FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Wenzel, L
Gass, J
D'Iorio, M
Blackburn, J
AF Wenzel, Lauren
Gass, Jordan
D'Iorio, Mimi
Blackburn, Jason
TI A national perspective on the role of Marine Protected Areas in
sustaining fisheries
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine protected areas; Fisheries; Sustainable production; Cashes Ledge;
Flower Garden Banks; Sitka Pinnacles; Charleston Bump; Hancock Seamount;
Participatory GIS
AB Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been used by traditional cultures for generations as a means to sustain local fisheries for food security. In more recent decades, MPAs have been used by coastal and ocean managers to protect special areas for a wide range of purposes - protecting threatened or rare species, conserving areas for biological diversity and other ecological functions, setting aside areas for recreation - as well as a fisheries management tool. While the role of an MPA in protecting species or biological diversity is fairly well understood, their role as fisheries management tools is more complex and controversial. This paper provides an overview of the use of MPAs as a fisheries management tool in the United States, drawing on the comprehensive MPA Inventory developed and maintained by the National Marine Protected Areas Center (MPA Center). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Wenzel, Lauren; Gass, Jordan; D'Iorio, Mimi] NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
[Blackburn, Jason] NOAA, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Washington, DC USA.
RP Wenzel, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM Lauren.wenzel@noaa.gov
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 31
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 144
SI SI
BP 23
EP 27
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.09.002
PG 5
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 154BW
UT WOS:000319647500004
ER
PT J
AU Ault, JS
Smith, SG
Bohnsack, JA
Luo, JG
Zurcher, N
McClellan, DB
Ziegler, TA
Hallac, DE
Patterson, M
Feeley, MW
Ruttenberg, BI
Hunt, J
Kimball, D
Causey, B
AF Ault, Jerald S.
Smith, Steven G.
Bohnsack, James A.
Luo, Jiangang
Zurcher, Natalia
McClellan, David B.
Ziegler, Tracy A.
Hallac, David E.
Patterson, Matt
Feeley, Michael W.
Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.
Hunt, John
Kimball, Dan
Causey, Billy
TI Assessing coral reef fish population and community changes in response
to marine reserves in the Dry Tortugas, Florida, USA
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Florida Keys; Sustainable fisheries; Coral reefs; Marine reserves;
Mycteroperca bonaci; Lutjanus analis
ID PROTECTED AREAS; ECOLOGICAL-RESERVE; LARVAL RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT;
FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; LENGTH; KEYS
AB The efficacy of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) to enhance and sustain regional coral reef fisheries was assessed in Dry Tortugas, Florida, through 9 annual fishery-independent research surveys spanning 2 years before and 10 years after NTMR implementation. A probabilistic sampling design produced precise estimates of population metrics of more than 250 exploited and non-target reef fishes. During the survey period more than 8100 research dives utilizing SCUBA Nitrox were optimally allocated using stratified random sampling. The survey domain covered 326 km(2), comprised of eight reef habitats in four management areas that offered different levels of resource protection: the Tortugas North Ecological Reserve (a NTMR), Dry Tortugas National Park (recreational angling only), Dry Tortugas National Park Research Natural Area (a NTMR), and southern Tortugas Bank (open to all types of fishing). Surveys detected significant changes in population occupancy, density, and abundance within management zones for a suite of exploited and non-target species. Increases in size, adult abundance, and occupancy rates were detected for many principal exploited species in protected areas, which harbored a disproportionately greater number of adult spawning fishes. In contrast, density and occupancy rates for aquaria and non-target reef fishes fluctuated above and below baseline levels in each management zone. Observed decreases in density of exploited species below baseline levels only occurred at the Tortugas Bank area open to all fishing. Our findings indicate that these NTMRs, in conjunction with traditional fishery management control strategies, are helping to build sustainable fisheries while protecting the fundamental ecological dynamics of the Florida Keys coral-reef ecosystem. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ault, Jerald S.; Smith, Steven G.; Luo, Jiangang; Zurcher, Natalia] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Bohnsack, James A.; McClellan, David B.; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Kimball, Dan] Natl Pk Serv, Everglades Dry Tortugas Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33034 USA.
[Hallac, David E.] Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Ctr Resources, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA.
[Patterson, Matt; Feeley, Michael W.] Natl Pk Serv, South Florida Caribbean Network, Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 USA.
[Hunt, John] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Marathon, FL 33050 USA.
[Ziegler, Tracy A.; Causey, Billy] Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key West, FL 33040 USA.
RP Ault, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM jault@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008; Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012
OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007;
FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA National Marine Fisheries
Service; Dry Tortugas National Park; Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
FX Funding was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and the Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission.
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 10
U2 79
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 144
SI SI
BP 28
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.10.007
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 154BW
UT WOS:000319647500005
ER
PT J
AU Hoving, HJT
Gilly, WF
Markaida, U
Benoit-Bird, KJ
Brown, ZW
Daniel, P
Fieldk, JC
Parassenti, L
Liu, BL
Campos, B
AF Hoving, Henk-Jan T.
Gilly, William F.
Markaida, Unai
Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.
Brown, Zachary W.
Daniel, Patrick
Fieldk, John C.
Parassenti, Liz
Liu, Bilin
Campos, Bernardita
TI Extreme plasticity in life-history strategy allows a migratory predator
(jumbo squid) to cope with a changing climate
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE El Nino; jumbo squid; maturation; migration; range extension
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS CEPHALOPODA; EL-NINO EVENT; HUMBOLDT
CURRENT SYSTEM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FLYING SQUID; PERUVIAN WATERS;
REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SEXUAL-MATURATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
AB Dosidicus gigas (jumbo or Humboldt squid) is a semelparous, major predator of the eastern Pacific that is ecologically and commercially important. In the Gulf of California, these animals mature at large size (>55cm mantle length) in 1-1.5years and have supported a major commercial fishery in the Guaymas Basin during the last 20years. An El Nino event in 2009-2010, was accompanied by a collapse of this fishery, and squid in the region showed major changes in the distribution and life-history strategy. Large squid abandoned seasonal coastal-shelf habitats in 2010 and instead were found in the Salsipuedes Basin to the north, an area buffered from the effects of El Nino by tidal upwelling and a well-mixed water column. The commercial fishery also relocated to this region. Although large squid were not found in the Guaymas Basin from 2010 to 2012, small squid were abundant and matured at an unusually small mantle-length (<30cm) and young age (approximately 6months). Juvenile squid thus appeared to respond to El Nino with an alternative life-history trajectory in which gigantism and high fecundity in normally productive coastal-shelf habitats were traded for accelerated reproduction at small size in an offshore environment. Both small and large mature squid, were present in the Salsipuedes Basin during 2011, indicating that both life- history strategies can coexist. Hydro-acoustic data, reveal that squid biomass in this study area nearly doubled between 2010 and 2011, primarily due to a large increase in small squid that were not susceptible to the fishery. Such a climate-driven switch in size-at-maturity may allow D. gigas to rapidly adapt to and cope with El Nino. This ability is likely to be an important factor in conjunction with longerterm climate-change and the potential ecological impacts of this invasive predator on marine ecosystems.
C1 [Hoving, Henk-Jan T.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Gilly, William F.; Daniel, Patrick] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Markaida, Unai] CONACyT, Colegio Frontera Sur, Ciudad Ind Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico.
[Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.] Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Brown, Zachary W.; Parassenti, Liz] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Fieldk, John C.] NOAA Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Liu, Bilin] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Lingang New City, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[Campos, Bernardita] Univ Valparaiso, Vina Del Mar, Chile.
