. C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat; Wheatley, Dustan M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat; Mansell, Edward R.; Wicker, Louis J.; Wheatley, Dustan M.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX Kevin Manross provided the quality-controlled and dealiased radar data. The scripts to run the experiments using DART are provided by Glen Romine. The WoF group members at NSSL provided valuable suggestions. The constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Dr. Thomas Jones proofread the manuscript. Local computer assistance is provided by Brett Morrow, Steven Fletcher, Brad Swagowitz, and Karen Cooper. Partial funding for this research was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 74 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3388 EP 3412 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00237.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800009 ER PT J AU Whitaker, JS Kar, SK AF Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Kar, Sajal K. TI Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta Methods for Fast-Slow Wave Problems SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Numerical analysis; modeling; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; TIME-SPLITTING METHODS; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; SCHEMES AB Linear multistage (Runge-Kutta) implicit-explicit (IMEX) time integration schemes for the time integration of fast-wave-slow-wave problems for which the fast wave has low amplitude and need not be accurately simulated are investigated. The authors focus on three-stage, second-order schemes and show that a scheme recently proposed by one of them (Kar) is unstable for purely oscillatory problems. The instability is reduced if the averaging inherent in the implicit part of the scheme is decentered, sacrificing second-order accuracy. Two alternative schemes are proposed with better stability properties for purely oscillatory problems. One of these utilizes a 3-cycle Lorenz scheme for the slow-wave terms and a trapezoidal scheme for the fast-wave terms. The other is a combination of two previously proposed schemes, which is stable for purely oscillatory problems for all fast-wave frequencies when the slow-wave frequency is less than a critical value. The alternative schemes are tested using a global spectral shallow-water model and a version of the NCEP operational global forecast model. The accuracy and stability of the alternative schemes are discussed, along with their computational efficiency. C1 [Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kar, Sajal K.] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Kar, Sajal K.] NWS NCEP Environm Modelling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Whitaker, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.s.whitaker@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3426 EP 3434 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00132.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800011 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Wang, WQ Kumar, A AF Chen, Mingyue Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun TI Lagged Ensembles, Forecast Configuration, and Seasonal Predictions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; Seasonal forecasting ID ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; PREDICTABILITY; SKILL; TELECONNECTIONS; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION; ANOMALIES; SIZE; ENSO AB An analysis of lagged ensemble seasonal forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), is presented. The focus of the analysis is on the construction of lagged ensemble forecasts with increasing lead time (thus allowing use of larger ensemble sizes) and its influence on seasonal prediction skill. Predictions of seasonal means of sea surface temperature (SST), 200-hPa height (z200), precipitation, and 2-m air temperature (T2m) over land are analyzed. Measures of prediction skill include deterministic (anomaly correlation and mean square error) and probabilistic [rank probability skill score (RPSS)]. The results show that for a fixed lead time, and as one would expect, the skill of seasonal forecast improves as the ensemble size increases, while for a fixed ensemble size the forecast skill decreases as the lead time becomes longer. However, when a forecast is based on a lagged ensemble, there exists an optimal lagged ensemble time (OLET) when positive influence of increasing ensemble size and negative influence due to an increasing lead time result in a maximum in seasonal prediction skill. The OLET is shown to depend on the geographical location and variable. For precipitation and T2m, OLET is relatively longer and skill gain is larger than that for SST and tropical z200. OLET is also dependent on the skill measure with RPSS having the longest OLET. Results of this analysis will be useful in providing guidelines on the design and understanding relative merits for different configuration of seasonal prediction systems. C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP W NP5,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mingyue.chen@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3477 EP 3497 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00184.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800015 ER PT J AU Delle Monache, L Eckel, FA Rife, DL Nagarajan, B Searight, K AF Delle Monache, Luca Eckel, F. Anthony Rife, Daran L. Nagarajan, Badrinath Searight, Keith TI Probabilistic Weather Prediction with an Analog Ensemble SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; Forecasting techniques; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Short-range prediction ID KALMAN FILTER; RANK HISTOGRAMS; ECONOMIC VALUE; FORECASTS; SYSTEM; ECMWF; REFORECASTS; SKILL; PERTURBATIONS; CALIBRATION AB This study explores an analog-based method to generate an ensemble [analog ensemble (AnEn)] in which the probability distribution of the future state of the atmosphere is estimated with a set of past observations that correspond to the best analogs of a deterministic numerical weather prediction (NWP). An analog for a given location and forecast lead time is defined as a past prediction, from the same model, that has similar values for selected features of the current model forecast. The AnEn is evaluated for 0-48-h probabilistic predictions of 10-m wind speed and 2-m temperature over the contiguous United States and against observations provided by 550 surface stations, over the 23 April-31 July 2011 period. The AnEn is generated from the Environment Canada (EC) deterministic Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model and a 12-15-month-long training period of forecasts and observations. The skill and value of AnEn predictions are compared with forecasts from a state-of-the-science NWP ensemble system, the 21-member Regional Ensemble Prediction System (REPS). The AnEn exhibits high statistical consistency and reliability and the ability to capture the flow-dependent behavior of errors, and it has equal or superior skill and value compared to forecasts generated via logistic regression (LR) applied to both the deterministic GEM (as in AnEn) and REPS [ensemble model output statistics (EMOS)]. The real-time computational cost of AnEn and LR is lower than EMOS. C1 [Delle Monache, Luca; Nagarajan, Badrinath; Searight, Keith] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Eckel, F. Anthony] Natl Weather Serv Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rife, Daran L.] GL Garrad Hassan, San Diego, CA USA. RP Delle Monache, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lucadm@ucar.edu FU U.S. National Weather Service; U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command through an interagency agreement with the National Science Foundation FX This work was made possible by support from the U.S. National Weather Service, the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command through an interagency agreement with the National Science Foundation. We are grateful to Martin Charron and Ronald Frenette (Environment Canada) for providing the REPS and GEM data, without which the presented analysis could not have been possible. This paper has been improved by thorough and insightful revisions provided by three anonymous reviewers, and the valuable comments and suggestions of Eric Grimit (3TIER); Sue Ellen Haupt, Tara Jensen, and Daniel Steinhoff (NCAR); Cliff Mass (University of Washington); and Thomas Nipen (University of British Columbia). NR 69 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3498 EP 3516 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00281.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800016 ER PT J AU Landsea, CW Franklin, JL AF Landsea, Christopher W. Franklin, James L. TI Atlantic Hurricane Database Uncertainty and Presentation of a New Database Format SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; Hurricanes; Hurricanes; typhoons; Databases; Error analysis ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; OPERATIONAL USE; REANALYSIS; IMPROVEMENT; BASIN AB Best tracks are National Hurricane Center (NHC) poststorm analyses of the intensity, central pressure, position, and size of Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basin tropical and subtropical cyclones. This paper estimates the uncertainty (average error) for Atlantic basin best track parameters through a survey of the NHC Hurricane Specialists who maintain and update the Atlantic hurricane database. A comparison is then made with a survey conducted over a decade ago to qualitatively assess changes in the uncertainties. Finally, the implications of the uncertainty estimates for NHC analysis and forecast products as well as for the prediction goals of the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program are discussed. C1 [Landsea, Christopher W.; Franklin, James L.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Landsea, CW (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM chris.landsea@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors thank the former and current NHC Hurricane Specialists that contributed their uncertainty estimates to this study: Lixion Avila, Robbie Berg, Jack Beven, Eric Blake, Mike Brennan, Dan Brown, John Cangialosi, Jerry Jarrell, Todd Kimberlain, Miles Lawrence, Max Mayfield, Richard Pasch, Ed Rappaport, and Stacy Stewart. Thanks also go out to Richard Pasch for his extensive review of an earlier version of this paper. The paper was improved by thorough and thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. This work was partially supported by funding through the NOAA Climate Program Office for the project "Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Database Reanalysis and Impact of Incomplete Sampling." NR 45 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3576 EP 3592 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800020 ER PT J AU Marin, JC Pozo, D Mlawer, E Turner, DD Cure, M AF Marin, Julio C. Pozo, Diana Mlawer, Eli Turner, David D. Cure, Michel TI Dynamics of Local Circulations in Mountainous Terrain during the RHUBC-II Project SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Topographic effects; Mesoscale forecasting; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Model evaluation; performance ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; SEMIDIURNAL TIDES; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; VALIDATION; AMERICA; CLIMATE AB The Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign (RHUBC-II) project was held from August to October 2009 in the Atacama Desert in Chile at 5320-m altitude. Observations from this experiment and a high-resolution numerical simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) were used to understand the structure and evolution of the atmosphere over a region with complex terrain and extremely dry environmental conditions. The mechanisms driving the local circulations during synoptically unperturbed conditions at the field site were studied. The study suggests that the field site is mainly affected by a mountain-scale and a plateau-scale thermally driven circulation. The latter seems to dominate. The advection of warm air by downslope flows from higher heights during nighttime may be the mechanism that counteracts the longwave radiative cooling at the surface, causing a small decrease of near-surface temperature during the night. WRF represents the near-surface and upper atmosphere reasonably well above the RHUBC-II site. Important orographic features are misrepresented in the model terrain, which may cause the observed differences in near-surface winds. The zonal pressure gradient between both sides of the mountain and the static stability of the air mass on the windward side of the terrain control the local circulations over the field site. Consequently, a misrepresentation of these mechanisms in the model may cause differences between the simulated winds and observations. C1 [Marin, Julio C.; Pozo, Diana] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Meteorol, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile. [Mlawer, Eli] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cure, Michel] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Fis & Astron, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile. RP Marin, JC (reprint author), Univ Valparaiso, Dept Meteorol, Av Gran Bretana 644, Valparaiso 2340000, Chile. EM julio.marin@meteo.uv.cl FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64167]; Atmospheric System Research program; ALMA-CONICYT [31070020, 31110005] FX The RHUBC-II campaign was organized as part of the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, which is sponsored by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy by Grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the Atmospheric System Research program. This research was supported by ALMA-CONICYT Projects 31070020 and 31110005. The CFSR reanalysis is from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments during the review process that largely improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3641 EP 3656 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00245.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800024 ER PT J AU Swales, DJ Young, GS Sikora, TD Winstead, NS Shirer, HN AF Swales, Dustin J. Young, George S. Sikora, Todd D. Winstead, Nathaniel S. Shirer, Hampton N. TI Synthetic aperture radar remote sensing of shear-driven atmospheric internal gravity waves in the vicinity of a warm front (vol 140, pg 1872, 2012) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 [Swales, Dustin J.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Swales, Dustin J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, George S.; Shirer, Hampton N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sikora, Todd D.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Earth Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Winstead, Nathaniel S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Young, GS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM g3y@psu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 141 IS 10 BP 3657 EP 3657 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00146.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223UM UT WOS:000324836800025 ER PT J AU Feldman, A Ahrenkiel, R Lehman, J AF Feldman, Ari Ahrenkiel, Richard Lehman, John TI Degradation of photovoltaic devices at high concentration by space charge limited currents SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Ambipolar mobility; Mobility; Photoconductive decay; RCPCD; Silicon; Solar cells ID SURFACE RECOMBINATION VELOCITIES; SILICON; PLASMA; SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERFACE AB High-injection mobility reduction is examined by theory, modeling, and experimental data acquired by resonance-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD). The ambipolar mobility is shown to reduce to zero when the constituent injection-dependent carrier mobilities are taken into account. Modeling of the photoconductivity incorporating the transient, injection-dependent, ambipolar mobility confirms experimental reduction in signal at increasing carrier-generation rates. The onset of the reduction of mobility occurs at approximately 10 times the background carrier density; thus devices that utilize lightly doped materials are susceptible to anomalous injection-based behavior. For photovoltaic applications, high-injection device-performance degradation would result from mobility reduction due to reduced diffusion length. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Feldman, Ari; Ahrenkiel, Richard] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Feldman, Ari; Lehman, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Ahrenkiel, Richard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Feldman, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM ari.feldman@nist.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 2013 VL 117 SI SI BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.07.005 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 228LN UT WOS:000325188400063 ER PT J AU Yoon, HP Haney, PM Ruzmetov, D Xu, H Leite, MS Hamadani, BH Talin, AA Zhitenev, NB AF Yoon, Heayoung P. Haney, Paul M. Ruzmetov, Dmitry Xu, Hua Leite, Marina S. Hamadani, Behrang H. Talin, A. Alec Zhitenev, Nikolai B. TI Local electrical characterization of cadmium telluride solar cells using low-energy electron beam SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE EBIC; CdTe; FIB; Grain boundary; Electron beam; Local characterization ID MICROSCOPY AB We investigate local electronic properties of cadmium telluride solar cells using electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurements with patterned contacts. EBIC measurements are performed with a spatial resolution as high as approximate to 20 nm both on the top surface and throughout the cross-section of the device, revealing a remarkable degree of electrical inhomogeneity near the p-n junction and enhanced carrier collection in the vicinity of grain boundaries (GB). Simulation results of low energy EBIC suggest that the band bending near a GB is downward, with a magnitude of at least 0.2 eV for the most effective current-collecting GBs. Furthermore, we demonstrate a new approach to investigate local open-circuit voltage by applying an external bias across electrical contact with a point electron-beam injection. The length scale of the nanocontacts is on the length scale of a single or a few grains, confining current path with highly localized photo-generated carriers. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Heayoung P.; Haney, Paul M.; Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Xu, Hua; Leite, Marina S.; Talin, A. Alec; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamadani, Behrang H.] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Heayoung P.; Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Xu, Hua; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yoon, HP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heayoung.yoon@nist.gov; paul.haney@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors thank Glenn Holland, Alan Band, David Rutter, Steve Blankenship, Joshua Schumacher, and Trevan Landin for helping on sample preparation and instrumentation. Also we thank David Gundlach. and James Basham for light I-V measurements. H. P. Yoon thanks J. Alexander Liddle for valuable discussions on the high resolution imaging of nanostructures. H. P. Yoon., D. Ruzmetov, H. Xu, and M. S. Leite acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 2013 VL 117 SI SI BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.07.024 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 228LN UT WOS:000325188400076 ER PT J AU Calhoun, DM Curran, SS Pulis, EE Provaznik, JM Franks, JS AF Calhoun, Dana M. Curran, Stephen S. Pulis, Eric E. Provaznik, Jennifer M. Franks, James S. TI Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1853 represents a species complex based on ribosomal DNA SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; STOMACH CONTENTS; BIOLOGICAL TAGS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; TREMATODA; DIGENEA; PLATYHELMINTHES; HEMIUROIDEA; PARASITES; PACIFIC AB Digeneans in the genus Hirudinella de Blainville, 1828 (Hirudinellidae) from three species of pelagic fishes, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier), Makaira nigricans Lac,pSde and Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre), and one benthic fish, Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier), from the Gulf of Mexico are investigated using comparison of ribosomal DNA. Four species are identified based on molecular differences: Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1853 from A. solandri, Hirudinella ahi Yamaguti, 1970 from T. albacares, and two unidentified but distinct species of Hirudinella, herein referred to as Hirudinella sp. A (from both M. nigricans and M. martinicus) and Hirudinella sp. B from M. nigricans. Additionally, H. ahi, based tentatively on morphological identification, is reported from Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). This represents the first record of a hirudinellid from M. martinicus and the first record of H. ahi from T. thynnus. A phylogeny of some Hemiurata Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954 using partial fragments of the 28S rDNA sequences is consistent with earlier phylogenies and the position of the Hirudinellidae Dollfus, 1932 is well-supported as a derived group most closely related to the Syncoeliidae Looss, 1899. C1 [Calhoun, Dana M.; Curran, Stephen S.; Pulis, Eric E.; Franks, James S.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Provaznik, Jennifer M.] NOAA, Mississippi Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr SEFSC, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Calhoun, DM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM dana.calhoun@colorado.edu OI Pulis, Eric/0000-0002-1695-7953 FU National Science Foundation [0529684]; RAPID [1055071]; USDC, NOAA [NA08NOS4730322]; Mississippi Department of Marine Resources [S-11-USM-GCRL, M10AF20151] FX We would like to thank Robin M. Overstreet for advice, and Lynnae C. Manuel, Jean Jovonvich Alvillar, and Janet Wright, for their assistance with DNA extractions (all from The University of Southern Mississippi, USM). We are also grateful to: Vasyl V. Tkach (University of North Dakota) for his great efforts in attempting to extract DNA from problematic worms; Kenneth Keene from the Southeast Fisheries Science Center Pelagic Observer Program in Miami, Florida, U.S.A. for facilitating collections; Bobby Carter, director of the Mississippi Gulf Coast Billfish Classic, and participating anglers; Bill Haffner, director of the Mobile Big Game Fishing Club, and participating anglers; Paul Grammer (USM), Sarah Ashworth (USM) and Michael Buchanan (Mississippi Department of Marine Resources) for facilitating collections. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0529684, RAPID 1055071, as well as USDC, NOAA award no. NA08NOS4730322. The work was also supported by Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Sub-Grant S-11-USM-GCRL and USDI/MS DMR MSCIAP MS.R. 798 Award M10AF20151. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 86 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s11230-013-9439-2 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 221FY UT WOS:000324644500008 PM 24048751 ER PT J AU Sheth, K Amis, T Gutierrez-Nolasco, S Sridhar, B Mulfinger, D AF Sheth, Kapil Amis, Thomas Gutierrez-Nolasco, Sebastian Sridhar, Banavar Mulfinger, Daniel TI Development of a Probabilistic Convective Weather Forecast Threshold Parameter for Flight-Routing Decisions SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Aircraft observations; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Transportation meteorology AB This paper presents a method for determining a threshold value of probabilistic convective weather forecast data. By synchronizing air traffic data and an experimental probabilistic convective weather forecast product, it was observed that aircraft avoid areas of specific forecasted probability. Both intensity and echo top of the forecasted weather were synchronized with air traffic data to derive the probability threshold parameter. This value can be used by dispatchers for flight planning and by air traffic managers to reroute streams of aircraft around convective cells. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a method to compute the probability threshold parameters using a specific experimental probabilistic convective forecast product providing hourly guidance up to 6 h. Air traffic and weather data for a 4-month period during the summer of 2007 were used to compute the parameters for the continental United States. The results are shown for different altitudes, times of day, aircraft types, and airspace users. Threshold values for each of the 20 Air Route Traffic Control Centers were also computed. Additional details are presented for seven high-altitude sectors in the Fort Worth, Texas, center. For the analysis reported here, flight intent was not considered and no assessment of flight deviation was conducted since only aircraft tracks were used. C1 [Sheth, Kapil; Sridhar, Banavar; Mulfinger, Daniel] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Amis, Thomas] Natl Weather Serv, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Gutierrez-Nolasco, Sebastian] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Sheth, K (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 210-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM kapil.sheth@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1187 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00052.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229MQ UT WOS:000325270500006 ER PT J AU Brotzge, JA Nelson, SE Thompson, RL Smith, BT AF Brotzge, Jerald A. Nelson, Steven E. Thompson, Richard L. Smith, Bryan T. TI Tornado Probability of Detection and Lead Time as a Function of Convective Mode and Environmental Parameters SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Mesocyclones; Tornadoes; Storm environments; Radars; Radar observations; Mesoscale forecasting; Operational forecasting ID SIGNIFICANT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS; SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; WARNINGS; CLASSIFICATION; CLIMATOLOGY; CYCLE AB The ability to provide advanced warning on tornadoes can be impacted by variations in storm mode. This research evaluates 2 yr of National Weather Service (NWS) tornado warnings, verification reports, and radar-derived convective modes to appraise the ability of the NWS to warn across a variety of convective modes and environmental conditions. Several specific hypotheses are considered: (i) supercell morphologies are the easiest convective modes to warn for tornadoes and yield the greatest lead times, while tornadoes from more linear, nonsupercell convective modes, such as quasi-linear convective systems, are more difficult to warn for; (ii) parameters such as tornado distance from radar, population density, and tornado intensity (F scale) introduce significant and complex variability into warning statistics as a function of storm mode; and (iii) tornadoes from stronger storms, as measured by their mesocyclone strength (when present), convective available potential energy (CAPE), vertical wind shear, and significant tornado parameter (STP) are easier to warn for than tornadoes from weaker systems. Results confirmed these hypotheses. Supercell morphologies caused 97% of tornado fatalities, 96% of injuries, and 92% of damage during the study period. Tornado warnings for supercells had a statistically higher probability of detection (POD) and lead time than tornado warnings for nonsupercells; among supercell storms, tornadoes from supercells in lines were slightly more difficult to warn for than tornadoes from discrete or clusters of supercells. F-scale intensity and distance from radar had some impact on POD, with less impact on lead times. Higher mesocyclone strength (when applicable), CAPE, wind shear, and STP values were associated with greater tornado POD and lead times. C1 [Brotzge, Jerald A.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Nelson, Steven E.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Peachtree City, GA USA. [Thompson, Richard L.; Smith, Bryan T.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, SPC, Norman, OK USA. RP Brotzge, JA (reprint author), Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2500, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jbrotzge@ou.edu FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award [0313747] FX The authors thank Dr. Matthew Bunkers and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive input. This work is supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award 0313747. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1276 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00119.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229MQ UT WOS:000325270500011 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Gorka, DE AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Gorka, Danielle E. TI Refining the statistical model for quantitative immunostaining of surface-functionalized nanoparticles by AFM SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Atomic force microscopy; Quantitative immunostaining; Functionalized AuNPs ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MICROSCOPY; NANOTECHNOLOGY; THERAPEUTICS; ANTIBODIES; AGENTS AB Recently, an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based approach for quantifying the number of biological molecules conjugated to a nanoparticle surface at low number densities was reported. The number of target molecules conjugated to the analyte nanoparticle can be determined with single nanoparticle fidelity using antibody-mediated self-assembly to decorate the analyte nanoparticles with probe nanoparticles (i.e., quantitative immunostaining). This work refines the statistical models used to quantitatively interpret the observations when AFM is used to image the resulting structures. The refinements add terms to the previous statistical models to account for the physical sizes of the analyte nanoparticles, conjugated molecules, antibodies, and probe nanoparticles. Thus, a more physically realistic statistical computation can be implemented for a given sample of known qualitative composition, using the software scripts provided. Example AFM data sets, using horseradish peroxidase conjugated to gold nanoparticles, are presented to illustrate how to implement this method successfully. C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Gorka, Danielle E.] NIST, Mat Measurements Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCuspie, RI (reprint author), Florida Polytech Univ, Nanotechnol & Multifunct Mat Program, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. EM rmaccuspie@floridapolytechnic.org OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 405 IS 25 BP 8197 EP 8206 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7233-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 220MD UT WOS:000324587400025 PM 23900671 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Kar, A Wang, CM Chiaramonti, AN AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Kar, Aparna Wang, C. M. Chiaramonti, Ann N. TI Statistical sampling of carbon nanotube populations by thermogravimetric analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermogravimetric analysis; Carbon nanotubes; Statistical significance ID PURIFICATION AB Carbon nanotubes are one of the most promising nanomaterials available with applications in electronics devices, sensing, batteries, composites and medicine. Strict control of the carbon nanotube chemistry and properties is necessary as the applications proceed into more specialized areas. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is one analytical method currently utilized for the characterization of carbon nanotubes. Though TGA can provide quantitative measurements of the composition of a sample, many researchers do not ensure the variance of the sample is properly captured. This research demonstrates for four single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) samples how to statistically evaluate the material with TGA to ensure that the variance within the material is represented. SEM results are used to help reach conclusions about purity of the material by providing a visual means for inspection. This data is used to select the SWCNT material with the lowest variability and highest quality, as evaluated by composition and reproducibility. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Kar, Aparna; Chiaramonti, Ann N.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, C. M.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 405 IS 25 BP 8207 EP 8213 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7221-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 220MD UT WOS:000324587400026 PM 23852081 ER PT J AU Lin, NH Tsay, SC Maring, HB Yen, MC Sheu, GR Wang, SH Chi, KH Chuang, MT Ou-Yang, CF Fu, JS Reid, JS Lee, CT Wang, LC Wang, JL Hsu, CN Sayer, AM Holben, BN Chu, YC Nguyen, XA Sopajaree, K Chen, SJ Cheng, MT Tsuang, BJ Tsai, CJ Peng, CM Schnell, RC Conway, T Chang, CT Lin, KS Tsai, YI Lee, WJ Chang, SC Liu, JJ Chiang, WL Huang, SJ Lin, TH Liu, GR AF Lin, Neng-Huei Tsay, Si-Chee Maring, Hal B. Yen, Ming-Cheng Sheu, Guey-Rong Wang, Sheng-Hsiang Chi, Kai Hsien Chuang, Ming-Tung Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng Fu, Joshua S. Reid, Jeffrey S. Lee, Chung-Te Wang, Lin-Chi Wang, Jia-Lin Hsu, Christina N. Sayer, Andrew M. Holben, Brent N. Chu, Yu-Chi Nguyen, Xuan Anh Sopajaree, Khajornsak Chen, Shui-Jen Cheng, Man-Ting Tsuang, Ben-Jei Tsai, Chuen-Jinn Peng, Chi-Ming Schnell, Russell C. Conway, Tom Chang, Chang-Tang Lin, Kuen-Song Tsai, Ying I. Lee, Wen-Jhy Chang, Shuenn-Chin Liu, Jyh-Jian Chiang, Wei-Li Huang, Shih-Jen Lin, Tang-Huang Liu, Gin-Rong TI An overview of regional experiments on biomass burning aerosols and related pollutants in Southeast Asia: From BASE-ASIA and the Dongsha Experiment to 7-SEAS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Biomass burning; Aerosol; Air toxics; Southeast Asia; 7-SEAS; BASE-ASIA; Dongsha Experiment ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIR-QUALITY; CHINA SEA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; MARITIME CONTINENT; PCDD/F EMISSIONS; RICE STRAW AB By modulating the Earth-atmosphere energy, hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and affecting regional-to-global weather and climate, biomass burning is recognized as one of the major factors affecting the global carbon cycle. However, few comprehensive and wide-ranging experiments have been conducted to characterize biomass-burning pollutants in Southeast Asia (SEA) or assess their regional impact on meteorology, the hydrological cycle, the radiative budget, or climate change. Recently, BASE-ASIA (Biomass-burning Aerosols in South-East Asia: Smoke Impact Assessment) and the 7-SEAS (7-South-East Asian Studies)/Dongsha Experiment were conducted during the spring seasons of 2006 and 2010 in northern SEA, respectively, to characterize the chemical, physical, and radiative properties of biomass-burning emissions near the source regions, and assess their effects. This paper provides an overview of results from these two campaigns and related studies collected in this special issue, entitled "Observation, modeling and impact studies of biomass burning and pollution in the SE Asian Environment". This volume includes 28 papers, which provide a synopsis of the experiments, regional weather/climate, chemical characterization of biomass-burning aerosols and related pollutants in source and sink regions, the spatial distribution of air toxics (atmospheric mercury and dioxins) in source and remote areas, a characterization of aerosol physical, optical, and radiative properties, as well as modeling and impact studies. These studies, taken together, provide the first relatively complete dataset of aerosol chemistry and physical observations conducted in the source/sink region in the northern SEA, with particular emphasis on the marine boundary layer and lower free troposphere (LFT). The data, analysis and modeling included in these papers advance our present knowledge of source characterization of biomass-burning pollutants near the source regions as well as the physical and chemical processes along transport pathways. In addition, we raise key questions to be addressed by a coming deployment during springtime 2013 in northern SEA, named 7-SEAS/BASELInE (Biomass-burning Aerosols & Stratocumulus Environment: Lifecycles and Interactions Experiment). This campaign will include a synergistic approach for further exploring many key atmospheric processes (e.g., complex aerosol-cloud interactions) and impacts of biomass burning on the surface-atmosphere energy budgets during the lifecycles of biomass-burning emissions. (c) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Neng-Huei; Yen, Ming-Cheng; Sheu, Guey-Rong; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Tsay, Si-Chee; Hsu, Christina N.; Sayer, Andrew M.; Holben, Brent N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Maring, Hal B.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, Sheng-Hsiang] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chi, Kai Hsien] Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. [Chuang, Ming-Tung; Lee, Chung-Te] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Environm Engn, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng; Wang, Jia-Lin] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] UTK ORNL, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Grad Educ, Knoxville, TN USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wang, Lin-Chi] Cheng Shiu Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Wang, Lin-Chi] Cheng Shiu Univ, Super Micro Mass Res & Technol Ctr, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [Sayer, Andrew M.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 90034 USA. [Chu, Yu-Chi; Chang, Shuenn-Chin; Liu, Jyh-Jian; Chiang, Wei-Li] Taiwan Environm Protect Adm, Taipei, Taiwan. [Nguyen, Xuan Anh] Vietnam Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Sopajaree, Khajornsak] Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Chen, Shui-Jen] Natl Pingtung Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Nei Pu, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Cheng, Man-Ting; Tsuang, Ben-Jei] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. [Tsai, Chuen-Jinn] Nation Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Environm Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Peng, Chi-Ming] WeatherRisk Explore Inc, Taipei, Taiwan. [Schnell, Russell C.; Conway, Tom] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Chang, Chang-Tang] Natl Ilan Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Yilan, Taiwan. [Lin, Kuen-Song] Yuan Ze Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. [Tsai, Ying I.] Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Environm Resources Management, Tainan, Taiwan. [Tsai, Ying I.] Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Tainan, Taiwan. [Lee, Wen-Jhy] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Huang, Shih-Jen] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Marine Environm Informat, Keelung, Taiwan. [Lin, Tang-Huang; Liu, Gin-Rong] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Lin, NH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Wang, Lin-Chi/A-1397-2012; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/F-4532-2010; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/R-2271-2016; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Wang, Lin-Chi/0000-0002-5126-1046; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/0000-0001-9675-3135; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/0000-0002-8477-3013; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789 NR 128 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 112 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 78 SI SI BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.066 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220RW UT WOS:000324605600001 ER PT J AU Tsay, SC Hsu, NC Lau, WKM Li, C Gabriel, PM Ji, Q Holben, BN Welton, EJ Nguyen, AX Janjai, S Lin, NH Reid, JS Boonjawat, J Howell, SG Huebert, BJ Fu, JS Hansen, RA Sayer, AM Gautam, R Wang, SH Goodloe, CS Miko, LR Shu, PK Loftus, AM Huang, J Kim, JY Jeong, MJ Pantina, P AF Tsay, Si-Chee Hsu, N. Christina Lau, William K. -M. Li, Can Gabriel, Philip M. Ji, Qiang Holben, Brent N. Welton, E. Judd Nguyen, Anh X. Janjai, Serm Lin, Neng-Huei Reid, Jeffrey S. Boonjawat, Jariya Howell, Steven G. Huebert, Barry J. Fu, Joshua S. Hansen, Richard A. Sayer, Andrew M. Gautam, Ritesh Wang, Sheng-Hsiang Goodloe, Colby S. Miko, Laddawan R. Shu, Peter K. Loftus, Adrian M. Huang, Jingfeng Kim, Jin Young Jeong, Myeong-Jae Pantina, Peter TI From BASE-ASIA toward 7-SEAS: A satellite-surface perspective of boreal spring biomass-burning aerosols and clouds in Southeast Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass-burning; Aerosol; Cloud; Southeast Asia; BASE-ASIA; 7-SEAS ID ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; FIRE EMISSIONS; SMOKE AEROSOLS; PART II; IMPACT; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS AB In this paper, we present recent field studies conducted by NASA's SMART-COMMIT (and ACHIEVE, to be operated in 2013) mobile laboratories, jointly with distributed ground-based networks (e.g., AERONET, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/ and MPLNET, http://mplnet.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and other contributing instruments over northern Southeast Asia. These three mobile laboratories, collectively called SMARTLabs (cf. http://smartlabs.gsfc.nasa.gov/, Surface-based Mobile Atmospheric Research & Testbed Laboratories) comprise a suite of surface remote sensing and in-situ instruments that are pivotal in providing high spectral and temporal measurements, complementing the collocated spatial observations from various Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. A satellite-surface perspective and scientific findings, drawn from the BASE-ASIA (2006) field deployment as well as a series of ongoing 7-SEAS (2010-13) field activities over northern Southeast Asia are summarized, concerning (i) regional properties of aerosols from satellite and in-situ measurements, (ii) cloud properties from remote sensing and surface observations, (iii) vertical distribution of aerosols and clouds, and (iv) regional aerosol radiative effects and impact assessment. The aerosol burden over Southeast Asia in boreal spring, attributed to biomass burning, exhibits highly consistent spatial and temporal distribution patterns, with major variability arising from changes in the magnitude of the aerosol loading mediated by processes ranging from large-scale climate factors to diurnal meteorological events. Downwind from the source regions, the tightly coupled-aerosol cloud system provides a unique, natural laboratory for further exploring the micro- and macro-scale relationships of the complex interactions. The climatic significance is presented through large-scale anti-correlations between aerosol and precipitation anomalies, showing spatial and seasonal variability, but their precise cause-and-effect relationships remain an open-ended question. To facilitate an improved understanding of the regional aerosol radiative effects, which continue to be one of the largest uncertainties in climate forcing, a joint international effort is required and anticipated to commence in springtime 2013 in northern Southeast Asia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tsay, Si-Chee; Hsu, N. Christina; Lau, William K. -M.; Li, Can; Ji, Qiang; Holben, Brent N.; Welton, E. Judd; Hansen, Richard A.; Sayer, Andrew M.; Gautam, Ritesh; Goodloe, Colby S.; Miko, Laddawan R.; Shu, Peter K.; Pantina, Peter] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Li, Can; Ji, Qiang; Hansen, Richard A.; Huang, Jingfeng] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gabriel, Philip M.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nguyen, Anh X.] Vietnam Acad Sci & Technol, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Janjai, Serm] Silpakom Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. [Lin, Neng-Huei; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang] Natl Cent Univ, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Boonjawat, Jariya] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Howell, Steven G.; Huebert, Barry J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Sayer, Andrew M.; Gautam, Ritesh] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 90034 USA. [Loftus, Adrian M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huang, Jingfeng] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Kim, Jin Young] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. [Jeong, Myeong-Jae] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Gaungneung, Gangwondo, South Korea. [Pantina, Peter] Sci Syst & Applications Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Tsay, SC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM si-chee.tsay@nasa.gov RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Li, Can/F-6867-2011; Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Loftus, Adrian/J-1148-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Lau, William /E-1510-2012; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/F-4532-2010; Gautam, Ritesh/E-9776-2010; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/0000-0001-9675-3135; Gautam, Ritesh/0000-0002-2177-9346; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789 FU NASA Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) project, "Effects of biomass burning on Asian Monsoon water cycle and climate" FX The lead author thanks the continuous support of SMARTLabs deployments in Southeast Asia, as part of NASA Radiation Sciences Program managed by Dr. Hal B. Maring. Deployment of 7-SEAS/Son La IOP and data analysis are funded by NASA Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) project, "Effects of biomass burning on Asian Monsoon water cycle and climate." We thank the NASA/EOS science teams of TOMS/OMI/SeaWiFS/MODIS/CALIPSO and AERONET/MPLNET for providing satellite and network data, respectively. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the team efforts led by J. Boonjawat (Southeast Asia START Regional Center at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand) and K. Bhuranapanon (Head of Phimai observatory and radar station, Bureau of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation, Thailand) for supporting BASE-ASIA deployment, and by Anh X. Nguyen (Institute of Geophysics at Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam), S. Janjai (Department of Physics at Silpakorn University, Thailand), and N.-H. Lin (Department of Atmospheric Sciences at National Central University, Taiwan) in supporting 7-SEAS IOPs (2010-2012) over northern Southeast Asia. NR 84 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 78 SI SI BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220RW UT WOS:000324605600002 ER PT J AU Cheng, FY Yang, ZM Ou-Yang, CF Ngan, F AF Cheng, Fang-Yi Yang, Zhih-Min Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng Ngan, Fong TI A numerical study of the dependence of long-range transport of CO to a mountain station in Taiwan on synoptic weather patterns during the Southeast Asia biomass-burning season SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Weather classification; Synoptic weather pattern; Biomass-burning; Carbon monoxide; Transport mechanism ID MODEL; SYSTEM; OZONE AB This study is conducted to identify the synoptic weather patterns that are prone to cause high carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations observed at a mountain site, Lulin atmospheric background station (LABS), in Taiwan due to the biomass-burning activity in Southeast (SE) Asia. LABS is recognized as a clean background station. The study period targets the biomass-burning season (February to May) from 2007 to 2010. The synoptic weather patterns were classified using a two-stage clustering method with inputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model simulation result in a 27-km spatial grid. A 9-km resolution WRF modeling was performed additionally for 13 to 26 March 2007, when a high CO concentration reaching 500 ppb was observed at LABS. The simulation result indicates that not only the existence of the thermal forcing induced low pressure system formed in Indochina, but also the presence of the high terrain located in the northern part of SE Asia that further forced the uplift of the biomass-burning emissions. On the other hand, when the northeasterly monsoonal flow is strong enough and intruding into Indochina, this would hinder the development of the thermal low and weaken the upward movements, in turn preventing the transport of biomass-burning emissions from Indochina to the area of Taiwan. The simulation results also demonstrate that the location of the SE Asia high pressure system has a moderate effect on the particle dispersion path in the upper level. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Fang-Yi; Yang, Zhih-Min] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Tao Yuan County, Taiwan. [Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 32054, Tao Yuan County, Taiwan. [Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cheng, FY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 300 Chun Da Rd, Chungli 32054, Tao Yuan County, Taiwan. EM bonniecheng18@gmail.com RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/R-2271-2016 OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng/0000-0002-8477-3013 FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC-100-2111-M-008-001] FX This study was conducted under the research project entitled "Study the effect of boundary layer meteorology on the biomass burning air pollutant in East Asia and Taiwan area" supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, NSC-100-2111-M-008-001. The authors acknowledge Dr. Neng-Huei Lin as the principal investigator of the LABS project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 78 SI SI BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.020 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220RW UT WOS:000324605600027 ER PT J AU Milford, C Castell, N Marrero, C Rodriguez, S de la Campa, AMS Fernandez-Camacho, R de la Rosa, J Stein, AF AF Milford, C. Castell, N. Marrero, C. Rodriguez, S. Sanchez de la Campa, A. M. Fernandez-Camacho, R. de la Rosa, J. Stein, A. F. TI Measurements and simulation of speciated PM2.5 in south-west Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5 chemical speciation; Air quality; CAMx; Model evaluation ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; SECONDARY INORGANIC AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; SPAIN; PM10; PERFORMANCE; POLLUTION; ORIGIN AB Chemically speciated concentrations of PM2.5 (sulphate, ammonium, nitrate, elemental and organic carbon) were simulated in south-west Europe using the three-dimensional air quality model CAMx driven by the MM5 meteorological model. The inner domain covered the south-west region of Spain with a high spatial (2 km x 2 km) and temporal resolution (1 h). The simulation results were evaluated against experimental data obtained in four intensive field campaigns performed in 2008 and 2009 at urban and rural sites. PM2.5 measurements of secondary inorganic compounds and carbonaceous aerosol plus a suite of major and trace elements were determined. High time resolution (10 mm) measurements of Black Carbon (BC) were also conducted. The model captured the variability in the ammonium concentrations in both summer and winter periods, although it tended to underestimate the magnitude of concentrations, while for sulphate the performance was better during the summer periods. Particulate ammonium nitrate was only simulated in significant concentrations in the wintertime campaign. This was found to be consistent with the measured composition of PM2.5 where most of nitrate (79-94%) and a significant fraction of sulphate (24-37%) were estimated to be present as non-ammonium salts. These non-ammonium nitrate salts were attributed to the formation of NaNO3. The model PM2.5 primary elemental carbon simulations, evaluated with hourly resolution, captured the diurnal and seasonal variability of PM2.5 BC concentrations at the urban site while poorer performance was observed at the rural site. A large underestimation was observed for simulated PM2.5 organic carbon concentrations during all campaigns. Scenarios of pollution events linked to emissions from south-west Spain, shipping and contributions from more distant emission sources such as Portugal were identified. These results highlight how the distinct features of PM2.5 composition in southern Europe regions, such as the large contribution of non-ammonium salts, need to be taken into account both in model evaluation and in future implementation of aerosol modelling systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Milford, C.; Rodriguez, S.; Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; Fernandez-Camacho, R.; de la Rosa, J.] Univ Huelva, Joint Res Unit CSIC Atmospher Pollut, Ctr Res Sustainable Chem, CIQSO, Huelva, Spain. [Milford, C.; Marrero, C.; Rodriguez, S.] Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, AEMET, Joint Res Unit CSIC Studies Atmospher Pollut, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. [Castell, N.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Stein, A. F.] NOAA, Earth Resources & Technol Assignment Air Resource, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Milford, C (reprint author), Univ Huelva, Joint Res Unit CSIC Atmospher Pollut, Ctr Res Sustainable Chem, CIQSO, Huelva, Spain. EM cmilford@aemet.es RI Rodriguez, Sergio/J-5365-2015; Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/L-4456-2014; Fernandez Camacho, Rocio/L-4567-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Milford, Celia/L-9351-2015; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011 OI Rodriguez, Sergio/0000-0002-1727-3107; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-1917-0280; Fernandez Camacho, Rocio/0000-0002-3666-1068; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754 FU Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Government of Andalusia through the research project AER-REG [P07-RNM-03125]; Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Government of Andalusia through the research project SIMAND [P07-RNM-02729]; Department of Environment, Andalusian Regional Government [199/2011/C/00]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project POLLINDUST [CGL2011-26259] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Government of Andalusia through the research projects AER-REG (P07-RNM-03125) and SIMAND (P07-RNM-02729) and from the Department of Environment, Andalusian Regional Government (project: 199/2011/C/00). In addition, we thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding through the project POLLINDUST (CGL2011-26259). We would also like to thank Dr. U. Dragosits for her assistance in spatially disaggregating the ammonia emissions, the Government of Andalusia for providing data from their Air Quality Network and from their Atmospheric Emissions Inventory and AEMET for providing meteorological data. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 77 BP 36 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.050 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YN UT WOS:000324848500005 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Zhou, LX Conway, TJ Tans, PP Wang, YZ AF Zhang, Fang Zhou, Lingxi Conway, Thomas J. Tans, Pieter P. Wang, Yuzhao TI Short-term variations of atmospheric CO2 and dominant causes in summer and winter: Analysis of 14-year continuous observational data at Waliguan, China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide (CO2); Diurnal cycle; Surface winds; Correlation of CO2 and carbon monoxide (CO); Waliguan ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT MODELS; MOUNT-WALIGUAN; MONOXIDE; SINKS; EMISSIONS; EUROPE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; SITE AB Using a 14-year revised dataset of atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios continuously measured at Mount Waliguan Baseline Observatory of western China during 1995-2008, the short-term variations of ambient CO2 and the dominant causes were studied. A comparison and evaluation of the revised and original data is included. Ambient CO2 in summer was usually elevated during nighttime and declined in daytime with peak-to-peak diurnal amplitude of 2.4 +/- 0.3 ppm (year-to-year fluctuations). In winter, there was often a small increase during daytime with amplitude of 0.8 +/- 0.2 ppm. Analysis of the local horizontal winds shows that the diurnal cycles of ambient CO2 are the combined result of changes of nearby sources/sinks and local meteorological circulation. Only in winter do we find a statistically increase trends of 0.03 ppm yr(-1) for CO2 diurnal peak-to-peak amplitudes, reflecting local changes in sources and sinks of CO2 during 1995-2008 under relatively consistent meteorological conditions. In summer, atmospheric CO2 were depleted when prevailing winds came from the populated northeastern regions due to the enhanced vegetation photosynthesis which will result in low CO2; on the contrary to summer, elevated CO2 were closely associated with air parcels from populated north/northeastern or northwestern regions in winter, when the terrestrial exchanges become weak and anthropogenic emissions dominate ambient CO2, Delta CO2 and Delta CO showed significant positive correlation (r > 0.9, p < 0.01) in winter, reflecting common sources under certain synoptic meteorological conditions. But they didn't exhibit any correlation in summer. The intercepts for the linear fit of Delta CO2 and Delta CO were close to zero in winter, indicating less influence from non-CO related CO2 sources or sinks (e.g. respiration and photosynthesis), whereas the intercepts in summer were much more negative (as low as -3.7 ppm in July), reflecting enhanced biospheric CO2 uptake. The ratio of Delta CO2/Delta CO was 25-35 ppm ppm(-1) in winter, which is approximately 30%-42% higher than that observed in Beijing and derived from emission inventories, reflecting less impact from human activities due to the remote location of Waliguan. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Fang; Wang, Yuzhao] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Lingxi] CMA, CAMS, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Conway, Thomas J.; Tans, Pieter P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhou, LX (reprint author), CMA, CAMS, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhoulx@cams.cma.gov.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175116]; National Basic Research Program of China "973" [2010CB950601, 2013CB955801]; International S&T Cooperation Program of MOST [2011DFA21090]; CAMS FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175116), National Basic Research Program of China "973" (Grant Nos. 2010CB950601, 2013CB955801) and International S&T Cooperation Program of MOST (Grant No. 2011DFA21090). Data used are supplied by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Major contents of the paper are based on F. Zhang's PhD program and research contract from 2006 to 2011 during her study in CAMS. We thank the staff of Waliguan Station for their efforts in maintaining the long-term measurements. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 77 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.067 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YN UT WOS:000324848500013 ER PT J AU Huang, JP Zhou, CH Lee, XH Bao, YX Zhao, XY Fung, J Richter, A Liu, X Zheng, YQ AF Huang, Jianping Zhou, Chenhong Lee, Xuhui Bao, Yunxuan Zhao, Xiaoyan Fung, Jimmy Richter, Andreas Liu, Xiong Zheng, Yiqi TI The effects of rapid urbanization on the levels in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and ozone over East China SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen dioxide; Ozone; Satellite retrieval; Seasonal change; Troposphere; Urbanization ID AIR-QUALITY; OBJECTIVES AB Over the past few decades, China has experienced a rapid increase in urbanization. The urban built-up areas (population) in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou increased by 197% (87%), 148% (65%), and 273% (25%), respectively, from 1996 to 2011. We use satellite retrieval data to quantify the effects of rapid urbanization on the yearly and seasonal changes in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over East China. The results show that rapid urbanization has a profound effect on tropospheric columns of NO2. During 1996-2011, the tropospheric columns of NO2 over the surrounding areas of Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing increased by 82%, 292%, and 307%, respectively. The tropospheric columns of NO2 reach their maximum in winter and minimum in spring. The anthropogenic emissions related to urbanization are a dominant factor in the long-term changes in the yearly and seasonal mean tropospheric columns of NO2, whereas meteorological conditions such as the prevailing winds and precipitation account for the unique spatial patterns. Around the time of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the tropospheric columns of NO2 over Beijing urban area significantly reduced by 48% in July, 35% in August, and 49% in September, relative to the same monthly averages over 2005-2007. However, this trend was reversed after the Games, and the increased rate was even larger than before. Our results show that the tropospheric NO2 above the three regions increased at rates 1.3-8 times faster than the rates in a recent inventory estimate of NO emissions for 2000-2010. We also discuss the influence of urbanization on tropospheric ozone and find that the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrieval tropospheric column shows that ozone levels are relatively insensitive to urbanization and changes in tropospheric NO2. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Jianping; Zhou, Chenhong; Lee, Xuhui] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Yale NUIST Ctr Atmospher Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jianping] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Lee, Xuhui] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Bao, Yunxuan; Zhao, Xiaoyan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Appl Meteorol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Fung, Jimmy] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Richter, Andreas] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Zheng, Yiqi] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Huang, JP (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Yale NUIST Ctr Atmospher Environm, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM jianping.huang@noaa.gov RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Fung, Jimmy/0000-0002-7859-8511 FU Ministry of Education of China (grant PCSIRT); Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (grant PAPD) FX This research was supported by the Ministry of Education of China (grant PCSIRT) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (grant PAPD). NR 28 TC 13 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 77 BP 558 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223YN UT WOS:000324848500059 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, CI Hurwitz, MM Waugh, DW Butler, AH AF Garfinkel, C. I. Hurwitz, M. M. Waugh, D. W. Butler, A. H. TI Are the teleconnections of Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Nio distinct in boreal wintertime? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Central Pacific ENSO; Teleconnections; Stratospheric dynamics ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEASONAL PREDICTION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; NINO; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; EVENTS AB A meteorological reanalysis dataset and experiments of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model, Version 2 (GEOS V2 CCM) are used to study the boreal winter season teleconnections in the Pacific-North America region and in the stratosphere generated by Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Nio. In the reanalysis data, the sign of the North Pacific and stratospheric response to Central Pacific El Nio is sensitive to the composite size, the specific Central Pacific El Nio index used, and the month or seasonal average that is examined, highlighting the limitations of the short observational record. Long model integrations suggest that the response to the two types of El Nio are similar in both the extratropical troposphere and stratosphere. Namely, both Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Nio lead to a deepened North Pacific low and a weakened polar vortex, and the effects are stronger in late winter than in early winter. However, the long experiments do indicate some differences between the two types of El Nio events regarding the latitude of the North Pacific trough, the early winter polar stratospheric response, surface temperature and precipitation over North America, and globally averaged surface temperature. These differences are generally consistent with, though smaller than, those noted in previous studies. C1 [Garfinkel, C. I.; Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. [Hurwitz, M. M.] Morgan State Univ, NASA Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Hurwitz, M. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Butler, A. H.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Garfinkel, CI (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. EM cig4@jhu.edu RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; garfinkel, chaim/H-6215-2012; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; garfinkel, chaim/0000-0001-7258-666X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 FU NASA [NNX06AE70G]; NASA's ACMAP program FX This work was supported by the NASA grant number NNX06AE70G and NASA's ACMAP program. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 41 IS 7-8 BP 1835 EP 1852 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1570-2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223NJ UT WOS:000324812200008 ER PT J AU Zhu, JS Huang, BH Hu, ZZ Kinter, JL Marx, L AF Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kinter, James L., III Marx, Lawrence TI Predicting US summer precipitation using NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 initialized by multiple ocean analyses SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; GREAT-PLAINS; ENSO; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB This study examines the prediction skill of the contiguous United States (CONUS) precipitation in summer, as well as its potential sources using a set of ensemble hindcasts conducted with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 and initialized from four independent ocean analyses. The multiple ocean ensemble mean (MOCN_ESMEAN) hindcasts start from each April for 26 summers (1982-2007), with each oceanic state paired with four atmosphere-land states. A subset of hindcasts from the NCEP CFS Reanalysis and Reforecast (CFSRR) project for the same period, from the same initial month and with the same total ensemble size, is also analyzed. Compared with CFSRR, MOCN_ESMEAN is distinguished by its oceanic ensemble spread that introduces potentially larger perturbations and better spatial representation of the oceanic uncertainty. The prediction skill of the CONUS precipitation in summer shows a similar spatial pattern in both MOCN_ESMEAN and CFSRR, but the results suggested that initialization from multiple ocean analyses may bring more robust signals and additional skills to the seasonal prediction for both sea surface temperature and precipitation. Among the predictable areas for precipitation, the northwestern CONUS (NWUS) is the most robust. A further analysis shows that the enhanced summer precipitation prediction skill in NWUS is mainly associated with the El Nio/Southern Oscillation, with possible influence also from the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Through this work, we argue that a large ensemble is necessary for precipitation forecast in mid-latitudes, such as the CONUS, and taking into account of the oceanic initial state uncertainty is an efficient way to build such an ensemble. C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III; Marx, Lawrence] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Inst Global Environm & Soc, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Inst Global Environm & Soc, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM jieshun@cola.iges.org RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX Funding for this study is provided by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Shukla for his guidance and support of this project, as well as the constructive comments and suggestions from two reviewers. We thank ECMWF and NCEP for providing their ocean data assimilation analysis datasets, which made this project possible. The authors gratefully acknowledge NCEP for the CFSv2 model made available to COLA. We also acknowledge NCEP's assistance in porting the code to the computing platforms at the NASA Advanced Super-computing (NAS) division. We particularly wish to thank Y. Hou, S. Moorthi and S. Saha for technical assistance and necessary data sets and W. Lapenta and L. Uccellini for enabling the collaborative activities. Computing resources provided by NAS are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 41 IS 7-8 BP 1941 EP 1954 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1785-x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223NJ UT WOS:000324812200014 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Shin, CS van den Dool, H Cai, M AF Zhang, Qin Shin, Chul-Su van den Dool, Huug Cai, Ming TI CFSv2 prediction skill of stratospheric temperature anomalies SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Seasonal prediction; CFSv2 model; Stratosphere dynamics; Wave-mean flow interaction ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; COLD SEASON VARIABILITY; DOWNWARD PROPAGATION; PART I; WEATHER; OSCILLATION; FORECASTS AB This study evaluates the prediction skill of stratospheric temperature anomalies by the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) reforecasts for the 12-year period from January 1, 1999 to December 2010. The goal is to explore if the CFSv2 forecasts for the stratosphere would remain skillful beyond the inherent tropospheric predictability time scale of at most 2 weeks. The anomaly correlation between observations and forecasts for temperature field at 50 hPa (T50) in winter seasons remains above 0.3 over the polar stratosphere out to a lead time of 28 days whereas its counterpart in the troposphere at 500 hPa drops more quickly and falls below the 0.3 level after 12 days. We further show that the CFSv2 has a high prediction skill in the stratosphere both in an absolute sense and in terms of gain over persistence except in the equatorial region where the skill would mainly come from persistence of the quasi-biennial oscillation signal. We present evidence showing that the CFSv2 forecasts can capture both timing and amplitude of wave activities in the extratropical stratosphere at a lead time longer than 30 days. Based on the mass circulation theory, we conjecture that as long as the westward tilting of planetary waves in the stratosphere and their overall amplitude can be captured, the CFSv2 forecasts is still very skillful in predicting zonal mean anomalies even though it cannot predict the exact locations of planetary waves and their spatial scales. This explains why the CFSv2 has a high skill for the first EOF mode of T50, the intraseasonal variability of the annular mode while its skill degrades rapidly for higher EOF modes associated with stationary waves. This also explains why the CFSv2's skill closely follows the seasonality and its interannual variability of the meridional mass circulation and stratosphere polar vortex. In particular, the CFSv2 is capable of predicting mid-winter polar stratosphere warming events in the Northern Hemisphere and the timing of the final polar stratosphere warming in spring in both hemispheres 3-4 weeks in advance. C1 [Zhang, Qin; van den Dool, Huug] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Shin, Chul-Su; Cai, Ming] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cai, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cai@met.fsu.edu FU NOAA CPO/CPPA program [NA10OAR4310168]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0833001] FX Ming Cai and Chul-Su Shin are supported in part by research grants from the NOAA CPO/CPPA program (NA10OAR4310168) and National Science Foundation (ATM-0833001). The authors are grateful for the informative and constructive comments from Shuntai Zhou and two anonymous reviewers on the early version of this paper. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 41 IS 7-8 BP 2231 EP 2249 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1907-5 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223NJ UT WOS:000324812200031 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Fortin, V Lofgren, B Clites, A Stow, CA Quinn, F AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Fortin, Vincent Lofgren, Brent Clites, Anne Stow, Craig A. Quinn, Frank TI Coasts, water levels, and climate change: A Great Lakes perspective SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IMPACTS; PRECIPITATION; RESOURCES; WETLANDS; AVAILABILITY; VARIABILITY; EVAPORATION; ADJUSTMENT; SCENARIOS AB The North American Laurentian Great Lakes hold nearly 20 % of the earth's unfrozen fresh surface water and have a length of coastline, and a coastal population, comparable to frequently-studied marine coasts. The surface water elevations of the Great Lakes, in particular, are an ideal metric for understanding impacts of climate change on large hydrologic systems, and for assessing adaption measures for absorbing those impacts. In light of the importance of the Great Lakes to the North American and global economies, the Great Lakes and the surrounding region also serve as an important benchmark for hydroclimate research, and offer an example of successful adaptive management under changing climate conditions. Here, we communicate some of the important lessons to be learned from the Great Lakes by examining how the coastline, water level, and water budget dynamics of the Great Lakes relate to other large coastal systems, along with implications for water resource management strategies and climate scenario-derived projections of future conditions. This improved understanding fills a critical gap in freshwater and marine global coastal research. C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Lofgren, Brent; Clites, Anne; Stow, Craig A.; Quinn, Frank] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fortin, Vincent] Environm Canada, Environm Numer Weather Predict Res Sect, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Fortin, Vincent/0000-0002-2145-4592; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI); International Upper Great Lakes Study (IUGLS) FX This paper is GLERL contribution number 1635. The authors thank Erika Washburn and Bryan Comer, as well as two anonymous reviewers who, along with the handling editor, provided helpful comments which improved the clarity of the paper. Funding for this research was provided by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and the International Upper Great Lakes Study (IUGLS). We also thank Cathy Darnell for providing graphics and editorial support. NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 13 U2 100 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2013 VL 120 IS 4 BP 697 EP 711 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-0840-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 223SR UT WOS:000324830500002 ER PT J AU Rennie, AR Hellsing, MS Wood, K Gilbert, EP Porcar, L Schweins, R Dewhurst, CD Lindner, P Heenan, RK Rogers, SE Butler, PD Krzywon, JR Ghosh, RE Jackson, AJ Malfois, M AF Rennie, Adrian R. Hellsing, Maja S. Wood, Kathleen Gilbert, Elliot P. Porcar, Lionel Schweins, Ralf Dewhurst, Charles D. Lindner, Peter Heenan, Richard K. Rogers, Sarah E. Butler, Paul D. Krzywon, Jeffery R. Ghosh, Ron E. Jackson, Andrew J. Malfois, Marc TI Learning about SANS instruments and data reduction from round robin measurements on samples of polystyrene latex SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; VISCOSITY; WATER AB Measurements of a well-characterized 'standard' sample can verify the performance of an instrument. Typically, small-angle neutron scattering instruments are used to investigate a wide range of samples and may often be used in a number of configurations. Appropriate 'standard' samples are useful to test different aspects of the performance of hardware as well as that of the data reduction and analysis software. Measurements on a number of instruments with different intrinsic characteristics and designs in a round robin can not only better characterize the performance for a wider range of conditions but also, perhaps more importantly, reveal the limits of the current state of the art of small-angle scattering. The exercise, followed by detailed analysis, tests the limits of current understanding as well as uncovering often forgotten assumptions, simplifications and approximations that underpin the current practice of the technique. This paper describes measurements of polystyrene latex, radius 720 angstrom, with a number of instruments. Scattering from monodisperse, uniform spherical particles is simple to calculate and displays sharp minima. Such data test the calibrations of intensity, wavelength and resolution as well as the detector response. Smoothing due to resolution, multiple scattering and polydispersity has been determined. Sources of uncertainty are often related to systematic deviations and calibrations rather than random counting errors. The study has prompted development of software to treat modest multiple scattering and to better model the instrument resolution. These measurements also allow checks of data reduction algorithms and have identified how they can be improved. The reproducibility and the reliability of instruments and the accuracy of parameters derived from the data are described. C1 [Rennie, Adrian R.; Hellsing, Maja S.] Uppsala Univ, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Wood, Kathleen; Gilbert, Elliot P.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Porcar, Lionel; Schweins, Ralf; Dewhurst, Charles D.; Lindner, Peter] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Heenan, Richard K.; Rogers, Sarah E.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Butler, Paul D.; Krzywon, Jeffery R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ghosh, Ron E.] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Jackson, Andrew J.] European Spallat Source ESS AB, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Malfois, Marc] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Rennie, AR (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. EM adrian.rennie@physics.uu.se RI Wood, Kathleen/C-5864-2009; Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Gilbert, Elliot/A-5566-2010; Malfois, Marc/L-2974-2014; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 OI Wood, Kathleen/0000-0002-8774-8112; Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Gilbert, Elliot/0000-0001-6413-7813; Malfois, Marc/0000-0001-5231-1896; FU Swedish Research Council; ILL; ISIS; NIST; Bragg Institute neutron facilities; Diamond Light Source FX This activity was undertaken as part of the canSAS initiative on standardization (http://www.cansas.org/wgwiki/index.php/Standardization_Working_Group). ARR and MSH are grateful to the Swedish Research Council for partial support of this work. The provision of beam time and the support of this project by the ILL, ISIS, NIST and Bragg Institute neutron facilities, and the Diamond Light Source are gratefully acknowledged. PDB and LP thank Dr Christopher Garvey for assistance with the Quokka instrument. Use for some of the analysis of the SASview software is also acknowledged. The mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by NIST or other agencies, nor does it imply that the materials, software or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1289 EP 1297 DI 10.1107/S0021889813019468 PN 5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 222WZ UT WOS:000324764500006 ER PT J AU Nelson, ARJ AF Nelson, Andrew Robert John TI Towards a detailed resolution smearing kernel for time-of-flight neutron reflectometers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB In this article a 'detailed' form of the resolution kernel used to analyse data from reactor-based time-of-flight (TOF) neutron reflectometers is derived. In contrast to monochromatic neutron reflectometers, where the resolution kernel is close to Gaussian, TOF neutron reflectometers can have trapezoidal resolution kernels. This is a consequence of the disc chopper systems used to pulse the beam having a wavelength uncertainty that is rectangular in shape. The effect of using the detailed and approximate kernels is compared, with the main effects occurring where the width of the kernel is approximately the same as the width of the features in the reflectivity curve, i.e. around the critical edge and at high Q(z). The difference between the two kernels is greatest when the wavelength and angular components are of different sizes. C1 [Nelson, Andrew Robert John] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Nelson, Andrew Robert John] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, ARJ (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. EM andrew.nelson@ansto.gov.au RI Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012 OI Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1338 EP 1346 DI 10.1107/S0021889813021936 PN 5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 222WZ UT WOS:000324764500012 ER PT J AU Simmons, JM Cook, JC Ibberson, RM Majkrzak, CF Neumann, DA AF Simmons, Jason M. Cook, Jeremy C. Ibberson, Richard M. Majkrzak, Charles F. Neumann, Dan A. TI Polychromatic energy-dispersive neutron diffraction at a continuous source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTOMETER AB A design for a continuous source, polychromatic beam powder neutron diffractometer based on an energy-dispersive detection methodology is proposed. Such an instrument would offer significantly higher incident neutron flux, with an attendant increase in data collection rate, reducing the time per scan from hours to seconds. Completely passive components are conceived for neutron bandwidth shaping, and detection is achieved using a massively parallel analyzer/detector system, making installation and operation of the instrument comparatively simple. The proposed instrument is intended to be used for rapid structural characterizations of small samples or for kinetic studies of materials undergoing structural or magnetic phase changes. C1 [Simmons, Jason M.; Cook, Jeremy C.; Ibberson, Richard M.; Majkrzak, Charles F.; Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov RI Ibberson, Richard/P-8397-2015 OI Ibberson, Richard/0000-0003-0007-706X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1347 EP 1352 DI 10.1107/S0021889813017834 PN 5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 222WZ UT WOS:000324764500013 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B Mildner, DFR Brulet, A Desert, S AF Hammouda, B. Mildner, D. F. R. Brulet, A. Desert, S. TI Insight into neutron focusing: the out-of-focus condition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LABORATOIRE-LEON-BRILLOUIN; REFRACTIVE OPTICS; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION AB Neutron focusing leads to significant gains in flux-on-sample in small-angle neutron scattering and very small angle neutron scattering instruments. Understanding the out-of-focus condition is necessary for less than optimal conditions such as for short instruments and low neutron wavelengths. Neutron focusing is investigated using a three-pronged approach. The three methods are analytical calculations, resolution measurements and computer simulations. A source aperture containing a single small-size hole and a sample aperture containing multiple holes are used to produce multiple spots on the high-resolution neutron detector. Lens focusing elongates off-axis spots in the radial direction. The standard deviation for the size of each spot is estimated using these three approaches. Varying parameters include the neutron wavelength, the number of focusing lenses and the location of holes on the sample aperture. Enough agreement for the standard deviation of the individual neutron beams was found between the calculations and the measurements to give confidence in this approach. Good agreement was found between the standard deviations obtained from calculations and simulations as well. Excellent agreement was found for the mean location of these individual spots. C1 [Hammouda, B.; Mildner, D. F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brulet, A.; Desert, S.] CE Saclay, CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, CNRS,UMR12, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 235, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU European Commission [CP-CSA_INFRA-2008-1.1.1 226507-NMI3]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; CE Saclay FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. Partial financial support of BH by CE Saclay during his one-month research leave there is appreciated. This research project has been supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme through the 'Research Infrastructures' action of the 'Capacities Programmme' (contract No. CP-CSA_INFRA-2008-1.1.1 226507-NMI3). Help from Vincent Thevenot is appreciated. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 46 BP 1361 EP 1371 DI 10.1107/S0021889813018633 PN 5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 222WZ UT WOS:000324764500015 ER PT J AU Meriwether, JW Makela, JJ Fisher, DJ Buriti, RA Medeiros, AF Akmaev, RA Fuller-Rowell, TJ Wu, F AF Meriwether, J. W. Makela, J. J. Fisher, D. J. Buriti, R. A. Medeiros, A. F. Akmaev, R. A. Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Wu, F. TI Comparisons of thermospheric wind and temperature measurements in equatorial Brazil to Whole Atmosphere Model Predictions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Equatorial thermospheric dynamics; Fabry-Perot interferometer; Thermosphere dynamics modelling ID F-REGION; NEUTRAL WINDS; MAXIMUM; AREQUIPA; PERU AB The results from the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) at 240 km are compared with measurements of equatorial thermospheric winds and temperatures acquired by nearly continual nighttime Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) measurements made in northeastern Brazil from September 2009 to August 2012. These comparisons show generally good agreement for the zonal winds with only slight differences seen in regard to the early morning period. For the evening period of 21-23 LT the observed meridional winds differed from the WAM predictions in two respects. First, while the flow direction was generally correct, the speeds of observed cross-hemispheric flow from the summer to the winter hemisphere were generally somewhat greater by 25 to 35 ms(-1) than the predicted speeds from WAM. In contrast, the observed meridional winds are found to be weaker than the WAM results for winter months for all three years. Second, although the observations and predictions both show similar timing and amplitude for a 3-h period of northward flow in September and October, the observations indicate a shift in the timing of this flow of about 1 h, from similar to 22 LT in September and October to similar to 21 LT in December. The WAM predictions show a systematic shift in phase from 21-00 LT in September to 18-21 LT in December. Regarding temperature, the WAM predictions show a midnight temperature maximum (MTM) with a peak amplitude of 50-65 K, in agreement with the observations. However, the WAM results also show a systematic shift in timing of the MTM occurrence, with the MTM peak seen at similar to 22 LT in summer and at 00 LT in winter. In contrast, the FPI monthly climatology data show the timing of the MTM peak to be 00 +/- 0.5 LT for all months except winter, when the MTM peak is not clearly evident. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meriwether, J. W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Makela, J. J.; Fisher, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Buriti, R. A.; Medeiros, A. F.] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Dept Phys, Campina Grande, PR, Brazil. [Akmaev, R. A.; Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Wu, F.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Meriwether, JW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. EM meriwej@clemson.edu FU National Science Foundation CEDAR [ATM-0940217, ATM-0940253]; Universidad Federal Campina Grande FX We thank Naomi Maruyama for helpful insights into the ion-neutral interactions in the equatorial ionosphere. Funding for this research was provided by National Science Foundation CEDAR grants ATM-0940217 and ATM-0940253 to Clemson University and the University of Illinois, respectively. We are also grateful to the Universidad Federal Campina Grande for the support of the Fabry-Perot interferometer observatory located on the UFCG campus at Cajazeiras. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 103 SI SI BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.04.002 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225KZ UT WOS:000324963100014 ER PT J AU Martinis, C Hickey, D Oliver, W Aponte, N Brum, CGM Akmaev, R Wright, A Miller, C AF Martinis, C. Hickey, D. Oliver, W. Aponte, N. Brum, C. G. M. Akmaev, R. Wright, A. Miller, C. TI The midnight temperature maximum from Arecibo incoherent scatter radar ion temperature measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Low and midlatitude ionosphere; Upper atmosphere neutral dynamics ID EQUATORIAL THERMOSPHERIC WINDS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; MODEL; ENHANCEMENT; AREQUIPA; MIDDLE; PERU AB The midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is studied using ion temperature data from the incoherent scatter radar at the Arecibo Observatory (18.3 degrees N, 66.2 degrees W). The MTM is characterized by fitting the radar data with a function that takes into account diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal components. Under the hypothesis that the MTM is related to the amplification of the terdiurnal wave, a Gaussian amplification window is included in the fitting to automatically determine the time of occurrence, temporal duration, and amplitude of the MTM observed. This study focused initially on altitudes near 300 km, the typical height of MTM observations from Fabry Perot Interferometers (FPIs). Out of the 491 days available between 1967 and 2010 only 82 showed reliable temperature determination throughout the night at this typically bottomside altitude of often low density and sharp density gradient. The analysis was expanded to include 229 usable nights at heights close to 330 km and 367 km, where better conditions for temperature determination exist. Most of these nights showed an MTM with amplitudes between 20 and 150 K and peak occurrence times during local summer months. The seasonal dependence of MTM parameters is also investigated and compared with previous experimental and modeling studies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Martinis, C.; Hickey, D.; Oliver, W.; Wright, A.; Miller, C.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Aponte, N.; Brum, C. G. M.] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Space & Atmospher Sci Dept, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. [Akmaev, R.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Martinis, C (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM martinis@bu.edu FU NSF [AGS-0925893, AGS-0836452, AST-1100968] FX This work was supported by NSF grants AGS-0925893 and AGS-0836452. The Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968), and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez, Universidad Metropolitana, and the Universities Space Research Association. This work used data accessed from the CEDAR, Arecibo, and Madrigal Data Bases. We thank several prior undergraduate students whose groundwork helped develop the method used in this work: Monica Ortiz, Cameron Hall, Nate Wilkison, and Austin Collins. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 103 SI SI BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.04.014 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 225KZ UT WOS:000324963100017 ER PT J AU Campbell, CE AF Campbell, C. E. TI The Need for a Reference Self-Diffusion Mobility Database for the Pure Elements SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHASES; ALLOYS; SYSTEM C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, CE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 34 IS 5 BP 363 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s11669-013-0255-9 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 221ES UT WOS:000324641100001 ER PT J AU Stalick, JK Wang, K Waterstrat, RM AF Stalick, J. K. Wang, Ke Waterstrat, R. M. TI The Crystal Structure and Phase Transition of Hf2Pt3 SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE binary; crystal structure; intermetallic compound; lattice parameter; phase transitions ID TI-NI ALLOYS; ZIRCONIUM AB The structure of Hf2Pt3 has been re-investigated using transmission electron microscopy and Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data at temperatures up to 1500 A degrees C. This compound does not belong to the MoSi2 structure type as previously reported, but instead is isostructural with Ti2Pd3 and the low-temperature form of Ti2Ni3. The crystal structure is orthorhombic (pseudo-tetragonal), Cmcm, Z = 4, with a = 14.653(1) , b = 4.8741(3) , and c = 4.8671(3) at room temperature. The b/c ratio decreases from 1.0014(2) at room temperature to 1.0005(3) at 1500 A degrees C, but the material does not transform to the high-temperature form of Ti2Ni3 (I4/mmm) under the conditions studied. The electron diffraction data indicate multiple stacking faults as well as short-range order. On heating above 1630 A degrees C there is a phase transition to a B2-related structure with a a parts per thousand 3.315(1) at 1659 A degrees C. C1 [Stalick, J. K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Ke; Waterstrat, R. M.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Ke] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Struct, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15250 USA. RP Stalick, JK (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM judith.stalick@nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 34 IS 5 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s11669-013-0247-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 221ES UT WOS:000324641100005 ER PT J AU Hart, KM Sartain, AR Hillis-Starr, ZM Phillips, B Mayor, PA Roberson, K Pemberton, RA Allen, JB Lundgren, I Musick, S AF Hart, Kristen M. Sartain, Autumn R. Hillis-Starr, Zandy-Marie Phillips, Brendalee Mayor, Philippe A. Roberson, Kimberly Pemberton, Roy A., Jr. Allen, Jason B. Lundgren, Ian Musick, Susanna TI Ecology of juvenile hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) at Buck Island Reef National Monument, US Virgin Islands SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; TURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS; IMMATURE GREEN TURTLES; GROWTH-RATES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FEEDING GROUNDS; FORAGING AREA; PUERTO-RICO AB Surveys of juvenile hawksbills around Buck Island Reef National Monument, US Virgin Islands from 1994 to 1999 revealed distributional patterns and resulted in a total of 75 individual hawksbill captures from all years; turtles ranged from 23.2 to 77.7 cm curved carapace length (CCL; mean 42.1 +/- A 12.3 cm SD). Juveniles concentrated where Zoanthid cover was highest. Length of time between recaptures, or presumed minimum site residency, ranged from 59 to 1,396 days (mean 620.8 +/- A 402.4 days SD). Growth rates for 23 juveniles ranged from 0.0 to 9.5 cm year(-1) (mean 4.1 +/- A 2.4 cm year(-1)SD). Annual mean growth rates were non-monotonic, with the largest mean growth rate occurring in the 30-39 cm CCL size class. Gastric lavages indicated that Zoanthids were the primary food source for hawksbills. These results contribute to our understanding of juvenile hawksbill ecology and serve as a baseline for future studies or inventories of hawksbills in the Caribbean. C1 [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. [Phillips, Brendalee] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Roberson, Kimberly] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Allen, Jason B.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Hart, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL USA. EM kristen_hart@usgs.gov FU National Park Service; USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program FX Fieldwork was permitted by NPS under the DPNR territorial permit (years 1994-1999) and only within Federal waters. National Park accession numbers from 1998 to 2000: BUIS-00037 to BUIS-00058; catalog number BUIS 3415. Funding for this work was provided by the National Park Service, and the USGS Priority Ecosystem Science Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 160 IS 10 BP 2567 EP 2580 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2249-x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 224GP UT WOS:000324871300004 ER PT J AU Nishizawa, H Naito, Y Suganuma, H Abe, O Okuyama, J Hirate, K Tanaka, S Inoguchi, E Narushima, K Kobayashi, K Ishii, H Tanizaki, S Kobayashi, M Goto, A Arai, N AF Nishizawa, Hideaki Naito, Yuta Suganuma, Hiroyuki Abe, Osamu Okuyama, Junichi Hirate, Koichi Tanaka, Shinichi Inoguchi, Emi Narushima, Koji Kobayashi, Kiyoshige Ishii, Hisakazu Tanizaki, Shigeo Kobayashi, Masato Goto, Akira Arai, Nobuaki TI Composition of green turtle feeding aggregations along the Japanese archipelago: implications for changes in composition with current flow SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNRAVELING MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; YAEYAMA ISLANDS; MARINE TURTLES; MIXED STOCK; DISPERSAL; ATLANTIC AB In order to develop effective conservation strategies for endangered migratory species, the link between feeding and breeding grounds needs to be clarified. In this study, the genetic compositions of consecutive Japanese feeding aggregations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) along the Kuroshio Current were examined by mixed-stock analyses of mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences. The results indicated that the southern feeding aggregation around Yaeyama (24.3A degrees N, 124.0A degrees E) was sourced from various Pacific rookeries in the Yaeyama, Ogasawara, Western Pacific, and Indian Oceans and Southeast Asia. Among northern feeding aggregations, the Ginoza (26.5A degrees N, 128.0A degrees E) aggregation was also sourced from the Western Pacific Ocean, but the Nomaike (31.4A degrees N, 130.1A degrees E), Muroto (33.2A degrees N, 134.2A degrees E), and Kanto (35.6A degrees N, 140.5A degrees E) aggregations were contributed mostly by the closer Ogasawara rookeries. The reduced contribution from tropical Pacific rookeries to northern feeding aggregations and the significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance matrices of feeding aggregations indicated that most hatchlings from these regions transported by the Kuroshio Current settle in upstream feeding grounds along the Japanese archipelago, implying that current flow influences the composition of feeding aggregations. Differences in the composition of relatively close neritic feeding aggregations have important conservation implications, for which both regional and multinational conservation strategies are needed. C1 [Nishizawa, Hideaki; Okuyama, Junichi; Arai, Nobuaki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Social Informat, Grad Sch Informat, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Naito, Yuta; Goto, Akira] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Lab Breeding Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Suganuma, Hiroyuki; Tanaka, Shinichi; Inoguchi, Emi; Narushima, Koji] Everlasting Nat Asia, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2210822, Japan. [Abe, Osamu; Kobayashi, Kiyoshige] Fisheries Res Agcy, Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Res Ctr Subtrop Fisheries, Ishigaki, Okinawa 9070451, Japan. [Abe, Osamu] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Okuyama, Junichi] NOAA, Protected Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hirate, Koichi] Okinawa Prefectural Fisheries & Ocean Res Ctr, Itoman, Okinawa 9010305, Japan. [Kobayashi, Kiyoshige] Kinki Univ, Program Environm Management, Grad Sch Agr, Nara 6318505, Japan. [Ishii, Hisakazu; Tanizaki, Shigeo] Ishigaki Isl Sea Turtle Res Grp, Ishigaki, Okinawa 9070024, Japan. RP Nishizawa, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Social Informat, Grad Sch Informat, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. EM nishiza@bre.soc.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Global COE Program, Informatics Education and Research for a Knowledge-Circulating Society; [17-1976]; [19880017]; [22710236] FX We would like to acknowledge the followings for providing information about the stranded turtles on Ishigaki Island and field sampling assistance in Yaeyama Islands: the member of the Ishigaki Island Sea Turtle Research Group; K. Okuzawa and the staff of the Ishigaki Tropical Station and Yaeyama Station, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute; D. Imakita (Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University); and Y. Kawabata, T. Yasuda, K. Ichikawa, and H. Watanabe (Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University). The staff of the Ogasawara Marine Center and fisheries cooperative associations in Hahajima Island and Chichijima Island and M. Kaneko (Club Noah Hahajima) kindly helped with sampling in Ogasawara Islands. Sampling in Ginoza was supported by N. Kamezaki and the Sea Turtle Association of Japan. M. Kinoshita, H. Sawada (Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University), R. Matsuoka, and T. Nishizawa (IREIIMS, Tokyo Women's Medical University) provided assistance with the DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing analyses. T. Hamabata and H. Koike (Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University) kindly provided data on the Muroto and Nomaike aggregations. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on this manuscript. This study was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (J.O. 17-1976), for Research Activity Start-up (J.O. No. 19880017), for Young Scientists B (J.O. No. 22710236), and the Global COE Program, Informatics Education and Research for a Knowledge-Circulating Society. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 160 IS 10 BP 2671 EP 2685 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2261-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 224GP UT WOS:000324871300013 ER PT J AU Bjorndal, KA Schroeder, BA Foley, AM Witherington, BE Bresette, M Clark, D Herren, RM Arendt, MD Schmid, JR Meylan, AB Meylan, PA Provancha, JA Hart, KM Lamont, MM Carthy, RR Bolten, AB AF Bjorndal, Karen A. Schroeder, Barbara A. Foley, Allen M. Witherington, Blair E. Bresette, Michael Clark, David Herren, Richard M. Arendt, Michael D. Schmid, Jeffrey R. Meylan, Anne B. Meylan, Peter A. Provancha, Jane A. Hart, Kristen M. Lamont, Margaret M. Carthy, Raymond R. Bolten, Alan B. TI Temporal, spatial, and body size effects on growth rates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwest Atlantic SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC GROWTH; DEVELOPMENTAL HABITAT; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA; LIFE AB In response to a call from the US National Research Council for research programs to combine their data to improve sea turtle population assessments, we analyzed somatic growth data for Northwest Atlantic (NWA) loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from 10 research programs. We assessed growth dynamics over wide ranges of geography (9-33A degrees N latitude), time (1978-2012), and body size (35.4-103.3 cm carapace length). Generalized additive models revealed significant spatial and temporal variation in growth rates and a significant decline in growth rates with increasing body size. Growth was more rapid in waters south of the USA (< 24A degrees N) than in USA waters. Growth dynamics in southern waters in the NWA need more study because sample size was small. Within USA waters, the significant spatial effect in growth rates of immature loggerheads did not exhibit a consistent latitudinal trend. Growth rates declined significantly from 1997 through 2007 and then leveled off or increased. During this same interval, annual nest counts in Florida declined by 43 % (Witherington et al. in Ecol Appl 19:30-54, 2009) before rebounding. Whether these simultaneous declines reflect responses in productivity to a common environmental change should be explored to determine whether somatic growth rates can help interpret population trends based on annual counts of nests or nesting females. Because of the significant spatial and temporal variation in growth rates, population models of NWA loggerheads should avoid employing growth data from restricted spatial or temporal coverage to calculate demographic metrics such as age at sexual maturity. C1 [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Witherington, Blair E.; Lamont, Margaret M.; Carthy, Raymond R.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schroeder, Barbara A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Foley, Allen M.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Witherington, Blair E.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951 USA. [Witherington, Blair E.; Bresette, Michael; Clark, David; Herren, Richard M.] Inwater Res Grp Inc, Jensen Beach, FL 34957 USA. [Arendt, Michael D.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Div, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Schmid, Jeffrey R.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Dept Environm Sci, Naples, FL 34102 USA. [Meylan, Anne B.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Meylan, Anne B.; Meylan, Peter A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Meylan, Peter A.] Eckerd Coll, Nat Sci Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. [Provancha, Jane A.] InoMed Hlth Applicat, Kennedy Space Ctr, Merritt Isl, FL 32899 USA. [Hart, Kristen M.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Lamont, Margaret M.; Carthy, Raymond R.] Univ Florida, US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bjorndal, KA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bjorndal@ufl.edu OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; NASA-John F. Kennedy Space Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Park Service; US Geological Survey; Wildlife Conservation Society (New York) FX We are very grateful to the many people who assisted with turtle captures and measurements: B. Bolt, A. Brame, B. Brost, R. Burrows, J. Byrd, R. Cancro, E. Chadwick, M. Cherkiss, S. Connett, C. Crady, B. Crouchley, S. Gann, C. Hackett, T. Hirama, R. Lowers, K. Holloway-Adkins, K. Ludwig, K. Minch, H. Nixon, J. Nixon, S. Nixon, L. Ogren, M. Provancha, T. Redlow, E. Reyier, B. Reynolds, A. Sartain, D. Scheidt, J. Schwenter, A. Segars, B. Stephens, and W. Witzell. For logistical support, we thank C. Douglass, J. Douglass, T. Gottshall, K. Nimmo, J. Spade, and T. Ziegler. For data management, we thank P.E. Eliazar. We used the Maptool program (see www.seaturtle.org) to create the map in this paper. Our studies were supported by several funding sources: Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, NASA-John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Park Service, US Geological Survey, and the Wildlife Conservation Society (New York). All turtle captures and handling were conducted with appropriate national and state research permits and approved IACUC protocols, where applicable. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 160 IS 10 BP 2711 EP 2721 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2264-y PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 224GP UT WOS:000324871300016 ER PT J AU Xiang, SY Li, YQ Li, DA Yang, S AF Xiang, Shuoyu Li, Yueqing Li, Dian Yang, Song TI An analysis of heavy precipitation caused by a retracing plateau vortex based on TRMM data SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; RAIN; SATELLITE; OCEANS AB In this paper, we study a persistent heavy precipitation process caused by a special retracing plateau vortex in the eastern Tibetan Plateau during 21-26 July 2010 using tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) data. Results show that during the whole heavy rainfall process, the precipitation rate of convective cloud is steady for all four phases of the plateau vortex movement. Compared with the convective precipitation clouds, the stratiform precipitation clouds have a higher fraction of area, a comparable ratio of contribution to the total precipitation, and a much lower precipitation rate. Precipitation increases substantially after the vortex moves out of the Tibetan Plateau, and Sichuan Province has the most extensive precipitation, which occurs when the vortex turns back westward. A number of strong convective precipitation cloud centers appear at 3-5 km. With strong upward motion, the highest rain top can reach up to 15 km. In various phases of the vortex evolution, there is always more precipitable ice than precipitable water, cloud ice water and cloud liquid water. The precipitating cloud particles increase significantly in the middle and lower troposphere when the vortex moves eastward, and cloud ice particles increase quickly at 6-8 km when the vortex retraces westward. The center of the latent heat release is always prior to the center of the vortex, and the vortex moves along the latent heat release areas. Moreover, high latent heat is released at 5-8 km with maximum at 7 km. Also, the latent heat release is more significant when the vortex moves out of the Tibetan Plateau than over the Tibetan Plateau. C1 [Xiang, Shuoyu; Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Li, Dian] Shenyang Meteorol Off, Shenyang 110168, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM yueqingli@163.com FU National Key Basic Research Development Program Project of China [2012CB417202]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275051]; Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest [GYHY201206042, GYHY201106003, GYHY201006053]; Special Research Funds Project of National Public Service Sectors (WMO); Key Research and Operation Project of Southwest China Regional Meteorological Center [2010-1]; Special Project for Basic Work of Ministry of Science and Technology [2006FY220300] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Michael L. Kaplan who helped to improve the English and edit the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program Project of China (No. 2012CB417202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41275051), Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (GYHY201206042, GYHY201106003, GYHY201006053), Special Research Funds Project of National Public Service Sectors (WMO), Key Research and Operation Project of Southwest China Regional Meteorological Center (No. 2010-1); Special Project for Basic Work of Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2006FY220300). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00703-013-0269-1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 224KI UT WOS:000324883600003 ER PT J AU Tien, DD Ngo-Duc, T Mai, HT Kieu, C AF Du Duc Tien Thanh Ngo-Duc Hoang Thi Mai Kieu, Chanh TI A study of the connection between tropical cyclone track and intensity errors in the WRF model SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; HURRICANE; SENSITIVITY; INITIALIZATION; FORECASTS; VERIFICATION; SIMULATION; IMPACT; MOTION AB This study examines the dependence of the tropical cyclone (TC) intensity errors on the track errors in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model. By using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction global final analysis as the initial and boundary conditions for cloud-resolving simulations of TC cases that have small track errors, it is found that the 2- and 3-day intensity errors in the North Atlantic basin can be reduced to 15 and 19 % when the track errors decrease to 55 and 76 %, respectively, whereas the 1-day intensity error shows no significant reduction despite more than 30 % decrease of the 1-day track error. For the North-Western Pacific basin, the percentage of intensity reduction is somewhat similar with the 2- and 3-day intensity errors improved by about 15 and 19 %, respectively. This suggests that future improvement of the TC track forecast skill in the WRF-ARW model will be beneficial to the intensity forecast. However, the substantially smaller percentages of intensity improvement than those of the track error improvement indicate that ambient environment tends to play a less important role in determining the TC intensity as compared to other factors related to the vortex initialization or physics representations in the WRF-ARW model. C1 [Du Duc Tien] Natl Ctr Hydrometeorol Forecasting, Div Res & Dev, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Thanh Ngo-Duc] Vietnam Natl Univ, Dept Meteorol, Hanoi Coll Sci, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. [Hoang Thi Mai; Kieu, Chanh] Vietnam Natl Univ, Lab Weather & Climate Forecasting, Hanoi Coll Sci, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. [Kieu, Chanh] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Kieu, C (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM chanhkq@vnu.edu.vn RI ND, Thanh/L-6948-2013 OI ND, Thanh/0000-0003-1444-7498 FU Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation [DT.NCCB-DHUD.2011-G10] FX We would like to thank Buck Sampson at Naval Research Laboratory-Monterey for his various valuable suggestions and corrections. We would like also to extend our thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments and suggestions, which helped improve the manuscript greatly. This research was supported by the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation DT.NCCB-DHUD.2011-G10. The FNL data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00703-013-0278-0 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 224KI UT WOS:000324883600005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Bowles, FL Bearden, DW Ray, WK Fuhrer, T Ye, YQ Dixon, C Harich, K Helm, RF Olmstead, MM Balch, AL Dorn, HC AF Zhang, Jianyuan Bowles, Faye L. Bearden, Daniel W. Ray, W. Keith Fuhrer, Tim Ye, Youqing Dixon, Caitlyn Harich, Kim Helm, Richard F. Olmstead, Marilyn M. Balch, Alan L. Dorn, Harry C. TI A missing link in the transformation from asymmetric to symmetric metallofullerene cages implies a top-down fullerene formation mechanism SO NATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED PENTAGON RULE; ENDOHEDRAL FULLERENES; MATERIALS SCIENCE; CARBON CAGE; C-60; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; GRAPHENE; FAMILY; CHLORINATION; CLUSTER AB Although fullerenes were discovered nearly three decades ago, the mechanism of their formation remains a mystery. Many versions of the classic 'bottom-up' formation mechanism have been advanced, starting with C 2 units that build up to form chains and rings of carbon atoms and ultimately form those well-known isolated fullerenes (for example, I h-C 60). In recent years, evidence from laboratory and interstellar observations has emerged to suggest a 'top-down' mechanism, whereby small isolated fullerenes are formed via shrinkage of giant fullerenes generated from graphene sheets. Here, we present molecular structural evidence for this top-down mechanism based on metal carbide metallofullerenes M2C2@C-1(51383)-C-84 (M=Y, Gd). We propose that the unique asymmetric C-1(51383)-C-84 cage with destabilizing fused pentagons is a preserved 'missing link' in the top-down mechanism, and in well-established rearrangement steps can form many well-known, high-symmetry fullerene structures that account for the majority of solvent-extractable metallofullerenes. C1 [Zhang, Jianyuan; Ye, Youqing; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Tech Caril Res Inst, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA. [Bowles, Faye L.; Olmstead, Marilyn M.; Balch, Alan L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] Hollings Marine Lab, Div Chem Sci, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Zhang, Jianyuan; Fuhrer, Tim; Ye, Youqing; Dixon, Caitlyn; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ray, W. Keith; Harich, Kim; Helm, Richard F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Virginia Tech Caril Res Inst, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA. EM mmolmstead@ucdavis.edu; albalch@ucdavis.edu; hdorn@vt.edu RI Zhang, Jianyuan/I-4996-2014; OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0938043, CHE-1011760]; Hollings Marine Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (grants CHE-0938043 to H. C. D. and CHE-1011760 to A. L. B. and M.M.O.) and the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility. The authors also thank the Advanced Light Source, supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231) for beam time, and S.J. Teat and C. M. Beavers for assistance. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1755-4330 J9 NAT CHEM JI Nat. Chem. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 5 IS 10 BP 880 EP 885 DI 10.1038/NCHEM.1748 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 223SJ UT WOS:000324829200015 PM 24056346 ER PT J AU Cho, S Kang, SD Kim, W Lee, ES Woo, SJ Kong, KJ Kim, I Kim, HD Zhang, T Stroscio, JA Kim, YH Lyeo, HK AF Cho, Sanghee Kang, Stephen Dongmin Kim, Wondong Lee, Eui-Sup Woo, Sung-Jae Kong, Ki-Jeong Kim, Ilyou Kim, Hyeong-Do Zhang, Tong Stroscio, Joseph A. Kim, Yong-Hyun Lyeo, Ho-Ki TI Thermoelectric imaging of structural disorder in epitaxial graphene SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TRILAYER GRAPHENE; STRAIN RELAXATION; BAND-GAP; MICROSCOPY; JUNCTIONS; LAYERS AB Heat is a familiar form of energy transported from a hot side to a colder side of an object, but not a notion associated with microscopic measurements of electronic properties. A temperature difference within a material causes charge carriers, electrons or holes to diffuse along the temperature gradient inducing a thermoelectric voltage. Here we show that local thermoelectric measurements can yield high-sensitivity imaging of structural disorder on the atomic and nanometre scales. The thermopower measurement acts to amplify the variations in the local density of states at the Fermi level, giving high differential contrast in thermoelectric signals. Using this imaging technique, we uncovered point defects in the first layer of epitaxial graphene, which generate soliton-like domain-wall line patterns separating regions of the different interlayer stacking of the second graphene layer. C1 [Cho, Sanghee; Kang, Stephen Dongmin; Kim, Wondong; Lyeo, Ho-Ki] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Lee, Eui-Sup; Woo, Sung-Jae; Kim, Yong-Hyun] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Nanosci & Technol WCU, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kong, Ki-Jeong] Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Kim, Ilyou; Kim, Hyeong-Do] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Zhang, Tong; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyeo, HK (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. EM yong.hyun.kim@kaist.ac.kr; hklyeo@kriss.re.kr RI Kim, Yong-Hyun/C-2045-2011 OI Kim, Yong-Hyun/0000-0003-4255-2068 FU Converging Research Center Program of MEST [2012K001307]; MEST-US Air Force Cooperation Program of NRF/MEST [2010-00303]; WCU [R31-2008-000-10071-0]; NRF programmes of MEST [2012-046191] FX We thank Y. Kuk for helpful comments. W. Kim thanks H-K. Lee and B-G. Park for their support in the experiments at Pohang Light Source II. This work was supported by the Converging Research Center Program of MEST (2012K001307) and the MEST-US Air Force Cooperation Program of NRF/MEST (2010-00303). The work at KAIST was supported by the WCU (R31-2008-000-10071-0) and NRF (2012-046191) programmes of MEST. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 145 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 12 IS 10 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.1038/NMAT3708 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 222MU UT WOS:000324736000017 PM 23852400 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, KA Swart, S Ansorge, IJ Goni, GJ AF Hutchinson, K. A. Swart, S. Ansorge, I. J. Goni, G. J. TI Exposing XBT bias in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE XBT; Temperature bias; Inter-comparison study; Southern Ocean ID EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH XBT; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; FALL-RATE; T-7 XBT; TEMPERATURE; TSK; PROFILES; SIPPICAN; EQUATION AB Hydrographic data from three research cruises, occupying the GoodHope line in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, are used to identify and quantify Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) temperature biases. A set of 148 collocated XBT and CTD stations, separated by a maximum distance of <12.5 nm and <10 h, are used in this study. A subset of these comparisons is also investigated. This subset consists of 24 simultaneous pairs where the XBT and CTD stations are within 2.5 nm and 2 h of one another. These simultaneous pairs are extremely rare in XBT bias experiments and provide data set to assess, in deeper detail, the behaviour of the bias. The net bias, which is a product of both the depth offset and the pure thermal bias, is investigated with depth per frontal zone for both the collocated and simultaneous comparisons and found to be on the whole positive, meaning warmer XBT readings compared to the CID values at each depth. The total mean bias for all collocated pairs was found to be 0.101 +/- 0.024 degrees C, and for the simultaneous subset the net bias had a mean value of 0.130 +/- 0.064 degrees C. An investigation into the magnitude of the depth offset was also undertaken, exposing generally positive depth biases, thereby indicating an overestimation of depth by the fall rate equation. A sizeable variation in bias between frontal zones is observed, along with an expected increase of net bias in regions of steeper temperature gradient. The contribution of the pure thermal bias is explored and found to be comparatively small yet still sizeable (mean bias =0.053 +/- 0.063 degrees C). Results found in this study further support the hypothesis of the regional dependence of the XBT fall rate on water temperature, and thus water viscosity. In addition, results obtained here highlight the need to develop an XBT bias correction scheme specifically appropriate to the Southern Ocean. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hutchinson, K. A.; Swart, S.; Ansorge, I. J.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Swart, S.] CSIR NRE, Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observ, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Goni, G. J.] NOAA, AOML, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hutchinson, KA (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM kath.hutchinson@gmail.com RI Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Swart, Sebastiaan/0000-0002-2251-8826; Hutchinson, Katherine/0000-0002-3472-8273 FU South African National Antarctic Programme; University of Cape Town; SOCCO; ACCESS and NRF/SANAP; NOAA/AOML; NOAA Climate Program Office FX We thank the South African National Antarctic Programme, and the University of Cape Town for funding. This study would not have been possible without the data collected by the hydrographic cruises conducted under the auspices of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology aboard the RV Akademik Sergey Vavilov, and the BONUS-GoodHope campaign aboard the RV Marion Dufresne. SS was supported through SOCCO post-doctoral fellowships funded by ACCESS and NRF/SANAP. We are grateful to Silvia Garzoli and her colleagues at AOML/NOAA for their dedication to the XBT programme at the GoodHope/AX25 transect. XBTs were provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office. GG is funded by NOAA/AOML and by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 80 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.06.001 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 215RJ UT WOS:000324227700002 ER PT J AU Williams, LJ Campbell, MD Tsang, PCW Sulikowski, JA AF Williams, Laura Jay Campbell, Matthew D. Tsang, Paul C. W. Sulikowski, James A. TI Using estradiol and progesterone concentrations to assess individual variability in the reproductive cyclicity of captive female little skates, Leucoraja erinacea, from the western Gulf of Maine SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Life history; Radioimmunoassay; Rajidae; Steroid hormones ID STEROID-HORMONES; SEXUAL-MATURITY; RAJA-ERINACEA; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; EXTINCTION VULNERABILITY; VIVIPAROUS DOGFISH; AMBLYRAJA-RADIATA; ATLANTIC STINGRAY; GONAD DEVELOPMENT AB In the current study, plasma steroid hormones were used to assess the individual variability of Leucoraja erinacea over the course of 12 months, in hopes of further defining its reproductive cycle. No statistical differences in hormone concentrations were observed between the isolated and non-isolated female skates. Monthly E-2 concentrations ranged from 1,430 pg ml(-1) in August to 3,940 pg ml(-1) in March, indicating the presence of mature ovarian follicles and supporting the conclusions from previous studies that L. erinacea is capable of reproducing year-round. Concentrations of E-2 were significantly elevated or depressed during some months (February, March, June, July, August, and September) of the year, suggesting that reproductive activity may vary over the annual cycle. Even though monthly P-4 concentrations were highly variable, ranging from 82 pg ml(-1) in November to 816 pg ml(-1) in September, no significant reproductive peaks were observed. In addition, a persistently large variation in E-2 and P-4 concentrations, indicative of reproductive asynchrony within (mean CV 62 % and CV 69 %, respectively) and between (mean range CV 78 and 125 %, respectively) individual skates, was observed throughout the study. Collectively, the continually high E-2 concentrations and variability in both hormones observed in the current study are indicative of an oviparous species that reproduces actively throughout the year. However, the weekly sampling frequency revealed that plasma E-2 concentrations, not P-4, were more useful to assess reproductive status in asynchronous continuously breeding oviparous elasmobranchs. C1 [Williams, Laura Jay; Sulikowski, James A.] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Campbell, Matthew D.] Mississippi Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39564 USA. [Tsang, Paul C. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Cellular Mol & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Williams, LJ (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM laurajaywilliams@gmail.com OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 FU University of New England's Graduate School and Marine Science Center FX We would like to thank captain J. Jurek of the F.V. "Mystique Lady" and Puggy Jr. of the F.V. "Lady Victoria'' for collection of the little skates and the University of New England's Graduate School and Marine Science Center for funding and use of the wet laboratory facilities. We would also like to extend our gratitude to K. Coutre, R. Knotek, C. Peterson, and A. Traverse-Taylor for assisting with the collection and processing of samples and Dr. David Koester for his thoughtful review of this manuscript. This manuscript represents MSC contribution number 48. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1099 DI 10.1007/s10695-012-9766-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 217EL UT WOS:000324339500004 PM 23307173 ER PT J AU Claxton, A Jacobson, KC Bhuthimethee, M Teel, D Bottom, D AF Claxton, Andrew Jacobson, Kym C. Bhuthimethee, Mary Teel, David Bottom, Dan TI Parasites in subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) suggest increased habitat use in wetlands compared to sandy beach habitats in the Columbia River estuary SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Fall Chinook salmon; Trophic interactions; Parasites; Habitat use ID JUVENILE SALMON; LIFE-CYCLE; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; HISTORY; OREGON; NEMATODA; ACANTHOCEPHALA; RESIDENCY; SURVIVAL; FISH AB Many estuaries in the Pacific Northwest have been severely altered reducing wetlands habitat and resulting in an interest in their importance as rearing areas for juvenile salmon. To examine differences in habitat use during residency in the Columbia River estuary, we examined parasite communities acquired through food web interactions in subyearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected from four different habitat types in May and July of 2004 and 2005. Collections were made from two sandy bottom habitat types in the tidal freshwater and marine mixing areas of the estuary. These were compared to two wetlands types: one composed of scrub and shrub vegetation and another with emergent vegetation. Parasite assemblages differed among habitats suggesting differences in salmon feeding opportunities and rearing behaviors. In both years, the nematode, Hysterothylacium aduncum and the acanthocephalan, Echinorhynchus lageniformis, which use intermediate hosts found in the estuary, were more prevalent in lower wetlands suggesting increased feeding by salmon in these habitats. The differences in parasite assemblages among habitats suggests a variety of rearing and migration patterns through the Columbia River estuary and the increased prevalences of some parasites in the wetlands show that these habitats can be important feeding grounds for salmon. C1 [Claxton, Andrew; Bhuthimethee, Mary] Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jacobson, Kym C.; Bottom, Dan] NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David] NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Claxton, A (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM claxton.andrewt@gmail.com FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service FX We would like the thank Mary Beth Rew and Rebecca Baldwin for confirming parasite species identification. David Kuligowski collected the genetics data used in this study. Susan Hinton, Curtis Roegner, George McCabe, and Jen Zamon collected salmon used in this project. Funding for this project was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 717 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1564-z PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 208EW UT WOS:000323660900003 ER PT J AU Coe, HJ Wei, XH Kiffney, PM AF Coe, Holly J. Wei, Xiaohua Kiffney, Peter M. TI Linking forest harvest and landscape factors to benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the interior of British Columbia SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Forest harvest effects; Landscape variation; Benthic macroinvertebrates; Community structure ID RIPARIAN BUFFER WIDTH; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; HEADWATER STREAMS; NEW-ZEALAND; CLEAR-CUT; INVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; WESTERN WASHINGTON; WATERSHED SCALE AB Detecting the magnitude of human-induced disturbance events, such as forest harvest, on biological communities is often confounded by other environmental gradients and scales at which these effects are examined. In this study, benthic invertebrates were collected from 43 streams across four basins and two geographic regions to (1) determine whether invertebrate abundance and community structure are best explained by historic forest harvest, landscape variables or a combination of both, and (2) evaluate associations among harvest, landscape variables, in-stream physical habitat, and invertebrates. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that invertebrate community structure was primarily explained by watershed area and elevation, and basin and region but not by measures of forest harvest. Model selection using an information-theoretic approach and Akaike's information criterion indicated that watershed area was the most important variable explaining clinger and long-lived taxa richness, while basin was the most important variable explaining total abundance, and total, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa richness. Forest harvest ranked lower than landscape variables in relative importance in all models. These results suggest that landscape characteristics were relatively more important in predicting invertebrate community structure than forest harvest, and should therefore be considered when assessing the impacts of both reach and watershed scale forest harvest on benthic communities. Perhaps, the levels of forest harvest examined in this study had only marginal effects on benthic invertebrates because these ecosystems are naturally resilient as a result of frequent disturbance from forest fires. C1 [Coe, Holly J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wei, Xiaohua] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Kelowna, BC, Canada. [Kiffney, Peter M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Forestry & Wildlife Management, N-2418 Elverum, Norway. RP Coe, HJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Holly.Coe@noaa.gov FU Forest Science Program, British Columbia Ministry of Forests FX This study was funded by a grant from the Forest Science Program, British Columbia Ministry of Forests. The authors would like to thank Gordon Guest for assistance in field data collection, and Dr. Tim Beechie and four anonymous reviewers for providing valuable and constructive comments on this manuscript. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT PY 2013 VL 717 IS 1 BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1573-y PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 208EW UT WOS:000323660900006 ER PT J AU Baker, MR Gobush, KS Vynne, CH AF Baker, Matthew R. Gobush, Kathleen S. Vynne, Carly H. TI Review of factors influencing stress hormones in fish and wildlife SO JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE Corticosterone; Cortisol; Environmental disturbance; Glucocorticoids ID CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY AB Conservation efforts to better understand how wildlife populations respond to environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance has led to a proliferation of research examining physiological indicators of stress response in wildlife. Glucocorticoid stress hormones (GCs), typically cortisol and corticosterone, are among the most frequently measured indicators of the vertebrate stress response. To review the current state of research on stress physiology of free-ranging animals and its application to conservation, we canvassed more than 1000 articles on GC measures in wildlife published since 1969. For 454 studies published since 1990, we assessed the most commonly analysed correlates and disturbances and conducted a meta-analysis on commonly studied species. We noted a prominent divide in the legacies of fish-related analyses and those of higher order vertebrates and the need and opportunity to transfer knowledge between fields. Fish studies most frequently measured physiological indicators, condition, and the relationship between stress and mortality, whereas other vertebrate studies most frequently measured reproduction, condition, and environmental correlates. Correlates that significantly influenced GC levels across all vertebrate groups and are thus important to control for in study design and analyses include density and dispersal of conspecifics, season, reproductive status, and social status. Consistent trends across commonly studied species included positive GC response to capture and handling, reduced GC response related to acclimation, and a lack of correlation between condition and baseline GC levels. Our synthesis within and across diverse taxonomic orders reveals substantial research coverage but a lack of depth in multivariate analyses and a disparity in how correlates are controlled. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of correlates and disturbances that influence GC measures and, as such, has useful applications to assist conservation physiologists in study design, analysis, and interpretation. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, Matthew R.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gobush, Kathleen S.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Vynne, Carly H.] Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Baker, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Matthew.Baker@noaa.gov; kathleen.gobush@noaa.gov; Carly.Vynne@nfwf.org NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 130 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1617-1381 J9 J NAT CONSERV JI J. Nat. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jnc.2013.03.003 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213DO UT WOS:000324034700007 ER PT J AU Hilton, EJ Stevenson, DE AF Hilton, Eric J. Stevenson, Duane E. TI Osteology of the prowfish, Zaprora silenus (Cottiformes: Zoarcoidei: Zaproridae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthomorpha; Percomorpha; skeletal anatomy ID BERING-SEA; PACIFIC; FISHES; MITOCHONDRIAL; PERCIFORMES; PHYLOGENY; TELEOSTEI AB The prowfish, Zaprora silenus, is the sole member of the family Zaproridae. It is a large, relatively elongate species with a robust head and body, and it feeds primarily on jellyfishes. Although the larvae and juveniles are pelagic, the adults are demersal, and the species is widely distributed from Southern California around the Pacific Rim to Hokkaido, Japan. The stichaeid affinities of this species have long been recognized, and the family is currently placed, along with the Stichaeidae, in the Zoarcoidei. Previous anatomical studies of Zaprora have been based on relatively few specimens from a limited geographic range and have not included cleared and stained (c&s) specimens. Here, we provide a complete description of the osteology of the prowfish, based on a large series of specimens representing a broad ontogenetic range, including a series of c&s specimens. Our results contradict the findings of previous authors in the structure of the pharyngeal teeth, presence of the pelvic girdle, and the placement of the first dorsal pterygiophore. However, we concur with the findings of previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, which indicate that the prowfish is probably most closely related to at least some members of the Stichaeidae. J. Morphol. 274:1143-1163, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Hilton, Eric J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Stevenson, Duane E.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hilton, EJ (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM ehilton@vims.edu NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 274 IS 10 BP 1143 EP 1163 DI 10.1002/jmor.20168 PG 21 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 213XW UT WOS:000324094900005 PM 23801090 ER PT J AU Kock, KH Groger, J Jones, CD AF Kock, Karl-Hermann Groeger, Joachim Jones, Christopher D. TI Interannual variability in the feeding of ice fish (Notothenioidei, Channichthyidae) in the southern Scotia Arc and the Antarctic Peninsula region (CCAMLR Subareas 48.1 and 48.2) SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; Ice fish; Food intake; Daily food consumption ID COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; SHETLAND ISLANDS; DAILY RATION; BUOYANCY; EVACUATION; DIET; BIOLOGY; OCEAN; SEA AB We have studied the annual variation in food intake of three sub-Antarctic ice fish species (Champsocephalus gunnari, Chaenocephalus aceratus, and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus) and three high-Antarctic ice fish species (Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Cryodraco antarcticus, and Chaenodraco wilsoni). Stomach content analyses were conducted during bottom trawl surveys around the South Shetland Islands in 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2007, the South Orkney Islands in 1999 and 2009, and off the north-western Antarctic Peninsula in 2002, 2006, and 2006/2007 in order to obtain further insight into the amount of food of Antarctic demersal fish consume during summer. Annual variation in food intake was comparatively low within an area in the krill-feeding species C. gunnari and C. wilsoni. Food intake was much more variable, by a factor of 2 or 3 among years and areas, in larger C. aceratus and C. antarcticus, which rely heavily on fish as their dietary source. Food consumption was intermediate in the two species P. georgianus and C. rastrospinosus, which rely on both krill and fish. C1 [Kock, Karl-Hermann; Groeger, Joachim] Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst Landliche Raume W, Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Groeger, Joachim] Univ Rostock, Inst Biowissensch, Rostock, Germany. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kock, KH (reprint author), Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst Landliche Raume W, Inst Seefischerei, Palmaille 9, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. EM karl-hermann.kock@ti.bund.de NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1451 EP 1462 DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1363-z PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214OG UT WOS:000324142700006 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Morin, PA Pitman, RL Avila-Arcos, MC Durban, JW van Helden, A Sinding, MHS Gilbert, MTP AF Foote, Andrew D. Morin, Phillip A. Pitman, Robert L. Avila-Arcos, Maria C. Durban, John W. van Helden, Anton Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. Gilbert, M. Thomas P. TI Mitogenomic insights into a recently described and rarely observed killer whale morphotype SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mitogenome; Target enrichment capture; Ancient DNA; Killer whale ID ORCINUS-ORCA AB Identifying evolutionary divergent taxonomic units, e.g. species and subspecies, is important for conservation and evolutionary biology. The 'type D' killer whale, Orcinus orca, is a rarely observed morphotype with a pelagic, circumpolar subantarctic distribution, making dedicated research and therefore taxonomic study extremely difficult to date. In this study, we used DNA target enrichment hybridisation capture coupled to high throughput sequencing, to obtain the first DNA sequence from the only known museum specimen of this recently described morphotype. The high coverage, complete mitogenome sequence was compared to a previously published global dataset of 139 individuals, indicating that this type is highly divergent to all previously genetically sequenced killer whale forms. The estimated divergence time (390,000 years ago) from its most recent common ancestor with other extant killer whale lineages was the second oldest split within the killer whale phylogeny. This study provides the first genetic support of type D potentially being a distinct subspecies or species of killer whale, although further samples are needed to identify whether there is monophyly of mitogenome sequences and whether nuclear DNA also indicates reproductive isolation. These findings also highlight the value of natural history museum collections and new technologies to investigate the taxonomy of rare, cryptic or difficult to access species. C1 [Foote, Andrew D.; Avila-Arcos, Maria C.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Morin, Phillip A.; Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [van Helden, Anton] Museum New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington 6011, New Zealand. [Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Murdoch Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Ancient DNA Lab, Perth, WA 6150, Australia. RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM footead@gmail.com RI Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; Strander Sinding, Mikkel-Holger/B-9450-2015 OI Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Strander Sinding, Mikkel-Holger/0000-0003-1371-219X FU Marie Curie Actions ITN Fellowship [KWAF10]; Danish Basic Research Foundation 'Geogenetics' grant FX Uko Gorter provided the illustrations. This work was funded by a Marie Curie Actions ITN Fellowship 'KWAF10' grant awarded to ADF and the Danish Basic Research Foundation 'Geogenetics' grant. We thank Jamie Watts and Jean-Pierre Sylvestre for sighting reports and photographs. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive feedback and useful comments. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 82 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1519 EP 1523 DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1354-0 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214OG UT WOS:000324142700012 ER PT J AU Hirpa, FA Hopson, TM De Groeve, T Brakenridge, GR Gebremichael, M Restrepo, PJ AF Hirpa, Feyera A. Hopson, Thomas M. De Groeve, Tom Brakenridge, G. Robert Gebremichael, Mekonnen Restrepo, Pedro J. TI Upstream satellite remote sensing for river discharge forecasting: Application to major rivers in South Asia (vol 131, pg 140, 2013) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Hirpa, Feyera A.; Gebremichael, Mekonnen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hopson, Thomas M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [De Groeve, Tom] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Univ Colorado, CSDMS, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Dartmouth Flood Observ, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Restrepo, Pedro J.] NOAA, North Cent River Forecast Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. RP Hopson, TM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fah07002@engr.uconn.edu; hopson@ucar.edu; tom.de-groeve@jrc.ec.europa.eu; robert.brakenridge@colorado.edu; mekonnen@engr.uconn.edu; Pedro.Restrepo@noaa.gov RI Hirpa, Feyera/I-8404-2016 OI Hirpa, Feyera/0000-0002-4919-4753 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 137 BP 333 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.02.014 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 214SR UT WOS:000324156600029 ER PT J AU Reich, Y Subrahmanian, E AF Reich, Yoram Subrahmanian, Eswaran TI Philosophy of design, science of design, engineering (of) design: what is your choice? SO RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Reich, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Subrahmanian, Eswaran] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Subrahmanian, Eswaran] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reich, Y (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM yoram@eng.tau.ac.il; sub@cmu.edu OI Reich, Yoram/0000-0002-0922-8381 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0934-9839 J9 RES ENG DES JI Res. Eng. Design PD OCT PY 2013 VL 24 IS 4 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s00163-013-0163-3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 220ME UT WOS:000324587500001 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Motabar, D Quifiones, O Stanford, B Vanderford, B Moss, D AF Holbrook, R. David Motabar, Donna Quifiones, Oscar Stanford, Benjamin Vanderford, Brett Moss, Donna TI Titanium distribution in swimming pool water is dominated by dissolved species SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Dissolved; ICP-MS; Size fraction; Swimming pool; Titanium ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON COLLOIDS; PURE TITANIUM; BOREAL LAKE; RELEASE; TIO2; FRACTIONATION; PARTICLES AB The increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) in consumer products such as sunscreen has raised concerns about their possible risk to human and environmental health. In this work, we report the occurrence, size fractionation and behavior of titanium (Ti) in a children's swimming pool. Size-fractionated samples were analyzed for Ti using ICP-MS. Total titanium concentrations ([Ti]) in the pool water ranged between 21 mu g/L and 60 mu g/L and increased throughout the 101-day sampling period while [Ti] in tap water remained relatively constant. The majority of [Ti] was found in the dissolved phase (<1 kDa), with only a minor fraction of total [Ti] being considered either particulate or microparticulate. Simple models suggest that evaporation may account for the observed variation in [Ti], while sunscreen may be a relevant source of particulate and microparticule Ti. Compared to diet, incidental ingestion of nano-Ti from swimming pool water is minimal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Holbrook, R. David; Motabar, Donna] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quifiones, Oscar; Stanford, Benjamin; Vanderford, Brett] Southern Nevada Water Author, Henderson, NV USA. [Stanford, Benjamin] Hazen & Sawyer PC, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 181 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.044 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210CW UT WOS:000323807900010 ER PT J AU Zhang, LW Petersen, EJ Habteselassie, MY Mao, L Huang, QG AF Zhang, Liwen Petersen, Elijah J. Habteselassie, Mussie Y. Mao, Liang Huang, Qingguo TI Degradation of multiwall carbon nanotubes by bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Nanotoxicology; Microbial degradation; Aerobic biotransformation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; MINERALIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; CHEMISTRY; CULTURE AB Understanding the environmental transformation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is important to their life cycle assessment and potential environmental impacts. We report that a bacterial community is capable of degrading C-14-labeled MWCNTs into (CO2)-C-14 in the presence of an external carbon source via co-metabolism. Multiple intermediate products were detected, and genotypic characterization revealed three possible microbial degraders: Burkholderia kururiensis, Delftia acidovorans, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. This result suggests that microbe/MWCNTs interaction may impact the long-term fate of MWCNTs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Liwen; Habteselassie, Mussie Y.; Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mao, Liang] Nanjing Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Huang, QG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM qhuang@uga.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) STAR Grant [R834094]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2011576] FX This study was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) STAR Grant R834094. L. Mao acknowledges the support from Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2011576). We thank Dr. Z. Pan and Mr. Y. Chuang for their assistance with SEM analysis, Dr. J. Fan for TEM analysis, Dr. D. Phillips for GC-MS measurements. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 181 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.058 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210CW UT WOS:000323807900043 PM 23859846 ER PT J AU Seung, CK Waters, EC AF Seung, Chang K. Waters, Edward C. TI Calculating impacts of exogenous output changes: application of a social accounting matrix (SAM) model to Alaska fisheries SO ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN; AGRICULTURE; BASE AB Some previous studies calculated backward linkage and forward linkage effects of exogenous change in output capacity using mixed endogenous-exogenous models within an input-output (IO) or social accounting matrix (SAM) framework. For calculating forward linkage effects, these studies used the supply-drive(Ghosh in Economica 25(1):58-64, 1958) approach. However, the Ghosh approach has been criticized based on its problematic theoretical interpretation. This study uses an Alaska SAM model to estimate the regional economic impacts of restricting catch of Pacific cod and Atka mackerel in the Aleutian Islands in order to protect Steller sea lions. This study overcomes the problem of calculating forward linkage effects in the previous studies by running the SAM model with (1) changes in output converted to final demand shocks and (2) regional purchase coefficients for all the directly impacted industries (fish harvesting and processing industries) set equal to zero. The impacts of the shift in harvest opportunities in response to the Steller sea lion protection measures are displayed in terms of changes in output, employment, value added, household income, and state and local government revenue. C1 [Seung, Chang K.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, F AKC2,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chang.Seung@noaa.gov; edwaters@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0570-1864 J9 ANN REGIONAL SCI JI Ann. Reg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 553 EP 573 DI 10.1007/s00168-012-0546-9 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 203IH UT WOS:000323285000012 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Alix, JH Dixon, MS Wikfors, GH AF Galimany, Eve Alix, Jennifer H. Dixon, Mark S. Wikfors, Gary H. TI Short communication: adaptability of the feeding behavior of intertidal ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) to constant submersion SO AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bioextraction; Clearance rate; Feeding behavior; Geukensia; Tide ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SALT-MARSH; MYTILUS-EDULIS; TIDAL RHYTHM; PARTICLE RETENTION; METAZOAN TISSUE; FILTRATION-RATE; CARDIUM-EDULE; DIGESTION; BIVALVES AB The ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa, Dillwyn 1817) is a dominant benthic filter-feeder in salt marshes along the North American Atlantic Coast. It has been proposed that the cultivation and harvest of ribbed mussels could be used to bioremediate the eutrophication of coastal waters. To accomplish this, mussels would be grown in suspension culture underwater, which is different than this species' natural, intertidal habitat in which they are exposed to a tidal regime of submersion and emersion. To assess possible effects of constant submersion upon the feeding behavior of G. demissa, we quantified filter-feeding activities of ribbed mussels collected from either an intertidal location or a permanently submerged (2 months) population in the same embayment. Filtration measurements to determine clearance rates were conducted in aquaria containing ultra-filtered seawater with cultured phytoplankton. Results show that mussels taken from the intertidal population had significantly higher filtration than the submerged population initially, but after 3 days of submersion in the aquaria, this difference disappeared. Moreover, all experimental G. demissa had higher clearance rates during natural low tide than during natural high tide. These results indicate a potential for ribbed mussels to be grown in suspension culture for nutrient bioextraction purposes. C1 [Galimany, Eve; Alix, Jennifer H.; Dixon, Mark S.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM gary.wikfors@noaa.gov FU National Research Council FX This work was partially supported by a Research Associateship to the first author from the National Research Council. We would like to thank Barry Smith for his help with the experimental setup. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0967-6120 J9 AQUACULT INT JI Aquac. Int. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1007/s10499-012-9608-3 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 208CN UT WOS:000323653900003 ER PT J AU Mills, KE Pershing, AJ Sheehan, TF Mountain, D AF Mills, Katherine E. Pershing, Andrew J. Sheehan, Timothy F. Mountain, David TI Climate and ecosystem linkages explain widespread declines in North American Atlantic salmon populations SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capelin; chronological cluster analysis; climate change; dynamic factor analysis; Northwest Atlantic; phytoplankton; regime shift; sea surface temperature; zooplankton ID CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; SALAR L.; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; WEST GREENLAND; PACIFIC-SALMON; ZOOPLANKTON; HISTORY; TRENDS AB North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations experienced substantial declines in the early 1990s, and many populations have persisted at low abundances in recent years. Abundance and productivity declined in a coherent manner across major regions of North America, and this coherence points toward a potential shift in marine survivorship, rather than local, river-specific factors. The major declines in Atlantic salmon populations occurred against a backdrop of physical and biological shifts in Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Analyses of changes in climate, physical, and lower trophic level biological factors provide substantial evidence that climate conditions directly and indirectly influence the abundance and productivity of North American Atlantic salmon populations. A major decline in salmon abundance after 1990 was preceded by a series of changes across multiple levels of the ecosystem, and a subsequent population change in 1997, primarily related to salmon productivity, followed an unusually low NAO event. Pairwise correlations further demonstrate that climate and physical conditions are associated with changes in plankton communities and prey availability, which are ultimately linked to Atlantic salmon populations. Results suggest that poor trophic conditions, likely due to climate-driven environmental factors, and warmer ocean temperatures throughout their marine habitat area are constraining the productivity and recovery of North American Atlantic salmon populations. C1 [Mills, Katherine E.; Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mills, Katherine E.; Pershing, Andrew J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mountain, David] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Mills, KE (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM kmills@gmri.org FU NOAA CINAR [NA09-OAR-4320129] FX This study was made possible by NOAA CINAR grant NA09-OAR-4320129. The salmon abundance and productivity data were outputs from the stock assessment model developed by the ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon and were provided by Gerald Chaput (DFO). Brian Nakashima and Fran Mowbray (DFO) provided capelin data; Charlie Fitzpatrick (DFO) provided salinity data; plankton data were from David Johns (SAHFOS) and Chris Melrose (NMFS). We acknowledge these scientists and programs for maintaining invaluable databases to support large-scale, multilevel ecosystem analyses. John Kocik, Carrie Byron, and Sigrid Lehuta provided conceptual and analytical feedback. NR 85 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 121 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 19 IS 10 BP 3046 EP 3061 DI 10.1111/gcb.12298 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 210OS UT WOS:000323844200012 PM 23780876 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J AF Obrzut, Jan TI General analysis of microwave network scattering parameters for characterization of thin film materials SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Scattering parameters; Microwave networks; Network model; Coplanar waveguides; Microwave conductivity; Thin films ID TRANSMISSION; IMPEDANCE AB A general solution of the linear passive microwave network is presented for the characterization of thin film materials at high microwave frequencies. The mathematical formulas that correlate scattering parameters S-11 and S-21 with the distributed circuit parameters of the Z(0);Z(s);Z(0) network are given in closed form. The applicability of the general network model to the characterization of thin film materials is illustrated experimentally for one-port reflectometry in the coaxial configuration and for the two-port transmission reflection method in a coplanar waveguide configuration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD OCT PY 2013 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2963 EP 2970 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.04.049 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 205UC UT WOS:000323469300075 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL Banner, ML Kaihatu, JM AF Tolman, Hendrik L. Banner, Michael L. Kaihatu, James M. TI The NOPP operational wave model improvement project SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wind waves; Numerical modeling; National Oceanographic Partnership; Program (NOPP) ID FOLLOWER FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; NONLINEAR ENERGY TRANSFERS; INPUT SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; WIND-DRIVEN SEAS; EFFICIENT REPRESENTATION; 2-SCALE APPROXIMATION; BREAKING PROBABILITY; BOTTOM FRICTION; COASTAL REGIONS AB The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) has recently initiated a five-year project entitled "Improving Wind Wave Predictions: Global to Regional Scales". This project focuses on improving operational wind wave modeling, by transitioning new science into such models, and by developing new physics parameterizations for such models. The paper describes the general goals of the project, and the science and operations gaps it attempts to bridge. Further attention is given to data sets and validation techniques for operational models. Finally, an outlook with desired and already achieved outcomes of this project is presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Banner, Michael L.] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Kaihatu, James M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Hendrik.Tolman@NOAA.gov RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016; OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409; Banner, Michael/0000-0002-0799-5341 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) FX Within NOPP this project is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM, formally MMS), with either direct funding or in-kind contributions. The authors particularly want to acknowledge the vision of Linwood Vincent and Don Resio, for making this NOPP project a reality. Numerous collaborators in the NOPP project have contributed to the manuscript. NR 119 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.11.011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 209RF UT WOS:000323776800002 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL AF Tolman, Hendrik L. TI A Generalized Multiple Discrete Interaction Approximation for resonant four-wave interactions in wind wave models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wind waves; Resonant nonlinear interactions; Quadruplets; Discrete interaction approximation; Numerical modeling ID LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; NONLINEAR-INTERACTIONS; SPECTRUM; PARAMETERIZATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; WAM AB For several decades, the Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA) for nonlinear resonant four-wave interactions has been the engine of third-generation wind-wave models. The present study presents a Generalized Multiple DIA (GMD) which expands upon the DIA by (i) expanding the definition of the representative quadruplet, (ii) formulating the DIA for arbitrary water depths, (iii) providing complimentary deep and shallow water scaling terms and (iv) allowing for multiple representative quadruplets. The GMD is rigorously derived to be an extension of the DIA, and is backward compatible with it. The free parameters of the GMD are optimized holistically, by optimizing full model behavior in the WAVEWATCH III (R) wave model as reported in a companion paper. Here, a cascade of GMD configurations with increasing complexity, accuracy and cost is presented. First, the performance of these configurations is discussed using idealized test cases used to optimize the GMD. It is shown that in deep water, GMD configurations can be found which remove most of the errors of the DIA. The GMD is also capable of representing four-wave interactions in extremely shallow water, although some remaining spurious behavior makes applications of this part of the GMD less suitable for operational wave models. Finally, several GMD configurations are applied to an idealized hurricane case, showing that results from idealized test cases indeed are representative for real-world applications, and confirming that such GMD configurations are economically feasible in operational wind wave models. Finally, the DIA results in surprisingly large model errors in hurricane conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Hendrik.Tolman@NOAA.gov FU NOAA; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The author thanks D. B. Rao and Stephen Lord for their long-term support for this study at NCEP, and Gerbrant van Vledder for decades of discussions and collaboration on this topic. The author thanks Arun Chawla, Andre van der Westhuysen, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on early drafts of this manuscript. The present study was made possible by various funding sources from NOAA and from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.02.005 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 209RF UT WOS:000323776800003 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL Grumbine, RW AF Tolman, Hendrik L. Grumbine, Robert W. TI Holistic genetic optimization of a Generalized Multiple Discrete Interaction Approximation for wind waves SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wind waves; Resonant nonlinear interactions; Discrete interaction approximation; Genetic optimization ID MODELS; SPECTRUM AB A key element of wind wave models is the parameterization of the resonant nonlinear interactions between spectral wave components. In a companion paper a new Generalized Multiple Discrete Interaction Approximation (GMD) has been developed. The present paper addresses the optimization of the free parameters of the GMD. A holistic optimization approach is used where full model integration results are optimized. Fifteen objective metrics are used, defined to measure the accuracy of a model using the GMD relative to a model using the full (exact) interactions. Due to the large number of free parameters to be optimized, and due to the existence of many local error minima in parameter space, traditional error mapping or steepest descent search algorithms are not suitable to optimize the GMD. The focus of the present study is on establishing genetic optimization techniques as a feasible and economical way to optimize the free parameters in the GMD. The behavior of the GMD with optimized parameters is outside the scope of this study, and is discussed in detail in the companion paper. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tolman, Hendrik L.; Grumbine, Robert W.] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Hendrik.Tolman@NOAA.gov FU NOAA; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The authors thank D. B. Rao and Stephen Lord for their long term support for the presented research at NCEP. The author thanks Vladimir Krasnopolsky, Henrique Alves, Will Perrie, and the anonymous reviewers for their input in early drafts of this manuscript. The present study was made possible by various funding sources from NOAA and from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.12.008 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 209RF UT WOS:000323776800004 ER PT J AU Chawla, A Spindler, DM Tolman, HL AF Chawla, Arun Spindler, Deanna M. Tolman, Hendrik L. TI Validation of a thirty year wave hindcast using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis winds SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Waves; Hindcasts; Reanalysis; WAVEWATCH III; Wind wave models; Validation ID ERA-40 REANALYSIS; MODELS; NCEP; PERFORMANCE AB A thirty one year wave hindcast (1979-2009) using NCEP's latest high resolution Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) wind and ice database has been developed and is presented here. The hindcast has been generated using the third generation wind wave model WAVEWATCH III (R) with a mosaic of 16 two-way nested grids. The resolution of the grids ranged from 1/2 degrees to 1/15 degrees. Validation results for bulk significant wave height H-s and 10 m (above Mean Sea Level) wind speeds U-10 have been presented using both altimeter records and NDBC buoys. In general the database does a good job of representing the wave climate. At most buoys there is excellent agreement between model and data out to the 99.9th percentile. The agreement at coastal buoys is not as good as the offshore buoys due to unresolved coastal features (topographic/bathymetric) as well as issues related to interpolating wind fields at the land-sea margins. There are some concerns about the wave climate in the Southern Hemisphere due to the over prediction of winds (early part of the database) as well as the lack of wave blocking due to icebergs (in the model). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chawla, Arun; Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Spindler, Deanna M.] NOAA NCEP, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chawla, A (reprint author), NOAA NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.chawla@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.07.005 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 209RF UT WOS:000323776800017 ER PT J AU Stopa, JE Cheung, KF Tolman, HL Chawla, A AF Stopa, Justin E. Cheung, Kwok Fai Tolman, Hendrik L. Chawla, Arun TI Patterns and cycles in the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis wind and wave data SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate Forecast System Reanalysis; Wave modeling; Climate cycles; Wave hindcasting; WAVEWATCH III ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; PACIFIC; WINTER; SWELL; MODEL; NCEP AB The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and the corresponding WAVEWATCH III hindcast datasets allow climatic interpretation of winds as well as their impacts on waves. In this paper, we analyze the continuous 31 years of global wind and wave data in terms of climate patterns and cycles. Quarterly averages and percentile plots of the wind speed and wave height illustrate the seasonal pattern and distributions of extreme events, while the annual and inter-annual variability demonstrates the wind and wave climate. The data is correlated with published indices of known atmospheric cycles. The datasets show good correspondence with the Arctic Oscillation, Antarctic Oscillation, El Nino Southern Oscillation, and the Madden-Julian Oscillation in both the wind and wave fields. The results compare well with published climate studies on regional scales and provide important linkage to the global wave climate characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stopa, Justin E.; Cheung, Kwok Fai] Univ Hawaii Manoa ORE UHM, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.; Chawla, Arun] NOAA NCEP EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Cheung, KF (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa ORE UHM, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM stopa@hawaii.edu; cheung@hawaii.edu; hendrik.tolman@noaa.gov; arun.chawla@noaa.gov FU Department of Energy via the National Marine Renewable Energy Center [DE-FG36-08G018180] FX The Department of Energy supported this study through Grant No. DE-FG36-08G018180 via the National Marine Renewable Energy Center. We would like to thank the guest editor Dr. Mark Hemer, Dr. Fernando Mendez, and two anonymous reviewers for the comments and suggestions that have improved this paper. SOEST Contribution Number 8699. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 70 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.10.005 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 209RF UT WOS:000323776800018 ER PT J AU Sowards, JW Weeks, TS McColskey, JD AF Sowards, J. W. Weeks, T. S. McColskey, J. D. TI The influence of simulated fuel-grade ethanol on fatigue crack propagation in pipeline and storage-tank steels SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corrosion fatigue; Modelling studies; SEM; Steel; Stress corrosion ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; CARBON-STEEL; ASSISTED CRACKING; GROWTH; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; ALCOHOLS AB This study presents an evaluation of fatigue crack propagation in three steels (A36, X52, and X70) in a simulated fuel-grade ethanol environment. A fracture mechanics testing approach was used to determine crack propagation rates as a function of the stress-intensity-factor amplitude (AK). Results of this testing and the fracture analysis indicate that all three materials are susceptible to enhanced fatigue damage in fuel-grade ethanol environments. We show that the damage mechanism is attributed to susceptibility of each material to ethanol stress-corrosion cracking under fatigue loading conditions and propose a model for determining crack growth rates in ethanol fuel. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sowards, J. W.; Weeks, T. S.; McColskey, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sowards, JW (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov RI Sowards, Jeffrey/D-3521-2012 OI Sowards, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0629-4938 FU US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) through the office of Jim Merritt; US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) through the office of Robert Smith FX The authors acknowledge Dr. R.L. Amaro and Dr. E. Lucon for their critical reviews of this manuscript and the support of Dr. Mark Richards, Mr. Marc Dvorak, Mr. Ross Rentz, and Mr. Ken Talley during experimentation. Financial support was provided in part by the US Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) through the offices of Jim Merritt and Robert Smith. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 75 BP 415 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.06.026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 205UH UT WOS:000323469800045 ER PT J AU Hunt, PR Marquis, BJ Tyner, KM Conklin, S Olejnik, N Nelson, BC Sprando, RL AF Hunt, Piper Reid Marquis, Bryce J. Tyner, Katherine M. Conklin, Sean Olejnik, Nicholas Nelson, Bryant C. Sprando, Robert L. TI Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanosilver; silver ions; growth suppression; DNA damage; endotoxin; toxicity screen ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NANO-SILVER; BASE DAMAGE; TOXICITY; CELLS; GENOTOXICITY; MECHANISMS AB Studies on the effects of nanomaterial exposure in mammals are limited, and new methods for rapid risk assessment of nanomaterials are urgently required. The utility of Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic liquid media was evaluated as an alternative in vivo model for the purpose of screening nanomaterials for toxic effects. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter (10nmAg) were used as a test material, and ionic silver from silver acetate as a positive control. Silver uptake and localization, larval growth, morphology and DNA damage were utilized as endpoints for toxicity evaluation. Confocal reflection analysis indicated that 10nmAg localized to the lumen and tissues of the digestive tract of C. elegans. 10nmAg at 10 mu g ml(-1) reduced the growth of C. elegans larvae, and induced oxidative damage to DNA as measured by 8-OH guanine levels. Consistent with previously published studies using mammalian models, ionic silver suppressed growth in C. elegans larvae to a greater extent than 10nmAg. Our data suggest that medium-throughput growth screening and DNA damage analysis along with morphology assessments in C. elegans could together provide powerful tools for rapid toxicity screening of nanomaterials. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Hunt, Piper Reid; Olejnik, Nicholas; Sprando, Robert L.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Div Toxicol, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Marquis, Bryce J.; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyner, Katherine M.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Conklin, Sean] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Regulatory Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hunt, PR (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Div Toxicol, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Piper.Hunt@fda.hhs.gov RI Hunt, Piper/G-1555-2012 OI Hunt, Piper/0000-0003-0538-7606 FU United States Food and Drug Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition/Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment/Division of Toxicology; National Research Council FX The authors would like to thank Li Ni Komatsu (L.N.K.) for beginning this study, Dr Jeffrey Yourick for careful reading of this manuscript, Dr Dave Sebba of NanoComposix, Inc. for technical assistance in handling silver nanoparticles, and Thomas N. Black and Michael Scott for assistance in preparing media. Author contributions: experimental concept design, R. L. S.; nanoparticle characterization, K. T., B.J.M.; COPAS analysis, P. R. H., NO; confocal reflection, L. N. K., P. R. H.; morphology assessments, P. R. H, L. N. K.; DNA damage, B.J.M., B. C. N.; ICP-MS, S. C., P. R. H.; manuscript preparation, P. R. H., R. L. S., K. T., B.J.M., BCN. Funding Source: United States Food and Drug Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition/Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment/Division of Toxicology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest. B.J.M. was supported by a National Research Council associateship provided by the National Academy of Sciences. The findings and conclusions in this article have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and Human Services. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in this paper to specify an experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does the identification of particular equipment or materials imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 75 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1002/jat.2872 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 190IF UT WOS:000322331900011 PM 23636779 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Sensitivity of gold nano-conductors to common contaminations: ab initio results SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; BAND-STRUCTURE; MOLECULES; CHAINS AB Gold nanowire chains are considered a good candidate for nanoelectronic devices because they exhibit remarkable structural and electrical properties. A previous study shows that the beryllium-terminated BeO (0001) surface may be a useful platform for supporting nano gold conductors, since it preserves the nano-wire configuration, does not restrict its conductivity, and even enhances it. However, the influence of contamination on the conductivity of such conductors is unknown. Here, ab initio simulations were performed to determine the effect of commonly adsorbed contaminants (H2O and O-2) on the conductivity of gold nano-conductors. We found that the presence of adsorbed impurities does not alter the good conductive ability of the conductors under examination. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, MSED, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), NIST, MSED, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barzilai.shmuel@gmail.com NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 48 IS 19 BP 6619 EP 6624 DI 10.1007/s10853-013-7460-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 184VH UT WOS:000321921300015 ER PT J AU Hunten, KA Feeney, AB Srinivasan, V AF Hunten, Keith A. Feeney, Allison Barnard Srinivasan, Vijay TI Recent advances in sharing standardized STEP composite structure design and manufacturing information SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Composite structures; Data exchange; ISO 10303; AP209; Long-term data retention; STEP ID CAD MODELS; EXCHANGE AB Composite structures have been developed and used in the aerospace, automobile, sports, and marine industries since the early 1940s. Compared to conventional metallic structures, newer high-performance composite structures provide benefits such as decreased weight and reduced energy consumption. An international standards subcommittee on industrial automation systems and integration has developed and implemented a standard, ISO 10303-209, for sharing the manufacturing information for these complex composite structures. This standard, part of the family of standards commonly known as the Standard for Exchange of Product model data (STEP), is considered essential for improving the design, analysis, and manufacturing productivity of composite structures. The ISO 10303-209 standard also enables the long-term data retention necessary to support the composite structures throughout the lifetime of the products that use them. This paper describes recent advances that led to the development of ISO 10303-209 data models for composite structural shape and composition. The paper also reports the status of ongoing implementation and testing efforts. Varied usage scenarios have motivated several areas for future improvement, such as full three-dimensional representation and the efficient cost-effective visualization of composite structural parts. Issues and their proposed solutions, along with their anticipated impacts on the design, analysis, manufacturing, and long-term support of composite structures are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Hunten, Keith A.] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, Adv Dev Programs, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. [Feeney, Allison Barnard; Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feeney, AB (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keith.a.hunten@lmco.com; abf@nist.gov; vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1215 EP 1221 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2013.05.001 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 180KN UT WOS:000321594200006 ER PT J AU Singh, R Madan, J AF Singh, Ranjit Madan, Jatinder TI Systematic approach for automated determination of parting line for die-cast parts SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Die-casting; Die design; Core; Cavity; Undercut; Parting line region; Parting line ID INJECTION-MOLDED PARTS; MOULDABILITY ANALYSIS; FEATURE RECOGNITION; UNDERCUT FEATURES; DESIGN; DIRECTIONS; SURFACE; MANUFACTURABILITY; GENERATION; POLYHEDRON AB The parting line decision for die-cast parts is a non-trivial task, which depends upon a number of factors related to the part geometry and the die-casting process requirements. This is a crucial decision which not only affects the design and manufacturing of the die-casting die but the part manufacturing as well. Normally, a die-casting die-design expert invests a lot of time, effort and resources to take this decision, which affects the part manufacturing lead time and cost. A systematic approach for automated determination of the parting line for die-cast parts is presented in this paper. Unlike the previous systems, which consider part geometric factors only, the system proposed in this paper also considers the die-casting process requirements to determine the parting line in a systematic and automated manner. Here we discuss classification of the die-cast part surfaces, identification of undercuts and protrusions, identification of parting line regions, and determination of the parting line. The system generates a number of feasible parting lines in a given parting direction after applying the die-casting process requirements. Finally, the most suitable parting line is determined from the feasible parting lines considering the industry best practices. The results obtained from the system are similar to those of the industry. The proposed system would prove to be a major step towards automation of the die-casting die design, leading to design-manufacturing integration of the die-casting process. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, Ranjit; Madan, Jatinder] St Longowal Inst Engn & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Longowal, India. RP Madan, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jatinder.madan@gmail.com FU All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) [8023/BOR/RID/RPS-146/2008-09]; HGI Automotives Pvt. Ltd. Faridabad, India; Rockman Industries Ltd., Ludhiana, India FX This paper was part of the research project titled 'Automated Design of Die from part Product Model'. Authors are thankful to All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) which has funded this project under Research Proposal Scheme vide Grant no. 8023/BOR/RID/RPS-146/2008-09 dated March 12, 2009 to the Mechanical Engineering Department of SLIET, Longowal, Punjab, India. Authors are also thankful to HGI Automotives Pvt. Ltd. Faridabad, India and Rockman Industries Ltd., Ludhiana, India, for their cooperation and support in the present research work. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 BP 346 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.rcim.2013.02.002 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA 173LJ UT WOS:000321080700007 ER PT J AU Gjerde, KM Currie, D Wowk, K Sack, K AF Gjerde, Kristina M. Currie, Duncan Wowk, Kateryna Sack, Karen TI Ocean in peril: Reforming the management of global ocean living resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE High seas; Governance; Regional fisheries management organizations; Conservation; Compliance; Enforcement ID FISHERIES; FUTURE; FISH AB This article presents the outcome of research aimed at assisting governments in meeting their commitments and legal obligations for sustainable fisheries, based on increasing evidence that global fisheries are in crisis. The article assesses the effectiveness of the existing legal and institutional framework for high seas living resources. It focuses on: (1) the role of regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs); (2) tools for compliance and enforcement to stem illegal fishing; and (3) mechanisms for habitat protection. The article further highlights a variety of options for addressing key weaknesses and gaps in current ocean governance, including United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions, reforms at the regional level, as well as a possible new legal instrument, with a view to informing international discussions on ways to ensure the sustainable use of high seas resources without compromising the health of the marine environment. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gjerde, Kristina M.] IUCN Global Marine & Polar Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Currie, Duncan] Globelaw, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Wowk, Kateryna] NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Gjerde, KM (reprint author), IUCN Global Marine & Polar Program, 105 Irving St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kgjerde@eip.com.pl; duncanc@globelaw.com; katya.wowk@gmail.com; ksack@pewtrusts.org FU Kaplan Foundation; Pew Charitable Trusts FX The authors are grateful to Michael Lodge, Deputy to the Secretary-General, International Seabed Authority, for constructive suggestions and contributions to the preparation of this article. Any remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors. We write in our personal capacity, and any views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the Pew Environment Group or the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This is a contribution arising out of two meetings organised by the International Programme on the State of the Ocean (IPSO) and held at Somerville College, University of Oxford. These were the International Earth System Expert Workshop on Ocean Stresses and Impacts held on the, 11-13th April, 2011 and the International Earth System Expert Workshop on Integrated Solutions for Synergistic Ocean Stresses and Impacts, 2nd4th April, 2012. These meetings were supported by the Kaplan Foundation and the Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP 30 PY 2013 VL 74 IS 2 BP 540 EP 551 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.037 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 257WK UT WOS:000327418300006 PM 23968992 ER PT J AU Chung, KH Chen, AK Anderton, CR Bhadriraju, K Plant, AL Bush, BG Cook, RF DelRio, FW AF Chung, Koo-Hyun Chen, Antony K. Anderton, Christopher R. Bhadriraju, Kiran Plant, Anne L. Bush, Brian G. Cook, Robert F. DelRio, Frank W. TI Frictional properties of native and functionalized type I collagen thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; FIBRONECTIN CONFORMATION; CELL ATTACHMENT; CALIBRATION; BINDING; CONTACT; FIBRILS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Frictional properties of native and fibronectin (FN)-functionalized type I collagen (COL) thin films were studied via atomic force microscopy. The COL lateral contact stiffness was dependent only on the hydration state, indicating that shear deformation was invariant with FN. In contrast, the COL coefficient of friction and shear strength varied with both functionalization and hydration state. The changes in shear strength were found to correlate well with changes in mean cell spread area on the same thin films, suggesting that shear strength is a better indicator of cell spreading than heretofore considerations of film, and thus extracellular matrix, stiffness alone. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Chung, Koo-Hyun] Univ Ulsan, Sch Mech Engn, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. [Chen, Antony K.; Anderton, Christopher R.; Bhadriraju, Kiran; Plant, Anne L.; Bush, Brian G.; Cook, Robert F.; DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Antony K.] Peking Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Anderton, Christopher R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov RI CHEN, ANTONY/N-3460-2013; Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI CHEN, ANTONY/0000-0002-4105-9741; Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean Government (MSIP) [2011-0014367] FX K.H.C. acknowledges financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (No. 2011-0014367). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 14 AR 143703 DI 10.1063/1.4824685 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 232IZ UT WOS:000325488500128 ER PT J AU Hanson, D Hoover, S Crites, A Ade, PAR Aird, KA Austermann, JE Beall, JA Bender, AN Benson, BA Bleem, LE Bock, JJ Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Chiang, HC Cho, HM Conley, A Crawford, TM de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Everett, W Gallicchio, J Gao, J George, EM Halverson, NW Harrington, N Henning, JW Hilton, GC Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Huang, N Hubmayr, J Irwin, KD Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, E Li, D Liang, C Luong-Van, D Marsden, G McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mocanu, L Montroy, TE Natoli, T Nibarger, JP Novosad, V Padin, S Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Schulz, B Smecher, G Stark, AA Story, KT Tucker, C Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Viero, MP Wang, G Yefremenko, V Zahn, O Zemcov, M AF Hanson, D. Hoover, S. Crites, A. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Austermann, J. E. Beall, J. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bock, J. J. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Chiang, H. C. Cho, H-M. Conley, A. Crawford, T. M. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Everett, W. Gallicchio, J. Gao, J. George, E. M. Halverson, N. W. Harrington, N. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Huang, N. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. Li, D. Liang, C. Luong-Van, D. Marsden, G. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. Montroy, T. E. Natoli, T. Nibarger, J. P. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Schulz, B. Smecher, G. Stark, A. A. Story, K. T. Tucker, C. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Viero, M. P. Wang, G. Yefremenko, V. Zahn, O. Zemcov, M. CA SPTpol Collaboration TI Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER SPECTRA; GRAVITY-WAVES; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE; CMB AB Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background generates a curl pattern in the observed polarization. This "B-mode" signal provides a measure of the projected mass distribution over the entire observable Universe and also acts as a contaminant for the measurement of primordial gravity-wave signals. In this Letter we present the first detection of gravitational lensing B modes, using first-season data from the polarization-sensitive receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPTpol). We construct a template for the lensing B-mode signal by combining E-mode polarization measured by SPTpol with estimates of the lensing potential from a Herschel-SPIRE map of the cosmic infrared background. We compare this template to the B modes measured directly by SPTpol, finding a nonzero correlation at 7.7 sigma significance. The correlation has an amplitude and scale dependence consistent with theoretical expectations, is robust with respect to analysis choices, and constitutes the first measurement of a powerful cosmological observable. C1 [Hanson, D.; Bender, A. N.; de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.; Smecher, G.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Hoover, S.; Crites, A.; Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Chiang, H. C.; Crawford, T. M.; Gallicchio, J.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E.; Liang, C.; Luong-Van, D.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Natoli, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hoover, S.; Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Crites, A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Leitch, E.; Liang, C.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Aird, K. A.; Hrubes, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Cho, H-M.; Conley, A.; Everett, W.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.] Univ Colorado, CASA, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Cho, H-M.; Gao, J.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Story, K. T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Padin, S.; Schulz, B.; Vieira, J. D.; Viero, M. P.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Zemcov, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [George, E. M.; Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Huang, N.; Lee, A. T.; Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marsden, G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Novosad, V.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Schulz, B.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hanson, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; NSF [PHY-1125897, 0959620, AST-0956135]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF 947]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Lorne Trottier Chair program in Astrophysics and Cosmology at McGill; CITA National Fellowship program; NASA Hubble Fellowship [HF-51275] FX The SPT is supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. ANT-0638937, with partial support provided by NSF Grant No. PHY-1125897. Support for the development and construction of SPTpol were provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF 947 to the University of Chicago, a gift from the Kavli Foundation, and NSF Grant No. 0959620. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. It also used resources of the CLUMEQ supercomputing consortium, part of the Compute Canada network. Research at Argonne National Laboratory and use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs Program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. The C. U. Boulder group acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. AST-0956135. We thank P. Hargrave at Cardiff University for antireflection coating the SPTpol lens, A. Datesman for his work on TES detectors at Argonne, R. Divan for microfabrication support at Argonne, and the members of the Truce Collaboration for their efforts in the design of the 150 GHz polarization detectors, in particular D. Becker, J. Britton, M. D. Niemack, and K. W. Yoon at NIST. We thank M. Lueker, T. Plagge, Z. Staniszewski, E. Shirokoff, H. Spieler, and R. Williamson for their considerable contributions to the SPT program. D. H. was supported by the Lorne Trottier Chair program in Astrophysics and Cosmology at McGill and by the CITA National Fellowship program. R. K. acknowledges support from NASA Hubble Fellowship Grant No. HF-51275. NR 50 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 14 AR 141301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 230TO UT WOS:000325366100001 PM 24138230 ER PT J AU Shen, BW DeMaria, M Li, JLF Cheung, S AF Shen, B. -W. DeMaria, M. Li, J. -L. F. Cheung, S. TI Genesis of Hurricane Sandy (2012) simulated with a global mesoscale model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Sandy; genesis predictability; global mesoscale model; MJO; multiscale interactions; easterly wave ID TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; PREDICTABILITY; PACIFIC; FLOW AB In this study, we investigate the formation predictability of Hurricane Sandy (2012) with a global mesoscale model. We first present five track and intensity forecasts of Sandy initialized at 00Z 22-26 October 2012, realistically producing its movement with a northwestward turn prior to its landfall. We then show that three experiments initialized at 00Z 16-18 October captured the genesis of Sandy with a lead time of up to 6days and simulated reasonable evolution of Sandy's track and intensity in the next 2day period of 18Z 21-23 October. Results suggest that the extended lead time of formation prediction is achieved by realistic simulations of multiscale processes, including (1) the interaction between an easterly wave and a low-level westerly wind belt (WWB) and (2) the appearance of the upper-level trough at 200hPa to Sandy's northwest. The low-level WWB and upper-level trough are likely associated with a Madden-Julian Oscillation. C1 [Shen, B. -W.] UMCP ESSIC, College Pk, MD USA. [Shen, B. -W.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [DeMaria, M.] NOAA NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Li, J. -L. F.] CalTech JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. [Cheung, S.] NASA ARC, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Shen, BW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Ct 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bo-wen.shen-1@nasa.gov RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 FU NASA ESTO Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) program; NASA Computational Modeling Algorithms and Cyberinfrastructure (CMAC) program FX We are grateful for support from the NASA ESTO Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) program and NASA Computational Modeling Algorithms and Cyberinfrastructure (CMAC) program. We would also like to thank reviewers for valuable comments, D. Ellsworth for scientific, insightful visualizations, and K. Massaro, J. Pillard, and J. Dunbar for proofreading this manuscript. Acknowledgment is also made to the NASA HEC Program, the NAS Division, and the NCCS for the computer resources used in this research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 18 BP 4944 EP 4950 DI 10.1002/grl.50934 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 233IU UT WOS:000325562600029 ER PT J AU Kaganovskiy, L Lau, JW Khizroev, S Litvinov, D AF Kaganovskiy, Leon Lau, June W. Khizroev, Sakhrat Litvinov, Dmitri TI Influence of a low anisotropy grain on magnetization reversal in polycrystalline bit-patterned media SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We compute the switching field in a disk-shaped polycrystalline exchange-coupled bit (similar material to those found in bit-patterned media (BPM)) with micromagnetics, by varying physical parameters of a test grain. It was found that the size and the anisotropy of the test grain have substantial effects on the switching field, while its location has only minor influence. Scaling of the bit and the test grain dimensions result in similar switching properties. Switching field was reduced when the number of the low anisotropy test grains increased. Additionally, it was established that the intergranular exchange coupling needs to be at least 10% of the intragrain exchange for the bit to behave as one exchange-coupled entity. This investigation provides some insights for optimizing the material microstructure for the BPM application. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kaganovskiy, Leon] Touro Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 11230 USA. [Lau, June W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Khizroev, Sakhrat] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Litvinov, Dmitri] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Litvinov, Dmitri] Univ Houston, Ctr Integrated Bio & Nano Syst, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Kaganovskiy, L (reprint author), Touro Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 11230 USA. EM leonkag@gmail.com; june.lau@nist.gov; khizroev@fiu.edu; litvinov@uh.edu FU NSF [ECCS-0926027, CMMI-0927786, ECCS-0702752] FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grants ECCS-0926027, CMMI-0927786, and ECCS-0702752, and with the resources of the Center for Integrated Bio and Nanosystems. The authors would like to thank Dr. Dieter Weller of Hitachi GST for fruitful discussions. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 12 AR 123909 DI 10.1063/1.4822315 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 231CR UT WOS:000325391100036 ER PT J AU Wu, MM Wang, C Sun, Y Chu, LH Yan, J Chen, DF Huang, QZ Lynn, JW AF Wu, Meimei Wang, Cong Sun, Ying Chu, Lihua Yan, Jun Chen, Dongfeng Huang, Qingzhen Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Magnetic structure and lattice contraction in Mn3NiN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; MANGANESE AB The nuclear and magnetic structures of the cubic antiperovskite compound Mn3NiN are studied using neutron powder diffraction as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. On cooling in zero field from the paramagnetic state, an anomalous lattice expansion abruptly occurs as the long range antiferromagnetic order first develops below T-N = 262 K. The magnetic structure has lower symmetry than the crystal and can be conveniently described by a rhombohedral R-3 symmetry with dimension of root 2a(c) x root 2a(c) x root 3a(c), where a(c) is the chemical unit cell. In this description, the magnetic moment of the Mn is restricted to the a-b plane, but continuously rotates from 90 degrees to around 38 degrees as the temperature decreases to approximate to 120 K, below which the spin directions remain fixed. The combined magnetic and structural transition exhibits a very large magnetovolume effect with an entropy change of Delta S approximate to 54 J/kg K, but the application of a 6 T magnetic field has little effect on the magnetic structure or entropy change. The crystallographic results indicate that the properties can be tailored by small changes in the composition and site vacancies, and the results enrich the understanding of the magnetostrictive effects in antiperovskites. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wu, Meimei; Chen, Dongfeng] China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. [Wang, Cong; Sun, Ying; Chu, Lihua; Yan, Jun] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, MM (reprint author), China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. EM mmwu@ciae.ac.cn; congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51172012, 91122026] FX The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51172012 and 91122026). The authors thank D. A. Neumann and A. Santoro (NIST) for very constructive discussions. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 12 AR 123902 DI 10.1063/1.4822023 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 231CR UT WOS:000325391100029 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ Estupinan, EG Henins, A Lapatovich, WP Shastri, SD Hardis, JE AF Curry, J. J. Estupinan, E. G. Henins, A. Lapatovich, W. P. Shastri, S. D. Hardis, J. E. TI Enhancement of lanthanide evaporation by complexation: Dysprosium tri-iodide mixed with indium iodide and thulium tri-iodide mixed with thallium iodide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALIDE VAPORS; LAMPS AB The vapors in equilibrium with condensates of DyI3, DyI3/InI, TmI3, and TmI3/TlI were observed over the temperature range from 900 K to 1400 K using x-ray induced fluorescence. The total densities of each element (Dy, Tm, In, Tl, and I) in the vapor, summed over all atomic and molecular species, were determined. Dramatic enhancements in the total vapor densities of Dy and Tm were observed in the vapors over DyI3/InI and TmI3/TlI as compared to the vapors over pure DyI3 and pure TmI3, respectively. An enhancement factor exceeding 10 was observed for Dy at T approximate to 1020 K, decreasing to 0 at T approximate to 1250 K. An enhancement factor exceeding 20 was observed for Tm at T approximate to 1040 K, decreasing to 0 at T approximate to 1300 K. Such enhancements are expected from the formation of the vapor-phase hetero-complexes DyInI4 and TmTlI4. Numerical simulations of the thermochemical equilibrium suggest the importance of additional complexes in liquid phases. A description of the measurement technique is given. Improvements in the absolute calibration lead to an approximately 40% correction to previously reported preliminary results. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Curry, J. J.; Henins, A.; Hardis, J. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Estupinan, E. G.] OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Lapatovich, W. P.] Walter Lapatovich Consulting, Boxford, MA 01921 USA. [Shastri, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Steve Hansen of Anderson Physical Labs for helpful suggestions; the management of OSRAM SYLVANIA for supporting this project; our OSRAM SYLVANIA colleagues Joanne Browne, Victor Perez, Jeff Neil, Michael Quilici, and John Kelso for their expert technical assistance; Ali Mashayekhi and Roger Ranay of the Advanced Photon Source for their help on the beamline. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 12 AR 124310 DI 10.1063/1.4821828 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231DA UT WOS:000325392000061 PM 24089770 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Kenaley, CP AF Stevenson, Duane E. Kenaley, Christopher P. TI Revision of the Manefish Genera Caristius and Platyberyx (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Caristiidae), with Descriptions of Five New Species SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA FISHES; GROENLANDICUS JENSEN; RECORDS; WATERS; CHECKLIST AB The family Caristiidae, commonly known as manefishes or veilfins, includes several species of mesopelagic, oceanic fishes found throughout the major ocean basins of the world. We present herein the second part of our revision of the family, including all of the "large-mouth" species, which are distinguished from other members of the family by having a narrow suborbital space and a long upper jaw that extends to mid-orbit or beyond and which is visible externally, not covered by the thin bones of the suborbital series. This group, which is comprised of the genera Platyberyx and Caristius, is described in full, including descriptions of five new species. The genus Platyberyx, which includes six species, three of which are newly described, is distinguished from all other caristiid genera by the presence of a conspicuous lateral line with large scales. The genus Caristius, with four species, two of which are newly described, is distinguished from Platyberyx by the absence of a conspicuous lateral line and by the presence of serrated ventral caudal-fin rays. Species in both genera are distinguished from each other on the basis of meristics, morphometrics, dentition, and gill-raker morphology. Most of the species described here are relatively widespread; species of Platyberyx appear to be more common in the Atlantic basin, while Caristius is more common in the Pacific. C1 [Stevenson, Duane E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kenaley, Christopher P.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov; ckenaley@fas.harvard.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 27 PY 2013 IS 3 BP 415 EP 434 DI 10.1643/CI-12-086 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG2WM UT WOS:000335277800007 ER PT J AU Levy, ME Zhang, RY Khalizov, AF Zheng, J Collins, DR Glen, CR Wang, Y Yu, XY Luke, W Jayne, JT Olaguer, E AF Levy, Misti E. Zhang, Renyi Khalizov, Alexei F. Zheng, Jun Collins, Don R. Glen, Crystal R. Wang, Yuan Yu, Xiao-Ying Luke, Winston Jayne, John T. Olaguer, Eduardo TI Measurements of submicron aerosols in Houston, Texas during the 2009 SHARP field campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICLE MASS ANALYZER; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; BLACK-CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; SULFURIC-ACID; MIXING STATE; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; MOBILITY RELATIONSHIP C1 [Levy, Misti E.; Zhang, Renyi; Khalizov, Alexei F.; Zheng, Jun; Collins, Don R.; Glen, Crystal R.; Wang, Yuan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zheng, Jun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Glen, Crystal R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Yu, Xiao-Ying] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Luke, Winston] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jayne, John T.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA USA. [Olaguer, Eduardo] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX USA. RP Zhang, RY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM renyi-zhang@tamu.edu RI Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013; Levy, Misti/G-8660-2014; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Khalizov, Alexei/E-9024-2010; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109; Levy, Misti/0000-0002-4832-7753; Khalizov, Alexei/0000-0003-3817-7568; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 FU Houston Advanced Research Center (HACR); Robert A. Welch Foundation [A-1417] FX This project was supported by the Houston Advanced Research Center (HACR) and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (A-1417). We were grateful to B. Thomas Jobson of Washington State University for providing the VOC measurements by PTR-MS and Barry Lefer of University of Houston for CO, SO2, and O3 measurements discussed in our analysis. NR 103 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 18 BP 10518 EP 10534 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50785 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239LJ UT WOS:000326025200008 ER PT J AU Feingold, G McComiskey, A Rosenfeld, D Sorooshian, A AF Feingold, Graham McComiskey, Allison Rosenfeld, Daniel Sorooshian, Armin TI On the relationship between cloud contact time and precipitation susceptibility to aerosol SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DRIZZLE FORMATION; CUMULUS CLOUDS; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATIONS; MICROPHYSICS; CONVECTION; RAIN C1 [Feingold, Graham; McComiskey, Allison] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McComiskey, Allison] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rosenfeld, Daniel] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU DOE/ASR Program; NOAA/NSF Climate Process Team; ONR [N00014-10-1-0811] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of our dear friend, colleague and mentor, Shalva Tzivion (Tzitzvashvili), the primary architect of Tel Aviv University's bin microphysical scheme (the TAU method of moments). G.F., A.M., and D.R. were funded by the DOE/ASR Program. G.F. and A.M. acknowledge support from the NOAA/NSF Climate Process Team (PI: V. Larson). A.S. acknowledges support from ONR grant N00014-10-1-0811. We thank R. Wood for useful discussions. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 18 BP 10544 EP 10554 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50819 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239LJ UT WOS:000326025200014 ER PT J AU Vicars, WC Morin, S Savarino, J Wagner, NL Erbland, J Vince, E Martins, JMF Lerner, BM Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ Williams, EJ Brown, SS AF Vicars, W. C. Morin, S. Savarino, J. Wagner, N. L. Erbland, J. Vince, E. Martins, J. M. F. Lerner, B. M. Quinn, P. K. Coffman, D. J. Williams, E. J. Brown, S. S. TI Spatial and diurnal variability in reactive nitrogen oxide chemistry as reflected in the isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate: Results from the CalNex 2010 field study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; ANOMALY DELTA-O-17; DENITRIFIER METHOD; BROMINE CHEMISTRY; AEROSOL NITRATE; NITRYL CHLORIDE C1 [Vicars, W. C.; Savarino, J.; Erbland, J.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, UMR 5183, Grenoble, France. [Morin, S.] CEN, Meteofrance CNRS, CNRM, GAME,UMR 3589, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Wagner, N. L.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wagner, N. L.; Lerner, B. M.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Vince, E.; Martins, J. M. F.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, G INP,IRD,LTHE,UMR 5564, Grenoble, France. [Quinn, P. K.; Coffman, D. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vicars, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Alpine & Arctic Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM william.c.vicars@colorado.edu RI Morin, Samuel/E-8005-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Savarino, Joel/H-9730-2012; Martins, Jean/B-2715-2008; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Morin, Samuel/0000-0002-1781-687X; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Savarino, Joel/0000-0002-6708-9623; Martins, Jean/0000-0003-0314-1311; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU European Community [237890]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through the OPALE project [NT09-451281]; LEFE-CHAT, a scientific program of the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU/CNRS) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication. The authors would also like to thank Becky Alexander (University of Washington) and several anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and comments on this work. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 237890. The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) is also acknowledged for its financial support through the OPALE project (contract NT09-451281). LEFE-CHAT, a scientific program of the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU/CNRS), has also provided partial funding for this study. NR 111 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 18 BP 10567 EP 10588 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50680 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239LJ UT WOS:000326025200023 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Liu, XM Tan, LQ Jiang, LD Son, S Shi, W Rausch, K Voss, K AF Wang, Menghua Liu, Xiaoming Tan, Liqin Jiang, Lide Son, SeungHyun Shi, Wei Rausch, Kameron Voss, Kenneth TI Impacts of VIIRS SDR performance on ocean color products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-ICE PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INFRARED BANDS; MODIS; SEAWIFS; CALIBRATION; COASTAL C1 [Wang, Menghua; Liu, Xiaoming; Tan, Liqin; Jiang, Lide; Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Xiaoming; Tan, Liqin; Jiang, Lide; Son, SeungHyun; Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rausch, Kameron] Aerosp Corp, Earth & Climate Sci Directorate, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Voss, Kenneth] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Liu, Xiaoming/F-5571-2010; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX The work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) funding. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. We thank the MOBY team for providing the in situ data. The MODIS-Aqua data were from NASA OBPG ocean color website. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 76 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 18 BP 10347 EP 10360 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50793 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239LJ UT WOS:000326025200015 ER PT J AU Tobin, D Revercomb, H Knuteson, R Taylor, J Best, F Borg, L DeSlover, D Martin, G Buijs, H Esplin, M Glumb, R Han, Y Mooney, D Predina, J Strow, L Suwinski, L Wang, LK AF Tobin, David Revercomb, Henry Knuteson, Robert Taylor, Joe Best, Fred Borg, Lori DeSlover, Dan Martin, Graeme Buijs, Henry Esplin, Mark Glumb, Ronald Han, Yong Mooney, Daniel Predina, Joe Strow, Larrabee Suwinski, Lawrence Wang, Likun TI Suomi-NPP CrIS radiometric calibration uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUNDER; INTERFEROMETER; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; DESIGN; SPACE; AIRS C1 [Tobin, David; Revercomb, Henry; Knuteson, Robert; Taylor, Joe; Best, Fred; Borg, Lori; DeSlover, Dan; Martin, Graeme] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Buijs, Henry] ABB Analyt Measurement Prod, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Esplin, Mark] Space Dynam Lab, North Logan, UT USA. [Glumb, Ronald; Predina, Joe; Suwinski, Lawrence] Exelis Inc, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Han, Yong; Wang, Likun] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Mooney, Daniel] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Strow, Larrabee] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Catonsville, MD USA. RP Tobin, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dave.tobin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office [NA10NES4400013]; Integrated Program Office; NASA Suomi-NPP Science Team grant [NNX11AK21G] FX This research was supported by the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office under grant NA10NES4400013, by the former Integrated Program Office, and by NASA Suomi-NPP Science Team grant NNX11AK21G. The authors would like to extend their thanks to the NASA Atmospheres Product Evaluation and Analysis Tools Elements and Community Satellite Processing Package teams at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for various data access and data processing efforts that contributed to results presented here. IASI L1C data and IDPS generated CrIS data were obtained from NOAA's Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System, and AIRS L1B data were obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 18 BP 10589 EP 10600 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50809 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239LJ UT WOS:000326025200022 ER PT J AU Mielke, LH Stutz, J Tsai, C Hurlock, SC Roberts, JM Veres, PR Froyd, KD Hayes, PL Cubison, MJ Jimenez, JL Washenfelder, RA Young, CJ Gilman, JB de Gouw, JA Flynn, JH Grossberg, N Lefer, BL Liu, J Weber, RJ Osthoff, HD AF Mielke, L. H. Stutz, J. Tsai, C. Hurlock, S. C. Roberts, J. M. Veres, P. R. Froyd, K. D. Hayes, P. L. Cubison, M. J. Jimenez, J. L. Washenfelder, R. A. Young, C. J. Gilman, J. B. de Gouw, J. A. Flynn, J. H. Grossberg, N. Lefer, B. L. Liu, J. Weber, R. J. Osthoff, H. D. TI Heterogeneous formation of nitryl chloride and its role as a nocturnal NOx reservoir species during CalNex-LA 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE; N2O5 REACTIVITY; UPTAKE COEFFICIENTS; URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; AQUEOUS AEROSOLS; GASEOUS N2O5; AIR-QUALITY C1 [Mielke, L. H.; Osthoff, H. D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Stutz, J.; Tsai, C.; Hurlock, S. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Roberts, J. M.; Veres, P. R.; Froyd, K. D.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Veres, P. R.; Froyd, K. D.; Hayes, P. L.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Young, C. J.; Gilman, J. B.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Flynn, J. H.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Liu, J.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Osthoff, HD (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM hosthoff@ucalgary.ca RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948 FU California Air Resources Board (CARB) [08-318]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0931492, ATM-0802237]; CARB [08-319, 11-305]; DOE (BER, ASR Program) [DE-SC0006035]; CIRES Visiting Fellowship; NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA's Climate Goal FX The authors are grateful for logistical support by the California Institute of Technology and for financial support by the California Air Resources Board (CARB, contract 08-318). The authors thank J. Surratt and J. Seinfeld for co-organizing the Caltech Supersite. The CIMS used to measure ClNO2 in this study was purchased using Canada's National and Engineering Research Council's Research Tools and Instruments program (NSERC RTI). R.J.W. was supported by National Science Foundation grants ATM-0931492 and ATM-0802237. P.L.H. and J.L.J. were supported by CARB 08-319 and 11-305, DOE (BER, ASR Program) DE-SC0006035, and a CIRES Visiting Fellowship to P.L.H. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 78 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 18 BP 10638 EP 10652 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50783 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239LJ UT WOS:000326025200005 ER PT J AU Yan, B Moses, SA Gadway, B Covey, JP Hazzard, KRA Rey, AM Jin, DS Ye, J AF Yan, Bo Moses, Steven A. Gadway, Bryce Covey, Jacob P. Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Rey, Ana Maria Jin, Deborah S. Ye, Jun TI Observation of dipolar spin-exchange interactions with lattice-confined polar molecules SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SIMULATOR; OPTICAL LATTICE; MAGNETISM AB With the production of polar molecules in the quantum regime(1,2), long-range dipolar interactions are expected to facilitate understanding of strongly interacting many-body quantum systems and to realize lattice spin models(3) for exploring quantum magnetism. In ordinary atomic systems, where contact interactions require wavefunction overlap, effective spin interactions on a lattice can be mediated by tunnelling, through a process referred to as superexchange; however, the coupling is relatively weak and is limited to nearest-neighbour interactions(4,5). In contrast, dipolar interactions exist even in the absence of tunnelling and extend beyond nearest neighbours. This allows coherent spin dynamics to persist even for gases with relatively high entropy and low lattice filling. Measured effects of dipolar interactions in ultracold molecular gases have been limited to the modification of inelastic collisions and chemical reactions(6,7). Here we use dipolar interactions of polar molecules pinned in a three-dimensional optical lattice to realize a lattice spin model. Spin is encoded in rotational states of molecules that are prepared and probed by microwaves. Resonant exchange of rotational angular momentum between two molecules realizes a spin-exchange interaction. The dipolar interactions are apparent in the evolution of the spin coherence, which shows oscillations in addition to an overall decay of the coherence. The frequency of these oscillations, the strong dependence of the spin coherence time on the lattice filling factor and the effect of a multipulse sequence designed to reverse dynamics due to two-body exchange interactions all provide evidence of dipolar interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the suppression of loss in weak lattices due to a continuous quantum Zeno mechanism(8). Measurements of these tunnelling-induced losses allow us to determine the lattice filling factor independently. Our work constitutes an initial exploration of the behaviour of many-body spin models with direct, long-range spin interactions and lays the groundwork for future studies of many-body dynamics in spin lattices. C1 [Yan, Bo; Moses, Steven A.; Gadway, Bryce; Covey, Jacob P.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yan, Bo; Moses, Steven A.; Gadway, Bryce; Covey, Jacob P.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yan, Bo; Moses, Steven A.; Gadway, Bryce; Covey, Jacob P.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria; Jin, Deborah S.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554; FU NIST; NSF; AFOSR-ARO (MURI); ARO; DOE; ARO-DARPA-OLE; NDSEG FX We thank B. Zhu, M. Foss-Feig, G. Quemener and M. Lukin for discussions. We acknowledge funding for this work from the NIST, NSF, AFOSR-ARO (MURI), ARO, DOE and ARO-DARPA-OLE. S. A. M. is supported by an NDSEG Graduate Fellowship. B. G. and K. R. A. H. are National Research Council postdoctoral fellows. K. R. A. H. and A. M. R. thank the KITP for hospitality. NR 33 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 9 U2 71 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 26 PY 2013 VL 501 IS 7468 BP 521 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12483 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 223RP UT WOS:000324826300052 PM 24048478 ER PT J AU Christensen, BG McCusker, KT Altepeter, JB Calkins, B Gerrits, T Lita, AE Miller, A Shalm, LK Zhang, Y Nam, SW Brunner, N Lim, CCW Gisin, N Kwiat, PG AF Christensen, B. G. McCusker, K. T. Altepeter, J. B. Calkins, B. Gerrits, T. Lita, A. E. Miller, A. Shalm, L. K. Zhang, Y. Nam, S. W. Brunner, N. Lim, C. C. W. Gisin, N. Kwiat, P. G. TI Detection-Loophole-Free Test of Quantum Nonlocality, and Applications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION-ENTANGLED PHOTONS; HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; BELLS-INEQUALITY; LOCAL REALISM; VIOLATION; COUNTER; PAIRS AB We present a source of entangled photons that violates a Bell inequality free of the "fair-sampling" assumption, by over 7 standard deviations. This violation is the first reported experiment with photons to close the detection loophole, and we demonstrate enough "efficiency" overhead to eventually perform a fully loophole-free test of local realism. The entanglement quality is verified by maximally violating additional Bell tests, testing the upper limit of quantum correlations. Finally, we use the source to generate "device-independent" private quantum random numbers at rates over 4 orders of magnitude beyond previous experiments. C1 [Christensen, B. G.; McCusker, K. T.; Altepeter, J. B.; Kwiat, P. G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Calkins, B.; Gerrits, T.; Lita, A. E.; Miller, A.; Shalm, L. K.; Zhang, Y.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, A.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Zhang, Y.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brunner, N.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Brunner, N.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Lim, C. C. W.; Gisin, N.] Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Christensen, BG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bgchris2@illinois.edu OI Lim, Charles Ci Wen/0000-0002-2332-4126 FU DARPA InPho program; U.S. Army Research Office Award [W911NF-10-1-0395]; NSF PHY [12-05870]; NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative; Swiss NSF [PP00P2 138917]; EU chist-era project DIQIP; Swiss NCCR-QSIT FX This research was supported by the DARPA InPho program, U.S. Army Research Office Award No. W911NF-10-1-0395, NSF PHY 12-05870, the NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative, the Swiss NSF (No. PP00P2 138917), the EU chist-era project DIQIP, and the Swiss NCCR-QSIT. The data reported in this Letter are available in Ref. [39]. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Manny Knill. NR 37 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 26 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 13 AR 130406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.130406 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 230SY UT WOS:000325364300001 PM 24116754 ER PT J AU Ke, X Birol, T Misra, R Lee, JH Kirby, BJ Schlom, DG Fennie, CJ Freeland, JW AF Ke, X. Birol, T. Misra, R. Lee, J. -H. Kirby, B. J. Schlom, D. G. Fennie, C. J. Freeland, J. W. TI Structural control of magnetic anisotropy in a strain-driven multiferroic EuTiO3 thin film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITES; INSIGHTS; FIELD AB Octahedral distortion plays a key role in engineering the physical properties of heterostructures composed of perovskite oxides. We observe a strong in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in a strain-enabled multiferroic EuTiO3 thin film epitaxially grown on a (110)(o) DyScO3 substrate. First-principles calculations show that the magnetic anisotropy is closely correlated with the uniaxial TiO6 octahedral tilting and the ferroelectric polarization of the film, indicating potential strong magnetoelectric coupling in the strain-engineered multiferroic system. C1 [Ke, X.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ke, X.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Birol, T.; Fennie, C. J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Misra, R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Misra, R.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lee, J. -H.; Freeland, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, J. -H.; Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schlom, D. G.] Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ke, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ke@pa.msu.edu RI Birol, Turan/D-1948-2012 OI Birol, Turan/0000-0001-5174-3320 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE; US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE-BES [DESCOO02334]; NSF MRSEC program [DMR-0820404] FX We are grateful for useful discussions with Professor Peter E. Schiffer. X. K. acknowledges the support from the start-up funds at Michigan State University. Work at ORNL was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE, and work at Argonne is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. T. B. and C.J.F. were supported by the DOE-BES under Grant No. DESCOO02334. R. M., J.H.L., and D. G. S. were supported by the NSF MRSEC program (DMR-0820404). NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 64 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 26 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 9 AR 094434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.094434 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 225BW UT WOS:000324938400001 ER PT J AU Hangarter, CM Debnath, R Ha, JY Sahiner, MA Reehil, CJ Manners, WA Josell, D AF Hangarter, Carlos M. Debnath, Ratan Ha, Jong Y. Sahiner, Mehmet A. Reehil, Christopher J. Manners, William A. Josell, Daniel TI Photocurrenit Mapping of 3D CdSe/CdTe Windowless Solar Cells SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE back contact; CdSe; CdTe; photovoltaic; 3D solar cells; SPCM ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; SURFACE PASSIVATION; CDTE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEVICES AB This paper details the use of scanning photocurrent microscopy to examine localized current collection efficiency of thin-film photovoltaic devices with in-plane patterning at a submicrometer length scale. The devices are based upon two interdigitated comb electrodes at the micrometer length scale prepatterned on a substrate, with CdSe electrodeposited on one electrode and CdTe deposited over the entire surface of the resulting structure by pulsed laser deposition. Photocurrent maps provide information on what limits the performance of the windowless CdSe/CdTe thin-film photovoltaic devices, revealing "dead zones" particularly above the electrodes contacting the CdTe which is interpreted as recombination over the back contact. Additionally, the impact of ammonium sulfide passivation is examined, which enables device efficiency to reach 4.3% under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination. C1 [Hangarter, Carlos M.; Debnath, Ratan; Ha, Jong Y.; Josell, Daniel] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Debnath, Ratan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Debnath, Ratan] N5 Sensors Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ha, Jong Y.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sahiner, Mehmet A.; Reehil, Christopher J.; Manners, William A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012 OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903; FU NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship at the University of Maryland, College Park; Cottrell Research Corporation [CC6405]; NSF [DMI 0420952] FX RD acknowledges the financial support of a NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship at the University of Maryland, College Park. The patterned substrates for the PV devices were fabricated in the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. MAS's work has been supported by Cottrell Research Corporation, Award CC6405, and NSF DMI 0420952. The authors thank Daniel V. Esposito for sharing his expertise with SPCM. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD SEP 25 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 18 BP 9120 EP 9127 DI 10.1021/am402507f PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 294BD UT WOS:000330016500041 PM 23968397 ER PT J AU Wineland, DJ AF Wineland, David J. TI Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrodinger's Cat (Nobel Lecture) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ion traps; Nobel lecture; quantum clock; quantum computing; Schrodinger's cat ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; ZERO-POINT ENERGY; QUANTUM JUMPS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SINGLE-ATOM; PROJECTION NOISE; MOTIONAL STATES; HYDROGEN MASER C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.wineland@nist.gov NR 165 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 39 BP 10179 EP 10189 DI 10.1002/anie.201303404 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 282AG UT WOS:000329141800002 PM 23939875 ER PT J AU Zhang, BS Seaberg, MD Adams, DE Gardner, DF Shanblatt, ER Shaw, JM Chao, WL Gullikson, EM Salmassi, F Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Zhang, Bosheng Seaberg, Matthew D. Adams, Daniel E. Gardner, Dennis F. Shanblatt, Elisabeth R. Shaw, Justin M. Chao, Weilun Gullikson, Eric M. Salmassi, Farhad Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. TI Full field tabletop EUV coherent diffractive imaging in a transmission geometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHASE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; IN-LINE HOLOGRAPHY; ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS; NM RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON; RECONSTRUCTION; GENERATION; ALLOW AB We demonstrate the first general tabletop EUV coherent microscope that can image extended, non-isolated, non-periodic, objects. By implementing keyhole coherent diffractive imaging with curved mirrors and a tabletop high harmonic source, we achieve improved efficiency of the imaging system as well as more uniform illumination at the sample, when compared with what is possible using Fresnel zone plates. Moreover, we show that the unscattered light from a semi-transparent sample can be used as a holographic reference wave, allowing quantitative information about the thickness of the sample to be extracted from the retrieved image. Finally, we show that excellent tabletop image fidelity is achieved by comparing the retrieved images with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy images, and show superior capabilities in some cases. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Bosheng; Seaberg, Matthew D.; Adams, Daniel E.; Gardner, Dennis F.; Shanblatt, Elisabeth R.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chao, Weilun; Gullikson, Eric M.; Salmassi, Farhad] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, BS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Bosheng.Zhang@colorado.edu RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Zhang, Bosheng/F-6122-2016 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Zhang, Bosheng/0000-0001-7027-833X FU National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology; NSF IGERT program FX We thank David Alchenberger for assistance in acquiring the AFM image and Paul Rice for use of the focused ion beam system. We also gratefully acknowledge support from a National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship and from the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology. M. Seaberg, D. Gardner, and E. Shanblatt acknowledge support from an NSF IGERT program. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 19 BP 21970 EP 21980 DI 10.1364/OE.21.021970 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 233DY UT WOS:000325547200025 PM 24104090 ER PT J AU Kuo, PS Slattery, O Kim, YS Pelc, JS Fejer, MM Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Slattery, Oliver Kim, Yong-Su Pelc, Jason S. Fejer, M. M. Tang, Xiao TI Spectral response of an upconversion detector and spectrometer SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; INFRARED SPECTROMETER; FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; NOISE; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY AB We investigate the spectral response of an upconversion detector theoretically and experimentally, and discuss implications for its use as an infrared spectrometer. Upconversion detection is based on high-conversion-efficiency, sum-frequency generation (SFG). The spectral selectivity of an upconversion spectrometer is determined by the SFG spectral response function. This function changes with varying pump power. Working at maximum internal conversion efficiency is desirable for high sensitivity of the system, but the spectral response function is different at this pump power compared to the response function at low power. We calculate the theoretical spectral response of the upconversion detector as a function of pump power and obtain excellent agreement with upconversion spectra measured in a periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Kim, Yong-Su; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pelc, Jason S.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paulina.kuo@nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 19 BP 22523 EP 22531 DI 10.1364/OE.21.022523 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 233DY UT WOS:000325547200076 PM 24104141 ER PT J AU Calkins, B Mennea, PL Lita, AE Metcalf, BJ Kolthammer, WS Lamas-Linares, A Spring, JB Humphreys, PC Mirin, RP Gates, JC Smith, PGR Walmsley, IA Gerrits, T Nam, SW AF Calkins, Brice Mennea, Paolo L. Lita, Adriana E. Metcalf, Benjamin J. Kolthammer, W. Steven Lamas-Linares, Antia Spring, Justin B. Humphreys, Peter C. Mirin, Richard P. Gates, James C. Smith, Peter G. R. Walmsley, Ian A. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo TI High quantum-efficiency photon-number-resolving detector for photon icon-chip information processing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; BRAGG GRATINGS; CIRCUITS AB The integrated optical circuit is a promising architecture for the realization of complex quantum optical states and information networks. One element that is required for many of these applications is a high-efficiency photon detector capable of photon-number discrimination. We present an integrated photonic system in the telecom band at 1550 nm based on UV-written silica-on-silicon waveguides and modified transition-edge sensors capable of number resolution and over 40 % efficiency. Exploiting the mode transmission failure of these devices, we multiplex three detectors in series to demonstrate a combined 79 % +/- 2 % detection efficiency with a single pass, and 88 % +/- 3 % at the operating wavelength of an on-chip terminal reflection grating. Furthermore, our optical measurements clearly demonstrate no significant unexplained loss in this system due to scattering or reflections. This waveguide and detector design therefore allows the placement of number-resolving single-photon detectors of predictable efficiency at arbitrary locations within a photonic circuit - a capability that offers great potential for many quantum optical applications. C1 [Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana E.; Lamas-Linares, Antia; Mirin, Richard P.; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Metcalf, Benjamin J.; Kolthammer, W. Steven; Spring, Justin B.; Humphreys, Peter C.; Walmsley, Ian A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Mennea, Paolo L.; Gates, James C.; Smith, Peter G. R.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Highfield SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Calkins, B (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brice.calkins@nist.gov RI Smith, Peter/D-5951-2016; OI Smith, Peter/0000-0003-0319-718X; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU NIST Quantum Information Initiative; EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) [GR/S82176/01]; EU IP (Integrated Project) Q-ESSENCE (Quantum Interfaces, sensors, and communication based on entanglement) FX This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative and by the EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) (grant no. GR/S82176/01), EU IP (Integrated Project) Q-ESSENCE (Quantum Interfaces, sensors, and communication based on entanglement). IAW acknowledges a Royal Society/Wolfson Research Merit Award. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 48 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 19 BP 22657 EP 22670 DI 10.1364/OE.21.022657 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 233DY UT WOS:000325547200088 PM 24104153 ER PT J AU DelRio, FW Friedman, LH Gaither, MS Osborn, WA Cook, RF AF DelRio, Frank W. Friedman, Lawrence H. Gaither, Michael S. Osborn, William A. Cook, Robert F. TI Decoupling small-scale roughness and long-range features on deep reactive ion etched silicon surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; THETA-LIKE SPECIMENS; MICROMACHINED SURFACES; EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; ADHESION; FRACTURE; SI(111); PLASMA AB A methodology to decouple irregular small-scale roughness and regular long-range features on deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) silicon surfaces is presented. Height-height correlations of three different DRIE silicon surfaces are evaluated via atomic force microscopy height data and fit to an analytic, five-parameter model based on a phenomenological scaling function for the small-scale roughness and a Bessel function for the long-range features. The resulting roughness parameters are constant for all three surfaces at small lateral length scales, indicating self-affine roughness inherent to the DRIE process, but dependent on the etch process at large lateral length scales, increasing by a factor of five as the controlled portion of the DRIE process decreased. The results from the analysis are also compared to fracture strengths from recently introduced "theta" test samples with the same etch features as an example of the potential of the analysis in providing an unbiased assessment of the processing-structure-property relationships for DRIE silicon surfaces. C1 [DelRio, Frank W.; Friedman, Lawrence H.; Gaither, Michael S.; Osborn, William A.; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DelRio, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov RI Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012; Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011 OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 11 AR 113506 DI 10.1063/1.4821899 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 223RU UT WOS:000324827200019 ER PT J AU Jiang, LD Wang, MH AF Jiang, Lide Wang, Menghua TI Identification of pixels with stray light and cloud shadow contaminations in the satellite ocean color data processing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; SEA-ICE PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; MODIS; SEAWIFS; CALIBRATION; BANDS; AQUA AB A new flag/masking scheme has been developed for identifying stray light and cloud shadow pixels that significantly impact the quality of satellite-derived ocean color products. Various case studies have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the new cloud contamination flag/masking scheme on ocean color products derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP). These include direct visual assessments, detailed quantitative case studies, objective statistic analyses, and global image examinations and comparisons. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multisensor Level-1 to Level-2 (NOAA-MSL12) ocean color data processing system has been used in the study. The new stray light and cloud shadow identification method has been shown to outperform the current stray light flag in both valid data coverage and data quality of satellite-derived ocean color products. In addition, some cloud-related flags from the official VIIRS-SNPP data processing software, i.e., the Interface Data Processing System (IDPS), have been assessed. Although the data quality with the IDPS flags is comparable to that of the new flag implemented in the NOAA-MSL12 ocean color data processing system, the valid data coverage from the IDPS is significantly less than that from the NOAA-MSL12 using the new stray light and cloud shadow flag method. Thus, the IDPS flag/masking algorithms need to be refined and modified to reduce the pixel loss, e.g., the proposed new cloud contamination flag/masking can be implemented in IDPS VIIRS ocean color data processing. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Jiang, Lide; Wang, Menghua] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jiang, Lide] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX The work was supported by the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) funding. We thank the MOBY team for providing the in situ data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 27 BP 6757 EP 6770 DI 10.1364/AO.52.006757 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 223IO UT WOS:000324798100016 PM 24085175 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Bai, XN Armitage, PJ Stone, JM Beckwith, K AF Simon, Jacob B. Bai, Xue-Ning Armitage, Philip J. Stone, James M. Beckwith, Kris TI TURBULENCE IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. II. STRONG ACCRETION DRIVEN BY A VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); protoplanetary disks; turbulence ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; T TAURI STARS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL-INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; RIEMANN SOLVER; IDEAL MHD AB We carry out a series of local, vertically stratified shearing box simulations of protoplanetary disks that include ambipolar diffusion and a net vertical magnetic field. The ambipolar diffusion profiles we employ correspond to 30 AU and 100 AU in a minimum mass solar nebula (MMSN) disk model, which consists of a far-ultraviolet-ionized surface layer and low-ionization disk interior. These simulations serve as a follow-up to Simon et al., in which we found that without a net vertical field, the turbulent stresses that result from the magnetorotational instability (MRI) are too weak to account for observed accretion rates. The simulations in this work show a very strong dependence of the accretion stresses on the strength of the background vertical field; as the field strength increases, the stress amplitude increases. For a net vertical field strength (quantified by beta(0), the ratio of gas to magnetic pressure at the disk mid-plane) of beta(0) = 10(4) and beta(0) = 10(5), we find accretion rates M similar to 10(-8)-10(-7) M-circle dot yr(-1). These accretion rates agree with observational constraints, suggesting a vertical magnetic field strength of similar to 60-200 mu G and 10-30 mu G at 30 AU and 100 AU, respectively, in a MMSN disk. Furthermore, the stress has a non-negligible component due to a magnetic wind. For sufficiently strong vertical field strengths, MRI turbulence is quenched, and the flow becomes largely laminar, with accretion proceeding through large-scale correlations in the radial and toroidal field components as well as through the magnetic wind. In all simulations, the presence of a low-ionization region near the disk mid-plane, which we call the ambipolar damping zone, results in reduced stresses there. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.; Beckwith, Kris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.; Beckwith, Kris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bai, Xue-Ning] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stone, James M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jbsimon@jila.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G, NNX13AI58G, HST-AR-12814, NAS 5-26555]; HST grant [HST-AR-12814.03-A]; Tech-X Corp., Boulder, CO; National Science Foundation [AST-0908269, CNS-0821794]; Space Telescope Science Institute; NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-51301.01-A]; National Institute for Computational Sciences through XSEDE grant [TG-AST120062]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank Andrew Youdin, Sean O'Neill, and Matt Kunz for useful discussions and suggestions regarding this work. J.B.S., P.J.A., and K.B. acknowledge support from NASA through grants NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G, and NNX13AI58G. K.B. also acknowledges funding support from HST grant HST-AR-12814.03-A and from Tech-X Corp., Boulder, CO. X.N.B. and J.M.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0908269. P.J.A. acknowledges support from NASA under grant HST-AR-12814 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute. X.N.B. acknowledges support from program number HST-HF-51301.01-A provided by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contact NAS 5-26555. This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Kraken and Nautilus at the National Institute for Computational Sciences through XSEDE grant TG-AST120062. This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 58 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2013 VL 775 IS 1 AR 73 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/73 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 220VU UT WOS:000324615800073 ER PT J AU Marques, AC Maronna, MM Collins, AG AF Marques, Antonio C. Maronna, Maximiliano M. Collins, Allen G. TI Putting GenBank Data on the Map SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Marques, Antonio C.; Maronna, Maximiliano M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Marques, AC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM marques@ib.usp.br RI Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; OI Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Maronna, Maximiliano/0000-0002-2590-639X NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 20 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6152 BP 1341 EP 1341 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 220PK UT WOS:000324597200018 PM 24052287 ER PT J AU Costa, BM Battista, TA AF Costa, B. M. Battista, T. A. TI The semi-automated classification of acoustic imagery for characterizing coral reef ecosystems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID OBJECT-ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MAP ACCURACY; PUERTO-RICO; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; ECOLOGY AB Coral reef habitat maps describe the spatial distribution and abundance of tropical marine resources, making them essential for ecosystem-based approaches to planning and management. Typically, these habitat maps have been created from optical and acoustic remotely sensed imagery using manual, pixel- and object-based classification methods. However, past studies have shown that none of these classification methods alone are optimal for characterizing coral reef habitats for multiple management applications because the maps they produce (1) are not synoptic, (2) are time consuming to develop, (3) have low thematic resolutions (i.e. number of classes), or (4) have low overall thematic accuracies. To address these deficiencies, a novel, semi-automated object- and pixel-based technique was applied to multibeam echo sounder imagery to determine its utility for characterizing coral reef ecosystems. This study is not a direct comparison of these different methods but rather, a first attempt at applying a new classification technique to acoustic imagery. This technique used a combination of principal components analysis, edge-based segmentation, and Quick, Unbiased, and Efficient Statistical Trees (QUEST) to successfully partition the acoustic imagery into 35 distinct combinations of (1) major and (2) detailed geomorphological structure, (3) major and (4) detailed biological cover, and (5) live coral cover types. Thematic accuracies for these classes (corrected for proportional bias) were as follows: (1) 95.7%, (2) 88.7%, (3) 95.0%, (4) 74.0%, and (5) 88.3%, respectively. Approximately half of the habitat polygons were manually edited (hence the name semi-automated') due to a combination of mis-classifications by QUEST and noise in the acoustic data. While this method did not generate a map that was entirely reproducible, it does show promise for increasing the amount of automation with which thematically accurate benthic habitat maps can be generated from acoustic imagery. C1 [Costa, B. M.; Battista, T. A.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Costa, B. M.] Consolidated Safety Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Costa, BM (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bryan.costa@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Funding for this study was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program. This study would not have been possible without the numerous people who shared their data, information, and time throughout this process. We appreciate the support of US National Park Service staff, the crew and officers on board the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ship Nancy Foster, as well as many scientists at the NOAA's National Undersea Research Program, and National Marine Fisheries Service. Also, many thanks to Randy Clark for helping to collect GV and validation data in the field, to Laurie Bauer for conducting the accuracy assessment, and to Larry Mayer, Andrew Armstrong, Roger Parsons, Matthew Kendall, Charles Menza, and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 80 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 18 SI SI BP 6389 EP 6422 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.800661 PG 34 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174QN UT WOS:000321170600007 ER PT J AU Pe'eri, S McLeod, A Lavoie, P Ackerman, S Gardner, J Parrish, C AF Pe'eri, Shachak McLeod, Andy Lavoie, Paul Ackerman, Seth Gardner, James Parrish, Christopher TI Field calibration and validation of remote-sensing surveys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE AB The Optical Collection Suite (OCS) is a ground-truth sampling system designed to perform in situ measurements that help calibrate and validate optical remote-sensing and swath-sonar surveys for mapping and monitoring coastal ecosystems and ocean planning. The OCS system enables researchers to collect underwater imagery with real-time feedback, measure the spectral response, and quantify the water clarity with simple and relatively inexpensive instruments that can be hand-deployed from a small vessel. This article reviews the design and performance of the system, based on operational and logistical considerations, as well as the data requirements to support a number of coastal science and management projects. The OCS system has been operational since 2009 and has been used in several ground-truth missions that overlapped with airborne lidar bathymetry (ALB), hyperspectral imagery (HSI), and swath-sonar bathymetric surveys in the Gulf of Maine, southwest Alaska, and the US Virgin Islands (USVI). Research projects that have used the system include a comparison of backscatter intensity derived from acoustic (multibeam/interferometric sonars) versus active optical (ALB) sensors, ALB bottom detection, and seafloor characterization using HSI and ALB. C1 [Pe'eri, Shachak; McLeod, Andy; Lavoie, Paul; Gardner, James] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ackerman, Seth] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parrish, Christopher] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pe'eri, S (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM shachak@ccom.unh.edu FU UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center grant [NA05NOS4001153] FX The authors wish to thank captains of the research vessels Chocheco and Osprey, Emily Terry, and Ian Lundgren, and the NOAA field operation officers, and their survey team on board the NOAA survey vessel Rainier for allowing us to use their vessels for this study. The authors would also wish to thank Pete Dartnell from the USGS, Menlo Park, CA, and the anonymous reviewers who have improved the article through their constructive suggestions. This project was funded from the UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center grant NA05NOS4001153. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 20 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 18 SI SI BP 6423 EP 6436 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.800655 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 174QN UT WOS:000321170600008 ER PT J AU De Jesus, LR Dennis, RV Depner, SW Jaye, C Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF De Jesus, Luis R. Dennis, Robert V. Depner, Sean W. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Inside and Outside: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Mapping of Chemical Domains in Graphene Oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITE OXIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; REDUCTION; SHEETS; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; STATES AB The oxidative chemistry of graphite has been investigated for over 150 years and has attracted renewed interest given the importance of exfoliated graphene oxide as a precursor to chemically derived graphene. However, the bond connectivities, steric orientations, and spatial distribution of functional groups remain to be unequivocally determined for this highly inhomogeneous nonstoichiometric material. Here, we demonstrate the application of principal component analysis to scanning transmission X-ray microscopy data for the construction of detailed real space chemical maps of graphene oxide. These chemical maps indicate very distinct functionalization motifs at the edges and interiors and, in conjunction with angle-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, enable determination of the spatial location and orientations of functional groups. Chemical imaging of graphene oxide provides experimental validation of the modified Lerf-Klinowski structural model. Specifically, we note increased contributions from carboxylic acid moieties at edge sites with epoxide and hydroxyl species dominant within the interior domains. C1 [De Jesus, Luis R.; Dennis, Robert V.; Depner, Sean W.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Research Council Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Province of Saskatchewan; Western Economic Diversification Canada; University of Saskatchewan FX Certain commercial names are presented in this Letter for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by NIST. We acknowledge Dr Jian Wang and Dr. Chithra Karunakaran at beam-line 10ID1 of the Canadian Light Source for support and assistance with STXM data collection. We are furthermore grateful to Dr. Vincent Lee from McMaster University for helpful discussions. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. A portion of the research described in this Letter was performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Province of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 26 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 18 BP 3144 EP 3151 DI 10.1021/jz401717j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 294BZ UT WOS:000330018700020 PM 26705577 ER PT J AU Held, IM AF Held, Isaac M. TI CLIMATE SCIENCE The cause of the pause SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; OCEAN HEAT UPTAKE; HIATUS C1 [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Held, IM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 90 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 19 PY 2013 VL 501 IS 7467 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219XT UT WOS:000324545700024 PM 24048060 ER PT J AU Anderson, BM Spielman, IB Juzeliunas, G AF Anderson, Brandon M. Spielman, I. B. Juzeliunas, Gediminas TI Magnetically Generated Spin-Orbit Coupling for Ultracold Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; GASES; LATTICE; FIELDS AB We present a new technique for producing two- and three-dimensional Rashba-type spin-orbit couplings for ultracold atoms without involving light. The method relies on a sequence of pulsed inhomogeneous magnetic fields imprinting suitable phase gradients on the atoms. For sufficiently short pulse durations, the time-averaged Hamiltonian well approximates the Rashba Hamiltonian. Higher order corrections to the energy spectrum are calculated exactly for spin-1/2 and perturbatively for higher spins. The pulse sequence does not modify the form of rotationally symmetric atom-atom interactions. Finally, we present a straightforward implementation of this pulse sequence on an atom chip. C1 [Anderson, Brandon M.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Brandon M.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Juzeliunas, Gediminas] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Anderson, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM brandona@umd.edu OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-082/2012]; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO with fund from Atomtronics MURI; ARO with fund from DARPA's OLE Program FX This work was initiated at the Nordita workshop "Pushing the Boundaries of Cold Atoms." G. J. acknowledges the financial support by the Lithuanian Research Council Project No. MIP-082/2012. I. B. S. and B. M. A. acknowledge the financial support by the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. Helpful discussions with B. Blakie, A. Eckardt, M. Foss-Feig, S.-C. Gou, H. Pu, J. Ruseckas, L. Santos, V. Shenoy, U. Schneider, and R. Wilson are gratefully acknowledged. NR 60 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 12 AR 125301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.125301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 219WS UT WOS:000324542900008 PM 24093271 ER PT J AU Slacum, W Benaka, L AF Slacum, Ward Benaka, Lee TI AFS Talks Climate Change and Fisheries on Capitol Hill SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Slacum, Ward] Versar, Columbia, MD USA. [Benaka, Lee] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Slacum, W (reprint author), Versar, Columbia, MD USA. EM Lee.Benaka@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP 17 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 9 BP 393 EP 394 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.828043 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 213GF UT WOS:000324042600004 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI Connecting the Habitat Dots: Perceptions and Expectations SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP 17 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 9 BP 399 EP + DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.828040 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 213GF UT WOS:000324042600006 ER PT J AU Hershberger, P Rhodes, L Kurath, G Winton, J AF Hershberger, Paul Rhodes, Linda Kurath, Gael Winton, James TI Infectious Diseases of Fishes in the Salish Sea SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS; CLUPEA-HARENGUS-PALLASI; NORTH-AMERICAN STRAIN; ERYTHROCYTIC NECROSIS; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; LAKE-MICHIGAN AB As in marine regions throughout other areas of the world, fishes in the Salish Sea serve as hosts for many pathogens, including nematodes, trematodes, protozoans, protists, bacteria, viruses, and crustaceans. Here, we review some of the better-documented infectious diseases that likely contribute to significant losses among free-ranging fishes in the Salish Sea and discuss the environmental and ecological factors that may affect the population-level impacts of disease. Demonstration of these diseases and their impacts to critical and endangered resources provides justification to expand pathogen surveillance efforts and to incorporate disease forecasting and mitigation tools into ecosystem restoration efforts. C1 [Hershberger, Paul] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Rhodes, Linda] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Kurath, Gael; Winton, James] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hershberger, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, 616 Marrowstone Point Rd, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. EM phershberger@usgs.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP 17 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 9 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.826202 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 213GF UT WOS:000324042600008 ER PT J AU Lu, X Chu, XZ Fuller-Rowell, T Chang, LR Fong, WC Yu, ZB AF Lu, Xian Chu, Xinzhao Fuller-Rowell, Tim Chang, Loren Fong, Weichun Yu, Zhibin TI Eastward propagating planetary waves with periods of 1-5 days in the winter Antarctic stratosphere as revealed by MERRA and lidar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE eastward propagating planetary waves; winter Antarctic stratosphere; jet instability; Eliassen-Palm flux; Fe Boltzmann lidar; MERRA ID 4-DAY WAVE; POLAR STRATOSPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SOUTH-POLE; MESOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS AB This study presents the first report of planetary wave (PW) influences on significant temperature perturbations (10-20 K) within a course of one day detected by an Fe lidar from 35 to 51 km in the austral winter of 2011 at McMurdo (77.8 degrees S, 166.7 degrees E), Antarctica. Such large temperature perturbations are captured in the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data and correspond to various phases of eastward propagating PWs with periods of 1-5days as revealed in MERRA. The strongest PW dominating the temperature perturbations has a period of 4-5days with wavenumber -1. A 2-day wave with wavenumber -2 and a 1.25-day wave with wavenumber -3 also have significant influences. We find that these eastward propagating PWs are highly confined to winter high latitudes, likely because negative refractive indices equatorward of similar to 45 degrees S result in evanescent wave characteristics and prevent the PWs from propagating to lower latitudes. The Eliassen-Palm flux divergence and instability analyses suggest that barotropic/baroclinic instability at 50 degrees S-60 degrees S induced by the stratospheric polar night jet and/or the double-jet structure is the most likely wave source. Such instability in the region poleward of 70 degrees S is a complementary source for the 4-day wave, where we find that the heat flux of the 4-day wave is large and transported from similar to 70 degrees S toward the pole above 40km. This transport direction is likely linked to the meridional gradient of background temperature. The migrating diurnal tide near 78 degrees S in the upper stratosphere is discernable, but significantly smaller than that of the dominant 4-day wave. C1 [Lu, Xian; Chu, Xinzhao; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Fong, Weichun; Yu, Zhibin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chu, Xinzhao; Fong, Weichun; Yu, Zhibin] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Chang, Loren] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. RP Lu, X (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Box 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM xian.lu@colorado.edu RI Lu, Xian/A-2980-2015; Chang, Loren/G-3722-2015; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015 OI Lu, Xian/0000-0002-2535-8151; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963 FU NSF [ANT-0839091]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program FX We sincerely acknowledge Wentao Huang, John A. Smith, Zhangjun Wang, Cao Chen, Brendan R. Roberts, and Chester S. Gardner for their contributions to the McMurdo lidar campaign. We appreciate Adrian J. McDonald and the staff of United States Antarctic Program, McMurdo Station, Antarctica New Zealand, and Scott Base for their support. The McMurdo lidar project was supported by NSF grant ANT-0839091. X. L. sincerely acknowledges the generous support of the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program (http://cires.Colorado.edu/collaboration/fellowships/). MERRA data used in this study have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 17 BP 9565 EP 9578 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50717 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JH UT WOS:000325489300020 ER PT J AU Justice, CO Roman, MO Csiszar, I Vermote, EF Wolfe, RE Hook, SJ Friedl, M Wang, ZS Schaaf, CB Miura, T Tschudi, M Riggs, G Hall, DK Lyapustin, AI Devadiga, S Davidson, C Masuoka, EJ AF Justice, Christopher O. Roman, Miguel O. Csiszar, Ivan Vermote, Eric F. Wolfe, Robert E. Hook, Simon J. Friedl, Mark Wang, Zhuosen Schaaf, Crystal B. Miura, Tomoaki Tschudi, Mark Riggs, George Hall, Dorothy K. Lyapustin, Alexei I. Devadiga, Sadashiva Davidson, Carol Masuoka, Edward J. TI Land and cryosphere products from Suomi NPP VIIRS: Overview and status SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE satellite remote sensing; VIIRS; land surface; infrared; visible; global change research ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ALBEDO; REFLECTANCE; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; COVER; EMISSIVITY; MODELS; BRDF AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument was launched in October 2011 as part of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP). The VIIRS instrument was designed to improve upon the capabilities of the operational Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and provide observation continuity with NASA's Earth Observing System's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Since the VIIRS first-light images were received in November 2011, NASA- and NOAA-funded scientists have been working to evaluate the instrument performance and generate land and cryosphere products to meet the needs of the NOAA operational users and the NASA science community. NOAA's focus has been on refining a suite of operational products known as Environmental Data Records (EDRs), which were developed according to project specifications under the National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System. The NASA S-NPP Science Team has focused on evaluating the EDRs for science use, developing and testing additional products to meet science data needs, and providing MODIS data product continuity. This paper presents to-date findings of the NASA Science Team's evaluation of the VIIRS land and cryosphere EDRs, specifically Surface Reflectance, Land Surface Temperature, Surface Albedo, Vegetation Indices, Surface Type, Active Fires, Snow Cover, Ice Surface Temperature, and Sea Ice Characterization. The study concludes that, for MODIS data product continuity and earth system science, an enhanced suite of land and cryosphere products and associated data system capabilities are needed beyond the EDRs currently available from the VIIRS. C1 [Justice, Christopher O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20782 USA. [Roman, Miguel O.; Vermote, Eric F.; Wolfe, Robert E.; Devadiga, Sadashiva; Davidson, Carol; Masuoka, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Hook, Simon J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Friedl, Mark] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wang, Zhuosen; Schaaf, Crystal B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Wang, Zhuosen; Schaaf, Crystal B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Miura, Tomoaki] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tschudi, Mark] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riggs, George] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Riggs, George; Hall, Dorothy K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lyapustin, Alexei I.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Devadiga, Sadashiva; Davidson, Carol] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Justice, CO (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20782 USA. EM justice@hermes.geog.umd.edu; miguel.o.roman@nasa.gov RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Miura, Tomoaki/B-5805-2008; Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 17 BP 9753 EP 9765 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50771 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JH UT WOS:000325489300033 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, A Engelen, RJ Kawa, SR Sweeney, C Michalak, AM AF Chatterjee, Abhishek Engelen, Richard J. Kawa, Stephan R. Sweeney, Colm Michalak, Anna M. TI Background error covariance estimation for atmospheric CO2 data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE background error covariance matrix; variational data assimilation; atmospheric CO2; spatial and temporal CO2 variations; GOSAT CO2; NMC method ID INFRARED SATELLITE RADIANCES; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYSTEM; STATISTICS; TRANSPORT; MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; SINKS; SPECTROMETER AB In any data assimilation framework, the background error covariance statistics play the critical role of filtering the observed information and determining the quality of the analysis. For atmospheric CO2 data assimilation, however, the background errors cannot be prescribed via traditional forecast or ensemble-based techniques as these fail to account for the uncertainties in the carbon emissions and uptake, or for the errors associated with the CO2 transport model. We propose an approach where the differences between two modeled CO2 concentration fields, based on different but plausible CO2 flux distributions and atmospheric transport models, are used as a proxy for the statistics of the background errors. The resulting error statistics: (1) vary regionally and seasonally to better capture the uncertainty in the background CO2 field, and (2) have a positive impact on the analysis estimates by allowing observations to adjust predictions over large areas. A state-of-the-art four-dimensional variational (4D-VAR) system developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is used to illustrate the impact of the proposed approach for characterizing background error statistics on atmospheric CO2 concentration estimates. Observations from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite IBUKI (GOSAT) are assimilated into the ECMWF 4D-VAR system along with meteorological variables, using both the new error statistics and those based on a traditional forecast-based technique. Evaluation of the four-dimensional CO2 fields against independent CO2 observations confirms that the performance of the data assimilation system improves substantially in the summer, when significant variability and uncertainty in the fluxes are present. C1 [Chatterjee, Abhishek] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chatterjee, Abhishek; Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Engelen, Richard J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Kawa, Stephan R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chatterjee, A (reprint author), NCAR Boulder, Data Assimilat Res Sect, Boulder, CO USA. EM abhishek@ucar.edu RI Chatterjee, Abhishek/E-6296-2017 OI Chatterjee, Abhishek/0000-0002-3680-0160 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX09AO10H, NNX12AB90G]; European Commission through the MACC [218793] FX The authors thank Derek Posselt, Peter Adriaens and three anonymous reviewers for fruitful comments and discussions regarding this work, the many people at ECMWF who helped build the tracer data assimilation system, and partners within the GEMS and MACC projects. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through Earth System Science Fellowship for Abhishek Chatterjee, under grant NNX09AO10H. Additional support was provided through NASA grant NNX12AB90G. The work of Richard Engelen was funded through the MACC project, which is funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Research Framework Programme, contract 218793. The work of Stephan Kawa was supported through the NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space opportunities. TCCON data were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology from the website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/. Finally, the GOSAT-ACOS data were produced by the ACOS/OCO-2 project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and obtained from the ACOS/OCO-2 data archive maintained at the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center. NR 68 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 17 BP 10140 EP 10154 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50654 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JH UT WOS:000325489300005 ER PT J AU VandenBoer, TC Brown, SS Murphy, JG Keene, WC Young, CJ Pszenny, AAP Kim, S Warneke, C de Gouw, JA Maben, JR Wagner, NL Riedel, TP Thornton, JA Wolfe, DE Dube, WP Ozturk, F Brock, CA Grossberg, N Lefer, B Lerner, B Middlebrook, AM Roberts, JM AF VandenBoer, Trevor C. Brown, Steven S. Murphy, Jennifer G. Keene, William C. Young, Cora J. Pszenny, A. A. P. Kim, S. Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost A. Maben, John R. Wagner, Nicholas L. Riedel, Theran P. Thornton, Joel A. Wolfe, Daniel E. Dube, William P. Ozturk, Fatma Brock, Charles A. Grossberg, Nicole Lefer, Barry Lerner, Brian Middlebrook, Ann M. Roberts, James M. TI Understanding the role of the ground surface in HONO vertical structure: High resolution vertical profiles during NACHTT-11 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitrous acid (HONO); vertical gradients; surface depostion; OH source ID NITROUS-ACID HONO; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NI-PT-CIMS; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; OH RADICALS; NITRIC-ACID; HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; PHOTOENHANCED UPTAKE; SULFURIC-ACID AB A negative-ion proton-transfer chemical ionization mass spectrometer was deployed on a mobile tower-mounted platform during Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT) to measure nitrous acid (HONO) in the winter of 2011. High resolution vertical profiles revealed (i) HONO gradients in nocturnal boundary layers, (ii) ground surface dominates HONO production by heterogeneous uptake of NO2, (iii) significant quantities of HONO may be deposited to the ground surface at night, (iv) daytime gradients indicative of ground HONO production or emission, and (v) an estimated surface HONO reservoir comparable or larger than integrated daytime HONO surface production. Nocturnal integrated column observations of HONO and NO2 allowed direct evaluation of nocturnal ground surface uptake coefficients for these species (gamma(NO2, surf)=2x10(-6) to 1.6x10(-5) and gamma(HONO, surf)=2x10(-5) to 2x10(-4)). A chemical model showed that the unknown source of HONO was highest in the morning, 4x10(6)moleculescm(-3)s(-1) (600pptvh(-1)), declined throughout the day, and minimized near 1x10(6)moleculescm(-3)s(-1) (165pptvh(-1)). The quantity of surface-deposited HONO was also modeled, showing that HONO deposited to the surface at night was at least 25%, and likely in excess of 100%, of the calculated unknown daytime HONO source. These results suggest that if nocturnally deposited HONO forms a conservative surface reservoir, which can be released the following day, a significant fraction of the daytime HONO source can be explained for the NACHTT observations. C1 [VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Murphy, Jennifer G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Brown, Steven S.; Young, Cora J.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Wolfe, Daniel E.; Dube, William P.; Brock, Charles A.; Lerner, Brian; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Roberts, James M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Keene, William C.; Maben, John R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Young, Cora J.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Wolfe, Daniel E.; Dube, William P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pszenny, A. A. P.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Riedel, Theran P.; Thornton, Joel A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ozturk, Fatma] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Bolu, Turkey. [Grossberg, Nicole; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP VandenBoer, TC (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. EM tvandenboer@mun.ca RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program; National Science Foundation [ANT-1041187, ANT-1041049]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank everyone who helped make NACHTT possible and specifically Gerhard Hubler and Eric Williams for organizing site logistics and the elevator operation. We acknowledge the use of the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO), Bruce Bartram of the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, and Roya Bahreini of NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES, for their help in conducting the measurements at the BAO. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. Financial support was also provided by the National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (ANT-1041187) and the University of New Hampshire (ANT-1041049). T. C. VandenBoer acknowledges funding for this work from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Canada Graduate Scholarship and Michael Smith Foreign Study award. NR 94 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 10 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 17 BP 10155 EP 10171 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50721 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JH UT WOS:000325489300001 ER PT J AU Li, W Ni, B Thorne, RM Bortnik, J Green, JC Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB AF Li, W. Ni, B. Thorne, R. M. Bortnik, J. Green, J. C. Kletzing, C. A. Kurth, W. S. Hospodarsky, G. B. TI Constructing the global distribution of chorus wave intensity using measurements of electrons by the POES satellites and waves by the Van Allen Probes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chorus distribution; electron precipitation ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; RADIATION BELTS; PITCH-ANGLE; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; SCATTERING AB We adopt a physics-based technique to infer chorus wave amplitudes from the low-altitude electron population (30-100keV) measured by multiple Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES), which provide extensive coverage over a broad region in L-shell and magnetic local time (MLT). This technique is validated by analyzing conjunction events between the Van Allen Probes measuring chorus wave amplitudes near the equator and POES satellites measuring the 30-100keV electron population at the conjugate low altitudes. We apply this technique to construct the chorus wave distributions during the 8-9 October storm in 2012 and demonstrate that the inferred chorus wave amplitudes agree reasonably well with conjugate measurements of chorus wave amplitudes from the Van Allen Probes. The evolution of the chorus wave intensity inferred from low-altitude electron measurements can provide real-time global estimates of the chorus wave intensity, which cannot be obtained from in situ chorus wave measurements by equatorial satellites alone, but is crucial in quantifying radiation belt electron dynamics. C1 [Li, W.; Ni, B.; Thorne, R. M.; Bortnik, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Green, J. C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 7127 Math Sci Bldg,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM moonli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Li, Wen/F-3722-2011; OI Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878 FU JHU/APL [967399, 921647]; NASA's prime [NAS5-01072]; EMFISIS sub-award [1001057397:01]; NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX13AI61G] FX This work was supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS sub-award 1001057397:01, NASA grants NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, and NNX13AI61G. We thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto for providing SYM-H, AU and AL index used in this study. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 17 BP 4526 EP 4532 DI 10.1002/grl.50920 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 232JP UT WOS:000325490300010 ER PT J AU McGillen, MR Fleming, EL Jackman, CH Burkholder, JB AF McGillen, Max R. Fleming, Eric L. Jackman, Charles H. Burkholder, James B. TI CFCl3 (CFC-11): UV absorption spectrum temperature dependence measurements and the impact on its atmospheric lifetime and uncertainty SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ozone depleting substance; photolysis; chlorofluorocarbon; UV cross section ID ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; CHLOROMETHANES; METHANES AB CFCl3 (CFC-11) is both an atmospheric ozone-depleting and potent greenhouse gas that is removed primarily via stratospheric UV photolysis. Uncertainty in the temperature dependence of its UV absorption spectrum is a significant contributing factor to the overall uncertainty in its global lifetime and, thus, model calculations of stratospheric ozone recovery and climate change. In this work, the CFC-11 UV absorption spectrum was measured over a range of wavelength (184.95-230nm) and temperature (216-296K). We report a spectrum temperature dependence that is less than that currently recommended for use in atmospheric models. The impact on its atmospheric lifetime was quantified using a 2-D model and the spectrum parameterization developed in this work. The calculated global annually averaged lifetime was 58.1 +/- 0.7 years (2 sigma uncertainty due solely to the spectrum uncertainty). The lifetime is slightly reduced and the uncertainty significantly reduced from that obtained using current UV spectrum recommendations. C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McGillen, Max R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.; Jackman, Charles H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fleming, Eric L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; FU NOAAs Climate Goal; NASAs Atmospheric Composition Program Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by NOAAs Climate Goal and NASAs Atmospheric Composition Program Laboratory Studies and Modeling and Analysis Programs. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 17 BP 4772 EP 4776 DI 10.1002/grl.50915 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 232JP UT WOS:000325490300056 ER PT J AU Mathis, JT Questel, JM AF Mathis, Jeremy T. Questel, Jennifer M. TI Assessing seasonal changes in carbonate parameters across small spatial gradients in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Western Arctic Ocean; Carbonate system; CO2 fluxes; Ocean acidification ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; INORGANIC CARBON; ACIDIFICATION; WATER AB Observations of the marine carbonate system were made in 2010 in the northeastern Chukchi Sea to constrain the seasonal progression of carbonate mineral saturation states (Omega) throughout the water column and determine the air sea flux of carbon dioxide (CO2). As sea ice retreats from the Chukchi Shelf, primary production consumes dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the euphotic zone causing pH and carbonate mineral saturation states to increase. Throughout the summer and early autumn months of 2010, saturation states for calcite and aragonite ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 and 1.5 to 2.5, respectively, well about the saturation horizon of 1.0. Much of the organic matter produced during the bloom was vertically exported from the relatively small study area leading to an uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere of at least 340,000 kg-C. The exported organic matter settled near the bottom and was remineralized back into DIC, causing concentrations to increase sharply, particularly in autumn months, driving down pH to as low as 7.75 and suppressing the concentrations of important carbonate minerals to the point that aragonite became undersaturated. The data showed a definitive seasonal progression of this process with aragonite becoming partially undersaturated along the bottom in September, and broadly undersaturated in October. While carbonate saturation states would naturally be suppressed by the high rates of export production and the accumulation of DIC near the bottom, the penetration of anthropogenic CO2 into the water column (ocean acidification) has caused these observed undersaturations, which will likely expand as CO2 levels in the atmosphere continue to rise in the coming decades. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mathis, Jeremy T.; Questel, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mathis, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeremy.mathis@noaa.gov FU Conoco Phillips; Shell Exploration and Production; Statoil USA E P FX We would like to thank Conoco Phillips, Shell Exploration and Production and Statoil USA E & P for supporting this study. We thank Olgoonik-Fairweather LLC for their logistic support, the captains and crew members of the R/V Westward Wind, marine technicians, and Aldrich Offshore Services. Lab support was provided by Natalie Monacci, Kristen Shake, Jessica Cross and Stacey Reisdorph. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2013 VL 67 SI SI BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.04.041 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 265AX UT WOS:000327923200004 ER PT J AU Plant, AL Parker, GC AF Plant, Anne L. Parker, Graham C. TI Translating Stem Cell Research from the Bench to the Clinic: A Need for Better Quality Data SO STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Stem cell therapies show great medical promise, but few new products have made it into the marketplace. The translation of stem and other cell therapies faces not only challenges associated with research and development, but also the challenges of investment funding and regulatory approval. Regulators and investors alike appear to be voicing the same concerns: they see (1) insufficient high-quality data to provide confidence regarding the claims of medical benefit, (2) an insufficient understanding of the mechanism of action, and (3) a lack of identification of essential characteristics for product release criteria and for assuring reproducibility in manufacturing. The ensuing frustration on the part of researchers and developers may be the result of failure to fully comprehend what is required to assure that confidence. C1 [Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parker, Graham C.] Childrens Hosp Michigan, Carman & Ann Adams Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1547-3287 EI 1557-8534 J9 STEM CELLS DEV JI Stem Cells Dev. PD SEP 15 PY 2013 VL 22 IS 18 BP 2457 EP 2458 DI 10.1089/scd.2013.0188 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 246AF UT WOS:000326506900001 PM 23597110 ER PT J AU Gu, JE Lee, S Stafford, CM Lee, JS Choi, W Kim, BY Baek, KY Chan, EP Chung, JY Bang, J Lee, JH AF Gu, Joung-Eun Lee, Seunghye Stafford, Christopher M. Lee, Jong Suk Choi, Wansuk Kim, Bo-Young Baek, Kyung-Youl Chan, Edwin P. Chung, Jun Young Bang, Joona Lee, Jung-Hyun TI Molecular Layer-by-Layer Assembled Thin-Film Composite Membranes for Water Desalination SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE molecular layer-by-layer; polyamide; thin film composite membrane; reverse osmosis; water desalination ID NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; PERMEATION; DEPOSITION C1 [Gu, Joung-Eun; Choi, Wansuk; Kim, Bo-Young; Baek, Kyung-Youl; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Lee, Seunghye; Choi, Wansuk; Bang, Joona] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Stafford, Christopher M.; Chan, Edwin P.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Jong Suk] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Green City Technol Inst, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Chung, Jun Young] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; jchung@seas.harvard.edu; joona@korea.ac.kr; leejhy@kist.re.kr RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011; Bang, Joona/F-6589-2013 FU KIST [2E23900, 2E23430, 2E23952]; Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program [10035373]; Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [2012-014473]; Human Resources Development Program of KETEP [20114010203050] FX This work was supported by the KIST Institutional Programs (Project No. 2E23900, 2E23430, 2E23952) and partially supported by the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10035373) funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea. S.L and J.B. acknowledge the support by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (2012-014473), and also by the Human Resources Development Program of KETEP grant (No. 20114010203050). Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 19 U2 157 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 14 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 34 BP 4778 EP 4782 DI 10.1002/adma.201302030 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 261VG UT WOS:000327692100021 PM 23847127 ER PT J AU Li, Z Yang, DW Hong, Y AF Li, Zhe Yang, Dawen Hong, Yang TI Multi-scale evaluation of high-resolution multi-sensor blended global precipitation products over the Yangtze River SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite precipitation; Statistical evaluation; Error characteristics; Yangtze River ID RAIN-GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; ANALYSIS TMPA; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; MODEL; VALIDATION; MICROWAVE; NETWORK; SCALES; CMORPH AB In the present study, four high-resolution multi-sensor blended precipitation products, TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) research product (3B42 V7) and near real-time product (3B42 RT), Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), are evaluated over the Yangtze River basin from April 2008 to March 2012 using the gauge data. This regional evaluation is performed at temporal scales ranging from annual to daily, based on a number of diagnostic statistics. Gauge adjustment greatly reduces the bias in 3B42 V7, a post real-time research product. Additionally, it helps the product maintain a stable skill level in winter. When additional indicators such as spatial correlation, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Probability of Detection (POD) are considered, 3B42 V7 is not always superior to other products (especially CMORPH) at the daily scale. Among the near real-time datasets, 3B42 RT overestimates annual rainfall over the basin; CMORPH and PERSIANN underestimate it. In particular, the upper Yangtze always suffers from positive bias (>1 mm day(-1)) in the 3B42 RT dataset and negative bias (-0.2 to 1 mm day-1) in the CMORPH dataset. When seasonal scales are considered, CMORPH exhibits negative bias, mainly introduced during cold periods. The correlation between CMORPH and gauge data is the highest. On the contrary, the correlation between 3B42 RT and gauge data is more scattered; statistically, this results in lower bias. Finally, investigation of the probability distribution functions (PDFs) suggests that 3B42 V7 and 3842 RT are consistently better at retrieving the PDFs in high-intensity events. Overall, this study provides useful information about the error characteristics associated with the four mainstream satellite precipitation products and their implications regarding hydrological applications over the Yangtze River basin. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhe; Yang, Dawen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yang, DW (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Room 312,New Hydraul Engn Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yangdw@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar 51025931 [51025931]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50939004]; Tsinghua Scholarship for Overseas Graduate Studies FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (Project No. 51025931) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 50939004). The first author was also partially supported by Tsinghua Scholarship for Overseas Graduate Studies. The first author would like to thank the HyDROS Lab (HyDRometeorology and RemOte Sensing Laboratory: http://hydro.ou.edu) at the National Weather Center, Norman, OK for their support during his visiting, and also acknowledge Robert Clark for his useful comments and language editing which have greatly improved this manuscript. The authors wish to thank Dr. Bellie Sivakumar and other two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 13 PY 2013 VL 500 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.07.023 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 220DR UT WOS:000324562700014 ER PT J AU Hinkley, N Sherman, JA Phillips, NB Schioppo, M Lemke, ND Beloy, K Pizzocaro, M Oates, CW Ludlow, AD AF Hinkley, N. Sherman, J. A. Phillips, N. B. Schioppo, M. Lemke, N. D. Beloy, K. Pizzocaro, M. Oates, C. W. Ludlow, A. D. TI An Atomic Clock with 10(-18) Instability SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CLOCKS; FREQUENCY STABILITY; METROLOGY; TIME; STANDARDS; NOISE AB Atomic clocks have been instrumental in science and technology, leading to innovations such as global positioning, advanced communications, and tests of fundamental constant variation. Timekeeping precision at 1 part in 10(18) enables new timing applications in relativistic geodesy, enhanced Earth- and space-based navigation and telescopy, and new tests of physics beyond the standard model. Here, we describe the development and operation of two optical lattice clocks, both using spin-polarized, ultracold atomic ytterbium. A measurement comparing these systems demonstrates an unprecedented atomic clock instability of 1.6 x 10(-18) after only 7 hours of averaging. C1 [Hinkley, N.; Sherman, J. A.; Phillips, N. B.; Schioppo, M.; Lemke, N. D.; Beloy, K.; Pizzocaro, M.; Oates, C. W.; Ludlow, A. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hinkley, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pizzocaro, M.] Inst Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Pizzocaro, M.] Politecn Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout program; NASA Fundamental Physics; NIST FX We thank the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout program, NASA Fundamental Physics, and NIST for financial support; D. Hume for experimental assistance; and T. Fortier and S. Diddams for femtosecond optical frequency comb measurements. NR 29 TC 308 Z9 317 U1 13 U2 115 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 13 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6151 BP 1215 EP 1218 DI 10.1126/science.1240420 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 215ZA UT WOS:000324248800036 PM 23970562 ER PT J AU Pinsky, ML Worm, B Fogarty, MJ Sarmiento, JL Levin, SA AF Pinsky, Malin L. Worm, Boris Fogarty, Michael J. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Levin, Simon A. TI Marine Taxa Track Local Climate Velocities SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RANGE SHIFTS; IMPACTS AB Organisms are expected to adapt or move in response to climate change, but observed distribution shifts span a wide range of directions and rates. Explanations often emphasize biological distinctions among species, but general mechanisms have been elusive. We tested an alternative hypothesis: that differences in climate velocity-the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape-can explain observed species shifts. We compiled a database of coastal surveys around North America from 1968 to 2011, sampling 128 million individuals across 360 marine taxa. Climate velocity explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively than did species characteristics. Our results demonstrate that marine species shift at different rates and directions because they closely track the complex mosaic of local climate velocities. C1 [Pinsky, Malin L.; Levin, Simon A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Pinsky, Malin L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Pinsky, Malin L.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Worm, Boris] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Pinsky, ML (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM malin.pinsky@rutgers.edu RI Pinsky, Malin/K-2884-2015 OI Pinsky, Malin/0000-0002-8523-8952 FU David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus Program; NSF FX We thank H. Benoit, B. Brodie, D. Clark, L. Col, J. Hare, B. Horness, R. Lauth, M. McClure, N. Peaks, J. Pearl, J. Rester, and M. Wilkins for assistance with data; C. Beaulieu, P. Kareiva, R. Rykaczewski, A. Smith, C. Stock, and J. Watson for helpful conversations; and M. Tingley, O. Jensen, and K. Hunter-Thomson for comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by a David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship (M.L.P.), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (B.W.), the Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus Program (J.L.S.), and NSF (S.A.L.). M.L.P. designed the study; M.L.P. and M.J.F. assembled the data; M.L.P., B.W., and M.J.F. analyzed the data; and M.L.P. and B.W. wrote the paper. S.A.L. and J.L.S. supervised the project. Locations of source data used in our analysis can be found in the supplementary materials. NR 20 TC 166 Z9 168 U1 15 U2 174 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 13 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6151 BP 1239 EP 1242 DI 10.1126/science.1239352 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 215ZA UT WOS:000324248800043 PM 24031017 ER PT J AU Cohen, HB Briggs, KT Marino, JP Ravid, K Robson, SC Mosser, DM AF Cohen, Heather B. Briggs, Katharine T. Marino, John P. Ravid, Katya Robson, Simon C. Mosser, David M. TI TLR stimulation initiates a CD39-based autoregulatory mechanism that limits macrophage inflammatory responses SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION; ADENOSINE RECEPTORS; ATP-DIPHOSPHOHYDROLASE; EXTRACELLULAR ATP; SEVERE SEPSIS; RELEASE; PANNEXIN-1; 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Sepsis is a highly fatal disease caused by an initial hyperinflammatory response followed by a state of profound immunosuppression. Although it is well appreciated that the initial production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages accompanies the onset of sepsis, it remains unclear what causes the transition to an immunosuppressive state. In this study, we reveal that macrophages themselves are key regulators of this transition and that the surface enzyme CD39 plays a critical role in self-limiting the activation process. We demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulated macrophages modulate their activation state by increasing the synthesis and secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This endogenous ATP is paradoxically immunosuppressive due to its rapid catabolism into adenosine by CD39. Macrophages lacking CD39 are unable to transition to a regulatory state and consequently continue to produce inflammatory cytokines. The importance of this transition is demonstrated in a mouse model of sepsis, where small numbers of CD39-deficient macrophages were sufficient to induce lethal endotoxic shock. Thus, these data implicate CD39 as a key "molecular switch" that allows macrophages to self-limit their activation state. We propose that therapeutics targeting the release and hydrolysis of ATP by macrophages may represent new ways to treat inflammatory diseases. C1 [Cohen, Heather B.; Mosser, David M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cohen, Heather B.; Mosser, David M.] Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Briggs, Katharine T.; Marino, John P.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Marino, John P.] NIST, Rockville, MD USA. [Ravid, Katya] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Robson, Simon C.] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Mosser, DM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Room 3102 Biosci Res Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dmosser@umd.edu RI Mosser, David/I-6697-2016; OI Mosser, David/0000-0002-9503-4187; Ravid, Katya/0000-0002-9918-3024 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01 GM102589]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease [T32-A1089621] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant R01 GM102589) (D. M. M.) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (training grant T32-A1089621) (H.B.C.). NR 61 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 2021 L ST NW, SUITE 900, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD SEP 12 PY 2013 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1935 EP 1945 DI 10.1182/blood-2013-04-496216 PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 220GN UT WOS:000324570900017 PM 23908469 ER PT J AU Paul, S Tiesinga, E AF Paul, Saurabh Tiesinga, Eite TI Formation and decay of Bose-Einstein condensates in an excited band of a double-well optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAS; ATOMS AB We study the formation and collision-aided decay of an ultracold atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in the first excited band of a double-well two-dimensional optical lattice with weak harmonic confinement in the perpendicular z direction. This lattice geometry is based on an experiment by Wirth et al. [Nat. Phys. 7, 147 (2010)]. The double well is asymmetric, with the local ground state in the shallow well nearly degenerate with the first excited state of the adjacent deep well. We compare the band structure obtained from a tight-binding model with that obtained numerically using a plane-wave basis. We find the tight-binding model to be in quantitative agreement for the lowest two bands, in qualitative agreement for the next two bands, and inadequate for even higher excited bands. The bandwidths of the excited bands are much larger than the harmonic-oscillator energy spacing in the z direction. We then study the thermodynamics of a noninteracting Bose gas in the first excited band. We estimate the condensate fraction and critical temperature T-c as functions of the lattice parameters. For typical atom numbers, the critical energy k(B)T(c), with k(B) the Boltzmann constant, is larger than the excited bandwidths and harmonic-oscillator energy. Using conservation of total energy and atom number, we show that the temperature increases after the lattice transformation. Finally, we estimate the time scale for a two-body collision-aided decay of the condensate as a function of the lattice parameters. The decay involves two processes, the dominant one in which both colliding atoms decay to the ground band, and the second involving excitation of one atom to a higher band. For this estimate, we have used tight-binding wave functions for the lowest four bands and numerical estimates for higher bands. The decay rate rapidly increases with lattice depth, but close to the critical temperature, it stays smaller than the tunneling rate between the s and p orbitals in adjacent wells. C1 [Paul, Saurabh] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paul, Saurabh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tiesinga, Eite] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, S (reprint author), Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 12 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 AR 033615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.033615 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 215TY UT WOS:000324234700005 ER PT J AU Skedung, L Arvidsson, M Chung, JY Stafford, CM Berglund, B Rutland, MW AF Skedung, Lisa Arvidsson, Martin Chung, Jun Young Stafford, Christopher M. Berglund, Birgitta Rutland, Mark W. TI Feeling Small: Exploring the Tactile Perception Limits SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; TEXTURE-PERCEPTION; FINGER FRICTION; SURFACE-TEXTURE; THIN-FILMS; TOUCH; DISCRIMINATION; EXPLORATION; MECHANISMS; VIBRATIONS AB The human finger is exquisitely sensitive in perceiving different materials, but the question remains as to what length scales are capable of being distinguished in active touch. We combine material science with psychophysics to manufacture and haptically explore a series of topographically patterned surfaces of controlled wavelength, but identical chemistry. Strain-induced surface wrinkling and subsequent templating produced 16 surfaces with wrinkle wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 90 mu m and amplitudes between 7 nm and 4.5 mu m. Perceived similarities of these surfaces (and two blanks) were pairwise scaled by participants, and interdistances among all stimuli were determined by individual differences scaling (INDSCAL). The tactile space thus generated and its two perceptual dimensions were directly linked to surface physical properties - the finger friction coefficient and the wrinkle wavelength. Finally, the lowest amplitude of the wrinkles so distinguished was approximately 10 nm, demonstrating that human tactile discrimination extends to the nanoscale. C1 [Skedung, Lisa; Rutland, Mark W.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Arvidsson, Martin; Berglund, Birgitta] Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berglund, Birgitta] Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. [Rutland, Mark W.] SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Rutland, MW (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Drottning Kristinasvag 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM mark@kth.se RI Rutland, Mark/F-8890-2012 OI Rutland, Mark/0000-0002-8935-8070 FU CODIRECT - the Controlled Delivery and Release Centre at YKI Institute for Surface Chemistry; Vinnova; Knowledge Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF); EU FX We acknowledge financing from CODIRECT - the Controlled Delivery and Release Centre at YKI Institute for Surface Chemistry - financed by Vinnova and the Knowledge Foundation. M. W. R. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council and the Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) through programs Biomime (TM) and Microstructure for Friction and Corrosion Control. B. B. acknowledges support from the EU FP6 NEST Pathfinder project MINET-Measuring the Impossible. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 12 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 2617 DI 10.1038/srep02617 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 215RS UT WOS:000324228600001 PM 24030568 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RD Krungleviciute, V Clingerman, DJ Mondloch, JE Peng, Y Wilmer, CE Sarjeant, AA Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK Mirkin, CA AF Kennedy, Robert D. Krungleviciute, Vaiva Clingerman, Daniel J. Mondloch, Joseph E. Peng, Yang Wilmer, Christopher E. Sarjeant, Amy A. Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. Mirkin, Chad A. TI Carborane-Based Metal-Organic Framework with High Methane and Hydrogen Storage Capacities SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carborane; boron; MOF; metal-organic framework; coordination polymer; porous; hydrogen; methane ID HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; POROUS MATERIALS; SURFACE-AREA; CHEMISTRY; SITES; DERIVATIVES; POROSITY; DESIGN; GASES; SCALE AB A Cu-carborane-based metal organic framework (MOF), NU-135, which contains a quasi-spherical para-carborane moiety, has been synthesized and characterized. NU-135 exhibits a pore volume of 1.02 cm(3)/g and a gravimetric BET surface area of ca. 2600 m(2)/g, and thus represents the first highly porous carborane-based MOF. As a consequence of the, unique geometry of the carborane unit, NU-135 has a very high volumetric BET surface area of ca. 1900 m(2)/cm(3). CH4, CO2, and H-2 adsorption isotherms were measured over a broad range of pressures and temperatures and are in good agreement with computational predictions. The methane storage capacity of NU-135 at 35 bar and 298 K is ca. 187 v(STP)/v. At 298 K, the pressure required to achieve a methane storage density comparable to that of a compressed natural gas (CNG) tank pressurized to 212 bar, which is a typical storage pressure, is only 65 bar. The methane working capacity (5-65 bar) is 170 v(STP)/v. The volumetric hydrogen storage capacity at 55 bar and 77 K is 49 g/L. These properties are comparable to those of current record holders in the area of methane and hydrogen storage. This initial example lays the groundwork for carborane-based materials with high surface areas. C1 [Kennedy, Robert D.; Clingerman, Daniel J.; Mondloch, Joseph E.; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Yildirim, Taner; Farha, Omar K.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kennedy, Robert D.; Clingerman, Daniel J.; Mondloch, Joseph E.; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Yildirim, Taner; Farha, Omar K.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wilmer, Christopher E.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Peng, Yang; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Peng, Yang; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu; chadnano@northwestern.edu RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; Mirkin, Chad/E-3911-2010; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 FU DoD/NSSEFF/NPS [N00244-09-1-0012, N00244-09-1-0071]; U.S. Army Award [W911NF-11-1-0229]; NSF [CHE-1149314] FX CAM, acknowledges support from DoD/NSSEFF/NPS Awards N00244-09-1-0012 and N00244-09-1-0071, U.S. Army Award W911NF-11-1-0229, NSF award CHE-1149314, Department of the Navy/ONR award N00014-11-1-0729, and the NERC/EFRC DOE/Office of Science/Office of Basic Energy Sciences Award DE-SC0000989. 0.K.F., J.T.H., and R.QS. thank DOE ARPA-E, and the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project for support of work relevant to methane, and CO2, respectively. T.Y. acknowledges support by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant DE-FG0208ER46522. C.E.W. gratefully acknowledges support from a Ryan Fellowship from the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology. JEM is supported by a DOE EERE postdoctoral research award under DOE Contract DE-ACO5-060R23100. Computational work was supported through the resources provided by Information Technology at Northwestern University as part of its shared cluster program, Quest. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 17 BP 3539 EP 3543 DI 10.1021/cm4020942 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 295DX UT WOS:000330097900018 ER PT J AU Pesek, SL Li, XY Hammouda, B Hong, KL Verduzco, R AF Pesek, Stacy L. Li, Xianyu Hammouda, Boualem Hong, Kunlun Verduzco, Rafael TI Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis of Bottlebrush Polymers Prepared via Grafting-Through Polymerization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SIDE-CHAIN LENGTH; MOLECULAR BRUSHES; CYLINDRICAL BRUSHES; ONE-POT; ROMP; CONFORMATION; SHELL; CORE; MACROMOLECULES; NANOPARTICLES AB Bottlebrush polymers are highly branched macromolecules with potential applications in antifouling coatings, rheological modifiers, and drug delivery systems. However, the solution conformation of bottlebrush polymers has been studied in only a limited set of materials made primarily by grafting-from polymerization. Here we present small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on a Series of polystyrene bottlebrush polymers with varying side-chain and backbone lengths in d(8)-toluene to analyze their size, shape, and conformation. Bottlebrush polymers with 2-7 kg mol(-1) polystyrene side chains (degree of polymerization DP = 14-54) and poly(oxanorbornene) backbones (DP = 10-264) were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) followed by a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) grafting-through synthesis scheme. Analysis by Guinier-Porod, rigid cylinder, and flexible cylinder models provided estimates of the bottlebrush polymer length, radius, and stiffness. The bottlebrush polymer cross-sectional area depends primarily on side-chain DP, and the radius of gyration R-g exhibits a power-law dependence with side-chain DP. We also observe a sphere-to-cylinder transition with increasing backbone DP, with the transition occurring at a backbone DP of approximately 120 for the polystyrene bottlebrush polymers studied. The maximum molecular dimension for the series studied varies from 25 to 350 nm. C1 [Pesek, Stacy L.; Li, Xianyu; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Verduzco, R (reprint author), Rice Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM rafaelV@rice.edu RI Li, Xianyu/J-4889-2014; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU ACS Petroleum Research Fund [52345-DN17]; Welch Foundation for Chemical Research [C-1750]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program [0940902]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Louis and Peaches Owen FX This work was supported by the ACS Petroleum Research Fund (52345-DN17) and the Welch Foundation for Chemical Research (grant no. C-1750). S.L.P. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program (grant no. 0940902). We acknowledge SANS beam time Obtained from the NIST Center for Neutron Research (U.S. Department of Commerce), which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. Part of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge support from Louis and Peaches Owen. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 11 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 17 BP 6998 EP 7005 DI 10.1021/ma401246b PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 295WA UT WOS:000330145900034 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH DelRio, FW Pettibone, JM Lin, PA Tan, JJ Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao DelRio, Frank W. Pettibone, John M. Lin, Pin-Ann Tan, Jiaojie Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Temperature-Programmed Electrospray-Differential Mobility Analysis for Characterization of Ligated Nanoparticles in Complex Media SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; AGGREGATION; PROTEINS; CLUSTERS; SHAPE AB An electrospray-differential mobility analyzer (ES-DMA) was operated with an aerosol flow-mode, temperature-programmed approach to enhance its ability to characterize the particle size distributions (PSDs) of nanoscale particles (NPs) in the presence of adsorbed and free ligands. Titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2-NPs) stabilized by citric acid (CA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were utilized as representative systems. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to provide visual information and elemental based PSDs, respectively. Results show that the interference resulting from electrospray-dried nonvolatile salt residual nanoscale particles (S NPs) could be effectively reduced using the thermal treatment process: PSDs were accurately measured at temperatures above 200 degrees C for CA-stabilized TiO2-NPs and above 400 degrees C for BSA-stabilized TiO2-NPs. Moreover, TEM confirmed the volumetric shrinkage of S-NPs due to thermal treatment and also showed that the primary structure of TiO2-NPs was relatively stable over the temperature range studied (i.e., below 700 degrees C). Conversely, the shape factor for TiO2-NPs decreased after treatment above 500 degrees C, possibly due to a change in the secondary (aggregate) structure. S-NPs from BSA stabilized TiO2-NPs exhibited higher global activation energies toward induced volumetric shrinkage than those of CA-stabilized TiO2-NPs, suggesting that activation energy is dependent on ligand size. This prototype study demonstrates the efficacy of using ES-DMA coupled with thermal treatment for characterizing the physical state of NPs, even in a complex medium (e.g., containing plasma proteins) and in the presence of particle agglomerates induced by interaction with binding ligands. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; DelRio, Frank W.; Pettibone, John M.; Tan, Jiaojie; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Pin-Ann] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tan, Jiaojie] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tan, Jiaojie] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 36 BP 11267 EP 11274 DI 10.1021/la402311c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 294WZ UT WOS:000330079900009 PM 23937656 ER PT J AU Qin, J Silver, RM Barnes, BM Zhou, H Goasmat, F AF Qin, Jing Silver, Richard M. Barnes, Bryan M. Zhou, Hui Goasmat, Francois TI Fourier domain optical tool normalization for quantitative parametric image reconstruction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID METROLOGY AB There has been much recent work in developing advanced optical metrology methods that use imaging optics for critical dimension measurements and defect detection. Sensitivity to nanometer-scale changes has been observed when measuring critical dimensions of subwavelength 20 nm features or when imaging defects below 15 nm using angle-resolved and focus-resolved optical data. However, these methods inherently involve complex imaging optics and analysis of complicated three-dimensional electromagnetic fields. This paper develops a new approach to enable the rigorous analysis of three-dimensional, through-focus, or angle-resolved optical images. We use rigorous electromagnetic simulation with enhanced Fourier optical techniques, an approach to optical tool normalization, and statistical methods to evaluate sensitivities and uncertainties in the measurement of subwavelength three-dimensional structures. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Qin, Jing; Silver, Richard M.; Barnes, Bryan M.; Zhou, Hui; Goasmat, Francois] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Qin, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jing.qin@nist.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 26 BP 6512 EP 6522 DI 10.1364/AO.52.006512 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 216VK UT WOS:000324313200012 PM 24085127 ER PT J AU Chu, W Thompson, RM Song, J Vorburger, TV AF Chu, Wei Thompson, Robert M. Song, John Vorburger, Theodore V. TI Automatic identification of bullet signatures based on consecutive matching striae (CMS) criteria SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Toolmark identification; Consecutive matching striae (CMS); Topography measurement; Feature profile; Identification criteria ID FIRED BULLETS; TOPOGRAPHY AB The consecutive matching striae (CMS) numeric criteria for firearm and toolmark identifications have been widely accepted by forensic examiners, although there have been questions concerning its observer subjectivity and limited statistical support. In this paper, based on signal processing and extraction, a model for the automatic and objective counting of CMS is proposed. The position and shape information of the striae on the bullet land is represented by a feature profile, which is used for determining the CMS number automatically. Rapid counting of CMS number provides a basis for ballistics correlations with large databases and further statistical and probability analysis. Experimental results in this report using bullets fired from ten consecutively manufactured barrels support this developed model. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Chu, Wei; Thompson, Robert M.; Song, John; Vorburger, Theodore V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, W (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wei.chu@nist.gov FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST FX The funding for this research is provided by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) through the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at NIST. The authors are grateful to K Gerber of ATF Forensic Science Laboratory for providing the set of bullets tested in the study and to J Hamby of International Forensic Science Laboratory & Training Centre for helpful discussion. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 231 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.025 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 213GI UT WOS:000324043000030 PM 23890628 ER PT J AU Sisco, E Demoranville, LT Gillen, G AF Sisco, Edward Demoranville, Leonard T. Gillen, Greg TI Evaluation of C-60 secondary ion mass spectrometry for the chemical analysis and imaging of fingerprints SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Latent fingerprint; Secondary ion mass spectrometry; Chemical imaging ID LATENT FINGERPRINTS; SIMS; IDENTIFICATION; FINGERMARKS; DEPOSITION; RESIDUE; TIME AB The feasibility of using C-60(+) cluster primary ion bombardment secondary ion mass spectrometry (C-60(+) SIMS) for the analysis of the chemical composition of fingerprints is evaluated. It was found that C-60(+) SIMS could be used to detect and image the spatial localization of a number of sebaceous and eccrine components in fingerprints. These analyses were also found to not be hindered by the use of common latent print powder development techniques. Finally, the ability to monitor the depth distribution of fingerprint constituents was found to be possible - a capability which has not been shown using other chemical imaging techniques. This paper illustrates a number of strengths and potential weaknesses of C-60(+) SIMS as an additional or complimentary technique for the chemical analysis of fingerprints. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sisco, Edward] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Demoranville, Leonard T.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Demoranville, Leonard T.] Ctr Coll Danville, Danville, KY 40422 USA. RP Sisco, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, 0107 Chem Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM esisco@umd.edu; leonard.demoranville@centre.edu; greg.gillen@nist.gov FU Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation Fellowship; National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors appreciate the help and advice provided by Dr. Alice Mignerey of the University of Maryland and Dr. Candice Bridge of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory. Edward Sisco acknowledges support from a Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation Fellowship. Leonard Demoranville acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 231 IS 1-3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.026 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 213GI UT WOS:000324043000050 PM 23890648 ER PT J AU Choi, JH Shlosman, I Begelman, MC AF Choi, Jun-Hwan Shlosman, Isaac Begelman, Mitchell C. TI SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE FORMATION AT HIGH REDSHIFTS VIA DIRECT COLLAPSE: PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE EARLY STAGE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; dark ages, reionization, first stars; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; methods: numerical ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DARK-MATTER HALOES; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSFER; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; 1ST STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; VIRIAL TEMPERATURES; ACCRETION DISKS AB We use numerical simulations to explore whether direct collapse can lead to the formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds at high redshifts. Using the adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO, we follow the evolution of gas within slowly tumbling dark matter (DM) halos of M-vir similar to 2 x 10(8) M-circle dot and R-vir similar to 1 kpc. For our idealized simulations, we adopt cosmologically motivated DM and baryon density profiles and angular momentum distributions. Our principal goal is to understand how the collapsing flow overcomes the centrifugal barrier and whether it is subject to fragmentation which can potentially lead to star formation, decreasing the seed SMBH mass. We find that the collapse proceeds from inside out and leads either to a central runaway or to off-center fragmentation. A disk-like configuration is formed inside the centrifugal barrier, growing via accretion. For models with a more cuspy DM distribution, the gas collapses more and experiences a bar-like perturbation and a central runaway on scales of less than or similar to 1-10 pc. We have followed this inflow down to similar to 10(-4) pc (similar to 10 AU), where it is estimated to become optically thick. The flow remains isothermal and the specific angular momentum, j, is efficiently transferred by gravitational torques in a cascade of nested bars. This cascade is triggered by finite perturbations from the large-scale mass distribution and by gas self-gravity, and supports a self-similar, disk-like collapse where the axial ratios remain constant. The mass accretion rate shows a global minimum on scales of similar to 1-10 pc at the time of the central runaway. In the collapsing phase, virial supersonic turbulence develops and fragmentation is damped. Models with progressively larger initial DM cores evolve similarly, but the timescales become longer. In models with more organized initial rotation-when the rotation of spherical shells is constrained to be coplanar-a torus forms on scales similar to 20-50 pc outside the disk, and appears to be supported by turbulent motions driven by accretion from the outside. The overall evolution of the models depends on the competition between two timescales, corresponding to the onset of the central runaway and of off-center fragmentation. In models with less organized rotation-when the rotation of spherical shells is randomized (but the total angular momentum remains unchanged)-the torus is greatly weakened, the central accretion timescale is shortened, and off-center fragmentation is suppressed-triggering the central runaway even in previously "stable" models. The resulting seed SMBH masses is found in the range M-center dot similar to 2 x 10(4) M-circle dot-2 x 10(6) M-circle dot, substantially higher than the mass range of Population III remnants. We argue that the above upper limit on M-center dot appears to be more realistic, and lies close to the cutoff mass of detected SMBHs. Corollaries of this model include a possible correlation between SMBH and DM halo masses, and similarity between the SMBH and halo mass functions, at time of formation. C1 [Choi, Jun-Hwan; Shlosman, Isaac] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Choi, JH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jhchoi@pa.uky.edu; shlosman@pa.uky.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF [AST-0807760, AST-0907872]; HST/STScI [AR-12639.01-A]; NASA through STScI [AR-12639.01-A]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX We thank the ENZO & YT support team, and especially Britton Smith, Brian O'Shea, and John Wise. All analysis has been conducted using YT (Turk et al. (2011), http://yt-project.org/). We are also grateful to Christoph Federrath for helpful comments on the earlier version of the text. I.S. acknowledges support from the NSF AST-0807760 and from the HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A. M.C.B. acknowledges support from the NSF under AST-0907872. Support for HST/STScI AR-12639.01-A was provided by NASA through a grant from the STScI, which is operated by the AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 119 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 774 IS 2 AR 149 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/149 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 211EW UT WOS:000323888900058 ER PT J AU Fay, G Large, SI Link, JS Gamble, RJ AF Fay, Gavin Large, Scott I. Link, Jason S. Gamble, Robert J. TI Testing systemic fishing responses with ecosystem indicators SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Simulation modeling; MS-PROD; Ecological indicators; Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Northwest Atlantic; Management Strategy Evaluation ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MANAGING FISHERIES; COMMUNITY; LESSONS; IMPLEMENTATION; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS AB Successful implementation of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) requires practical methods of translating information on system status into management actions. Threshold values in ecosystem indicators have been demonstrated to provide insight for characterizing change points in marine ecosystems and suggested as reference points for EBFM. We used a guild based multispecies simulation model of the Georges Bank finfish community to quantify tradeoffs and changes among values for proposed ecological indicators given alternative fishing scenarios, and tested the performance of indicator-based approaches for setting system ceilings on annual catches. Values for ecosystem indicators were sensitive to the exploitation rates on guilds, with total biomass of the community being most sensitive to groundfish exploitation rate. Setting ceilings on system-wide annual catches was successful in constraining values for indicators and revealed levels of system catch associated with indicator change. Community composition indicators showed catch thresholds lower than provided by the total biomass indicator. Ceilings based on community composition indicators more frequently resulted in higher yields and fewer species being overfished than when ceilings were set using total biomass or when no ceiling was in place. Simulations demonstrated that threshold values in ecosystem indicators could be used to determine reference points in an EBFM context. The broad ranges for threshold values obtained demonstrates the sensitivity of such methods to exploitation history, underscoring the need to both incorporate expert knowledge and relate reference point determination to management objectives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fay, Gavin; Large, Scott I.; Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gamble, Robert J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Fay, G (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gavin.fay@noaa.gov; scott.large@noaa.gov; jason.link@noaa.gov; robert.gamble@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX We thank Sarah Gaichas for advice and providing data files used to parameterize the Georges Bank simulations. The members of the Ecosystem Assessment Program at NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center are thanked for advice and discussion. The manuscript was also improved following comments and suggestions from Michael Fogarty, the Editor, and two anonymous reviewers. GF and SL were supported by funding from NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 265 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.05.016 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 208OL UT WOS:000323688900004 ER PT J AU Anderson, KE Harrison, LR Nisbet, RM Kolpas, A AF Anderson, Kurt E. Harrison, Lee R. Nisbet, Roger M. Kolpas, Allison TI Modeling the influence of flow on invertebrate drift across spatial scales using a 2D hydraulic model and a 1D population model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Dispersal; Drift; Macroinvertebrates; Spatial population dynamics; Environmental flow assessments ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED SYSTEMS; LAKE DISTRICT STREAM; BUDGET DEB THEORY; BROWN TROUT; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; HABITAT PREFERENCES; FEEDING SALMONIDS; CARRYING-CAPACITY; FIELD EXPERIMENTS AB Methods for creating explicit links in environmental flow assessments between changes in physical habitat and the availability and delivery rate of macroinvertebrates that comprise fish diets are generally lacking. Here, we present a hybrid modelling approach to simulate the spatial dynamics of macroinvertebrates in a section of the Merced River in central California, re-engineered to improve the viability of Chinook salmon. Our efforts focused on quantifying the influence of the hydrodynamic environment on invertebrate drift dispersal, which is a key input to salmon bioenergetics models. We developed a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model that represented flow dynamics well at baseflow and 75% bankfull discharges. Hydraulic predictions from the 20 model were coupled with a particle tracking algorithm to compute drift dispersal, where the settling rates of simulated macroinvertebrates were parameterized from the literature. Using the cross-sectional averaged velocities from the 2D model, we then developed a simpler 1D representation of how dispersal distributions respond to flow variability. These distributions were included in 1D invertebrate population models that represent variability in drift densities over reach scales. Dispersal distributions in the 20 simulation and 1D representation responded strongly to spatial changes in flow. When included in the 1D population model, dispersal responses to flow 'scaled-up' to yield distributions of drifting macroinvertebrates that showed a strong inverse relationship with flow velocity. The strength of the inverse relationship was influenced by model parameters, including the rate at which dispersers settle to the benthos. Finally, we explore how the scale of riffle/pool variability relative to characteristic length scales calculated from the 1D population model can be used to understand drift responses for different settling rates and at different discharges. We show that, under the range of parameter values explored, changes in velocity associated with transitions between riffles and pools produce local changes in drift density of proportional magnitude. This simple result suggests a means for confronting model predictions against field data. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Kurt E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Harrison, Lee R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Nisbet, Roger M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kolpas, Allison] W Chester Univ, Dept Math, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Anderson, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM kurt.anderson@ucr.edu RI Nisbet, Roger/B-6951-2014; OI Harrison, Lee/0000-0002-5219-9280 FU Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission through the Instream Flow Assessment Program of the Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of the University of California, Davis [500-02-004] FX The authors wish to thank John Williams, Tom Dunne, Lindsey Albertson, Brad Cardinale, and Laure Pecquerie for very helpful discussions, and Lindsey Albertson for access to data that assisted us in model parameterization. We also thank Jonathan Sarhad, Margaret Simon, and Cincin Young for technical assistance and manuscript preparation. Steven Lindley, Jill Lancaster, Andrew Paul, and three anonymous reviewers provided extremely helpful comments on a previous report on which this manuscript in based, and David Boughton and Mark Henderson provided constructive feedback on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was supported and funded by the Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission through the Instream Flow Assessment Program of the Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of the University of California, Davis, contract number 500-02-004 to RMN and KEA. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 10 PY 2013 VL 265 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.06.011 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 208OL UT WOS:000323688900019 ER PT J AU Agha, I Ates, S Davanco, M Srinivasan, K AF Agha, Imad Ates, Serkan Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik TI A chip-scale, telecommunications-band frequency conversion interface for quantum emitters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SILICON WAVE-GUIDES; SINGLE PHOTONS; WAVELENGTH; DOT; GENERATION AB We describe a chip-scale, telecommunications-band frequency conversion interface designed for low-noise operation at wavelengths desirable for common single photon emitters. Four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in silicon nitride waveguides is used to demonstrate frequency upconversion and downconversion between the 980 nm and 1550 nm wavelength regions, with signal-to-background levels > 10 and conversion efficiency of approximate to -60 dB at low continuous wave input pump powers (< 50 mW). Finite element simulations and the split-step Fourier method indicate that increased input powers of approximate to 10 W (produced by amplified nanosecond pulses, for example) will result in a conversion efficiency > 25 % in existing geometries. Finally, we present waveguide designs that can be used to connect shorter wavelength (637 nm to 852 nm) quantum emitters with 1550 nm. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM imad.agha@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193]; DARPA MESO program FX The authors thank Yoshitomo Okawachi for helpful comments on this work. I.A and S.A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award 70NANB10H193. The authors also acknowledge the DARPA MESO program for partial support. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 9 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 18 BP 21628 EP 21638 DI 10.1364/OE.21.021628 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224FC UT WOS:000324867100126 PM 24104037 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Wang, W Mair, LO Fraleigh, RD Hoyos, M Mallouk, TE AF Ahmed, Suzanne Wang, Wei Mair, Lamar O. Fraleigh, Robert D. Hoyos, Mauricio Mallouk, Thomas E. TI In vitro steering and cell targeting of ultrasonically propelled nanomotors in a biologically compatible fluid using magnetic fields SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ahmed, Suzanne; Wang, Wei; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mair, Lamar O.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fraleigh, Robert D.; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hoyos, Mauricio] ESPCI Paris Tech, Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, Paris, France. EM sya5152@psu.edu RI Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 80-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618404125 ER PT J AU Benkstein, K Vergara, A Montgomery, C Semancik, S AF Benkstein, Kurt Vergara, Alexander Montgomery, Christopher Semancik, Steve TI Tunable electronic noses for monitoring volatile small molecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Benkstein, Kurt; Vergara, Alexander; Montgomery, Christopher; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 105-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403577 ER PT J AU Bhirde, AA Chikkaveeraiah, BV Jin, AJ Wang, Z Zhang, GF Patel, V Gutkind, JS Walker, ARH Chen, XY AF Bhirde, Ashwinkumar A. Chikkaveeraiah, Bhaskara V. Jin, Albert J. Wang, Zhe Zhang, Guofeng Patel, Vyomesh Gutkind, J. Silvio Walker, Angela R. Hight Chen, Xiaoyuan TI Therapeutic nanotubes as highly efficient cancer drug delivery vehicles to counteract drug resistance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bhirde, Ashwinkumar A.; Chikkaveeraiah, Bhaskara V.; Wang, Zhe; Chen, Xiaoyuan] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Lab Mol Imaging & Nanomed, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jin, Albert J.; Zhang, Guofeng] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Lab Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Patel, Vyomesh; Gutkind, J. Silvio] Natl Inst Dent Craniofacial Res, Oral & Pharyngeal Canc Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ashwinkumar.bhirde@nih.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 281-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618402304 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Hudson, M Queen, WL AF Brown, Craig M. Hudson, Matthew Queen, Wendy L. TI Applications of neutron scattering to understanding structure and gas storage properties of metal-organic frameworks and related materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Craig M.; Hudson, Matthew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] LBNL, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 142-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403110 ER PT J AU Chen, N Stocker, MP Berro, AJ Liddle, JA Zammarano, M Gilman, JW AF Chen, Ning Stocker, Michael P. Berro, Adam J. Liddle, J. Alexander Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Super-resolution optical imaging of fluorescent carbon nanotube nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chen, Ning; Berro, Adam J.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Stocker, Michael P.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Chen, Ning; Berro, Adam J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM ning.chen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 237-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618407001 ER PT J AU Demoranville, L Combs, A Wicker, D Kenslea, A Verkouteren, J Gillen, G AF Demoranville, Leonard Combs, Alexandria Wicker, Daniel Kenslea, Anne Verkouteren, Jennifer Gillen, Greg TI Progress in the development of test materials for trace drug detection by thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometry using swabbing techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Demoranville, Leonard; Combs, Alexandria; Wicker, Daniel] Ctr Coll Danville, Danville, KY 40422 USA. [Kenslea, Anne] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Verkouteren, Jennifer; Gillen, Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leonard.demoranville@centre.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 138-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618400671 ER PT J AU Dennis, RV Shultz, BJ Jaye, C Wang, X Fischer, DA Cartwright, AN Banerjee, S AF Dennis, Robert V. Shultz, Brian J. Jaye, Cherno Wang, Xi Fischer, Daniel A. Cartwright, Alexander N. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study of nitrogen incorporation in chemically and thermally reduced graphene oxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dennis, Robert V.; Shultz, Brian J.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Xi; Cartwright, Alexander N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM rvdennis@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 394-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406195 ER PT J AU Dutton, GJ Robey, SW AF Dutton, G. J. Robey, S. W. TI Exciton dissociation at phthalocyanine-C-60 interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dutton, G. J.; Robey, S. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.robey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 568-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406348 ER PT J AU Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Warneke, C Holloway, J Peischl, J Ryerson, T Edwards, PM Brown, SS Roberts, JM Williams, EJ Parrish, DD de Gouw, JA AF Gilman, Jessica B. Lerner, Brian M. Warneke, Carsten Holloway, John Peischl, Jeff Ryerson, Thomas Edwards, Peter M. Brown, Steven S. Roberts, James M. Williams, Eric J. Parrish, David D. de Gouw, Joost A. TI Characterizing emissions and assessing air quality impacts from oil and natural gas operations in Colorado and Utah SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Edwards, Peter M.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, Jessica B.; Lerner, Brian M.; Warneke, Carsten; Holloway, John; Peischl, Jeff; Ryerson, Thomas; Edwards, Peter M.; Brown, Steven S.; Roberts, James M.; Williams, Eric J.; Parrish, David D.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jessica.gilman@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 113-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403085 ER PT J AU Grubisic, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Grubisic, Andrej Nesbitt, David J. TI Coherent multiphoton photoelectron emission from individual, supported metal nanoparticles: Angle- and energy-resolved photoelectron distribution measurements via velocity map imaging SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Grubisic, Andrej] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrej.grubisic@jila.colorado.edu RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 148-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618405856 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ McConnell, LL McCarty, GW Rice, CP Hively, WD Lang, MW Whitall, DR Sadeghi, AM Torrents, A Goel, A AF Hapeman, Cathleen J. McConnell, Laura L. McCarty, Gregory W. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean Lang, Megan W. Whitall, David R. Sadeghi, Ali M. Torrents, Alba Goel, Anubha TI Determining contaminate sources to the Chesapeake Bay to discern the effectiveness of conservation practices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McConnell, Laura L.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Rice, Clifford P.; Sadeghi, Ali M.] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whitall, David R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goel, Anubha] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 147-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403616 ER PT J AU Kim, J Priester, J Ge, Y Buchholz, B Petersen, E AF Kim, Junyeol Priester, John Ge, Yuan Buchholz, Bruce Petersen, Elijah TI Assessing trophic transfer of C-14-labeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes in microbial food chains SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kim, Junyeol; Priester, John; Ge, Yuan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, UC Ctr Environm Implicat Nanotechnol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kim, Junyeol; Priester, John; Ge, Yuan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kim, Junyeol; Priester, John; Ge, Yuan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Buchholz, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Petersen, Elijah] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jkim@bren.ucsb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 267-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403727 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, SJ Vuitton, V Yelle, RV Horst, SM Lavvas, P Bazin, A AF Klippenstein, Stephen J. Vuitton, Veronique Yelle, Roger V. Horst, Sarah M. Lavvas, Panayotis Bazin, Axel TI Theoretical kinetics as a tool for exploring the chemistry of Titan's atmosphere SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Klippenstein, Stephen J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vuitton, Veronique; Bazin, Axel] UJF Grenoble, CNRS INSU 1, UMR 5274, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Yelle, Roger V.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Horst, Sarah M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lavvas, Panayotis] Univ Reims, CNRS, UMR 6089, Reims, France. EM sjk@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 297-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406103 ER PT J AU Lahiri, B Katzenmeyer, A Holland, G Centrone, A AF Lahiri, Basudev Katzenmeyer, Aaron Holland, Glenn Centrone, Andrea TI Chemical imaging beyond the diffraction limit using photothermal induced resonance technique SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lahiri, Basudev; Katzenmeyer, Aaron; Holland, Glenn; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lahiri, Basudev; Centrone, Andrea] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 216-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618400747 ER PT J AU Nadermann, NK Chan, E Stafford, C AF Nadermann, Nichole K. Chan, Edwin Stafford, Christopher TI Transport properties in reverse osmosis membranes using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nadermann, Nichole K.; Chan, Edwin; Stafford, Christopher] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nichole.nadermann@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 193-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403658 ER PT J AU Place, BJ Murray, JA Morris, MH Phillips, MM Rimmer, CA Sander, LC AF Place, Benjamin J. Murray, Jacolin A. Morris, Mallory H. Phillips, Melissa M. Rimmer, Catherine A. Sander, Lane C. TI Quantitative capabilities of 2D gas chromatography (GCxGC) and liquid chromatography (LCxLC) for the analysis of standard reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Place, Benjamin J.; Murray, Jacolin A.; Morris, Mallory H.; Phillips, Melissa M.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.place@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 71-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618400614 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Reiner, JE Balijepalli, AK Burden, DL Burden, LK Kasianowicz, JJ AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Reiner, Joseph E. Balijepalli, Arvind K. Burden, Daniel L. Burden, Lisa K. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Modification of protein nanopores with gold nanoparticles for single molecule temperature control SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Balijepalli, Arvind K.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind K.] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Burden, Daniel L.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Burden, Lisa K.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. EM joseph.robertson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 407-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618402424 ER PT J AU Schneck, NA Lowenthal, M Phinney, K Lee, SB AF Schneck, Nicole A. Lowenthal, Mark Phinney, Karen Lee, Sang Bok TI Absolute quantification of biomarker cardiac troponin I in serum by magnetic particle-based-immunoaffinity capture and targeted mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schneck, Nicole A.; Lee, Sang Bok] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lowenthal, Mark; Phinney, Karen] NIST, Dept Bioanalyt Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20850 USA. EM nikkischneck@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 107-BIOL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618401012 ER PT J AU Schneck, NA Lowenthal, M Phinney, K Lee, SB AF Schneck, Nicole A. Lowenthal, Mark Phinney, Karen Lee, Sang Bok TI Role of nanomaterials for the mass spectrometry-based analysis of enriched cardiac troponin I from serum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Schneck, Nicole A.; Lee, Sang Bok] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lowenthal, Mark; Phinney, Karen] NIST, Dept Bioanalyt Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20850 USA. EM nikkischneck@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 7-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618400550 ER PT J AU Sequeira, FC Elliot, JT AF Sequeira, Fatima C. Elliot, John T. TI Effect of chemical toxins on protein expression and degradation machinery SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sequeira, Fatima C.; Elliot, John T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM sequeira@buffalo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 40-TOXI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618407219 ER PT J AU Wang, PF Ko, SH Tian, C Hao, CH Mao, CD AF Wang, Pengfei Ko, Seung Hyeon Tian, Cheng Hao, Chenhui Mao, Chengde TI RNA origami: Folding long RNA single strands into complex nanostructures via ultrafast isothermal assembly SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, Pengfei; Ko, Seung Hyeon; Tian, Cheng; Hao, Chenhui; Mao, Chengde] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Ko, Seung Hyeon] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM wang573@purdue.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 63-COLL PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618402101 ER PT J AU Woodcock, J Zammarano, M Sacui, I Gilman, JW AF Woodcock, Jeremiah Zammarano, Mauro Sacui, Iulia Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Synthesis of a coumarin based fluorescently labeled epoxy monomer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Woodcock, Jeremiah; Sacui, Iulia; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Woodcock, Jeremiah; Sacui, Iulia] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM sarah.morgan@usm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 108-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406763 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T Peng, Y Krungleviciute, V Eryazici, I Hupp, JT Farha, OK AF Yildirim, Taner Peng, Yang Krungleviciute, Vaiva Eryazici, Ibrahim Hupp, Joseph T. Farha, Omar K. TI Methane storage in metal-organic frameworks and nanoporous carbons: Current records, surprise findings, and challenges SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yildirim, Taner; Peng, Yang; Krungleviciute, Vaiva] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner; Peng, Yang; Krungleviciute, Vaiva] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Eryazici, Ibrahim; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Eryazici, Ibrahim; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM taner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 84-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403058 ER PT J AU Yoon, YH Horst, SM Hicks, RK Li, R de Gouw, JA Tolbert, MA AF Yoon, Y. Heidi Horst, Sarah M. Hicks, Raea K. Li, Rui de Gouw, Joost A. Tolbert, Margaret A. TI Role of benzene photolysis in Titan haze formation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yoon, Y. Heidi; Horst, Sarah M.; Hicks, Raea K.; Li, Rui; de Gouw, Joost A.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hicks, Raea K.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Rui; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Heidi.Yoon@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 230-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406036 ER PT J AU Yu, XF Richter, LJ DeLongchamp, DM AF Yu, Xinfei Richter, Lee J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Impact of fluorination on polymer-fullerene miscibility in organic photovoltaic devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yu, Xinfei; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xinfei.yu@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 224-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406577 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Porous metal-organic frameworks: Mechanical stabilities and methane storage applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 245-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403204 ER PT J AU Gansen, EJ Rowe, MA Harrington, SD Nehls, JM Etzel, SM Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Gansen, E. J. Rowe, M. A. Harrington, S. D. Nehls, J. M. Etzel, S. M. Nam, S. W. Mirin, R. P. TI Temperature dependence of the single-photon sensitivity of a quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY; NOISE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DETECTOR; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY AB We present a systematic study of the temperature dependence of the electrical noise in a quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor (QDOGFET) and detail how the noise influences the sensitivity of these novel single-photon detectors. Previous studies have shown that when cooled to 4K, QDOGFETs exhibit single-photon sensitivity and photon-number-resolving capabilities; however, there has been no systematic study of how operating temperature affects their performance. Here, we measure the noise spectra of a device for a range of sample temperatures between 7K and 60 K. We use the noise data to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical responses of the devices for various temperatures and detection rates. Our analysis indicates that QDOGFETs can operate over a broad range of temperatures, where increased operating temperature can be traded for decreased sensitivity. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gansen, E. J.; Harrington, S. D.; Nehls, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Rowe, M. A.; Etzel, S. M.; Nam, S. W.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gansen, EJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions made by Tyler Nickel and Angeline Klemm to this work. This work was supported, in part, by the NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 9 AR 093103 DI 10.1063/1.4820474 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 217UI UT WOS:000324386900003 ER PT J AU Boltana, S Rey, S Roher, N Vargas, R Huerta, M Huntingford, FA Goetz, FW Moore, J Garcia-Valtanen, P Estepa, A MacKenzie, S AF Boltana, Sebastian Rey, Sonia Roher, Nerea Vargas, Reynaldo Huerta, Mario Huntingford, Felicity Anne Goetz, Frederick William Moore, Janice Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo Estepa, Amparo MacKenzie, S. TI Behavioural fever is a synergic signal amplifying the innate immune response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE behavioural fever; anti-viral response; gene-environment interaction ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS; SEPTICEMIA RHABDOVIRUS; TEMPERATURE; CYTOSCAPE; SURVIVAL; RECOGNITION; REFLEX; FISH; TRANSCRIPTOME AB Behavioural fever, defined as an acute change in thermal preference driven by pathogen recognition, has been reported in a variety of invertebrates and ectothermic vertebrates. It has been suggested, but so far not confirmed, that such changes in thermal regime favour the immune response and thus promote survival. Here, we show that zebrafish display behavioural fever that acts to promote extensive and highly specific temperature-dependent changes in the brain transcriptome. The observed coupling of the immune response to fever acts at the gene-environment level to promote a robust, highly specific time-dependent anti-viral response that, under viral infection, increases survival. Fish that are not offered a choice of temperatures and that therefore cannot express behavioural fever show decreased survival under viral challenge. This phenomenon provides an underlying explanation for the varied functional responses observed during systemic fever. Given the effects of behavioural fever on survival and the fact that it exists across considerable phylogenetic space, such immunity-environment interactions are likely to be under strong positive selection. C1 [Boltana, Sebastian; Rey, Sonia; Roher, Nerea; Vargas, Reynaldo; Huerta, Mario; MacKenzie, S.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Biotecnol & Biomed, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Huntingford, Felicity Anne] Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Environm & Evolutionary Biol, Fish Biol Grp, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Goetz, Frederick William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Janice] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Garcia-Valtanen, Pablo; Estepa, Amparo] Univ Miguel Hernandez Elche, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Elche, Spain. [Boltana, Sebastian; MacKenzie, S.] Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP MacKenzie, S (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Biotecnol & Biomed, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. EM simon.mackenzie@stir.ac.uk RI Roher, Nerea/F-3216-2016; OI Roher, Nerea/0000-0002-6659-4038; Mackenzie, Simon/0000-0003-1845-6826; Rey Planellas, Sonia/0000-0002-3406-3291 FU Consolider-Ingenio Programme [CSD2007-0002, AGL2011-28921-C03-01]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education, Spain; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain FX This study was supported by the Consolider-Ingenio Programme 2010, project CSD2007-0002 and AGL2011-28921-C03-01 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education, Spain to S.M. and A.E. N.R. (Ramon y Cajal Program) is funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2013 VL 280 IS 1766 AR 20131381 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.1381 PG 11 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 180TR UT WOS:000321621000016 PM 23843398 ER PT J AU Graven, HD Keeling, RF Piper, SC Patra, PK Stephens, BB Wofsy, SC Welp, LR Sweeney, C Tans, PP Kelley, JJ Daube, BC Kort, EA Santoni, GW Bent, JD AF Graven, H. D. Keeling, R. F. Piper, S. C. Patra, P. K. Stephens, B. B. Wofsy, S. C. Welp, L. R. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. Kelley, J. J. Daube, B. C. Kort, E. A. Santoni, G. W. Bent, J. D. TI Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; AMPLITUDE INCREASE; PLANT-GROWTH; MAUNA-LOA; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; TRENDS; ALASKA; DISTURBANCE; FORESTS AB Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45 degrees to 90 degrees N but by less than 25% for 10 degrees to 45 degrees N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle. C1 [Graven, H. D.; Keeling, R. F.; Piper, S. C.; Welp, L. R.; Bent, J. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Patra, P. K.] Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Daube, B. C.; Santoni, G. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, J. J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Kort, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Graven, HD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hgraven@ucsd.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Graven, Heather/0000-0003-3934-2502 FU DOE [DE-SC0005090]; NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388, ATM-0628452, ATM-1036399]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); NASA [NNX11AF36G]; U.S. Navy/Office of Naval Research [N00014-67-A-0103-0007]; NSF; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Green Network of Excellence program; Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results program FX The Scripps CO2 Program is supported by DOE grant DE-SC0005090. HIPPO was supported by NSF grants ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388, ATM-0628452, and ATM-1036399, and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Recovery and updating of early aircraft, MLO, and BRW data was supported by NSF grant ATM-1036399. L. R. W. was supported by NASA award NNX11AF36G. Early observations at BRW were funded by U.S. Navy/Office of Naval Research contract N00014-67-A-0103-0007. Online access to all observational data is summarized in section SM10 of the supplementary materials. NCAR is supported by the NSF. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, NSF, DOE or NASA. We thank the HIPPO science team and the crew and support staff at the NCAR Research Aviation Facility. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. Support of the CMIP data sets is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. C. Roedenbeck provided assistance with the TM3 model. P. K. P. is partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Green Network of Excellence program. G. W. S. acknowledges support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results program. NR 44 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 13 U2 190 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 6 PY 2013 VL 341 IS 6150 BP 1085 EP 1089 DI 10.1126/science.1239207 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 211TG UT WOS:000323933100037 PM 23929948 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Liu, XF Majzoub, EH Vajo, JJ Gross, AF AF Verdal, Nina Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. Liu, Xiangfeng Majzoub, Eric H. Vajo, John J. Gross, Adam F. TI Dynamical Perturbations of Tetrahydroborate Anions in LiBH4 due to Nanoconfinement in Controlled-Pore Carbon Scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NANOPOROUS CARBON; REORIENTATIONS; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN; MOTIONS; RAMAN AB Neutron vibrational spectroscopy and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) were used to probe the dynamical properties of BH4 anions in both bulk LiBH4 and LiBH4 confined in nanoporous carbons (NPCs) having =4-nm-diameter, hexagonally arranged, cylindrical pores. The BH4 torsional band of the confined LiBH4 is significantly broadened relative to that of bulk LiBH4, reflecting a disruption of the bulk crystal lattice and thus a broader distribution of BH4- rotational potentials. QENS measurements of bulk orthorhombic LiBH4 indicate a single quasielastic component yielding an activation energy for localized BH4- jump reorientation of 19.2 +/- 0.8 kJ/mol, consistent with previous QENS and NMR results. At room temperature, the measurements are in good agreement with BH4- reorientational jumps about a single C-2 or C3 tetrahedral symmetry axis, with evidence for multiaxis rotations emerging as the temperature increases. In contrast, the QENS spectra of the NPC-confined LiBH4 exhibit two quasielastic components, one an order of magnitude broader than the other. The narrower component is presumably associated with more slowly reorienting BH4 anions in the interior of the pores and the broader component with much more rapidly reorienting BH4 anions in the vicinity of the pore surfaces. For 4-nm pores, these components yield two corresponding activation energies for reorientation: 16 +/- 1 and 10.6 +/- 0.7 kJ/mol. The data suggest that both components undergo single C-2- or C3-axis reorientational jumps below 330 K, albeit with one an order of magnitude faster than the other. By 400 K (which is above the bulk phase transition temperature), both reorient more diffusively around multiple axes. These results were found to be qualitatively consistent with comparative dynamical measurements of LiBH4 confined in a 13-nm-average-pore-size carbon aerogel, which exhibited a much broader pore size distribution. C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Xiangfeng; Majzoub, Eric H.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Nanosci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Liu, Xiangfeng; Majzoub, Eric H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Liu, Xiangfeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Mat Sci & Optoelect Technol, Beijing 10049, Peoples R China. [Vajo, John J.; Gross, Adam F.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov FU DOE-EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-EE0002978, DE-AC0494AL85000, DE-FC36-05GO15067]; Hundred Talents Project; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB833101]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Michael R. Hartman for his assistance in the preparation of the partially filled aerogel sample. This work was supported in part by DOE-EERE under Grants DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-EE0002978, DE-AC0494AL85000, and DE-FC36-05GO15067. The Work at the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was supported by "Hundred Talents Project" and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB833101). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 5 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 35 BP 17983 EP 17995 DI 10.1021/jp4063737 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 296CN UT WOS:000330162800011 ER PT J AU Abecassis, M Senina, I Lehodey, P Gaspar, P Parker, D Balazs, G Polovina, J AF Abecassis, Melanie Senina, Inna Lehodey, Patrick Gaspar, Philippe Parker, Denise Balazs, George Polovina, Jeffrey TI A Model of Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Habitat and Movement in the Oceanic North Pacific SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FISHERIES BYCATCH; LONGLINE FISHERY; PELAGIC HABITAT; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS MODEL; BODY-SIZE; JUVENILE; TUNA; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION AB Habitat preferences for juvenile loggerhead turtles in the North Pacific were investigated with data from two several-year long tagging programs, using 224 satellite transmitters deployed on wild and captive-reared turtles. Animals ranged between 23 and 81 cm in straight carapace length. Tracks were used to investigate changes in temperature preferences and speed of the animals with size. Average sea surface temperatures along the tracks ranged from 18 to 23 degrees C. Bigger turtles generally experienced larger temperature ranges and were encountered in warmer surface waters. Seasonal differences between small and big turtles suggest that the larger ones dive deeper than the mixed layer and subsequently target warmer surface waters to rewarm. Average swimming speeds were under 1 km/h and increased with size for turtles bigger than 30 cm. However, when expressed in body lengths per second (bl s(-1)), smaller turtles showed much higher swimming speeds (>1 bl s(-1)) than bigger ones (0.5 bl s(-1)). Temperature and speed values at size estimated from the tracks were used to parameterize a habitat- based Eulerian model to predict areas of highest probability of presence in the North Pacific. The model-generated habitat index generally matched the tracks closely, capturing the north-south movements of tracked animals, but the model failed to replicate observed east-west movements, suggesting temperature and foraging preferences are not the only factors driving large-scale loggerhead movements. Model outputs could inform potential bycatch reduction strategies. C1 [Abecassis, Melanie; Parker, Denise] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Senina, Inna; Lehodey, Patrick; Gaspar, Philippe] Collecte Localisat Satellite, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Balazs, George; Polovina, Jeffrey] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Abecassis, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM melanie.abecassis@noaa.gov OI Lehodey, Patrick/0000-0002-2753-4796 NR 72 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 37 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 9 AR e73274 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073274 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219CG UT WOS:000324481600062 PM 24039901 ER PT J AU Moore, M Berejikian, BA Tezak, EP AF Moore, Megan Berejikian, Barry A. Tezak, Eugene P. TI A Floating Bridge Disrupts Seaward Migration and Increases Mortality of Steelhead Smolts in Hood Canal, Washington State SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COLUMBIA RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HARBOR SEALS; MARINE MORTALITY; PHOCA-VITULINA; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; PREDATION AB Background: Habitat modifications resulting from human transportation and power-generation infrastructure (e.g., roads, dams, bridges) can impede movement and alter natural migration patterns of aquatic animal populations, which may negatively affect survival and population viability. Full or partial barriers are especially problematic for migratory species whose life histories hinge on habitat connectivity. Methodology/Principal Findings: The Hood Canal Bridge, a floating structure spanning the northern outlet of Hood Canal in Puget Sound, Washington, extends 3.6 meters underwater and forms a partial barrier for steelhead migrating from Hood Canal to the Pacific Ocean. We used acoustic telemetry to monitor migration behavior and mortality of steelhead smolts passing four receiver arrays and several single receivers within the Hood Canal, Puget Sound, and Strait of Juan de Fuca. Twenty-seven mortality events were detected within the vicinity of the Hood Canal Bridge, while only one mortality was recorded on the other 325 receivers deployed throughout the study area. Migrating steelhead smolts were detected at the Hood Canal Bridge array with greater frequency, on more receivers, and for longer durations than smolts migrating past three comparably configured arrays. Longer migration times and paths are likely to result in a higher density of smolts near the bridge in relation to other sites along the migration route, possibly inducing an aggregative predator response to steelhead smolts. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides strong evidence of substantial migration interference and increased mortality risk associated with the Hood Canal Bridge, and may partially explain low early marine survival rates observed in Hood Canal steelhead populations. Understanding where habitat modifications indirectly increase predation pressures on threatened populations helps inform potential approaches to mitigation. C1 [Moore, Megan; Berejikian, Barry A.; Tezak, Eugene P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA USA. EM megan.moore@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries FX This study was funded through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 5 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 9 AR e73427 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073427 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 219CG UT WOS:000324481600075 PM 24039937 ER PT J AU Richerme, P Senko, C Korenblit, S Smith, J Lee, A Islam, R Campbell, WC Monroe, C AF Richerme, P. Senko, C. Korenblit, S. Smith, J. Lee, A. Islam, R. Campbell, W. C. Monroe, C. TI Quantum Catalysis of Magnetic Phase Transitions in a Quantum Simulator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; LATTICE; SPINS AB We control quantum fluctuations to create the ground state magnetic phases of a classical Ising model with a tunable longitudinal magnetic field using a system of 6 to 10 atomic ion spins. Because of the long-range Ising interactions, the various ground state spin configurations are separated by multiple first-order phase transitions, which in our zero temperature system cannot be driven by thermal fluctuations. We instead use a transverse magnetic field as a quantum catalyst to observe the first steps of the complete fractal devil's staircase, which emerges in the thermodynamic limit and can be mapped to a large number of many-body and energy-optimization problems. C1 [Richerme, P.; Senko, C.; Korenblit, S.; Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Richerme, P.; Senko, C.; Korenblit, S.; Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Islam, R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Campbell, W. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Richerme, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; IARPA MQCO Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO [W911NF0410234] FX The authors wish to thank Robijn Bruinsma for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) Award No. W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO Award No. W911NF0410234 with funds from the IARPA MQCO Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 10 AR 100506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.100506 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 215TE UT WOS:000324232600003 PM 25166645 ER PT J AU Turgut, E Grychtol, P La-O-Vorakiat, C Adams, DE Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Mathias, S Aeschlimann, M Schneider, CM Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Turgut, Emrah Grychtol, Patrik La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Adams, Daniel E. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Mathias, Stefan Aeschlimann, Martin Schneider, Claus M. Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Ultrafast Demagnetization Measurements Using Extreme Ultraviolet Light: Comparison of Electronic and Magnetic Contributions'" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Comment of Vodungbo et al. recognizes that a unique determination of the refractive-index variation over time is not possible using the data set in our paper, "Ultrafast Demagnetization Measurements Using Extreme Ultraviolet Light: Comparison of Electronic and Magnetic Contributions." Furthermore, it was suggested that the lack of uniqueness allows for the possibility of a very specific time-dependent trajectory of the refractive index in the complex plane that could give rise to a large nonmagnetic modulation of the measured asymmetry, in spite of a negligible change in the s-polarized reflectivity. In this Reply, we conclusively show that any nonmagnetic contribution to the measured asymmetry is indeed negligible (< 2%), below the noise level of the magnetic-asymmetry measurements. First, we use a few additional measurements to unambiguously rule out the presence of any nonmagnetic contributions to the signal. Second, we show that the scenario proposed by Vodungbo et al. would require both exotic time and energy dependences of the refractive index near the M edge that are extremely unlikely (virtually impossible) in real materials. Thus, the conclusions of our original article are preserved. C1 [Turgut, Emrah; Grychtol, Patrik; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Adams, Daniel E.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turgut, Emrah; Grychtol, Patrik; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Adams, Daniel E.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turgut, Emrah; Grychtol, Patrik; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Adams, Daniel E.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Schneider, Claus M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Peter Grunberg Inst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Turgut, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Turgut, Emrah/D-2616-2014; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Turgut, Emrah/0000-0001-8846-2223; Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD SEP 4 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 AR 038002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.038002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 211XZ UT WOS:000323946900002 ER PT J AU Hartshorn, CM Lee, YJ Camp, CH Liu, Z Heddleston, J Canfield, N Rhodes, TA Walker, ARH Marsac, PJ Cicerone, MT AF Hartshorn, Christopher M. Lee, Young Jong Camp, Charles H., Jr. Liu, Zhen Heddleston, John Canfield, Nicole Rhodes, Timothy A. Walker, Angela R. Hight Marsac, Patrick J. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Multicomponent Chemical Imaging of Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Forms with Broadband CARS Microscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; QUALITY-CONTROL; INDOMETHACIN; SPECTROSCOPY; BIOAVAILABILITY; TRANSFORM; BLENDS; TABLET; ORDER; FIBER AB We compare a coherent Raman imaging modality, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy, with spontaneous Raman microscopy for quantitative and qualitative assessment of multicomponent pharmaceuticals. Indomethacin was used as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and was analyzed in a tabulated solid dosage form, embedded within commonly used excipients. In comparison with wide-field spontaneous Raman chemical imaging, BCARS acquired images 10x faster, at higher spatiochemical resolution and with spectra of much higher SNR, eliminating the need for multivariate methods to identify chemical components. The significant increase in spatiochemical resolution allowed identification of an unanticipated API phase that was missed by the spontaneous wide-field method and bulk Raman spectroscopy. We confirmed the presence of the unanticipated API phase using that was missed by the spontaneous wide-field method and bulk Raman spectroscopy. We confirmed the presence of the unanticipated API phase using confocal spontaneous Raman, which provided spatiochemical resolution similar to BCARS but at 100x slower acquisition times. C1 [Hartshorn, Christopher M.; Lee, Young Jong; Camp, Charles H., Jr.; Heddleston, John; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Canfield, Nicole; Rhodes, Timothy A.] Merck, Analyt Sci, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. [Liu, Zhen; Marsac, Patrick J.] Merck, Mol & Mat Characterizat, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Camp Jr, Charles/0000-0002-5805-1842 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB001046] NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 17 BP 8102 EP 8111 DI 10.1021/ac400671p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 294BL UT WOS:000330017300014 PM 23855585 ER PT J AU Radney, JG Ma, XF Gillis, KA Zachariah, MR Hodges, JT Zangmeister, CD AF Radney, James G. Ma, Xiaofei Gillis, Keith A. Zachariah, Michael R. Hodges, Joseph T. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Direct Measurements of Mass-Specific Optical Cross Sections of Single-Component Aerosol Mixtures SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; PARTICLE MASS; BLACK CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; MIXING STATE; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; EFFECTIVE DENSITY; SOOT; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION AB The optical properties of atmospheric aerosols vary widely, being dependent upon particle composition, morphology, and mixing state. This diversity and complexity of aerosols motivates measurement techniques that can discriminate and quantify a variety of single- and multicomponent aerosols that are both internally and externally mixed. Here, we present a new combination of techniques to directly measure the mass-specific extinction and absorption cross sections of laboratory-generated aerosols that are relevant to atmospheric studies. Our approach employs a tandem differential mobility analyzer, an aerosol particle mass analyzer, cavity ring-down and photoacoustic spectrometers, and a condensation particle counter. This suite of instruments enables measurement of aerosol particle size, mass, extinction and absorption coefficients, and aerosol number density, respectively. Taken together, these observables yield the mass-specific extinction and absorption cross sections without the need to model particle morphology or account for sample collection artifacts. Here we demonstrate the technique in a set of case studies which involve complete separation of aerosol by charge, separation of an external mixture by mass, and discrimination between particle types by effective density. and single-scattering albedo. C1 [Radney, James G.; Ma, Xiaofei; Gillis, Keith A.; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hodges, Joseph T.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Radney, James G.; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Radney, James G.; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Christopher.Zangmeister@nist.gov OI Radney, James/0000-0001-7324-8769 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 17 BP 8319 EP 8325 DI 10.1021/ac401645y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 294BL UT WOS:000330017300043 PM 23875772 ER PT J AU Goncalves, LCP Da Silva, SM DeRose, PC Ando, RA Bastos, EL AF Pires Goncalves, Leticia Christina Da Silva, Sandra Maria DeRose, Paul C. Ando, Romulo Augusto Bastos, Erick Leite TI Beetroot-Pigment-Derived Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Calcium Dipicolinate in Bacterial Spores SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; RAPID DETECTION; BETANIN; LUMINESCENCE; BIOMARKER; CEREUS; ASSAY AB In this proof-of-concept study, we describe the use of the main red beet pigment betanin for the quantification of calcium dipicolinate in bacterial spores, including Bacillus anthracis. In the presence of europium(III) ions, betanin is converted to a water-soluble, non-luminescent orange 1: 1 complex with a stability constant of 1.4x10(5) L mol(-1). The addition of calcium dipicolinate, largely found in bacterial spores, changes the color of the aqueous solution of [Eu(Bn)(+)] from orange to magenta. The limit of detection (LOD) of calcium dipicolinate is around 2.0x10(-6) mol L-1 and the LOD determined for both spores, B. cereus and B. anthracis, is (1.1 +/- 0.3)x10(6) spores mL(-1). This simple, green, fast and low cost colorimetric assay was selective for calcium dipicolinate when compared to several analogous compounds. The importance of this work relies on the potential use of betalains, raw natural pigments, as colorimetric sensors for biological applications. C1 [Pires Goncalves, Leticia Christina] Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. [Da Silva, Sandra Maria; DeRose, Paul C.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Chem Sci Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ando, Romulo Augusto; Bastos, Erick Leite] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Fundamental, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Bastos, EL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Fundamental, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM elbastos@iq.usp.br RI Ando, Romulo/C-9665-2012; Bastos, Erick/F-8746-2012; Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012 OI Ando, Romulo/0000-0002-3872-8094; Bastos, Erick/0000-0002-0592-9455; FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [07/00684-6, 11/23036-5]; FAPESP [07/59407-1]; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) [PNPD 427-10/2009] FX Funding was provided by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, 07/00684-6 and 11/23036-5). LCPG was supported by a FAPESP fellowship (07/59407-1) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, PNPD 427-10/2009) fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 9 AR e73701 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0073701 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 217DY UT WOS:000324338200076 PM 24019934 ER PT J AU Pendleton, LH Sutton-Grier, AE Gordon, DR Murray, BC Victor, BE Griffis, RB Lechuga, JAV Giri, C AF Pendleton, Linwood H. Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. Gordon, David R. Murray, Brian C. Victor, Britta E. Griffis, Roger B. Lechuga, Jen A. V. Giri, Chandra TI Considering "Coastal Carbon" in Existing US Federal Statutes and Policies SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agency; assessment; ecosystem service; environmental impact; implementation ID MANGROVES; WETLANDS AB Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses provide important ecosystem services, including nursery habitat for fish, shoreline protection, and the recently recognized service of carbon sequestration and storage. When these wetland ecosystems are degraded or destroyed, the carbon can be released to the atmosphere, where it adds to the concentration of greenhouses gases (GHGs) that contribute to climate change. Many federal statutes and policies specifically require that impacts on ecosystem services be considered in policy implementation. Yet, no federal statute, regulation, or policy accounts directly for the carbon held in coastal habitats. There are a number of federal statutes and policies for which coastal carbon ecosystem services could reasonably be added to environmental and ecosystem considerations already implemented. We look at a subset of these statutes and policies to illustrate how coastal carbon ecosystem services and values might affect the implementation and outcomes of such statutes generally. We identify key steps for the inclusion of the ecosystem services of coastal habitats into the implementation of existing federal policies without statutory changes; doing so would increase the degree to which these policies consider the full economic and ecological impacts of policy actions. C1 [Pendleton, Linwood H.; Gordon, David R.; Murray, Brian C.; Victor, Britta E.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Durham, NC USA. [Pendleton, Linwood H.; Sutton-Grier, Ariana E.; Griffis, Roger B.; Lechuga, Jen A. V.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Giri, Chandra] US Geol Survey, USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Pendleton, LH (reprint author), Nicholas Inst, 2117 Campus Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM linwood.pendleton@duke.edu OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 50 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 41 IS 5 BP 439 EP 456 DI 10.1080/08920753.2013.822294 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 212QS UT WOS:000323998500004 ER PT J AU Bloom, RS Hu, MG Cumby, TD Jin, DS AF Bloom, Ruth S. Hu, Ming-Guang Cumby, Tyler D. Jin, Deborah S. TI Tests of Universal Three-Body Physics in an Ultracold Bose-Fermi Mixture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING PARTICLES; BOUND-STATES; ATOMS; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS AB Recent measurements of Efimov resonances for a number of ultracold atom species have revealed an unexpected universality, in which three-body scattering properties are determined by the van der Waals length of the two-body interaction potential. To investigate whether this universality extends to hetero-nuclear mixtures, we measure loss rate coefficients in an ultracold trapped gas of K-40 and Rb-87 atoms. We find an Efimov-like resonance in the rate of inelastic collisions between (KRb)-K-40-Rb-87 Feshbach molecules and Rb-87 atoms. However, we do not observe any Efimov-related resonances in the rates of inelastic collisions between three atoms. These observations are compared to previous measurements by the LENS group of Efimov resonances in a K-41 and Rb-87 mixture as well as to recent predictions. C1 [Bloom, Ruth S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bloom, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF-GRFP; NDSEG; National Science Foundation [1125844]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors thank Chris Greene, Jose D'Incao, John Bohn, Yujun Wang, and Eric Cornell for discussions. R. S. B. acknowledges support from NSF-GRFP and NDSEG. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844 and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 10 AR 105301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.105301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 211HW UT WOS:000323898300015 PM 25166676 ER PT J AU Purdy, TP Yu, PL Peterson, RW Kampel, NS Regal, CA AF Purdy, T. P. Yu, P. -L. Peterson, R. W. Kampel, N. S. Regal, C. A. TI Strong Optomechanical Squeezing of Light SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-NOISE REDUCTION; RADIATION PRESSURE; GROUND-STATE; CAVITY; MIRROR AB We create squeezed light by exploiting the quantum nature of the mechanical interaction between laser light and a membrane mechanical resonator embedded in an optical cavity. The radiation-pressure shot noise (fluctuating optical force from quantum laser amplitude noise) induces resonator motion well above that of thermally driven motion. This motion imprints a phase shift on the laser light, hence correlating the amplitude and phase noise, a consequence of which is optical squeezing. We experimentally demonstrate strong and continuous optomechanical squeezing of 1.7 +/- 0.2 dB below the shot-noise level. The peak level of squeezing measured near the mechanical resonance is well described by a model whose parameters are independently calibrated and that includes thermal motion of the membrane with no other classical noise sources. C1 [Purdy, T. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Purdy, TP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tpp@jila.colorado.edu RI Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012 OI Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708 FU National Science Foundation [1125844]; ONR; DARPA QuASAR Program; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844, by the ONR Young Investigator Program, and by the DARPA QuASAR Program. C. A. R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. NR 31 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 AR 031012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.031012 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 211GZ UT WOS:000323895600001 ER PT J AU Weber, ED Volstad, JH Christman, MC Lewis, D Dew-Baxter, JR AF Weber, Edward D. Volstad, Jon Helge Christman, Mary C. Lewis, Danny Dew-Baxter, Jodi R. TI Application of a Demographic Model for Evaluating Proposed Oyster-Restoration Actions in Chesapeake Bay SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE oyster; demographic model; Chesapeake Bay; environmental impact statement; environmental risk assessment ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA GMELIN; DISEASE; ARIAKENSIS; RESISTANCE; MORTALITY; SALINITY; HARVEST AB A demographic model was developed for oyster populations in the Chesapeake Bay, USA, to explore population responses to proposed management actions in support of an Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Risk Assessment for oyster restoration. The model indicated that high natural mortality due to disease strongly controlled the population of native Eastern oysters. Continuing restoration effort at recent levels was predicted not to increase oyster populations. An enhanced restoration program that included habitat improvement and stocking would likely increase populations, particularly in areas with lower salinity where disease prevalence was lower. However, population numbers would likely reach a plateau much less than the restoration goal a few years after enhanced restoration efforts ended. A harvest moratorium was predicted to have a smaller positive effect than enhanced restoration. A moratorium likely would take much longer than the 10-year restoration period to meet restoration goals given the present high natural mortality rates. The proposed introduction of non-native Suminoe oysters was not modeled because insufficient data existed with which to parameterize the model. These results were used semi-quantitatively in the Ecological Risk Assessment to evaluate population trajectories and speculate about population changes more than 10years after implementation of a management action. C1 [Weber, Edward D.; Volstad, Jon Helge; Dew-Baxter, Jodi R.] Versar Inc, Columbia, MD USA. [Christman, Mary C.] MCC Stat Consulting, Gainesville, FL USA. [Lewis, Danny] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Weber, ED (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM ed.weber@noaa.gov RI Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU Maryland Department of Natural Resources via University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies; Maryland Department of Natural Resources via Potomac River Fisheries Commission FX We thank S. Schroeter, H. Townsend, and J. Stottrup for reviewing this article. The work reported on in the articles in this series was funded by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, via cooperative agreements with the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies, and the Potomac River Fisheries Commission. Work on the ERA and the EIS was conducted in collaboration with the Maryland Environmental Service and performed under the direction and leadership of a management team comprised of Mr. Thomas O'Connell, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Mr. Jack Travelstead, Virginia Marine Resources Commission, Mr. A. C. Carpenter, Potomac River Fisheries Commission, and Mr. Mark Mansfield, Norfolk District, USACE (CENAO). Technical direction was provided by a Project Delivery Team consisting of representatives of: Norfolk District, USACE (CENAO); Virginia Marine Resources Commission; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Engineering Research and Development Center, USACE (ERDC); Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC); Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR); Potomac River Fisheries Commission; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The assessment relied on the considerable research on the Asian oyster that was carried out by individuals at various universities and government research laboratories. Many of those researchers provided insights into data interpretation and reviewed various parts of the assessment. The large number of contributors to the overall program are identified in the various appendices of the Final PEIS and their contributions to this effort are too numerous to summarize in a brief acknowledgment. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD SEP 3 PY 2013 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1203 DI 10.1080/10807039.2013.767110 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 180PX UT WOS:000321608200005 ER PT J AU Sundqvist, KM Kintas, S Simoen, M Krantz, P Sandberg, M Wilson, CM Delsing, P AF Sundqvist, K. M. Kintas, S. Simoen, M. Krantz, P. Sandberg, M. Wilson, C. M. Delsing, P. TI The pumpistor: A linearized model of a flux-pumped superconducting quantum interference device for use as a negative-resistance parametric amplifier SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION; NOISE; CIRCUIT AB We describe a circuit model for a flux-driven Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). This is useful for developing insight into how these devices perform as active elements in parametric amplifiers. The key concept is that frequency mixing in a flux-pumped SQUID allows for the appearance of an effective negative resistance. In the three-wave, degenerate case treated here, a negative resistance appears only over a certain range of allowed input signal phase. This model readily lends itself to testable predictions of more complicated circuits. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sundqvist, K. M.; Kintas, S.; Simoen, M.; Krantz, P.; Wilson, C. M.; Delsing, P.] Chalmers, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Sandberg, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wilson, C. M.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wilson, C. M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Sundqvist, KM (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM kyle.sundqvist@gmail.com RI Delsing, Per/F-7288-2010; Krantz, Philip/Q-3701-2016 OI Delsing, Per/0000-0002-1222-3506; Krantz, Philip/0000-0002-8553-3353 FU Swedish Research Council; Wallenberg Foundation; EU through the ERC; EU through project SCALEQIT; EU through project SOLID; EU through project PROMISCE FX We acknowledge support from the Swedish Research Council, the Wallenberg Foundation, and the EU through the ERC and the projects SCALEQIT, SOLID, and PROMISCE. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 10 AR 102603 DI 10.1063/1.4819881 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 217VG UT WOS:000324389700041 ER PT J AU Malherbe, J Claverie, F Alvarez, A Fernandez, B Pereiro, R Molloy, JL AF Malherbe, Julien Claverie, Fanny Alvarez, Aitor Fernandez, Beatriz Pereiro, Rosario Molloy, John L. TI Elemental analyses of soil and sediment fused with lithium borate using isotope dilution laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Trace element; Isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Geological reference materials ID LA-ICP-MS; IRIDIUM-STRIP HEATER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; BULK ANALYSIS; ROCK GLASSES; SAMPLES; CALIBRATION; FRACTIONATION; LI2B4O7 AB Quantitative analysis using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) remains challenging primarily due to the lack of appropriate reference materials available for the wide variety of samples of interest and to elemental fractionation effects. Isotopic dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) is becoming the methodology of choice to address these issues because the different isotopes of an element represent near-perfect internal standards. In this work, we investigated the lithium borate fusion of powdered solid samples, including soils, sediments, rock mine waste and a meteorite, as a strategy to homogenously distribute, i.e. equilibrate the elements and the added isotopically enriched standards. A comparison of this methodology using two pulsed laser ablation systems (ArF* excimer and Nd:YAG) with different wavelengths as well as two ICP-MS instruments (quadrupole and double-focusing sector field) was performed. Emphasis was put on using standard equipment to show the potential of the proposed strategy for its application in routine laboratories. Cr, Zn, Ba, Sr and Pb were successfully determined by LA-ICP-IDMS in six Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) representing different matrices of environmental interest. Experimental results showed the SRM fused glasses exhibited a low level of heterogeneity (intra- and inter-sample) for both natural abundance and isotopically enriched samples (RSD <3%, n = 3, 1 sigma). A good agreement between experimental results and the certified values was also observed. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malherbe, Julien; Claverie, Fanny; Molloy, John L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alvarez, Aitor; Fernandez, Beatriz; Pereiro, Rosario] Univ Oviedo, Fac Chem, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. RP Malherbe, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM malherbe.julien@hotmail.fr RI Fernandez, Beatriz/D-1685-2014; OI Fernandez, Beatriz/0000-0002-2592-1442; Pereiro, Rosario/0000-0002-5936-7726 FU "Plan Nacional de I + D + I" (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) [MAT2010-20921-C02-01]; "Plan Nacional de I + D + I" (FEDER Program) [MAT2010-20921-C02-01] FX The authors acknowledge the Smithsonian Institution for providing the powdered Allende meteorite. Moreover, the research group from the University of Oviedo acknowledges support from "Plan Nacional de I + D + I" (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER Program) through MAT2010-20921-C02-01. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 2 PY 2013 VL 793 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 210SS UT WOS:000323855400009 PM 23953208 ER PT J AU Abbatiello, SE Mani, DR Schilling, B MacLean, B Zimmerman, LJ Feng, XD Cusack, MP Sedransk, N Hall, SC Addona, T Allen, S Dodder, NG Ghosh, M Held, JM Hedrick, V Inerowicz, HD Jackson, A Keshishian, H Kim, JW Lyssand, JS Riley, CP Rudnick, P Sadowski, P Shaddox, K Smith, D Tomazela, D Wahlander, A Waldemarson, S Whitwell, CA You, J Zhang, SC Kinsinger, CR Mesri, M Rodriguez, H Borchers, CH Buck, C Fisher, SJ Gibson, BW Liebler, D MacCoss, M Neubert, TA Paulovich, A Regnier, F Skates, SJ Tempst, P Wang, M Carr, SA AF Abbatiello, Susan E. Mani, D. R. Schilling, Birgit MacLean, Brendan Zimmerman, Lisa J. Feng, Xingdong Cusack, Michael P. Sedransk, Nell Hall, Steven C. Addona, Terri Allen, Simon Dodder, Nathan G. Ghosh, Mousumi Held, Jason M. Hedrick, Victoria Inerowicz, H. Dorota Jackson, Angela Keshishian, Hasmik Kim, Jong Won Lyssand, John S. Riley, C. Paige Rudnick, Paul Sadowski, Pawel Shaddox, Kent Smith, Derek Tomazela, Daniela Wahlander, Asa Waldemarson, Sofia Whitwell, Corbin A. You, Jinsam Zhang, Shucha Kinsinger, Christopher R. Mesri, Mehdi Rodriguez, Henry Borchers, Christoph H. Buck, Charles Fisher, Susan J. Gibson, Bradford W. Liebler, Daniel MacCoss, Michael Neubert, Thomas A. Paulovich, Amanda Regnier, Fred Skates, Steven J. Tempst, Paul Wang, Mu Carr, Steven A. TI Design, Implementation and Multisite Evaluation of a System Suitability Protocol for the Quantitative Assessment of Instrument Performance in Liquid Chromatography-Multiple Reaction Monitoring-MS (LC-MRM-MS) SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEPTIDE IMMUNOAFFINITY ENRICHMENT; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; TARGETED PROTEOMICS; ISOTOPE-DILUTION; QUALITY-CONTROL; PROTEINS; PLASMA; LC/MS/MS; ASSAYS AB Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry coupled with stable isotope dilution (SID) and liquid chromatography (LC) is increasingly used in biological and clinical studies for precise and reproducible quantification of peptides and proteins in complex sample matrices. Robust LC-SID-MRM-MS-based assays that can be replicated across laboratories and ultimately in clinical laboratory settings require standardized protocols to demonstrate that the analysis platforms are performing adequately. We developed a system suitability protocol (SSP), which employs a predigested mixture of six proteins, to facilitate performance evaluation of LC-SID-MRM-MS instrument platforms, configured with nanoflow-LC systems interfaced to triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. The SSP was designed for use with low multiplex analyses as well as high multiplex approaches when software-driven scheduling of data acquisition is required. Performance was assessed by monitoring of a range of chromatographic and mass spectrometric metrics including peak width, chromatographic resolution, peak capacity, and the variability in peak area and analyte retention time (RT) stability. The SSP, which was evaluated in 11 laboratories on a total of 15 different instruments, enabled early diagnoses of LC and MS anomalies that indicated suboptimal LC-MRM-MS performance. The observed range in variation of each of the metrics scrutinized serves to define the criteria for optimized LCSID- MRM-MS platforms for routine use, with pass/ fail criteria for system suitability performance measures defined as peak area coefficient of variation < 0.15, peak width coefficient of variation < 0.15, standard deviation of RT < 0.15 min (9 s), and the RT drift < 0.5min (30 s). The deleterious effect of a marginally performing LC-SID-MRM-MS system on the limit of quantification (LOQ) in targeted quantitative assays illustrates the use and need for a SSP to establish robust and reliable system performance. Use of a SSP helps to ensure that analyte quantification measurements can be replicated with good precision within and across multiple laboratories and should facilitate more widespread use of MRM-MS technology by the basic biomedical and clinical laboratory research communities. C1 [Abbatiello, Susan E.; Mani, D. R.; Addona, Terri; Keshishian, Hasmik; Carr, Steven A.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Schilling, Birgit; Cusack, Michael P.; Held, Jason M.; Gibson, Bradford W.] Buck Inst Res Aging, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [MacLean, Brendan; Tomazela, Daniela; MacCoss, Michael] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zimmerman, Lisa J.; Shaddox, Kent; Whitwell, Corbin A.; Liebler, Daniel] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Feng, Xingdong; Sedransk, Nell] Natl Inst Stat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Hall, Steven C.; Allen, Simon; Fisher, Susan J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Dodder, Nathan G.; Rudnick, Paul] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ghosh, Mousumi; Tempst, Paul] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Hedrick, Victoria; Inerowicz, H. Dorota; Riley, C. Paige; Buck, Charles; Regnier, Fred] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jackson, Angela; Smith, Derek; Borchers, Christoph H.] Univ Victoria, Genome BC Prote Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Kim, Jong Won; You, Jinsam; Wang, Mu] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lyssand, John S.; Sadowski, Pawel; Wahlander, Asa; Waldemarson, Sofia; Neubert, Thomas A.] NYU, Sch Med, Kimmel Ctr Biol & Med, Skirball Inst, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Lyssand, John S.; Sadowski, Pawel; Wahlander, Asa; Waldemarson, Sofia; Neubert, Thomas A.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Zhang, Shucha; Paulovich, Amanda] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Kinsinger, Christopher R.; Mesri, Mehdi; Rodriguez, Henry] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Skates, Steven J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Biostat Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Abbatiello, SE (reprint author), Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, 7 Cambridge Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM susana@broad.mit.edu RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015; OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767; Tempst, Paul/0000-0002-6680-3987; Held, Jason/0000-0001-8024-2736; Liebler, Daniel/0000-0002-7873-3031 FU National Cancer Institute [U24 CA126476, U24 126477, U24 126480, U24 CA126485, U24 126479]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB9H9001]; NCRR [S10 RR0021222]; National Institute of Statistical Sciences FX This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute (U24 CA126476, U24 126477, U24 126480, U24 CA126485, and U24 126479), part of NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer (http://proteomics.cancer.gov) initiative. A component of this initiative is the Clinical Proteomic Technology Assessment for Cancer (CPTAC) Network and teams, which include the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Victoria and the Plasma Proteome Institute), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (with the Skirball Institute at New York University), Purdue University (with Monarch Life Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and the Hoosier Oncology Group), University of California, San Francisco (with the Buck Institute for Age Research, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center), and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (with the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Washington, and the University of Arizona). The UCSF CPTAC team gratefully acknowledges the support of the Canary Foundation for providing funds to purchase a 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer. The Vanderbilt CPTAC team was additionally supported by Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB9H9001 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. BWG acknowledges instrumentation to the Buck Institute from an NCRR Shared Instrumentation grant S10 RR0021222. The NCI CPTAC also supported the work by the National Institute of Statistical Sciences. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 EI 1535-9484 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD SEP PY 2013 VL 12 IS 9 BP 2623 EP 2639 DI 10.1074/mcp.M112.027078 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 301MM UT WOS:000330536400019 PM 23689285 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Bruno, TJ AF Widegren, Jason A. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Thermal Stability of RP-2 as a Function of Composition: The Effect of Linear, Branched, and Cyclic Alkanes SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID C-10-C-14 NORMAL-ALKANES; DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; REACTION-MECHANISMS; N-DODECANE; FUELS; 1,3,5-TRIISOPROPYLCYCLOHEXANE; PROPELLANTS AB The objective of this work was to identify compositional changes that could improve the thermal stability of the kerosene rocket propellant known as RP-2. For this study, we probed the effect of different types of alkanes on the thermal stability of RP-2. The proportion of linear, branched, or cyclic alkanes was increased by mixing RP-2 with one of the following alkanes (25% by mass): n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, 4-methyldodecane, 2,6,10-trimethyldodecane, or 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane. These mixtures were thermally stressed in stainless steel ampule reactors at 673 K (400 degrees C, 752 degrees F) for up to 4 h. After each reaction, the stressed fuel was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The decomposition kinetics of each added alkane was determined from the decrease in its chromatographic peak. The overall decomposition kinetics of each fuel mixture was determined from the increase in a suite of chromatographic peaks that correspond to light decomposition products. These data are compared to similar data for neat RP-2. C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F4FBEX1053G001] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR F4FBEX1053G001). We thank Matthew Billingsley (AFRL, Edwards Air Force Base) and Ronald Bates (CPIAC) for useful discussions and for supplying the RP-2. We thank Marcia Huber (National Institute of Standards and Technology) for calculations of reaction pressure. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 9 BP 5138 EP 5143 DI 10.1021/ef401677g PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 295ES UT WOS:000330100000012 ER PT J AU Herzing, AA Ro, HW Soles, CL Delongchamp, DM AF Herzing, Andrew A. Ro, Hyun Wook Soles, Christopher L. Delongchamp, Dean M. TI Visualization of Phase Evolution in Model Organic Photovoltaic Structures via Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE TEM; EF-TEM; organic photovoltaics; microanalysis; P3HT; PCBM ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; POLYMER-FULLERENE BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; NANOSCALE; TEM; ORGANIZATION; SPECIMEN; PCBM AB The morphology of the active layer in an organic photovoltaic bulk-heterojunction device is controlled by the extent and nature of phase separation during processing. We have studied the effects of fullerene crystallinity during heat treatment in model structures consisting of a layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) sandwiched between two layers of [6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Utilizing a combination of focused ion-beam milling and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, we monitored the local changes in phase distribution as a function of annealing time at 140 degrees C. In both cases, dissolution of PCBM within the surrounding P3HT was directly visualized and quantitatively described. In the absence of crystalline PCBM, the overall phase distribution remained stable after intermediate annealing times up to 60s, whereas microscale PCBM aggregates were observed after annealing for 300 s. Aggregate growth proceeded vertically from the substrate interface via uptake of PCBM from the surrounding region, resulting in a large PCBM-depleted region in their vicinity. When precrystallized PCBM was present, amorphous PCBM was observed to segregate from the intermediate P3HT layer and ripen the crystalline PCBM underneath, owing to the far lower solubility of crystalline PCBM within P3HT. This process occurred rapidly, with segregation already evident after annealing for 10 s and with uptake of nearly all of the amorphous PCBM by the crystalline layer after 60s. No microscale aggregates were observed in the precrystallized system, even after annealing for 300 s. C1 [Herzing, Andrew A.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.; Delongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Herzing, AA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.herzing@nist.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2013 VL 7 IS 9 BP 7937 EP 7944 DI 10.1021/nn402992y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 294BH UT WOS:000330016900053 PM 23930979 ER PT J AU Baumann-Pickering, S McDonald, MA Simonis, AE Berga, AS Merkens, KPB Oleson, EM Roch, MA Wiggins, SM Rankin, S Yack, TM Hildebrand, JA AF Baumann-Pickering, Simone McDonald, Mark A. Simonis, Anne E. Solsona Berga, Alba Merkens, Karlina P. B. Oleson, Erin M. Roch, Marie A. Wiggins, Sean M. Rankin, Shannon Yack, Tina M. Hildebrand, John A. TI Species-specific beaked whale echolocation signals SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VOCAL-TRACT LENGTH; BODY-SIZE; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; BATS; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY; CONSTRAINTS; ACOUSTICS; DOLPHINS; PACIFIC AB Beaked whale echolocation signals are mostly frequency-modulated (FM) upsweep pulses and appear to be species specific. Evolutionary processes of niche separation may have driven differentiation of beaked whale signals used for spatial orientation and foraging. FM pulses of eight species of beaked whales were identified, as well as five distinct pulse types of unknown species, but presumed to be from beaked whales. Current evidence suggests these five distinct but unidentified FM pulse types are also species-specific and are each produced by a separate species. There may be a relationship between adult body length and center frequency with smaller whales producing higher frequency signals. This could be due to anatomical and physiological restraints or it could be an evolutionary adaption for detection of smaller prey for smaller whales with higher resolution using higher frequencies. The disadvantage of higher frequencies is a shorter detection range. Whales echolocating with the highest frequencies, or broadband, likely lower source level signals also use a higher repetition rate, which might compensate for the shorter detection range. Habitat modeling with acoustic detections should give further insights into how niches and prey may have shaped species-specific FM pulse types. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Simonis, Anne E.; Merkens, Karlina P. B.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McDonald, Mark A.] WhaleAcoustics, Bellvue, CO 80512 USA. [Solsona Berga, Alba] Univ Barcelona, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Roch, Marie A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rankin, Shannon] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Yack, Tina M.] Biowaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Yack, Tina M.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Baumann-Pickering, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sbaumann@ucsd.edu FU BP; NOAA [20105138] FX We thank the funding agencies Office of Naval Research, Mike Weise; Chief of Naval Operations-N45, Frank Stone, Ernie Young and Bob Gisiner; Pacific Fleet, Chip Johnson; Pacific Life Foundation, Bob Haskell; Ocean Foundation, Mark Spaulding; Naval Post-Graduate School, Curt Collins and John Joseph; BP and the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Partners; and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. We also thank R. Baird, H. Bassett, J. Burtenshaw, G. Campbell, T. Christianson, C. Garsha, R. Gottlieb, E. Henderson, B. Hurley, J. Hurwitz, E. Jacobsen, J. Larese, T. Margolina, D. McSweeney, C. Oedekoven, E. Roth, G. Schorr, B. Thayre, and D. Webster for fieldwork, gear and analysis support. This material is partially based upon work supported by BP and NOAA under Award Number 20105138. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of BP and/or any State or Federal Natural Resource Trustee. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 34 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 134 IS 3 BP 2293 EP 2301 DI 10.1121/1.4817832 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 294LG UT WOS:000330047000056 PM 23967959 ER PT J AU Barlow, J Tyack, PL Johnson, MP Baird, RW Schorr, GS Andrews, RD de Soto, NA AF Barlow, Jay Tyack, Peter L. Johnson, Mark P. Baird, Robin W. Schorr, Gregory S. Andrews, Russel D. Aguilar de Soto, Natacha TI Trackline and point detection probabilities for acoustic surveys of Cuvier's and Blainville's beaked whales SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; PASSIVE ACOUSTICS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; HARBOR PORPOISE; AERIAL SURVEYS; ECHOLOCATION; ABUNDANCE; BAHAMAS AB Acoustic survey methods can be used to estimate density and abundance using sounds produced by cetaceans and detected using hydrophones if the probability of detection can be estimated. For passive acoustic surveys, probability of detection at zero horizontal distance from a sensor, commonly called g(0), depends on the temporal patterns of vocalizations. Methods to estimate g(0) are developed based on the assumption that a beaked whale will be detected if it is producing regular echolocation clicks directly under or above a hydrophone. Data from acoustic recording tags placed on two species of beaked whales (Cuvier's beaked whale-Ziphius cavirostris and Blainville's beaked whale-Mesoplodon densirostris) are used to directly estimate the percentage of time they produce echolocation clicks. A model of vocal behavior for these species as a function of their diving behavior is applied to other types of dive data (from time-depth recorders and time-depth-transmitting satellite tags) to indirectly determine g(0) in other locations for low ambient noise conditions. Estimates of g(0) for a single instant in time are 0.28 [standard deviation (s.d.) = 0.05] for Cuvier's beaked whale and 0.19 (s.d. = 0.01) for Blainville's beaked whale. C1 [Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.; Johnson, Mark P.] Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY15 5NT, Fife, Scotland. [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Aguilar de Soto, Natacha] Univ La Laguna, BIOECOMAC, Dept Anim Biol, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jay.Barlow@noaa.gov FU U.S. Navy (ONR) [N45]; U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology); U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acoustics Program; NMFS's Southwest Fisheries Science Center; NMFS's Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; M.R. and Evelyn Hudson Foundation; Wild Whale Research Foundation; Joint Industry Program on Sound; National Ocean Partnership Program; Packard Foundation; Canary Islands Government; Spanish Ministries of Defense and Environment; project LIFE-Indemares; Cabildo Insular de El Hierro; Marine Life Program of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers; Marie Curie fellowship from the 7th EU Frame Program; Navy's Southern California Offshore Range FX Tagging in Hawaii was conducted under Scientific Research Permit No. 731, 774, and 540-1811 issued by the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Dtagging in European waters was conducted under US NMFS permits 981-1578-02 and 981-1707-00 and annual permits from the Canary Islands Government to the University of La Laguna. Tagging in the Bahamas was conducted under US NMFS permits issued to John Boreman (Permit No. 1121-1900) and to Peter Tyack (Permit No. 981-1578), and issued by the Government of the Bahamas to the Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation (Bahamas permit No. 01/09) and Ian Boyd (Bahamas permit Nos. 02/07 and 02/08). The Dtagging was approved by the WHOI and BMMRO Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees and the Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the University of St Andrews. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Navy (N45 and ONR), the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (www.serdp.org), the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology) (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/), U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acoustics Program (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/), NMFS's Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS's Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, the M.R. and Evelyn Hudson Foundation, the Wild Whale Research Foundation, the Joint Industry Program on Sound, National Ocean Partnership Program, the Packard Foundation, the Canary Islands Government, the Spanish Ministries of Defense and Environment, the project LIFE-Indemares, the Cabildo Insular de El Hierro, and the Marine Life Program of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (www.soundandmarinelife.org). N.A.S. is currently funded by a Marie Curie fellowship from the 7th EU Frame Program. This manuscript was improved by helpful reviews by Jeffrey E. Moore, William F. Perrin, and Jeffrey L. Laake. The authors gratefully acknowledge the invaluable support of field personnel in all tagging locations, especially Patricia Arranz, Alex Bocconcelli, Andrea Fais, Erin Falcone, Jeff Foster, Leigh Hickmott, Allan Ligon, Peter T. Madsen, Jacobo Marrero, Lucia Martin, Dan McSweeney, and Daniel Webster. We thank Dave Moretti and his team from the Marine Mammal Monitoring on Ranges, and the support from the Navy's Southern California Offshore Range. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 32 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 134 IS 3 BP 2486 EP 2496 DI 10.1121/1.4816573 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 294LG UT WOS:000330047000074 PM 23968046 ER PT J AU Lammers, MO Castellote, M Small, RJ Atkinson, S Jenniges, J Rosinski, A Oswald, JN Garner, C AF Lammers, Marc O. Castellote, Manuel Small, Robert J. Atkinson, Shannon Jenniges, Justin Rosinski, Anne Oswald, Julie N. Garner, Chris TI Passive acoustic monitoring of Cook Inlet beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; WHITE WHALES; VOCALIZATIONS; REPERTOIRE; BEHAVIOR; ESTUARY AB The endangered beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population in Cook Inlet, AK faces threats from a variety of anthropogenic factors, including coastal development, oil and gas exploration, vessel traffic, and military activities. To address existing gaps in understanding about the occurrence of belugas in Cook Inlet, a project was developed to use passive acoustic monitoring to document the year-round distribution of belugas, as well as killer whales (Orcinus orca), which prey on belugas. Beginning in June 2009, ten moorings were deployed throughout the Inlet and refurbished every two to eight months. Despite challenging conditions consisting of strong tidal currents carrying debris and seasonal ice cover, 83% of mooring deployments were successfully recovered. Noise from water flow, vessel traffic, and/or industrial activities was present at several sites, potentially masking some signals. However, belugas were successfully detected at multiple locations. Detections were relatively common in the upper inlet and less common or absent at middle and lower inlet locations. Killer whale signals were also recorded. Some seasonal variability in the occurrence of both belugas and killer whales was evident. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Lammers, Marc O.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Small, Robert J.; Jenniges, Justin] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rosinski, Anne] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Garner, Chris] BioWaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Garner, Chris] US Air Force, Joint Base Elmendorf Ric, AK 99506 USA. RP Lammers, MO (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM lammers@hawaii.edu FU NOAA Fisheries Grant [NA07NMF4390364] FX We are grateful to Sean Wiggins who created Triton and Lisa Munger who adapted it for EAR data analysis. Jennifer Ewald and David Lee provided technical assistance on mooring design, and Dave McKay and Bill Choate assisted with the deployment of moorings. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA Fisheries Grant No. NA07NMF4390364. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 27 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 134 IS 3 BP 2497 EP 2504 DI 10.1121/1.4816575 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 294LG UT WOS:000330047000075 PM 23968047 ER PT J AU Valtierra, RD Holt, RG Cholewiak, D Van Parijs, SM AF Valtierra, Robert D. Holt, R. Glynn Cholewiak, Danielle Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Calling depths of baleen whales from single sensor data: Development of an autocorrelation method using multipath localization SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC DETECTION; HYDROPHONE ARRAY; SPERM-WHALE; PACIFIC; TRACKING; DISTANCE; VOCALIZATIONS AB Multipath localization techniques have not previously been applied to baleen whale vocalizations due to difficulties in application to tonal vocalizations. Here it is shown that an autocorrelation method coupled with the direct reflected time difference of arrival localization technique can successfully resolve location information. A derivation was made to model the autocorrelation of a direct signal and its overlapping reflections to illustrate that an autocorrelation may be used to extract reflection information from longer duration signals containing a frequency sweep, such as some calls produced by baleen whales. An analysis was performed to characterize the difference in behavior of the autocorrelation when applied to call types with varying parameters (sweep rate, call duration). The method's feasibility was tested using data from playback transmissions to localize an acoustic transducer at a known depth and location. The method was then used to estimate the depth and range of a single North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) from two separate experiments. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Valtierra, Robert D.; Holt, R. Glynn] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Cholewiak, Danielle; Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, Protected Species Branch, North East Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Valtierra, RD (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 110 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU N45 Living Marine Resources Applied Research Program FX For assistance in collecting data off Massachusetts, we thank the staff and vessel crew of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the R/V Auk, and colleagues at the Northeast Fisheries Science Center and Cornell University. For assistance in collecting data off Socorro, Mexico, we thank the Armada de Mexico for making that work possible, as well as Jeff Jacobsen, Jorge Urban-Ramirez, and colleagues who helped in the field. For research funding we thank the N45 Living Marine Resources Applied Research Program. We also thank Ronald Roy, who provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 134 IS 3 BP 2571 EP 2581 DI 10.1121/1.4816582 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 294LG UT WOS:000330047000082 PM 23968054 ER PT J AU Yack, TM Barlow, J Calambokidis, J Southall, B Coates, S AF Yack, Tina M. Barlow, Jay Calambokidis, John Southall, Brandon Coates, Shannon TI Passive acoustic monitoring using a towed hydrophone array results in identification of a previously unknown beaked whale habitat SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION; BAHAMAS; PREY; GAS AB Beaked whales are diverse and species rich taxa. They spend the vast majority of their time submerged, regularly diving to depths of hundreds to thousands of meters, typically occur in small groups, and behave inconspicuously at the surface. These factors make them extremely difficult to detect using standard visual survey methods. However, recent advancements in acoustic detection capabilities have made passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) a viable alternative. Beaked whales can be discriminated from other odontocetes by the unique characteristics of their echolocation clicks. In 2009 and 2010, PAM methods using towed hydrophone arrays were tested. These methods proved highly effective for real-time detection of beaked whales in the Southern California Bight (SCB) and were subsequently implemented in 2011 to successfully detect and track beaked whales during the ongoing Southern California Behavioral Response Study. The three year field effort has resulted in (1) the successful classification and tracking of Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), Baird's (Berardius bairdii), and unidentified Mesoplodon beaked whale species and (2) the identification of areas of previously unknown beaked whale habitat use. Identification of habitat use areas will contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationship between beaked whale distribution, occurrence, and preferred habitat characteristics on a relatively small spatial scale. These findings will also provide information that can be used to promote more effective management and conservation of beaked whales in the SCB, a heavily used Naval operation and training region. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Yack, Tina M.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Southall, Brandon] SEA Inc, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Coates, Shannon] Biowaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Southall, Brandon] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Yack, TM (reprint author), Biowaves Inc, 364 2nd St,Suite 3, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. EM tina.yack@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Navy, Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness Division [OPNAV N45] FX We would like to acknowledge our funding sources, namely, Mike Weise and Dana Belden at the Office of Naval Research and Frank Stone and Bob Gisner of U.S. Navy, Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness Division (OPNAV N45). We thank all of the participants of the surveys especially Barb Taylor, Lisa Ballance, Bob Pitman, Sophie Webb, Suzanne Yin, Megan McKenna, Danielle Cholewiak, Alison Stimpert, Annie Douglas, Todd Pusser, Greg Schorr, Erin Falcone, and Daniel Webster, as well as all of the other researchers, captains, and crew members associated with the SOCAL-BRS surveys for valuable support and field assistance. Most of this work was carried out as part of the SOCAL-BRS. We thank all of our BRS collaborators for inviting us to participate in the study. We are also grateful for PAMGUARD software support and module contributions from Doug Gillespie and Mike Oswald. This work was conducted in conjunction with the SOCAL-BRS and was consistent with/carried out under NMFS permit No. 14534. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 134 IS 3 BP 2589 EP 2595 DI 10.1121/1.4816585 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 294LG UT WOS:000330047000084 PM 23968056 ER PT J AU Liu, BL Liu, J Tu, XM Zhang, JL Zheng, M Zhou, CW AF Liu, Bilu Liu, Jia Tu, Xiaomin Zhang, Jialu Zheng, Ming Zhou, Chongwu TI Chirality-Dependent Vapor-Phase Epitaxial Growth and Termination of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotube; chirality; vapor-phase epitaxy; growth rate; lifetime; termination mechanism ID GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS; CATALYST; NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISM; DIAMETER; HYDROGEN; ALCOHOL; ROUTE; RATES AB Structurally uniform and chirality-pure single-wall carbon nanotubes are highly desired for both fundamental study and many of their technological applications, such as electronics, optoelectronics, and biomedical imaging. Considerable efforts have been invested in the synthesis of nanotubes with defined chiralities by tuning the growth recipes but the approach has only limited success. Recently, we have shown that chirality-pure short nanotubes can be used as seeds for vapor-phase epitaxial cloning growth, opening up a new route toward chirality-controlled carbon nanotube synthesis. Nevertheless, the yield of vapor-phase epitaxial growth is rather limited at the present stage, due in large part to the lack of mechanistic understanding of the process. Here we report chirality-dependent growth kinetics and termination mechanism for the vapor-phase epitaxial growth of seven single-chirality nanotubes of (9, 1), (6, 5), (8, 3), (7, 6), (10, 2), (6, 6), and (7, 7), covering near zigzag, medium chiral angle, and near armchair semiconductors, as well as armchair metallic nanotubes. Our results reveal that the growth rates of nanotubes increase with their chiral angles while the active lifetimes of the growth hold opposite trend. Consequently, the chirality distribution of a nanotube ensemble is jointly determined by both growth rates and lifetimes. These results correlate nanotube structures and properties with their growth behaviors and deepen our understanding of chirality-controlled growth of nanotubes. C1 [Liu, Bilu; Liu, Jia; Zhang, Jialu; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Liu, Bilu; Liu, Jia; Zhang, Jialu; Zhou, Chongwu] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov; chongwuz@usc.edu RI Liu, Bilu/B-2287-2010; Zhou, Chongwu/F-7483-2010; Zhang, Jialu/B-3991-2011; liu, jia/K-4605-2015 FU Office of Naval Research; Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). We acknowledge Professor Stephen Cronin of University of Southern California for access to 532 and 633 nm Raman facility, and Professor Boris I. Yakobson of Rice University for helpful discussions. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 99 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 4416 EP 4421 DI 10.1021/nl402259k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 296BA UT WOS:000330158900072 PM 23937554 ER PT J AU Zhulidov, AV Kozhara, AV Nalepa, TF Gurtovaya, TY Zhulidov, DA AF Zhulidov, Alexander V. Kozhara, Alexander V. Nalepa, Thomas F. Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu Zhulidov, Daniel A. TI Relative abundance of two dreissenid species, Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis in the Lower Don River system, Russia SO AQUATIC INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE zebra mussels; quagga mussels; competitive interactions; mussel trends ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER BIVALVES; COMPARATIVE GROWTH; RANGE EXPANSION; NORTH-AMERICA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; VOLGA RIVER; COMMUNITY; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY AB Relative abundance of two dreissenid species, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and Dreissena polymorpha, in the total dreissenid community was calculated for 15 sites in the lower Don River system, Russia, between 1977 and 2010 to determine relative trends in their sympatric occurrence. The proportion of D. r. bugensis first increased at most stations reaching a maximum by 1999. However, after 1999, this species consistently decreased at 14 of the 15 sites. Degree of decline seems to correlate strongly to calcium content and total mineral content of the water. At sites in the Manych River with a higher Ca2+ and total mineral content, the proportion of D. r. bugensis in the total dreissenid population declined from 65-75% in 1999 to 14-22% by 2009-2010, whereas at sites in the Don River with lower Ca2+ and total mineral content its proportion declined from 25-50% to only 1 %. However, Ca2+ and total mineral content cannot explain the synchronous and consistent long-term decrease in relative numbers as observed. D. r. bugensis normally displaces D. polymorpha over time due to superior physiological characteristics. Reasons for the decline of D. r. bugensis in the total dreissenid community are unclear, but given its synchronicity despite different times of invasion and hence species interactions we assume a macroregional factor affecting all the populations examined. C1 [Zhulidov, Alexander V.; Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu; Zhulidov, Daniel A.] South Russian Reg Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. [Kozhara, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Inland Waters, Borok 152742, Yaroslavl Oblas, Russia. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] Univ Michigan, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Zhulidov@cppis.rsu.ru; akozhara@mail.ru; Thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; Tanya@cppis.rsu.ru; Zhulidov@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC PI HELSINKI PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND SN 1798-6540 EI 1818-5487 J9 AQUAT INVASIONS JI Aquat. Invasions PD SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.3391/ai.2013.8.3.07 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283XD UT WOS:000329279400007 ER PT J AU Kilbane, D Gillaspy, JD Ralchenko, Y Reader, J O'Sullivan, G AF Kilbane, D. Gillaspy, J. D. Ralchenko, Yu Reader, J. O'Sullivan, G. TI Extreme ultraviolet spectra from N-shell ions of Gd, Dy and W SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Ruprecht Karls Univ, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP CAEN, Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum, RoentDek Handels, Struck Innovat Syst HO Ruprecht Karls Univ ID ENERGIES AB Measurements of extreme ultraviolet radiation from gadolinium, dysprosium and tungsten ions with an open n = 4 shell were performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The ions were produced and confined in an electron beam ion trap, and the spectra were recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range 3.5-17.5 nm. These data are useful for the development of future lithography sources and for diagnostics of hot plasmas in fusion devices. C1 [Kilbane, D.; O'Sullivan, G.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Ralchenko, Yu; Reader, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kilbane, D (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM Deirdre.Kilbane@ucd.ie; Yuri.Ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL T156 AR 014012 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2013/T156/014012 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 280IP UT WOS:000329022300013 ER PT J AU Ralchenko, Y Gillaspy, JD Reader, J Osin, D Curry, JJ Podpaly, YA AF Ralchenko, Yu Gillaspy, J. D. Reader, J. Osin, D. Curry, J. J. Podpaly, Y. A. TI Magnetic-dipole lines in 3d(n) ions of high-Z elements: identification, diagnostic potential and dielectronic resonances SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Ruprecht Karls Univ, Heidelberg, GERMANY SP CAEN, Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum, RoentDek Handels, Struck Innovat Syst HO Ruprecht Karls Univ ID RECOMBINATION AB We present a review of measurements and analyses of extreme-ultraviolet magnetic-dipole (M1) lines in 50-60 times ionized atoms of tungsten, hafnium, tantalum and gold with an open 3d shell. The spectra were measured with the electron beam ion trap at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Large-scale collisional-radiative modeling was instrumental in line identification and in analysis of their diagnostic potential. The M1 line ratios are shown to be an accurate and versatile tool for studying the LMN dielectronic resonances in 3d(n) ions. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu; Gillaspy, J. D.; Reader, J.; Osin, D.; Curry, J. J.; Podpaly, Y. A.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL T156 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2013/T156/014082 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 280IP UT WOS:000329022300083 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, DB Rafalski, A Beauchesne, K Moeller, PD Triemer, RE Zimba, PV AF Gutierrez, Danielle B. Rafalski, Alexandra Beauchesne, Kevin Moeller, Peter D. Triemer, Richard E. Zimba, Paul V. TI Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Analysis and Post-Extraction Stability Assessment of the Euglenoid Toxin Euglenophycin SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE euglena; euglenophycin; stability; toxin ID IDENTIFICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; ALGAE AB Euglenophycin is a recently discovered toxin produced by at least one species of euglenoid algae. The toxin has been responsible for several fish mortality events. To facilitate the identification and monitoring of euglenophycin in freshwater ponds, we have developed a specific mass spectrometric method for the identification and quantitation of euglenophycin. The post-extraction stability of the toxin was assessed under various conditions. Euglenophycin was most stable at room temperature. At 8 degrees C there was a small, but statistically significant, loss in toxin after one day. These methods and knowledge of the toxin's stability will facilitate identification of the toxin as a causative agent in fish kills and determination of the toxin's distribution in the organs of exposed fish. C1 [Gutierrez, Danielle B.; Zimba, Paul V.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Rafalski, Alexandra] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beauchesne, Kevin; Moeller, Peter D.] NOAA, NCCOS Ctr Human Hlth Res, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Triemer, Richard E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Ctr Coastal Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM dgutierrez@tamucc.edu; rafalsk2@msu.edu; kevin.beauchesne@noaa.gov; peter.moeller@noaa.gov; triemer@msu.edu; paul.zimba@tamucc.edu RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 FU Morris J. Lichtenstein Medical Foundation; NSF [R01 ES21968-1]; Texas A&M University Corpus Christi Office of Research and Commercialization FX This work was funded by the Morris J. Lichtenstein Medical Foundation, NSF R01 ES21968-1 and Texas A&M University Corpus Christi Office of Research and Commercialization. We thank the Center for Coastal Studies personnel for field assistance during bloom collections. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1587 EP 1596 DI 10.3390/toxins5091587 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 274TI UT WOS:000328628700006 PM 24051554 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Zhizhin, M Hsu, FC Baugh, KE AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Zhizhin, Mikhail Hsu, Feng-Chi Baugh, Kimberly E. TI VIIRS Nightfire: Satellite Pyrometry at Night SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE SNPP; VIIRS; fire detection; gas flaring; biomass burning; fossil fuel carbon emissions ID PIXEL-BASED CALCULATION; FIRE RADIATIVE POWER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODIS AB The Nightfire algorithm detects and characterizes sub-pixel hot sources using multispectral data collected globally, each night, by the Suomi National Polar Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The spectral bands utilized span visible, near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and mid-wave infrared (MWIR). The primary detection band is in the SWIR, centered at 1.6 m. Without solar input, the SWIR spectral band records sensor noise, punctuated by high radiant emissions associated with gas flares, biomass burning, volcanoes, and industrial sites such as steel mills. Planck curve fitting of the hot source radiances yields temperature (K) and emission scaling factor (ESF). Additional calculations are done to estimate source size (m(2)), radiant heat intensity (W/m(2)), and radiant heat (MW). Use of the sensor noise limited M7, M8, and M10 spectral bands at night reduce scene background effects, which are widely reported for fire algorithms based on MWIR and long-wave infrared. High atmospheric transmissivity in the M10 spectral band reduces atmospheric effects on temperature and radiant heat retrievals. Nightfire retrieved temperature estimates for sub-pixel hot sources ranging from 600 to 6,000 K. An intercomparison study of biomass burning in Sumatra from June 2013 found Nightfire radiant heat (MW) to be highly correlated to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Fire Radiative Power (MW). C1 [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail; Hsu, Feng-Chi; Baugh, Kimberly E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; mikhail.zhizhin@noaa.gov; feng-chi.hsu@noaa.gov; kim.baugh@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014 FU NOAA's JPSS Proving Ground program FX The Nightfire development is funded by NOAA's JPSS Proving Ground program. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 33 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 9 BP 4423 EP 4449 DI 10.3390/rs5094423 PG 27 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 274NN UT WOS:000328613300013 ER PT J AU Moser, ML Myers, MS West, JE O'Neill, SM Burke, BJ AF Moser, Mary L. Myers, Mark S. West, James E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Burke, Brian J. TI English Sole Spawning Migration and Evidence for Feeding Site Fidelity in Puget Sound, USA, with Implications for Contaminant Exposure SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flatfish; acoustic telemetry; philopatry; homing; movements ID TOXICOPATHIC HEPATIC-LESIONS; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; SEDIMENT QUALITY; SPATIAL EXTENT; NORTH-SEA; WASHINGTON; PATTERNS; FISH; POLLUTANTS AB English sole is used as a sentinel species for contaminant studies in Puget Sound because it is abundant, easily sampled, and broadly distributed in the northwestern United States. Moreover, this species exhibits a number of well-documented effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. To assess the potential for contaminant exposure during spawning migrations and to track the localized movements of adult English sole in the vicinity of Eagle Harbor, we used acoustic telemetry. In August 2007, we collected 19 English sole from Eagle Harbor, a small embayment of Puget Sound with a long history of PAH contamination and subsequent remediation actions. Fish were surgically implanted with uniquely-coded acoustic transmitters and their movements were tracked via an array of eight submersible receivers inside Eagle Harbor and near its entrance. In addition, we obtained detection data from over 70 other receivers throughout Puget Sound that were maintained by a consortium of regional researchers. All tagged fish were detected immediately after release, and 18 were detected outside of Eagle Harbor at a variety of locations in Puget Sound. Some of these fish made rapid movements across the sound and traveled minimum distances of 32 to 106 km. Half of the fish detected outside Eagle Harbor returned to their capture site in spring 2008, approximately eight months after tagging. This fidelity to summer feeding habitats has important implications for both contaminant studies and flatfish management. In addition, our results illustrate the power of data sharing and the value of pooling resources to maintain large arrays of acoustic receivers. C1 [Moser, Mary L.; Myers, Mark S.; O'Neill, Sandra M.; Burke, Brian J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [West, James E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mary.moser@noaa.gov FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant Program FX For help with fish collection and handling we thank the crews of the FRV Chasina and the RV Harold W. Streeter, and the following individuals: Kinsey Frick, Cathy Laetz, Paul Olson, Sean Sol, and Tidiani Kone. We also thank the U. S. Coast Guard 13th District, Tammy Allen, Ray Buckley, Dan Doty, Ocean Eveningsong, Larry LeClair, Bob Pacunski, Dan Lomax, Paul Plesha, Greg Williams, Kelly Andrews, Nick Tolimieri, Chris Skapin, Fred Goetz, Jennifer Scheuerell, and all the many HYDRA collaborators for help with installing and maintaining acoustic receivers. Mike Hayes helped with data analysis and mapping. JoAnne Butzerin, Stefan Larsson, Dayv Lowry, and an anonymous reviewer provided critical reviews of a draft manuscript. Support for this study was provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant Program. We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Steve Quinnell, a WDFW colleague who helped tremendously with this field research program. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.3955/046.087.0403 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 262WV UT WOS:000327769500004 ER PT J AU Moody, G Singh, R Li, H Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuter, D Wieck, AD Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, Galan Singh, Rohan Li, Hebin Akimov, Ilya A. Bayer, Manfred Reuter, Dirk Wieck, Andreas D. Bracker, Allan S. Gammon, Daniel Cundiff, Steven T. TI Biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dot ensembles SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biexciton; four-wave mixing; quantum dots; quantum well ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITONS; WELLS AB The effects of confinement on biexciton renormalization in self-assembled InAs and interfacial GaAs quantum dot (QD) ensembles are studied using two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. We find that in thermally annealed InAs QDs, changes in the biexciton transition energy are strongly correlated with those of the exciton and that the biexciton binding energy is similar for all QDs in the ensemble. These results are in contrast to those from GaAs QDs formed from interfacial fluctuations of a narrow quantum well (QW). In both the GaAs QW and QDs, correlation is reduced and the biexciton binding exhibits a strong dependence on localization. Comparison with simulations reveals how confinement and Coulomb interactions modify biexciton renormalization. (C) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, Ilya A.; Bayer, Manfred] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, Ilya A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Reuter, Dirk; Wieck, Andreas D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angew Festkoerperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Bracker, Allan S.; Gammon, Daniel] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy; NSF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX This work was financially supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, the NSF and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 250 IS 9 BP 1753 EP 1759 DI 10.1002/pssb.201200725 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 263PD UT WOS:000327819600002 ER PT J AU Strychalski, EA Konek, C Butts, ELR Vallone, PM Henry, AC Ross, D AF Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Konek, Christopher Butts, Erica L. R. Vallone, Peter M. Henry, Alyssa C. Ross, David TI DNA purification from crude samples for human identification using gradient elution isotachophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE DNA; Forensic DNA typing; Gradient elution isotachophoresis; Human identification; Soil ID MOVING BOUNDARY ELECTROPHORESIS; BIOMOLECULES; VALIDATION; SEPARATION; EXTRACTION; MULTIPLEX AB Gradient elution isotachophoresis (GEITP) was demonstrated for DNA purification, concentration, and quantification from crude samples, represented here by soiled buccal swabs, with minimal sample preparation prior to human identification using STR analysis. During GEITP, an electric field applied across leading and trailing electrolyte solutions resulted in isotachophoretic focusing of DNA at the interface between these solutions, while a pressure-driven counterflow controlled the movement of the interface from the sample reservoir into a microfluidic capillary. This counterflow also prevented particulates from fouling or clogging the capillary and reduced or eliminated contamination of the delivered DNA by PCR inhibitors. On-line DNA quantification using laser-induced fluorescence compared favorably with quantitative PCR measurements and potentially eliminates the need for quantitative PCR prior to STR analysis. GEITP promises to address the need for a rapid and robust method to deliver DNA from crude samples to aid the forensic community in human identification. C1 [Strychalski, Elizabeth A.; Butts, Erica L. R.; Vallone, Peter M.; Ross, David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Konek, Christopher; Henry, Alyssa C.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Strychalski, EA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.strychalski@nist.gov; ahenry@ara.com; david.ross@nist.gov FU US Army Contracting Command-Army Proving Ground [W911QX-11-C-0089-P00002] FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Army Contracting Command-Army Proving Ground Contract No. W911QX-11-C-0089-P00002. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2013 VL 34 IS 17 BP 2522 EP 2530 DI 10.1002/elps.201300133 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 261LR UT WOS:000327667000008 PM 23784689 ER PT J AU Willis, Z Griesbauer, L AF Willis, Zdenka Griesbauer, Laura TI US IOOS: An Integrating Force for Good SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Willis, Zdenka; Griesbauer, Laura] NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 256AC UT WOS:000327281100003 ER PT J AU Osterback, AMK Frechette, DM Shelton, AO Hayes, SA Bond, MH Shaffer, SA Moore, JW AF Osterback, Ann-Marie K. Frechette, Danielle M. Shelton, Andrew O. Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Shaffer, Scott A. Moore, Jonathan W. TI High predation on small populations: avian predation on imperiled salmonids SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian modeling; California; USA; central-place forager; food web; incidental predation; Larus occidentalis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; PIT tag; steelhead; stream; Western Gull ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CASPIAN TERN PREDATION; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC SALMON; BRISTOL CHANNEL; MOJAVE DESERT; COHO SALMON AB Generalist predators can contribute to extinction risk of imperiled prey populations even through incidental predation. Quantifying predation on small populations is important to manage their recovery, however predation is often challenging to observe directly. Recovery of prey tags at predator colonies can indirectly provide minimum estimates of predation, however overall predation rates often remain unquantifiable because an unknown proportion of tags are deposited off-colony. Here, we estimated overall predation rates on threatened wild juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by generalist adult Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis) in six central California (USA) watersheds. We estimated predation rates by gulls from the recapture of PIT (passive integrated transponder) tags that were originally inserted into steelhead and were subsequently deposited at a Western Gull breeding colony, A no Nuevo Island (ANI). We combined three independent datasets to isolate different processes: (1) the probability a tagged steelhead was consumed during predation, (2) the probability a consumed tag was transported to ANI, and (3) the probability a transported tag was detected at ANI. Together, these datasets parameterized a hierarchical Bayesian model to quantify overall predation rates while accounting for tag loss between when prey were tagged and subsequent tag detection at ANI. Results from the model suggest that low recovery rates of PIT tags from steelhead at ANI were mostly driven by low probabilities of transportation (<= 0.167) of consumed tags to ANI. Low transportation probabilities equate to high per-capita probabilities of predation (<= 0.306/ yr) at the three watersheds in closest proximity to ANI, whereas predation rates were uncertain at watersheds farther from ANI due to very low transportation rates. This study provides the first overall estimate of Western Gull predation rates on threatened wild juvenile steelhead and suggests gull predation on salmonids is a larger source of mortality than was previously estimated from minimum predation rates. This study thus represents an important example of high rates of incidental predation by a generalist consumer on an imperiled prey and provides a quantitative framework to inform robust estimates of predation rates on small populations that can be applied to other systems where direct observation of predation is not feasible. C1 [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Osterback, Ann-Marie K.; Frechette, Danielle M.; Hayes, Sean A.; Bond, Morgan H.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Shelton, Andrew O.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Osterback, AMK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM osterbac@biology.ucsc.edu RI Shaffer, Scott/D-5015-2009 OI Shaffer, Scott/0000-0002-7751-5059 FU California SeaGrant College [R/FISH205]; CDF& G Fisheries Restoration Grant Program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1009018] FX We thank M. Beakes, C. Cois, I. Cole, A. Collins, O. Kanner, T. Lambert, C. Phillis, J. Perez, N. Retford, S. Sears, A. Sobieraj, L. Twardochleb as well as the entire Salmon Ecology Team and Early Life History Team at the NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center for assistance in the field. We also thank A. Jones and T. Tinker for invaluable insight that developed into the transportation experiment, T. Kendall for donating capelin for the transportation experiment, and A.-L. Harrison and W. Sears for graphics support. This project would not have been possible without access to A no Nuevo Island, as provided by P. Morris, G. Oliver, M. Hester, R. Carle, as well as permission from T. Hyland and G. Strachan at California State Parks. We are very thankful for access to watershed lands provided by Big Creek Lumber Company and Cal Poly's Swanton Pacific Ranch. This project was supported by California SeaGrant College R/FISH205, CDF& G Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, National Science Foundation grant number DEB-1009018, the Dr. Earl and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, and scholarships from the Marilyn C. and Raymond E. Davis Memorial Professional Development Award, the Services for Transfer and Re-entry Students at UC Santa Cruz, and the International Order of Runeburg. The mention of product names does not constitute endorsement by the state of California or the U. S. Government. This research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of California Santa Cruz. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were greatly improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers, S. Allen, M. Carr, P. Raimondi, and W. Satterthwaite. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 IS 9 AR UNSP 116 DI 10.1890/ES13-00100.