RP Hoving, HJT (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM hjhoving@mbari.org
RI Markaida, Unai/B-1288-2013
OI Markaida, Unai/0000-0001-6655-4979
FU National Science Foundation [OCE0851239, OCE0526640/0850839]; California
Sea Grant; Ocean Protection Council [ROPCFISH-06]; National Geographic
Society Committee of Research and Exploration; David and Lucile Packard
Foundation; Census of Marine Life's Tagging of Pacific Pelagics project;
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Schure
Beijerinck-Popping Funds (KNAW); Stanford University
FX We thank the many participants who assisted with squid sampling and
other activities as well as the captains and crew of research vessels
New Horizon (Scripps Institute of Oceanography), BIPXII (CIBNOR,
Guaymas) and Pacific Storm (Bruce Mate, Oregon State University Marine
Mammal Institute). We also thank the captains and crew of the National
Geographic Seabird (Lindblad Expeditions), Don Jose (Baja Expeditions)
and Jurel XI and Cesar Salinas for assistance, Xinjun Chen for
discussion and sharing data, and Brad Seibel, Chief Scientist for the
New Horizon cruises. Bruce Robison is thanked for his support as mentor
during HJH's \ MBARI postdoctoral fellowship during which this study was
undertaken. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation
(OCE0851239 to KBB and OCE0526640/0850839 to WFG, California Sea Grant
and Ocean Protection Council (ROPCFISH-06), the National Geographic
Society Committee of Research and Exploration, the David and Lucile
Packard Foundation, the Census of Marine Life's Tagging of Pacific
Pelagics project, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
(NWO) and the Schure Beijerinck-Popping Funds (KNAW). We acknowledge
support by Stanford University and contributions of the 2010 Holistic
Biology class and Jorge Ramos, particularly projects by E. Dannenberg,
M. Ream and M. Wachtel and the MS thesis of L. Parassenti.
NR 113
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 14
U2 101
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 19
IS 7
BP 2089
EP 2103
DI 10.1111/gcb.12198
PG 15
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 158IT
UT WOS:000319963500010
PM 23505049
ER
PT J
AU Gao, YW
Conrad, R
Bean, D
Noakes, DLG
AF Gao, Yongwen
Conrad, Robert
Bean, David
Noakes, David L. G.
TI Statistical analysis on otolith data of anadromous fishes
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Stable isotope analysis; delta O-18 and delta C-13 data; Statistical
tests; Atlantic salmon; Sockeye salmon
ID O-18 ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; COD GADUS-MORHUA; HIPPOGLOSSUS-STENOLEPIS;
BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; PACIFIC HALIBUT; REGIME SHIFT; OXYGEN;
IDENTIFICATION; STOCKS; SIGNATURES
AB Stable oxygen and carbon isotope (delta O-18 and delta C-13) analyses of otoliths are becoming increasingly common in fisheries science and management. However, little is known about the statistical properties of isotopic data and few attempts have been made to explore appropriate statistical methods that could be used for otolith data analysis. In this paper, we present a pilot study on delta O-18 and delta C-13 data from otoliths of two anadromous fish species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Pacific sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The results indicated that the salmon otolith data were not normally distributed, so that linear discriminant function analysis and commonly-used statistical tests such as ANOVA and the t-test may not be appropriate. Using non-parametric k-sample nearest neighbor discriminant analysis, we were able to discriminate with high accuracy among five hatcheries for Atlantic salmon and the origins of wild and hatchery sockeye salmon. Analyses also indicated that the sample sizes required to estimate delta O-18 and delta C-13 means based on the different sources of variability (between group or within group) and precision levels (a parts per thousand currency sign +/- 5.0 %) were not large. These results and conclusions not only address the statistical considerations of isotopic data from otoliths, but also have practical importance for fisheries management as well.
C1 [Gao, Yongwen] Makah Fisheries Management, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA.
[Gao, Yongwen] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Conrad, Robert] Northwest Indian Fisheries Commiss, Olympia, WA 98516 USA.
[Bean, David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA.
[Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Gao, YW (reprint author), Makah Fisheries Management, POB 115, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA.
EM gaoy@olypen.com
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 46
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 96
IS 7
BP 799
EP 810
DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0072-8
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 153OK
UT WOS:000319611600001
ER
PT J
AU Nosal, AP
Cartamil, DC
Long, JW
Luhrmann, M
Wegner, NC
Graham, JB
AF Nosal, A. P.
Cartamil, D. C.
Long, J. W.
Luehrmann, M.
Wegner, N. C.
Graham, J. B.
TI Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis
semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the
open coast of southern California, USA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Shark aggregation; Acoustic telemetry; Sexual segregation; Site
fidelity; Marine reserve; Wave height
ID SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS; GINGLYMOSTOMA-CIRRATUM; ELASMOBRANCH
FISHES; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; ELKHORN SLOUGH; FOOD-HABITS; REEF SHARK;
HOME-RANGE; BAY; BEHAVIOR
AB The demography, spatial distribution, and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon in La Jolla, California, USA, were investigated to resolve the causal explanations for this and similar shark aggregations. All sharks sampled from the aggregation site (n = 140) were sexually mature and 97.1 % were female. Aerial photographs taken during tethered balloon surveys revealed high densities of milling sharks of up to 5470 sharks ha(-1). Eight sharks were each tagged with a continuous acoustic transmitter and manually tracked without interruption for up to 48 h. Sharks exhibited strong site-fidelity and were generally confined to a divergence (shadow) zone of low wave energy, which results from wave refraction over the steep bathymetric contours of the submarine canyon. Within this divergence zone, the movements of sharks were strongly localized over the seismically active Rose Canyon Fault. Tracked sharks spent most of their time in shallow water (a parts per thousand currency sign2 m for 71.0 % and a parts per thousand currency sign10 m for 95.9 % of time), with some dispersing to deeper (max: 53.9 m) and cooler (min: 12.7 A degrees C) water after sunset, subsequently returning by sunrise. These findings suggest multiple functions of this aggregation and that the mechanism controlling its formation, maintenance, and dissolution is complex and rooted in the sharks' variable response to numerous confounding environmental factors.
C1 [Nosal, A. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Cartamil, D. C.; Wegner, N. C.; Graham, J. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Long, J. W.] US Geol Survey, St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Luehrmann, M.] Univ Rostock, Inst Biol Sci, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
[Wegner, N. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Nosal, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM anosal@ucsd.edu
FU University of California -San Diego Institutional Animal Care and Use
Committee (IACUC) [S00080]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography Graduate
Department, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Los Angeles
Rod and Reel Club Foundation; Graduate Research Fellowship Program
(GRFP); National Science Foundation [0333444]
FX We thank the many people that volunteered their time to assist with this
project, particularly E. Kisfaludy, M. Royer, A. Caillat, M. Taylor, M.
C. Bernal, L. McCormick, A. Martin, A. Barker, J. Arce, J. Beckman, B.
Frossard, J. Renfree, C. Jew, L. Bellquist, N. Ben-Aderet, and E.
Parnell. This work was conducted under University of California -San
Diego Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) protocol No.
S00080. Funding was provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Graduate Department, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation,
and the Los Angeles Rod and Reel Club Foundation. A. Nosal was supported
by Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) and Integrated Graduate
Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT, No. 0333444) awards from the
National Science Foundation. We would like to dedicate this paper to
Jeffrey B. Graham, who is a co-author on this manuscript but passed away
before its completion. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 51
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 45
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 96
IS 7
BP 865
EP 878
DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 153OK
UT WOS:000319611600006
ER
PT J
AU Li, SM
Sun, DL
Goldberg, M
Stefanidis, A
AF Li, Sanmei
Sun, Donglian
Goldberg, Mitchell
Stefanidis, Anthony
TI Derivation of 30-m-resolution water maps from TERRA/MODIS and SRTM
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Integration; Water fraction; DNNS method; MODIS; SRTM
ID TOPOGRAPHIC DATA; INUNDATION; RESOLUTION; MANAGEMENT; RESERVOIR; AVHRR;
MODEL
AB The high temporal resolution and large coverage of coarse- to moderate-resolution satellite imagery, such as NOAA/AVHRR and EOS-TERRA/MODIS, are very advantageous for flood monitoring, but their coarse spatial resolution hinders their wider application. Overcoming this limitation is an interesting scientific challenge with substantial application potential.
When both the total water area and topography are known, it is possible to locate regional water distribution in small regions, e.g., less than 1 km(2). The water fraction derived from TERRA/MODIS not only provides the water area in 500-m pixels, but it also contains geo-location information in each pixel, providing a potential way to derive high-resolution water maps with the use of SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) data. In this study we introduce an integration method to downscale MODIS 500-m water fraction maps to 30-m water maps with SKIM 30-m DEM data. The method uses an iteration cycle to compare water fraction by increasing water surface level based on the minimal elevation (searched from the 30-m SRTM cells within a 500-m pixel) to water fraction retrieved with dynamic nearest neighboring searching (DNNS) method from TERRA/MODIS multi-channel data, and iterations are terminated when the two fractions are equal to each other. The final water surface level is viewed as the maximal water surface level and smoothed by a uniformity process to reduce the impact from TERRA/MODIS water fraction retrieval errors. Then, cells in SRTM 30-m DEM with elevation between the minimal and maximal water surface levels are assigned as water to generate 30-m water maps.
The presented method was applied to the Mississippi River flood of May 2011 and showed promising results. A validation analysis was performed using simultaneous Landsat TM 30-m data, Worldview-2 2-m data and river gauge observations and showed high consistency between integrated MODIS 30-m water maps and high resolution real-time satellite water maps, and the matched rate with TM is above 93%. The calculated maximal water surface levels used for integration are also close to the water levels observed at river gauges along Mississippi River. The validation result indicates the feasibility of this method to derive high-resolution water maps from coarse- or moderate-resolution satellite data, which can significantly improve the capability of these satellite data in flood analysis for decision-makers and downstream users. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Sanmei; Sun, Donglian; Stefanidis, Anthony] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Goldberg, Mitchell] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Li, SM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM slia@gmu.edu
FU NOAA [NA12NES4400008]; NASA [NNX12AQ74G]
FX This work was supported by NOAA grant #NA12NES4400008 and NASA grant
#NNX12AQ74G. The manuscript's contents are solely the opinions of the
authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or
position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government.
NR 33
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 6
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 134
BP 417
EP 430
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.03.015
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 148GS
UT WOS:000319233200032
ER
PT J
AU Douglas, JF
AF Douglas, Jack F.
TI Influence of Chain Structure and Swelling on the Elasticity of Rubbery
Materials: Localization Model Description
SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Polymer Networks Conference (PNG)
CY AUG 12-16, 2012
CL WY
DE entanglement; localization model; rubber elasticity; self-assembly;
swelling
ID MOONEY-RIVLIN CONSTANTS; POLYMER NETWORKS; NATURAL-RUBBER; STATISTICAL
THERMODYNAMICS; CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CROSS-SECTION;
STRAIN; RODLIKE; ENTANGLEMENT
AB Classical network elasticity theories are based on the concept of flexible volumeless network chains fixed into a network in which there are no excluded volume, or even topological, interactions between the chains and where the chains explore accessible configurations by Brownian motion. In this type of 'classical' model of rubber elasticity, the elasticity of the deformed network derives from the entropic changes that arise from a deformation of the network junction positions. The shortcoming of this approach is evident from the observation that unswollen rubbery materials are nearly incompressible, reflecting the existence of strong intermolecular interactions that restrict the polymer chains to the exploration of their local tube-like molecular environments along their chain contours. The imposition of a deformation of these solid rubbery materials then necessitates a consideration of how the local molecular packing constraints become modified under deformation and the impact of these changes in chain confinement on the macroscopic elasticity of the material as a whole. Many researchers have struggled with this difficult many-body problem. The present paper focuses on the simple 'localization model' (LM) of rubber elasticity of Gaylord and Douglas (GD), which provides a simple minimal model for the network elasticity of rubbery materials in the dense polymer state. Particular emphasis in the present paper is given to the implications of this model for describing how network elasticity changes with solvent swelling, a phenomenon for which large deviations from classical elasticity have been observed and a situation highly relevant to numerous applications that involve rubbery materials. We also discuss the physical nature of 'entanglement' based on the same molecular packing picture and deduce general conditions for entanglement in terms of molecular parameters. Our predictions accord rather well with experimental correlations relating chain molecular structure to the entanglement molecular mass, changing elasticity with swelling, etc.
C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jack.douglas@nist.gov
NR 79
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1022-1360
EI 1521-3900
J9 MACROMOL SYMP
JI Macromol. Symp.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 329
IS 1
BP 87
EP 100
DI 10.1002/masy.201200098
PG 14
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA AG5BR
UT WOS:000335434600011
ER
PT J
AU Tsai, CC
Hou, TH
Popinet, S
Chao, YY
AF Tsai, Chia-Cheng
Hou, Tien-Hung
Popinet, Stephane
Chao, Yung Y.
TI Prediction of waves generated by tropical cyclones with a
quadtree-adaptive model
SO COASTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Quadtree; Wave spectral model; Hurricane Katrina; Hurricane Rita;
Tropical cyclone
ID INCOMPRESSIBLE EULER EQUATIONS; LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER; WIND-WAVES;
PROJECTION METHOD; COASTAL REGIONS; GRAVITY WAVES; WAM MODEL; UNSTEADY;
SOLVER; SPECTRUM
AB In this paper, we describe the application of a quadtree-adaptive model to hindcast the wave spectrum during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In the simulation, the quadtree grid system can be adapted to the vicinity of the hurricanes and/or some prescribed regions of interest, which require higher resolutions. In other words, the quadtree grid system can move with the hurricanes. Furthermore, all the details of prescribed simulations can be plugged into a global simulation with input wind fields at different resolutions. In addition, the prescribed model is implemented in a unified framework of code and performed in one thread or multiple parallel threads. The proposed adaptive model can significantly reduce the time required for a specific simulation and is very convenient for large-scale operational forecasting when multiple resolutions are required. For Hurricane Katrina, only 3 h of computing time is required to simulate the entire ten days of the hurricane event with a resolution of 0.25 h and 1/8 degree for the region of interest near Mexico bay. The difference between the predicted significant wave heights and the buoy measurements is less than 0.5 m. In addition, the codes of the models are freely available and thus can be easily extended to an operational forecast system of tropical cyclones. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tsai, Chia-Cheng; Hou, Tien-Hung] Natl Kaohsiung Marine Univ, Dept Marine Environm Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
[Popinet, Stephane] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Chao, Yung Y.] NOAA, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Tsai, CC (reprint author), Natl Kaohsiung Marine Univ, Dept Marine Environm Engn, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
EM tsaichiacheng@mail.nkmu.edu.tw
OI Hou, Tien-Hung/0000-0002-5024-4404
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 101-2628-E-022-001-MY2]
FX The National Science Council of Taiwan under NSC 101-2628-E-022-001-MY2
is gratefully acknowledged for providing financial support to carry out
the present work
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3839
J9 COAST ENG
JI Coast. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 77
BP 108
EP 119
DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.02.011
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 135YA
UT WOS:000318325400011
ER
PT J
AU Webb, DF
Mostl, C
Jackson, BV
Bisi, MM
Howard, TA
Mulligan, T
Jensen, EA
Jian, LK
Davies, JA
de Koning, CA
Liu, Y
Temmer, M
Clover, JM
Farrugia, CJ
Harrison, RA
Nitta, N
Odstrcil, D
Tappin, SJ
Yu, HS
AF Webb, D. F.