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257JN UT WOS:000327379700011 ER PT J AU Bucciarelli, E Ridame, C Sunda, WG Dimier-Hugueney, C Cheize, M Belviso, S AF Bucciarelli, Eva Ridame, Celine Sunda, William G. Dimier-Hugueney, Celine Cheize, Marie Belviso, Sauveur TI Increased intracellular concentrations of DMSP and DMSO in iron-limited oceanic phytoplankton Thalassiosira oceanica and Trichodesmium erythraeum SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENT; NITROGEN-FIXATION; BATCH CULTURES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PART I; GROWTH; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE AB We investigated the link between iron (Fe) limitation and intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) concentration in two oceanic phytoplankton species, the diatom Thalassiosira oceanica and the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations were also measured in Fe-replete and Fe-limited T. oceanica. Fe limitation decreased the growth rates of T. oceanica and T. erythraeum by 33-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively and increased intracellular DMSP (DMSPp) concentrations by 12-fold (from 2.8 to 33.7 mmol L-cell(-1)) and by 45-fold (from 0.05 to 2.27 mmol L-trichome(-1)), respectively. Intracellular dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOp) concentrations in T. oceanica increased by 5-fold under severe Fe limitation, from 0.78 mmol L-cell(-1) in Fe-replete cells to 3.86 mmol L-cell(-1). The increase in DMSPp and DMSOp under Fe limitation provides support for the role of these sulfur compounds as antioxidants. Under severe Fe limitation, the large increase in DMSPp : C and DMSP: chlorophyll a (Chl a) ratios for both T. oceanica (by 16- and 40-fold, respectively) and T. erythraeum (by 18- and 145-fold, respectively) places these species above the range of values generally attributed to diatoms and cyanophytes. Comparison of these values with in situ results, such as those from Fe fertilization experiments, suggests that the decrease in DMSPp : Chl a and DMSOp : Chl a that is generally observed with alleviation of Fe limitation may be partly related to decreases in DMSPp and DMSOp in individual species. The role of diatoms and diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the biogeochemical cycle of dimethylsulfide and associated sulfur compounds in Fe-limited oceanic environments should not be overlooked. C1 [Bucciarelli, Eva; Cheize, Marie] Univ Brest, Plouzane, France. [Bucciarelli, Eva; Cheize, Marie] CNRS, Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Observ Sci Univers,Inst Rech Dev,UMR6539, Lab Sci Environm Marin LEMAR,Inst Francais Rech E, Plouzane, France. [Bucciarelli, Eva] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Int Ctr Educ Marine & Atmospher Sci Africa, Lab Mixte Int, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Ridame, Celine; Dimier-Hugueney, Celine] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7159, Lab Oceanog & Climat, Paris, France. [Sunda, William G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. [Belviso, Sauveur] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, CNRS, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,UMR 8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bucciarelli, E (reprint author), Univ Brest, Plouzane, France. EM Eva.Bucciarelli@univ-brest.fr FU French program "Les enveloppes fluides et l'environnement-Cycles biogeochimiques, environnement et ressources'' (LEFE-CYBER); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-10-JCJC-606] FX We thank Annick Masson for carbon and nitrogen determination, Melanie Ravenel for measurements of length and width of the trichomes of T. erythraeum, Frederic Vaultier for Chl a measurements of T. erythraeum, Manon Le Goff for help with sampling cultures of T. oceanica and Chl a measurements of T. oceanica, and Italo Masotti for helpful discussion on the role of Trichodesmium in the sulfur cycle. We are grateful to the French program "Les enveloppes fluides et l'environnement-Cycles biogeochimiques, environnement et ressources'' (LEFE-CYBER) for financial support (project Iron-Sulfur: How iron limitation affects the production of dimethylsulfide; ISLAND). This work was also supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR; project Iron, Copper and Oceanic Phytoplankton (ICOP) ANR-10-JCJC-606). We thank Maurice Levasseur and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1667 EP 1679 DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.5.1667 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257OH UT WOS:000327393800010 ER PT J AU Cline, JP Leoni, M Black, D Henins, A Bonevich, JE Whitfield, PS Scardi, P AF Cline, J. P. Leoni, M. Black, D. Henins, A. Bonevich, J. E. Whitfield, P. S. Scardi, P. TI Crystalline domain size and faulting in the new NIST SRM 1979 zinc oxide SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC) CY OCT 28-31, 2012 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE NIST; SRM 1979; Line Profile Analysis ID DIFFRACTION LINE-PROFILES; POWDER AB A NIST SRM certified to address the issue of crystallite size measurement through a line profile analysis has been under development for several years. In order to prepare the feedstock for the SRM, nano-crystalline zinc oxide was produced from thermal decomposition of zinc oxalate. The thermal processing parameters were chosen to yield particles in two size ranges, one with a distribution centered at approximately 15 nm and another centered at 60 nm. Certification data were collected on a NIST-built diffractometer equipped with a Johansson incident beam monochromator and scintillation detector. Data were analyzed using whole powder pattern modeling to determine microstructural data. The analysis shows domains to be in the form of discs of a fairly small aspect ratio. While both materials exhibit the effects of stacking faults through broadening of specific hkl reflections, their presence in the 60 nm is more difficult to discern. Images of the crystallites obtained with transmission electron microscopy are consistent with the results from the X-ray diffraction analyses. C1 [Cline, J. P.; Black, D.; Henins, A.; Bonevich, J. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Whitfield, P. S.] CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Leoni, M.; Scardi, P.] Univ Trento, Dept Civil Environm & Mech Engn, Trento, Italy. RP Cline, JP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Leoni, Matteo/A-9634-2010; Scardi, Paolo/E-2085-2014; Whitfield, Pamela/P-1885-2015 OI Leoni, Matteo/0000-0002-2030-1711; Whitfield, Pamela/0000-0002-6569-1143 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 28 SU 2 BP S22 EP S32 DI 10.1017/S0885715613001188 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 256ME UT WOS:000327314000004 ER PT J AU Scott, GI Fulton, MH DeLorenzo, ME Wirth, EF Key, PB Pennington, PL Kennedy, DM Porter, D Chandler, GT Scott, CH Ferry, JL AF Scott, Geoffrey I. Fulton, Michael H. DeLorenzo, Marie E. Wirth, Edward F. Key, Peter B. Pennington, Paul L. Kennedy, David M. Porter, Dwayne Chandler, G. Tom Scott, C. Hart Ferry, John L. TI The Environmental Sensitivity Index and Oil and Hazardous Materials Impact Assessments: Linking Prespill Contingency Planning and Ecological Risk Assessment SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Applied Coastal Geomorphology to Honor Miles O. Hayes CY OCT 06-09, 2011 CL Columbia, SC DE Mesocosm; oil spills; dispersants; salt marsh community; ecotoxicological assessments ID MODULAR ESTUARINE MESOCOSM; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PESTICIDE RUNOFF; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; GRASS SHRIMP; SALT MARSHES; FOOD-WEB; SPILL AB The oil spill Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) was developed by Miles O. Hayes and researchers at Research Planning Institute and at the University of South Carolina during the 1970s and has been used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to assess, forecast, and mitigate oil spill impacts throughout coastal regions of the United States. The ESI delineates different habitats types within coastal ecosystems and prioritizes their vulnerability to oil spills based on the persistence of oil and the ecological sensitivity of marine animals and plants within each habitat type. More physically exposed habitats (e.g., rock headlands), have shorter oil spill persistence and are less vulnerable than more sheltered habitats (e.g., tidal flats and salt marshes), where oil persists longer. Salt marshes are generally the most vulnerable habitats identified in most coastal regions of the United States using the ESI. To further assess impacts of oil and hazardous materials on salt marsh ecosystems, NOAA has developed a salt marsh mesocosm testing system that uses a modular approach to predict pollution impacts in the different marsh subhabitats, which are useful in defining multiple species toxicity and sensitivity to petroleum hydrocarbons and other chemical contaminants among the different salt marsh faunal taxa. The modular approach allows taxa in different salt marsh subhabitats, including Spartina alterniflora, Salicornia bigelovii, and Juncus roemerianus marsh communities, to be both individually and simultaneously compared and assessed. These mesocosms are also useful in predicting fate and effects, food web bioaccumulation, acute or chronic toxicity, and sublethal bioeffects for a number of pollutants. Results from these mesocosm studies indicate the utility of this integrated risk assessment method for predicting the fate and bioeffects of chemical contaminants on the estuarine salt marsh community and provide a direct link with the ESI, thus connecting prespill contingency planning and predictive ecological risk assessment. C1 [Scott, Geoffrey I.; Fulton, Michael H.; DeLorenzo, Marie E.; Wirth, Edward F.; Key, Peter B.; Pennington, Paul L.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kennedy, David M.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Porter, Dwayne; Chandler, G. Tom; Scott, C. Hart] Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ferry, John L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Scott, GI (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM geoff.scott@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 61 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI COCONUT CREEK PA 5130 NW 54TH STREET, COCONUT CREEK, FL 33073 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2013 SI 69 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.2112/SI_69_8 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 251TW UT WOS:000326954600008 ER PT J AU Reader, J Clark, C AF Reader, Joseph Clark, Charles TI Notes on the history of nuclear physics Reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Reader, Joseph; Clark, Charles] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reader, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reader@nist.gov; charles.clark@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 9 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252SQ UT WOS:000327030900004 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, O. V. TI Basal channels on ice shelves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice shelves; melt channels; numerical modeling ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; OCEAN CIRCULATION; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHEET; BENEATH; FLOW AB Recent surveys of floating ice shelves associated with Pine Island Glacier (Antarctica) and Petermann Glacier (Greenland) indicate that there are channels incised upward into their bottoms that may serve as the conduits of meltwater outflow from the sub-ice-shelf cavity. The formation of the channels, their evolution over time, and their impact on ice-shelf flow are investigated using a fully-coupled ice-shelf/sub-ice-shelf ocean model. The model simulations suggest that channels may form spontaneously in response to meltwater plume flow initiated at the grounding line if there are relatively high melt rates and if there is transverse to ice-flow variability in ice-shelf thickness. Typical channels formed in the simulations have a width of about 1-3 km and a vertical relief of about 100-200 m. Melt rates and sea-water transport in the channels are significantly higher than on the smooth flat ice bottom between the channels. The melt channels develop through melting, deformation, and advection with ice-shelf flow. Simulations suggest that both steady state and cyclic state solutions are possible depending on conditions along the lateral ice-shelf boundaries. This peculiar dynamics of the system has strong implications on the interpretation of observations. The richness of channel morphology and evolution seen in this study suggests that further observations and theoretical analysis are imperative for understanding ice-shelf behavior in warm oceanic conditions. C1 Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU NSF [ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534] FX I thank two anonymous referees for their constructive criticisms and thoughtful suggestions, Carl Gladish for fruitful discussions, and Doug MacAyeal for help with the manuscript. This research is supported by NSF grants ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1342 EP 1355 DI 10.1002/jgrf.20105 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 238VC UT WOS:000325978500012 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Murtugudde, R AF Kumar, Arun Murtugudde, Raghu TI Predictability, uncertainty and decision making: a unified perspective to build a bridge from weather to climate SO CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Review ID PREDICTION; COMMUNICATION; FORECASTS; SCENARIOS AB In this essay, the common thread of limits of predictability and uncertainty that permeate across weather and climate prediction and projections is discussed in the context of developing a strategy for 'seamless' communication and utilization of uncertain information in decision making. In understanding why uncertainty is an unavoidable trait of predictions in the first place, a useful concept is the separation of the Earth System (ES) into internal and external components. This separation allows one to first, recognize that for prediction at all time-scales, the inherent source for limits on predictability is due to the divergence of forecasts from a cloud of initial conditions, and second, thereby recognize that the fundamental source of uncertainty (or unpredictability) is limited by our ability to specify initial conditions for the internal component with perfect accuracy. The unavoidability of uncertainty in predictions, and accepting this fact could be advantageous in the ongoing discussions on how to communicate climate projections and the associated uncertainties by learning from the knowledge base that exists for communicating similar information on weather and seasonal predictions that are generated on a much more frequent basis. Similarly, decision-support systems for developing adaptation and mitigation strategies can use predictions on shorter range as a test-bed to hone their strategies to incorporate predictive uncertainty when dealing with longer-range projections. By practicing the use of decision making tools and the incorporation of uncertain predictions on weather and seasonal time scale, decision makers can improve their level of comfort in accepting uncertainty inherent in longer range predictions and projections on a much less infrequent basis. In this paradigm, evolving strategy for seamless predictions can be blended with a strategy for seamless communication of uncertain information and also with seamless application of decision support systems. C1 [Kumar, Arun] Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov FU NASA PO on intraseasonal bio-feedbacks; ONR funds for DYNAMO FX RM gratefully acknowledges funding from NASA PO on intraseasonal bio-feedbacks and altimetric studies and ONR funds for DYNAMO. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-3435 EI 1877-3443 J9 CURR OPIN ENV SUST JI Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.05.009 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235SR UT WOS:000325741500008 ER PT J AU Feng, SC Kramer, T Sriram, RD Lee, H Joung, CB Ghodous, P AF Feng, Shaw C. Kramer, Thomas Sriram, Ram D. Lee, Hanmin Joung, Che B. Ghodous, Parisa TI Disassembly Process Information Model for Remanufacturing SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE disassembly; disassembly modeling; disassembly process; information modeling; remanufacturing ID DESIGN; PRODUCTS; PLANNER AB Disassembly is essential to dismantle a product for remanufacturing during maintenance or at the end of service life. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed an information model for describing disassembly processes. A disassembly process includes many subprocesses, such as separation, cleaning, repair, replacement, and inspection. This paper describes a disassembly process information model with the following key components: workpiece, material content, equipment, and workflow. The workflow aspect supports the modeling of operations, operation sequences, branching an operation into multiple ones, and joining multiple operations into one. The model provides a foundation for computer-aided disassembly software systems development. C1 [Feng, Shaw C.; Kramer, Thomas; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Hanmin] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Taejon 305343, South Korea. [Joung, Che B.] Korea Inst Ind Technol, Cheonan 331822, ChungCheongnam, South Korea. [Ghodous, Parisa] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 AR 031004 DI 10.1115/1.4024543 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 241RU UT WOS:000326186100005 ER PT J AU Shakarji, CM Srinivasan, V AF Shakarji, Craig M. Srinivasan, Vijay TI Theory and Algorithms for Weighted Total Least-Squares Fitting of Lines, Planes, and Parallel Planes to Support Tolerancing Standards SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We present the theory and algorithms for fitting a line, a plane, two parallel planes (corresponding to a slot or a slab), or many parallel planes in a total (orthogonal) least-squares sense to coordinate data that is weighted. Each of these problems is reduced to a simple 3 x 3 matrix eigenvalue/eigenvector problem or an equivalent singular value decomposition problem, which can be solved using reliable and readily available commercial software. These methods were numerically verified by comparing them with brute-force minimization searches. We demonstrate the need for such weighted total least-squares fitting in coordinate metrology to support new and emerging tolerancing standards, for instance, ISO 14405-1:2010. The widespread practice of unweighted fitting works well enough when point sampling is controlled and can be made uniform (e. g., using a discrete point contact coordinate measuring machine). However, we show by example that non-uniformly sampled points (arising from many new measurement technologies) coupled with unweighted least-squares fitting can lead to erroneous results. When needed, the algorithms presented also solve the unweighted cases simply by assigning the value one to each weight. We additionally prove convergence from the discrete to continuous cases of least-squares fitting as the point sampling becomes dense. C1 [Shakarji, Craig M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shakarji, CM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.shakarji@nist.gov; vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 AR 031008 DI 10.1115/1.4024854 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 241RU UT WOS:000326186100009 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V AF Srinivasan, Vijay TI Why should we care about Cyber-Physical Systems? SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1530-9827 EI 1944-7078 J9 J COMPUT INF SCI ENG JI J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 AR 030301 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 241RU UT WOS:000326186100001 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Chambers, DP AF Johnson, Gregory C. Chambers, Don P. TI Ocean bottom pressure seasonal cycles and decadal trends from GRACE Release-05: Ocean circulation implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE ocean general circulation; seasonal cycle; sea level variability; sea level trends; ocean mass variability; GRACE ID SEA-LEVEL VARIATIONS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; GLOBAL OCEAN; MODEL; VARIABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; EXTENSION; ENSO AB Ocean mass variations are important for diagnosing sea level budgets, the hydrological cycle, the global energy budget, and ocean circulation variability. Here seasonal cycles and decadal trends of ocean mass from January 2003 to December 2012, both global and regional, are analyzed using GRACE Release-05 data. The trend of global flux of mass into the ocean approaches 2 cm decade(-1) in equivalent sea level rise. Regional trends are of similar magnitude, with the North Pacific, South Atlantic, and South Indian oceans generally gaining mass and other regions losing mass. These trends suggest a spin-down of the North Pacific western boundary current extension and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the South Atlantic and South Indian oceans. The global average seasonal cycle of ocean mass is about 1 cm in amplitude, with a maximum in early October and volume fluxes in and out of the ocean reaching 0.5 Sv (1 Sv=1 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) when integrated over the area analyzed here. Regional patterns of seasonal ocean mass change have typical amplitudes of 1-4 cm, and include maxima in the subtropics and minima in the subpolar regions in hemispheric winters. The subtropical mass gains and subpolar mass losses in the winter spin-up both subtropical and subpolar gyres, hence the western boundary current extensions. Seasonal variations in these currents are order 10 Sv, but since the associated depth-averaged current variations are only order 0.1 cm s(-1), they would be difficult to detect using in situ oceanographic instruments. C1 [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chambers, Don P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Chambers, Don/0000-0002-5439-0257 FU NOAA Research; NOAA Climate Program Office; NASA [NNX12AL28G] FX NOAA Research and the NOAA Climate Program Office funded G.C.J. and NASA funded D. P. C. through grant NNX12AL28G. GRACE ocean data were processed by DPC, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program, and are available at http://grace.-jpl.nasa.gov. Three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments that improved the manuscript. PMEL publication 3999. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4228 EP 4240 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20307 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 242HQ UT WOS:000326230200016 ER PT J AU Fujisaki, A Wang, J Bai, XZ Leshkevich, G Lofgren, B AF Fujisaki, Ayumi Wang, Jia Bai, Xuezhi Leshkevich, George Lofgren, Brent TI Model-simulated interannual variability of Lake Erie ice cover, circulation, and thermal structure in response to atmospheric forcing, 2003-2012 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Lake Erie; ice-hydrodynamic modeling; lake ice; interannual variability ID GREAT-LAKES; SEA-ICE; MICHIGAN; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; LAYER; CYCLE AB Interannual variability of ice cover, circulation, and thermal structure in Lake Erie for 2003-2012 was investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model coupled with ice processes. The model reproduced minima of ice extent in the winters of 2006 and 2012 (mild winters), as well as maxima in 2009 and 2011 (severe winters) in agreement with the observational analysis. The model reasonably captured ice thicknesses, seasonal variation of the mean surface temperature, and lake circulation. The model results showed early onset of stratification in March after the almost ice-free winter of 2012. In the mild winters, the coastal current speed was significantly higher than the 9 year mean, since the larger open water region due to less ice cover allowed the more effective wind driven circulation. In the severe winters, the lake circulation was slowed because the packed ice reduced wind stress on the water surface. Seasonal means of coastal current speed ranged from 3.9 cm/s in the severe winter (January to March mean) of 2009 to 7.2 cm/s in the mild winter of 2012. The variation was much larger than in the other seasons (0.6 cm/s). The results imply that decreasing ice cover could lead to a more energetic coastal circulation in winter, which could influence lake turbidity, material transport, and nearshore waves. Finally, the interannual variation of ice cover is discussed in relation to teleconnection patterns. The ice minimum (maximum) in the winter of 2006 (2009) can be explained by the intermittent positive (negative) North Atlantic Oscillation that occurred in January (December to January). C1 [Fujisaki, Ayumi; Bai, Xuezhi] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Wang, Jia; Leshkevich, George; Lofgren, Brent] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Fujisaki, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM ayumif@umich.edu OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 FU EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI); NSF OCE [0927643] FX The paper is supported by the EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI), and NSF OCE grant 0927643. We would like to thank David J. Schwab for providing the meteorological data, Dmitry Beletsky for helpful discussion, and the two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Thanks also to Cathy Darnell of GLERL for editing this paper. This is GLERL contribution 1670. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4286 EP 4304 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20312 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 242HQ UT WOS:000326230200020 ER PT J AU Hope, ME Westerink, JJ Kennedy, AB Kerr, PC Dietrich, JC Dawson, C Bender, CJ Smith, JM Jensen, RE Zijlema, M Holthuijsen, LH Luettich, RA Powell, MD Cardone, VJ Cox, AT Pourtaheri, H Roberts, HJ Atkinson, JH Tanaka, S Westerink, HJ Westerink, LG AF Hope, M. E. Westerink, J. J. Kennedy, A. B. Kerr, P. C. Dietrich, J. C. Dawson, C. Bender, C. J. Smith, J. M. Jensen, R. E. Zijlema, M. Holthuijsen, L. H. Luettich, R. A., Jr. Powell, M. D. Cardone, V. J. Cox, A. T. Pourtaheri, H. Roberts, H. J. Atkinson, J. H. Tanaka, S. Westerink, H. J. Westerink, L. G. TI Hindcast and validation of Hurricane Ike (2008) waves, forerunner, and storm surge SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane Ike; Louisiana-Texas shelf; storm surge; waves; hurricane forerunner; SWAN plus ADCIRC ID SHALLOW-WATER; SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; COASTAL REGIONS; WIND FIELDS; MODEL; SWAN; VERIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; GUSTAV; SCALE AB Hurricane Ike (2008) made landfall near Galveston, Texas, as a moderate intensity storm. Its large wind field in conjunction with the Louisiana-Texas coastline's broad shelf and large scale concave geometry generated waves and surge that impacted over 1000 km of coastline. Ike's complex and varied wave and surge response physics included: the capture of surge by the protruding Mississippi River Delta; the strong influence of wave radiation stress gradients on the Delta adjacent to the shelf break; the development of strong wind driven shore-parallel currents and the associated geostrophic setup; the forced early rise of water in coastal bays and lakes facilitating inland surge penetration; the propagation of a free wave along the southern Texas shelf; shore-normal peak wind-driven surge; and resonant and reflected long waves across a wide continental shelf. Preexisting and rapidly deployed instrumentation provided the most comprehensive hurricane response data of any previous hurricane. More than 94 wave parameter time histories, 523 water level time histories, and 206 high water marks were collected throughout the Gulf in deep water, along the nearshore, and up to 65 km inland. Ike's highly varied physics were simulated using SWAN+ADCIRC, a tightly coupled wave and circulation model, on SL18TX33, a new unstructured mesh of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and western Atlantic Ocean with high resolution of the Gulf's coastal floodplain from Alabama to the Texas-Mexico border. A comprehensive validation was made of the model's ability to capture the varied physics in the system. C1 [Hope, M. E.; Westerink, J. J.; Kennedy, A. B.; Kerr, P. C.; Dietrich, J. C.; Tanaka, S.; Westerink, H. J.; Westerink, L. G.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Dawson, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bender, C. J.] Taylor Engn, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Smith, J. M.; Jensen, R. E.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Zijlema, M.; Holthuijsen, L. H.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands. [Luettich, R. A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Powell, M. D.] NOAA Miami, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Cardone, V. J.; Cox, A. T.] Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT USA. [Pourtaheri, H.] US Army Corps Engineers, New Orleans Dist, New Orleans, LA USA. [Roberts, H. J.; Atkinson, J. H.] ARCADIS, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hope, ME (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM mark.e.hope@gmail.com RI Dietrich, Joel/E-5161-2011; Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011; Zijlema, Marcel/J-3099-2013; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Dietrich, Joel/0000-0001-5294-2874; Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU NOAA via the U.S. IOOS Office [NA10NOS0120063, NA11NOS0120141]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District; Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ND0001]; Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region 6; National Science Foundation [OCI-0746232, OCI-1053575] FX This project was supported by: NOAA via the U.S. IOOS Office (NA10NOS0120063 and NA11NOS0120141) and was managed by the Southeastern Universities Research Association; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District; the Department of Homeland Security (2008-ST-061-ND0001); and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region 6. The National Science Foundation (OCI-0746232) supported ADCIRC and SWAN model development. Computational facilities were provided by: the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center; The University of Texas at Austin Texas Advanced Computing Center; The Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation, grant OCI-1053575. Permission to publish this paper was granted by the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The authors thank Professor Chunyan Li and the Coastal Studies Institute at Louisiana State University for providing the CSI water level and current data. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4424 EP 4460 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20314 PG 37 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 242HQ UT WOS:000326230200029 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Yang, B Hammouda, B AF Xu, Jiajun Yang, Bao Hammouda, Boualem TI Thermophysical Properties and Pool Boiling Characteristics of Water-in-Polyalphaolefin Nanoemulsion Fluids SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Review DE nanoemulsion; pool boiling; thermophysical property; small-angle neutron scattering ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AOT MICROEMULSION STRUCTURE; CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX; INVERSE MICROEMULSIONS; DROPLET STRUCTURE; DISPERSE PHASE; TEMPERATURE; NANOFLUIDS; SUSPENSIONS AB In this work, thermophysical properties, microstructure, and pool boiling characteristics of water-in-polyalphaolefin (PAO) nanoemulsion fluids have been measured in the water concentration range of 0-10.3 vol. %, in order to gain basic data for nanoemulsion boiling. Water-in-PAO nanoemulsion fluids are formed via self-assembly with surfactant: sodium sullfosuccinate (AOT). Thermal conductivity of these fluids is found to increase monotonically with water concentration, as expected from the Maxwell equation. Unlike thermal conductivity, their dynamic viscosity first increases with water concentration, reaches a maximum at 5.3 vol. %, and then decreases. The observed maximum viscosity could be attributed to the attractive forces among water droplets. The microstructures of the water-in-PAO nanoemulsion fluids are measured via the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique, which shows a transition from sphere to elongated cylinder when the water concentration increases above 5.3 vol. %. The pool boiling heat transfer of these water-in-PAO nanoemulsion fluids is measured on a horizontal Pt wire at room temperature (25 degrees C, subcooled condition). One interesting phenomenon observed is that the pool boiling follows two different curves randomly when the water concentration is in the range of 5.3 vol. % to 7.8 vol. %. C1 [Xu, Jiajun; Yang, Bao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0730963, DMR-0944772] FX This study is financially supported by National Science Foundation (CBET-0730963). The SANS measurements performed at the NIST-CNR are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2013 VL 135 IS 9 SI SI AR 091303 DI 10.1115/1.4024423 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 241LZ UT WOS:000326169800010 ER PT J AU Pike, A Danner, E Boughton, D Melton, F Nemani, R Rajagopalan, B Lindley, S AF Pike, Andrew Danner, Eric Boughton, David Melton, Forrest Nemani, Rama Rajagopalan, Balaji Lindley, Steve TI Forecasting river temperatures in real time using a stochastic dynamics approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water Temperature; Sacramento River; uNmerical Prediction; River Management; Heat Budget ID STATE-SPACE MODEL; STREAM TEMPERATURE; WATER TEMPERATURES; DISPERSION-EQUATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; REGULATED RIVERS; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; SALMON; INTERPOLATION AB We address the growing need for accurate water temperature predictions in regulated rivers to inform decision support systems and protect aquatic habitats. Although many suitable river temperature models exist, few simultaneously model water temperature dynamics while considering uncertainty of predictions and assimilating observations. Here, we employ a stochastic dynamics approach to water temperature modeling that estimates both the water temperature state and its uncertainty by propagating error through a physically based dynamical system. This method involves converting the governing hydrodynamic and heat transport equations into a state space form and assimilating observations via the Kalman Filter. This model, called the River Assessment for Forecasting Temperature (RAFT), closes the heat budget by tracking heat movement using a robust semi-Lagrangian numerical scheme. RAFT considers key thermodynamic processes, including advection, longitudinal dispersion, atmospheric heat fluxes, lateral inflows, streambed heat exchange, and unsteady nonuniform flow. Inputs include gridded meteorological forecasts from a numerical weather prediction model, bathymetric cross-sectional geometry, and temperature and flow measurements at the upstream boundary and tributaries. We applied RAFT to an approximate to 100 km portion of the Sacramento River in California, downstream of Keswick Dam (a regulatory dam below Shasta Dam), at a spatial resolution of 2 km and a temporal resolution of 15 min. Model prediction error over a 6 month calibration period was on the order of 0.5 degrees C. When temperature and flow gage data were assimilated, the mean prediction error was significantly less (0.25 degrees C). The model accurately predicts the magnitude and timing of diel temperature fluctuations and can provide 72 h water temperature forecasts when linked with meteorological forecasts and real-time flow/temperature monitoring networks. RAFT is potentially scalable to model and forecast fine-grained one-dimensional temperature dynamics covering a broad extent in a variety of regulated rivers provided that adequate input data are available. C1 [Pike, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Pike, Andrew; Danner, Eric; Boughton, David; Lindley, Steve] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Melton, Forrest; Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Melton, Forrest] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Dept Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pike, A (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM andrew.pike@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014; Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411; Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 FU NASA Applied Sciences award [NNX08AK72G]; NOAA/NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Funding for this study was provided by NASA Applied Sciences award NNX08AK72G and by the NOAA/NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5168 EP 5182 DI 10.1002/wrcr.20389 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 238ZO UT WOS:000325991100005 ER PT J AU Levin, H Emmerich, SJ AF Levin, Hal Emmerich, Steven J. TI Dissecting Interactions Among IEQ Factors SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; PERCEPTION; IMPACT AB Many aspects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and the technologies that control or otherwise affect it are interactive and often closely connected. Yet the technologies to control the indoor environment are usually designed, installed and operated without considering the interactions. This has important implications for the design and construction of buildings as well as for operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting in occupied buildings. C1 [Levin, Hal] Bldg Ecol Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, H (reprint author), Bldg Ecol Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 EI 1943-6637 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 55 IS 9 BP 66 EP + PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 240XV UT WOS:000326131900020 ER PT J AU Lammer, H Blanc, M Benz, W Fridlund, M du Foresto, VC Gudel, M Rauer, H Udry, S Bonnet, RM Falanga, M Charbonneau, D Helled, R Kley, W Linsky, J Elkins-Tanton, LT Alibert, Y Chassefiere, E Encrenaz, T Hatzes, AP Lin, D Liseau, R Lorenzen, W Raymond, SN AF Lammer, Helmut Blanc, Michel Benz, Willy Fridlund, Malcolm du Foresto, Vincent Coude Guedel, Manuel Rauer, Heike Udry, Stephane Bonnet, Roger-Maurice Falanga, Maurizio Charbonneau, David Helled, Ravit Kley, Willy Linsky, Jeffrey Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. Alibert, Yann Chassefiere, Eric Encrenaz, Therese Hatzes, Artie P. Lin, Douglas Liseau, Rene Lorenzen, Winfried Raymond, Sean N. TI The Science of Exoplanets and Their Systems SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT News Item DE Exoplanets; Disks; Planet formation; Stellar activity; Water origin; Water delivery; Habitability ID TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; GIANT PLANETS; HD 189733B; MASS-LOSS; PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERES; TRANSITING EXOPLANETS; EMISSION-SPECTRUM; HABITABLE ZONE; HOT JUPITERS AB A scientific forum on The Future Science of Exoplanets and Their Systems, sponsored by Europlanet(*) and the International Space Science Institute (ISSI)(dagger) and co-organized by the Center for Space and Habitability (CSH)(double dagger) of the University of Bern, was held during December 5 and 6, 2012, in Bern, Switzerland. It gathered 24 well-known specialists in exoplanetary, Solar System, and stellar science to discuss the future of the fast-expanding field of exoplanetary research, which now has nearly 1000 objects to analyze and compare and will develop even more quickly over the coming years. The forum discussions included a review of current observational knowledge, efforts for exoplanetary atmosphere characterization and their formation, water formation, atmospheric evolution, habitability aspects, and our understanding of how exoplanets interact with their stellar and galactic environment throughout their history. Several important and timely research areas of focus for further research efforts in the field were identified by the forum participants. These scientific topics are related to the origin and formation of water and its delivery to planetary bodies and the role of the disk in relation to planet formation, including constraints from observations as well as star-planet interaction processes and their consequences for atmosphere-magnetosphere environments, evolution, and habitability. The relevance of these research areas is outlined in this report, and possible themes for future ISSI workshops are identified that may be proposed by the international research community over the coming 2-3 years. C1 [Lammer, Helmut] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Blanc, Michel] UPS CNRS, IRAP, Observ Midi Pyrenees, Toulouse, France. [Benz, Willy; Alibert, Yann] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Fridlund, Malcolm] ESTEC ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [du Foresto, Vincent Coude; Encrenaz, Therese] LESIA Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [du Foresto, Vincent Coude; Bonnet, Roger-Maurice; Falanga, Maurizio] ISSI, Bern, Switzerland. [Guedel, Manuel] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Rauer, Heike] DLR, Inst Planetenforsch Extrasolare Planeten & Atmosp, Berlin, Germany. [Udry, Stephane] Observ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [Charbonneau, David] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Helled, Ravit] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kley, Willy] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany. [Linsky, Jeffrey] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Elkins-Tanton, Linda T.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Chassefiere, Eric] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab IDES, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hatzes, Artie P.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany. [Lin, Douglas] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Liseau, Rene] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lorenzen, Winfried] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. [Raymond, Sean N.] Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. RP Lammer, H (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria. EM helmut.lammer@oeaw.ac.at RI Elkins-Tanton, Linda/C-5508-2008; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015; Kley, Wilhelm/A-4921-2012 OI Elkins-Tanton, Linda/0000-0003-4008-1098; Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588; NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 35 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 EI 1557-8070 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 793 EP 813 DI 10.1089/ast.2013.0997 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 219TU UT WOS:000324534100001 PM 24015759 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Snyder, KA Peltz, MA Obla, K Kim, H AF Bentz, Dale P. Snyder, Kenneth A. Peltz, Max A. Obla, Karthik Kim, Haejin TI Viscosity Modifiers to Enhance Concrete Performance SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autogenous deformation; diffusion; durability; service life; strength; viscosity ID SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES; SERVICE LIFE; MORTARS AB The hazard rate function for concrete structures is often portrayed as a "bathtub"-shaped curve, with a finite" ever-decreasing probability of early-age failures being followed by a life with a relatively low constant probability of failure that ultimately increases dramatically as the end of service is reached. Ideally, new concrete technologies should reduce the failures occurring at both ends of this service-life spectrum. VERDiCT (viscosity enhancers reducing diffusion in concrete technology) is one such strategy based on increasing the pore solution viscosity. This approach has the potential to reduce the propensity for early-age cracking while also reducing long-term transport coefficients of deleterious ions such as chlorides. In this paper, the performance of a typical VERDiCT admixture-a viscosity modifier/shrinkage-reducing admixture-is investigated in mortar and concrete, both as an addition to the mixing water and as a concentrated solution used to pre-wet fine lightweight aggregates. A reduction in early-age cracking is achieved by eliminating autogenous shrinkage stresses that typically develop in lower water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm) concrete. By substantially increasing the viscosity of the pore solution in the concrete, the resistance to ionic diffusion is proportionally increased relative to a control concrete without the VERDiCT admixture. Herein, chloride ion diffusion coefficients are evaluated for two types of concrete containing typical substitution levels of supplementary cementitious materials namely, either 25% fly ash or 40% slag by mass. For the eight concrete mixtures investigated, the effective diffusion coefficient was reduced by approximately 33% by adding the VERDiCT admixture which, in practice, may imply a 50% increase in their service life, while the autogenous shrinkage was virtually eliminated. However, these benefits in early-age cracking resistance and long-term durability are tempered by up to a 20% reduction in compressive strength that may need to be accounted for at the design stage. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Peltz, Max A.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Snyder, Kenneth A.] NIST, Inorgan Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Obla, Karthik] NRMCA, Tech Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kim, Haejin] NRMCA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X EI 1944-737X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 110 IS 5 BP 495 EP 502 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 235QO UT WOS:000325736000002 ER PT J AU Magic, Z Collet, R Asplund, M Trampedach, R Hayek, W Chiavassa, A Stein, RF Nordlund, A AF Magic, Z. Collet, R. Asplund, M. Trampedach, R. Hayek, W. Chiavassa, A. Stein, R. F. Nordlund, A. TI The STAGGER-grid: A grid of 3D stellar atmosphere models I. Methods and general properties SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE convection; hydrodynamics; radiative transfer; stars: abundances; stars: atmospheres; stars: fundamental parameters ID RED GIANT STARS; 3-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; SPECTRAL-LINE FORMATION; COOL DWARF STARS; METAL-POOR STARS; SOLAR GRANULATION; SURFACE CONVECTION; MIXING-LENGTH; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RADIAL OSCILLATIONS AB Aims. We present the Stagger-grid, a comprehensive grid of time-dependent, three-dimensional (3D), hydrodynamic model atmospheres for late-type stars with realistic treatment of radiative transfer, covering a wide range in stellar parameters. This grid of 3D models is intended for various applications besides studies of stellar convection and atmospheres per se, including stellar parameter determination, stellar spectroscopy and abundance analysis, asteroseismology, calibration of stellar evolution models, interferometry, and extrasolar planet search. In this introductory paper, we describe the methods we applied for the computation of the grid and discuss the general properties of the 3D models as well as of their temporal and spatial averages (here denoted < 3D > models). Methods. All our models were generated with the STAGGER-code, using realistic input physics for the equation of state (EOS) and for continuous and line opacities. Our similar to 220 grid models range in effective temperature, T-eff, from 4000 to 7000 K in steps of 500 K, in surface gravity, log g, from 1.5 to 5.0 in steps of 0.5 dex, and metallicity, [Fe/H], from -4.0 to +0.5 in steps of 0.5 and 1.0 dex. Results. We find a tight scaling relation between the vertical velocity and the surface entropy jump, which itself correlates with the constant entropy value of the adiabatic convection zone. The range in intensity contrast is enhanced at lower metallicity. The granule size correlates closely with the pressure scale height sampled at the depth of maximum velocity. We compare the < 3D > models with currently widely applied one-dimensional (1D) atmosphere models, as well as with theoretical 1D hydrostatic models generated with the same EOS and opacity tables as the 3D models, in order to isolate the effects of using self-consistent and hydrodynamic modeling of convection, rather than the classical mixing length theory approach. For the first time, we are able to quantify systematically over a broad range of stellar parameters the uncertainties of 1D models arising from the simplified treatment of physics, in particular convective energy transport. In agreement with previous findings, we find that the differences can be rather significant, especially for metal-poor stars. C1 [Magic, Z.; Collet, R.; Asplund, M.; Hayek, W.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Magic, Z.; Collet, R.; Asplund, M.; Hayek, W.] Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Collet, R.; Nordlund, A.] Niels Bohr Inst, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, StarPlan, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chiavassa, A.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange,UMR 7293, F-06189 Nice, France. [Stein, R. F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Magic, Z (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM magic@mpa-garching.mpg.de FU Direction generale de l'Enseignement non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique - Direction de la Recherche scientifique Communaute francaise de Belgique; F.R.S.-FNRS; Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE120102940] FX We acknowledge access to computing facilities at Rechen Zentrum Garching (RZG) through Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA) and the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) of Australia, through Australian National University (ANU), where the simulations were carried out. We are grateful to W. Dappen for access to the code and data tables for the EOS. And we thank B. Plez and B. Edvardsson for providing the MARCS lineopacities. Also, we acknowledge the Action de Recherche Concertee (ARC) grant provided by the Direction generale de l'Enseignement non obligatoire et de la Recherche scientifique - Direction de la Recherche scientifique Communaute francaise de Belgique, and the F.R.S.-FNRS. Remo Collet is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (project number DE120102940). We thank the referee for the helpful comments. NR 95 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 557 AR A26 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321274 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228TC UT WOS:000325211900050 ER PT J AU Rynkun, P Jonsson, P Gaigalas, G Fischer, CF AF Rynkun, P. Jonsson, P. Gaigalas, G. Fischer, C. Froese TI Energies and E1, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates for states of the 2s(2)2p(4), 2s2p(5), and 2p(6) configurations in oxygen-like ions between F II and Kr XXIX SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data ID SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE PACKAGE; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; FORBIDDEN TRANSITION; E2-TRANSITION RATES; PERTURBATION-THEORY; STORAGE-RING; N=2 COMPLEX AB Based on relativistic wave functions from multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction calculations, E1, M1, E2, M2 transition rates, weighted oscillator strengths, and lifetimes are evaluated for the states of the (1s(2))2s(2)2p(4), 2s2p(5), and 2p(6) configurations in all oxygen-like ions between F II and Kr XXIX. Valence and core-valence correlation effects were accounted for through single-double multireference (SD-MR) expansions to increasing sets of active orbitals. Computed energies are compared with the NIST recommended values, generally differing by less than 600 cm(-1). For some spectra, significantly larger differences are found and our results are in better agreement with Edlen interpolated values. For levels where experimental lifetimes are available, the agreement is within experimental uncertainty for all but a few lowly ionized spectra. Complete Online tables of energy levels and transition data are available. C1 [Rynkun, P.] Lithuanian Univ Educ Sci, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rynkun, P (reprint author), Lithuanian Univ Educ Sci, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM pavel.rynkun@gmail.com RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 FU Visby program under the Swedish Institute; Swedish Research Foundation; European Communities under the FP7 [FU07-CT-2007-00063] FX P.J. and G. G. acknowledge support from the Visby program under the Swedish Institute. P.J. acknowledges financial support by the Swedish Research Foundation. G. G. acknowledges financial support by the European Communities under the FP7 contract of Association between EURATOM/LEI FU07-CT-2007-00063. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 557 AR A136 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321992 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228TC UT WOS:000325211900138 ER PT J AU Vancoppenolle, M Bopp, L Madec, G Dunne, J Ilyina, T Halloran, PR Steiner, N AF Vancoppenolle, Martin Bopp, Laurent Madec, Gurvan Dunne, John Ilyina, Tatiana Halloran, Paul R. Steiner, Nadja TI Future Arctic Ocean primary productivity from CMIP5 simulations: Uncertain outcome, but consistent mechanisms SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE Arctic; primary production; nitrate; sea ice ID SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; PART I; GROWTH; ACIDIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE; PROJECTIONS AB Net Arctic Ocean primary production (PP) is expected to increase over this century, due to less perennial sea ice and more available light, but could decrease depending on changes in nitrate (NO3) supply. Here Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulations performed with 11 Earth System Models are analyzed in terms of PP, surface NO3, and sea ice coverage over 1900-2100. Whereas the mean model simulates reasonably well Arctic-integrated PP (511TgC/yr, 1998-2005) and projects a mild 58TgC/yr increase by 2080-2099 for the strongest climate change scenario, models do not agree on the sign of future PP change. However, similar mechanisms operate in all models. The perennial ice loss-driven increase in PP is in most models NO3-limited. The Arctic surface NO3 is decreasing over the 21st century (-2.31mmol/m(3)), associated with shoaling mixed layer and with decreasing NO3 in the nearby North Atlantic and Pacific waters. However, the intermodel spread in the degree of NO3 limitation is initially high, resulting from >1000year spin-up simulations. This initial NO3 spread, combined with the trend, causes a large variation in the timing of oligotrophy onsetwhich directly controls the sign of future PP change. Virtually all models agree in the open ocean zones on more spatially integrated PP and less PP per unit area. The source of model uncertainty is located in the sea ice zone, where a subtle balance between light and nutrient limitations determines the PP change. Hence, it is argued that reducing uncertainty on present Arctic NO3 in the sea ice zone would render Arctic PP projections much more consistent. C1 [Vancoppenolle, Martin; Madec, Gurvan] CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Bopp, Laurent] CNRS, LSCE IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Madec, Gurvan] NOC, Southampton, Hants, England. [Dunne, John] GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ilyina, Tatiana] MPI, Hamburg, Germany. [Halloran, Paul R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Halloran, Paul R.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Sch Geog, Exeter, Devon, England. [Steiner, Nadja] Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Steiner, Nadja] CCCMA, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Vancoppenolle, M (reprint author), IPSL Boite 100, Lab Oceanog & Climat, 4 Pl Jussieu, FR-75252 Paris 05, France. EM martin.vancoppenolle@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Vancoppenolle, Martin/B-3750-2011; Halloran, Paul/G-3965-2012; OI madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Vancoppenolle, Martin/0000-0002-7573-8582; Halloran, Paul/0000-0002-9227-0678; Ilyina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3475-4842 FU [BISICLO FP7 CIG 321938] FX Valuable help from Francois Massonnet, Pierre-Yves Barriat, Camille Lique, Roland Seferian, Ivan Grozny, Ioulia Nikolskaia, Hideki Okajima, and Michio Kawamiya; and financial support from project BISICLO FP7 CIG 321938 are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP5, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making their model output available. For CMIP5, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Here the French Portal Prodiguer from the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Paris, France, was used to download CMIP5 output with great efficiency. Three groups are warmly thanked for providing data and associated support: EUMETSAT-OSISAF (sea ice concentration), the National Oceanographic Data Center (World Ocean Atlas nitrate), as well as Kevin Arrigo and Gert van Dijken (Arctic primary production), The two anonymous reviewers and the editor are warmly thanked for their significant contribution to this manuscript. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 605 EP 619 DI 10.1002/gbc.20055 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JA UT WOS:000325488600001 ER PT J AU van der Velde, IR Miller, JB Schaefer, K Masarie, KA Denning, S White, JWC Tans, PP Krol, MC Peters, W AF van der Velde, I. R. Miller, J. B. Schaefer, K. Masarie, K. A. Denning, S. White, J. W. C. Tans, P. P. Krol, M. C. Peters, W. TI Biosphere model simulations of interannual variability in terrestrial C-13/C-12 exchange SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; biogeochemical modeling; carbon isotopes ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; OCEAN CO2 SINK; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CYCLE; CLIMATE; FIRES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION AB Previous studies suggest that a large part of the variability in the atmospheric ratio of (CO2)-C-13/(12)CO(2)originates from carbon exchange with the terrestrial biosphere rather than with the oceans. Since this variability is used to quantitatively partition the total carbon sink, we here investigate the contribution of interannual variability (IAV) in biospheric exchange to the observed atmospheric C-13 variations. We use the Simple Biosphere - Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach biogeochemical model, including a detailed isotopic fractionation scheme, separate C-12 and C-13 biogeochemical pools, and satellite-observed fire disturbances. This model of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 thus also produces return fluxes of (13)CO(2)from its differently aged pools, contributing to the so-called disequilibrium flux. Our simulated terrestrial C-13 budget closely resembles previously published model results for plant discrimination and disequilibrium fluxes and similarly suggests that variations in C-3 discrimination and year-to-year variations in C(3)and C-4 productivity are the main drivers of their IAV. But the year-to-year variability in the isotopic disequilibrium flux is much lower (1 sigma=1.5PgCyr(-1)) than required (12.5PgCyr(-1)) to match atmospheric observations, under the common assumption of low variability in net ocean CO2 fluxes. This contrasts with earlier published results. It is currently unclear how to increase IAV in these drivers suggesting that SiBCASA still misses processes that enhance variability in plant discrimination and relative C-3/C(4)productivity. Alternatively, C-13 budget terms other than terrestrial disequilibrium fluxes, including possibly the atmospheric growth rate, must have significantly different IAV in order to close the atmospheric C-13 budget on a year-to-year basis. C1 [van der Velde, I. R.; Krol, M. C.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Miller, J. B.; Masarie, K. A.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Denning, S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Krol, M. C.] Univ Utrecht, IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP van der Velde, IR (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM ivar.vandervelde@wur.nl RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875 FU VIDI by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [5120490-01]; Geocarbon project FX The authors are most grateful to Caroline Alden for her support and provision of data. We further wish to thank the benefactors and colleagues that are participating in the Netherlands-China Exchange Program. Ivar van der Velde was supported by a VIDI grant (project 5120490-01) provided by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Wouter Peters was supported by the Geocarbon project. The measurements of CO2 and delta13C used in this publication were supported by NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and Climate Program Office. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 637 EP 649 DI 10.1002/gbc.20048 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JA UT WOS:000325488600003 ER PT J AU Palevsky, HI Ribalet, F Swalwell, JE Cosca, CE Cokelet, ED Feely, RA Armbrust, EV Quay, PD AF Palevsky, Hilary I. Ribalet, Francois Swalwell, Jarred E. Cosca, Catherine E. Cokelet, Edward D. Feely, Richard A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Quay, Paul D. TI The influence of net community production and phytoplankton community structure on CO2 uptake in the Gulf of Alaska SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; phytoplankton; Gulf of Alaska; biological pump; net community production ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE OCEAN PCO(2); ORGANIC-CARBON FLUX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN GULF; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; INORGANIC CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Biological productivity is a key factor controlling the ocean's ability to take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, the ecological dynamics that drive regions of intense productivity and carbon export are poorly understood. In this study, we present high-spatial-resolution estimates of air-sea CO2 flux, net community production (NCP) rates calculated from O-2/Ar ratios, and phytoplankton population abundances determined by continuous underway measurements on a cruise across the Gulf of Alaska in May 2010. The highest rates of NCP (24940 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)) and oceanic CO2 uptake (air-sea flux of -42.36.1 mmol C m(-2) d(-1)) were observed across a transition zone between the high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the Alaskan Gyre and the coastal waters off the Aleutian Islands. While the transition zone comprises 20% of the total area covered in crossing the Gulf of Alaska, it contributed 58% of the total NCP and 67% of the total CO2 uptake observed along the cruise track. A corresponding transition zone phytoplankton bloom was dominated by two small-celled (<20 mu m) phytoplankton communities, which were distinct from the phytoplankton communities in the surrounding Alaskan Gyre and coastal waters. We hypothesize that mixing between iron-rich coastal waters and iron-limited Alaskan Gyre waters stimulated this bloom and fueled the high NCP and CO2 export observed in the region. C1 [Palevsky, Hilary I.; Ribalet, Francois; Swalwell, Jarred E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia; Quay, Paul D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cosca, Catherine E.; Cokelet, Edward D.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Palevsky, HI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM palevsky@u.washington.edu RI ribalet, francois/C-2626-2011; OI ribalet, francois/0000-0002-7431-0234; Palevsky, Hilary/0000-0002-0488-4531 FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship from the Office of Naval Research; ARCS Foundation; NOAA OAR Climate Program Office [A10OAR4310088]; NSF [0622247]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NOAA Ocean Climate Observation Program; North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Program FX We acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations: The captain and crew of R/V Thomas G. Thompson; Geoff Lebon and Dana Greeley who plumbed the ISUS nitrate sensor into the ship's underway seawater system; Jessica Cross and Nancy Kachel for collecting discrete water samples; Scott McKeever for analyzing discrete salinity samples; Calvin Mordy for supervising Eric Wisegarver who analyzed the discrete nitrate samples and Fred Menzia who analyzed the chlorophyll-a samples; Johnny Stutsman and Mark Haught for assistance in analyzing the discrete O2/Ar samples; Steve Emerson and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship from the Office of Naval Research and an ARCS Foundation fellowship to H.I.P., by NOAA OAR Climate Program Office grant A10OAR4310088 to P.D.Q. and E.V.A., by NSF grant 0622247 and a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Investigator award to E.V.A., by NOAA Ocean Climate Observation Program support for C.E.C. and R.A.F., and by the North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Program. This is contribution 3936 from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and contribution EcoFOCI-0794 from NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 95 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 664 EP 676 DI 10.1002/gbc.20058 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JA UT WOS:000325488600005 ER PT J AU Dufour, CO Le Sommer, J Gehlen, M Orr, JC Molines, JM Simeon, J Barnier, B AF Dufour, Carolina O. Le Sommer, Julien Gehlen, Marion Orr, James C. Molines, Jean-Marc Simeon, Jennifer Barnier, Bernard TI Eddy compensation and controls of the enhanced sea-to-air CO2 flux during positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; natural CO2; eddies; southern annular mode ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; MESOSCALE EDDIES; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; OCEAN RESPONSE; DRAKE PASSAGE; TRANSPORT; CIRCULATION; CARBON; VARIABILITY AB The current positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is thought to reduce the growth rate of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink because enhanced wind-driven upwelling of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) increases outgassing of natural CO2. However, no study to date has quantified the potentially large role of mesoscale eddies in compensating intensified upwelling nor the mixed-layer processes in terms of their effects on CO2 fluxes. Here we report on results from two new simulations in a regional 0.5 degrees eddying model of the Southern Ocean. The first simulation is forced with interannually varying atmospheric reanalysis and coupled to a biogeochemistry model run under constant preindustrial atmospheric CO2. The second simulation is like the first except that superimposed on the forcing is a poleward shifted and intensified westerlies wind anomaly consistent with the positive phase of the SAM. In response to the SAM, the Southern Ocean's sea-to-air CO2 flux is enhanced by 0.1PgCyr(-1) per standard deviation of the SAM, mostly from the Antarctic Zone (AZ), where enhanced surface DIC is only partly compensated by enhanced surface alkalinity. Increased mixed-layer DIC in the AZ results from a combination of increased upwelling below the mixed layer and increased vertical diffusion at the base of the mixed layer. Previous studies overlooked the latter. Thus, upward supply of DIC and alkalinity depends on associated vertical gradients just below the mixed layer, which are affected by interior ocean transport. Our eddying model study suggests that about one third of the SAM enhancement of the Ekman-induced northward DIC transport is compensated by southward transport from standing and transient eddies. C1 [Dufour, Carolina O.] CNRS Univ Grenoble, Lab Ecoulements Geophys & Ind, Grenoble, France. [Dufour, Carolina O.; Gehlen, Marion; Orr, James C.; Simeon, Jennifer] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, LSCE, IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Le Sommer, Julien; Molines, Jean-Marc; Barnier, Bernard] CNRS Univ Grenoble, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. RP Dufour, CO (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cdu-four@princeton.edu RI Barnier, Bernard/F-2400-2016; Le Sommer, Julien/B-9869-2013; OI Barnier, Bernard/0000-0002-7539-2542; Le Sommer, Julien/0000-0002-6882-2938; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080 FU French CEA (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives); European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA); European Community [211384]; EU [264879]; French CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); ANR [ANR-08-JCJC-0777-01]; CNRS through LEFE/INSU program [CO2SUD] FX C.O. Dufour was supported by the French CEA (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives). Funding for this study came from the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) funded by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 211384, as well as by the EU FP7 project CarboChange (grant agreement 264879). J. Le Sommer and B. Barnier were supported by the French CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique). This work benefited from funding of the ANR (through contract ANR-08-JCJC-0777-01) and from CNRS through LEFE/INSU program (project CO2SUD). This work was granted access to the HPC resources of [CCRT/TGCC/CINES/IDRIS] under the allocation 2011-016035 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). Simulations were carried out at the CINES super computer facility in Montpellier, France. We thank C. Ethe, L. Bopp, and O. Aumont for providing initialization fields and for discussions about model setup, analysis, and results. We also thank L. Merlivat for her advice on the mixed-layer term balance analysis. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 950 EP 961 DI 10.1002/gbc.20090 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JA UT WOS:000325488600030 ER PT J AU Granger, J Prokopenko, MG Mordy, CW Sigman, DM AF Granger, Julie Prokopenko, Maria G. Mordy, Calvin W. Sigman, Daniel M. TI The proportion of remineralized nitrate on the ice-covered eastern Bering Sea shelf evidenced from the oxygen isotope ratio of nitrate SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE nitrate isotopes; Bering Sea shelf; remineralization; benthic; denitrification; sea ice ID DENITRIFIER METHOD; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CHUKCHI SHELF; MIDDLE SHELF; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; NITRITE; FRACTIONATION; VARIABILITY AB We present measurements of nitrate and its natural abundance oxygen isotope composition (O-18/O-16) in the water column of the broad and shallow eastern Bering Sea shelf in the late winter and early spring of 2007 and 2008. In both years, nitrate concentrations showed a characteristic decrease, from 25 mu M at the slope to 5 mu M inshore. The O-18/O-16 ratio of nitrate (O-18(NO3) versus SMOW) also decreased from 3.2 at the slope to 1.5 inshore in 2007 and to as low as -1 inshore in 2008, indicating that nitrate inshore was nitrified at least once since having been entrained as nitrate from the slope. The shoreward decrease was less pronounced in 2007 due to O-18 enrichment of nitrate from incident phytoplankton assimilation in the ice-covered water column, whereas little to no algal growth in the water column was evident in 2008. By comparing the O-18 of nitrate to that of ambient water in spring 2008, we estimate the fraction of nitrate that was remineralized in situ rather than recently advected from the slope. These estimates indicate that 20%-100% of the nitrate in winter water of the middle and inner shelves derives from regeneration directly on the shelf rather than from the seasonal entrainment of slope waters, with recycling being the dominant mode of seasonal nitrate recharge from the 70m isobath shoreward. These observations indicate substantial nutrient recycling on the shallow shelf, which has direct implications for the extent of fixed N loss to benthic denitrification and the fertility of the eastern shelf. C1 [Granger, Julie] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Prokopenko, Maria G.] Pomona Coll, Dept Geol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mordy, Calvin W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Sigman, Daniel M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Granger, J (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM julie.granger@uconn.edu RI Sigman, Daniel/A-2649-2008 OI Sigman, Daniel/0000-0002-7923-1973 FU NSF [ARC-0732771, ARC-0732428, OCE-0447570, OPP-0453680]; NSF's Office of Polar Programs as part of the Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) program [OPP-0612198, OPP-0732430, OPP-1107250]; MacArthur Foundation; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, NA10OAR4320148] FX We thank the captain and crew of USCG Healy and chief scientists R. Sambrotto, C. Ashjian, and E. Lessard and Peter Proctor for nutrient analysis on some samples. Water column delta18O values were provided by K. Aagaard, S. Danielson, and T. Weingartner through support from NSF grants ARC-0732771 and ARC-0732428. These samples were processed by J. McKay at the OSU/COEAS Stable Isotope Laboratory. Comments by two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. This research was funded by NSF's Office of Polar Programs as part of the Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) program (grants OPP-0612198 to D.M.S and OPP-0732430 and OPP-1107250 to C.W.M), with additional support from NSF grants OCE-0447570 and OPP-0453680 (D.M.S) and the MacArthur Foundation. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148, and is contribution EcoFOCI-0801 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations, contribution 2155 to JISAO, and contribution 4045 to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. This is BEST-BSIERP publication number 112. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 962 EP 971 DI 10.1002/gbc.20075 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 232JA UT WOS:000325488600031 ER PT J AU Chen, W Ray, J Li, JC Huang, CL Shen, WB AF Chen, Wei Ray, Jim Li, JianCheng Huang, ChengLi Shen, WenBin TI Polar motion excitations for an Earth model with frequency-dependent responses: 1. A refined theory with insight into the Earth's rheology and core-mantle coupling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Earth rotation theory; frequency-dependent response; mantle anelasticity; quasi-fluid rheology; ocean pole tides; Chandler wobble ID CHANDLER-WOBBLE; OCEAN TIDES; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; FORCED NUTATIONS; ROTATION; PERIOD; DEFORMATION; ORIENTATION; ATMOSPHERE; RESONANCE AB This study aims to improve the polar motion theory by developing refined frequency-dependent transfer functions with the most current models for ocean tides, the Earth's rheology, and core-mantle coupling. First, we present a power law for mantle anelasticity constrained by the Chandler period T-CW and quality factor Q(CW) and an empirical quasi-fluid rheology model with a linear dependence on frequency, which is suitable for a period as long as similar to 18.6 years. Then we adopt the diurnal ocean tides from the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service Conventions (2010), the long-period ocean model of Dickman and Gross (2010), and the equilibrium ocean pole tide model of Desai (2002) to calculate the oceanic corrections to the Love numbers. Further, we present discussions on the geophysical and observational aspects of the Chandler period TCW and quality factor Q(CW), and provide preferred values and intervals for T-CW and Q(CW), which allow us to place some constraints on the mantle anelasticity and core-mantle coupling ratio (CW). Although (CW) is affected by uncertainties in T-CW and Q(CW), we find its real part should be around 2%-3% while its imaginary part might be only a few thousandths. Finally, the frequency-dependent polar motion transfer functions T-L and T-NL are determined based on the models of frequency-dependent Love numbers and core-mantle coupling discussed above. Our transfer functions are related to the values of T-CW and Q(CW), however, our analyses demonstrate that our transfer functions are rather stable and not sensitive to perturbations in T-CW and Q(CW). C1 [Chen, Wei; Li, JianCheng; Shen, WenBin] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Key Lab Geospace Environm & Geodesy, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Chen, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Huang, ChengLi] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Key Lab Geospace Environm & Geodesy, Luoyu Rd 129, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM wchen@sgg.whu.edu.cn RI Huang, Chengli/B-1389-2009; he, shuyi/K-2082-2014; OI Chen, Wei/0000-0003-0260-1128 FU National 973 Project of China [2013CB733305]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41174011, 41128003, 11073044]; Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, CAS [SKLGED2013-2-3-E]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M542060]; Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China [12-02-02]; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, CAS FX We thank Richard Gross for criticism on an earlier version of this manuscript and for suggesting testing the robustness of our theory with respect to perturbations in the Chandler wobble parameters. Steve Dickman and an anonymous reviewer are highly appreciated for their insightful comments and suggestions, which significantly improved the presentation of this manuscript. W. Chen also thanks the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, CAS for providing the chance and funds for a visit, during which part of this study was done. This study is supported in parts by the National 973 Project of China (2013CB733305), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41174011, 41128003, and 11073044), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, CAS (SKLGED2013-2-3-E), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M542060), and the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (12-02-02). NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4975 EP 4994 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50314 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 233FP UT WOS:000325553000020 ER PT J AU Chen, W Ray, J Shen, WB Huang, CL AF Chen, Wei Ray, Jim Shen, WenBin Huang, ChengLi TI Polar motion excitations for an Earth model with frequency-dependent responses: 2. Numerical tests of the meteorological excitations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE polar motion; frequency-dependent response; geodetic excitation; meteorological excitations ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ORIENTATION PARAMETERS; WOBBLE; EQUATIONS; ROTATION; OCEANS; LENGTH; SERIES AB Polar motion excitation involves mass redistributions and motions of the Earth system relative to the mantle, as well as the frequency-dependent rheology of the Earth, where the latter has recently been modeled in the form of frequency-dependent Love numbers and polar motion transfer functions. At seasonal and intraseasonal time scales, polar motions are dominated by angular momentum fluctuations due to mass redistributions and relative motions in the atmosphere, oceans, and continental water, snow, and ice. In this study, we compare the geophysical excitations derived from various global atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological models (NCEP, ECCO, ERA40, ERAinterim, and ECMWF operational products), and construct two model sets LDC1 and LDC2 by combining the above models with a least difference method. Comparisons between the geodetic excitation (derived from the polar motion series IERS EOP 08 C04) and the geophysical excitations (based on those meteorological models) imply that the atmospheric models are the most reliable while the hydrological ones are the most inaccurate; that the ERAinterim is, in general, the best model set among the original ones, but the combined models LDC1 and LDC2 are much better than ERAinterim; and that applying the frequency-dependent transfer functions to LDC1 and LDC2 improves their agreements with the geodetic excitation. Thus, we conclude that the combined models LDC1 and LDC2 are reliable, and the frequency-dependent Love numbers and polar motion transfer functions are well modeled. C1 [Chen, Wei; Shen, WenBin] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Key Lab Geospace Environm & Geodesy, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Chen, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Huang, ChengLi] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Key Lab Geospace Environm & Geodesy, Luoyu Rd 129, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM wchen@sgg.whu.edu.cn RI Huang, Chengli/B-1389-2009; he, shuyi/K-2082-2014; OI Chen, Wei/0000-0003-0260-1128 FU Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science; National 973 Project, China [2013CB733305]; National Natural Science Foundation, China [41174011, 41128003, 11073044]; Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, CAS [SKLGED2013-2-3-E]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M542060]; Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China [12-02-02] FX W. Chen has consulted Richard Gross and Henryk Dobslaw on how the IB/non-IB assumption is handled for the ECCO/JPL and OMCT/ECMWF models, respectively, and Aleksander Brzezinski on the consistencies among and reliabilities of various geophysical fluid models. Two anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated for their valuable comments and suggestions, which significantly improved the presentation of this manuscript. W. Chen also thanks the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science for providing the chance and funds for a visit, during which part of this study was done. This study is supported in parts by the National 973 Project, China (2013CB733305), the National Natural Science Foundation, China (41174011, 41128003, and 11073044), the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, CAS (SKLGED2013-2-3-E), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M542060), and the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (12-02-02). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 4995 EP 5007 DI 10.1002/jgrb.50313 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 233FP UT WOS:000325553000021 ER PT J AU Dubyagin, S Ganushkina, N Apatenkov, S Kubyshkina, M Ohtani, SI Singer, H Liemohn, M AF Dubyagin, S. Ganushkina, N. Apatenkov, S. Kubyshkina, M. Ohtani, S-I Singer, H. Liemohn, M. TI Storm time duskside equatorial current and its closure path SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic storm; partial ring current; field-aligned currents ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; SCALE BIRKELAND CURRENTS; PARTIAL RING CURRENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; DEPENDENCE; LATITUDES; SATELLITE; PHASE AB We study the closure path of the equatorial current which flows on the duskside in the inner magnetosphere during the moderate two-dip storm on 22July2009. This work was motivated by the result obtained in Tsyganenko and Sitnov (2007) that the prominent part of the duskside equatorial current might close through the dayside magnetopause during magnetic storms. Assuming the electric current conservation, we compared the value of the total downward region2 current with the intensity of the equatorial current on the duskside to infer what part of the latter closes through the ionosphere. The estimates of the intensity of the equatorial current were based on the THEMIS and GOES magnetic field measurements in the vicinity of geosynchronous orbit. It was found that the duskside equatorial current intensifies simultaneously with Sym-H decrease. However, unlike the conventional partial ring current, it occupies the region of the highly stretched magnetic configuration (magnetic field inclination approximate to 24 degrees at r=5.4R(E)). At the same time, the magnetic field measurements onboard three DMSP satellites showed that the local time distribution of the storm time region2 currents preserves the pattern typical for more quiet periods with upward (downward) current in the prenoon (afternoon) sector. The peak intensities of the downward region2 current were recorded within 1h from the Sym-H minima in the vicinity of the dusk meridian. The peak values of the total downward region2 current were found to be within 5-5.8mA, while the intensity of the equatorial current at R approximate to 5.4-6.6R(E) was found to be 0.8-1.7mA per 1R(E). Keeping a current continuity, the radial extent of the partial ring current is estimated as 3.4-6R(E). This indicates that most of the duskside current was diverted to the ionosphere during the main phase of this storm. C1 [Dubyagin, S.; Ganushkina, N.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Ganushkina, N.; Liemohn, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Apatenkov, S.; Kubyshkina, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Earth Phys Dept, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Ohtani, S-I] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Singer, H.] Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dubyagin, S (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM stepan.dubyagin@fmi.fi RI Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Apatenkov, Sergey/J-4899-2013; Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016; OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840; Apatenkov, Sergey/0000-0001-8959-3479 FU Academy of Finland; International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, for their support of an international team on "Resolving Current Systems in Geospace"; NASA; NSF; German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50OC0302] FX Work by S.D. was supported by the Academy of Finland. The authors thank the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, for their support of an international team on "Resolving Current Systems in Geospace." Work by N.G. was partly supported by NASA, NSF, and Academy of Finland. Work by M.L. was supported by various NASA and NSF grants. Magnetospheric indices and solar wind parameters were obtained from the OMNI database provided by J.H. King, N. Papitashvilli at AdnetSystems, NASA GSFC. DMSP magnetometer data were provided by G. Wilson and the Air Force Research Laboratory, and we thank S. Wing for making it available for this study. GOES data were obtained via the CDAWeb. Thanks to K. H.Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50OC0302. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 5616 EP 5625 DI 10.1002/jgra.50512 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232HN UT WOS:000325483800020 ER PT J AU Manoj, C Maus, S Alken, P AF Manoj, C. Maus, S. Alken, P. TI Long-period prompt-penetration electric fields derived from CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; magnetosphere; electric field; prompt penetration; CHAMP ID EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET; LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; POWER SPECTRA; SOLAR-WIND; DRIFT; RESOLUTION; COHERENCE; RADAR AB The prompt penetration of the interplanetary electric field to the equatorial ionosphere is conveniently modeled with a frequency-dependent transfer function. However, long-period responses (>3h) of previously estimated transfer functions differ considerably due to insufficient ionospheric eastward electric field (EEF) data useful for spectral analysis. The EEF derived from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite provides a new opportunity to reliably estimate the long-period transfer function for the first time. Our objectives in this paper are twofold: first, we analyze the frequency spectra of the equatorial ionospheric eastward electric field for periods greater than 6h; second, we test the hypothesis that the average prompt-penetration effect lasts less than 3h after an initial perturbation in the interplanetary electric field (IEF). We find that atmospheric sources dominate the EEF at diurnal frequencies, and its subharmonics and magnetospheric sources dominate the EEF for other frequencies. The CHAMP-derived transfer function has smaller errors than the previous estimates, and we confirm that the average prompt-penetration response of the equatorial ionospheric electric field to a 1mV/m change in the IEF is negligible after 3h and up to the maximum analysis period of 32h. We update our transfer function model with the new data sets and make the filter coefficients available to the scientific community. The transfer function prediction matched reasonably well with the EEF observation in both the South American and Indian sectors. A transfer function model of the prompt-penetration effects, driven by the interplanetary electric field, can be highly beneficial to the real-time specification of the ionosphere. C1 [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.; Alken, P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.; Alken, P.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Manoj, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM manoj.c.nair@noaa.gov FU NSF through Cornell University [ATM-0432565]; Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX We acknowledge the OMNIWEB service by NASA for access to the solar wind measurements data. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF Cooperative Agreement ATM-0432565 through Cornell University. The Indian geomagnetic observatories ABG and TIR are operated by the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism. The operational support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the financial support for the data processing by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) are gratefully acknowledged. Comments by Janet Machol of NOAA improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 5919 EP 5930 DI 10.1002/jgra.50511 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232HN UT WOS:000325483800046 ER PT J AU Intravaia, F Koev, S Jung, IW Talin, AA Davids, PS Decca, RS Aksyuk, VA Dalvit, DAR Lopez, D AF Intravaia, Francesco Koev, Stephan Jung, Il Woong Talin, A. Alec Davids, Paul S. Decca, Ricardo S. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. Dalvit, Diego A. R. Lopez, Daniel TI Strong Casimir force reduction through metallic surface nanostructuring SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; RANGE; SOLIDS AB The Casimir force between bodies in vacuum can be understood as arising from their interaction with an infinite number of fluctuating electromagnetic quantum vacuum modes, resulting in a complex dependence on the shape and material of the interacting objects. Becoming dominant at small separations, the force has a significant role in nanomechanics and object manipulation at the nanoscale, leading to a considerable interest in identifying structures where the Casimir interaction behaves significantly different from the well-known attractive force between parallel plates. Here we experimentally demonstrate that by nanostructuring one of the interacting metal surfaces at scales below the plasma wavelength, an unexpected regime in the Casimir force can be observed. Replacing a flat surface with a deep metallic lamellar grating with sub-100 nm features strongly suppresses the Casimir force and for large inter-surfaces separations reduces it beyond what would be expected by any existing theoretical prediction. C1 [Intravaia, Francesco; Dalvit, Diego A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koev, Stephan; Talin, A. Alec; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koev, Stephan] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Davids, Paul S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Decca, Ricardo S.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Lopez, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dlopez@anl.gov RI Intravaia, Francesco/E-6500-2010; OI Intravaia, Francesco/0000-0001-7993-4698; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU DARPA/MTO Casimir Effect Enhancement program under DOE/NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DOE-DARPA MIPR 09-Y557]; IUPUI Nanoscale Imaging Center, Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Collaborative Research Grants; Indiana University Center for Space Symmetries; Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to R. Behunin, H.B. Chan, J.-J. Greffet, R. Guerout, S. Johnson, S. de Man, P. Milonni, J. Pendry, F. da Rosa and T. Kenny for discussions. The full description of the procedures used in this paper requires the identification of certain commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials, instruments, software or suppliers for the purposes described. This work was partially supported by the DARPA/MTO Casimir Effect Enhancement program under DOE/NNSA Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and DOE-DARPA MIPR 09-Y557. R.S.D. acknowledges support from the IUPUI Nanoscale Imaging Center, Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Collaborative Research Grants and the Indiana University Center for Space Symmetries. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 AR 2515 DI 10.1038/ncomms3515 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233AE UT WOS:000325535500001 PM 24071657 ER PT J AU Lee, H Suh, MG Chen, T Li, J Diddams, SA Vahala, KJ AF Lee, Hansuek Suh, Myoung-Gyun Chen, Tong Li, Jiang Diddams, Scott A. Vahala, Kerry J. TI Spiral resonators for on-chip laser frequency stabilization SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GALLERY-MODE-RESONATOR; SILICON CHIP; DELAY-LINE; CAVITY; TEMPERATURE; MICRORESONATOR; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; REFERENCES; HG-199(+) AB Frequency references are indispensable to radio, microwave and time keeping systems, with far reaching applications in navigation, communication, remote sensing and basic science. Over the past decade, there has been an optical revolution in time keeping and microwave generation that promises to ultimately impact all of these areas. Indeed, the most precise clocks and lowest noise microwave signals are now based on a laser with short-term stability derived from a reference cavity. In spite of the tremendous progress, these systems remain essentially laboratory devices and there is interest in their miniaturization, even towards on-chip systems. Here we describe a chip-based optical reference cavity that uses spatial averaging of thermorefractive noise to enhance resonator stability. Stabilized fibre lasers exhibit relative Allan deviation of 3.9 x 10(-13) at 400 mu s averaging time and an effective linewidth <100 Hz by achieving over 26 dB of phase-noise reduction. C1 [Lee, Hansuek; Suh, Myoung-Gyun; Chen, Tong; Li, Jiang; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lee, Hansuek] hQphotonics, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu RI Li, Jiang/O-5235-2014; Lee, Hansuek/G-2007-2015; OI Lee, Hansuek/0000-0002-0748-7662; Suh, Myoung-Gyun/0000-0002-9527-0585 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency [SB121-001]; iPhoD program; QuASAR program; Kavli Nanoscience Institute; Institute for Quantum Information and Matter; NSF Physics Frontiers Centre FX We thank Andrew Ludlow and Scott Papp (NIST, Boulder CO) for helpful discussions and comments on this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency under SB121-001, the iPhoD program, and also the QuASAR program, the Kavli Nanoscience Institute and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Centre with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defence or the US Government. Distribution A-approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 AR 2468 DI 10.1038/ncomms3468 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 232ZO UT WOS:000325533900015 PM 24043134 ER PT J AU Bartz, JA Zeissler, CJ Fomenko, VV Akselrod, MS AF Bartz, J. A. Zeissler, C. J. Fomenko, V. V. Akselrod, M. S. TI An imaging spectrometer based on high resolution microscopy of fluorescent aluminum oxide crystal detectors SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Luminescence Detectors and Transformers of Ionizing Radiation (LUMDETR) CY SEP 10-14, 2012 CL Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Halle, GERMANY SP Ctr Innovat Competence SiLi Nano HO Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg DE Hot particles; alpha-Particle spectroscopy; Radionuclide analysis; Luminescence; Fluorescent nuclear track detectors ID TRACK DETECTOR; DOSIMETRY; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; PARTICLES AB Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detector (FNTD) technology was tested as an imaging, spectroscopic tool for radionuclide analysis. This investigation intended to distinguish between characteristic alpha-particles of Pu-239 (5.2 MeV), U-234 (4.8 MeV) and U-238 (4.2 MeV). FNTDs are Al2O3:C,Mg single crystals with color centers that undergo radiochromic transformation. FNTD readout is non-destructive and is performed with fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy. Ionization events register in the detector as bright fluorescent features on a weak fluorescent background. Images were acquired at several incrementing depths in the detector to produce 3D datasets. Spectroscopic information was obtained by measuring alpha-particle range in the detector after 3D image reconstruction. The resolution of this technique is fundamentally limited by particle range straggling (about 3.8% (k = 1) at these alpha-particle energies). The spectroscopic line-width as full width at half maximum (FWHM) was determined to be 0.4 MeV enabling discrimination between the isotopes of interest. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bartz, J. A.; Fomenko, V. V.; Akselrod, M. S.] Landauer Inc, Stillwater Crystal Growth Div, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Bartz, J. A.; Akselrod, M. S.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. [Zeissler, C. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Akselrod, MS (reprint author), Landauer Inc, Stillwater Crystal Growth Div, 723 1-2 Eastgate, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM makselrod@landauerinc.com NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 56 SI SI BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.01.041 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 234VC UT WOS:000325671400062 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Briske, DD Morgan, JA Wolter, K Bailey, DW Brown, JR AF Polley, H. Wayne Briske, David D. Morgan, Jack A. Wolter, Klaus Bailey, Derek W. Brown, Joel R. TI Climate Change and North American Rangelands: Trends, Projections, and Implications SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric CO2; atmospheric warming; climate variability; greenhouse gases; livestock production; precipitation patterns ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; ALTERS SPECIES COMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; CENTRAL GRASSLAND REGION; CHANGE-TYPE DROUGHT; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; GLOBAL-CHANGE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; BIOMASS PRODUCTION AB The amplified "greenhouse effect" associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases has increased atmospheric temperature by 1 degrees C since industrialization (around 1750), and it is anticipated to cause an additional 2 degrees C increase by midcentury. Increased biospheric warming is also projected to modify the amount and distribution of annual precipitation and increase the occurrence of both drought and heat waves. The ecological consequences of climate change will vary substantially among ecoregions because of regional differences in antecedent environmental conditions; the rate and magnitude of change in the primary climate change drivers, including elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), warming and precipitation modification; and nonadditive effects among climate drivers. Elevated atmospheric CO2 will directly stimulate plant growth and reduce negative effects of drying in a warmer climate by increasing plant water use efficiency; however, the CO2 effect is mediated by environmental conditions, especially soil water availability. Warming and drying are anticipated to reduce soil water availability, net primary productivity, and other ecosystem processes in the southern Great Plains, the Southwest, and northern Mexico, but warmer and generally wetter conditions will likely enhance these processes in the northern Plains and southern Canada. The Northwest will warm considerably, but annual precipitation is projected to change little despite a large decrease in summer precipitation. Reduced winter snowpack and earlier snowmelt will affect hydrology and riparian systems in the Northwest. Specific consequences of climate change will be numerous and varied and include modifications to forage quantity and quality and livestock production systems, soil C content, fire regimes, livestock metabolism, and plant community composition and species distributions, including range contraction and expansion of invasive species. Recent trends and model projections indicate continued directional change and increasing variability in climate that will substantially affect the provision of ecosystem services on North American rangelands. C1 [Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Briske, David D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Morgan, Jack A.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wolter, Klaus] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bailey, Derek W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brown, Joel R.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA NRCS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov RI Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015 NR 210 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 19 U2 184 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 5 BP 493 EP 511 DI 10.2111/REM-D-12-00068.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 229BU UT WOS:000325237600001 ER PT J AU Brown, RC Olmschenk, S Wu, SJ Dyckovsky, AM Wyllie, R Porto, JV AF Brown, Roger C. Olmschenk, S. Wu, Saijun Dyckovsky, A. M. Wyllie, R. Porto, J. V. TI Note: Pneumatically actuated and kinematically positioned optical mounts compatible with laser-cooling experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We present two complementary designs of pneumatically actuated and kinematically positioned optics mounts: one designed for vertical mounting and translation, the other designed for horizontal mounting and translation. The design and measured stability make these mounts well-suited to experiments with laser-cooled atoms. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Brown, Roger C.; Olmschenk, S.; Wu, Saijun; Dyckovsky, A. M.; Wyllie, R.; Porto, J. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Roger C.; Olmschenk, S.; Wu, Saijun; Dyckovsky, A. M.; Wyllie, R.; Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Olmschenk, S.] Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. [Wu, Saijun] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Dyckovsky, A. M.] Loudoun Cty Publ Sch Acad Sci, Sterling, VA 20164 USA. RP Brown, RC (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011; Brown, Roger/A-9630-2009 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714; Brown, Roger/0000-0002-8228-4283 FU ARO Atomtronics MURI FX We thank Karl D. Nelson, Martin Zelan, Aaron Young, Silvio Koller, and David Norris for discussions and technical contributions. We thank L. J. LeBlanc and S. Sugawa for critically reading the paper. We acknowledge financial support from the ARO Atomtronics MURI. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 84 IS 9 AR 096101 DI 10.1063/1.4819744 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 231FX UT WOS:000325402000068 PM 24089876 ER PT J AU White, CC Hunston, DL Tan, KT Hettenhouser, J Garver, JD AF White, C. C. Hunston, D. L. Tan, K. T. Hettenhouser, J. Garver, J. D. TI An accelerated exposure and testing apparatus for building joint sealants SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSION AB The design, fabrication, and implementation of a computer-controlled exposure and testing apparatus for building joint sealants are described in this paper. This apparatus is unique in its ability to independently control and monitor temperature, relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and mechanical deformation. Each of these environmental factors can be controlled precisely over a wide range of conditions during periods of a month or more. Moreover, as controlled mechanical deformations can be generated, in situ mechanical characterization tests can be performed without removing specimens from the chamber. Temperature and humidity were controlled during our experiments via a precision temperature regulator and proportional mixing of dry and moisture-saturated air; while highly uniform UV radiation was attained by attaching the chamber to an integrating sphere-based radiation source. A computer-controlled stepper motor and a transmission system were used to provide precise movement control. The reliability and effectiveness of the apparatus were demonstrated on a model sealant material. The results clearly show that this apparatus provides an excellent platform to study the long-term durability of building joint sealants. C1 [White, C. C.; Hunston, D. L.; Tan, K. T.; Hettenhouser, J.; Garver, J. D.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov FU industry/government consortium on Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The support from an industry/government consortium on Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is greatly appreciated. The participating companies include DAP, BASF, Dow Corning, Dow Chemical, SIKA, Tremco, and Wacker Silicones. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 84 IS 9 AR 095113 DI 10.1063/1.4821880 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 231FX UT WOS:000325402000064 PM 24089872 ER PT J AU Abraham, JP Baringer, M Bindoff, NL Boyer, T Cheng, LJ Church, JA Conroy, JL Domingues, CM Fasullo, JT Gilson, J Goni, G Good, SA Gorman, JM Gouretski, V Ishii, M Johnson, GC Kizu, S Lyman, JM Macdonald, AM Minkowycz, WJ Moffitt, SE Palmer, MD Piola, AR Reseghetti, F Schuckmann, K Trenberth, KE Velicogna, I Willis, JK AF Abraham, J. P. Baringer, M. Bindoff, N. L. Boyer, T. Cheng, L. J. Church, J. A. Conroy, J. L. Domingues, C. M. Fasullo, J. T. Gilson, J. Goni, G. Good, S. A. Gorman, J. M. Gouretski, V. Ishii, M. Johnson, G. C. Kizu, S. Lyman, J. M. Macdonald, A. M. Minkowycz, W. J. Moffitt, S. E. Palmer, M. D. Piola, A. R. Reseghetti, F. Schuckmann, K. Trenberth, K. E. Velicogna, I. Willis, J. K. TI A REVIEW OF GLOBAL OCEAN TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OCEAN HEAT CONTENT ESTIMATES AND CLIMATE CHANGE SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE global warming; ocean heat content; Argo float; thermosteric sea level rise; expendable bathythermograph; Earth energy balance ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH XBT; EARTHS ENERGY IMBALANCE; WESTERN SOUTH-ATLANTIC; THETA-S CLIMATOLOGY; FALL-RATE; PROFILING FLOATS; SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CONTENT VARIABILITY AB The evolution of ocean temperature measurement systems is presented with a focus on the development and accuracy of two critical devices in use today (expendable bathythermographs and conductivity-temperature-depth instruments used on Argo floats). A detailed discussion of the accuracy of these devices and a projection of the future of ocean temperature measurements are provided. The accuracy of ocean temperature measurements is discussed in detail in the context of ocean heat content, Earth's energy imbalance, and thermosteric sea level rise. Up-to-date estimates are provided for these three important quantities. The total energy imbalance at the top of atmosphere is best assessed by taking an inventory of changes in energy storage. The main storage is in the ocean, the latest values of which are presented. Furthermore, despite differences in measurement methods and analysis techniques, multiple studies show that there has been a multidecadal increase in the heat content of both the upper and deep ocean regions, which reflects the impact of anthropogenic warming. With respect to sea level rise, mutually reinforcing information from tide gauges and radar altimetry shows that presently, sea level is rising at approximately 3mmyr(-1) with contributions from both thermal expansion and mass accumulation from ice melt. The latest data for thermal expansion sea level rise are included here and analyzed. C1 [Abraham, J. P.; Gorman, J. M.] Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Baringer, M.; Goni, G.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bindoff, N. L.] Univ Tasmania, IMAS, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bindoff, N. L.; Church, J. A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bindoff, N. L.; Domingues, C. M.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Boyer, T.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cheng, L. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Conroy, J. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fasullo, J. T.; Trenberth, K. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gilson, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Good, S. A.; Palmer, M. D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Gouretski, V.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Ishii, M.] Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Johnson, G. C.; Lyman, J. M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kizu, S.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Lyman, J. M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Macdonald, A. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Minkowycz, W. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL USA. [Moffitt, S. E.] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA USA. [Moffitt, S. E.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Piola, A. R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Oceanog, Serv Hidrografia Naval, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Piola, A. R.] Univ Buenos Aires, UMI IFAECI, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Reseghetti, F.] ENEA Italian Natl Agcy New Technol, Energy Sustainable Econ Dev UTMAR OSS, La Spezia, Italy. [Schuckmann, K.] IFREMER, Toulon, France. [Velicogna, I.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Velicogna, I.; Willis, J. K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Abraham, JP (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, 2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM jpabraham@stthomas.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012; Piola, Alberto/O-2280-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Domingues, Catia /A-2901-2015; Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Piola, Alberto/0000-0002-5003-8926; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Domingues, Catia /0000-0001-5100-4595; Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Gorman, John/0000-0003-4046-7847 FU ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science; MOST project [2012CB417404]; Australian Climate Change Science Program; Australian Antarctic and Ecosystems Research Cooperative Centre; NOAA [NA17RJ1231]; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Cluster of Excellence "CLISAP", University of Hamburg [EXC177]; German Science Foundation; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Research; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research through the US National Science Foundation [GEO-0452325]; NASA [NNX09AH89G]; EC FP7 project MyOcean2 FX N.L.B. acknowledges support from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science. L.J.C. was supported by the MOST project (grant 2012CB417404). J.A.C. and S. W. were funded by the Australian Climate Change Science Program. C. M. D. was funded by the Australian Antarctic and Ecosystems Research Cooperative Centre. J.G. was supported through NOAA grant NA17RJ1231 (Scripps Institute of Oceanography). S. A. G. was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). V. G. was supported through the Cluster of Excellence "CLISAP" (EXC177), University of Hamburg, funded through the German Science Foundation. T. B., J.M.L., and G.C.J. were supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office and NOAA Research. A. P. was supported by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research through the US National Science Foundation grant GEO-0452325. K. E. T. and J.T.F. were sponsored by NASA under grant NNX09AH89G. F. R. was supported by EC FP7 project MyOcean2 and operationally supported in part by NOAA/AOML. NR 196 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 15 U2 162 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 450 EP 483 DI 10.1002/rog.20022 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 232LV UT WOS:000325496200003 ER PT J AU Sebring, SH Carper, MC Ledgerwood, RD Sandford, BP Matthews, GM Evans, AF AF Sebring, Scott H. Carper, Melissa C. Ledgerwood, Richard D. Sandford, Benjamin P. Matthews, Gene M. Evans, Allen F. TI Relative Vulnerability of PIT-Tagged Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon to Predation by Caspian Terns and Double-Crested Cormorants in the Columbia River Estuary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; AVIAN PREDATION; SEASONAL FLOODPLAIN; FORAGING PATTERNS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC COAST; SURVIVAL; OREGON AB We quantified the percentage of PIT-tagged subyearling fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were consumed by Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia and double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus nesting on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary by electronically recovering PIT tags that were deposited on the bird colonies. We released 23 groups of PIT-tagged subyearling fall Chinook Salmon from hatcheries in the lower Columbia River downstream of Bonneville Dam from 2002 to 2010. Vulnerability to avian predation was compared between PIT-tagged subyearlings of two Columbia River basin stocks: tule and upriver bright (URB). Recoveries of PIT tags revealed that overall predation rates were significantly different between the tule stock (22%) and URB stock (3%); for fish that were detected as entering the lower Columbia River during the same week, predation rates also differed between stocks (tule: 21%; URB: 2%). Minimum predation rates on tule subyearlings originating from hatcheries downstream of Bonneville Dam were among the highest documented for any salmonid species in the Columbia River basin to date, occasionally exceeding 35% of the available fish. The ratio of URB fish consumed by the two avian predators indicated that the percentages were nearly equal (cormorant [%]: tern [%] = 51:49), whereas the ratio for tule-stock fish consumed by the two avian species was not uniform (cormorant: tern = 81:19). Differences in predation rates between the tule stock and the URB stock may be attributable to migration behaviors exhibited in the estuary. We estimate that more than 8 million tule fall Chinook Salmon subyearlings released from hatcheries annually are consumed by double-crested cormorants and Caspian terns nesting on East Sand Island; ongoing management actions by multiple federal, state, and tribal governments, if successful, will decrease predation on fall Chinook Salmon stocks. Received October 9, 2012; accepted May 8, 2013 C1 [Sebring, Scott H.; Carper, Melissa C.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Ledgerwood, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Point Adams Biol Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Sandford, Benjamin P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Pasco Res Stn, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. [Matthews, Gene M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Evans, Allen F.] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. RP Sebring, SH (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 205 Southeast Spokane St,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM scottsebring.sci@gmail.com FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District FX This research was supported with funding by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District. We thank our USACE representatives: Scott Dunmire, Chris Pinney, and David Trachtenbarg. In addition, we are grateful to the numerous support staff from NOAA Fisheries and PSMFC as well as Ken Collis, Daniel Roby, and biologists from Real Time Research and Oregon State University. We thank hatchery personnel from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sea Resources, Clatsop Economic Development Council, and Warrenton High School for allowing us to PIT-tag their fish. We also thank April Cameron, Rory Cameron, Amy Cook, Matthew Morris, Michael Morrow, Steve Porter, and the Warrenton High School Fisheries Ecology students for their participation in PIT-tagging operations. Finally, we thank Edmundo Casillas, Earl Dawley, G. Curtis Roegner, Laurie Weitkamp, and Jeannette Zamon for providing comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1334 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.806952 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800014 ER PT J AU Kinziger, AP Hellmair, M Hankin, DG Garza, JC AF Kinziger, Andrew P. Hellmair, Michael Hankin, David G. Garza, John Carlos TI Contemporary Population Structure in Klamath River Basin Chinook Salmon Revealed by Analysis of Microsatellite Genetic Data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ATLANTIC SALMON; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; LIFE-HISTORY; DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; CENTRAL VALLEY; CALIFORNIA; SOFTWARE; STOCKING; DISTANCE AB Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exhibit substantial population genetic structure at multiple scales. Although geography is generally more important than life history, particularly migration and run timing, for describing genetic structure in Chinook Salmon, there are several exceptions to this general pattern, and hatchery supplementation has altered natural genetic structure in some areas. Given that genetic structure of Chinook Salmon is often basin-specific, we assessed genetic variation of 27 microsatellite loci in geographically and temporally distinct natural populations and hatchery stocks in the Klamath River basin, California. Multiple analyses support recognition of three major genetic lineages from separate geographic regions in the Klamath River basin: the lower basin, the Klamath River, and the Trinity River. The lower basin group was sharply distinct, but populations in the Klamath and Trinity river lineages were connected by processes that can be described by a one-dimensional, linear, stepping-stone model where gene exchange occurred primarily, but not exclusively, between adjacent populations. Genetic structure by migration timing was also evident, although divergences among populations that differed by migration timing only were fewer than those observed between geographic regions. Distinct run-timing ecotypes in the Klamath River basin thus appear to have evolved independently through a process of parallel evolution. Introgressive pressure from the hatchery stocks into natural populations was attenuated by distance from the hatchery, but comparison of historical population genetic structure to contemporary patterns would be needed to fully evaluate the extent to which hatchery stocks may have altered natural genetic structure. Received December 20, 2012; accepted May 14, 2013 C1 [Kinziger, Andrew P.; Hellmair, Michael; Hankin, David G.