Moestl, C.
Jackson, B. V.
Bisi, M. M.
Howard, T. A.
Mulligan, T.
Jensen, E. A.
Jian, L. K.
Davies, J. A.
de Koning, C. A.
Liu, Y.
Temmer, M.
Clover, J. M.
Farrugia, C. J.
Harrison, R. A.
Nitta, N.
Odstrcil, D.
Tappin, S. J.
Yu, H-S
TI Heliospheric Imaging of 3D Density Structures During the Multiple
Coronal Mass Ejections of Late July to Early August 2010
SO SOLAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CME-CME INTERACTION; SOLAR-WIND; WHITE-LIGHT;
3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGER SMEI; 1 AU; SPACECRAFT;
PROPAGATION; INSTRUMENT
AB It is usually difficult to gain a consistent global understanding of a coronal mass ejection (CME) eruption and its propagation when only near-Sun imagery and the local measurements derived from single-spacecraft observations are available. Three-dimensional (3D) density reconstructions based on heliospheric imaging allow us to "fill in" the temporal and spatial gaps between the near-Sun and in situ data to provide a truly global picture of the propagation and interactions of the CME as it moves through the inner heliosphere. In recent years the heliospheric propagation of dense structures has been observed and measured by the heliospheric imagers of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and on the twin Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft. We describe the use of several 3D reconstruction techniques based on these heliospheric imaging data sets to distinguish and track the propagation of multiple CMEs in the inner heliosphere during the very active period of solar activity in late July -aEuro parts per thousand early August 2010. We employ 3D reconstruction techniques used at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) based on a kinematic solar wind model, and also the empirical Tappin-Howard model. We compare our results with those from other studies of this active period, in particular the heliospheric simulations made with the ENLIL model by Odstrcil et al. (J. Geophys. Res., 2013) and the in situ results from multiple spacecraft provided by Mostl et al. (Astrophys. J. 758, 10 -aEuro parts per thousand 28, 2012). We find that the SMEI results in particular provide an overall context for the multiple-density flows associated with these CMEs. For the first time we are able to intercompare the 3D reconstructed densities with the timing and magnitude of in situ density structures at five spacecraft spread over 150A degrees in ecliptic longitude and from 0.4 to 1 AU in radial distance. We also model the magnetic flux-rope structures at three spacecraft using both force-free and non-force-free modelling, and compare their timing and spatial structure with the reconstructed density flows.
C1 [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA.
[Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Moestl, C.; Liu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jackson, B. V.; Clover, J. M.; Yu, H-S] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Bisi, M. M.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales.
[Howard, T. A.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA.
[Mulligan, T.] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, SSAL, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
[Jensen, E. A.] ACS Consulting, Houston, TX USA.
[Jian, L. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Davies, J. A.; Harrison, R. A.] RAL Space, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Nitta, N.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA.
[Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Tappin, S. J.] Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA.
RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA.
EM david.WEBB@hanscom.af.mil
RI Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010;
OI Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909; Moestl,
Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152; Temmer, Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558
FU Air Force [AF19628-00-K-0073, FA8718-04-C-0006]; Navy contracts
[N00173-07-1-G016, N00173-10-1-G001]; European Union [263252]; Marie
Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European
Community Framework Programme; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [FWF
V195-N16]; UCSD NSF [M-0852246, AGS-1053766, ATM-0925023]; NASA
[NNX11AB50G, NX10AQ29G]; AFOSR [11NE043]; UK STFC Standard Grant;
NSF/SHINE Competition [0849916]; NASA Heliophysics program [NNX10AC05G];
NSF [AGS-1140211]
FX We acknowledge the organisers of and the beneficial discussions at the
three August 2010 events workshops, held in January 2011 in Abingdon,
England, March 2011 in Graz, Austria, and June 2011 in Aberystwyth,
Wales, which were vital in producing this paper. The Solar Mass Ejection
Imager (SMEI) instrument is a collaborative project of the U. S. Air
Force Research Laboratory, NASA, the University of California at San
Diego, the University of Birmingham, UK, Boston College, and Boston
University. The STEREO SECCHI Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument was
developed by a collaboration that included the Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory and the University of Birmingham, both in the United Kingdom,
the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL), Belgium, and the US Naval Research
Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, USA. The SECCHI project is an
international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory, Lockheed
Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of Birmingham,
Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung, Centre Spatial de Liege,
Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee, and Institut d'Astrophysique
Spatiale. We also benefited from data from the SOHO mission, which is an
international collaboration between NASA and ESA, and also from the
SOHO/LASCO CME catalog, generated and maintained by the Center for Solar
Physics and Space Weather, The Catholic University of America in
cooperation with NRL and NASA. The work of DFW was supported at Boston
College by Air Force contracts AF19628-00-K-0073 and FA8718-04-C-0006
and Navy contracts N00173-07-1-G016 and N00173-10-1-G001. The work of CM
was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 263252 (COMESEP), and by a
Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European
Community Framework Programme. MT acknowledges the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF): FWF V195-N16. BVJ, JMC, and H-SY were supported by UCSD NSF
grants ATM-0852246 and AGS-1053766, NASA grant NNX11AB50G, and AFOSR
grant 11NE043. MMB acknowledges support on these analyses from UCSD NSF
grant ATM-0925023, and also from a UK STFC Standard Grant to Aberystwyth
University for continued CME and heliospheric interplanetary
scintillation (IPS) and white-light analyses. TAH was partially
supported by the NSF/SHINE Competition (Award 0849916) and the NASA
Heliophysics program (grant NNX10AC05G). CJF was supported by NASA grant
NX10AQ29G and NSF grant AGS-1140211.
NR 63
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0038-0938
EI 1573-093X
J9 SOL PHYS
JI Sol. Phys.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 285
IS 1-2
BP 317
EP 348
DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0260-5
PG 32
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 138OS
UT WOS:000318518600019
ER
PT J
AU Ruckelshaus, M
Doney, SC
Galindo, HM
Barry, JP
Chan, F
Duffy, JE
English, CA
Gaines, SD
Grebmeier, JM
Hollowed, AB
Knowlton, N
Polovina, J
Rabalais, NN
Sydeman, WJ
Talley, LD
AF Ruckelshaus, M.
Doney, S. C.
Galindo, H. M.
Barry, J. P.
Chan, F.
Duffy, J. E.
English, C. A.
Gaines, S. D.
Grebmeier, J. M.
Hollowed, A. B.
Knowlton, N.
Polovina, J.
Rabalais, N. N.
Sydeman, W. J.
Talley, L. D.
TI Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecosystem services; Climate adaptation; Coastal hazards; Fisheries;
Tourism; Trade-offs
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
COASTAL VEGETATION; MANGROVE FORESTS; CORAL-REEFS; IMPACTS; RESILIENCE;
RECOVERY; TSUNAMI
AB Benefits humans rely on from the ocean - marine ecosystem services - are increasingly vulnerable under future climate. This paper reviews how three valued services have, and will continue to, shift under climate change: (1) capture fisheries, (2) food from aquaculture, and (3) protection from coastal hazards such as storms and sea-level rise. Climate adaptation planning is just beginning for fisheries, aquaculture production, and risk mitigation for coastal erosion and inundation. A few examples are highlighted, showing the promise of considering multiple ecosystem services in developing approaches to adapt to sea-level rise, ocean acidification, and rising sea temperatures.
Ecosystem-based adaptation in fisheries and along coastlines and changes in aquaculture practices can improve resilience of species and habitats to future environmental challenges. Opportunities to use market incentives - such as compensation for services or nutrient trading schemes - are relatively untested in marine systems. Relocation of communities in response to rising sea levels illustrates the urgent need to manage human activities and investments in ecosystems to provide a sustainable flow of benefits in the face of future climate change. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ruckelshaus, M.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Galindo, H. M.] Univ Washington, COMPASS, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Barry, J. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Chan, F.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Duffy, J. E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[English, C. A.] COMPASS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Gaines, S. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Grebmeier, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Hollowed, A. B.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Knowlton, N.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Polovina, J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Rabalais, N. N.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA.
[Sydeman, W. J.] Farallon Inst, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA.
[Talley, L. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Ruckelshaus, M (reprint author), 6828 51st Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mary.ruckelshaus@stanford.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu;
hgalindo@compassonline.org; bany@mbari.org;
chanft@science.oregonstate.edu; jeduffy@vims.edu;
cenglish@compassonline.org; gaines@bren.ucsb.edu; jgrebmei@umces.edu;
anne.hollowed@noaa.gov; knowlton@si.edu; jeffrey.polovina@noaa.gov;
nrabalais@lumcon.edu; wsydeman@comcast.net; ltalley@ucsd.edu
RI Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013
OI Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568
NR 136
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 9
U2 286
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 40
BP 154
EP 159
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.01.009
PG 6
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 125KR
UT WOS:000317539200018
ER
PT J
AU Weiss, BA
Schmidt, LC
AF Weiss, Brian A.
Schmidt, Linda C.
TI Multi-relationship evaluation design: Formalization of an automatic test
plan generator
SO EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Testing; Evaluation; Performance assessment; Test plans; Stakeholder
preferences
AB The number of intelligent and advanced technologies in the manufacturing, military and homeland security industries is increasing. Evaluating these technologies is a critical step in their development cycle. Test designers have put forth considerable effort in creating methods to accelerate the test-plan development process. The multi-relationship evaluation design (MRED) methodology is an automatic test plan generator. MRED collects multiple inputs, processes them interactively with a test designer and outputs evaluation blueprints that specify key test-plan characteristics. This paper describes MRED's process and presents the mathematical representations used by MRED and the stakeholder preference handling strategy. A robot arm is the example used to demonstrate MRED. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Weiss, Brian A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Schmidt, Linda C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Schmidt, LC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM brian.weiss@nist.gov; lschmidt@umd.edu
RI Schmidt, Linda/I-1370-2015
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4174
J9 EXPERT SYST APPL
JI Expert Syst. Appl.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 9
BP 3764
EP 3774
DI 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.083
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA 112GS
UT WOS:000316581300040
ER
PT J
AU Sapp, JW
Frasier, SJ
Dvorsky, J
Chang, PS
Jelenak, Z
AF Sapp, Joseph W.
Frasier, Stephen J.
Dvorsky, Jason
Chang, Paul S.
Jelenak, Zorana
TI Airborne Dual-Polarization Observations of the Sea Surface NRCS at
C-Band in High Winds
SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE C-band; ocean winds; polarization ratio; scatterometry
ID OCEAN
AB Airborne dual-polarization observations of sea surface normalized radar cross section (NRCS) were conducted over the North Atlantic during January-February 2011. Observations were made using the University of Massachusetts' Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler radar system installed on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's WP-3D research aircraft during several winter storm events to determine the high-wind response of the sea surface NRCS for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. During the flights, the aircraft performed several constant-roll circle maneuvers to allow collection of NRCS over a range of incidence angles. We find consistency with prior reports in the polarization ratio observed at moderate incidence angles at the winds encountered. For larger incidence angles, we observe a measurable decrease in polarization ratio with increasing wind speed.
C1 [Sapp, Joseph W.; Frasier, Stephen J.; Dvorsky, Jason] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Chang, Paul S.; Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Sapp, JW (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Frasier,
Stephen/H-1536-2015
OI Sapp, Joe/0000-0003-3379-1286; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Jelenak,
Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889
FU NASA under JPL [1424244]; NOAA Ocean Winds program
FX This work was supported in part by NASA under JPL Contract 1424244 to
the University of Massachusetts and in part by the NOAA Ocean Winds
program.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 50
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1545-598X
J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S
JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett.
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 4
BP 726
EP 730
DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2220118
PG 5
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 051CF
UT WOS:000312101300017
ER
PT J
AU Moffat, TP
Hagiwara, R
Homma, T
Fukunaka, Y
AF Moffat, Thomas P.
Hagiwara, Rika
Homma, Takayuki
Fukunaka, Yasuhiro
TI Special Section: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND MATERIALS TAILORING Foreword
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hagiwara, Rika] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
[Homma, Takayuki; Fukunaka, Yasuhiro] Waseda Univ, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
[Fukunaka, Yasuhiro] JAXA, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov; hagiwara@energy.kyoto-u.ac.jp;
t.homma@waseda.jp; hirofukunaka@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 25
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD JUN 30
PY 2013
VL 100
BP 212
EP 213
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.074
PG 2
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 165OE
UT WOS:000320492400028
ER
PT J
AU White, M
Lolli, L
Brida, G
Gran, J
Rajteri, M
AF White, M.
Lolli, L.
Brida, G.
Gran, J.
Rajteri, M.
TI Optical constants and spatial uniformity of thermally grown oxide layer
of custom, induced-junction, silicon photodiodes for a predictable
quantum efficient detector
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-CALIBRATION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TRAP DETECTOR; FUSED SILICA;
REFLECTANCE
AB We have investigated the optical properties of self-induced inversion-layer silicon photodiodes using spectroscopic ellipsometric measurement techniques. We report a self-consistent data set and dispersion relation for the optical constants of the thermally grown oxide layer. The oxide layer thickness and spatial uniformity of a series of custom manufactured 22 mm x 11 mm rectangular diodes are evaluated. These photodiodes are used in a light trapping arrangement and exhibit predictable quantum efficiency and thus, predictable spectral responsivity. For comparison, we report measurements of the absolute spatial uniformity of the oxide layer on commercial "S6337" and "S1337" radiometric quality photodiodes. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [White, M.] NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lolli, L.; Brida, G.; Rajteri, M.] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
[Gran, J.] Justervesenet, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
RP White, M (reprint author), NIST Boulder, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM m.white@boulder.nist.gov
OI lolli, lapo/0000-0001-5520-9395
FU European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, ERA-NET Plus [217257]
FX The research leading to these results received funding from the European
Community's Seventh Framework Programme, ERA-NET Plus, under Grant
Agreement No. 217257. M. White thanks INRIM for being such a generous
host and also thanks C. Portesi for developing a cleaning procedure for
the diodes. We kindly thank J. A. Woollam for granting permission to
publish the Si-SiO2 interface layer refractive indices. This
work contributed to the European Metrology Research Program (EMRP)
project titled "Candela - towards quantum based photon standards."
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 24
AR 243509
DI 10.1063/1.4812497
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 174HY
UT WOS:000321147300017
ER
PT J
AU Resplandy, L
Bopp, L
Orr, JC
Dunne, JP
AF Resplandy, L.
Bopp, L.
Orr, J. C.
Dunne, J. P.