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Kinziger, AP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM andrew.kinziger@humboldt.edu FU Hoopa Valley Tribe; National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Funding for this project came from the Hoopa Valley Tribe and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. We thank A. Antonetti, S. Borok, P. Brucker, B. Chesney, D. Hillemeier, G. Kautsky, E. Logan, B. Matilton, N. Pennington, and A. Sprowles for providing tissue samples used in this study, and A. Abadia-Cardoso, V. Apkenas, D. Faulkner, E. Gilbert-Horvath, and H. Starks for assistance with laboratory data collection. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1357 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.806351 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800016 ER PT J AU Vizza, C Sanderson, BL Burrows, DG Coe, HJ AF Vizza, Carmella Sanderson, Beth L. Burrows, Douglas G. Coe, Holly J. TI The Effects of Ethanol Preservation on Fish Fin Stable Isotopes: Does Variation in C:N Ratio and Body Size Matter? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DELTA-N-15 SIGNATURES; DELTA-C-13; TISSUE; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; MUSCLE; FOOD; ASSUMPTIONS; EXTRACTION; STREAMS AB Although chemical preservation of stable isotope samples has been studied in a variety of species and tissue types, the effects of ethanol preservation on fish fin tissue have not been examined. Using caudal fin samples from juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss or steelhead (the anadromous form of Rainbow Trout), we investigated how storage time (2, 4, and 6 months), fin composition (C:N ratio), and fish body size (50-130mm FL) influence preservation-induced changes in C-13 and N-15. In both species, we found that treatment fins (frozen and later preserved in ethanol) exhibited higher C-13 than did paired reference fins (frozen). The changes in N-15, however, were smaller in magnitude and less consistent. Preservation-induced increases in fin C-13, but not N-15, were significantly correlated with the change in C:N ratio (treatment-reference) in both species. In addition, these increases in C-13 were more highly correlated with body size in O. mykiss than in Chinook Salmon. Storage time had a significant effect on the shift in treatment fin C-13 and a small, but insignificant, effect on N-15 in O. mykiss. However, storage time was not a significant factor for explaining the isotopic shifts observed in Chinook Salmon fin tissue. This is the first study to document variation in preservation-induced changes in C-13 within a species and to link this variation to C:N ratio. Future studies using species-specific and tissue-specific models to correct for preservation-induced shifts in stable isotope ratios should be aware that these models do not account for intraspecific variation in tissue composition. C1 [Vizza, Carmella; Sanderson, Beth L.; Burrows, Douglas G.; Coe, Holly J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Vizza, C (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci Ctr 292, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM cvizza@nd.edu OI Vizza, Carmella/0000-0002-9269-0357 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries FX We thank participants of the University of Washington Internship Program and the Watershed Program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center for providing field support as well as Vija Pelekis for assisting in the field and laboratory. William Reichert, Jennie Bolton, and other members of the Environmental Assessment Program were instrumental in analyzing the stable isotope samples. Mark Scheuerell and Jim Faulkner offered invaluable suggestions on the statistical analyses. Dave Herman and Rich Zabel also contributed insightful comments on the manuscript. This project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 5 BP 1469 EP 1476 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.816366 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VA UT WOS:000324613800026 ER PT J AU Staymates, M Bottiger, J Schepers, D Staymates, J AF Staymates, Matthew Bottiger, Jerold Schepers, Deborah Staymates, Jessica TI A Streamlined, High-Volume Particle Impactor for Trace Chemical Analysis SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-PRESSURE-DROP; COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; CASCADE IMPACTOR; VIRTUAL IMPACTOR; DESIGN; FLOW; SEPARATION; EXPLOSIVES; ULTRAFINE; AEROSOLS AB The design and characterization of a streamlined, high-volume particle impactor intended for use with trace chemical analysis is presented. The impactor has a single round jet and is designed to operate at a flow rate of 1000 L/min. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used as a tool to optimize the aerodynamic performance of the impactor by iteratively redesigning the geometry and curvature of the internal walls. By eliminating recirculation zones within the flowfield of the impactor and using flowfield streamlines as new walls, successive designs revealed a significant reduction in the pressure drop across the impactor. Particle trajectories were simulated in the impactor and the 50% cutpoint was determined to be 1.05m. The impaction surface itself is easily removed from the body of the impactor assembly, potentially facilitating rapid trace chemical analysis using a variety of chemical detection techniques. A prototype impactor was fabricated with a 3D rapid prototyping printer and characterized in terms of particle cut-off diameter using test aerosols generated by an Ink Jet Aerosol Generator (IJAG) and fluorescence intensity measurements. The experimental particle cut-off diameter was not able to be measured because the smallest aerosol particles that could be tested were 1.86m which were collected at 100% efficiency. Particulate contamination from the high-explosive compound C4 was also collected with the impactor to demonstrate operational utility for trace explosives detection. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Staymates, Matthew; Staymates, Jessica] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bottiger, Jerold; Schepers, Deborah] Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD USA. RP Staymates, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.staymates@nist.gov NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 9 BP 945 EP 954 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.804620 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 222IZ UT WOS:000324725700001 ER PT J AU Meyer, SA Fortier, TM Lecomte, S Diddams, SA AF Meyer, Stephanie A. Fortier, Tara M. Lecomte, Steve Diddams, Scott A. TI A frequency-stabilized Yb:KYW femtosecond laser frequency comb and its application to low-phase-noise microwave generation SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LASER; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; REPETITION RATE; NOBEL LECTURE; FIBER-LASER; GHZ; SIGNALS; CLOCKS; OSCILLATOR; LINEWIDTHS AB We present an optically stabilized Yb:KYW fs-laser frequency comb. We use an f-2f nonlinear interferometer to measure the carrier envelope offset frequency (f (0)) and the heterodyne beatnote between the comb and a stable CW laser at 1068 nm to detect fluctuations in the comb repetition rate (). Both of these degrees of freedom of the comb are then controlled using phase-locked loops. As a demonstration of the frequency-stabilized comb, we generate low-phase-noise 10 GHz microwaves through detection of the pulse train on a high bandwidth photodiode. The phase noise of the resulting 10 GHz microwaves was -99 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz and the corresponding Allen deviation was < 2.6 x 10(-15) at 1 s, measured by comparison to an independently stabilized Ti:sapphire frequency comb. This room-temperature, optically based source of microwaves has close-to-carrier phase noise comparable to the very best cryogenic microwave oscillators. C1 [Meyer, Stephanie A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meyer, Stephanie A.; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lecomte, Steve] Ctr Suisse Elect & Microtech SA, Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Meyer, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Bioengn, Denver Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM Stephanie.Meyer@ucdenver.edu; Scott.Diddams@nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA FX The authors would like to thank Till Rosenband, Jim Berquist, Chris Oates, Andrew Ludlow, Nathan Lemke, and Yanyi Jiang for providing the stable CW laser light for these microwave measurements. We would also like to thank Discovery Semiconductors for providing the photodiodes and Jennifer Taylor for characterizing them. This work was supported by NIST and DARPA and is a contribution of the US Government. It is not subject to copyright in the USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 112 IS 4 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5439-9 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 227GM UT WOS:000325099400017 ER PT J AU Thedinga, JF Johnson, SW Neff, AD Hoffman, CA Maselko, JM AF Thedinga, John F. Johnson, Scott W. Neff, A. Darcie Hoffman, Chris A. Maselko, Jacek M. TI Nearshore Fish Assemblages of the Northeastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Alaska; Chukchi Sea; nearshore; Arctic cod; capelin; beach seine; bottom trawl ID COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; BEAUFORT SEA; ARCTIC COD; COASTAL WATERS; BARENTS SEA; COMMUNITY; DEMERSAL; PREDATION AB The Arctic ecosystem is changing rapidly, yet information on nearshore fish assemblages for the northeastern Chukchi Sea is extremely limited. To address this information gap, we sampled nearshore fish assemblages with a beach seine and a small bottom trawl at six stations in the northeastern Chukchi Sea in August 2007, 2008, and 2009, and in September 2009. Catch and species composition differed by gear type and between sample periods, including the two in 2009. A total of 16 039 fish representing 18 species were captured in 24 beach seine hauls, and 3108 fish representing 24 species were captured in 48 trawl tows. Beach seine catch was dominated by capelin (83%), and trawl catch was dominated by Arctic cod (56%). Species that were good discriminators between gear types were capelin (seine) and slender eelblenny (trawl), and unidentified small sculpins were the most common taxa caught with both gear types. Capelin and Arctic cod captured by either gear type were mostly juveniles (judging by size). Variability among sampling periods in catch and species composition within gear types can likely be attributed to annual variations in environmental conditions, including differences in water temperature (range: 2 degrees-9 degrees C). The shallow nearshore environment of the northeastern Chukchi Sea provides important habitat for many fish species and is extremely vulnerable to disturbance. Loss of sea ice from global warming may open up formerly inaccessible areas to oil and gas exploration, vessel traffic, and commercial fishing. Thus, long-term monitoring of nearshore fish assemblages in the Alaskan Arctic is necessary for managers to make informed decisions in this fragile environment. C1 [Thedinga, John F.; Johnson, Scott W.; Neff, A. Darcie; Maselko, Jacek M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hoffman, Chris A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Thedinga, JF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jthedinga@gci.net FU NOAA's Essential Fish Habitat Program at the Auke Bay Laboratories of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We especially thank Craig George and the North Slope Borough for providing the invaluable field and logistical support that made this study possible. We also thank Andres Lopez, Estrella Campellone, Dugan Greenwell, John Eiler, Kim Fackler, Mark Carls, and Valerie Palmer for help in the field. We thank Adam Moles for reviewing this manuscript. This project was partially funded by NOAA's Essential Fish Habitat Program at the Auke Bay Laboratories of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 230AR UT WOS:000325309500002 ER PT J AU Lorenzetti, DM Dols, WS Persily, AK Sohn, MD AF Lorenzetti, David M. Dols, W. Stuart Persily, Andrew K. Sohn, Michael D. TI A stiff, variable time step transport solver for CONTAM SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Contaminant; Pollutant transport; Simulation; Buildings; CONTAM; CVODE AB We describe the implementation of a new transport solver for CONTAM, a whole-building airflow and contaminant transport model developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Based on CVODE, a general-purpose code for ordinary differential equations, the new solver features variable time steps, high-order integration methods, and automatic error control. These techniques can make CONTAM more accurate when simulating fast transport mechanisms such as high air change rates, sorption, and chemical reactions. We present the relevant theory, then describe the modeling decisions needed to integrate CVODE into CONTAM. Testing with two realistic building models shows that CVODE can run faster than the legacy solvers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorenzetti, David M.; Sohn, Michael D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dols, W. Stuart; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lorenzetti, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-2002, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmlorenzetti@lbl.gov; william.dols@nist.gov; andrew.persily@nist.gov; mdsohn@lbl.gov OI Lorenzetti, David/0000-0002-9971-1165 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren; [MIPRs N0017810MP00069]; [N0017810MP00160] FX LBNL's research was funded in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and performed under U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NIST was supported under MIPRs N0017810MP00069 and N0017810MP00160, both funded by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 67 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.05.008 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 222GN UT WOS:000324719300027 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Swetnam, TW AF Diaz, Henry F. Swetnam, Thomas W. TI THE WILDFIRES OF 1910 Climatology of an Extreme Early Twentieth-Century Event and Comparison with More Recent Extremes SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN ROCKIES; FIRE; REANALYSIS; 20TH-CENTURY; SOUTHWEST; ARIDITY; FORESTS; AREA AB During the summer of 1910 large wildfires occurred throughout the western United States, and especially in the northern Rocky Mountains. The Great Idaho Fires of 1910 alone burned about three million acres (similar to 1.2 Mha) an area that is approximately the size of Connecticut. Multiple fires ignited and coalesced, burning in forests of northern Idaho and western Montana including parts of the Bitterroot, Cabinet, Clearwater, Coeur d'Alene, Flathead, Kaniksu, Kootenai, Lewis and Clark, Lolo, and St. Joe National Forests. The firestorm burned for days in late August of 1910 and killed 87 people, including 78 firefighters. It is believed to be the largest, although not the deadliest, wildfire complex in recorded U.S. history. Here we show that highly anomalous weather preceded the conflagration in much of the West, including the occurrence of the warmest March on record for the contiguous United States (except March 2012). While the occurrence of very high winds greatly contributed to the fast spread of the wildfire, the preceding highly anomalous warm and dry condition since the spring of 1910 likely also contributed to the magnitude of this event. Improved understanding of extreme wildfire outbreaks and climatological conditions associated with them is increasingly important, as such events are increasing in frequency as global and regional warming continues. C1 [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184 FU U.S. interagency Joint Fire Sciences Program FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments. Partial support for TWS's time was provided by the U.S. interagency Joint Fire Sciences Program. We thank E. Bigio, M. Hall, E. Vasquez, and D. Falk at The University of Arizona for help in compiling the North American fire scar chronology network shown in Fig. 9. We also thank the dozens of data contributors to this North American fire scar network, which will be described and analyzed in detail in forthcoming multiauthored papers. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1361 EP 1370 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00150.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227SQ UT WOS:000325135100008 ER PT J AU Meisner, BN Hill, JD Mulvey, GJ AF Meisner, Bernard N. Hill, Jerry D. Mulvey, Gerald J. TI ETHICS FOR GOVERNMENT METEOROLOGISTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Meisner, Bernard N.] NWS Southern Reg, Sci & Training, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Mulvey, Gerald J.] Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Meisner, BN (reprint author), Southern Reg Headquarters, Natl Weather Serv, 819 Taylor St, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. EM bernard.meisner@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1420 EP 1423 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00018.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227SQ UT WOS:000325135100014 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Qing, T Li, XF AF Shen Xin-Yong Qing Tao Li Xiao-Fan TI Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency SO CHINESE PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE sea surface temperature; diurnal variations; clouds; precipitation efficiency ID TROPICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; STRATIFORM RAINFALL; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; RESOLVING MODEL; SQUALL LINE; ICE CLOUDS; WATER AB The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2 degrees C increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27 degrees C to 29 degrees C and from 29 degrees C to 31 degrees C, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1 degrees C and the 1 degrees C increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds. C1 [Shen Xin-Yong; Qing Tao] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li Xiao-Fan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM shenxy@nuist.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430103, 2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039, 41175065]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China [PAPD2 011] FX Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB430103 and 2011CB403405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41075039 and 41175065), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (Grant No. PAPD2 011). NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1674-1056 J9 CHINESE PHYS B JI Chin. Phys. B PD SEP PY 2013 VL 22 IS 9 AR 094213 DI 10.1088/1674-1056/22/9/094213 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 226AN UT WOS:000325006700049 ER PT J AU Liu, XW Yang, S Kumar, A Weaver, S Jiang, XW AF Liu, Xiangwen Yang, Song Kumar, Arun Weaver, Scott Jiang, Xingwen TI Diagnostics of subseasonal prediction biases of the Asian summer monsoon by the NCEP climate forecast system SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Subseasonal prediction biases; Short-lead predictions; Long-lead predictions; Western Pacific subtropical high; Asian summer monsoon ID INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; SEASONAL PREDICTION; COUPLED MODELS; ECMWF MODEL; OCEAN; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Biases of subseasonal prediction of the Asian summer monsoon are diagnosed using daily data from the hindcasts of 45-day integrations by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2. The retrospective forecasts often show apparent systematic biases, which are mostly represented by the underestimation of the whole Asian monsoon. Biases depend not only on lead time, but also on the stage of monsoon evolution. An abrupt turning point of bias development appears around late June and early July, when ensemble spread and bias growth of winds and precipitation show a significant change over the northwestern Pacific (NWP) and the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) region. The abrupt turning of bias development of winds, precipitation, and surface temperature is also captured by the first two modes of multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis. Several features appear associated with the abrupt change in bias development: the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) begins its first northward jump and the surface temperature over the Tibetan Plateau commences a transition from warm bias to cold bias, and a reversal of surface temperature biases occurs in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and the SASM region. The shift of WPSH position and the transition of surface thermal bias show close relationships with the formation of bias centers in winds and precipitation. The rapid growth in bias due to the strong internal atmospheric variability during short leads seems to mainly account for the weak WPSH and SASM in the model. However, at certain stages, particularly for longer-lead predictions, the biases of slowly varying components may also play an important role in bias development of winds and precipitation. C1 [Liu, Xiangwen] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song; Kumar, Arun; Weaver, Scott] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jiang, Xingwen] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Song.Yang@noaa.gov FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB951903]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40905046, 41105061]; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This study was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2010CB951903), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 40905046 and 41105061), and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 1453 EP 1474 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1553-3 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 226YO UT WOS:000325073700020 ER PT J AU Yoo, H Li, ZQ Hou, YT Lord, S Weng, FZ Barker, HW AF Yoo, Hyelim Li, Zhanqing Hou, Yu-Tai Lord, Steve Weng, Fuzhong Barker, Howard W. TI Diagnosis and testing of low-level cloud parameterizations for the NCEP/GFS model using satellite and ground-based measurements SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Marine stratocumulus cloud; NCEP global forecast system; Cloud parameterization scheme; Cloud overlap ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; ARM SGP SITE; WATER-VAPOR; ECMWF MODEL; PART I; SHORTWAVE RADIATION AB The objective of this study is to investigate the quality of clouds simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction global forecast system (GFS) model and to examine the causes for some systematic errors seen in the simulations through use of satellite and ground-based measurements. In general, clouds simulated by the GFS model had similar spatial patterns and seasonal trends as those retrieved from passive and active satellite sensors, but large systematic biases exist for certain cloud regimes especially underestimation of low-level marine stratocumulus clouds in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This led to the overestimation (underestimation) of outgoing longwave (shortwave) fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere. While temperature profiles from the GFS model were comparable to those obtained from different observational sources, the GFS model overestimated the relative humidity field in the upper and lower troposphere. The cloud condensed water mixing ratio, which is a key input variable in the current GFS cloud scheme, was largely underestimated due presumably to excessive removal of cloud condensate water through strong turbulent diffusion and/or an improper boundary layer scheme. To circumvent the problem associated with modeled cloud mixing ratios, we tested an alternative cloud parameterization scheme that requires inputs of atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic variables. Much closer agreements were reached in cloud amounts, especially for marine stratocumulus clouds. We also evaluate the impact of cloud overlap on cloud fraction by applying a linear combination of maximum and random overlap assumptions with a de-correlation length determined from satellite products. Significantly better improvements were found for high-level clouds than for low-level clouds, due to differences in the dominant cloud geometry between these two distinct cloud types. C1 [Yoo, Hyelim; Li, Zhanqing] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, Zhanqing] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Hou, Yu-Tai; Lord, Steve] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Barker, Howard W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM zli@atmos.umd.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X FU National Basic Research Program [2013CB955804]; NSF [AGS1118325]; NASA [NNX08AH71G]; DOE [DESC0007171]; NOAA GOES-R program FX We are grateful to Drs. Brad Ferrier and Shrinivas Moorthi of NOAA/NCEP for their helps with the GFS model. The authors have been supported by grants of the National Basic Research Program (2013CB955804), NSF(AGS1118325), NASA (NNX08AH71G) and DOE (DESC0007171), and NOAA GOES-R program. NR 84 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 1595 EP 1613 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1884-8 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 226YO UT WOS:000325073700027 ER PT J AU Jia, XL Yang, S Li, X Liu, YY Wang, H Liu, XW Weaver, S AF Jia, Xiaolong Yang, Song Li, Xun Liu, Yunyun Wang, Hui Liu, Xiangwen Weaver, Scott TI Prediction of global patterns of dominant quasi-biweekly oscillation by the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Quasi-biweekly oscillation; Prediction skill; Monsoons; ENSO ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SOUTH CHINA SEA; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EAST-ASIA; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; ONSET AB Daily output from the hindcasts by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) is analyzed to understand the skill of forecasting atmospheric variability on quasi-biweekly (QBW) time scale. Eight dominant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) modes identified by the extended empirical orthogonal function analysis are focused. In the CFSv2, QBW variability exhibits a significant weakening tendency with lead time for all seasons. For most QBWO modes, the variance drops to only 50 % of the initial value at lead time of 11-15 days. QBW variability has better prediction skill in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. Skillful forecast can reach about 10-15 days for most modes but those in the winter hemisphere have better forecast skills. Among the eight QBWO modes, the North Pacific mode and the South Pacific (SP) mode have the highest forecast skills while the Asia-Pacific mode and the Central American mode have the lowest skills. For the Asia-Pacific and Central American modes, the forecasted QBWO phase shows an obvious eastward shift with increase in lead time compared to observations, indicating a smaller propagating speed. However, the predicted feature for the SP mode is more realistic. Air-sea coupling on the QBW time scale is perhaps responsible for the different prediction skills for different QBWO modes. In addition, most QBWO modes have better forecasting skills in El Nio years than in La Nia years. Different dynamical mechanisms for various QBWO modes may be partially responsible for the differences in prediction skill among different QBWO modes. C1 [Jia, Xiaolong; Liu, Yunyun; Liu, Xiangwen] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Xun] China Meteorol Adm, Hainan Meteorol Serv, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hui; Weaver, Scott] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, 135 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.du.cn RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB955902]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40905035]; Zhongshan University "985 Project" Phase 3; Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2009BAC51B05] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB955902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40905035), Zhongshan University "985 Project" Phase 3 and the Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2009BAC51B05). NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 1635 EP 1650 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1877-7 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 226YO UT WOS:000325073700029 ER PT J AU Pegion, K Alexander, M AF Pegion, Kathy Alexander, Michael TI The seasonal footprinting mechanism in CFSv2: simulation and impact on ENSO prediction SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; OCEAN RECHARGE PARADIGM; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC; ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; OPTIMAL-GROWTH AB The seasonal footprinting mechanism (SFM) is thought to be a pre-cursor to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Fluctuations in the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) impact the ocean via surface heat fluxes during winter, leaving a sea-surface temperature (SST) "footprint" in the subtropics. This footprint persists through the spring, impacting the tropical Pacific atmosphere-ocean circulation throughout the following year. The simulation of the SFM in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2) is likely to have an impact on operational predictions of ENSO and potentially seasonal predictions in the United States associated with ENSO teleconnection patterns. The ability of the CFSv2 to simulate the SFM and the relationship between the SFM and ENSO prediction skill in the NCEP/CFSv2 are investigated. Results indicate that the CFSv2 is able to simulate the basic characteristics of the SFM and its relationship with ENSO, including extratropical sea level pressure anomalies associated with the NPO in the winter, corresponding wind and SST anomalies that impact the tropics, and the development of ENSO-related SST anomalies the following winter. Although the model is able to predict the correct sign of ENSO associated with the SFM in a composite sense, probabilistic predictions of ENSO following a positive or negative NPO event are generally less reliable than when the NPO is not active. C1 [Pegion, Kathy] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pegion, Kathy; Alexander, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pegion, K (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Kathy.Pegion@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 1671 EP 1683 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1887-5 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 226YO UT WOS:000325073700031 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JB Schindler, DE Ruff, CP Brooks, GT Bentley, KE Torgersen, CE AF Armstrong, Jonathan B. Schindler, Daniel E. Ruff, Casey P. Brooks, Gabriel T. Bentley, Kale E. Torgersen, Christian E. TI Diel horizontal migration in streams: Juvenile fish exploit spatial heterogeneity in thermal and trophic resources SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavioral thermoregulation; cyclic movement; digestive constraint; foraging; resource pulse; stomach capacity; subsidy; thermal heterogeneity; trade-off ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; VERTICAL MIGRATION; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; SPAWNING HABITAT; BULL TROUT; RIVER; TEMPERATURE; HOMOGENIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Vertical heterogeneity in the physical characteristics of lakes and oceans is ecologically salient and exploited by a wide range of taxa through diel vertical migration to enhance their growth and survival. Whether analogous behaviors exploit horizontal habitat heterogeneity in streams is largely unknown. We investigated fish movement behavior at daily timescales to explore how individuals integrated across spatial variation in food abundance and water temperature. Juvenile coho salmon made feeding forays into cold habitats with abundant food, and then moved long distances (350-1300 m) to warmer habitats that accelerated their metabolism and increased their assimilative capacity. This behavioral thermoregulation enabled fish to mitigate trade-offs between trophic and thermal resources by exploiting thermal heterogeneity. Fish that exploited thermal heterogeneity grew at substantially faster rates than did individuals that assumed other behaviors. Our results provide empirical support for the importance of thermal diversity in lotic systems, and emphasize the importance of considering interactions between animal behavior and habitat heterogeneity when managing and restoring ecosystems. C1 [Armstrong, Jonathan B.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Ruff, Casey P.; Bentley, Kale E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ruff, Casey P.] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Brooks, Gabriel T.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey,Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Armstrong, JB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jonny5armstrong@gmail.com FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences FX This work is a contribution of the University of Washington Alaska Salmon Program, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Alaska salmon processors, and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. We thank the many individuals who assisted with fieldwork, contributed equipment, or helped with data analysis. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. J. Armstrong conceived the project, executed research, analyzed data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; D. Schindler advised and contributed to all stages of the project; C. Ruff contributed to all stages of the project; G. Brooks developed RFID antenna arrays; K. Bentley contributed to statistical analyses; and C. Torgersen contributed methods for mapping thermal heterogeneity. All authors contributed to revisions of manuscript. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP 2066 EP 2075 DI 10.1890/12-1200.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 219TL UT WOS:000324532900019 PM 24279277 ER PT J AU Parnell, AC Phillips, DL Bearhop, S Semmens, BX Ward, EJ Moore, JW Jackson, AL Grey, J Kelly, DJ Inger, R AF Parnell, Andrew C. Phillips, Donald L. Bearhop, Stuart Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. Moore, Jonathan W. Jackson, Andrew L. Grey, Jonathan Kelly, David J. Inger, Richard TI Bayesian stable isotope mixing models SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE stable isotope analysis; mixing models; Bayesian hierarchical model; compositional data; time series ID MASS-BALANCE ANALYSIS; AIR-QUALITY DATA; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; COMPOSITIONAL DATA; UNCERTAINTY; TOO AB In this paper, we review recent advances in stable isotope mixing models (SIMMs) and place them into an overarching Bayesian statistical framework, which allows for several useful extensions. SIMMs are used to quantify the proportional contributions of various sources to a mixture. The most widely used application is quantifying the diet of organisms based on the food sources they have been observed to consume. At the centre of the multivariate statistical model we propose is a compositional mixture of the food sources corrected for various metabolic factors. The compositional component of our model is based on the isometric log-ratio transform. Through this transform, we can apply a range of time series and non-parametric smoothing relationships. We illustrate our models with three case studies based on real animal dietary behaviour. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Parnell, Andrew C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci Stat, Complex & Adapt Syst Lab, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Bearhop, Stuart] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter, Devon, England. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth2Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jackson, Andrew L.; Kelly, David J.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Grey, Jonathan] Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London, England. [Inger, Richard] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Parnell, AC (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Room 500,Lib Bldg, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM Andrew.Parnell@ucd.ie RI Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; Jackson, Andrew/D-3441-2009; Inger, Richard/D-3445-2009; OI Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Jackson, Andrew/0000-0001-7334-0434; Inger, Richard/0000-0003-1660-3706; Kelly, David/0000-0002-5880-4162; Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129; Grey, Jonathan/0000-0001-9069-2271 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The authors would like to thank John Connolly and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier draft. The information in this document has been funded in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 21 U2 153 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2013 VL 24 IS 6 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.1002/env.2221 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 225YM UT WOS:000325001200004 ER PT J AU Ranzani, L Kuester, D Vanhille, KJ Boryssenko, A Grossman, E Popovic, Z AF Ranzani, Leonardo Kuester, Daniel Vanhille, Kenneth J. Boryssenko, Anatoliy Grossman, Erich Popovic, Zoya TI G-Band Micro-Fabricated Frequency-Steered Arrays With 2 degrees/GHz Beam Steering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beam steering; G-band; millimeter-wave radar; planar antenna arrays ID WAVE-GUIDE; RADAR AB In this paper, we describe micro-fabricated frequency-scanned slot waveguide arrays operating between 130 and 180 GHz for planetary landing radar. The group delay dispersion of the feed line is increased by corrugating the bottom rectangular waveguide wall. Both 16-element and 32-element linear arrays are fed by micro-coaxial corporate feed networks to narrow the beam in the non-scanning direction. Two-dimensional (2-D) antenna arrays and feed networks are photo-lithographically fabricated using a sequential metal deposition process. The 16-by-21 array demonstrates a 6 degrees beamwidth and 2 degrees/GHz steering over a 40 degrees scan angle. C1 [Ranzani, Leonardo; Kuester, Daniel; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grossman, Erich] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Vanhille, Kenneth J.; Boryssenko, Anatoliy] Nuvotronics LLC, Radford, VA 24141 USA. RP Ranzani, L (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM leonardo.ranzani@colorado.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10CA77C] FX Manuscript received April 09, 2013; revised June 02, 2013; accepted June 17, 2013. Date of publication July 17, 2013; date of current version September 18, 2013. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under ContractNNX10CA77C. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 3 IS 5 BP 566 EP 573 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2271381 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 225HY UT WOS:000324954300010 ER PT J AU Kissel, R AF Kissel, Richard TI Avoiding Accidental Data Loss SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kissel, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.kissel@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 228ZD UT WOS:000325230700004 ER PT J AU Lim, S Cifelli, R Chandrasekar, V Matrosov, SY AF Lim, S. Cifelli, R. Chandrasekar, V. Matrosov, S. Y. TI Precipitation Classification and Quantification Using X-Band Dual-Polarization Weather Radar: Application in the Hydrometeorology Testbed SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Hydrometeorology; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing ID DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; IN-SITU VERIFICATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FUZZY-LOGIC; RAINFALL; REFLECTIVITY; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION AB This paper presents new methods for rainfall estimation from X-band dual-polarization radar observations along with advanced techniques for quality control, hydrometeor classification, and estimation of specific differential phase. Data collected from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) in orographic terrain of California are used to demonstrate the methodology. The quality control and hydrometeor classification are specifically developed for X-band applications, which use a fuzzy logic technique constructed from the magnitude of the copolar correlation coefficient and the texture of differential propagation phase. In addition, an improved specific differential phase retrieval and rainfall estimation method are also applied. The specific differential phase estimation is done for both the melting region and rain region, where it uses a conventional filtering method for the melting region and a self-consistency-based method that distributes the total differential phase consistent with the reflectivity factor for the rain region. Based on the specific differential phase, rainfall estimations were computed using data obtained from the NOAA polarimetric X-band radar for hydrometeorology (HYDROX) and evaluated using HMT rain gauge observations. The results show that the methodology works well at capturing the high-frequency rainfall variations for the events analyzed herein and can be useful for mountainous terrain applications. C1 [Lim, S.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lim, S.; Cifelli, R.; Matrosov, S. Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lim, S.] Korea Inst Construct Technol, Ilsan, South Korea. [Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Matrosov, S. Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lim, S (reprint author), Korea Inst Construct Technol, 283 Goyangdae Ro, Goyang Si 411712, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM slim@kict.re.kr FU Strategic Research Project (Development of flood warning and snowfall estimation platform using hydrological radars); Korea Institute of Construction Technology FX The HYDROX radar operations were supported by the Physical Sciences Division (PSD) at NOAA/ESRL. The authors would like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of the PSD staff in the collection and processing of the HMT data used in this study. The participation of Lim in this study is partially supported by a grant from a Strategic Research Project (Development of flood warning and snowfall estimation platform using hydrological radars) funded by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology. The participation of Chandrasekar in this study is supported by the CASA NSF ERC program. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2108 EP 2120 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00123.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 224MH UT WOS:000324890100011 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Han, Y van Delst, P Weng, FZ AF Chen, Yong Han, Yong van Delst, Paul Weng, Fuzhong TI Assessment of Shortwave Infrared Sea Surface Reflection and Nonlocal Thermodynamic Equilibrium Effects in the Community Radiative Transfer Model Using IASI Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Model evaluation; performance ID EMISSIVITY; SYSTEM AB The nadir-viewing satellite radiances at shortwave infrared channels from 3.5 to 4.6 m are not currently assimilated in operational numerical weather prediction data assimilation systems and are not adequately corrected for applications of temperature retrieval at daytime. For satellite observations over the ocean during the daytime, the radiance in the surface-sensitive shortwave infrared is strongly affected by the reflected solar radiance, which can contribute as much as 20.0 K to the measured brightness temperatures (BT). The nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) emission in the 4.3-m CO2 band can add a further 10 K to the measured BT. In this study, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is developed for the ocean surface and an NLTE radiance correction scheme is investigated for the hyperspectral sensors. Both effects are implemented in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). The biases of CRTM simulations to Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations and the standard deviations of the biases are greatly improved during daytime (about a 1.5-K bias for NLTE channels and a 0.3-K bias for surface-sensitive shortwave channels) and are very close to the values obtained during the night. These improved capabilities in CRTM allow for effective uses of satellite data at short infrared wavelengths in data assimilation systems and in atmospheric soundings throughout the day and night. C1 [Chen, Yong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [van Delst, Paul] IMSG Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [van Delst, Paul] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court,Stn 2878, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yong.chen@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program FX This research was supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program. The authors thank ECMWF for use of analysis model fields. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Fangfang Yu and David Groff for their internal review, and two anonymous reviewers for their very useful suggestions to improve our paper. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2152 EP 2160 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00267.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 224MH UT WOS:000324890100015 ER PT J AU Berthet, G Renard, JB Ghysels, M Durry, G Gaubicher, B Amarouche, N AF Berthet, Gwenael Renard, Jean-Baptiste Ghysels, Melanie Durry, Georges Gaubicher, Bertrand Amarouche, Nadir TI Balloon-borne observations of mid-latitude stratospheric water vapour: comparisons with HALOE and MLS satellite data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Stratospheric water vapour; In situ balloon-borne measurements; Satellite validation; Frost-point hygrometer ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; FROST-POINT HYGROMETER; LONG-DURATION BALLOONS; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; OZONE; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; TRENDS; CLOUDS; VARIABILITY AB We present here in situ measurements obtained between 1991 and 2011 in outer-vortex conditions by the ELHYSA balloon-borne frost-point hygrometer. The frost-point hygrometer profiles are used for comparisons with the satellite data from version 19 (v19) and version 3.3 (v3.3) of the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) respectively. Potential Vorticity mapping is applied to all data sets to remove contributions of transient tropical intrusions and polar vortex air masses and hence ensure consistent comparisons between the balloon and satellite observations. Our selected balloon in situ observations are too sparse to directly infer mid-latitude stratospheric time series for continuous comparisons with HALOE and MLS records or derive water vapour trends but can be used to validate the satellite data. A mean difference of -0.83 +/- 1.58 % (-0.04 +/- 0.07 ppmv) is obtained between HALOE v19 data and the balloon frost-point observations (with respect to HALOE) over the 30-80 hPa altitude range. The hygrometer-HALOE differences appear time-dependent as already presented in the literature. The mean difference reaches 2.80 +/- 0.96 % (0.13 +/- 0.04 ppmv) for MLS v3.3, with MLS systematically wetter than the balloon data reflecting a systematic bias between both datasets. We use our balloon data as reference to provide some information about the HALOE-MLS difference. From post-2000 ELHYSA-HALOE and ELHYSA-MLS comparisons, we find a HALOE-MLS difference matching the expected bias, with MLS v3.3 6.60 +/- 2.80 % (0.27 +/- 0.11 ppmv) wetter than HALOE v19. From the results obtained from our balloon-satellite data comparisons, we finally discuss the issue about merging the HALOE and MLS data sets to provide stratospheric water vapour trends. C1 [Berthet, Gwenael; Renard, Jean-Baptiste; Gaubicher, Bertrand] Univ Orleans, CNRS, UMR 7328, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace LPC2E, Orleans, France. [Ghysels, Melanie] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Durry, Georges] Univ Reims, CNRS, UMR 6089, GSMA, Reims, France. [Amarouche, Nadir] Inst Natl Sci Univers, Div Tech, Meudon, France. RP Berthet, G (reprint author), Univ Orleans, CNRS, UMR 7328, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace LPC2E, Orleans, France. EM gwenael.berthet@cnrs-orleans.fr FU CNES; European Space Agency (ESA) in the frame of ENVISAT satellite validation; LEFE-CHAT; European Commission for extensive international balloon campaigns; AEROWAVE (Aerosols, Water Vapour and Electricity); CNRS-INSU; LMD/Palaiseau FX The authors are very grateful to Joelle and Henri Ovarlez, now retired but definitively associated to this work, for the development of the ELHYSA hygrometer (or formerly LMD hygrometer in the literature), for their involvement in the numerous successful balloon/aircraft flights, for their strong support and nice advices in the frame of this study. The balloon flights were funded by CNES, by the European Space Agency (ESA) in the frame of ENVISAT satellite validation, by the French national research programs (now LEFE-CHAT and formerly PNCA) and by the European Commission for extensive international balloon campaigns. The authors would like in particular to thank the newly-created French CNES-INSU Balloon Committee (so-called CSTB) for funding of the AEROWAVE (Aerosols, Water Vapour and Electricity) project (2010 and 2011 campaigns). We wish to make special thanks to the CNES balloon launching and operational teams who launched successfully so many times the ELHYSA instrument over the past 20 years. ELHYSA data can be found on the ETHER database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr) supported by CNES and CNRS-INSU and managed by Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL). Thanks also go to Jeremy Surcin and Matthieu Jeannot (LPC2E) for precious support on the extraction of satellite data and on various computing issues. Alain Hauchecorne and Marc-Antoine Drouin are acknowledged for support on the MIMOSA model which is important part of this work. We thank Gerard Coeur-Joly and Daniel Sourgen from LMD/Palaiseau for their support on the laboratory calibration system of the frost-point hygrometer. The authors are also grateful to Peter Haynes for very useful discussions about stratospheric transport and water vapour issues in Cambridge, UK. Finally, our deep thoughts are with Cornelius Schiller who was one of the most active scientists in the world to consider the question of water vapour in particular through the SPARC Water Vapour Initiative. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 EI 1573-0662 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 197 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s10874-013-9264-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229FJ UT WOS:000325246900001 ER PT J AU Michailidou, EK Assael, MJ Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Michailidou, E. K. Assael, M. J. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of n-Hexane from the Triple Point to 600 K and up to 100 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena; n-hexane; transport properties; viscosity ID BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; INITIAL DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; PLUS ALKANE MIXTURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; KINEMATIC VISCOSITIES; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the viscosity of n-hexane. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. The correlations are valid from the triple point to 600 K, and at pressures up to 100 MPa. We estimate the expanded uncertainty at a 95% confidence level to be 2% for the liquid phase at temperatures from the triple point to 450 K and pressures to 100 MPa. For the liquid at 450-600 K at pressures to 100 MPa, the expanded uncertainty at the 95% confidence level is 6%, and is 0.3% for the low-density gas at pressures to 0.3 MPa. (C) 2013 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Michailidou, E. K.; Assael, M. J.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012; OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 FU International Association for Transport Properties (IATP); International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of the International Association for Transport Properties (IATP). The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Finally, the authors thank Mr. Konstantino Mylona for his help in translating Russian papers. NR 136 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2013 VL 42 IS 3 AR UNSP 033104 DI 10.1063/1.4818980 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231HT UT WOS:000325407800004 ER PT J AU Verevkin, SP Emel'yanenko, VN Diky, V Muzny, CD Chirico, RD Frenkel, M AF Verevkin, S. P. Emel'yanenko, V. N. Diky, V. Muzny, C. D. Chirico, R. D. Frenkel, M. TI New Group-Contribution Approach to Thermochemical Properties of Organic Compounds: Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-Containing Compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE enthalpy of formation; enthalpy of vaporization; group contribution; hydrocarbons; 1,4-interactions; 1,5-interactions; oxygen-containing compounds ID CARBON-HYDROGEN-OXYGEN; 2ND-ORDER GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; STANDARD ENTHALPIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; MOLAR ENTHALPIES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; SOLID-STATE AB A new group-contribution approach involving systematic corrections for 1,4-non-bonded carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen interactions has been proposed. Limits of the applicability of the method, associated with the highly branched structures, were established. Experimental data for enthalpies of formation in the liquid phase, enthalpies of vaporization, and enthalpies of formation in the gas phase for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkylbenzenes, alkanols, ethers, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and carbonates were collected and critically evaluated through dynamic data evaluation as implemented in the NIST ThermoData Engine. An automatic procedure for molecular structure "decomposition" was developed, and algorithms for the assessment of expanded uncertainties for the predicted property values were implemented. The combination of these software tools allows for ongoing improvements of the group-contribution parameter set as new experimental data become available. Fifty-two group-contribution parameters and their variances were evaluated for the proposed schema. Based on comparison of critically evaluated and predicted data for all classes of compounds studied, the performance of the new group formulation and associated parameters is superior to that originally suggested by Benson and the update by Cohen without an increase in the number of required parameters. (C) 2013 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Verevkin, S. P.; Emel'yanenko, V. N.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. [Diky, V.; Muzny, C. D.; Chirico, R. D.; Frenkel, M.] NIST, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, Dr Lorenz Weg 1, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. EM sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de NR 69 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2013 VL 42 IS 3 AR UNSP 033102 DI 10.1063/1.4815957 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 231HT UT WOS:000325407800002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, WF AF Mitchell, William F. TI A collection of 2D elliptic problems for testing adaptive grid refinement algorithms SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Adaptive grid refinement; Standard test problems; Benchmarking ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; STRATEGY; DESIGN AB Adaptive grid refinement is a critical component of the improvements that have recently been made in algorithms for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). The development of new algorithms and computer codes for the solution of PDEs usually involves the use of proof-of-concept test problems. 2D elliptic problems are often used as the first test bed for new algorithms and codes. This paper contains a set of twelve parametrized 2D elliptic test problems for adaptive grid refinement algorithms and codes. The problems exhibit a variety of types of singularities, near singularities, and other difficulties. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.mitchell@nist.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 220 BP 350 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2013.05.068 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 220CP UT WOS:000324558600036 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Nammack, M Cochrane, JF Hutchings, JA AF Waples, Robin S. Nammack, Maria Cochrane, Jean Fitts Hutchings, Jeffrey A. TI A Tale of Two Acts: Endangered Species Listing Practices in Canada and the United States SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endangered species; ESA; SARA; distinct population segments; designatable units ID EXTINCTION RISK; BIOLOGICAL-DIVERSITY; GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; ASSESSMENTS; INDICATORS; PROTOCOLS; SYSTEMS; FISHES AB Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA) and the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) have adopted different approaches to achieve overlapping goals. We compare the ESA and SARA, focusing on the roles of science and policy in determining which species warrant legal protection. Our analysis suggests that each act could benefit from mimicking the strengths of the other, and both could be strengthened by greater clarity and transparency of listing determinations. A particular strength of SARA is that all evaluations of species' status are conducted by a single national scientific body. The ESA does not involve a comparable national body but has more stringent legal deadlines for listing actions, and listing decisions cannot by law consider socioeconomic factors (as can occur under SARA). The conservation of biodiversity would be enhanced if both acts were complemented by additional programs focused on broader efforts that protect more species before individual intervention is needed. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Nammack, Maria] NOAA, Protected Resources Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cochrane, Jean Fitts] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Program, Arlington, VA USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, in Santa Barbara, California FX The manuscript benefited from discussions within the Red Flags and Extinction Risk Workgroup sponsored by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, in Santa Barbara, California. We thank Resit Akcakaya, Steve Chambers, John Fay, Mike Ford, Doug Keinath, Mike Schwartz, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier draft. The views and opinions presented here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their employers. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 58 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2013 VL 63 IS 9 BP 723 EP 734 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.9.8 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 223DW UT WOS:000324785300008 ER PT J AU Osterblom, H Merrie, A Metian, M Boonstra, WJ Blenckner, T Watson, JR Rykaczewski, RR Ota, Y Sarmiento, JL Christensen, V Schluter, M Birnbaum, S Gustafsson, BG Humborg, C Morth, CM Muller-Karulis, B Tomczak, MT Troell, M Folke, C AF Osterblom, Henrik Merrie, Andrew Metian, Marc Boonstra, Wiebren J. Blenckner, Thorsten Watson, James R. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Ota, Yoshitaka Sarmiento, Jorge L. Christensen, Villy Schluter, Maja Birnbaum, Simon Gustafsson, Bo G. Humborg, Christoph Morth, Carl-Magnus Muller-Karulis, Barbel Tomczak, Maciej T. Troell, Max Folke, Carl TI Modeling Social-Ecological Scenarios in Marine Systems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Baltic Sea; ecosystem approach; governance; human dimension; Nereus ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE; REGIME SHIFTS; SUSTAINABILITY; CHALLENGES; TRANSITION; RESOURCES; EMERGENCE; SERVICES; OCEAN AB Human activities have substantial impacts on marine ecosystems, including rapid regime shifts with large consequences for human well-being. We highlight the use of model-based scenarios as a scientific tool for adaptive stewardship in the face of such consequences. The natural sciences have a long history of developing scenarios but rarely with an in-depth understanding of factors influencing human actions. Social scientists have traditionally investigated human behavior, but scholars often argue that behavior is too complex to be repre-ented by broad generalizations useful for models and scenarios. We address this scientific divide with a framework for integrated marine social ecological scenarios, combining quantitative process-based models from the biogeochemical and ecological disciplines with qualitative studies on governance and social change. The aim is to develop policy-relevant scenarios based on an in-depth empirical understanding from both the natural and the social sciences, thereby contributing to adaptive stewardship of marine social-ecological systems. C1 [Osterblom, Henrik; Merrie, Andrew; Metian, Marc; Boonstra, Wiebren J.; Blenckner, Thorsten; Schluter, Maja; Birnbaum, Simon; Gustafsson, Bo G.; Humborg, Christoph; Morth, Carl-Magnus; Muller-Karulis, Barbel; Tomczak, Maciej T.; Troell, Max; Folke, Carl] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Birnbaum, Simon] Stockholm Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Gustafsson, Bo G.; Humborg, Christoph; Morth, Carl-Magnus; Muller-Karulis, Barbel; Tomczak, Maciej T.] Stockholm Univ, Balt Nest Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. [Troell, Max; Folke, Carl] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Inst Ecol Econ, Stockholm, Sweden. [Watson, James R.; Rykaczewski, Ryan R.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ota, Yoshitaka; Christensen, Villy] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Osterblom, H (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. EM henrik.osterblom@stockholmresilience.su.se RI Humborg, Christoph/C-4756-2015; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016; OI Humborg, Christoph/0000-0002-0649-5599; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X; Osterblom, Henrik/0000-0002-1913-5197; Troell, Max/0000-0002-7509-8140 FU Mistra (the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research); FORMAS (the Swedish Research Council); Nordic Centre for Research on Marine Ecosystems and Resources under Climate Change (NorMER) FX The Nippon Foundation-University of British Columbia Nereus program is a collaborative initiative by the Nippon Foundation, the Stockholm Resilience Centre, and five additional partners. The present article is a product of Nereus' international and interdisciplinary effort toward global sustainable fisheries; this is Nereus contribution no. 1. This research was also supported by Mistra (the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research), through a core grant to the Stockholm Resilience Centre at Stockholm University, and through the Regime Shifts in the Baltic Sea Ecosystem project and the Baltic Ecosystem Adaptive Management Program, funded by FORMAS (the Swedish Research Council) and the Nordic Centre for Research on Marine Ecosystems and Resources under Climate Change (NorMER). Constructive comments that were provided by Reinette "Oonsie" Biggs on an earlier draft were much appreciated. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2013 VL 63 IS 9 BP 735 EP 744 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.9.9 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 223DW UT WOS:000324785300009 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL Landerer, FW Kirillov, SA AF Volkov, Denis L. Landerer, Felix W. Kirillov, Sergey A. TI The genesis of sea level variability in the Barents Sea SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Barents Sea; Sea level variability; Satellite altimetry; GRACE; ECCO2; Arctic seas ID OCEAN; GRACE; MODEL AB The regional variability of sea level is an integral indicator of changing oceanographic conditions due to different processes of oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial origin. The present study explores the nature of sea level variability in the Barents Sea a marginal shelf sea of the Arctic Ocean. A characteristic feature that distinguishes this sea from other Arctic shelf seas is that it is largely ice free throughout the year. This allows continuous monitoring of sea level by space-borne altimeters. In this work we combine satellite altimetry, ocean gravity measurements by GRACE satellites, available hydrography data, and a high-resolution ocean data synthesis product to estimate the steric and mass-related components of sea level in the Barents Sea. We present one of the first observational evidence of the local importance of the mass-related sea level changes. The observed 1-3 month phase lag between the annual cycles of sea level in the Barents Sea and in the Nordic seas (Norwegian, Iceland, Greenland seas) is explained by the annual mass-related changes. The analysis of the barotropic vorticity budget shows that the mass-related sea level variability in the central part of the Barents Sea is determined by the combined effect of wind stress, flow over the varying bottom topography, and dissipation, while the impact of vorticity fluxes is negligible. Overall, the steric sea level has smaller amplitudes and mainly varies on the seasonal time scale. The thermosteric sea level is the main contributor to the steric sea level along the pathways of the Atlantic inflow into the Barents Sea. The relative contribution of the halosteric sea level is dominant in the southeastern, eastern, and northern parts of the Barents Sea, modulated by the seasonal sea ice formation/melt as well as by continental runoff. The variability of the thermosteric sea level in the Barents Sea is mostly driven by variations in the net surface heat flux, whereas the contribution of heat advection becomes as important as the ocean-atmosphere heat exchange at interannual time scales. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Landerer, Felix W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kirillov, Sergey A.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. [Kirillov, Sergey A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Oceanol, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Denis.Volkov@noaa.gov RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011; OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502; Landerer, Felix/0000-0003-2678-095X FU CNES; NASA MEASURES Program; NASA Physical Oceanography program; Russian Federal Targeted program FX The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). GRACE ocean data were processed by Don R Chambers, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. The ECCO2 model runs have been carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov). DV and FL were supported by the NASA Physical Oceanography program. SK was supported by the Russian Federal Targeted program. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 66 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.07.007 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 222IL UT WOS:000324724300010 ER PT J AU Blanco, GS Morreale, SJ Seminoff, JA Paladino, FV Piedra, R Spotila, JR AF Blanco, Gabriela S. Morreale, Stephen J. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Paladino, Frank V. Piedra, Rotney Spotila, James R. TI Movements and diving behavior of internesting green turtles along Pacific Costa Rica SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Costa Rica; East Pacific green turtle; internesting period; satellite telemetry ID MARINO-LAS-BAULAS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; ASCENSION ISLAND; SATELLITE TRACKING; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; DIVE PROFILES AB Using satellite transmitters, we determined the internesting movements, spatial ecology and diving behavior of East Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting on Nombre de Jesus and Zapotillal beaches along the Pacific coast of northwestern Costa Rica. Kernel density analysis indicated that turtles spent most of their time in a particularly small area in the vicinity of the nesting beaches (50% utilization distribution was an area of 3 km(2)). Minimum daily distance traveled during a 12 day internesting period was 4.6 +/- 3.5 km. Dives were short and primarily occupied the upper 10 m of the water column. Turtles spent most of their time resting at the surface and conducting U-dives (ranging from 60 to 81% of the total tracking time involved in those activities). Turtles showed a strong diel pattern, U-dives mainly took place during the day and turtles spent a large amount of time resting at the surface at night. The lack of long-distance movements demonstrated that this area was heavily utilized by turtles during the nesting season and, therefore, was a crucial location for conservation of this highly endangered green turtle population. The unique behavior of these turtles in resting at the surface at night might make them particularly vulnerable to fishing activities near the nesting beaches. C1 [Blanco, Gabriela S.; Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Morreale, Stephen J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. RP Spotila, JR (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM spotiljr@drexel.edu FU L. D. Betz Chair of Environmental Science endowment of Drexel University; Leatherback Trust FX We thank principal investigators and field assistants who worked on the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli, 1761) project at Las Baulas, particularly P. Santidrian Tomillo, T. Backoff and S. Friederichs and principal investigators and field assistants who worked on the black turtle project, especially E. Velez, E. Molina Matamoros and W. Villachica Matamoros. We are grateful to park rangers of Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, PNMB, Ministerio de Ambiente, Energia y Telecomunicaciones (MINAET) and Earthwatch volunteers. This project was funded by the L. D. Betz Chair of Environmental Science endowment of Drexel University and the Leatherback Trust. We are especially grateful to the Goldring Gund Marine Biology Station for providing accommodation and research facilities. This project was conducted under MINAET permits (ACT-PNMB-005-2007; ACT-SASP-PI-195; ACT-OR-D-050), approved by the Animal Care Committee of Drexel University and conforms to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in Edinburgh 2000). NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1749-4877 EI 1749-4869 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00298.x PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 216QY UT WOS:000324300200007 PM 24020468 ER PT J AU Hardwick, M Zhao, YF Proctor, FM Nassehi, A Xu, X Venkatesh, S Odendahl, D Xu, L Hedlind, M Lundgren, M Maggiano, L Loffredo, D Fritz, J Olsson, B Garrido, J Brail, A AF Hardwick, M. Zhao, Y. F. Proctor, F. M. Nassehi, A. Xu, Xun Venkatesh, Sid Odendahl, David Xu, Leon Hedlind, Mikael Lundgren, Magnus Maggiano, Larry Loffredo, David Fritz, Jochim Olsson, Bengt Garrido, Julio Brail, Alain TI A roadmap for STEP-NC-enabled interoperable manufacturing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISO 10303; ISO 14649; STEP; STEP-NC; Data model; Manufacturing processes; Product data ID INTEGRATION; CNC AB The STEP-NC-AP 238 and ISO 14649 standard is the result of a 10-year international effort to replace the RS274D (ISO 6983) G and M code standard with a modern associative language that connects the CAD design data used to determine the machining requirements for an operation with the CAM process data that is used in creating a machining solution to satisfy these requirements. STEP-NC builds on the previous 10 years effort to develop the STEP neutral data standard for CAD data, and uses the modern geometric constructs in that standard to specify device independent tool paths, and CAM independent volume removal features. STEP-Manufacturing, Team 24 in Working Group 3 (WG3) of ISO TC184/SC4, is developing and validating the STEP-NC standard in liaison with Working Group (WG7) of ISO TC184/SC1 who provides the domain-specific input (ISO 14649) used within the standard. This paper reviews the demonstrations carried out by STEP-Manufacturing over the past 10 years. These demonstrations have been international collaborations between industry, academia, and research agencies. Each demonstration focused on extending the STEP-NC data model for a different application. C1 [Hardwick, M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Comp Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Zhao, Y. F.] McGill Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Proctor, F. M.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nassehi, A.] Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Xu, Xun] Univ Auckland, Dept Mech Engn, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Venkatesh, Sid; Odendahl, David; Xu, Leon] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA USA. [Hedlind, Mikael; Lundgren, Magnus] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Ind Engn & Management, Stockholm, Sweden. [Maggiano, Larry] Mitutoyo Amer Corp, Aurora, IL USA. [Loffredo, David; Fritz, Jochim] STEP Tools Inc, Troy, NY USA. [Olsson, Bengt] Sandvik Coromant, Sandviken, Sweden. [Garrido, Julio] Univ Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain. [Brail, Alain] Airbus, Madrid, France. RP Zhao, YF (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM yaoyao.zhao@mcgill.ca RI Nassehi, Aydin/C-6810-2008; Xu, Xun/K-7899-2015; OI Nassehi, Aydin/0000-0003-3417-3391; Xu, Xun/0000-0001-6294-8153; Hedlind, Mikael/0000-0002-8243-9505 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 68 IS 5-8 BP 1023 EP 1037 DI 10.1007/s00170-013-4894-0 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 216IU UT WOS:000324276600006 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Ream, RR Towell, RG Williams, MT Guerrero, JDL AF Johnson, Devin S. Ream, Rolf R. Towell, Rod G. Williams, Michael T. Guerrero, Juan D. Leon TI Bayesian Clustering of Animal Abundance Trends for Inference and Dimension Reduction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Distance-dependent Chinese restaurant process; Gaussian Markov random fields; Ecological trends; Northern fur seal; Model-based clustering; Dirichlet process prior; Spatio-temporal model ID NORTHERN FUR-SEAL; DIRICHLET PROCESS MIXTURE; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MODELS AB We consider a model-based clustering approach to examining abundance trends in a metapopulation. When examining trends for an animal population with management goals in mind one is often interested in those segments of the population that behave similarly to one another with respect to abundance. Our proposed trend analysis incorporates a clustering method that is an extension of the classic Chinese Restaurant Process, and the associated Dirichlet process prior, which allows for inclusion of distance covariates between sites. This approach has two main benefits: (1) nonparametric spatial association of trends and (2) reduced dimension of the spatio-temporal trend process. We present a transdimensional Gibbs sampler for making Bayesian inference that is efficient in the sense that all of the full conditionals can be directly sampled from save one. To demonstrate the proposed method we examine long term trends in northern fur seal pup production at 19 rookeries in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. There was strong evidence that clustering of similar year-to-year deviation from linear trends was associated with whether rookeries were located on the same island. Clustering of local linear trends did not seem to be strongly associated with any of the distance covariates. In the fur seal trends analysis an overwhelming proportion of the MCMC iterations produced a 73-79 % reduction in the dimension of the spatio-temporal trend process, depending on the number of cluster groups. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Ream, Rolf R.; Towell, Rod G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Williams, Michael T.; Guerrero, Juan D. Leon] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 18 IS 3 BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s13253-013-0143-0 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 223VK UT WOS:000324839400003 ER PT J AU Sun, DL Yu, YY Fang, L Liu, YL AF Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Fang, Li Liu, Yuling TI Toward an Operational Land Surface Temperature Algorithm for GOES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Data mining; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIVITY PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE; MODIS; COVER; SPACE; RADIOMETER; RETRIEVAL AB For most land surface temperature (LST) regression algorithms, a set of optimized coefficients is determined by manual separation of the different subdivisions of atmospheric and surface conditions. In this study, a machine-learning technique, the regression tree (RT) technique, is introduced with the aim of automatically finding these subranges and the thresholds for the stratification of regression coefficients. The use of RT techniques in LST retrieval has the potential to contribute to the determination of optimal regression relationships under different conditions. Because of the lack of split-window channels for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) M-Q series (GOES-12-GOES-15, plus GOES-Q), a dual-window LST algorithm was developed by combining the infrared 11-mu m channel with the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) 3.9-mu m channel, which presents lower atmospheric absorption than does the infrared split-window channels (11 and 12 mu m). The RT technique was introduced to derive the regression models under different conditions. The algorithms were used to derive the LST product from GOES observations and were evaluated against the 2004 Surface Radiation budget network. The results indicate that the RT technique outperforms the traditional regression method. C1 [Sun, Donglian; Fang, Li] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Liu, Yuling] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, MS 6C3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dsun@gmu.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NOAA GIMPAP; PSDI Program [NA11NES4400012, NA12NES4400010] FX This project was supported by the NOAA GIMPAP and PSDI Program under Grants NA11NES4400012 and NA12NES4400010. Special thanks are given to Dr. Simon Hook for providing the ASTER spectral data. We are grateful to the reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1974 EP 1986 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0132.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YP UT WOS:000324399700002 ER PT J AU Cintineo, JL Pavolonis, MJ Sieglaff, JM Heidinger, AK AF Cintineo, John L. Pavolonis, Michael J. Sieglaff, Justin M. Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Evolution of Severe and Nonsevere Convection Inferred from GOES-Derived Cloud Properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Convective storms; Cumulus clouds; Cloud tracking; cloud motion winds; Radars; Radar observations; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; STORM INITIATION; WSR-88D; TRACKING; RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; CLIMATOLOGY; INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE AB Geostationary satellites [e.g., the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)] provide high temporal resolution of cloud development and motion, which is essential to the study of many mesoscale phenomena, including thunderstorms. Initial research on thunderstorm growth with geostationary imagery focused on the mature stages of storm evolution, whereas more recent research on satellite-observed storm growth has concentrated on convective initiation, often defined arbitrarily as the presence of a given radar echo threshold. This paper seeks to link the temporal trends in robust GOES-derived cloud properties with the future occurrence of severe-weather radar signatures during the development phase of thunderstorm evolution, which includes convective initiation. Two classes of storms (severe and nonsevere) are identified and tracked over time in satellite imagery, providing distributions of satellite growth rates for each class. The relationship between the temporal trends in satellite-derived cloud properties and Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD)-derived storm attributes is used to show that this satellite-based approach can potentially be used to extend severe-weather-warning lead times (with respect to radar-derived signatures), without a substantial increase in false alarms. In addition, the effect of varying temporal sampling is investigated on several storms during a period of GOES super-rapid-scan operations (SRSOR). It is found that, from a satellite perspective, storms evolve significantly on time scales shorter than the current GOES operational scan strategies. C1 [Cintineo, John L.; Sieglaff, Justin M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Pavolonis, Michael J.; Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Team, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Cintineo, JL (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jlc248@gmail.com RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA/GIMPAP FX The authors acknowledge NOAA/GIMPAP for support of this research, as well as Valliappa Lakshmanan and Travis Smith at the University of Oklahoma/NOAA NSSL for providing radar data. Three anonymous reviewers also helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 52 IS 9 BP 2009 EP 2023 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0330.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YP UT WOS:000324399700005 ER PT J AU Vernier, JP Fairlie, TD Murray, JJ Tupper, A Trepte, C Winker, D Pelon, J Garnier, A Jumelet, J Pavolonis, M Omar, AH Powell, KA AF Vernier, J. -P. Fairlie, T. D. Murray, J. J. Tupper, A. Trepte, C. Winker, D. Pelon, J. Garnier, A. Jumelet, J. Pavolonis, M. Omar, A. H. Powell, K. A. TI An Advanced System to Monitor the 3D Structure of Diffuse Volcanic Ash Clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; Satellite observations; Transportation meteorology ID DISPERSION MODEL; RETRIEVAL; AEROSOLS; LIDAR; IASI AB Major disruptions of the aviation system from recent volcanic eruptions have intensified discussions about and increased the international consensus toward improving volcanic ash warnings. Central to making progress is to better discern low volcanic ash loadings and to describe the ash cloud structure more accurately in three-dimensional space and time. Here, dispersed volcanic ash observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) space-based lidar near 20 000-40 000 ft [~(6-13) km] over Australia and New Zealand during June 2011 is studied. This ash event took place 3 weeks after the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle eruption, which disrupted air traffic in much of the Southern Hemisphere. The volcanic ash layers are shown to exhibit color ratios (1064/532 nm) near 0.5, significantly lower than unity, as is observed with ice. Those optical properties are used to develop an ash detection algorithm. A "trajectory mapping" technique is then demonstrated wherein ash cloud observations are ingested into a Lagrangian model and used to construct ash dispersion maps and cross sections. Comparisons of the model results with independent observations suggest that the model successfully reproduces the 3D structure of volcanic ash clouds. This technique has a potential operational application in providing important additional information to worldwide volcanic ash advisory centers. C1 [Vernier, J. -P.; Garnier, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Vernier, J. -P.; Fairlie, T. D.; Murray, J. J.; Trepte, C.; Winker, D.; Garnier, A.; Omar, A. H.; Powell, K. A.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Tupper, A.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Northern Terr Reg Off, Casuarina, NT, Australia. [Pelon, J.; Jumelet, J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Univ Versailles St Quentin, Lab Atmospheres,INSU, Paris, France. [Pavolonis, M.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Vernier, JP (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, 11 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM jeanpaul.vernier@nasa.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 52 IS 9 BP 2125 EP 2138 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0279.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YP UT WOS:000324399700013 ER PT J AU Zachry, BC Schroeder, JL Kennedy, AB Westerink, JJ Letchford, CW Hope, ME AF Zachry, Brian C. Schroeder, John L. Kennedy, Andrew B. Westerink, Joannes J. Letchford, Chris W. Hope, Mark E. TI A Case Study of Nearshore Drag Coefficient Behavior during Hurricane Ike (2008) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Storm surges; Tropical cyclones; Air-sea interaction ID SURFACE WIND FIELDS; STORM-SURGE; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; ROUGHNESS; WAVES; PREDICTION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM AB Over the past decade, numerous field campaigns and laboratory experiments have examined air-sea momentum exchange in the deep ocean. These studies have changed the understanding of drag coefficient behavior in hurricane force winds, with a general consensus that a limiting value is reached. Near the shore, wave conditions are markedly different than in deep water because of wave shoaling and breaking processes, but only very limited data exist to assess drag coefficient behavior. Yet, knowledge of the wind stress in this region is critical for storm surge forecasting, evaluating the low-level wind field across the coastal transition zone, and informing the wind load standard along the hurricane-prone coastline. During Hurricane Ike (2008), a Texas Tech University StickNet platform obtained wind measurements in marine exposure with a fetch across the Houston ship channel. These data were used to estimate drag coefficient dependence on wind speed. Wave conditions in the ship channel and surge level at the StickNet location were simulated using the Simulating Waves Nearshore Model coupled to the Advanced Circulation Model. The simulated waves were indicative of a fetch-limited condition with maximum significant wave heights reaching 1.5 m and peak periods of 4 s. A maximum surge depth of 0.6 m inundated the StickNet. Similar to deep water studies, findings indicate that the drag coefficient reaches a limiting value at wind speeds near hurricane force. However, at wind speeds below hurricane force, the drag coefficient is higher than that of deep water datasets, particularly at the slowest wind speeds. C1 [Zachry, Brian C.; Schroeder, John L.] Texas Tech Univ, Wind Sci & Engn Res Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kennedy, Andrew B.; Westerink, Joannes J.; Hope, Mark E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Earth Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Letchford, Chris W.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Troy, NY USA. RP Zachry, BC (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM brian.zachry@noaa.gov RI Kennedy, Andrew/E-4746-2011 OI Kennedy, Andrew/0000-0002-7254-1346 FU National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Training (IGERT) program [0221688]; Texas Tech University FX Funding support for the lead author was provided by the National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Research and Training (IGERT) program under Grant 0221688 and by Texas Tech University. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 52 IS 9 BP 2139 EP 2146 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0321.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YP UT WOS:000324399700014 ER PT J AU Brown, CW Hood, RR Long, W Jacobs, J Ramers, DL Wazniak, C Wiggert, JD Wood, R Xu, J AF Brown, C. W. Hood, R. R. Long, W. Jacobs, J. Ramers, D. L. Wazniak, C. Wiggert, J. D. Wood, R. Xu, J. TI Ecological forecasting in Chesapeake Bay: Using a mechanistic-empirical modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ecological forecasting; Ocean prediction; ROMS; Algal blooms; Pathogenic bacteria; USA; Maryland/Virginia/Delaware; Chesapeake Bay ID PATHOGENIC VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; PARTIALLY MIXED ESTUARY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; UNITED-STATES; GAP ANALYSIS AB The Chesapeake Bay Ecological Prediction System (CBEPS) automatically generates daily nowcasts and three-day forecasts of several environmental variables, such as sea-surface temperature and salinity, the concentrations of chlorophyll, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen, and the likelihood of encountering several noxious species, including harmful algal blooms and water-borne pathogens, for the purpose of monitoring the Bay's ecosystem. While the physical and biogeochemical variables are forecast mechanistically using the Regional Ocean Modeling System configured for the Chesapeake Bay, the species predictions are generated using a novel mechanistic-empirical approach, whereby real-time output from the coupled physical-biogeochemical model drives multivariate empirical habitat models of the target species. The predictions, in the form of digital images, are available via the World Wide Web to interested groups to guide recreational, management, and research activities. Though full validation of the integrated forecasts for all species is still a work in progress, we argue that the mechanistic-empirical approach can be used to generate a wide variety of short-term ecological forecasts, and that it can be applied in any marine system where sufficient data exist to develop empirical habitat models. This paper provides an overview of this system, its predictions, and the approach taken. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, C. W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Hood, R. R.; Long, W.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Jacobs, J.; Wood, R.] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. [Ramers, D. L.] Univ Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722 USA. [Wazniak, C.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD USA. [Wiggert, J. D.] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Xu, J.] NOAA, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), CICS, ESSIC, Suite 4001,M Sq Off Bldg,5825 Univ Res Court,Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM christopher.w.brown@noaa.gov RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research's Monitoring for Event Response for Harmful Algal Bloom (MERHAB) [NA05NOS4781222, NA05NOS4781226, NA05NOS4781227, NA05NOS4781229]; NOAA EcoForecasting Program; NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research; Maryland Sea Grant FX The authors thank Lyon Lanerolle, Bruce Michaels, Mike Naylor, Ragu Murtugudde, M. Bala Krishna Prasad, and Peter Tango for their assistance in the development of CBEPS. We also thank the anonymous reviewer for comments that improved an earlier version of this manuscirpt. Funding for the development of this system was primarily provided by the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research's Monitoring for Event Response for Harmful Algal Bloom (MERHAB) program (NA05NOS4781222, NA05NOS4781226, NA05NOS4781227, and NA05NOS4781229). Additional support was provided by the NOAA EcoForecasting Program, the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research, and Maryland Sea Grant. This is MERHAB publication 160 and UMCES contribution no. 4710. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 15 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 125 SI SI BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.12.007 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 221NX UT WOS:000324666700011 ER PT J AU Lyons, K Carlisle, A Preti, A Mull, C Blasius, M O'Sullivan, J Winkler, C Lowe, CG AF Lyons, Kady Carlisle, Aaron Preti, Antonella Mull, Christopher Blasius, Mary O'Sullivan, John Winkler, Chuck Lowe, Christopher G. TI Effects of trophic ecology and habitat use on maternal transfer of contaminants in four species of young of the year lamniform sharks SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maternal offloading; Elasmobranch; Trophic ecology; Bioaccumulation; Organochlorine; Metals ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PACIFIC KILLER WHALES; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; WHITE SHARKS; EASTERN PACIFIC; MARINE MAMMALS; LAMNA-DITROPIS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL AB Organic contaminant and total mercury concentrations were compared in four species of lamniform sharks over several age classes to examine bioaccumulation patterns and gain insights into trophic ecology. Contaminants found in young of the year (YOY) sharks were assumed to be derived from maternal sources and used as a proxy to investigate factors that influence maternal offloading processes. YOY white (Carcharodon carcharias) and mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) sharks had comparable and significantly higher concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, pesticides, and mercury than YOY thresher (Alopias vulpinus) or salmon (Lamna ditropis) sharks. A significant positive relationship was found between YOY contaminant loads and maternal trophic position, suggesting that trophic ecology is one factor that plays an important role in maternal offloading. Differences in organic contaminant signatures and contaminant concentration magnitudes among species corroborated what is known about species habitat use and may be used to provide insights into the feeding ecology of these animals. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lyons, Kady; Blasius, Mary; Lowe, Christopher G.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Carlisle, Aaron] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Preti, Antonella] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Mull, Christopher] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [O'Sullivan, John] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA USA. [Winkler, Chuck] Southern Calif Marine Inst, Terminal Isl, CA USA. RP Lyons, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM kady.lyons@sbcglobal.net FU Monterey Bay Aquarium; USC SeaGrant/Ocean Protection Council FX The authors thank S. Kohin, J. Wraith, NOAA-NMFS Highly Migratory Species Laboratory at SWFSC, NMFS Southwest Region Fishery Observer Program and the participating drift gillnet fishermen, K. Dickson, K. Newton, S. Suk, and members of the CSULB rapid response team for assistance in the collection of tissue samples as well as IIRMES and PHYSIS staff (A. Hamilton, C. Waggoner, V. Lorenzi, J. Reyes, R. Gossett, P. Hershelman, and L Vaki) for their laboratory assistance. The authors thank Monterey Bay Aquarium and USC SeaGrant/Ocean Protection Council for funding this research. NR 84 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 10 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 90 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.05.009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 220TQ UT WOS:000324610200004 PM 23773783 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Kane, J Hare, JA Lough, RG Fratantoni, PS Fogarty, MJ Nye, JA AF Friedland, Kevin D. Kane, Joe Hare, Jonathan A. Lough, R. Gregory Fratantoni, Paula S. Fogarty, Michael J. Nye, Janet A. TI Thermal habitat constraints on zooplankton species associated with Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the US Northeast Continental Shelf SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GEORGES-BANK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COPEPOD POPULATIONS; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; UNITED-STATES; WESTERN GULF; LARVAL LIFE AB The US Northeast Continental Shelf is experiencing a period of increasing temperature levels and range, which impacts the quantity of thermal habitats within the ecosystem. With increasing temperatures, the amount of warmer, surface water thermal habitats (16-27 degrees C) has increased while there has been a reciprocal decline in cooler water habitats (5-15 degrees C). These cooler water habitats are the most abundant and comprise the core habitats of the ecosystem. The coldest thermal habitats (1-4 degrees C), however, have increased slightly in amount or have remained constant, reflecting a discontinuity in the progression of warming along a latitudinal gradient. This discontinuity may be the result of recent changes in the circulation of water masses in the northern Gulf of Maine, potentially associated with the Labrador Current. The contraction of core thermal habitats appears to have had biological consequences on multiple trophic levels. In particular, two zooplankton species associated with the larval feeding of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, have declined in abundance in the same areas where cod populations have exhibited continually poor recruitment. The zooplankton species group Pseudocalanus spp., which is associated with winter-spawning cod, has declined on Georges Bank and in the Eastern Gulf of Maine. The zooplankton Centro-pages typicus has declined in the Gulf of Maine during late summer into fall, potentially affecting spring-spawning cod in that area. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that portions of the population complex of cod have lower reproductive output due to changes in zooplankton abundance, which we associate with the distribution of temperatures within the ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.; Kane, Joe; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lough, R. Gregory; Fratantoni, Paula S.; Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Nye, Janet A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 77 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 116 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.05.011 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 218TO UT WOS:000324455600001 ER PT J AU Davison, PC Checkley, DM Koslow, JA Barlow, J AF Davison, P. C. Checkley, D. M., Jr. Koslow, J. A. Barlow, J. TI Carbon export mediated by mesopelagic fishes in the northeast Pacific Ocean SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID DIEL-MIGRANT MESOZOOPLANKTON; SOUND-SCATTERING LAYER; CANARY ISLAND WATERS; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MIDWATER FISHES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT AB The role of fishes in the global carbon cycle is poorly known and often neglected. We show that the biomass of mesopelagic fishes off the continental USA west to longitude 141 degrees W is positively related to annual net primary productivity, and averages 17 g m(-2). We estimate the export of carbon out of the epipelagic ocean mediated by mesopelagic fishes ("fish-mediated export"; FME) with individual-based metabolic modeling using the catch from 77 mesopelagic trawls distributed over the study area. FME was 15-17% (22-24 mg C m(-2) d(-1)) of the total carbon exported in the study area (144 mg C m(-2) d(-1)), as estimated from satellite data. FME varies spatially in both magnitude and relative importance. Although the magnitude of FME increases with increasing total export, the ratio of FME to total export decreases. FME exceeds 40% of the total carbon export in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, but forms <10% of the total export in the most productive waters of the California Current. Because the daytime residence depth of these fishes is below the depths where most remineralization of sinking particles occurs, FME is approximately equal to the passive transport at a depth of 400 m. The active transport of carbon by mesopelagic fishes and zooplankton is similar in magnitude to the gap between estimates of carbon export obtained with sediment traps and by other methods. FME should be considered in models of the global carbon cycle. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davison, P. C.; Checkley, D. M., Jr.; Koslow, J. A.; Barlow, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Barlow, J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Davison, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pdavison@ucsd.edu FU Moore Foundation; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; University of California Ship Funds; Project Kaisei/Ocean Voyages Institute; NSF IGERT Grant [0333444] FX Funding for the MOHT was provided by the Moore Foundation. P. Davison was supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. Funding for the SEAPLEX cruise was provided by University of California Ship Funds, Project Kaisei/Ocean Voyages Institute, and NSF IGERT Grant #0333444. Wire time for midwater trawling was provided by the California Current Ecosystem LTER site, supported by NSF, and by NOAA. Chemicals, equipment, and laboratory space were provided by the SIO Marine Vertebrate and Pelagic Invertebrate Collections. The authors thank the captains, crews, and science parties of the R/V Melville, R/V New Horizon, and NOAA Ship McArthur II for assistance deploying the trawls and processing the samples. G. Watters, A. Henry, and D. Griffith provided gear and assistance for the ORCAWALE cruise. A. Suntsov performed similar to 40% of the ORCAWALE IKMT trawls. J. Cox, I. Ionescu, J. Blackburn, S. Lyday, and L. Carswell assisted with ORCAWALE IKMT trawling. C. Klepadlo from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Marine Vertebrate Collection helped with the identification of mesopelagic fishes. R. Raymond provided assistance processing some of the samples. J. Liu and A. Lara-Lopez assisted the CCE-LTER MOHT trawling. A. Netburn provided helpful feedback on the manuscript. NR 137 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 116 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.05.013 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 218TO UT WOS:000324455600002 ER PT J AU Ruzicka, JJ Steele, JH Ballerini, T Gaichas, SK Ainley, DG AF Ruzicka, James J. Steele, John H. Ballerini, Tosca Gaichas, Sarah K. Ainley, David G. TI Dividing up the pie: Whales, fish, and humans as competitors SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; BALEEN WHALES; ECOSYSTEM; KRILL; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; ANTARCTICA; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; ECOPATH AB Similarly structured food web models of four coastal ecosystems (Northern California Current, Central Gulf of Alaska, Georges Bank, southwestern Antarctic Peninsula) were used to investigate competition among whales, fishes, pinnipeds, and humans. Two analysis strategies simulated the effects of historic baleen and odontocete whale abundances across all trophic levels: food web structure scenarios and time-dynamic scenarios. Direct competition between whales and commercial fisheries is small at current whale abundances; whales and fisheries each take similar proportions of annual pelagic fish production (4-7%). Scenarios show that as whale populations grow, indirect competition between whales and fish for zooplankton would more likely impact fishery production than would direct competition for fish between whales and commercial fisheries. Increased baleen whale abundance would have greater and broader indirect effects on upper trophic levels and fisheries than a similar increase in odontocete abundance. Time-dynamic scenarios, which allow for the evolution of compensatory mechanisms, showed more modest impacts than structural scenarios, which show the immediate impacts of altered energy pathways. Structural scenarios show that in terms of energy availability, there is potential for large increases in whale abundance without major changes to existing food web structures and without substantial reduction of fishery production. For each ecosystem, a five-fold increase in baleen whale abundance could be supported with minor disruptions to existing energy flow pathways. However, such an increase would remain below historical population levels for many cetaceans. A larger expansion (20X) could be accommodated only with large reductions in energy flow to competitor groups. The scope for odontocete expansion varies between ecosystems but may be more restricted than the scope for baleen expansion because they feed at higher, less productive trophic levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruzicka, James J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Steele, John H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ballerini, Tosca] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog, Inst Pytheas, CNRS,IRD, Marseille, France. [Gaichas, Sarah K.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. RP Ruzicka, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Jim.Ruzicka@oregonstate.edu FU NSF GLOBEC Pan-regional Synthesis Program [NSF 0814494]; NSF [ANT 0944411] FX We would like to thank the pelagic survey data collectors for the Northern California Current model: C. Morgan, J. Lamb, J. Keister, M. Litz, R. Emmett, E. Daly, J. Zamon, C. Sells, and the Bonneville Power Administration. K. Aydin developed the model code for the dynamic scenario analyses used in this project, and contributed to CGoA model construction. T. Conlin developed the coding for Monte Carlo analyses on the University of Oregon ACISS computing cluster. S. Strom contributed data and expertise to re-parameterizing lower trophic level interactions in the CGoA and other models. This study was supported by a grant from the NSF GLOBEC Pan-regional Synthesis Program (NSF 0814494), and NSF ANT 0944411 to DGA. This is US GLOBEC contribution 731. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 116 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.009 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 218TO UT WOS:000324455600014 ER PT J AU Armstrong, AA AF Armstrong, Andrew A. TI New Competence Standards For Growing Survey Needs SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Armstrong, AA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 54 IS 9 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 225PW UT WOS:000324975800001 ER PT J AU Neumann, D AF Neumann, Daniel TI Archived Hydrographic Smooth Sheet And Bottom Sample Recovery NOAA Metadata Accessible via Open, Integrated Database SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Neumann, Daniel] NOAA, Off Coast Survey, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 54 IS 9 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 225PW UT WOS:000324975800006 ER PT J AU Stein, D Taylor, C Fahey, K AF Stein, David Taylor, Christine Fahey, Kitty TI Decision-Making on Offshore Renewable Energy Sites National Need for Integrated Marine Information System SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Stein, David; Fahey, Kitty] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Stein, D (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 54 IS 9 BP 49 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 225PW UT WOS:000324975800010 ER PT J AU Schultz, TF Fitzpatrick, CK Freshwater, DW Morris, JA AF Schultz, Thomas F. Fitzpatrick, Cristin Keelin Freshwater, D. Wilson Morris, James A., Jr. TI Characterization of 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci from invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans and P-miles) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Lionfish microsatellites; Pterois volitans; Pterois miles ID ATLANTIC; SOFTWARE; WINDOWS; LINUX; COAST AB Lionfish (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) are the first non-native marine reef fish to become established in the Western North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Next-generation sequencing techniques were employed to identify 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci for P. volitans and P. miles from waters off North Carolina, USA. Allele frequencies for all 18 loci conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations after correction for multiple comparisons, the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 20 (mean = 7.1), and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.200 to 0.938 (mean H-o = 0.636). All 18 loci cross-amplified DNAs from representative haplotypes of both P. volitans and P. miles, and the vast majority of alleles were shared. These are the first highly polymorphic nuclear markers described for invasive lionfish and will be useful for characterizing population connectivity and monitoring the progress of the invasion on reef habitats of the Western Atlantic. C1 [Schultz, Thomas F.; Fitzpatrick, Cristin Keelin] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Freshwater, D. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Schultz, TF (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Tom.Schultz@duke.edu OI Schultz, Thomas/0000-0001-9694-9920 FU Rachel Carson Scholar Program at the Duke University Marine Laboratory; North Carolina SeaGrant award [2010-1706-09]; NSF award [DEB-0742437]; NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX CKF was supported in part by the Rachel Carson Scholar Program at the Duke University Marine Laboratory. This work was supported by a North Carolina SeaGrant award to TFS (Grant # 2010-1706-09), NSF award DEB-0742437 to DWF, and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 EI 1877-7260 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 599 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s12686-013-9860-5 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 194GT UT WOS:000322619900001 ER PT J AU Pritchard, VL Garza, JC AF Pritchard, Victoria L. Garza, John Carlos TI Discovery and characterization of novel genetic markers for coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Single nucleotide polymorphism; Coastal cutthroat trout; Oncorhynchus clarkii ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MYKISS; STEELHEAD AB Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii), native to the west coast of North America, has declined over much of its range. Population genetic studies can aid conservation, but few suitable markers have been available. We describe 62 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers variable in coastal cutthroat trout. We additionally show that 22 SNPs previously identified in other taxa are also polymorphic in the subspecies. These 84 SNP assays are the first to be developed for coastal cutthroat trout and will be a useful tool in coastal cutthroat trout management. C1 [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 5 IS 3 BP 611 EP 618 DI 10.1007/s12686-013-9863-2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 194GT UT WOS:000322619900004 ER PT J AU Cohen, HB Briggs, KT Marino, JP Ravid, K Robson, SC Mosser, DM AF Cohen, Heather B. Briggs, Katharine T. Marino, John P. Ravid, Katya Robson, Simon C. Mosser, David M. TI Toll-like receptor stimulated macrophages intrinsically control inflammatory cytokine production via CD39-based mechanism SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Joint Conference of the International-Cytokine-Society and the International-Society-for-Interferon-and-Cytokine-Research CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Int Cytokine Soc, Int Soc Interferon & Cytokine Res C1 [Cohen, Heather B.; Mosser, David M.] Univ Maryland, Coll Pk Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cohen, Heather B.; Mosser, David M.] Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Briggs, Katharine T.; Marino, John P.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. [Marino, John P.] NIST, Rockville, MD USA. [Ravid, Katya] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Robson, Simon C.] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Mosser, David/I-6697-2016 OI Mosser, David/0000-0002-9503-4187 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD SEP PY 2013 VL 63 IS 3 SI SI BP 255 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.06.054 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 212WO UT WOS:000324013700063 ER PT J AU Zhou, LM Tian, YH Chen, HS Dai, YJ Harris, RA AF Zhou, Liming Tian, Yuhong Chen, Haishan Dai, Yongjiu Harris, Ronald A. TI Effects of Topography on Assessing Wind Farm Impacts Using MODIS Data SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Wind farm impact; Empirical orthogonal function; Land surface temperature ID SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SATELLITE AB This paper uses the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to decompose satellite-derived nighttime land surface temperature (LST) for the period of 2003-11 into spatial patterns of different scales and thus to identify whether (i) there is a pattern of LST change associated with the development of wind farms and (ii) the warming effect over wind farms reported previously is an artifact of varied surface topography. Spatial pattern and time series analysis methods are also used to supplement and compare with the EOF results. Two equal-sized regions with similar topography in west-central Texas are chosen to represent the wind farm region (WFR) and nonwind farm region (NWFR), respectively. Results indicate that the nighttime warming effect seen in the first mode (EOF1) in WFR very likely represents the wind farm impacts due to its spatial coupling with the wind turbines, which are generally built on topographic high ground. The time series associated with the EOF1 mode in WFR also shows a persistent upward trend over wind farms from 2003 to 2011, corresponding to the increase of operating wind turbines with time. Also, the wind farm pixels show a warming effect that differs statistically significantly from their upwind high-elevation pixels and their downwind nonwind farm pixels at similar elevations, and this warming effect decreases with elevation. In contrast, NWFR shows a decrease in LST with increasing surface elevation and no warming effects over high-elevation ridges, indicating that the presence of wind farms in WFR has changed the LST-elevation relationship shown in NWFR. The elevation impacts on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST, if any, are much smaller and statistically insignificant than the strong and persistent signal of wind farm impacts. These results provide further observational evidence of the warming effect of wind farms reported previously. C1 [Zhou, Liming; Harris, Ronald A.