TI Role of mode and intermediate waters in future ocean acidification:
Analysis of CMIP5 models
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE acidification; mode waters; intermediate waters; CMIP5
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2
AB [1] Consistent with recent observations, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 Earth System Models project highest acidification rates in subsurface waters. Using seven Earth System Models, we find that high acidification rates in mode and intermediate waters (MIW) on centennial time scales (-0.0008 to -0.0023 +/- 0.0001yr(-1) depending on the scenario) are predominantly explained by the geochemical effect of increasing atmospheric CO2, whereas physical and biological climate change feedbacks explain less than 10% of the simulated changes. MIW are characterized by a larger surface area to volume ratio than deep and bottom waters leading to 5 to 10 times larger carbon uptake. In addition, MIW geochemical properties result in a sensitivity to increasing carbon concentration twice larger than surface waters (H+ of +1.2x10(-4)mmolm(-3) for every mmolm(-3) of dissolved carbon in MIW versus +0.6x10(-4) in surface waters). Low pH transported by mode and intermediate waters is likely to influence surface pH in upwelling regions decades after their isolation from the atmosphere.
C1 [Resplandy, L.; Bopp, L.; Orr, J. C.] CEA UVSQ CNRS, Lab Sci Climate & Environm, IPSL, Paris, France.
[Dunne, J. P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Resplandy, L (reprint author), CEA UVSQ CNRS, Lab Sci Climate & Environm, IPSL, Paris, France.
EM laure.resplandy@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012;
OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080;
Resplandy, Laure/0000-0002-1212-3943
FU EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE; European Commissions Seventh Framework
Programme [264879]
FX We sincerely thank R. Seferian for the useful discussions and two
anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This
work was made possible, thanks to the climate modeling groups ( Table 1)
for producing and making available their model output. We are grateful
to P. Brockmann and the IPSL team for making the access to the CMIP5
database so easy. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's
Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP.
Support was provided by the EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE, "Changes in
carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate", which
received funding from the European Commissions Seventh Framework
Programme under grant agreement 264879. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of
Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
provides coordinating support and led development of software
infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth
System Science Portals. The Editor thanks two anonymous reviewers for
their assistance in evaluating this paper.
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3091
EP 3095
DI 10.1002/grl.50414
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300038
ER
PT J
AU Li, XF
Jackson, CR
Pichel, WG
AF Li, Xiaofeng
Jackson, Christopher R.
Pichel, William G.
TI Internal solitary wave refraction at Dongsha Atoll, South China Sea
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE synthetic aperture radar; internal wave; refraction; South China Sea
ID SIGNATURES; SOLITONS; SAR
AB Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are regularly generated at the Luzon Strait, propagate westward into the South China Sea, and dissipate on the continental shelf after persisting for more than 4 days. The Dongsha Atoll stands in the middle of their propagation path and the incident ISW bifurcates as it interacts with, and passes the atoll. As the two arms meet on the western side of Dongsha, they produce complex patterns from nonlinear internal wave interactions. In this study, new satellite observations are presented that show unusual ISW refraction patterns at the Dongsha Atoll. In these satellite images the incident wave is located on one side of Dongsha, and the portion of the wave closest to the atoll continues to propagate around the atoll circularly, while the remaining portion of the arm continues its westward propagation. The process is adequately modeled using a function relating ISW phase speed to ocean depth.
C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA.
[Jackson, Christopher R.] Global Ocean Associates, Alexandria, VA USA.
[Pichel, William G.] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Li, XF (reprint author), NCWCP E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov
RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008
OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119
FU Envisat Projects [141, 6133]
FX The Envisat and ERS SAR images were provided by the European Space
Agency under Envisat Projects 141 and 6133. The views, opinions, and
findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should
not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position,
policy, or decision.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3128
EP 3132
DI 10.1002/grl.50614
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300045
ER
PT J
AU Compo, GP
Sardeshmukh, PD
Whitaker, JS
Brohan, P
Jones, PD
McColl, C
AF Compo, Gilbert P.
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
Whitaker, Jeffrey S.
Brohan, Philip
Jones, Philip D.
McColl, Chesley
TI Independent confirmation of global land warming without the use of
station temperatures
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE global warming; land warming; climate change; land use; land cover;
station temperature; reanalysis
ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; MODEL PERFORMANCE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; DATA SET;
VARIABILITY; TIME
AB Confidence in estimates of anthropogenic climate change is limited by known issues with air temperature observations from land stations. Station siting, instrument changes, changing observing practices, urban effects, land cover, land use variations, and statistical processing have all been hypothesized as affecting the trends presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and others. Any artifacts in the observed decadal and centennial variations associated with these issues could have important consequences for scientific understanding and climate policy. We use a completely different approach to investigate global land warming over the 20th century. We have ignored all air temperature observations and instead inferred them from observations of barometric pressure, sea surface temperature, and sea-ice concentration using a physically based data assimilation system called the 20th Century Reanalysis. This independent data set reproduces both annual variations and centennial trends in the temperature data sets, demonstrating the robustness of previous conclusions regarding global warming.
C1 [Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; McColl, Chesley] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Compo, Gilbert P.; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.; McColl, Chesley] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brohan, Philip] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Jones, Philip D.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Jones, Philip D.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia.
RP Compo, GP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Phys Sci Div,Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM compo@colorado.edu
RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009;
OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633
FU Department of Energy (DoE) Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231,
DE-AC0500OR22725]; NOAA Climate Program Office and the Office of Science
(BER), U.S. Department of Energy; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley
Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; USDoE [DE-SC0005689]
FX All data are publicly available (Table S1). We thank the NOAA ESRL/PSD
IT and Data group for support. 20CR used resources at NERSC
(DE-AC02-05CH11231) and OLCF (DE-AC0500OR22725) funded by the Department
of Energy (DoE) Office of Science. This work was supported by NOAA
Climate Program Office and the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department
of Energy. P. B. was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley
Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). P.D.J. has been supported by the
USDoE (Grant DE-SC0005689). We also thank two anonymous reviewers for
their comments.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3170
EP 3174
DI 10.1002/grl.50425
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300052
ER
PT J
AU DelSole, T
Kumar, A
Jha, B
AF DelSole, Timothy
Kumar, Arun
Jha, Bhaskar
TI Potential seasonal predictability: Comparison between empirical and
dynamical model estimates
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE seasonal prediction; potential predictability; CFSv2; ensembles
ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FORECAST SYSTEM
AB Methods for estimating potential seasonal predictability from a single realization of daily data are validated against an ensemble of simulations from an atmospheric model driven by observed sea surface temperature, sea ice extent, and greenhouse gas concentration. The methods give surprisingly good estimates of potential predictability of seasonal precipitation despite the fact that the methods assume Gaussian distributions. For temperature, the methods systematically underestimate weather noise variance over land, often by a factor of 2 or more. This bias can be reduced by taking account of precipitation-induced variability. These conclusions may be model dependent, and hence, confirmation in other models would be of interest. Nevertheless, for the state-of-the-art atmospheric model used in this study, the results strongly support the validity of the single time series approach to estimating potential predictability and enhances our confidence in previous estimates of potential predictability based on observations alone.
C1 [DelSole, Timothy] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[DelSole, Timothy] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
[Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD USA.
RP DelSole, T (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
EM delsole@cola.iges.org
FU NSF [0830068]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
[NA09OAR4310058]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
[NNX09AN50G]
FX We thank Xia Feng, J. Shukla, and Ahmed Tawfik for useful discussions
and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. We also thank Xia Feng
for finding a coding error in our ANOCOVA calculations, which
significantly affected an early version of this paper. Support is
gratefully acknowledged from grants from the NSF (0830068), the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA09OAR4310058), and the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX09AN50G).
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3200
EP 3206
DI 10.1002/grl.50581
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300058
ER
PT J
AU Kassianov, E
Barnard, J
Pekour, M
Berg, LK
Michalsky, J
Lantz, K
Hodges, G
AF Kassianov, Evgueni
Barnard, James
Pekour, Mikhail
Berg, Larry K.
Michalsky, Joseph
Lantz, Kathy
Hodges, Gary
TI Do diurnal aerosol changes affect daily average radiative forcing?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE diurnal variability of aerosol; remote sensing; time-averaged direct
aerosol radiative forcing; Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP)
ID VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE
AB Strong diurnal variability of aerosol has been observed frequently for many urban/industrial regions. How this variability may alter the direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF), however, is largely unknown. To quantify changes in the time-averaged DARF, we perform an assessment of 29days of high temporal resolution ground-based data collected during the Two-Column Aerosol Project on Cape Cod, which is downwind of metropolitan areas. We demonstrate that strong diurnal changes of aerosol loading (about 20% on average) have a negligible impact on the 24-h average DARF when daily averaged optical properties are used to find this quantity. However, when there is a sparse temporal sampling of aerosol properties, which may preclude the calculation of daily averaged optical properties, large errors (up to 100%) in the computed DARF may occur. We describe a simple way of reducing these errors, which suggests the minimal temporal sampling needed to accurately find the forcing.
C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Barnard, James; Pekour, Mikhail; Berg, Larry K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lantz, Kathy; Hodges, Gary] Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, POB 999,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnnl.gov
RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016
OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492
FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE); DOE [DE-A06-76RLO 1830]; NOAA GOES-R Cal/Val
Activities within NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and
Information Service
FX This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (OBER) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as
part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric
System Research (ASR) Programs. The Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract
DE-A06-76RLO 1830. The MFRSR-NOAA measurements were supported by NOAA
GOES-R Cal/Val Activities within NOAA's National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service. The authors thank one
anonymous reviewer for his/her comments.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3265
EP 3269
DI 10.1002/grl.50567
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300069
ER
PT J
AU Ervens, B
Feingold, G
AF Ervens, Barbara
Feingold, Graham
TI Sensitivities of immersion freezing: Reconciling classical nucleation
theory and deterministic expressions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Heterogeneous freezing; classical nucleation theory; singular freezing
ID HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; EMPIRICAL PARAMETERIZATION; CRYSTAL
NUCLEATION; MINERAL DUST; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; IMPACTS; CLOUDS
AB Ice particle number concentrations are often described deterministically, i.e., ice nucleation is singular and occurs on active sites unambiguously at a given temperature. Other approaches are based on classical nucleation theory (CNT) that describes ice nucleation stochastically as a function of time and nucleation rate. Sensitivity studies of CNT for immersion freezing performed here show that ice nucleation has by far the lowest sensitivity to time as compared to temperature, ice nucleus (IN) diameter, and contact angle. Sensitivities generally decrease with decreasing temperature. Our study helps to reconcile the apparent differences in stochastic and singular freezing behavior, and suggests that over a wide range of temperatures and IN parameters, time-independent CNT-based expressions for immersion freezing may be derived for use in large-scale models.
C1 [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ervens, Barbara; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Ervens, B (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA's Climate Goal
FX The authors acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal.
NR 27
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U1 3
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3320
EP 3324
DI 10.1002/grl.50580
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300079
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, T
Weng, FZ
AF Zhu, Tong
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Hurricane Sandy warm-core structure observed from advanced Technology
Microwave Sounder
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Warm Core; Hurricane Sandy; ATMS; Tropical Cyclone
ID TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSITY; SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; UNIT; SYSTEM;
AMSU
AB The warm-core structures of Hurricane Sandy and other nine tropical cyclones (TCs) are studied using the temperatures retrieved from Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS). A new algorithm is developed for the retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from the ATMS radiances. Since ATMS observation has a higher spatial resolution and better coverage than its predecessor, Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A, the retrieved temperature field explicitly resolves TC warm core throughout troposphere and depicts the cold temperature anomalies in the eyewall and spiral rainbands. Unlike a typical TC, the height of maximum warm core of Hurricane Sandy is very low, but the storm size is quite large. Based on the analysis of 10 TCs in 2012, close correlations are found between ATMS-derived warm core and the TC maximum sustained wind (MSW) or minimum sea level pressure (MSLP). The estimation errors of MSW and MSLP from ATMS-retrieved warm core are 13.5mph and 13.1hPa, respectively.
C1 [Zhu, Tong] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Zhu, Tong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, JCSDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Zhu, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, JCSDA, 5830 Univ Res Court,Suite 287, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM tong.zhu@noaa.gov
RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU NOAA JPSS Program Office Proving Ground Project
FX The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent those of NOAA. This work was supported by NOAA
JPSS Program Office Proving Ground Project.
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 12
BP 3325
EP 3330
DI 10.1002/grl.50626
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 185FJ
UT WOS:000321951300080
ER
PT J
AU Gates, RS
Osborn, WA
Pratt, JR
AF Gates, Richard S.
Osborn, William A.
Pratt, Jon R.
TI Experimental determination of mode correction factors for thermal method
spring constant calibration of AFM cantilevers using laser Doppler
vibrometry
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; NOISE
AB Mode correction factors (MCFs) represent a significant adjustment to the spring constant values measured using the thermal cantilever calibration method. Usually, the ideal factor of 0.971 for a tipless rectangular cantilever is used, which adjusts the value by 3% for the first flexural mode. An experimental method for determining MCFs has been developed that relies on measuring the areas under the first few resonance peaks for the flexural mode type. Using this method, it has been shown that MCFs for the first flexural mode of commercially available atomic force microscope cantilevers actually vary from 0.95 to 1.0, depending on the shape and end mass of the cantilever. Triangular shaped cantilevers tend to lower MCFs with tipless versions providing the lowest values. Added masses (including tips) tend to increase the first flexural mode's MCF to higher values with large colloid probes at the high extreme. Using this understanding and applying it to the recently developed laser Doppler vibrometry thermal calibration method it is now possible to achieve very accurate and precise cantilever spring constant calibrations (uncertainties close to +/- 1%) with commonly available commercial cantilevers such as tipped rectangular and triangular cantilevers, and colloid probes.
C1 [Gates, Richard S.; Osborn, William A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gates, RS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM richard.gates@nist.gov
RI Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012
NR 6
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 34
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD JUN 28
PY 2013
VL 24
IS 25
AR 255706
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255706
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 159EY
UT WOS:000320029000019
PM 23723188
ER
PT J
AU Yang, JC
Pitts, WM
Fernandez, M
Prasad, K
AF Yang, Jiann C.
Pitts, William M.
Fernandez, Marco
Prasad, Kuldeep
TI Measurements of effective diffusion coefficients of helium and hydrogen
through gypsum
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Diffusion coefficient; Gypsum; Helium; Hydrogen
ID BUILDING-MATERIALS
AB An experimental apparatus, which was based on the 1/4-scale garage previously used for studying helium release and dispersion in our laboratory, was used to obtain effective diffusion coefficients of helium and hydrogen (released as forming gas for safety reasons) through gypsum panel. Two types of gypsum panel were used in the experiments. Helium or forming gas was released into the enclosure from a Fischer burner(1) located near the enclosure floor for a fixed duration and then terminated. Eight thermal-conductivity sensors mounted at different vertical locations above the enclosure floor were used to monitor the temporal and spatial gas concentrations. An electric fan was used inside the enclosure to mix the released gas to ensure a spatially uniform gas concentration to minimize stratification. The temporal variations of the pressure difference between the enclosure interior and the ambience were also measured. An analytical model was developed to extract the effective diffusion coefficients from the experimental data. Copyright (c) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yang, Jiann C.; Pitts, William M.; Fernandez, Marco; Prasad, Kuldeep] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yang, JC (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 224,Room B360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jiann.yang@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 19
BP 8125
EP 8131
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.09.030
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 177XA
UT WOS:000321407500044
ER
PT J
AU de Boer, G
Bauer, SE
Toto, T
Menon, S
Vogelmann, AM
AF de Boer, G.