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Tian, Yuhong] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Chen, Haishan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Dai, Yongjiu] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, LM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM lzhou@albany.edu RI Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012; Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014; OI Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; Chen, Haishan/0000-0002-2403-3187 FU University at Albany; State University of New York; National Science Foundation [NSF AGS-1247137]; National Basic Research Program of China [2011CB952000]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875062]; Ministry of Education; State Administration for Foreign Experts Affairs of China FX We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which have helped to substantially improve the paper. This study was supported by the startup funds provided by University at Albany, State University of New York and by National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1247137). H. Chen was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2011CB952000). Y. Dai was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40875062 and the 111 Project of Ministry of Education and State Administration for Foreign Experts Affairs of China. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 17 AR 13 DI 10.1175/2012EI000510.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 215WK UT WOS:000324241400001 ER PT J AU Fay, G Punt, AE AF Fay, Gavin Punt, Andre E. TI Methods for estimating spatial trends in Steller sea lion pup production using the Kalman filter SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Eumetopias jubatus; Kalman filter; model mis-specification; northern sea lion; simulation testing; spatial correlation; state-space models; stock structure; trend estimation ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; STATE-SPACE MODELS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; EXTINCTION PARAMETERS; POPULATION-MODELS; OBSERVATION ERROR; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; LIKELIHOOD AB Many species exhibit spatially varying trends in population size and status, often driven by differences among factors affecting individual subpopulations. Estimation and differentiation of such trends may be important for management, and a driving force for monitoring programs. The ability to estimate spatial differences in population trend may depend on assumptions regarding connectivity among subpopulations (stock structure or spatial overlap in stressors), information that is often poorly known. Linear state-space models using the Kalman filter were developed, tested, and applied for trend estimation of pup production for the western Alaska stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), given only count data. Models were able to estimate trends and abundance even when data were missing. Models that assumed spatial correlation in trend among rookeries were more robust to stock structure assumptions when the stock structure was potentially mis-specified. High levels of spatial correlation among rookeries estimated from Steller sea lion pup count data are consistent with large-scale covariance of population trend within the Steller sea lion metapopulation. C1 [Fay, Gavin; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fay, G (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gfay@uw.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NOAA Fisheries National Marine Mammal Laboratory FX Funding for G. Fay was provided by the NOAA Fisheries National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Tom Gelatt is thanked for advice and support. Tim Essington and Ray Hilborn provided insightful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. The manuscript was also improved following comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1474 DI 10.1890/12-1645.1 PG 20 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211UD UT WOS:000323935700019 PM 24147416 ER PT J AU Litzow, MA Mueter, FJ Urban, JD AF Litzow, Michael A. Mueter, Franz J. Urban, J. Daniel TI Rising catch variability preceded historical fisheries collapses in Alaska SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaskan fisheries; collapse; crustacean fisheries; early warning; fisheries; indicators; management; multiple stable states; regime shift; spatial variability ID WHOLE-ECOSYSTEM EXPERIMENT; EARLY-WARNING SIGNALS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; RED KING CRABS; REGIME SHIFTS; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB Statistical indicators such as rising variance and rising skewness in key system parameters may provide early warning of regime shifts in communities and populations. However, the utility of these indicators has rarely been tested in the large, complex ecosystems that are of most interest to managers. Crustacean fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea experienced a series of collapses beginning in the 1970s, and we used spatially resolved catch data from these fisheries to test the predictions that increasing variability and skewness would precede stock collapse. Our data set consisted of catch data from 14 fisheries (12 collapsing and two non-collapsing), spanning 278 cumulative years. Our sampling unit for analysis was the Alaska Department of Fish and Game statistical reporting area (mean n for individual fisheries = 42 areas, range 7-81). We found that spatial variability in catches increased prior to stock collapse: a random-effects model estimating trend in variability across all 12 collapsing fisheries showed strong evidence of increasing variability prior to collapse. Individual trends in variability were statistically significant for only four of the 12 collapsing fisheries, suggesting that rising variability might be most effective as an indicator when information from multiple populations is available. Analyzing data across multiple fisheries allowed us to detect increasing variability 1-4 years prior to collapse, and trends in variability were significantly different for collapsing and non-collapsing fisheries. In spite of theoretical expectations, we found no evidence of pre-collapse increases in catch skewness. Further, while models generally predict that rising variability should be a transient phenomenon around collapse points, increased variability was a persistent feature of collapsed fisheries in our study. We conclude that this result is more consistent with fishing effects as the cause of increased catch variability, rather than the critical slowing down that is the driver of increased variability in regime shift models. While our results support the use of rising spatial variability as a leading indicator of regime shifts, the failure of our data to support other model-derived predictions underscores the need for empirical validation before these indicators can be used with confidence by ecosystem managers. C1 [Litzow, Michael A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Litzow, Michael A.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Urban, J. Daniel] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Litzow, MA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM Michael.Litzow@utas.edu.au FU Alaska Sea Grant College Program; NOAA Office of Sea Grant; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA10OAR4170097, R/31-22]; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania FX We thank Paul Converse, Kim Phillips, and Gail Smith for assistance accessing data sets. We also thank Stewart Frusher and Alistair Hobday for helpful discussion, and Steve Carpenter and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Funding was provided by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program with funds from the NOAA Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce, under grant NA10OAR4170097 (project R/31-22), with additional support from the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1487 DI 10.1890/12-0670.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211UD UT WOS:000323935700020 PM 24147417 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Zou, XL Weng, FZ AF Zhao, Juan Zou, Xiaolei Weng, Fuzhong TI WindSat Radio-Frequency Interference Signature and Its Identification Over Greenland and Antarctic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications CY MAR 05-09, 2012 CL University of Rome, Frascati, ITALY HO University of Rome DE Conical scanning microwave radiometer; radio-frequency interference (RFI); WindSat ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; RETRIEVAL; VECTOR; LAND AB A detection of radio-frequency interference (RFI) in the space-borne microwave radiometer data is difficult under snow and sea ice-covered conditions. The existing methods such as a spectral difference technique or a principal component analysis (PCA) of RFI indices produce many false RFI signals near the boundary of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In this paper, a double PCA (DPCA) method is developed for RFI detection over Greenland and Antarctic regions. It is shown that the new DPCA method is effective in detecting RFI signals in the C-and X-band radiometer channels of WindSat while removing the false RFI signals over Greenland and Antarctic. It also worked well in other snow-free or snow-rich regions such as winter data over the United States. The proposed DPCA can be applied to satellite radiometer data orbit-by-orbit or granule-by-granule and is thus applicable in an operational environment for fast processing and data dissemination. C1 [Zhao, Juan] China Meteorol Adm Training Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Juan; Zou, Xiaolei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM zou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese Ministry of Finance [GYHY200906006] FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB951600, and Chinese Ministry of Finance project GYHY200906006. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 9 SI SI BP 4830 EP 4839 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2230634 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 218LV UT WOS:000324434900019 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Barnes, C Lirette, D Fortier, T Quinlan, F DeSalvo, JA Ludlow, A Diddams, SA Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Barnes, Corey Lirette, Danielle Fortier, Tara Quinlan, Franklyn DeSalvo, Jason A. Ludlow, Andrew Diddams, Scott A. Howe, David A. TI State-of-the-Art RF Signal Generation From Optical Frequency Division SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID LOW PHASE-NOISE; MICROWAVE GENERATION; DIVIDERS; FLICKER; LASERS; CLOCKS AB We present the design of a novel, ultralow-phase-noise frequency synthesizer implemented with extremely-low-noise regenerative frequency dividers. This synthesizer generates eight outputs, viz. 1.6 GHz, 320 MHz, 160 MHz, 80 MHz, 40 MHz, 20 MHz, 10 MHz and 5 MHz for an 8 GHz input frequency. The residual single-sideband (SSB) phase noises of the synthesizer at 5 and 10 MHz outputs at 1 Hz offset from the carrier are -150 and -145 dBc/Hz, respectively, which are unprecedented phase noise levels. We also report the lowest values of phase noise to date for 5 and 10 MHz RF signals achieved with our synthesizer by dividing an 8 GHz signal generated from an ultra-stable optical-comb-based frequency division. The absolute SSB phase noises achieved for 5 and 10 MHz signals at 1 Hz offset are -150 and -143 dBc/Hz, respectively; at 100 kHz offset, they are -177 and -174 dBc/Hz, respectively. The phase noise of the 5 MHz signal corresponds to a frequency stability of approximately 7.6 x 10(-15) at 1 s averaging time for a measurement bandwidth (BW) of 500 Hz, and the integrated timing jitter over 100 kHz BW is 20 fs. C1 [Hati, Archita] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. [Hati, Archita; Lirette, Danielle; Howe, David A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Metrol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. [Nelson, Craig W.] NIST, IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, Boulder, CO USA. [Barnes, Corey; Fortier, Tara; Quinlan, Franklyn; DeSalvo, Jason A.; Ludlow, Andrew; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Howe, David A.] NIST, NBS Disseminat Res Sect, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Work of U.S. government. Not subject to copyright. Commercial products are identified for information. There are several manufactures; no endorsement is implied by identification. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD SEP PY 2013 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1796 EP 1803 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2765 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 217CT UT WOS:000324334900002 PM 24658712 ER PT J AU Box, JE Colgan, W AF Box, Jason E. Colgan, William TI Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part III: Marine Ice Loss and Total Mass Balance (1840-2010) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Glaciers; Ice sheets; Snowmelt; icemelt; Ice loss; growth ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; TIDEWATER GLACIERS; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; OUTLET GLACIERS; WEST GREENLAND; ABLATION ZONE; MELT; ACCELERATION; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB Greenland ice sheet mass loss to the marine environment occurs by some combination of iceberg calving and underwater melting (referred to here as marine ice loss, L-M). This study quantifies the relation between L-M and meltwater runoff (R) at the ice sheet scale. A theoretical basis is presented explaining how variability in R can be expected to govern much of the L-M variability over annual to decadal time scales. It is found that R enhances L-M through three processes: 1) increased glacier discharge by ice warming-softening and basal lubrication-sliding; 2) increased calving susceptibility through undercutting glacier front geometry and reducing ice integrity; and 3) increased underwater melting from forcing marine convection. Applying a semiempirical L-M f(R) parameterization to a surface mass balance reconstruction enables total ice sheet mass budget closure over the 1840-2010 period. The estimated cumulative 171-yr net ice sheet sea level contribution is 25 +/- 10 mm, the rise punctuated by periods of ice sheet net mass gain (sea level drawdown) (1893-1900, 1938-47, and 1972-98). The sea level contribution accelerated at 27.6 mm yr(-1) century(-1) over the entire reconstruction, reaching a peak sea level rise contribution of 6.1 mm decade(-1) during 2002-10. C1 [Box, Jason E.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Colgan, William] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Colgan, William] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Box, JE (reprint author), Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM jeb@geus.dk RI Colgan, William/H-1570-2014; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013 OI Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660; FU Cryospheric Sciences Program of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise Grants [NNG04GH70G, NNX07AM82G]; Ohio State University's Climate Water Carbon initiative FX This work was supported by the Cryospheric Sciences Program of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise Grants NNG04GH70G and NNX07AM82G, The Ohio State University's Climate Water Carbon initiative managed by D. Alsdorf, and the Geologic Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). Thanks to F. M. Nick, D. H. Bromwich, D. I. Benn, E. Rignot, and M. Pelto for feedback on this manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for constructive comments. NR 66 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 18 BP 6990 EP 7002 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00546.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213LB UT WOS:000324057600014 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Chiang, JCH Zhang, DX AF Cheng, Wei Chiang, John C. H. Zhang, Dongxiao TI Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in CMIP5 Models: RCP and Historical Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Meridional overturning circulation; Climate models; Ensembles; Climate variability; Multidecadal variability; Trends ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GLOBAL OCEAN; GULF-STREAM; PROJECTIONS; TRANSPORTS AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated by 10 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the historical (1850-2005) and future climate is examined. The historical simulations of the AMOC mean state are more closely matched to observations than those of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Similarly to CMIP3, all models predict a weakening of the AMOC in the twenty-first century, though the degree of weakening varies considerably among the models. Under the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario, the weakening by year 2100 is 5%-40% of the individual model's historical mean state; under RCP8.5, the weakening increases to 15%-60% over the same period. RCP4.5 leads to the stabilization of the AMOC in the second half of the twenty-first century and a slower (then weakening rate) but steady recovery thereafter, while RCP8.5 gives rise to a continuous weakening of the AMOC throughout the twenty-first century. In the CMIP5 historical simulations, all but one model exhibit a weak downward trend [ranging from -0.1 to -1.8 Sverdrup (Sv) century(-1); 1 Sv 10(6) m(3) s(-1)] over the twentieth century. Additionally, the multimodel ensemble-mean AMOC exhibits multidecadal variability with a similar to 60-yr periodicity and a peak-to-peak amplitude of similar to 1 Sv; all individual models project consistently onto this multidecadal mode. This multidecadal variability is significantly correlated with similar variations in the net surface shortwave radiative flux in the North Atlantic and with surface freshwater flux variations in the subpolar latitudes. Potential drivers for the twentieth-century multimodel AMOC variability, including external climate forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the implication of these results on the North Atlantic SST variability are discussed. C1 [Cheng, Wei; Zhang, Dongxiao] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Zhang, Dongxiao] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chiang, John C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chiang, John C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Bldg 3,7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM wei.cheng@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table A1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We thank Drs. Gokhan Danabasoglu, Steve Yeager, and Mingfang Ting for discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Anand Gnanadesikan for their invaluable comments. This work is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 59 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 18 BP 7187 EP 7197 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00496.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213LB UT WOS:000324057600025 ER PT J AU Ogata, T Xie, SP Wittenberg, A Sun, DZ AF Ogata, Tomomichi Xie, Shang-Ping Wittenberg, Andrew Sun, De-Zheng TI Interdecadal Amplitude Modulation of El Nino-Southern Oscillation and Its Impact on Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; ENSO; Ocean dynamics ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; INDO-WESTERN PACIFIC; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN SIMULATION; COLD-TONGUE; LA-NINA; ENSO; PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERE AB The amplitude of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) displays pronounced interdecadal modulations in observations. The mechanisms for the amplitude modulation are investigated using a 2000-yr preindustrial control integration from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1). ENSO amplitude modulation is highly correlated with the second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV), which features equatorial zonal dipoles in sea surface temperature (SST) and subsurface temperature along the thermocline. Experiments with an ocean general circulation model indicate that both interannual and decadal-scale wind variability are required to generate decadal-scale tropical Pacific temperature anomalies at the sea surface and along the thermocline. Even a purely interannual and sinusoidal wind forcing can produce substantial decadal-scale effects in the equatorial Pacific, with SST cooling in the west, subsurface warming along the thermocline, and enhanced upper-ocean stratification in the east. A mechanism is proposed by which residual effects of ENSO could serve to alter subsequent ENSO stability, possibly contributing to long-lasting epochs of extreme ENSO behavior via a coupled feedback with TPDV. C1 [Ogata, Tomomichi; Xie, Shang-Ping] Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ogata, T (reprint author), Int Pacific Res Ctr, POST 401,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM ogata.tomomichi.ga@u.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)-International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Initiative (JII) project; Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the US NSF [Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS)] [0852329] FX We wish to thank Jinbao Li and Hiroki Tokinaga for constructive comments and suggestions. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)-International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) Initiative (JII) project. D.-Z. Sun was supported by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the US NSF [Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS) 0852329]. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 18 BP 7280 EP 7297 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00415.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213LB UT WOS:000324057600030 ER PT J AU DeMartini, E Jokiel, P Beets, J Stender, Y Storlazzi, C Minton, D Conklin, E AF DeMartini, E. Jokiel, P. Beets, J. Stender, Y. Storlazzi, C. Minton, D. Conklin, E. TI Terrigenous sediment impact on coral recruitment and growth affects the use of coral habitat by recruit parrotfishes (F. Scaridae) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Watershed reclamation; Reef sedimentation; Porites compressa; Chlorurus spilurus (sordidus); Scarus psittacus; Juvenile nursery habitat; Ridge-to-reef; Space-for-time substitution ID SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; REEF ORGANISMS; CALIBRATION; ISLANDS; FISHES AB Some major anthropogenic stressors have impacts that occur at infrequent, unpredictable intervals; their effects are difficult to evaluate in a timely manner unless space is substituted for time. In this paper we substitute space for time along an environmental gradient that aliases a predicted temporal response to habitat restoration. We herein describe a 3-year study that combined field experiments and descriptive surveys of a fringing reef at Pelekane Bay, west Hawaii, along a sedimentation gradient from an intermittent stream that episodically discharges from the Kohala Watershed. This degraded watershed is now being restored by grazer exclusion, habitat engineering, and replanting of native flora. Sediment traps, arrays of settling plates, marked branches of endemic finger coral Porites compressa, together with surveys of benthic composition, densities of recruits of economically important parrotfishes, and the relative use of corals by fish recruits, were evaluated during the summers of 2010-2012. As expected, sediment accumulation rate decreased while all coral metrics and the densities, use, and preference of corals by recruit fishes generally increased with distance from the point of sediment discharge. Proportionate abundances of recruit through large adult-sized parrotfishes, overlayed on distributions (mapped by separate study) of sediment impact, allowed us to estimate, as an example, the amount and value of parrotfish rersources that are being unrealized because of sediment impacts on recruit parrotfish. Our Pelekane Bay case study thus illustrates how "space-for-time" substitution can be efficiently applied in an evaluation of potential watershed reclamation of reef resources-at a time considerably prior to likely temporal responses of the reef and its resources to watershed restoration. C1 [DeMartini, E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Jokiel, P.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Beets, J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Stender, Y.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stender, Y.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96822 USA. [Storlazzi, C.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95069 USA. [Minton, D.; Conklin, E.] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP DeMartini, E (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program FX We thank D. Vidosh and D. Rafalovich of Blue Wilderness Dive Adventures, Waikoloa, Hawaii, for materials support of dive operations; and the NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program for funding. Also gratefully acknowledged are the constructive criticisms of A. Andrews and R. Humphreys on a draft manuscript, and D. Yamaguchi for help with Figs. 1 and 7. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1400-0350 J9 J COAST CONSERV JI J. Coast. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s11852-013-0247-2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 214DE UT WOS:000324110200011 ER PT J AU Abadia-Cardoso, A Anderson, EC Pearse, DE Garza, JC AF Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia Anderson, Eric C. Pearse, Devon E. Garza, John Carlos TI Large-scale parentage analysis reveals reproductive patterns and heritability of spawn timing in a hatchery population of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heritability; Oncorhynchus mykiss; pedigree; reproductive success; SNPs ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; PEDIGREE RECONSTRUCTION; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; KINSHIP ANALYSIS; FITNESS DECLINE AB Understanding life history traits is an important first step in formulating effective conservation and management strategies. The use of artificial propagation and supplementation as such a strategy can have numerous effects on the supplemented natural populations and minimizing life history divergence is crucial in minimizing these effects. Here, we use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for large-scale parentage analysis and pedigree reconstruction in a hatchery population of steelhead, the anadromous form of rainbow trout. Nearly complete sampling of the broodstock for several consecutive years in two hatchery programmes allowed inference about multiple aspects of life history. Reconstruction of cohort age distribution revealed a strong component of fish that spawn at 2years of age, in contrast to programme goals and distinct from naturally spawning steelhead in the region, which raises a significant conservation concern. The first estimates of variance in family size for steelhead in this region can be used to calculate effective population size and probabilities of inbreeding, and estimation of iteroparity rate indicates that it is reduced by hatchery production. Finally, correlations between family members in the day of spawning revealed for the first time a strongly heritable component to this important life history trait in steelhead and demonstrated the potential for selection to alter life history traits rapidly in response to changes in environmental conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate the extraordinary promise of SNP-based pedigree reconstruction for providing biological inference in high-fecundity organisms that is not easily achievable with traditional physical tags. C1 [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Anderson, Eric C.; Pearse, Devon E.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Abadia-Cardoso, Alicia; Anderson, Eric C.; Pearse, Devon E.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov FU US Army Corps of Engineers; CONACyT-UC Mexus Program; National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX This study would not have been possible without the sampling and associated efforts of the staff at WSH and CVFF, including P. LaCivita, E. McKenna, R. Taylor, B. White and B. Wilson, to whom we are grateful. We also thank V. Apkenas, A. Clemento, C. Columbus and E. Gilbert-Horvath of the Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team for assistance with laboratory analyses and comments on the manuscript. Comments from three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor, Michael Hansen, significantly improved the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers, the CONACyT-UC Mexus Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 81 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 22 IS 18 BP 4733 EP 4746 DI 10.1111/mec.12426 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 212ZP UT WOS:000324022600011 PM 23962061 ER PT J AU Baranyi, T Kiraly, S Coffey, HE AF Baranyi, T. Kiraly, S. Coffey, H. E. TI Indirect comparison of Debrecen and Greenwich daily sums of sunspot areas SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; sunspots AB Sunspot area data play an important role in the studies of solar activity and its long-term variations. In order to reveal real long-term solar variations precise homogeneous sunspot area data bases should be used. However, the measured areas may be burdened with systematic deviations, which may vary in time. Thus, there is a need to investigate the long-term variation of sunspot area data sets and to determine the time-dependent cross-calibration factors. In this study, we investigate the time-dependent differences between the available long-term sunspot data bases. Using the results, we estimate the correction factor to calibrate the corrected daily sunspot areas of Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) to the same data of Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR) by using the overlapping Kislovodsk and Pulkovo data. We give the correction factor as GPR = 1.08( +/- 0.11)DPD. C1 [Baranyi, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Heliophys Observ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. [Kiraly, S.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Coffey, H. E.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baranyi, T (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Heliophys Observ, POB 30, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. EM baranyi@tigris.unideb.hu FU ESA PECS [C98081] FX This work was supported by the ESA PECS project No. C98081 (TB). The authors are greatly indebted to a referee for suggesting substantial improvements to the presentation of the material included in the paper. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 434 IS 2 BP 1713 EP 1720 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1134 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 207XO UT WOS:000323638200062 ER PT J AU Medford, J Beil, J Taylor, JM Bartlett, SD Doherty, AC Rashba, EI DiVincenzo, DP Lu, H Gossard, AC Marcus, CM AF Medford, J. Beil, J. Taylor, J. M. Bartlett, S. D. Doherty, A. C. Rashba, E. I. DiVincenzo, D. P. Lu, H. Gossard, A. C. Marcus, C. M. TI Self-consistent measurement and state tomography of an exchange-only spin qubit SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN AB Quantum-dot spin qubits characteristically use oscillating magnetic or electric fields, or quasi-static Zeeman field gradients, to realize full qubit control. For the case of three confined electrons, exchange interaction between two pairs allows qubit rotation around two axes, hence full control, using only electrostatic gates. Here, we report initialization, full control, and single-shot readout of a three-electron exchange-driven spin qubit. Control via the exchange interaction is fast, yielding a demonstrated 75 qubit rotations in less than 2 ns. Measurement and state tomography are performed using a maximum-likelihood estimator method, allowing decoherence, leakage out of the qubit state space, and measurement fidelity to be quantified. The methods developed here are generally applicable to systems with state leakage, noisy measurements and non-orthogonal control axes. C1 [Medford, J.; Beil, J.; Rashba, E. I.; Marcus, C. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beil, J.; Marcus, C. M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Quantum Devices, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Bartlett, S. D.; Doherty, A. C.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Engineered Quantum Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [DiVincenzo, D. P.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Quantum Informat, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [DiVincenzo, D. P.] Forschungszentrum Julich, PGI, Dept Theoret Nanoelect, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Lu, H.; Gossard, A. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Marcus, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM marcus@nbi.dk RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Doherty, Andrew/D-1816-2010; Bartlett, Stephen/A-4163-2008; Marcus, Charles/M-4526-2014; LU, Hong/D-3658-2013; DiVincenzo, David/H-5952-2013 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Doherty, Andrew/0000-0002-8069-7754; Bartlett, Stephen/0000-0003-4387-670X; Marcus, Charles/0000-0003-2420-4692; LU, Hong/0000-0002-8340-2739; DiVincenzo, David/0000-0003-4332-645X FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency (IARPA) through the Multi-Qubit Coherent Operation (MQCO) programme; Danish National Research Foundation; Villum Foundation; Australian Research Council (ARC) via the Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS) [CE110001013] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Agency (IARPA) through the Multi-Qubit Coherent Operation (MQCO) programme, the Danish National Research Foundation and the Villum Foundation. S. B. and A. D. acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council (ARC) via the Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), project number CE110001013. The authors thank O. Dial, B. Halperin, F. Kuemmeth, T. Ladd and A. Yacoby for useful discussions, and B. Armstrong for technical contributions. NR 30 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 8 IS 9 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2013.168 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 214XT UT WOS:000324172800014 PM 23995458 ER PT J AU Rathburn, CK Sharp, NJ Ryan, JC Neely, MG Cook, M Chapman, RW Burnett, LE Burnett, KG AF Rathburn, Charles K. Sharp, Natasha J. Ryan, James C. Neely, Marion G. Cook, Matthew Chapman, Robert W. Burnett, Louis E. Burnett, Karen G. TI Transcriptomic responses of juvenile Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, to hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; hypercapnic hypoxia; Litopenaeus vannamei; microarray; global change; transcriptomics ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILE; ACID-BASE STATUS; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; GRASS SHRIMP; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; VIBRIO-CAMPBELLII; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FRESH-WATER; BLUE-CRAB; FENNEROPENAEUS-CHINENSIS AB Estuarine crustaceans are often exposed to low dissolved O-2 (hypoxia) accompanied by elevated CO2 (hypercapnia), which lowers water pH. Acclimatory responses to hypoxia have been widely characterized; responses to hypercapnia in combination with hypoxia (hypercapnic hypoxia) are less well known. Here we used oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize changes in global gene expression in the hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, exposed to hypoxia or hypercapnic hypoxia for 4 or 24 h, compared with time-matched animals held in air-saturated water (normoxia). Unigenes whose expressions were significantly impacted by treatment and/or time were used to build artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify genes with the greatest sensitivity in pairwise discriminations between treatments at each time point and between times for each treatment. ANN gene sets that discriminated hypoxia or hypercapnic hypoxia from normoxia shared functions of translation, mitochondrial energetics, and cellular defense. GO terms protein modification/phosphorylation/cellular protein metabolism and RNA processing/apoptosis/cell cycling occurred at highest frequency in discriminating hypercapnic hypoxia from hypoxia at 4 and 24 h, respectively. For 75.4% of the annotated ANN genes, exposure to hypercapnic hypoxia for 24 h reduced or reversed the transcriptional response to hypoxia alone. These results suggest that high CO2/low pH may interfere with transcriptionally based acclimation to hypoxia or elicit physiological or biochemical responses that relieve internal hypoxia. Whether these data reflect resilience or sensitivity of L. vannamei in the face of expanding hypoxic zones and rising levels of atmospheric CO2 may be important to understanding the survival of this and other estuarine species. C1 [Rathburn, Charles K.; Sharp, Natasha J.; Cook, Matthew; Burnett, Louis E.; Burnett, Karen G.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Rathburn, Charles K.; Sharp, Natasha J.; Ryan, James C.; Neely, Marion G.; Chapman, Robert W.; Burnett, Louis E.; Burnett, Karen G.] Hollings Marine Lab, Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Neely, Marion G.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Burnett, KG (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM burnettk@cofc.edu OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [IOS-0725245, IOS-1147008]; NOAA's Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory FX This study was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. IOS-0725245, IOS-1147008, and NOAA's Center of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory. NR 85 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD SEP PY 2013 VL 45 IS 17 BP 794 EP 807 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00043.2013 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 210FF UT WOS:000323814000005 PM 23821614 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Liu, G Yan, YG Kaduk, JA AF Wong-Ng, W. Liu, G. Yan, Y. G. Kaduk, J. A. TI Structure and X-ray reference diffraction patterns of (Ba6-xSrx)R2Co4O15 (x=1, 2) (R = lanthanides) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE X-ray reference diffraction patterns; (Ba6-xSrx)R2Co4O15 (x=1, 2) (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd); crystal structure ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; BA6LA2FE4O15; CA3CO2O6; CA3CO4O9 AB The structure and X-ray patterns of two series of barium lanthanide cobaltates, namely, Ba4Sr2R2Co4O15 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Dy), and Ba5SrR2Co4O15 (R = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) have been determined. These compounds crystallize in the space group P6(3)mc; the unit-cell parameters of Ba4Sr2R2Co4O15 (R from La to Dy) decrease from a = 11.6128(2) angstrom to 11. 5266(9) angstrom, c = 6.869 03(11) to 6. 7630(5) angstrom, and V = 802.23(3)angstrom(3) to 778.17(15) angstrom(3), respectively. In the Ba5SrR2Co4O15 series (R = La to Gd), the unit-cell parameters decrease from a = 11.735 44(14) angstrom to 11.619 79(12) angstrom, c = 6.942 89 (14) angstrom to 6.836 52(8) angstrom, and V = 828.08(3) angstrom(3) to 799.40(2) angstrom(3). In the general structure of (Ba6-xSrx) R2Co4O15, there are four Co ions per formula unit occupying one CoO6 octahedral and three CoO4 tetrahedral units. Through corner-sharing of these polyhedra, a larger Co4O15 unit is formed. Sr2+ ions adopt both octahedral and 8-fold coordination environment. R3+ ions adopt 8-fold coordination (mixed site with Sr), while the larger Ba2+ ions assume both 10- and 11-fold coordination environments. The samples were found to be insulators. X-ray diffraction patterns of these samples have been determined and submitted to the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). (C) 2013 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yan, Y. G.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, BCPS, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 28 IS 3 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1017/S0885715613000171 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 217CJ UT WOS:000324333900007 ER PT J AU Prosa, TJ Olson, D Geiser, B Larson, DJ Henry, K Steel, E AF Prosa, T. J. Olson, D. Geiser, B. Larson, D. J. Henry, K. Steel, E. TI Analysis of implanted silicon dopant profiles SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd International Field Emission Symposium (IFES) CY MAY 21-25, 2013 CL Tuscaloosa, AL DE Atom probe tomography ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMS AB Atom probe tomography implant dose measurements are reported for National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 2134 (arsenic implant). Efforts were taken to manufacture specimens with limited variation in size and shape to minimize variation in physical reconstruction parameters. A tip profile reconstruction was utilized where measurements of tip profile, post-analysis specimen radius and sphere-to-cone radius ratio were required as inputs into the reconstruction process. A variation of 4% is observed in the dose measurement under these conditions. Various considerations necessary to narrow the observed variation in measured dose, toward the limit imposed by counting statistics, are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Prosa, T. J.; Olson, D.; Geiser, B.; Larson, D. J.] Cameca Instruments Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Henry, K.; Steel, E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prosa, TJ (reprint author), Cameca Instruments Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM ty.prosa@ametek.com NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD SEP PY 2013 VL 132 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2012.10.005 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 215UF UT WOS:000324235500029 PM 23290587 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Phillips, MM AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Phillips, Melissa M. TI Solution to Certified Reference Material recipe challenge SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Phillips, Melissa M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rimmer, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 405 IS 22 BP 6899 EP 6900 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7167-8 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 208BV UT WOS:000323651900002 PM 23978986 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Han, Y Weng, FZ AF Chen, Yong Han, Yong Weng, Fuzhong TI Detection of Earth-rotation Doppler shift from Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Cross-Track Infrared Sounder SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite is a Fourier transform spectrometer and provides a total of 1305 channels for sounding the atmosphere. Quantifying the CrIS spectral accuracy, which is directly related to radiometric accuracy, is crucial for improving its data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. In this study, a cross-correlation method is used for detecting the effect of Earth-rotation Doppler shift (ERDS) on CrIS observations. Based on a theoretical calculation, the ERDS can be as large as about 1.3 parts in 10(6) (ppm) near Earth's equator and at the satellite scan edge for a field of regard (FOR) of 1 or 30. The CrIS observations exhibit a relative Doppler shift as large as 2.6 ppm for a FOR pair of 1 and 30 near the equator. The variation of the ERDS with latitude and scan position detected from CrIS observations is similar to that derived theoretically, which indicates that the spectral stability of the CrIS instrument is very high. To accurately calibrate CrIS spectral accuracy, the ERDS effect should be removed. Since the ERDS is easily predictable, the Doppler shift is correctable in the CrIS spectra. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Yong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Yong.Chen@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600] FX The first author would like to thank the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology for support through project 2010CB951600 and the NOAA JPSS program office. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 25 BP 6250 EP 6257 DI 10.1364/AO.52.006250 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 211CM UT WOS:000323881700021 PM 24085084 ER PT J AU Sperling, BA Hoang, J Kimes, WA Maslar, JE AF Sperling, Brent A. Hoang, John Kimes, William A. Maslar, James E. TI Time-Resolved Surface Infrared Spectroscopy During Atomic Layer Deposition SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Atomic layer deposition; ALD; Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy; RAIRS; Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy; IRAS; Buried metal layer substrate ID REFLECTION-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-TERMINATED SI(100); OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE; THIN-FILMS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; IR SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB This work presents a novel method for obtaining surface infrared spectra with sub-second time resolution during atomic layer deposition (ALD). Using a rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, we obtain a series of synchronized interferograms (120 ms) during multiple ALD cycles to observe the dynamics of an average ALP cycle. We use a buried metal layer (BML) substrate to enhance absorption by the surface species. The surface selection rules of the BML allow us to determine the contribution from the substrate surface as opposed to that from gas-phase molecules and species adsorbed at the windows. In addition, we use simulation to examine the origins of increased reflectivity associated with phonon absorption by the oxide layers. The simulations are also used to determine the decay in enhancement by the buried metal layer substrate as the oxide layer grows during the experiment. These calculations are used to estimate the optimal number of ALD cycles for our experimental method. C1 [Sperling, Brent A.; Hoang, John; Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sperling, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brent.sperling@nist.gov NR 72 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1003 EP 1012 DI 10.1366/13-06995 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 210CB UT WOS:000323805800003 PM 24067630 ER PT J AU Zgliczynski, BJ Williams, ID Schroeder, RE Nadon, MO Richards, BL Sandin, SA AF Zgliczynski, B. J. Williams, I. D. Schroeder, R. E. Nadon, M. O. Richards, B. L. Sandin, S. A. TI The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: an assessment of coral reef fishes in the US Pacific Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE IUCN; Coral reef fishes; NOAA Species of Concern; Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus); Bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum); Grouper (Serranidae) ID WRASSE CHEILINUS-UNDULATUS; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; HUMPHEAD WRASSE; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; MARINE FISHES; EXTINCTION; ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; AGGREGATION; COMMUNITIES AB Widespread declines among many coral reef fisheries have led scientists and managers to become increasingly concerned over the extinction risk facing some species. To aid in assessing the extinction risks facing coral reef fishes, large-scale censuses of the abundance and distribution of individual species are critically important. We use fisheries-independent data collected as part of the NOAA Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program from 2000 to 2009 to describe the range and density across the US Pacific of coral reef fishes included on The International Union for the Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) 2011 Red List of Threatened Species. Forty-five species, including sharks, rays, groupers, humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum), included on the IUCN List, were recorded in the US Pacific Islands. Most species were generally rare in the US Pacific with the exception of a few species, principally small groupers and reef sharks. The greatest diversity and densities of IUCN-listed fishes were recorded at remote and uninhabited islands of the Pacific Remote Island Areas; in general, lower densities were observed at reefs of inhabited islands. Our findings complement IUCN assessment efforts, emphasize the efficacy of large-scale assessment and monitoring efforts in providing quantitative data on reef fish assemblages, and highlight the importance of protecting populations at remote and uninhabited islands where some species included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species can be observed in abundance. C1 [Zgliczynski, B. J.; Sandin, S. A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. [Williams, I. D.; Richards, B. L.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schroeder, R. E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Nadon, M. O.] Univ Hawaii, NOAA Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Zgliczynski, BJ (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92083 USA. EM bzgliczy@ucsd.edu FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Office of Habitat Conservation; NOAA/NSF CAMEO program FX This work was conducted with the support of the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Office of Habitat Conservation, and NOAA/NSF CAMEO program. We thank the officers and crew aboard the NOAA Ships Townsand Cromwell, Oscar Elton Sette, and Hi'ialakai for logistical support. Additional logistical and personnel support was provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (American Samoa), Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Division of Fish and Wildlife, Division of Environmental Quality (CNMI), and the Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. We also thank E. E. DeMartini (NOAA Fisheries) and G. J. Williams (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) for their contributions throughout the development of this assessment and several anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 637 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s00338-013-1018-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197TQ UT WOS:000322874500004 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Bright, AJ AF Williams, D. E. Bright, A. J. TI White rings on the threatened coral, Acropora palmata, associated with foraging activity of the honeycomb cowfish, Acanthostracion polygonius (Ostraciidae) SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Williams, D. E.; Bright, A. J.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, D. E.; Bright, A. J.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. RP Bright, AJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM allan.bright@noaa.gov OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 651 EP 651 DI 10.1007/s00338-013-1024-2 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197TQ UT WOS:000322874500005 ER PT J AU Hansen, S Armstrong, GSJ Bastiani-Ceccotti, S Bowen, C Chung, HK Colgan, JP de Dortan, F Fontes, CJ Gilleron, F Marques, JR Piron, R Peyrusse, O Poirier, M Ralchenko, Y Sasaki, A Stambulchik, E Thais, F AF Hansen, Stephanie Armstrong, G. S. J. Bastiani-Ceccotti, S. Bowen, C. Chung, H. -K. Colgan, J. P. de Dortan, F. Fontes, C. J. Gilleron, F. Marques, J. -R. Piron, R. Peyrusse, O. Poirier, M. Ralchenko, Yu. Sasaki, A. Stambulchik, E. Thais, F. TI Testing the reliability of non-LTE spectroscopic models for complex ions SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; Atomic kinetics; Plasma diagnostics; L-shell ID X-RAY; PLASMAS; WORKSHOP; RECOMBINATION AB Collisional-radiative atomic models are widely used to help diagnose experimental plasma conditions through fitting and interpreting measured spectra. Here we present the results of a code comparison in which a variety of models determined plasma temperatures and densities by finding the best fit to an experimental L-shell Kr spectrum from a well characterized, but not benchmarked, laser plasma. While variations in diagnostic strategies and qualities of fit were significant, the results generally confirmed the typically quoted uncertainties for such diagnostics of 20% in electron temperature and factors of about two in density. The comparison also highlighted some model features important for spectroscopic diagnostics: fine structure was required to match line positions and relative intensities within each charge state and for density diagnostics based on emission from metastable states; an extensive configuration set was required to fit the wings of satellite features and to reliably diagnose the temperature through the inferred charge state distribution; and the inclusion of self-consistent opacity effects was an important factor in the quality of the fit. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hansen, Stephanie] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Armstrong, G. S. J.; Colgan, J. P.; Fontes, C. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bastiani-Ceccotti, S.; Marques, J. -R.] UPMC, LULI, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,CEA, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Bowen, C.; Gilleron, F.; Piron, R.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Chung, H. -K.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [de Dortan, F.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 8, Czech Republic. [de Dortan, F.] UPM, DENIM, Madrid, Spain. [Peyrusse, O.] Univ Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, CELIA,UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France. [Poirier, M.; Thais, F.] CEA, IRAMIS, Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sasaki, A.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Kizugawa, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. [Stambulchik, E.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Hansen, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM sbhanse@sandia.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Sasaki, Akira/J-8158-2016; OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy; JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) [23340185, 23246165]; Czech Republic's Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [CZ,1.05/1.1.00/02.0061]; EC OP [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0087] FX S.H. was supported by Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work of G.A., J.C., and C.F. was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Yu.R. was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. A.S. was supported in part by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) grants No. 23340185 and 23246165. F.dD. was funded by Czech Republic's Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports to the ELI-Beamlines (ELI, CZ,1.05/1.1.00/02.0061) and EC OP CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0087. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 9 IS 3 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2013.05.002 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 210SP UT WOS:000323855100024 ER PT J AU Thomas, LR DiNardo, GT Lee, HH Piner, KR Kahng, SE AF Thomas, Lennon R. DiNardo, Gerard T. Lee, Hui-Hua Piner, Kevin R. Kahng, Samuel E. TI FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF KONA CRABS RANINA RANINA (BRACHYURA: RANINIDAE) CATCH RATES IN THE MAIN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crab fishery; distribution patterns; generalized linear model; Kona crab; Ranina ranina ID GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; RED FROG CRAB; SPANNER CRABS; UNIT-EFFORT; PACIFIC; CATCHABILITY; AUSTRALIA; LINNAEUS; FISHERY; BIOMASS AB A generalized linear model and commercial catch report data were used to describe spatial and temporal patterns in Kona crab, Ranina ranina Linnaeus, 1758, catch rates in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Three alternative hypotheses regarding factors influencing the temporal and spatial distribution of Kona crabs were evaluated using multi-model inference. Broad-scale island effects explain the spatial distribution of catch rates better than the finer-scale factors of depth and swell exposure. Interdecadal declines in catch rates were noted for islands with high human density, while other islands had stable or increasing catch rates. The interdecadal changes in catch rates may be explained by changes in population abundance and management-induced changes in fishing patterns in the recent period. Kona crab behaviors associated with the reproductive cycle contribute to seasonal variations in observed catch rates. C1 [Thomas, Lennon R.; Kahng, Samuel E.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [DiNardo, Gerard T.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Thomas, LR (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, 41-202 Kalanianaole Highway, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM lennon.thomas@noaa.gov FU NOAA Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council through the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program [NA09NMF441038] FX Funding for this project was provided by the NOAA Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council through the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program, award number NA09NMF441038. The authors wish to thank Reginald Kokoburn, Wendy Seki and the rest of the State of Hawaii, Division of Aquatic Resources staff for their assistance in obtaining and understanding the commercial catch reports. The authors also wish to thank Jordan Watson, David Hyrenbach, Eric Vetter, Mark Mitsusasyu, Josh DeMello, Marlowe Sabater and Paul Dalzell for their support and contributions to this project. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 33 IS 5 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002171 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 210SU UT WOS:000323855600004 ER PT J AU Vulstek, SC Linderoth, TP Guyon, JR Tallmon, DA AF Vulstek, Scott C. Linderoth, Tyler P. Guyon, Jeffrey R. Tallmon, David A. TI SPATIO-TEMPORAL POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE AND MATING SYSTEM OF RED KING CRAB (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICUS) IN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic differentiation; management; Paralithodes camtschaticus; population; red king crabs ID MULTIPLE PATERNITY; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; MARINE POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; SIZE; VARIABILITY; SOFTWARE; PATTERNS; PACKAGE AB Red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815, an economically and culturally important species in the state of Alaska, experienced drastic reductions in abundance over large portions of their Alaskan range by 1980. Abundance of crabs in some of the most important historical fishing areas have failed to rebound, some even in the absence of fishing, highlighting the need for additional research to infer genetic structure and reproductive biology of the species that can then be used to inform management efforts. Red king crab samples were collected from eleven locations throughout Alaska (n = 845), of these, six locations were sampled at least one generation apart. Results of this study suggest moderate rates of gene flow within the Gulf of Alaska/Western Alaska region. Levels of genetic differentiation among populations within Southeast Alaska were higher than seen elsewhere, and there was strong evidence of multiple distinct populations. Red king crab in Bristol Bay and in two areas in Southeast Alaska show signs of recent population bottlenecks and shifts in allele frequencies not observed in previous studies that used less polymorphic genetic markers. In addition to population genetic structure analyses, 24 female red king crab and their broods were collected for purposes of inferring mating system. There was no evidence of multiple paternity in any brood. The results of this study support continued management of distinct geographic groups within the Gulf of Alaska/Western Alaska region and suggest that finer-scale management may be beneficial in Southeast Alaska. C1 [Vulstek, Scott C.; Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Linderoth, Tyler P.; Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Guyon, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, AFSC, NMFS, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Vulstek, SC (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, 17101 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM scvulstek@alaska.edu FU Alaska Sea Grant; NOAA aquaculture grant FX The authors would like to thank P. Jensen, J. F. Morado, B. Daly, R. Foy, C. Shavey and all those involved in the collection of samples for this project. The authors would also like to thank W. D. Templin, W. S. Grant, and T. Harrington of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Gene Conservation Laboratory for providing historic samples. G. L. Eckert, A. J. Gharrett, R. P. Kovach, and P. D. Barry all provided comments and constructive reviews throughout the project. Partial funding was provided by Alaska Sea Grant and a NOAA aquaculture grant. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 33 IS 5 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1163/1937240X-00002173 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 210SU UT WOS:000323855600011 ER PT J AU Nixon, C King, A Price, D AF Nixon, Chris King, Andrew Price, Daniel TI Tearing up the disc: misaligned accretion on to a binary SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; TIDALLY-INDUCED WARPS; FINAL PARSEC PROBLEM; PROTOSTELLAR DISCS; CIRCUMBINARY DISC; YOUNG STARS; GAS DISCS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB In a recent paper, we have shown that the evolution of a misaligned disc around a spinning black hole can result in tearing the disc into many distinct planes. Tearing discs with random orientations produce direct dynamical accretion on to the hole in approximate to 70 per cent of all cases. Here, we examine the evolution of a misaligned disc around a binary system. We show that these discs are susceptible to tearing for almost all inclinations. We also show that tearing of the disc can result in a significant acceleration of the disc evolution and subsequent accretion on to the binary - by factors up to 10(4) times that of a coplanar prograde disc with otherwise identical parameters. This provides a promising mechanism for driving mergers of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries on time-scales much shorter than a Hubble time. Disc tearing also suggests new observational signatures of accreting SMBH binaries and other systems such as protostellar binaries. C1 [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris; King, Andrew] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Price, Daniel] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Monash Ctr Astrophys MoCA, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Nixon, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chris.nixon@jila.colorado.edu RI Price, Daniel/A-8142-2016; OI Price, Daniel/0000-0002-4716-4235; Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NASA [PF2-130098]; STFC; department of Business Innovation and Skills; University of Leicester FX We thank the referee for useful suggestions. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF2-130098. Research in theoretical astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC Consolidated Grant. We used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the visualization. The calculations for this paper were performed on the Complexity node of the DiRAC2 HPC Facility which is jointly funded by STFC, the department of Business Innovation and Skills and the University of Leicester. NR 58 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 434 IS 3 BP 1946 EP 1954 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1136 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 207YE UT WOS:000323639900011 ER PT J AU Ohman, MD Rudnick, DL Chekalyuk, A Davis, RE Feely, RA Kahru, M Kim, HJ Landry, MR Martz, TR Sabine, CL Send, U AF Ohman, Mark D. Rudnick, Daniel L. Chekalyuk, Alexander Davis, Russ E. Feely, Richard A. Kahru, Mati Kim, Hey-Jin Landry, Michael R. Martz, Todd R. Sabine, Christopher L. Send, Uwe TI AUTONOMOUS OCEAN MEASUREMENTS IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SYSTEM; DEEP; RESPONSES AB Event-scale phenomena, of limited temporal duration or restricted spatial extent, often play a disproportionately large role in ecological processes occurring in the ocean water column. Nutrient and gas fluxes, upwelling and downwelling, transport of biogeochemically important elements, predator-prey interactions, and other processes may be markedly influenced by such events, which are inadequately resolved from infrequent ship surveys. The advent of autonomous instrumentation, including underwater gliders, profiling floats, surface drifters, enhanced moorings, coastal high-frequency radars, and satellite remote sensing, now provides the capability to resolve such phenomena and assess their role in structuring pelagic ecosystems. These methods are especially valuable when integrated together, and with shipboard calibration measurements and experimental programs. C1 [Ohman, Mark D.; Rudnick, Daniel L.; Davis, Russ E.; Kahru, Mati; Kim, Hey-Jin; Landry, Michael R.; Martz, Todd R.; Send, Uwe] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chekalyuk, Alexander] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ohman, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mohman@ucsd.edu RI Rudnick, Daniel/J-8948-2016; OI Rudnick, Daniel/0000-0002-2624-7074; Davis, Russ/0000-0003-1903-6313 FU National Science Foundation through its support of the California Current Ecosystem LTER site and development of Advanced Laser Fluorometry; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA Climate Observation Division; NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following sources: the National Science Foundation through its support of the California Current Ecosystem LTER site and development of Advanced Laser Fluorometry; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA Climate Observation Division; NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System; and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. We also thank Libe Washburn, David Demer, the SIO Instrumental Development Group, SIO Timeseries Group, and CCE LTER team for their sustained efforts. This is PMEL contribution number 4029. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 33 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 SI SI BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 210DD UT WOS:000323808600005 ER PT J AU Mungov, G Eble, M Bouchard, R AF Mungov, George Eble, Marie Bouchard, Richard TI DART(A (R)) Tsunameter Retrospective and Real-Time Data: A Reflection on 10 Years of Processing in Support of Tsunami Research and Operations SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; tsunami measurements; bottom pressure recorder; BPR; deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunami; DART; tsunameter ID OPEN-OCEAN-FLOOR; BOTTOM PRESSURE; DEEP-OCEAN; SEA; PACIFIC; TIDES; GULF AB In the early 1980s, the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory established the fundamentals of the contemporary tsunameter network deployed throughout the world oceans. The decades of technological and scientific advancements that followed led to a robust network that now provides real-time deep-ocean tsunami observations routinely incorporated into operational procedures of tsunami warning centers around the globe. All aspects of the network, from research to operations, to data archive and dissemination, are conducted collaboratively between the National Data Buoy Center, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and the National Geophysical Data Center, with oversight by the National Weather Service. The National Data Buoy Center manages and conducts all operational network activities and distributes real-time data to the public. The Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory provides the research component in support of modeling and network enhancements for improved forecasting capability. The National Geophysical Data Center is responsible for the processing, archiving, and distribution of all retrospective data and integrates DART(A (R)) tsunameter data with the National Geophysical Data Center global historical tsunami database. The role each agency plays in collecting, processing, and disseminating observations of deep-ocean bottom pressure is presented along with brief descriptions of data processing procedures. Specific examples of challenges and the approaches taken to address these are discussed. National Geophysical Data Center newly developed and available tsunami event web pages are briefly described and demonstrated with processed data for both the Tohoku 11 March 2011 and the Haiti 12 January 2010 tsunami events. C1 [Mungov, George] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mungov, George] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eble, Marie] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bouchard, Richard] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mungov, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM George.mungov@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 170 IS 9-10 BP 1369 EP 1384 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0477-5 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 209HZ UT WOS:000323747700002 ER PT J AU Fritz, HM Hillaire, JV Moliere, E Wei, Y Mohammed, F AF Fritz, Hermann M. Hillaire, Jean Vilmond Moliere, Emanuel Wei, Yong Mohammed, Fahad TI Twin Tsunamis Triggered by the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Haiti; Dominican Republic; Caribbean; tsunami; earthquake; field survey; numerical modeling ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; PERSPECTIVE; DISASTER; RUPTURE; RUNUP; FAULT AB On 12 January 2010, a magnitude M (w) 7.0 earthquake occurred 25 km west-southwest of Haiti's capital Port-au-Prince causing an estimated 316,000 fatalities, thereby exceeding any previous loss of life from a similar size earthquake. In addition, tsunami waves triggered by the earthquake caused at least three fatalities at Petit Paradis due to a complete lack of tsunami awareness. The International Tsunami Survey Team (ITST) was deployed within weeks of the event and covered the greater Bay of Port-au-Prince and more than 100 km of Hispaniola's southern coastline. The collected survey data include more than 21 tsunami heights along with observations of coastal land level change. Maximum tsunami heights of 3 m have been measured for two independently triggered tsunamis. C1 [Fritz, Hermann M.; Mohammed, Fahad] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. [Hillaire, Jean Vilmond] Univ Quisqueya, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Moliere, Emanuel] Ecole Natl Geol Appl, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Wei, Yong] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Fritz, HM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA. EM fritz@gatech.edu; hvilmond@yahoo.fr; chapeshai@yahoo.fr; yong.wei@noaa.gov RI Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 FU National Science Foundation through the NSF NEESR [CMMI-0936603] FX The survey was supported logistically by ONAMET of the Dominican Republic and UNESCO-IOC. F. M. was supported by the National Science Foundation through the NSF NEESR award CMMI-0936603. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 170 IS 9-10 BP 1463 EP 1474 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0479-3 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 209HZ UT WOS:000323747700008 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Habib, E Kuligowski, RJ Kim, D AF Zhang, Yu Habib, Emad Kuligowski, Robert J. Kim, Dongsoo TI Joint distribution of multiplicative errors in radar and satellite QPEs and its use in estimating the conditional exceedance probability SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Error; Copula; Distribution ID RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; COPULA; TRMM; ALGORITHM; UNCERTAINTIES; ASSIMILATION AB This paper characterizes the joint distribution of multiplicative errors (ME) in radar (R) and satellite (S) quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs). A semi-parametric framework is established on the basis of this joint distribution to describe the probability of rainfall exceeding a particular threshold given concurrent R and S-based estimates (referred to as conditional exceedance probability, or CEP). This framework entails integrating copula-based joint distributions of MEs over a range of rainfall amounts to yield the joint probability of exceedance, which forms the basis for estimating CEP. In demonstrating this approach, MEs were computed for R (Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler) and S (Self-calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval) for central Texas over 2000-2007 using gauge records as the reference. Analysis of the MEs in R and S reveals a substantial correlation between the two, and it also shows that the interdependence is complex as a considerable portion of S QPEs are negatively biased while their concurrent R values are bias-neutral. CEP values from the semi-parametric approach is found to be generally superior to those empirically derived based on rainfall estimates: it yields values for a wide range of rainfall thresholds and suffers much fewer discontinuities and artifacts that the empirical results exhibit. For the lower range of S and R thresholds where sample size is relatively large (i.e., <20 mm h (1) for the summer), the two sets of CEPs bear close resemblance, with both showing a relatively weak, but nevertheless substantial dependence on the threshold value for S. These findings confirm the plausibility of the semi-parametric CEP values, and demonstrate the utility of S QPEs in improving the confidence in rainfall exceedance under this framework. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Yu] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Habib, Emad] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kim, Dongsoo] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Systems Development for a NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) project [NA17RJ1229] FX This paper benefited from discussions with David Kitzmiller and Limin Wu at Office of Hydrologic Development. Greg Sheldon and Robert Corby at National Weather Service, West Gulf Forecast Center provided the DPA data, and Bob Huber from the LCRA provided the gauge reports. Two anonymous reviewers offered a number of insightful comments which help greatly improve the quality of the paper. We would also like to thank Professor Marie Laure Delignette-Muller at University of Lyon for clarifying on the usage of goodness of fit tests in the fitdistrplus package in R. The effort was partially supported by the NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Systems Development for a NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) project (NA17RJ1229). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 59 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.06.004 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 207MZ UT WOS:000323606500011 ER PT J AU Chen, H Yang, DW Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Zhang, Y AF Chen, He Yang, Dawen Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Zhang, Yu TI Hydrological data assimilation with the Ensemble Square-Root-Filter: Use of streamflow observations to update model states for real-time flash flood forecasting SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman filter; Ensemble Square-Root-Filter; Flash flood forecast; Rainfall-runoff model ID STOCHASTIC HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; SOIL-MOISTURE; SEQUENTIAL ASSIMILATION; UNCERTAINTY; FRANCE; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The objective of the study is to evaluate the potential of a data assimilation system for real-time flash flood forecasting over small watersheds by updating model states. To this end, the Ensemble Square-Root-Filter (EnSRF) based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) technique was coupled to a widely used conceptual rainfall-runoff model called HyMOD. Two small watersheds susceptible to flash flooding from America and China were selected in this study. The modeling and observational errors were considered in the framework of data assimilation, followed by an ensemble size sensitivity experiment. Once the appropriate model error and ensemble size was determined, a simulation study focused on the performance of a data assimilation system, based on the correlation between streamflow observation and model states, was conducted. The EnSRF method was implemented within HyMOD and results for flash flood forecasting were analyzed, where the calibrated streamflow simulation without state updating was treated as the benchmark or nature run. Results for twenty-four flash-flood events in total from the two watersheds indicated that the data assimilation approach effectively improved the predictions of peak flows and the hydrographs in general. This study demonstrated the benefit and efficiency of implementing data assimilation into a hydrological model to improve flash flood forecasting over small, instrumented basins with potential application to real-time alert systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, He; Yang, Dawen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang; Zhang, Yu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang; Zhang, Yu] Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yang, DW (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yangdw@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Yong Scholar [51025931]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50939004]; Ministry of Water Resources Funds for Public Welfare Industry [201101004] FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Yong Scholar (No. 51025931), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50939004), and the Ministry of Water Resources Funds for Public Welfare Industry (No. 201101004). We thank Prof. Murugesu Sivapalan of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for helpful comments. The authors would like to express their appreciation to three anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions led to significant improvement in the manuscript. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 59 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.06.010 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 207MZ UT WOS:000323606500017 ER PT J AU McGuire, BA Carroll, PB Loomis, RA Blake, GA Hollis, JM Lovas, FJ Jewell, PR Remijan, AJ AF McGuire, Brett A. Carroll, P. Brandon Loomis, Ryan A. Blake, Geoffrey A. Hollis, Jan M. Lovas, Frank J. Jewell, Philip R. Remijan, Anthony J. TI A SEARCH FOR l-C3H+ AND l-C3H IN Sgr B2(N), Sgr B2(OH), AND THE DARK CLOUD TMC-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (Sagittarius B2(N), Sagittarius B2(OH), TMC-1); ISM: molecules ID LABORATORY MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; LINE SURVEY; ASTRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS; PRIMOS SURVEY; IRC &10216; INTERSTELLAR; ION; GHZ AB Pety et al. recently reported the detection of several transitions of an unknown carrier in the Horsehead PDR and attribute them to l-C3H+. Here, we have tested the predictive power of their fit by searching for, and identifying, the previously unobserved J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 transitions of the unknown carrier (B11244) toward Sgr B2(N) in data from the publicly available PRIMOS project. Also presented here are observations of the J = 6-5 and J = 7-6 transitions toward Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(OH) using the Barry E. Turner Legacy Survey and results from the Kaifu et al. survey of TMC-1. We calculate an excitation temperature and column density of B11244 of similar to 10 K and similar to 10(13) cm(-2) in Sgr B2(N) and similar to 79 K with an upper limit of <= 1.5 x 10(13) cm(-2) in Sgr B2(OH) and find trace evidence for the cation's presence in TMC-1. Finally, we present spectra of the neutral species in both Sgr B2(N) and TMC-1, and comment on the robustness of the assignment of the detected signals to l-C3H+. C1 [McGuire, Brett A.; Carroll, P. Brandon; Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Loomis, Ryan A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hollis, Jan M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lovas, Frank J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jewell, Philip R.; Remijan, Anthony J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP McGuire, BA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI McGuire, Brett/0000-0003-1254-4817 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX The authors are grateful to M. Ohishi for providing the observational data toward TMC-1 and to the anonymous referee for very helpful comments. B. A. M. gratefully acknowledges funding by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 774 IS 1 AR 56 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/56 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205FA UT WOS:000323426700056 ER PT J AU Miller, TJ AF Miller, Timothy J. TI A comparison of hierarchical models for relative catch efficiency based on paired-gear data for US Northwest Atlantic fish stocks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-MODELS; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; MARGINAL LIKELIHOOD; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; CURVES; SHAPE AB Selectivity and catch comparison studies are important for surveys that use two or more gears to collect relative abundance information. Prevailing model-based analytical methods for studies using a paired-gear design assume a binomial model for the data from each pair of gear sets. Important generalizations include nonparametric smooth size effects and normal random pair and size effects, but current methods for fitting models that account for random smooth size effects are restrictive, and observations within pairs may exhibit extra-binomial variation. I propose a hierarchical model that accounts for random smooth size effects among pairs and extra-binomial variation within pairs with a conditional beta-binomial distribution. I compared relative performance of models with different conditional distribution and random effects assumptions fit to data on 16 species from an experiment carried out in the US Northwest Atlantic Ocean comparing a new and a retiring vessel. For more than half of the species, conditional beta-binomial models performed better than binomial models, and accounting for random variation among pairs in the relative efficiency was important for all species. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM timothy.j.miller@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1306 EP 1316 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0136 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 209LL UT WOS:000323758200005 ER PT J AU Gasper, JR Kruse, GH AF Gasper, Jason R. Kruse, Gordon H. TI Modeling of the spatial distribution of Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) in the Gulf of Alaska using generalized additive and generalized linear models SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; ACANTHIAS; POPULATION; SHARK; CATCH; PARAMETER; PATTERNS AB The Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) is a common bycatch species in the Gulf of Alaska. Their spatial distribution is poorly understood, as most catch is discarded at sea. We analyzed spiny dogfish spatial distribution from fishery-dependent and -independent observations of longline gear between 1996 and 2008 using generalized additive and generalized linear models. Poisson, negative binomial, and quasi-Poisson error structures were investigated; the quasi-Poisson generalized additive model fit best. Models showed that spiny dogfish catches were concentrated east of Kodiak Island in waters <= 100 m deep. Results facilitate design of future spiny dogfish assessment surveys and identification of areas in which to focus at-sea observations for fishing mortality estimation, and provide the basis for first-ever designation of spiny dogfish essential fish habitat, despite US legal requirements for essential fish habitat designations since 1996. Identified areas of high bycatch may expedite spatial management by indicating areas in which directed spiny dogfish fisheries could be focused or, conversely, areas in which heightened conservation and catch accounting efforts would be most effective to prevent overfishing of this long-lived, late-maturing species. C1 [Gasper, Jason R.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gasper, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Reg Off, POB 21668, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM jason.gasper@noaa.gov FU US Department of Agriculture New Crops Grant program [ALK-07-02] FX Partial funding for this research was provided by US Department of Agriculture New Crops Grant program (grant ALK-07-02). We thank the North Pacific Observer Program, International Pacific Halibut Commission, and the National Marine Fisheries Service for providing fisheries and survey catch information used in the study, and two anonymous reviewers, as well as Quentin Fong, Joshua Greenberg, and Marc Miller, for reviews of the draft manuscript. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1372 EP 1385 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0535 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 209LL UT WOS:000323758200011 ER PT J AU Hulson, PJF Quinn, TJ Hanselman, DH Ianelli, JN AF Hulson, Peter-John F. Quinn, Terrance J., II Hanselman, Dana H. Ianelli, James N. TI Spatial modeling of Bering Sea walleye pollock with integrated age-structured assessment models in a changing environment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; STOCK ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CATCH; MANAGEMENT; FISHERY; PATTERNS; WESTERN; FUTURE AB Climate change may affect the spatial distribution of fish populations in ways that would affect the accuracy of spatially aggregated age-structured assessment models. To evaluate such scenarios, spatially aggregated models were compared with spatially explicit models using simulations. These scenarios were based on hypothetical climate-driven distribution shifts and reductions in mean recruitment of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea. Results indicate that biomass estimates were reasonably accurate for both types of estimation models and precision improved with the inclusion of tagging data. Bias in some aggregated model scenarios could be attributed to unaccounted-for process errors in annual fishing mortality rates and was reduced when estimating effective sample size or time-varying selectivity. Spatially explicit models that allow estimation of variability in movement and ontogenetic parameters (specified as a random walk process) were shown to be feasible, whereas models that misspecified ontogenetic movement and climate change effects resulted in biased biomass and movement parameter estimates. These results illustrate that more complex models may characterize processes better but may be less robust for management advice. C1 [Hulson, Peter-John F.; Quinn, Terrance J., II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hulson, Peter-John F.; Hanselman, Dana H.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ianelli, James N.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hulson, PJF (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM pete.hulson@noaa.gov FU Alaska Sea Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170013, R/31-16, NA10OAR4170097, R/31-19]; University of Alaska FX This publication is the result of research sponsored by Alaska Sea Grant with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under grant No. NA06OAR4170013 (project No. R/31-16) and grant No. NA10OAR4170097 (project No. R/31-19), and from the University of Alaska with funds appropriated by the State. We also thank Milo Adkison, Brenda Norcross, Gary Marty, Jon Heifetz, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and advice. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1402 EP 1416 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0020 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 209LL UT WOS:000323758200014 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Wang, L Xie, XJ Huang, LD Wu, YH AF Zhang, Yaohong Wang, Lin Xie, Xiaojin Huang, Lidong Wu, Yihua TI Effects of invasion of Spartina alterniflora and exogenous N deposition on N2O emissions in a coastal salt marsh SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nitrous oxide emission; Spartina alterniflora; Phragmites australis; Atmospheric N deposition; Coastal marsh ID DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; NITROUS-OXIDE; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; YANGTZE ESTUARY; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; CHINA; SOIL; SEDIMENTS; AMMONIUM AB Vegetation alteration and nitrogen inputs (via run-off, atmospheric deposition, and wastewater) as a result of anthropogenic activities strongly affected the emission of N2O from coastal marshes. To gain insight into impacts of the invasion of Spartina alterniflora and N deposition on N2O fluxes, mesocosms experiments were conducted to measure N2O emissions from marshes vegetated with S. alterniflora and a native Phragmites australis, with or without exogenous N at the rates of 2.7 g N m(-2), respectively. Mean N2O fluxes during the growing season in S. alterniflora mesocosms without N addition was 9.36 mu g m(-2) h(-1), significantly higher than 6.79 mu g m-2 h-1 in P. australis mesocosms. The stimulatory effects could be attributed to higher plant biomass of S. alterniflora providing more labile organic C to the rhizosphere for nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and to more oxygen transported to the rhizosphere facilitating coupled nitrification and denitrification. N deposition increased N2O fluxes in S. alterniflora and P. australis mesocosms by 13.5% and 48.2%, respectively, suggesting that exogenous N significantly promoted N2O emissions from coastal marshes. Compared to mesocosms without N fertilization, the increase rate of total N accumulation and above-ground biomass under N addition were 63.1% and 28.0% in the S. alterniflora mesocosms, whereas 26.7% and 15.3% in the P. australis mesocosms, respectively. This meant stronger competition of S. alterniflora with soil microorganisms for the available N, leading to lower increment of N2O fluxes in the S. alterniflora mesocosms under N addition. Thus, it could be concluded that both the invasion of S. alterniflora and atmospheric N deposition dramatically stimulated N2O emissions from coastal marshes, and that N2O fluxes in the S. alterniflora marshes weakly responded to N addition. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yaohong; Wang, Lin; Xie, Xiaojin; Huang, Lidong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Agr Meteorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yaohong; Wang, Lin; Xie, Xiaojin; Huang, Lidong; Wu, Yihua] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yaohong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yihua] NOAA NCEP EMC, IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Ningliu Rd 219, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yhzhang@nuist.edu.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [41103039, 41205087, 41201515]; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture [Y052010031]; Jiangsu Natural Science Project of the University [08KJB210001, 11KJB170007]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Jiangsu Overseas Research & Training Program for University Prominent Young & Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents; Jiangsu Foreign Experts Project for Training Outstanding Young Teachers FX This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (41103039, 41205087, and 41201515), State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Y052010031), Jiangsu Natural Science Project of the University (08KJB210001, 11KJB170007). We also acknowledge the fund support of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, of Jiangsu Overseas Research & Training Program for University Prominent Young & Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents, and of Jiangsu Foreign Experts Project for Training Outstanding Young Teachers. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 58 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 207OD UT WOS:000323610200012 ER PT J AU Webster, LF Graves, DA Eargle, DA Chestnut, DE Gooch, JA Fulton, MH AF Webster, L. F. Graves, D. A. Eargle, D. A. Chestnut, D. E. Gooch, J. A. Fulton, M. H. TI Assessment of animal impacts on bacterial water quality in a South Carolina, USA tidal creek system SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Ribosomal DNA; Ribotyping; Source tracking; Fecal pollution; Microbial water quality ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ANALYSIS; FECAL ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NONPOINT SOURCES; METHANOBREVIBACTER-SMITHII; RIBOTYPE PROFILES; SEWAGE POLLUTION; SOURCE TRACKING; NIFH GENE; PCR ASSAY AB Fecal pollution may adversely impact water quality in coastal ecosystems. The goal of this study was to determine whether cattle were a source of fecal pollution in a South Carolina watershed. Surface water samples were collected in June 2002 and February through March 2003 in closed shellfish harvesting waters of Toogoodoo Creek in Charleston County, SC. Fecal coliform concentrations in 70 % of the water samples taken for this study exceeded shellfish harvesting water standards. Ribotyping was performed in order to identify animal sources contributing to elevated fecal coliform levels. Escherichia coli isolates (n = 253) from surface water samples were ribotyped and compared to a ribotype library developed from known sources of fecal material. Ribotypes from water samples that matched library ribotypes with 90 % maximum similarity or better were assigned to that source. Less than half of the unknown isolates (38 %) matched with library isolates. About half (53 %) of the matched ribotypes were assigned to cattle isolates and 43 % to raccoon. Ribotyping almost exclusively identified animal sources. While these results indicate that runoff from cattle farms was a likely source of fecal pollution in the watershed, wildlife also contributed. Given the small size of the library, ribotyping was moderately useful for determining the impact of adjacent cattle farms on Toogoodoo Creek. Increasing the number and diversity of the wildlife sources from the area would likely increase the usefulness of the method. C1 [Webster, L. F.; Gooch, J. A.; Fulton, M. H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Graves, D. A.; Eargle, D. A.; Chestnut, D. E.] Bur Water Qual, South Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Webster, LF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM laura.f.webster@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 185 IS 9 BP 7749 EP 7756 DI 10.1007/s10661-013-3132-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192LI UT WOS:000322485500047 PM 23435851 ER PT J AU Sayre, NF Kelty, R Simmons, M Clayton, S Kassam, KA Pickett, STA Chapin, FS AF Sayre, Nathan F. Kelty, Ruth Simmons, Mark Clayton, Susan Kassam, Karim-Aly Pickett, Steward T. A. Chapin, F. Stuart, III TI Invitation to Earth Stewardship SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 [Sayre, Nathan F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kelty, Ruth] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Oxford, MD USA. [Simmons, Mark] Univ Texas Austin, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Clayton, Susan] Coll Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kassam, Karim-Aly] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Pickett, Steward T. A.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Sayre, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 11 IS 7 BP 339 EP 339 DI 10.1890/1540-9295-11.7.339 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 208SV UT WOS:000323700700001 ER PT J AU Carey, S Nomikou, P Bell, KC Lilley, M Lupton, J Roman, C Stathopoulou, E Bejelou, K Ballard, R AF Carey, Steven Nomikou, Paraskevi Bell, Katy Croff Lilley, Marvin Lupton, John Roman, Chris Stathopoulou, Eleni Bejelou, Konstantina Ballard, Robert TI CO2 degassing from hydrothermal vents at Kolumbo submarine volcano, Greece, and the accumulation of acidic crater water SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LAKE ERUPTIONS; MARIANA ARC; MONOUN; OCEAN; SEAWATER; CAMEROON; DENSITY; ISLAND; NYOS AB Discharge of volcanic gases in the marine environment can lead to local perturbations in ocean acidity, with consequences for biological communities and the potential for hazards related to depressurization and release of gases at the surface. Numerous hydrothermal vents in the crater of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea) are discharging virtually pure gaseous CO2 together with clear fluids at temperatures up to 220 degrees C. Acoustic imaging of the ascending bubbles suggests that the gas is being dissolved into seawater within similar to 10 m above the crater floor (500 m below sea level). Dissolution of the gas likely causes local increases in water density that result in sequestration of CO2 within the enclosed crater, and the accumulation of acidic seawater. Lack of macrofauna at the Kolumbo hydrothermal vents, occurrence of carbonate-poor sediment in the crater, and pH values as low as 5.0 in recovered water samples point to acidic conditions within the crater. Buildup of CO2-rich water in the bowl-shaped crater of Kolumbo may be producing conditions analogous to some African volcanic lakes (Lake Monoun and Lake Nyos, Cameroon) where overturn of gas-rich bottom waters led to abrupt releases of CO2 at the surface. A minimum estimate of 2.0 x 10(5) m(3) (STP) of excess CO2 may currently exist in the bottom 10 m of the Kolumbo crater. C1 [Carey, Steven; Bell, Katy Croff; Roman, Chris; Ballard, Robert] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Nomikou, Paraskevi; Bejelou, Konstantina] Univ Athens, Fac Geol & Geoenvironm, Athens 15784, Greece. [Lilley, Marvin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lupton, John] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Stathopoulou, Eleni] Univ Athens, Dept Chem, Athens 15784, Greece. RP Carey, S (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation; NOAA/OER; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (NOAA/OER) FX Support for the operation of E/V Nautilus was provided by the Ocean Exploration Trust and its sponsors, including the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (NOAA/OER). We thank the captain and crew of the E/V Nautilus for their excellent support during the execution of cruises NA007 and NA014, and the Government of Greece for permission to work in their territorial waters. We also thank the captains and crews of R/V Aegaeo and R/V Endeavor for their assistance during joint University of Rhode Island/Hellenic Centre for Marine Research cruises in 2006, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and NOAA/OER. Art Spivack is gratefully acknowledged for his assistance with seawater density calculations and the effects of dissolved CO2. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 41 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2013 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1035 EP 1038 DI 10.1130/G34286.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 203FS UT WOS:000323277300031 ER PT J AU Ito, S Okunishi, T Kishi, MJ Wang, MY AF Ito, Shin-ichi Okunishi, Takeshi Kishi, Michio J. Wang, Muyin TI Modelling ecological responses of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) to future climate change and its uncertainty SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMIP3; SST; ecosystem model; egg production; fish growth; fish migration; global warming; Pacific saury; uncertainty ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SARDINE SARDINOPS-MELANOSTICTUS; NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION-MODEL; GROWTH; OTOLITH; FISH; ZOOPLANKTON; NEMURO.FISH AB An ecosystem-based bioenergetics model was used to investigate the responses of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) to global warming. The model was forced by the projected sea surface temperature (SST) generated by climate models that formed the bases for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fourth Assessment Report (IPCC-AR4). Twelve climate models, which reproduced the Pacific Decadal Oscillation well compared with observations, were selected and B1, A1B, and A2 emissions scenarios were used. In total, 33 ensemble simulations were conducted, of which 24 (73%) showed a decrease in wet weight of Pacific saury. The migration pattern was modified in 11 (33%) cases. In these cases, higher SST and size reduction under global warming prevented or delayed the southern migration of saury in winter. As a result, egg production was enhanced by the higher availability of prey plankton in the modified spawning region. A case study to separate the direct temperature effects was conducted, in which prey plankton density was assumed to be the same as the control run. The results suggest that an SST increase will directly reduce juvenile growth, whereas a prey plankton density decrease has an influence on the growth of adults and migration pattern, and hence egg production. C1 [Ito, Shin-ichi; Okunishi, Takeshi] FRA, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Kishi, Michio J.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Kishi, Michio J.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wang, Muyin] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ito, S (reprint author), FRA, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, 3-27-5 Shinhama Cho, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. EM goito@affrc.go.jp RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We wish to acknowledge PICES for supporting the development of the NEMURO family of models. We also wish to thank Yasuhiro Ueno, Satoshi Suyama, and Masayasu Nakagami for their fruitful advice. We also thank Anne Hollowed, the journal editor, for her useful comments and suggestions for improvements of this manuscript. This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan, through a research project entitled "Development of technologies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries". This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution # 1839. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) contribution number # 4027. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 5 BP 980 EP 990 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst089 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207KJ UT WOS:000323597000007 ER PT J AU Chang, YJ Sun, CL Chen, Y Yeh, SZ DiNardo, G Su, NJ AF Chang, Yi-Jay Sun, Chi-Lu Chen, Yong Yeh, Su-Zan DiNardo, Gerard Su, Nan-Jay TI Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on the habitat suitability of swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; equatorial Atlantic Ocean; habitat suitability index; longline fisheries; Xiphias gladius ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; FISHING GROUNDS; CATCH RATES; BLUE MARLIN; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; LONGLINE FISHERIES; EASTERN ATLANTIC AB We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model to identify the optimal habitats of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Environmental variables, including sea surface temperature (SST), mixed layer depth (MLD), chlorophyll- a concentrations, and sea surface height anomaly, as well as catch and effort data from Taiwanese longline fisheries, were used. The geometric mean model including all the above environmental variables was identified as the most parsimonious model for yielding HSI predictions coinciding with productive fishing grounds with high fishing effort. Swordfish mainly aggregated in the northwest region during March- May and spread southeast thereafter in response to seasonal shifts in oceanographic conditions. There was annual variation in the distribution of habitat patches, and the habitat quality was reduced in the northwest region of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during 2005. The apparent spatial shifts in optimal habitats might be linked to reduced MLD and elevation in sea surface height, which might be related to climate variability (e.g. Nino-Southern Oscillation and/or Northern Atlantic Oscillation). Because environmental data regarding climate change scenarios are becoming readily available, we can utilize the proposed HSI models to evaluate possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change and provide scientific advice for the development of management regulations. C1 [Chang, Yi-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu; Yeh, Su-Zan; Su, Nan-Jay] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chen, Yong] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [DiNardo, Gerard] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw OI Chang, Yi-Jay/0000-0002-7472-4672 FU National Science Council; Fishery Agency of Council of Agriculture of Taiwan [NSC99- 2628-B-002-070-MY3, NSC100-2811-B-002-075, 100AS-10.1.1-FA-F3(1)] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments. We also appreciate the financial support from PICES (North Pacific Marine Science Organization) to Y.J. Chang for attending the Second International Symposium of Effects of Climate Change on the World's Oceans, held on 15- 19 May 2012 in Yeosu, Korea. This study was partially financially supported by the National Science Council and the Fishery Agency of Council of Agriculture of Taiwan through the research grants NSC99- 2628-B-002-070-MY3, NSC100-2811-B-002-075 and 100AS-10.1.1-FA-F3(1) to Chi-Lu Sun. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 46 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1012 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss190 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207KJ UT WOS:000323597000009 ER PT J AU Su, NJ Sun, CL Punt, AE Yeh, SZ DiNardo, G Chang, YJ AF Su, Nan-Jay Sun, Chi-Lu Punt, Andre E. Yeh, Su-Zan DiNardo, Gerard Chang, Yi-Jay TI An ensemble analysis to predict future habitats of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) in the North Pacific Ocean SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE global climate models; sea surface temperature; spatial distribution; thermal preferences ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; BLUE MARLIN; ATLANTIC; TUNA; MOVEMENTS; CATCH; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY AB Striped marlin is a highly migratory species distributed throughout the North Pacific Ocean, which shows considerable variation in spatial distribution as a consequence of habitat preference. This species may therefore shift its range in response to future changes in the marine environment driven by climate change. It is important to understand the factors determining the distribution of striped marlin and the influence of climate change on these factors, to develop effective fisheries management policies given the economic importance of the species and the impact of fishing. We examined the spatial patterns and habitat preferences of striped marlin using generalized additive models fitted to data from longline fisheries. Future distributions were predicted using an ensemble analysis, which represents the uncertainty due to several global climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The increase in water temperature driven by climate change is predicted to lead to a northward displacement of striped marlin in the North Pacific Ocean. Use of a simple predictor of water temperature to describe future distribution, as in several previous studies, may not be robust, which emphasizes that variables other than sea surface temperatures from bioclimatic models are needed to understand future changes in the distribution of large pelagic species. C1 [Su, Nan-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu; Yeh, Su-Zan; Chang, Yi-Jay] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [DiNardo, Gerard] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488; Chang, Yi-Jay/0000-0002-7472-4672 FU National Science Council; Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture, Taiwan [NSC98-2611-M-002-002, NSC99-2611-M-002-013, NSC099-2811-M-002-201, 99AS-10.1.1-FA-F4(1), 100AS-10.1.1-FA-F3(1)] FX This study was funded partially by the National Science Council and the Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, through the research grants NSC98-2611-M-002-002, NSC99-2611-M-002-013, NSC099-2811-M-002-201, 99AS-10.1.1-FA-F4(1), and 100AS-10.1.1-FA-F3(1) to C-L.S NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 29 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss191 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207KJ UT WOS:000323597000010 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Barange, M Beamish, RJ Brander, K Cochrane, K Drinkwater, K Foreman, MGG Hare, JA Holt, J Ito, S Kim, S King, JR Loeng, H MacKenzie, BR Mueter, FJ Okey, TA Peck, MA Radchenko, VI Rice, JC Schirripa, MJ Yatsu, A Yamanaka, Y AF Hollowed, Anne B. Barange, Manuel Beamish, Richard J. Brander, Keith Cochrane, Kevern Drinkwater, Kenneth Foreman, Michael G. G. Hare, Jonathan A. Holt, Jason Ito, Shin-ichi Kim, Suam King, Jacquelynne R. Loeng, Harald MacKenzie, Brian R. Mueter, Franz J. Okey, Thomas A. Peck, Myron A. Radchenko, Vladimir I. Rice, Jake C. Schirripa, Michael J. Yatsu, Akihiko Yamanaka, Yasuhiro TI Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; fish; fisheries; fisheries-dependent communities; uncertainty; vulnerability assessment ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; EVALUATING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SAURY COLOLABIS-SAIRA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FUTURE CLIMATE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; FOOD SECURITY AB This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quantity and quality; (ii) impacts of changes in production and habitat on marine fish and shellfish species including effects on the community species composition, spatial distributions, interactions, and vital rates of fish and shellfish; (iii) impacts on fisheries and their associatedcommunities; (iv) implications for food security and associated changes; and (v) uncertainty andmodelling skill assessment. Climate change will impact fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities through a complex suite of linked processes. Integrated interdisciplinary research teams are forming in many regions to project these complex responses. National and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemispheric or global level. Eight research foci were identified that will improve the projections of climate impacts on fish, fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities. C1 [Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Beamish, Richard J.; King, Jacquelynne R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Brander, Keith; MacKenzie, Brian R.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Cochrane, Kevern] Dept Ichthyol & Fisheries Sci, ZA-6150 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Drinkwater, Kenneth; Loeng, Harald] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Foreman, Michael G. G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI USA. [Holt, Jason] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. [Ito, Shin-ichi] FRA, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 985001, Japan. [Kim, Suam] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Busan R 608737, South Korea. [MacKenzie, Brian R.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Ocean Life, DTU Aqua Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Mueter, Franz J.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Okey, Thomas A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada. [Peck, Myron A.] Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Radchenko, Vladimir I.] TINRO Ctr, Pacific Res Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Vladivostok 690950, Primorsky Kray, Russia. [Rice, Jake C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Sect, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [Schirripa, Michael J.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yatsu, Akihiko] Fisheries Res Agcy, Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Nagasaki 8512213, Japan. [Yamanaka, Yasuhiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Div Environm Resources, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM anne.hollowed@noaa.gov RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; Holt, Jason/B-6323-2012; Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011; Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016; publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/H-7393-2012; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-3369-3248; FU ICES; PICES; IOC FX We thank ICES, PICES, and IOC for their support and encouragement to participate in symposiums focused on climate change effects on marine ecosystems that were held in Sendai, Japan, in 2010 and Yeosu, Korea, in 2012. We thank Pat Livingston and Mike Sigler for helpful comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. We also thank Nathan Ryan who helped to compile the literature presented in Table 1. NR 183 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 16 U2 248 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1037 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst081 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207KJ UT WOS:000323597000011 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Pauly, D Sarmiento, JL AF Cheung, William W. L. Pauly, Daniel Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI How to make progress in projecting climate change impacts SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; marine; fish; modelling; projection; body size ID THERMAL TOLERANCE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; GLOBAL OCEAN; BODY-SIZE; GROWTH; FISH; FISHERIES; LIMITATION; ATLANTIC AB Scientific modelling has become a crucial tool for assessing climate change impacts on marine resources. Brander et al. criticize the treatment of reliability and uncertainty of such models, with specific reference to Cheung et al. (2013, Nature Climate Change, 3: 254-258) and their projections of a decrease in maximum body size of marine fish under climate change. Here, we use the specific criticisms of Brander et al. (2013, ICES Journal of Marine Science) on Cheung et al. (2013) as examples to discuss ways to make progress in scientific modelling in marine science. Weaddress the technical criticisms by Brander et al., then their moregeneral comments on uncertainty. The growth of fish is controlled and limited by oxygen, as documented in a vast body of peer-reviewed literature that elaborates on a robust theory based on abundant data. The results from Cheung et al. were obtained using published, reproducible and peer-reviewed methods, and the results agree with the empirical data; the key assumptions and uncertainties of the analysis were stated. These findings can serve as a step towards improving our understanding of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Wesuggest that, as in other fields of science, it is important to develop incrementally (or radically) new approaches and analyses that extend, and ultimately improve, our understanding and projections of climate change effects on marine ecosystems. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Changing Ocean Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Nippon Fdn Nereus Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Sea Us Project, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Changing Ocean Res Unit, 2204 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM w.cheung@fisheries.ubc.ca RI , William/F-5104-2013 OI , William/0000-0003-3626-1045 FU Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program; National Geographic Society; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Sea Around Us project; University of British Columbia FX WWLC and JLS acknowledge funding support from Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program. WWLC is also funded by National Geographic Society and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. DP is funded by the Sea Around Us project, and scientific collaboration between the University of British Columbia. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 46 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1074 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst133 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207WO UT WOS:000323635600003 ER PT J AU Legault, CM Brooks, EN AF Legault, Christopher M. Brooks, Elizabeth N. TI Can stock-recruitment points determine which spawning potential ratio is the best proxy for maximum sustainable yield reference points? SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE maximum sustainable yield; proxy reference points; replacement line; stockrecruitment ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; EXPLOITATION; MANAGEMENT AB The approach of examining scatter plots of stock-recruitment (S-R) estimates to determine appropriate spawning potential ratio (SPR)based proxies for FMSY was investigated through simulation. As originally proposed, the approach assumed that points above a replacement line indicate year classes that produced a surplus of spawners, while points below that line failed to achieve replacement. In practice, this has been implemented by determining Fmed, the fishing mortality rate that produces a replacement line with 50% of the points above and 50% below the line. Anew variation on this approach suggests FMSY proxies can be determined by examining the distribution of S-R points that are above or below replacement lines associated with specific SPRs. Through both analytical calculations and stochastic results, we demonstrate that this approach is fundamentally flawed and that in some cases the inference is diametrically opposed to the method's intended purpose. We reject this approach as a tool for determining FMSY proxies. We recommend that the current proxy of F40% be maintained as appropriate for a typical groundfish life history. C1 [Legault, Christopher M.; Brooks, Elizabeth N.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Legault, CM (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM chris.legault@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1080 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst105 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207WO UT WOS:000323635600004 ER PT J AU Barbeaux, SJ Horne, JK Dorn, MW AF Barbeaux, Steven J. Horne, John K. Dorn, Martin W. TI Characterizing walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) winter distribution from opportunistic acoustic data SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; cooperative monitoring; fisheries acoustics; geostatistics; opportunistic data collection; pattern description; spatial statistics; Theragra chalcogramma; time-series analysis; walleye pollock ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; SCALE; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; FISH; PREY; PREDATORS; ECOSYSTEM; SEABIRDS AB In 2003, acoustic data from 25 000 km of ship track lines were collected from two fishing vessels participating in the eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fishery. Although these data were not calibrated or collected on a systematic grid, their broad temporal extent combined with high spatial resolution facilitated the examination of the distribution and behaviour of fished aggregations. To demonstrate their scientific applicability, these data were used to identify the spatio-temporal dynamics of pollock aggregations over scales ranging from hundreds of metres to hundreds of kilometres and from minutes to months. The spatial analysis identified three levels of pollock aggregation. The largest regions of high pollock density had an average diameter of 110 km and were comparable with distinct fishing grounds identified by fishers. The next smaller areas of high pollock density had a diameter between 2.5 and 6 km. Within these areas were clusters of pollock at even higher densities. The extent of the smallest aggregations ranged in diameter from 0.1 km in daylight to 0.6 km at night. Time-series analysis identified vertical and horizontal diel changes in pollock distribution and an overall decline in pollock density over the study period. C1 [Barbeaux, Steven J.; Horne, John K.; Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Barbeaux, Steven J.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Barbeaux, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM steve.barbeaux@noaa.gov FU Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center FX The authors would like to thank Jim Ianelli and Terrance Quinn II for their work in helping develop the opportunistic acoustic data collection project in Alaska. We would also like to thank the anonymous owners and operators of the fishing vessels and fishing companies for collecting the opportunistic acoustic data. This work would not have been possible without the hard work of the North Pacific groundfish observers and NMFS observer program staff. This work was financially supported in part by a grant from the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1162 EP 1173 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst052 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207WO UT WOS:000323635600013 ER PT J AU Peterson, MJ Mueter, F Hanselman, D Lunsford, C Matkin, C Fearnbach, H AF Peterson, Megan J. Mueter, Franz Hanselman, Dana Lunsford, Chris Matkin, Craig Fearnbach, Holly TI Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation effects on catch rates of six groundfish species: implications for commercial longline fisheries in Alaska SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE depredation; groundfish; killer whales; longline; marine mammals; Pacific halibut; sablefish ID TOOTHFISH DISSOSTICHUS-ELEGINOIDES; SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; ADJACENT WATERS; SOUTH GEORGIA; SPERM-WHALES; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE MAMMALS; FISHING GEAR AB Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation occurs when whales damage or remove fish caught on longline gear. This study uses National Marine Fisheries Service longline survey data from 1998-2011 to explore spatial and temporal trends in killer whale depredation and to quantify the effect of killer whale depredation on catches of six groundfish species within three management areas in Alaska: the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands and Western Gulf of Alaska. When killer whales were present during survey gear retrieval, whales removed an estimated 54-72% of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), 41-84% of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and 73% (Bering Sea only) of Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). Effects on Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were significant in the Western Gulf only with 51% and 46% reductions, respectively. Overall catches (depredated and non-depredated sets) for all groundfish species significantly impacted by killer whale depredation were lower by 9-28% (p, 0.05). Effects on shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus) catches were not significant in any management area (p. 0.05). These results provide insight into the potential impacts of killer whale depredation on fish stock abundance indices and commercially important fisheries in Alaska and will inform future research on apex predator-fisheries interactions. C1 [Peterson, Megan J.; Mueter, Franz] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hanselman, Dana; Lunsford, Chris] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Matkin, Craig] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Fearnbach, Holly] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Peterson, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mjpeterson6@alaska.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; National Science Foundation (NSF) Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT [DGE-0801720]; NSF Arctic Social Sciences Program [1107401] FX This research received funding from the National Marine Fisheries Service, and was also supported by the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT (Award DGE-0801720), and the NSF Arctic Social Sciences Program (Award 1107401). NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 47 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1220 EP 1232 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst045 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207WO UT WOS:000323635600018 ER PT J AU Pinchuk, AI Coyle, KO Farley, EV Renner, HM AF Pinchuk, Alexei I. Coyle, Kenneth O. Farley, Edward V. Renner, Heather M. TI Emergence of the Arctic Themisto libellula (Amphipoda: Hyperiidae) on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf as a result of the recent cooling, and its potential impact on the pelagic food web SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Themisto libellula; Bering Sea; climate change ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; BARENTS SEA; ST-LAWRENCE; NORTH PACIFIC; ZOOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; GROWTH; ALASKA AB The eastern Bering Sea shelf experienced a sequence of warm years after a regime shift in the late 1970s. Following a series of unusually warm years in the early 2000s, the climate shifted again in 2007 to a series of extremely cold years that were marked by intense ice coverage and late ice retreat. Spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton communities during the recent cold period was investigated as part of the collaborative BEST-BSIERP program. An increasing presence of the Arctic hyperiid Themisto libellula, which had not been reported from the southeastern Bering Sea since the 1970s, was observed in the Middle Shelf Domain, indicating a developing structural shift in the zooplankton community in response to continuous cold conditions. Simultaneously, T. libellula became an increasingly dominant prey in the diets of zooplanktivorous fish and seabirds, demonstrating the important role for T. libellula in the pelagic food web. Our analysis suggests that T. libellula is capable of controlling copepod populations, thus it may become a potential contributor to top-down regulation of Calanus spp. in the eastern Bering Sea. C1 [Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Coyle, Kenneth O.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Farley, Edward V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Renner, Heather M.] Alaska Maritime NWR, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Pinchuk, AI (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM aipinchuk@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation as part of the BEST program [ARC-0816805, ARC-0946402, ARC-1107203]; North Pacific Research Board; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative [AYICSI-NA16FP2993] FX Zooplankton collections were supported by the National Science Foundation as part of the BEST program (Award Nos. ARC-0816805, ARC-0946402 and ARC-1107203). BASIS efforts were conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service and funded by the North Pacific Research Board and the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (Award No. AYICSI-NA16FP2993). NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1244 EP 1254 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst031 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 207WO UT WOS:000323635600020 ER PT J AU Provenzano, V Della Torre, E Bennett, LH AF Provenzano, Virgil Della Torre, Edward Bennett, Lawrence H. TI Study of Magnetizing Processes in Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler Alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Demagnetization; magnetic hysteresis; magnetization processes; magnetization reversal; nickel alloy ID ENTROPY CHANGE; MARTENSITIC PHASE; REFRIGERATION; TRANSITION AB In the vicinity of the first-order transition temperature, the Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy exhibits interesting magnetizing processes. The virgin curve at 280 K lies entirely outside the major loop, and the area of the MH loop formed by the virgin curve and the sequential descending curve is significantly larger than that of the major loop. At 275 K, the virgin curve lies slightly outside the major loop, and the area of the loop containing the virgin curve is slightly larger than that of the major loop. These differences are attributed to the different initial magnetic states of the alloy at the two temperatures. The initial state at 280 K is a mixed state, consisting of a low magnetization majority phase and a high magnetization minority phase. The initial state at 275 K is almost all the low magnetization phase. At both temperatures, a strong enough field converts the low magnetization phase to the high magnetization phase. The initial state affects the reverse transition from high to low magnetization phase upon cycling the field back to zero. The behavior of the virgin curve, major loop, and related properties is a complex function of the field and initial state. Similar behavior is expected in other Heusler alloys and other materials exhibiting first-order magneto structural transitions. C1 [Provenzano, Virgil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Della Torre, Edward; Bennett, Lawrence H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Della Torre, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM edt@gwu.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0003839] FX The authors would like to thank H. ElBidweihy, M. Ghahremani, S. Gu, and G. Kahler of George Washington University for their helpful discussions. This work is supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0003839. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 4956 EP 4959 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2258166 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 207ZU UT WOS:000323644700003 ER PT J AU Thacker, RW Hill, AL Hill, MS Redmond, NE Collins, AG Morrow, CC Spicer, L Carmack, CA Zappe, ME Pohlmann, D Hall, C Diaz, MC Bangalore, PV AF Thacker, Robert W. Hill, April L. Hill, Malcolm S. Redmond, Niamh E. Collins, Allen G. Morrow, Christine C. Spicer, Lori Carmack, Cheryl A. Zappe, Megan E. Pohlmann, Deborah Hall, Chelsea Diaz, Maria C. Bangalore, Purushotham V. TI Nearly Complete 28S rRNA Gene Sequences Confirm New Hypotheses of Sponge Evolution SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembling the Poriferan Tree of Life at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) ID CLASS DEMOSPONGIAE; PHYLOGENY; PORIFERA; SYSTEMATICS; SUPPORT; PHYLUM; RDNA AB The highly collaborative research sponsored by the NSF-funded Assembling the Porifera Tree of Life (PorToL) project is providing insights into some of the most difficult questions in metazoan systematics. Our understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the phylum Porifera has changed considerably with increased taxon sampling and data from additional molecular markers. PorToL researchers have falsified earlier phylogenetic hypotheses, discovered novel phylogenetic alliances, found phylogenetic homes for enigmatic taxa, and provided a more precise understanding of the evolution of skeletal features, secondary metabolites, body organization, and symbioses. Some of these exciting new discoveries are shared in the papers that form this issue of Integrative and Comparative Biology. Our analyses of over 300 nearly complete 28S ribosomal subunit gene sequences provide specific case studies that illustrate how our dataset confirms new hypotheses of sponge evolution. We recovered monophyletic clades for all 4 classes of sponges, as well as the 4 major clades of Demospongiae (Keratosa, Myxospongiae, Haploscleromorpha, and Heteroscleromorpha), but our phylogeny differs in several aspects from traditional classifications. In most major clades of sponges, families within orders appear to be paraphyletic. Although additional sampling of genes and taxa are needed to establish whether this pattern results from a lack of phylogenetic resolution or from a paraphyletic classification system, many of our results are congruent with those obtained from 18S ribosomal subunit gene sequences and complete mitochondrial genomes. These data provide further support for a revision of the traditional classification of sponges. C1 [Thacker, Robert W.; Carmack, Cheryl A.; Zappe, Megan E.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hill, April L.; Hill, Malcolm S.; Spicer, Lori; Pohlmann, Deborah; Hall, Chelsea] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Redmond, Niamh E.; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Morrow, Christine C.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, MBC, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Diaz, Maria C.] Museo Marino Margarita, Boca Del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. [Bangalore, Purushotham V.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Thacker, RW (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM thacker@uab.edu RI Hill, Malcolm/B-6204-2015; OI Morrow, Christine/0000-0001-5686-8747; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027767] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 3 BP 373 EP 387 DI 10.1093/icb/ict071 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205MQ UT WOS:000323448800001 PM 23748742 ER PT J AU Redmond, NE Morrow, CC Thacker, RW Diaz, MC Boury-Esnault, N Cardenas, P Hajdu, E Lobo-Hajdu, G Picton, BE Pomponi, SA Kayal, E Collins, AG AF Redmond, N. E. Morrow, C. C. Thacker, R. W. Diaz, M. C. Boury-Esnault, N. Cardenas, P. Hajdu, E. Lobo-Hajdu, G. Picton, B. E. Pomponi, S. A. Kayal, E. Collins, A. G. TI Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembling the Poriferan Tree of Life at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) ID GLASS SPONGES PORIFERA; PHYLUM PORIFERA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY; GENE-SEQUENCES; FOSSIL RECORD; EVOLUTION; HEXACTINELLIDA; CLASSIFICATION; VERONGIDA AB The most diverse and species-rich class of the phylum Porifera is Demospongiae. In recent years, the systematics of this clade, which contains more than 7000 species, has developed rapidly in light of new studies combining molecular and morphological observations. We add more than 500 new, nearly complete 18S sequences (an increase of more than 200%) in an attempt to further enhance understanding of the phylogeny of Demospongiae. Our study specifically targets representation of type species and genera that have never been sampled for any molecular data in an effort to accelerate progress in classifying this diverse lineage. Our analyses recover four highly supported subclasses of Demospongiae: Keratosa, Myxospongiae, Haploscleromorpha, and Heteroscleromorpha. Within Keratosa, neither Dendroceratida, nor its two families, Darwinellidae and Dictyodendrillidae, are monophyletic and Dictyoceratida is divided into two lineages, one predominantly composed of Dysideidae and the second containing the remaining families (Irciniidae, Spongiidae, Thorectidae, and Verticillitidae). Within Myxospongiae, we find Chondrosida to be paraphyletic with respect to the Verongida. We amend the latter to include species of the genus Chondrosia and erect a new order Chondrillida to contain remaining taxa from Chondrosida, which we now discard. Even with increased taxon sampling of Haploscleromorpha, our analyses are consistent with previous studies; however, Haliclona species are interspersed in even more clades. Haploscleromorpha contains five highly supported clades, each more diverse than previously recognized, and current families are mostly polyphyletic. In addition, we reassign Janulum spinispiculum to Haploscleromorpha and resurrect Reniera filholi as Janulum filholi comb. nov. Within the large clade Heteroscleromorpha, we confirmed 12 recently identified clades based on alternative data, as well as a sister-group relationship between the freshwater Spongillida and the family Vetulinidae. We transfer Stylissa flabelliformis to the genus Scopalina within the family Scopalinidae, which is of uncertain position. Our analyses uncover a large, strongly supported clade containing all heteroscleromorphs other than Spongillida, Vetulinidae, and Scopalinidae. Within this clade, there is a major division separating Axinellidae, Biemnida, Tetractinellida, Bubaridae, Stelligeridae, Raspailiidae, and some species of Petromica, Topsentia, and Axinyssa from Agelasida, Polymastiidae, Placospongiidae, Clionaidae, Spirastrellidae, Tethyidae, Poecilosclerida, Halichondriidae, Suberitidae, and Trachycladus. Among numerous results: (1) Spirophorina and its family Tetillidae are paraphyletic with respect to a strongly supported Astrophorina within Tetractinellida; (2) Agelasida is the earliest diverging lineage within the second clade listed above; and (3) Merlia and Desmacella appear to be the earliest diverging lineages of Poecilosclerida. C1 [Redmond, N. E.; Collins, A. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Morrow, C. C.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, MBC, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Thacker, R. W.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Diaz, M. C.] Museo Marino Margarita, Boca Del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. [Boury-Esnault, N.] Univ Aix Marseille, Marine Endoume Stn, IMBE CNRS UMR7263, F-13007 Marseille, France. [Cardenas, P.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Systemat Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hajdu, E.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Invertebrados, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Lobo-Hajdu, G.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, IBRAG, Dept Genet, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Picton, B. E.] Natl Museums Northern Ireland, Dept Nat Sci, Holywood BT18 0EU, North Ireland. [Pomponi, S. A.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Kayal, E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Analyt Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, A. G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Redmond, NE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM collinsa@si.edu RI Lobo-Hajdu, G/A-6709-2008; Hajdu, Eduardo/C-3863-2009; OI Lobo-Hajdu, G/0000-0001-7792-9609; Morrow, Christine/0000-0001-5686-8747; Picton, Bernard/0000-0002-1500-2215; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 111 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 3 BP 388 EP 415 DI 10.1093/icb/ict078 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205MQ UT WOS:000323448800002 PM 23793549 ER PT J AU Klautau, M Azevedo, F Condor-Lujan, B Rapp, HT Collins, A Russo, CAD AF Klautau, Michelle Azevedo, Fernanda Condor-Lujan, Baslavi Rapp, Hans Tore Collins, Allen de Moraes Russo, Claudia Augusta TI A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembling the Poriferan Tree of Life at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) ID PORIFERA; CALCINEA; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; NUCULA; COAST; DNA AB Most biological groups are still longing for a phylogenetically sound taxonomic organization. In this article, we aimed to verify the consistency of morphological characters in calcarean sponges of the well-known non-monophyletic order Clathrinida using a molecular phylogeny. For this we included 50 species, including six type species, currently assigned to eight different genera. A maximum likelihood topology was generated for the nuclear ITS marker using the General Time Reversible model and the bootstrap reliability test. Our topology indicated 10 clathrinid clades that included species with consistent morphological characters. In the present study, we defined nine of these clades as clathrinid genera, including four newly described and two newly diagnosed genera. Recent studies have indicated that not much phylogenetic information may be found in morphology, but our findings contradict this general assertion. Our study confirms the suitability of skeleton and body anastomosis as valid characters in a phylogenetically sound taxonomy for the order. Interestingly, we have also found that, apart from the Calcinea/Calcaronea split and a few minor details, Haeckel's original proposal is remarkably similar to our own, which was based on a molecular phylogeny 140 years later. C1 [Klautau, Michelle; Azevedo, Fernanda; Condor-Lujan, Baslavi] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Rapp, Hans Tore] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Rapp, Hans Tore] Univ Bergen, Ctr Geobiol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Collins, Allen] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, Allen] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [de Moraes Russo, Claudia Augusta] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Genet, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Klautau, M (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, BR-21941902 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br RI Russo, Claudia/I-1217-2012; Klautau, Michelle/I-2041-2012; OI Russo, Claudia/0000-0002-1252-9206; Klautau, Michelle/0000-0002-5959-0776; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; CONDOR LUJAN, BASLAVI/0000-0001-7832-7319 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 3 BP 447 EP 461 DI 10.1093/icb/ict039 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205MQ UT WOS:000323448800005 PM 23704365 ER PT J AU Hajdu, E de Paula, TS Redmond, NE Cosme, B Collins, AG Lobo-Hajdu, G AF Hajdu, Eduardo de Paula, Thiago S. Redmond, Niamh E. Cosme, Bruno Collins, Allen G. Lobo-Hajdu, Gisele TI Mycalina: Another Crack in the Poecilosclerida Framework SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembling the Poriferan Tree of Life at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) ID CLADORHIZIDAE POECILOSCLERIDA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DEMOSPONGIAE; PORIFERA; SPONGES; MITOCHONDRIAL; HYPOTHESES; NUCLEAR; ORIGIN AB This is the first phylogenetic analysis integrating both morphological and molecular data of the sponge suborder Mycalina (Poecilosclerida), which was erected in 1994. A cladistic analysis of morphology supported the monophyly of Cladorhizidae (including Euchelipluma), Guitarridae (excluding Euchelipluma), Isodictyidae, Latrunculiidae, and Podospongiidae but rejected monophyly for Desmacellidae, Esperiopsidae, Hamacanthidae, and Mycalidae. Analyses of partial 16S and partial 28S rRNA datasets combined, as well as that of a complete 18S rDNA dataset, suggest that Mycalina is not monophyletic; Biemnidae is only distantly related to other poecilosclerids; Merlia and Desmacella branch near the base of a diverse Poecilosclerida clade; Mycalidae is monophyletic (excluding Mycale [Anomomycale] titubans in 18S); and Esperiopsidae and Isodictyidae form a clade. Analyses of the two molecular datasets differed on the monophyly of Podospongiidae and about the relationship of Podospongiidae to Isodictyidae + Esperiopsidae. C1 [Hajdu, Eduardo] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [de Paula, Thiago S.; Cosme, Bruno; Lobo-Hajdu, Gisele] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Inst Biol Roberto Alcantara Gomes, PHLC, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Redmond, Niamh E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hajdu, E (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Quinta da Boa Vista S-N, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM eduardo.hajdu@gmail.com RI Lobo-Hajdu, G/A-6709-2008; de Paula, Thiago/B-4301-2014; Hajdu, Eduardo/C-3863-2009; Cosme, Bruno/R-8115-2016 OI Lobo-Hajdu, G/0000-0001-7792-9609; Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; de Paula, Thiago/0000-0003-4468-4996; Cosme, Bruno/0000-0002-1985-2540 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 3 BP 462 EP 472 DI 10.1093/icb/ict074 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205MQ UT WOS:000323448800006 PM 23798622 ER PT J AU Diaz, MC Thacker, RW Redmond, NE Matterson, KO Collins, AG AF Diaz, Maria C. Thacker, Robert W. Redmond, Niamh E. Matterson, Kenan O. Collins, Allen G. TI Phylogenetic Novelties and Geographic Anomalies among Tropical Verongida SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assembling the Poriferan Tree of Life at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol (SICB) ID MARINE SPONGES; PORIFERA; CHITIN AB Exploring marine sponges from shallow tropical reefs of the Caribbean and western Central Pacific, as part of large biodiversity (Moorea Biocode Project) and evolutionary (Porifera Tree of Life) research projects, we encountered 13 skeleton-less specimens, initially divided in two morphological groups, which had patterns of coloration and oxidation typical of taxa of the order Verongida (Demospongiae). The first group of samples inhabited open and cryptic habitats of shallow (15-20 m) Caribbean reefs at Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. The second group inhabited schiophilous (e.g., inner coral framework and crevices) habitats on shallow reefs (0.5-20 m deep) in Moorea Island, French Polynesia. We applied an integrative approach by combining analyses of external morphology, histological observations, 18S rDNA, and mtCOI to determine the identity and the relationships of these unknown taxa within the order Verongida. Molecular analyses revealed that none of the species studied belonged to Hexadella (Ianthellidae, Verongida), the only fibreless genus of the Order Verongida currently recognized. The species from the Caribbean locality of Bocas del Toro (Panama) belong to the family Ianthellidae and is closely related to the Pacific genera Ianthella and Anomoianthella, both with well-developed fiber reticulations. We suggest the erection of a new generic denomination to include this novel eurypylous, fibreless ianthellid. The species collected in Moorea were all diplodal verongid taxa, with high affinities to a clade containing Pseudoceratina, Verongula, and Aiolochroia, a Pacific and two Caribbean genera, respectively. These unknown species represented at least three different taxa distinguished by DNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics. Two new genera and a new species of Pseudoceratina are here proposed to accommodate these novel biological discoveries. The evolutionary and ecological meaning of having or lacking a fiber skeleton within Verongida is challenged under the evidence of the existence of fibreless genera within various verongid clades. Furthermore, the discovery of a fibreless Peudoceratina suggests that the possession of a spongin-chitin fiber reticulation is an "ecological" plastic trait that might be lost under certain conditions, such us growing within another organism's skeletal framework. These results raise new questions about the ecological and evolutionary significance of the development of a fiber skeleton and of sponges' adaptability to various environmental conditions. C1 [Diaz, Maria C.] Museo Marino, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. [Thacker, Robert W.; Matterson, Kenan O.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Redmond, Niamh E.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Diaz, MC (reprint author), Museo Marino, Blvd Boca Del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. EM taxochica@gmail.com; thacker@uab.edu OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 3 BP 482 EP 494 DI 10.1093/icb/ict033 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205MQ UT WOS:000323448800008 PM 23624868 ER PT J AU Fox, S Foisy, I Venegas, RD Pastoriza, BEG Graham, RT Hoffmayer, ER Holmberg, J Pierce, SJ AF Fox, S. Foisy, I. De La Parra Venegas, R. Galvan Pastoriza, B. E. Graham, R. T. Hoffmayer, E. R. Holmberg, J. Pierce, S. J. TI Population structure and residency of whale sharks Rhincodon typus at Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic; movement; philopatry; sexual segregation; site fidelity ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DIVING BEHAVIOR; INDIAN-OCEAN; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; REEF; SIZE; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION; AGGREGATION AB There were 479 reported whale shark Rhincodon typus encounters between 1999 and 2011 at the island of Utila, which forms part of the Meso-American Barrier Reef System (MBRS) in the western Caribbean Sea. The majority of R. typus were found to feed on small bait fish associated with various tuna species. Ninety-five individual R. typus, ranging from 2 to 11 m total length (L-T), were identified through their unique spot patterns. A significant male bias (65%) was present. There was no significant difference between the mean +/- S.D. L-T of female (6.66 +/- 1.65 m) and male (6.25 +/- 1.60 m) R. typus. Most R. typus were transient to Utila, with 78% sighted only within a single calendar year, although some individuals were sighted in up to 5 years. Mean residency time was modelled to be 11.76 days using maximum likelihood methods. (C) 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Fox, S.; Foisy, I.] Utila Whale Shark Res, Utila, Honduras. [De La Parra Venegas, R.; Galvan Pastoriza, B. E.] Ch Ooj Ajauil AC, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Graham, R. T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Gulf & Caribbean Sharks & Rays Program, Punta Gorda, Belize. [Hoffmayer, E. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Holmberg, J.; Pierce, S. J.] ECOCEAN USA, Portland, OR 97217 USA. [Pierce, S. J.] Marine Megafauna Fdn, Tofo Beach, Inhambane, Mozambique. RP Pierce, SJ (reprint author), ECOCEAN USA, 1726 N Terry St, Portland, OR 97217 USA. EM simon@marinemegafauna.org FU Office of Naval Research [N0270A]; Deep Blue Resort; Swiss Shark Foundation FX Thanks to all of the organizations and individuals that submitted sighting data to the ECOCEAN Global Whale Shark Photo-Identification Database, particularly the Whale Shark and Oceanic Research Center in Utila. S.J.P.'s work on this study was supported by Deep Blue Resort, the Swiss Shark Foundation and private donors. Funding for the further development of one of the software tools used in this study (the Shepherd Project) was provided by the Office of Naval Research (contract N0270A to C. S. Baker and D. Wright) as a part of the geneGIS Project. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which have improved this work. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 83 IS 3 BP 574 EP 587 DI 10.1111/jfb.12195 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 209CP UT WOS:000323732100010 PM 23991875 ER PT J AU Beal, LM Hormann, V Lumpkin, R Foltz, GR AF Beal, L. M. Hormann, V. Lumpkin, R. Foltz, G. R. TI The Response of the Surface Circulation of the Arabian Sea to Monsoonal Forcing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Boundary currents; Currents; Ekman pumping; transport; Ocean circulation; Planetary waves; Wind stress ID INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS; DRIFTERS; ALTIMETER; WIND AB Two decades of drifter and satellite data allow the authors to describe the seasonal evolution of the surface circulation of the Arabian Sea, which reverses annually with the Indian monsoon winds. This study finds several features that advance current understanding. Most significantly, northward flow appears along the length of the western boundary, together with a weak anticyclone at 6 degrees N (a precursor to the Great Whirl) as early as March or April, one or two months before the southwest monsoon winds. This circulation is driven by planetary waves, which are initiated by wind curl forcing during the previous southwest monsoon, leading the authors to speculate that there is an oceanic mechanism through which one monsoon may precondition the next. Second, the authors find that the eastward South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) is present year-round, fed by the northward East African Coastal Current (EACC). During the southwest monsoon the EACC overshoots the equator and splits, feeding both northward into the Somali Current and eastward into the SECC by looping back across the equator. This retroflection of the EACC is what was previously known as the southern gyre. At the surface, this circulation is obscured by strong, locally wind-driven, cross-equatorial transport. The semiannual variability of the SECC is governed by Ekman pumping over the equatorial gyre. Finally, there is broad, strong eastward flow at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden throughout the southwest monsoon, coincident with alongshore winds and a switch in sign of the wind stress curl along the axis of the atmospheric monsoon jet. C1 [Beal, L. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hormann, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Beal, LM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lbeal@rsmas.miami.edu RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Global Drifter Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10OAR4320156]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Vector Winds Science Team FX GF, VH, and RL were funded by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. VH was also supported by the Global Drifter Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant NA10OAR4320156. Drifter data are available at NOAA's Global Drifter Program (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac). The altimeter products were produced by Segment Sol multimissions d'ALTimetrie, d'Orbitographie et de localisation precise (SSALTO)/Data Unification and Altimeter Combination System (DUACS) and distributed by AVISO (www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs), with support from Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ocean Vector Winds Science Team and are available online (www.remss.com). High-resolution sea surface temperature data were produced by GHRSST (https://www.ghrsst.org/). NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2008 EP 2022 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-033.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 211FU UT WOS:000323891800010 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ AF Stensrud, David J. TI Upscale Effects of Deep Convection during the North American Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE North America; Convection; Rossby waves; Monsoons; Regional models ID TROPOSPHERIC JET STREAK; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MEXICAN MONSOON; SUMMER MONSOON; SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; ROSSBY WAVES; SURGE EVENT AB The ability of deep monsoon convection to influence the larger-scale circulation over North America is investigated for a 6-day-long case study during the 2006 North American monsoon. Results from Rossby wave ray tracing and numerical simulations using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model indicate that North American monsoon convection provides a source region for stationary Rossby waves. Two wave trains are seen in the numerical model simulations, with behaviors that agree well with expectations from theory and ray tracing. The shorter and faster-moving wave train moves eastward from the source region in Mexico and reaches the western Atlantic within 4 days. The longer and slower-moving wave train travels northeastward and reaches the coastal New England region within 6 days. An upstream tail of anticyclonic vorticity extends westward from the source region into the central Pacific Ocean.The monsoon convection appears to help cut off the low-level anticyclonic flow by developing low-level southerly flow in the Gulf of Mexico and northerly flow in the eastern Pacific, as suggested in earlier global model studies. However, the stationary Rossby wave trains further alter the location and intensity of deep convection in locations remote from the monsoon. These results suggest that unless a numerical model can correctly predict monsoon convection, the ability of the model to produce accurate forecasts of the large-scale pattern and associated convective activity beyond a few days is in question. This result may be important for global climate modeling, since an inaccurate prediction of monsoon convection would lead to an inaccurate Rossby wave response. C1 [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.stensrud@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2681 EP 2695 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-063.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 211FJ UT WOS:000323890400001 ER PT J AU Dias, J Dias, PLS Kiladis, GN Gehne, M AF Dias, Juliana Silva Dias, Pedro L. Kiladis, George N. Gehne, Maria TI Modulation of Shallow-Water Equatorial Waves due to a Varying Equivalent Height Background SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Inertia-gravity waves; Kelvin waves; Rossby waves; Shallow-water equations; Waves; atmospheric; Tropical variability ID CONVECTIVELY COUPLED WAVES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; KELVIN WAVES; TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE; GRAVITY-WAVES; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; DISTURBANCES; VARIABILITY AB The dynamics of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) is analyzed in an idealized model of the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The model is composed of a linear rotating shallow-water system with a variable equivalent height, or equivalent gravity wave speed, which varies in space. This model is based on the hypothesis that moist convection acts to remove convective instability, therefore modulating the equivalent height of a shallow-water system. Asymptotic solutions are derived in the case of a small perturbation around a constant coefficient, which is assumed to be a mean moist equivalent height derived from satellite observations. The first-order solutions correspond to the free normal modes of the linear shallow-water system and the second-order flow is derived solving a perturbation eigenvalue problem. The asymptotic solutions are documented in the case of a zonally varying equivalent height and for wavenumbers and frequencies that are consistent with observations of CCEWs. This analysis shows that the dynamics of the secondary divergence and its impact on the full divergence varies mode by mode. For instance, for a negative equivalent height anomaly, which is interpreted as a moister background, the secondary divergence is nearly in phase with the primary divergence in the case of Kelvin wavesin contrast to mixed Rossby-gravity waves where the secondary divergence acts to attenuate the primary divergence. While highly idealized, the modeled waves share some features with observations, providing a mechanism for the relationship between CCEWs phase speed, amplitude, and horizontal structure. C1 [Dias, Juliana; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Silva Dias, Pedro L.] Natl Lab Sci Comp, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Silva Dias, Pedro L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gehne, Maria] NCAR NESL Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dias, J (reprint author), NOAA ESRL R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM juliana.dias@noaa.gov RI Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016 OI Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962 FU NRC Research Associate fellowship; CNPQ (INCT-Climate Change) FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions and comments. J. Dias acknowledges the support by NRC Research Associate fellowship and P. L. Silva Dias acknowledges the support by CNPQ (INCT-Climate Change). NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2726 EP 2750 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-04.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 211FJ UT WOS:000323890400004 ER PT J AU Laake, JL Johnson, DS Conn, PB AF Laake, Jeff L. Johnson, Devin S. Conn, Paul B. TI marked: an R package for maximum likelihood and Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis of capture-recapture data SO METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Automatic Differentiation Model Builder; capture-recapture; Cormack-Jolly-Seber; Jolly-Seber; mark-recapture; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Population Analysis ID MODELS; SURVIVAL; ANIMALS; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATIONS; SOFTWARE AB 1. We describe an open-source r package, marked, for analysis of mark-recapture data to estimate survival and animal abundance. 2. Currently, marked is capable of fitting Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) and Jolly-Seber models with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and CJS models with Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The CJS models can be fitted with MLE using optimization code in R or with Automatic Differentiation Model Builder. The latter allows incorporation of random effects. 3. Some package features include: (i) individual-specific time intervals between sampling occasions, (ii) generation of optimization starting values from generalized linear model approximations and (iii) prediction of demographic parameters associated with unique combinations of individual and time-specific covariates. 4. We demonstrate marked with a commonly analysed European dipper (Cinclus cinclus) data set. 5. The package will be most useful to ecologists with large mark-recapture data sets and many individual covariates. C1 [Laake, Jeff L.; Johnson, Devin S.; Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Laake, JL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff.laake@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2041-210X EI 2041-2096 J9 METHODS ECOL EVOL JI Methods Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 IS 9 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1111/2041-210X.12065 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 209ED UT WOS:000323736200011 ER PT J AU Reasor, PD Rogers, R Lorsolo, S AF Reasor, Paul D. Rogers, Robert Lorsolo, Sylvie TI Environmental Flow Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Structure Diagnosed from Airborne Doppler Radar Composites SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones; Aircraft observations; Radars; Radar observations ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER JETS; INNER-CORE; PART II; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; VORTEX RESILIENCY; INTENSITY CHANGES; STORM MOTION AB Following a recent demonstration of multicase compositing of axisymmetric tropical cyclone (TC) structure derived from airborne Doppler radar measurements, the authors extend the analysis to the asymmetric structure using an unprecedented database from 75 TC flights. In particular, they examine the precipitation and kinematic asymmetry forced by the TC's motion and interaction with vertical wind shear. For the first time they quantify the average magnitude and phase of the three-dimensional shear-relative kinematic asymmetry of observed TCs through a composite approach. The composite analysis confirms principal features of the shear-relative TC asymmetry documented in prior numerical and observational studies (e.g., downshear tilt, downshear-right convective initiation, and a downshear-left precipitation maximum). The statistical significance of the composite shear-relative structure is demonstrated through a stratification of cases by shear magnitude. The impact of storm motion on eyewall convective asymmetry appears to be secondary to the much greater constraint placed by vertical wind shear on the organization of convection, in agreement with prior studies using lightning and precipitation data. C1 [Reasor, Paul D.; Rogers, Robert; Lorsolo, Sylvie] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lorsolo, Sylvie] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Reasor, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM paul.reasor@noaa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; FU NOAA base funds through the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) FX We thank Altug Aksoy, Jun Zhang, Michael Riemer, Yuqing Wang, and one anonymous reviewer for their beneficial comments that have improved the presentation and discussion of results. We thank John Gamache whose efforts in developing and maintaining the automated software used to quality control and analyze the Doppler radar data have greatly facilitated this multicase endeavor. We are also grateful for the staff of NOAA's Aircraft Operation Center whose countless hours of dedicated service over the 75 flights represented here have made this study possible. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA base funds through the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 141 IS 9 BP 2949 EP 2969 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00334.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208CZ UT WOS:000323655400001 ER PT J AU Rogers, R Reasor, P Lorsolo, S AF Rogers, Robert Reasor, Paul Lorsolo, Sylvie TI Airborne Doppler Observations of the Inner-Core Structural Differences between Intensifying and Steady-State Tropical Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Aircraft observations; Remote sensing ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; HURRICANE-BONNIE 1998; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; EYEWALL VERTICAL MOTION; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; PART II; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; FORECASTING EXPERIMENT; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE AB Differences in the inner-core structure of intensifying [IN; intensity increase of at least 20 kt (24 h)(-1), where 1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)] and steady-state [SS; intensity remaining between +/- 10 kt (24 h)(-1)] tropical cyclones (TCs) are examined using composites of airborne Doppler observations collected from NOAA P-3 aircraft missions. The IN dataset contains 40 eyewall passes from 14 separate missions, while the SS dataset contains 53 eyewall passes from 14 separate missions. Intensifying TCs have a ringlike vorticity structure inside the radius of maximum wind (RMW); lower vorticity in the outer core; a deeper, stronger inflow layer; and stronger axisymmetric eyewall upward motion compared with steady-state TCs. There is little difference in the vortex tilt between 2 and 7 km, and both IN and SS TCs show an eyewall precipitation and updraft asymmetry whose maxima are located in the downshear and downshear-left region. The azimuthal coverage of eyewall and outer-core precipitation is greater for IN TCs. There is little difference in the distribution of downdrafts and weak to moderate updrafts in the eyewall. The primary difference is seen at the high end of the vertical velocity spectrum, where IN TCs have a larger number of convective bursts. These bursts accomplish more vertical mass flux, but they compose such a small portion of the total vertical velocity distribution that there is little difference in the shape of the net mass flux profile. The radial location of convective bursts for IN TCs is preferentially located inside the RMW, where the axisymmetric vorticity is generally higher, whereas for SS TCs the bursts are located outside the RMW. C1 [Rogers, Robert; Reasor, Paul] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lorsolo, Sylvie] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Rogers, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.rogers@noaa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; FU NOAA base funds through the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) FX Our thanks go to Drs. Jun Zhang, Hua Chen, and two anonymous reviewers who provided insightful comments on this manuscript that improved the interpretation and presentation of the results. We thank Dr. John Gamache, whose work on developing and implementing the automated Doppler quality control and synthesis routines have been instrumental in performing this work. We are grateful to all of the staff of NOAA's Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) who have tirelessly and professionally collected this data over many years. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA base funds through the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). NR 80 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 141 IS 9 BP 2970 EP 2991 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00357.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208CZ UT WOS:000323655400002 ER PT J AU Vukicevic, T Aksoy, A Reasor, P Aberson, SD Sellwood, KJ Marks, F AF Vukicevic, Tomislava Aksoy, Altug Reasor, Paul Aberson, Sim D. Sellwood, Kathryn J. Marks, Frank TI Joint Impact of Forecast Tendency and State Error Biases in Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation of Inner-Core Tropical Cyclone Observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation ID MODEL; SCALES; PREDICTABILITY; HURRICANES; MOTION; HWRFX AB In this study the properties and causes of systematic errors in high-resolution data assimilation of inner-core tropical cyclone (TC) observations were investigated using the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS). Although a recent study by Aksoy et al. demonstrated overall good performance of HEDAS for 83 cases from 2008 to 2011 using airborne observations from research and operational aircraft, some systematic errors were identified in the analyses with respect to independent observation-based estimates. The axisymmetric primary circulation intensity was underestimated for hurricane cases and the secondary circulation was systematically weaker for all cases. The diagnostic analysis in this study shows that the underestimate of primary circulation was caused by the systematic spindown of the vortex core in the short-term forecasts during the cycling with observations. This tendency bias was associated with the systematic errors in the secondary circulation, temperature, and humidity. The biases were reoccurring in each cycle during the assimilation because of the inconsistency between the strength of primary and secondary circulation during the short-term forecasts, the impact of model error in planetary boundary layer dynamics, and the effect of forecast tendency bias on the background error correlations. Although limited to the current analysis the findings in this study point to a generic problem of mutual dependence of short-term forecast tendency and state estimate errors in the data assimilation of TC core observations. The results indicate that such coupling of errors in the assimilation would also lead to short-term intensity forecast bias after the assimilation for the same reasons. C1 [Vukicevic, Tomislava; Aksoy, Altug; Reasor, Paul; Aberson, Sim D.; Sellwood, Kathryn J.; Marks, Frank] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Aksoy, Altug; Sellwood, Kathryn J.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Vukicevic, T (reprint author), NOAA AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway,7451 SW 133rd St, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM tomislava.vukicevic@noaa.gov RI Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009; Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Sellwood, Kathryn/H-6500-2014 OI Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710; Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Sellwood, Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101 FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) FX The authors thank the HRD modeling group, especially Drs. Xuejin Zhang and Thiago Quirino, for invaluable support for the experimental HWRF. Thanks to Dr. Michael Montgomery for many insightful discussions that helped guide the diagnostic analyses. The authors would also like to thank Drs. Robert Rogers and Sundararaman Gopalacrishnan for their constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This study was partially supported through funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) and the HFIP computing resources. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 141 IS 9 BP 2992 EP 3006 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00211.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208CZ UT WOS:000323655400003 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK AF Potvin, Corey K. TI A Variational Method for Detecting and Characterizing Convective Vortices in Cartesian Wind Fields SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Mesocyclones; Tornadoes; Vortices; Algorithms; Numerical analysis; modeling; Variational analysis ID RADAR OBSERVATIONS; TORNADO; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; SUPERCELL; ALGORITHM; PREDICTION; RESOLUTION; FORECASTS; WEATHER AB Vortex detection algorithms are required for both research and operational applications in which data volume precludes timely subjective examination of model or analysis fields. Unfortunately, objective detection of convective vortices is often hindered by the strength and complexity of the flow in which they are embedded. To address this problem, a variational vortex-fitting algorithm previously developed to detect and characterize vortices observed by Doppler radar has been modified to operate on gridded horizontal wind data. The latter are fit to a simple analytical model of a vortex and its proximate environment, allowing the retrieval of important vortex characteristics. This permits the development of detection criteria tied directly to vortex properties (e.g., maximum tangential wind), rather than to more general kinematical properties that may poorly represent the vortex itself (e.g., vertical vorticity) when the background flow is strongly sheared. Thus, the vortex characteristic estimates provided by the technique may permit more effective detection criteria while providing useful information about vortex size, intensity, and trends therein. In tests with two simulated supercells, the technique proficiently detects and characterizes vortices, even in the presence of complex flow. Sensitivity tests suggest the algorithm would work well for a variety of vortex sizes without additional tuning. Possible applications of the technique include investigating relationships between mesocyclone and tornado characteristics, and detecting tornadoes, mesocyclones, and mesovortices in real-time ensemble forecasts. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was partly supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. Additional funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. I am grateful to Dan Dawson for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and to Alan Shapiro for serving as my graduate advisor during the research on which the present work is based. I sincerely thank Jason Naylor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 141 IS 9 BP 3102 EP 3115 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00015.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208CZ UT WOS:000323655400010 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Qin, ZK Weng, FZ AF Zou, Xiaolei Qin, Zhengkun Weng, Fuzhong TI Improved Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts by MHS Radiance Data Assimilation with a Newly Added Cloud Detection Algorithm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Clouds; Data assimilation; Regional models ID VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; AFFECTED MICROWAVE RADIANCES; SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; 1D+4D-VAR ASSIMILATION; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; SSM/I-OBSERVATIONS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; PART II; COVARIANCES AB Satellite microwave humidity sounding data are assimilated through the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis system into the Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (ARW) for a coastal precipitation event. A detailed analysis shows that uses of Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) data from both NOAA-18 and MetOp-A results in GSI degraded precipitation threat scores in a 24-h model forecast. The root cause for this degradation is related to the MHS quality control algorithm, which is supposed to remove cloudy radiances. Currently, the GSI cloud detection is based on the brightness temperature differences between observations and the model background state at two MHS window channels. It is found that the GSI quality control algorithm fails to identify some MHS cloudy radiances in cloud edges where the ARW model has no cloud and the water vapor amount is low. A new MHS cloud detection algorithm is developed based on a statistical relationship between three MHS channels and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager channel at 10.7 m. The 24-h quantitative precipitation forecast is improved rather than degraded by MHS radiance data assimilation when the new cloud detection algorithm is added to the GSI MHS quality control process. The temporal evolution of 3-h accumulative rainfall distributions compared favorably with that of multisensor NCEP observations and GOES-12 imager observations. The precipitation threat scores are increased by more than 50% after 3-6 h of model forecasts for 3-h rainfall thresholds exceeding 1.0 mm. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei; Qin, Zhengkun] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Qin, Zhengkun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 Project [2010CB951600]; NSF [AGS-1037936]; NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This work was jointly supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 Project 2010CB951600, NSF Project AGS-1037936, the NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program, and the project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The views and opinions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 141 IS 9 BP 3203 EP 3221 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00009.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208CZ UT WOS:000323655400017 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Yan, XH Jiang, YW Jiang, LD AF Chen, Zhaoyun Yan, Xiao-Hai Jiang, Yuwu Jiang, Lide TI Roles of shelf slope and wind on upwelling: A case study off east and west coasts of the US SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Upwelling age; Upwelling index; Shelf slope; Wind; Sea surface temperature; Numerical model ID NEW-JERSEY SHELF; INNER-SHELF; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; SURFACE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS AB To understand the differences in upwelling tendency between the east and west coasts of the U. S., idealized numerical experiments were performed to examine the upwelling response to wind and shelf slope. The primary results show that steeper slope leads to narrower cross-shore width of surface Ekman divergence (WSED) and larger vertical velocity, while stronger upwelling favorable wind stress induces broader WSED and larger vertical velocity. Meanwhile, the wind duration is substantial to determine both the area and intensity of upwelling off the coast. The tendencies for cold upwelling areas off each coast are compared by the upwelling age, which is defined as the ratio of the duration of upwelling favorable wind to the advection time. The advection time, defined as the time scale for cold water to be advected from the pycnocline to the ocean surface, is improved to comprise of climbing time and upwelling time. The latter is related to the upwelling divergence driven by surface Ekman flow. The depth of the switch point of these two processes is approximately 0.9D(E) (D-E is the Ekman depth). The proposed formula for the advection time is found to be consistent with estimates derived from the use of particle trajectory analysis within the numerical model results. The consideration of upwelling age shows that differences in wind forcing are more important than bottom slope in accounting for the different characteristics of upwelling areas off the California and New Jersey coasts. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Zhaoyun; Yan, Xiao-Hai; Jiang, Yuwu] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Yan, Xiao-Hai] Univ Delaware, Ctr Remote Sensing, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jiang, Lide] NOAA Sci Ctr, NOAA NESDIS STAR, E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jiang, YW (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM ywjiang@xmu.edu.cn RI jiang, Yuwu/B-8208-2012; HUANG, Shuiying/C-3117-2014; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU NASA; EPSCoR; NOAA Sea Grant in U.S.; 973 Program from the National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421200, 2013CB955700]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41076001]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China [2010121029] FX This study was partially supported by NASA Physical Oceanography and EPSCoR Programs and by NOAA Sea Grant in U.S.; by 973 Program (2009CB421200, 2013CB955700) from the National Basic Research Program of China, and by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41076001), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2010121029) in China. We would like to thank R.W. Garvine and L.C. Breaker for the initial idea on the comparison of upwelling off the eastern and western U.S. coasts in an early collaborative NSF proposal. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 69 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.06.004 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 206XF UT WOS:000323558600010 ER PT J AU Belter, CW Seidel, DJ AF Belter, Christopher W. Seidel, Dian J. TI A bibliometric analysis of climate engineering research SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE; ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE; SCIENTIFIC PAPERS; COMPLEX NETWORKS; COLLABORATION; CITATION; FERTILIZATION; COCITATION; EVOLUTION AB The past five years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of media and scientific publications on the topic of climate engineering, or geoengineering, and some scientists are increasingly calling for more research on climate engineering as a possible supplement to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. In this context, understanding the current state of climate engineering research can help inform policy discussions and guide future research directions. Bibliometric analysisthe quantitative analysis of publicationsis particularly applicable to fields with large bodies of literature that are difficult to summarize by traditional review methods. The multidisciplinary nature of the published literature on climate engineering makes it an ideal candidate for bibliometric analysis. Publications on climate engineering are found to be relatively recent (more than half of all articles during 1988-2011 were published since 2008), include a higher than average percentage of nonresearch articles (30% compared with 8-15% in related scientific disciplines), and be predominately produced by countries located in the Northern Hemisphere and speaking English. The majority of this literature focuses on land-based methods of carbon sequestration, ocean iron fertilization, and solar radiation management and is produced with little collaboration among research groups. This study provides a summary of existing publications on climate engineering, a perspective on the scientific underpinnings of the global dialogue on climate engineering, and a baseline for quantitatively monitoring the development of climate engineering research in the future. (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Belter, Christopher W.] NOAA, Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Belter, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Chris.Belter@noaa.gov RI Belter, Christopher/L-6487-2013 OI Belter, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-6880 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-7780 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 4 IS 5 BP 417 EP 427 DI 10.1002/wcc.229 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201UV UT WOS:000323169400006 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Wu, S Zhang, SQ Liu, Y Rong, XY AF Liu Zhengyu Wu Shu Zhang Shaoqing Liu Yun Rong Xinyao TI Ensemble data assimilation in a simple coupled climate model: The role of ocean-atmosphere interaction SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ensemble Kalman filter; coupled model; ocean-atmosphere interaction; coupled covariance ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTION; FORECASTS; SYSTEM; ENSO AB A conceptual coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to study coupled ensemble data assimilation schemes with a focus on the role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the assimilation. The optimal scheme was the fully coupled data assimilation scheme that employs the coupled covariance matrix and assimilates observations in both the atmosphere and ocean. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability that captures the temporal fluctuation of the weather noise was found to be critical for the estimation of not only the atmospheric, but also oceanic states. The synoptic atmosphere observation was especially important in the mid-latitude system, where oceanic variability is driven by weather noise. The assimilation of synoptic atmospheric variability in the coupled model improved the atmospheric variability in the analysis and the subsequent forecasts, reducing error in the surface forcing and, in turn, in the ocean state. Atmospheric observation was able to further improve the oceanic state estimation directly through the coupled covariance between the atmosphere and ocean states. Relative to the mid-latitude system, the tropical system was influenced more by ocean-atmosphere interaction and, thus, the assimilation of oceanic observation becomes more important for the estimation of the ocean and atmosphere. C1 [Liu Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Liu Zhengyu; Wu Shu; Liu Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu Zhengyu; Wu Shu; Liu Yun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhang Shaoqing] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Rong Xinyao] China Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Wu, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM swu33@wisc.edu RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [2012CB955201, 41130105]; NOAA FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 2012CB955201 and 41130105). SZ was supported by the NOAA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1248 DI 10.1007/s00376-013-2268-z PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203FX UT WOS:000323278000001 ER PT J AU Ho, CH Kim, JH Kim, HS Choi, W Lee, MH Yoo, HD Kim, TR Park, S AF Ho, Chang-Hoi Kim, Joo-Hong Kim, Hyeong-Seog Choi, Woosuk Lee, Min-Hee Yoo, Hee-Dong Kim, Tae-Ryong Park, Sangwook TI Technical note on a track-pattern-based model for predicting seasonal tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclone; western North Pacific; seasonal forecast; track-pattern-based model; hybrid statistical-dynamical approach ID HURRICANE ACTIVITY; TYPHOON TRACKS; CHINA SEA; REGRESSION; FORECASTS; ENSO AB Recently, the National Typhoon Center (NTC) at the Korea Meteorological Administration launched a track-pattern-based model that predicts the horizontal distribution of tropical cyclone (TC) track density from June to October. This model is the first approach to target seasonal TC track clusters covering the entire western North Pacific (WNP) basin, and may represent a milestone for seasonal TC forecasting, using a simple statistical method that can be applied at weather operation centers. In this note, we describe the procedure of the track-pattern-based model with brief technical background to provide practical information on the use and operation of the model. The model comprises three major steps. First, long-term data of WNP TC tracks reveal seven climatological track clusters. Second, the TC counts for each cluster are predicted using a hybrid statistical-dynamical method, using the seasonal prediction of large-scale environments. Third, the final forecast map of track density is constructed by merging the spatial probabilities of the seven clusters and applying necessary bias corrections. Although the model is developed to issue the seasonal forecast in mid-May, it can be applied to alternative dates and target seasons following the procedure described in this note. Work continues on establishing an automatic system for this model at the NTC. C1 [Ho, Chang-Hoi; Choi, Woosuk; Lee, Min-Hee] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Joo-Hong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Yoo, Hee-Dong] Korea Meteorol Adm, Forecast Policy Div, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Tae-Ryong; Park, Sangwook] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Typhoon Ctr, Jeju Do, South Korea. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. EM jhkim004@gmail.com RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/F-4496-2010; Kim, Joo-Hong/J-8929-2012; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015 OI Kim, Hyeong-Seog/0000-0003-2577-3301; Kim, Joo-Hong/0000-0003-3087-9864; FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-2040]; Korean government FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-2040. Mr. W. CHOI was supported by the BK21 project of the Korean government. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1274 DI 10.1007/s00376-013-2237-6 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203FX UT WOS:000323278000003 ER PT J AU da Silva, DAM Buzitis, J Reichert, WL West, JE O'Neill, SM Johnson, LL Collier, TK Ylitalo, GM AF da Silva, Denis A. M. Buzitis, Jon Reichert, William L. West, James E. O'Neill, Sandra M. Johnson, Lyndal L. Collier, Tracy K. Ylitalo, Gina M. TI Endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish bile: A rapid method of analysis using English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, WA, USA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bisphenol A; 17 beta-Estradiol; 17 beta-Ethynylestradiol; SPE; LC-MS/MS; Puget Sound ID BISPHENOL-A; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; TERM EXPOSURE; WASHINGTON; 17-ALPHA-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; MARINE AB This study describes a recently developed and rapid method to measure bisphenol A (BPA), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in bile of fish using enzymatic hydrolysis of samples followed by solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for BPA, EE2 and E2 were 6.3 ng mL(-1), 12.5 ng mL(-1) and 6.3 ng mL(-1), respectively. These compounds were analyzed in bile of male English sole (Parophrys vetulus) collected from urban and non-urban sites in Puget Sound, WA, USA. The BPA and E2 concentrations (and occurrence) ranged from 0.3-0.7) between upper-level PV at 250 hPa and precipitation over the west coast of the United States with a time lag of 0-1 days. Vertically integrated water vapor fluxes during El Nino are up to 70 kg m(-1) s(-1) larger than those during La Nina along the west coast of the United States. The zonal and meridional moist static energy flux resembles wave vapor transport patterns, suggesting that they are closely controlled by the large-scale flows and location of wave breaking events during the different phase of ENSO. C1 [Ryoo, Ju-Mee] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaspi, Yohai] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Waugh, Darryn W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Waliser, Duane E.; Fetzer, Eric J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Waliser, Duane E.; Kim, Jinwon] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ryoo, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jryoo@berkeley.edu RI Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX We give special thanks to Tapio Schneider for helping to improve the paper with insightful comments. We thank Bjorn Lambrigtsen for his support and supervision. We also thank Inez Fung for helpful discussions and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The research contributions from J.-M. Ryoo, D. E. Waliser, and E. J. Fetzer for this study were performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 17 BP 6360 EP 6382 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00297.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205AK UT WOS:000323412300010 ER PT J AU Fitch, AC Olson, JB Lundquist, JK AF Fitch, Anna C. Olson, Joseph B. Lundquist, Julie K. TI Parameterization of Wind Farms in Climate Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Friction; Surface fluxes; Surface temperature; Parameterization; Renewable energy ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE; TURBINE WAKES; IMPACTS; SENSITIVITY; STABILITY; FLUXES; POWER; HEAT AB For assessing the impacts of wind farms on regional climate, wind farms may be represented in climate models by an increase in aerodynamic roughness length. Studies employing this method have found near-surface temperature changes of 1-2 K over wind farm areas. By contrast, mesoscale and large-eddy simulations (LES), which represent wind farms as elevated sinks of momentum, generally showed temperature changes of less than 0.5 K. This study directly compares the two methods of representing wind farms in simulations of a strong diurnal cycle. Nearly the opposite wake structure is seen between the two methods, both during the day and at night. The sensible heat fluxes are generally exaggerated in the enhanced roughness approach, leading to much greater changes in temperature. Frequently, the two methods display the opposite sign in temperature change. Coarse resolution moderates the sensible heat fluxes but does not significantly improve the near-surface temperatures or low-level wind speed deficit. Since wind farm impacts modeled by the elevated momentum sink approach are similar to those seen in observations and from LES, the authors conclude that the increased surface roughness approach is not an appropriate option to represent wind farms or explore their impacts. C1 [Fitch, Anna C.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Fitch, Anna C.] Uni Res, Bergen, Norway. [Fitch, Anna C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Olson, Joseph B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Olson, Joseph B.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fitch, AC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fitch@ucar.edu RI Olson, Joseph/N-3726-2014; OI Olson, Joseph/0000-0003-3612-0808; LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 FU NORCOWE; NREL LDRD [06501101] FX We wish to thank RE power for providing the thrust and power coefficients for the 5M turbine. We express our appreciation for research funding from a variety of sources. Funding for ACF is from NORCOWE and support for JKL is from NREL LDRD 06501101. We thank Jimy Dudhia for useful discussions. All the simulations were performed on the NREL/Sandia Red Mesa high-performance computing system. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 17 BP 6439 EP 6458 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00376.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205AK UT WOS:000323412300014 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Sirutis, JJ Vecchi, GA Garner, S Zhao, M Kim, HS Bender, M Tuleya, RE Held, IM Villarini, G AF Knutson, Thomas R. Sirutis, Joseph J. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Garner, Stephen Zhao, Ming Kim, Hyeong-Seog Bender, Morris Tuleya, Robert E. Held, Isaac M. Villarini, Gabriele TI Dynamical Downscaling Projections of Twenty-First-Century Atlantic Hurricane Activity: CMIP3 and CMIP5 Model-Based Scenarios SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic effects; Climate change; Hurricanes; typhoons ID CYCLONE POTENTIAL INTENSITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; POWER DISSIPATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FREQUENCY; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT AB Twenty-first-century projections of Atlantic climate change are downscaled to explore the robustness of potential changes in hurricane activity. Multimodel ensembles using the phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B; late-twenty-first century) and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)/representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5; early- and late-twenty-first century) scenarios are examined. Ten individual CMIP3 models are downscaled to assess the spread of results among the CMIP3 (but not the CMIP5) models. Downscaling simulations are compared for 18-km grid regional and 50-km grid global models. Storm cases from the regional model are further downscaled into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane model (9-km inner grid spacing, with ocean coupling) to simulate intense hurricanes at a finer resolution.A significant reduction in tropical storm frequency is projected for the CMIP3 (-27%), CMIP5-early (-20%) and CMIP5-late (-23%) ensembles and for 5 of the 10 individual CMIP3 models. Lifetime maximum hurricane intensity increases significantly in the high-resolution experimentsby 4%-6% for CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles. A significant increase (+87%) in the frequency of very intense (categories 4 and 5) hurricanes (winds 59 m s(-1)) is projected using CMIP3, but smaller, only marginally significant increases are projected (+45% and +39%) for the CMIP5-early and CMIP5-late scenarios. Hurricane rainfall rates increase robustly for the CMIP3 and CMIP5 scenarios. For the late-twenty-first century, this increase amounts to +20% to +30% in the model hurricane's inner core, with a smaller increase (similar to 10%) for averaging radii of 200 km or larger. The fractional increase in precipitation at large radii (200-400 km) approximates that expected from environmental water vapor content scaling, while increases for the inner core exceed this level. C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.; Sirutis, Joseph J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Garner, Stephen; Zhao, Ming; Bender, Morris; Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Kim, Hyeong-Seog] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tuleya, Robert E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM tom.knutson@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/F-4496-2010; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Kim, Hyeong-Seog/0000-0003-2577-3301; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network FX We thank Ron Stouffer and Lucas Harris of GFDL, Kerry Emanuel of MIT, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on our work. We acknowledge PCMDI and the modeling groups contributing to the CMIP3 and CMIP5 model archives for generously making their model output available to the community. Funding support from the Willis Research Network for Hyeong-Seog Kim and Gabriele Villarini is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Isaac Ginis and Richard Yablonsky of the University of Rhode Island for assistance with the hurricane model ocean coupling components. NR 48 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 26 IS 17 BP 6591 EP 6617 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00539.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205AK UT WOS:000323412300023 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, Rick L. TI Determination of arsenic in food and dietary supplement standard reference materials by neutron activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Neutron activation analysis; Radiochemistry; Arsenic; Standard reference materials; Biologicals; Analytical chemistry ID BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; EXTRACTION; SPECIATION; WATER; NAA AB Arsenic was measured in food and dietary supplement standard reference materials by neutron activation analysis for the purpose of assigning certified or reference As mass fractions and to assess material homogeneity. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to value assign As in candidate SRM 3532 Calcium Dietary Supplement and candidate SRM 3262 Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) Aerial Parts down to about 100 mu g/kg. Values were also determined for two additional candidate St. John's Wort SRMs with As mass fractions < 100 mu g/kg. The presence of significant amounts of Na-24 and Br-82 limited the reproducibility of the method below 100 mu g/kg. For measurement of lower As mass fractions, a radiochemical neutron activation analysis method with extraction of As3+ into diethyl-dithiocarbamate in chloroform and detection limits down to 0.1 mu g/kg. As was used to value-assign As mass fractions for SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets and for candidate SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal, and at < 10 mu g/kg in candidate SRM 1845a Whole Egg Powder. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 297 IS 3 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1007/s10967-012-2358-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 202XZ UT WOS:000323255500008 ER PT J AU Gharrett, AJ Joyce, J Smoker, WW AF Gharrett, Anthony J. Joyce, John Smoker, William W. TI Fine-scale temporal adaptation within a salmonid population: mechanism and consequences SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; development and evolution; ecological genetics; fish; life history evolution ID PINK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; LOCAL ADAPTATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENETIC-VARIATION; PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; FRESH-WATER; CHUM SALMON; ALASKA AB We demonstrate a clear example of local adaptation of seasonal timing of spawning and embryo development. The consequence is a population of pink salmon that is segmented into spawning groups that use the same limited habitat. We synthesize published observations with results of new analyses to demonstrate that genetic variation of these traits results in survival differentials related to that variation, and that density-dependent embryo mortality and seasonally variable juvenile mortality are a mechanism of selection. Most examples of local adaptation in natural systems depend on observed correlations between environments and fitness traits, but do not fully demonstrate local adaptation: that the trait is genetically determined, exhibits different fitness in common environments or across different environments, and its variation is mechanistically connected to fitness differences. The geographic or temporal scales of local adaptation often remain obscure. Here, we show that heritable, fine-scale differences of timing of reproductive migration in a pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) resulted in temporal structure that persisted several generations; the differences enable a density-dependent population to pack more spawners into limited spawning habitat, that is, enhance its fitness. A balanced trade-off of survivals results because embryos from early-migrating fish have a lower freshwater survival (harsh early physical conditions and disturbance by late spawners), but emigrant fry from late-migrating fish have lower marine survivals (timing of their vernal emergence into the estuarine environment). Such fine-scale local adaptations increase the genetic portfolio of the populations and may provide a buffer against the impacts of climate change. C1 [Gharrett, Anthony J.; Joyce, John; Smoker, William W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Joyce, John] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM a.gharrett@alaska.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Alaska Sea Grant College Program FX We thank the National Marine Fisheries Service for their support and use of the Auke Creek facility. S. Taylor provided advice and support at the hatchery and weir technicians M. James, J. Echave and S. Vulstek collected samples and data. This work was supported by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program. R. Kovach, D. Tallmon, M. Garvin, K. Palof, C. Manhard, D. Oxman and Terrance J. Quinn provided constructive comments on the manuscript. Thomas P. Quinn's review was helpful. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 22 IS 17 BP 4457 EP 4469 DI 10.1111/mec.12400 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 206GI UT WOS:000323506400009 PM 23980763 ER PT J AU Betancur, R Li, CH Munroe, TA Ballesteros, JA Orti, G AF Betancur-R., Ricardo Li, Chenhong Munroe, Thomas A. Ballesteros, Jesus A. Orti, Guillermo TI Addressing Gene Tree Discordance and Non-Stationarity to Resolve a Multi-Locus Phylogeny of the Flatfishes (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes) SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Base compositional bias; Carangimorphariae; compositional attraction; concatenation; gene tree-species tree; multi-locus data set; non-homogeneous models; non-stationarity; Pleuronectiformes; systematic error ID BEETLE MITOCHONDRIAL PHYLOGENOMICS; RAY-FINNED FISH; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; COMPOSITIONAL HETEROGENEITY; SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; SPECIES TREES; DNA SEQUENCES; ULTRACONSERVED ELEMENTS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PROTEIN EVOLUTION AB Non-homogeneous processes and, in particular, base compositional non-stationarity have long been recognized as a critical source of systematic error. But only a small fraction of current molecular systematic studies methodically examine and effectively account for the potentially confounding effect of non-stationarity. The problem is especially overlooked in multi-locus or phylogenomic scale analyses, in part because no efficient tools exist to accommodate base composition heterogeneity in large data sets. We present a detailed analysis of a data set with 20 genes and 214 taxa to study the phylogeny of flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) and their position among percomorphs. Most genes vary significantly in base composition among taxa and fail to resolve flatfish monophyly and other emblematic groups, suggesting that non-stationarity may be causing systematic error. We show a strong association between base compositional bias and topological discordance among individual gene partitions and their inferred trees. Phylogenetic methods applying non-homogeneous models to accommodate non-stationarity have relatively minor effect to reduce gene tree discordance, suggesting that available computer programs applying these methods do not scale up efficiently to the data set of modest size analysed in this study. By comparing phylogenetic trees obtained with species tree (STAR) and concatenation approaches, we show that gene tree discordance in our data set is most likely due to base compositional biases than to incomplete lineage sorting. Multi-locus analyses suggest that the combined phylogenetic signal from all loci in a concatenated data set overcomes systematic biases induced by non-stationarity at each partition. Finally, relationships among flatfishes and their relatives are discussed in the light of these results. We find support for the monophyly of flatfishes and confirm findings from previous molecular phylogenetic studies suggesting their close affinity with several carangimorph groups (i.e., jack and allies, barracuda, archerfish, billfish and swordfish, threadfin, moonfish, beach salmon, and snook and barramundi). C1 [Betancur-R., Ricardo; Ballesteros, Jesus A.; Orti, Guillermo] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Li, Chenhong] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries & Life Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. [Munroe, Thomas A.] NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab NMFS, Smithsonian Inst NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Orti, G (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 2023 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM gorti@gwu.edu FU GWU Selective Excellence in Diversity of Life program; National Science Foundation [DEB-1004765] FX This research was partially funded by GWU Selective Excellence in Diversity of Life program (to R.B.R.); and the National Science Foundation [grant DEB-1004765 (Euteleost Tree of Life) to G.O. and C.L.]. NR 117 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 55 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 62 IS 5 BP 763 EP 785 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syt039 PG 23 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 203MO UT WOS:000323297500009 PM 23749787 ER PT J AU Stienessen, SC Parrish, JK AF Stienessen, Sarah C. Parrish, Julia K. TI The effect of disparate information on individual fish movements and emergent group behavior SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decision making; emergent properties; fish; heterogeneity; information transfer; quorum; schooling; swim metrics ID CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING; ANIMAL GROUPS; FLUORESCENT ELASTOMER; FORAGING INFORMATION; SOCIAL TRANSMISSION; COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLS; GUPPY; STICKLEBACKS; EVOLUTION AB Within a group, the level of knowledge held by any individual often differs from that held by other members. Such heterogeneity can be advantageous, potentially allowing groups to cope with situations novel to the majority. It can also affect group integrity, inciting sorting or group fission. To better understand how heterogeneity affects school structure and the physical expression of decision making, we manipulated the ratio of knowledgeable-to-naive fish within groups of giant danios, Devario aequipinnatus, and examined the relationship between collective knowledge, individual behavior, and emergent group properties. Specifically, we varied the proportion of naive fish within groups of 15 individuals, quantified horizontal trajectories of individual fish, and calculated various individual and group swim metrics. When presented with a learned signal (red light) associated with the presence of prey, groups of all-knowledgeable fish exhibited searching behavior (fast, broad turns resulting in diffusely polarized groups), whereas groups of all-naive fish remained unaffected and continued to mill (slow, tight turns resulting in greater packing and lower polarity). In heterogeneous groups, influences of knowledgeable and naive fish were unequally weighted across each measured swim metric, favoring knowledgeable behaviors (fast, broad turns), but incorporating elements of naive behaviors (greater packing). However, at a minority threshold of 20%, knowledgeable individuals conformed to the behavior of the majority and group response echoed all naive. A null model, composed of independent behaviors of knowledgeable and naive fish, predicted significantly different swim metrics from those observed, suggesting actual heterogeneous groups were performing integrated rather than separate behaviors. C1 [Stienessen, Sarah C.] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stienessen, Sarah C.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stienessen, SC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sarah.stienessen@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [BE-0313250] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (BE-0313250 to K. A. Morgansen, J.K.P., and D. Grunbaum). NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 80 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1150 EP 1160 DI 10.1093/beheco/art042 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198XS UT WOS:000322957800020 ER PT J AU Geng, T Hu, W Broadwater, MH Snider, JM Bielawski, J Russo, SB Schwacke, JH Ross, J Cowart, LA AF Geng, T. Hu, W. Broadwater, M. H. Snider, J. M. Bielawski, J. Russo, S. B. Schwacke, J. H. Ross, J. Cowart, L. A. TI Fatty acids differentially regulate insulin resistance through endoplasm reticulum stress-mediated induction of tribbles homologue 3: a potential link between dietary fat composition and the pathophysiological outcomes of obesity SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Animal model; Diet-induced obesity; ER stress; Insulin resistance; NEFA; Trib3 ID COA DEHYDROGENASE-DEFICIENCY; PALMITATE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; METABOLICALLY HEALTHY; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; LIPID-METABOLISM; SATURATED-FAT; TRB3; ACTIVATION; CERAMIDE AB Previous studies have shown that saturated fatty acids cause insulin resistance (IR) that is prevented by unsaturated fatty acids. Tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3) is a putative endogenous inhibitor of insulin signalling, but its role in insulin signalling is controversial. This study aimed to determine whether fatty acids regulate IR via TRIB3. We treated HepG2 cells with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and evaluated TRIB3 expression. We then tested whether regulation of TRIB3 occurred through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and whether modulating TRIB3 and ER stress marker genes was necessary and/or sufficient for regulation of insulin signalling. To test the in vivo significance of this mechanism, we fed mice obesogenic diets with different fatty acid profiles and assessed physiological variables of diabetes, ER stress markers and Trib3 expression in the liver. Our data show that fatty acids differentially regulate IR through ER stress-mediated induction of TRIB3. Intriguingly, a standard and widely used obesogenic diet high in unsaturated fats failed to induce ER stress, TRIB3 or IR. However, an alternative obesogenic diet with lower unsaturated fat recapitulated the cell studies by causing ER stress, TRIB3 induction and IR. This study revealed a novel mechanism linking dietary fat composition to IR. Given the emerging roles for ER stress in non-alcoholic liver disease, we conclude that dietary fat composition rather than total amount may mediate hepatic pathology associated with obesity. C1 [Geng, T.; Hu, W.; Broadwater, M. H.; Snider, J. M.; Bielawski, J.; Russo, S. B.; Schwacke, J. H.; Ross, J.; Cowart, L. A.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Broadwater, M. H.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cowart, L. A.] Ralph H Johnson Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. RP Cowart, LA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM cowartl@musc.edu FU VA Merit award; COBRE in Lipidomics in Pathobiology FX This work was supported by a VA Merit award and the COBRE in Lipidomics in Pathobiology, both to L. A. Cowart NR 48 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 2013 VL 56 IS 9 BP 2078 EP 2087 DI 10.1007/s00125-013-2973-2 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 200HV UT WOS:000323059800027 PM 23820633 ER PT J AU He, YB Zhou, W Yildirim, T Chen, BL AF He, Yabing Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Chen, Banglin TI A series of metal-organic frameworks with high methane uptake and an empirical equation for predicting methane storage capacity SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN STORAGE; GAS-UPTAKE; CO2 UPTAKE; PORE-SIZE; POROUS MATERIALS; SITES; SEPARATION; SELECTIVITY AB A series of metal-organic frameworks (NOTT-100a (MOF-505a), NOTT-101a, NOTT-102a, NOTT-103a and NOTT-109a) with variable open copper sites and micropore spaces have been examined as potential adsorbents for methane storage. They exhibit high adsorption capacities for methane at 300 K and 35 bar (181-196 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3)). Supposing that the deliverable amount of methane is defined as the difference in the amount of methane adsorbed between 5 bar and 35 bar, NOTT-101a, NOTT-102a and NOTT-103a exhibit excellent deliverable capacities of methane (136-140 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3)), comparable to the highest of all previously reported MOF materials. The gravimetric methane uptake in this MOF series systematically increases with increasing porosity, while their methane storage pore occupancy decreases with increasing pore size. The fact that gravimetric methane uptakes correlate well with their corresponding pore volumes enables us to derive an empirical equation: C = 126.69 x V-p(2) + 381.62 x V-p - 12.57, where C is the excess gravimetric methane storage capacity at 35 bar and 300 K in cm(3) (STP) g(-1), and V-p is the pore volume of a MOF material in cm(3) g(-1). This empirical equation can predict the methane storage performance of previously reported microporous MOF materials of V-p less than 1.50 cm(3) g(-1) reasonably well, and thus provides a convenient method to screen MOFs for methane storage purposes. C1 [He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP He, YB (reprint author), Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; FU Welch Foundation; DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). T. Y. acknowledges partial support from the DOE BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 82 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 15 U2 189 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2735 EP 2744 DI 10.1039/c3ee41166d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202FD UT WOS:000323198100023 ER PT J AU Ying, T Gates, R AF Ying, Tony Gates, Richard TI Nanotribology Application in the Coining Industry (II)Optimization of Lubricant Film Formation on Blanks SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Additives; Burnishing; Forming; Friction; FTIR; Lubrication; Nanotribology; Rust Inhibitor; Tribochemistry ID COPPER SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; ACID AB A new method has been developed to lubricate metal coin blanks during the coin production process. The lubricant is formed on the metal surfaces as a monomolecular film during burnishing, which provides an exceptional combination of chemical and tribological environments needed to promote reaction. Laboratory-scale burnishing simulations combined with surface analysis indicated the composition and nature of the films formed. A comparison of reactions on metal surfaces with and without burnishing confirmed the importance of the tribochemical process to the successful lubrication of the blanks. Implementation of this lubrication procedure to production lines has improved the surface quality of the coins and tripled the die life, resulting in considerable cost savings. C1 [Ying, Tony] US Mint, Washington, DC 20220 USA. [Gates, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ying, T (reprint author), US Mint, 801 9th St NW, Washington, DC 20220 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 56 IS 5 BP 749 EP 758 DI 10.1080/10402004.2013.797530 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 196IK UT WOS:000322767500005 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Alexander, LV Allen, MR Anel, JA Barriopedro, D Black, MT Carey-Smith, T Castillo, R Cattiaux, J Chen, XL Chen, XY Chevallier, M Christidis, N Ciavarella, A de Vries, H Dean, SM Deans, K Diffenbaugh, NS Doblas-Reyes, F Donat, MG Dong, B Eilerts, G Funk, C Galu, G Garcia-Herrera, R Germe, A Gill, S Gimeno, L Guemas, V Herring, SC Hoell, A Hoerling, MP Huntingford, C Husak, G Imada, Y Ishii, M Karoly, DJ Kimoto, M King, AD Knutson, TR Lewis, SC Lin, RP Lyon, B Massey, N Mazza, E Michaelsen, J Mollard, J Mori, M Mote, PW Nieto, R Otto, FEL Park, J Perkins, SE Rosier, S Rowland, J Rupp, DE Salas y Melia, D Scherer, M Shiogama, H Shukla, S Song, FF Sparrow, S Scott, PA Sutton, R Sweet, W Tett, SFB Trigo, RM van Oldenborgh, GJ van Westrhenen, R Verdin, J Watanabe, M Wittenberg, AT Woollings, T Yiou, P Zeng, FR Zervas, C Zhang, R Zhou, TJ AF Peterson, Thomas C. Alexander, Lisa V. Allen, Myles R. Anel, Juan A. Barriopedro, David Black, Mitchell T. Carey-Smith, Trevor Castillo, Rodrigo Cattiaux, Julien Chen, Xiaolong Chen, Xianyan Chevallier, Matthieu Christidis, Nikolaos Ciavarella, Andrew de Vries, Hylke Dean, Sam M. Deans, Kirsten Diffenbaugh, Noah S. Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Donat, Markus G. Dong, Buwen Eilerts, Gary Funk, Chris Galu, Gideon Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo Germe, Agathe Gill, Stephen Gimeno, Luis Guemas, Virginie Herring, Stephanie C. Hoell, Andrew Hoerling, Martin P. Huntingford, Chris Husak, Greg Imada, Yukiko Ishii, Masayoshi Karoly, David J. Kimoto, Masahide King, Andrew D. Knutson, Thomas R. Lewis, Sophie C. Lin, Renping Lyon, Bradfield Massey, Neil Mazza, Edoardo Michaelsen, Joel Mollard, James Mori, Masato Mote, Philip W. Nieto, Raquel Otto, Friederike E. L. Park, Joseph Perkins, Sarah E. Rosier, Suzanne Rowland, James Rupp, David E. Salas y Melia, David Scherer, Martin Shiogama, Hideo Shukla, Shraddhanand Song, Fengfei Sparrow, Sarah Scott, Peter A. Sutton, Rowan Sweet, William Tett, Simon F. B. Trigo, Ricardo Machado van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan van Westrhenen, Rudolf Verdin, James Watanabe, Masahiro Wittenberg, Andrew T. Woollings, Tim Yiou, Pascal Zeng, Fanrong Zervas, Chris Zhang, Rong Zhou, Tianjun TI EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2012 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; HURRICANE SURGE THREAT; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HEAT WAVES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT-PLAINS; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Perkins, Sarah E.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Perkins, Sarah E.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Allen, Myles R.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England. [Allen, Myles R.; Massey, Neil; Rosier, Suzanne; Sparrow, Sarah] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Anel, Juan A.; Massey, Neil] Univ Oxford, Smith Sch Enterprise & Environm, Oxford, England. [Anel, Juan A.; Castillo, Rodrigo; Gimeno, Luis; Nieto, Raquel] Univ Vigo, Fac Sci, EPhysLab, Orense, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] Univ Complutense, Fac Fis, Dto Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] IGEO CSIC UCM, Inst Geociencias, Madrid, Spain. [Black, Mitchell T.; Karoly, David J.; Lewis, Sophie C.] Univ Melbourne, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Black, Mitchell T.; Karoly, David J.; Lewis, Sophie C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Carey-Smith, Trevor; Dean, Sam M.; Rosier, Suzanne] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Cattiaux, Julien] UMR CNRS Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Chen, Xiaolong; Lin, Renping; Song, Fengfei; Zhou, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianyan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Germe, Agathe; Guemas, Virginie; Salas y Melia, David] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grp Etude Atmosphere Meteorol, Meteo, France. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Germe, Agathe; Guemas, Virginie; Salas y Melia, David] CNRS, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. [Chevallier, Matthieu] MERCATOR OCEAN, Toulouse, France. [Christidis, Nikolaos; Ciavarella, Andrew; Scott, Peter A.] Met Office Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [de Vries, Hylke; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; van Westrhenen, Rudolf] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Deans, Kirsten; Mazza, Edoardo; Mollard, James; Tett, Simon F. B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA USA. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco; Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Dong, Buwen; Sutton, Rowan; Woollings, Tim] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Eilerts, Gary] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Funk, Chris; Hoell, Andrew; Husak, Greg; Michaelsen, Joel; Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris; Rowland, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Galu, Gideon] FEWS NET, Climate Hazards Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gill, Stephen; Park, Joseph; Sweet, William; Zervas, Chris] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv COOPS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Huntingford, Chris] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Imada, Yukiko; Kimoto, Masahide; Mori, Masato; Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. [Knutson, Thomas R.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhang, Rong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lyon, Bradfield] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Mote, Philip W.; Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Otto, Friederike E. L.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Shiogama, Hideo] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Trigo, Ricardo Machado] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, IDL, Lisbon, Portugal. [Verdin, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Yiou, Pascal] CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR 8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Yiou, Pascal] IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mollard, James] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Thomas.C.Peterson@noaa.gov RI Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Sparrow, Sarah/D-7905-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011; renping, lin/B-8432-2017; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; Dean, Sam/F-7711-2011; Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Shiogama, Hideo/B-9598-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Tett, Simon/B-1504-2013; Huntingford, Chris/A-4307-2008; Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah/O-5042-2015 OI Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Sparrow, Sarah/0000-0002-1802-6909; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457; renping, lin/0000-0003-2050-9413; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279; Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Shiogama, Hideo/0000-0001-5476-2148; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Tett, Simon/0000-0001-7526-560X; Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah/0000-0001-9443-4915 NR 235 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 11 U2 63 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP S1 EP S74 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1 PG 74 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227SQ UT WOS:000325135100001 ER PT J AU Lanman, CW Lundquist, K Perryman, H Asarian, JE Dolman, B Lanman, RB Pollock, MM AF Lanman, Christopher W. Lundquist, Kate Perryman, Heidi Asarian, J. Eli Dolman, Brock Lanman, Richard B. Pollock, Michael M. TI The historical range of beaver (Castor canadensis) in coastal California: an updated review of the evidence SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article DE beaver; California; Castor canadensis; fur trade; historic range; San Francisco Bay ID SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION; DAMS; HABITAT; CHANNEL; WOLVES; FIBER AB The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) has not been considered native to the watersheds of coastal California or the San Francisco Bay Area. These assertions form the basis of current wildlife management policies regarding that aquatic mammal, and they date to the first half of the 20th century. This review challenges those long-held assumptions based on verifiable (physical) and documented (reliable observational) records. Novel findings are facilitated by recently digitized information largely inaccessible prior to the 21st century. Understanding that beaver are native to California's coastal watersheds is important, as their role in groundwater recharge, repair of stream channel incision, and restoration of wetlands may be critically important to the conservation of threatened salmonids, as well as endangered amphibians and riparian-dependent birds. C1 [Lanman, Christopher W.; Lanman, Richard B.] Inst Hist Ecol, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. [Lundquist, Kate; Dolman, Brock] WATER Inst, Occidental Arts & Ecol Ctr, Occidental, CA 95465 USA. [Perryman, Heidi] Worth Dam, Lafayette, CA 94549 USA. [Asarian, J. Eli] Riverbend Sci, Weaverville, CA 96093 USA. [Pollock, Michael M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lanman, RB (reprint author), Inst Hist Ecol, 556 Van Buren St, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. EM ricklanman@gmail.com NR 127 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 26 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2013 VL 99 IS 4 BP 193 EP 221 PG 29 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA AR0PT UT WOS:000343274500004 ER PT J AU Lewand, KO Hyde, JR Buonaccorsi, VP Lea, RN AF Lewand, Kevin O. Hyde, John R. Buonaccorsi, Vince P. Lea, Robert N. TI Orange coloration in a black-and-yellow rockfish (Sebastes chrysomelas) from central California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Editorial Material DE abnormal coloration; black-and-yellow rockfish; Sebastes chrysomelas C1 [Lewand, Kevin O.] Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Hyde, John R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Buonaccorsi, Vince P.] Von Liebig Sci Ctr, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Lea, Robert N.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Lea, Robert N.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Lewand, KO (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM klewand@mbayaq.org NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2013 VL 99 IS 4 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA AR0PT UT WOS:000343274500007 ER PT J AU Wayman, JL Possolo, A Mansfield, AJ AF Wayman, James L. Possolo, Antonio Mansfield, Anthony J. TI Modern statistical and philosophical framework for uncertainty assessment in biometric performance testing SO IET BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION EVIDENCE AB The question of estimating uncertainty in measurement is fundamental to all scientific fields. In the field of automated human recognition, lack of repeatability and reproducibility of measurements has been noted since at least the 1970s. This study discusses current approaches to estimation of measurement uncertainty within the broader context of scientific philosophy and measurement science. The authors discuss the Duhem-Quine thesis on testing holism and international standards on estimating and reporting uncertainty in laboratory measurements, then apply these concepts to the estimation of uncertainty in technology, scenario and operational testing in biometrics. The authors advocate for moving beyond the calculation of 'coverage' intervals as defined in the ISO/IEC 'guidelines for the expression of uncertainty in measurement' to full application of the concepts of uncertainty assessment. C1 [Wayman, James L.] San Jose State Univ, Off Grad Studies & Res, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Possolo, Antonio] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mansfield, Anthony J.] Natl Phys Lab, Ctr Math & Sci Comp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Wayman, JL (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Off Grad Studies & Res, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM jlwayman@aol.com NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 2047-4938 EI 2047-4946 J9 IET BIOMETRICS JI IET Biom. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 2 IS 3 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1049/iet-bmt.2013.0009 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AW9FP UT WOS:000346563100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Gross, JL McAllister, TP AF Zhang, Chao Gross, John L. McAllister, Therese P. TI Lateral torsional buckling of steel W-beams subjected to localized fires SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lateral torsional buckling; Steel beam; Localized fire; Critical temperature; Non-uniform temperature distribution; Numerical investigation ID I-BEAMS; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; MEMBERS AB Current design approaches to assess the lateral torsional buckling capacity of steel beams in fire are based on the assumption of uniform steel temperature. This paper investigates the effect of temperature gradients on the lateral torsional buckling behavior of steel wide flange (W) beams in fire conditions. The effects of localized fires and the temperature gradients they produce in steel beams were studied. Laterally unrestrained beams of various dimensions were subjected to a range of load ratios. The location of the localized fire was varied to provide different heating conditions. The standard ISO834 fire, and a uniform temperature condition in which the steel temperature was ramped linearly were used for comparison. The study shows that temperature gradients within a steel W-beam may have a detrimental effect on the lateral torsional buckling capacity of the beams in fire. The critical temperature, defined as the maximum temperature in a steel beam at which the beam undergoes lateral torsional buckling, in real fires may be hundreds of degrees lower than that in the standard ISO834 fire. The critical temperature in real fires may also be lower than that in the uniform heating condition. Design approaches based on the standard ISO834 fire or uniform steel temperature assumption may give unconservative results if the potential real fires are localized fires. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Chao; Gross, John L.; McAllister, Therese P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chao.zhang@nist.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X EI 1873-5983 J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 88 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.06.004 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 203LC UT WOS:000323293700029 ER EF