Bauer, S. E.
Toto, T.
Menon, Surabi
Vogelmann, A. M.
TI Evaluation of aerosol-cloud interaction in the GISS ModelE using ARM
observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE climate model; aerosol cloud interactions; model evaluation; remote
sensing
ID GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GROUND-BASED
MEASUREMENTS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; SATELLITE DATA; WATER CLOUDS;
PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATIONS; VAPOR
AB Observations from the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program are used to evaluate the ability of the NASA GISS ModelE global climate model in reproducing observed interactions between aerosols and clouds. Included in the evaluation are comparisons of basic meteorology and aerosol properties, droplet activation, effective radius parameterizations, and surfacebased evaluations of aerosolcloud interactions (ACI). Differences between the simulated and observed ACI are generally large, but these differences may result partially from vertical distribution of aerosol in the model, rather than the representation of physical processes governing the interactions between aerosols and clouds. Compared to the current observations, the ModelE often features elevated droplet concentrations for a given aerosol concentration, indicating that the activation parameterizations used may be too aggressive. Additionally, parameterizations for effective radius commonly used in models were tested using ARM observations, and there was no clear superior parameterization for the cases reviewed here. This lack of consensus is demonstrated to result in potentially large, statistically significant differences to surface radiative budgets, should one parameterization be chosen over another.
C1 [de Boer, G.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[de Boer, G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[de Boer, G.; Menon, Surabi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bauer, S. E.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Bauer, S. E.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Toto, T.; Vogelmann, A. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Menon, Surabi] ClimateWorks Fdn, San Francisco, CA USA.
RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM gijs.deboer@colorado.edu
RI Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014
OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423;
FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of
the U.S. Department of Energy as part of their Climate and Earth System
Modeling Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; FASTER project; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
[NA17RJ1229]; National Science Foundation [ARC-1203902]; US Department
of Energy [DE-SC0008794]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation
(NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and
Environmental Sciences Division
FX This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office
of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of
Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and
Earth System Modeling Program and through the FASTER project. LBNL is
managed by the University of California under the same grant. This work
was prepared in part at the Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences (CIRES) with support in part from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,
under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1229 and other grants. The statements,
findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. GB was
supported in part by the National Science Foundation (ARC-1203902) and
US Department of Energy (DE-SC0008794). Computing resources were
provided by NASA and the US Department of Energy. A.V. wishes to
acknowledge funding from the U.S. DOE (contract DE-AC02-98CH10886).
2NFOV retrievals were generously provided by Christine Chiu, and China
AMF data were provided by Maureen Cribb and Zanquing Li. Resources
supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC)
Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard
Space Flight Center. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
Climate and Environmental Sciences Division.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6383
EP 6395
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50460
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600035
ER
PT J
AU Xu, XG
Wang, J
Henze, DK
Qu, WJ
Kopacz, M
AF Xu, Xiaoguang
Wang, Jun
Henze, Daven K.
Qu, Wenjun
Kopacz, Monika
TI Constraints on aerosol sources using GEOS-Chem adjoint and MODIS
radiances, and evaluation with multisensor (OMI, MISR) data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosol source optimization; MODIS; MISR; OMI; Asian SO2; NO2; dust;
black carbon; organic carbon
ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERIC
AEROSOLS; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; DRY
DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; NOX EMISSIONS; EAST-ASIA
AB We present a new top-down approach that spatially constrains the amount of aerosol emissions using satellite (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) observed radiances with the adjoint of a chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem). This paper aims to demonstrate the approach through applying it to a case study that yields the following emission estimates over China for April 2008: 1.73Tg for SO2, 0.72Tg for NH3, 1.38Tg for NOx, 0.10Tg for black carbon, and 0.18Tg for organic carbon from anthropogenic sources, which reflects, respectively, a reduction of 33.5%, 34.5%, 18.8%, 9.1%, and 15% in comparison to the prior bottom-up inventories of INTEX-B 2006. The mineral dust emission from the online dust entrainment and mobilization module is reduced by 56.4% of 19.02 to 8.30Tg. Compared to the prior simulation, the posterior simulation shows a much better agreement with the following independent measurements: aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by AERONET sun-spectrophotometers and retrieved from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), atmospheric NO2 and SO2 columnar amount retrieved from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and in situ data of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium and PM10 (particular matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mu m) mass concentrations over both anthropogenic pollution and dust source regions. Assuming the bottom-up (prior) anthropogenic emissions are the best estimates for their base year of 2006, the overwhelming reduction in the posterior (top-down) estimate indicates less emission in April 2008 especially for the SO2 tracer in the central and eastern parts of China, and/or an overestimation in the prior emission. The former is supported by the AOD change detected by MODIS and MISR sensors, while the latter is likely the case for NOx and NH3 emissions because no evidence shows that their atmospheric concentration has declined over China. With the promising results shown in this study, continuous efforts are needed toward a holistic and comprehensive inversion of emission using multisensor remote sensing data (of trace gases and aerosols) for constraining aerosol primary and precursor emissions at various temporal and spatial scales.
C1 [Xu, Xiaoguang; Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Qu, Wenjun] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
[Kopacz, Monika] NOAA Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
EM jwang7@unl.edu
RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Xu,
Xiaoguang/B-8203-2016; Qu, Wen-Jun/C-1035-2009
OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Xu, Xiaoguang/0000-0001-9583-980X; Qu,
Wen-Jun/0000-0001-5733-9660
FU NASA Radiation Sciences Program
FX This research is supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program (for
Glory mission) managed by Hal H. Maring, NASA Atmospheric Composition
Program managed by Richard E. Eckman, and NASA New Investigator Program
as well as a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (to Xiaoguang Xu),
both managed by Mingying Wei. We thank the data services provided by the
Goddard Earth Science Data Center and the AERONET team in NASA GSFC,
Jianping Huang from Lanzhou University (China) for providing the surface
PM10 data, and the computational support provided by the
Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska.
NR 85
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 4
U2 41
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6396
EP 6413
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50515
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600036
ER
PT J
AU Huang, JF
Hsu, NC
Tsay, SC
Liu, ZY
Jeong, MJ
Hansell, RA
Lee, J
AF Huang, Jingfeng
Hsu, N. Christina
Tsay, Si-Chee
Liu, Zhaoyan
Jeong, Myeong-Jae
Hansell, Richard A.
Lee, Jaehwa
TI Use of spaceborne lidar for the evaluation of thin cirrus contamination
and screening in the Aqua MODIS Collection 5 aerosol products
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE thin cirrus; aerosol; AQUA-MODIS; CALIPSO; VFM; cirrus screening
ID OPTICAL DEPTH; CLOUD CONTAMINATION; CALIPSO; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM;
RETRIEVALS; 1.38-MU-M; CHANNELS; OCEAN; RATIO
AB Cloud contamination from subvisual thin cirrus clouds is still a challenging issue for operational satellite aerosol retrievals. In the A-Train constellation, concurrent high-sensitivity cirrus observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) provide us with an unprecedented opportunity to examine the susceptibility of the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol retrievals to thin cirrus contamination and to evaluate the robustness of various cirrus screening techniques. Quantitative evaluations indicate that the current cirrus screening schemes in the MODIS Dark Target and Deep Blue Collection 5 aerosol retrievals can effectively remove most cirrus signals while some residual thin cirrus signals still exist with strong spatial and seasonal variability. Results also show significant linkage between thin cirrus occurrence frequency and the susceptibility of aerosol retrievals to thin cirrus contamination. Using the CALIPSO cirrus observations as a reference, we also examined the effectiveness and robustness of eight MODIS-derived cirrus screening parameters. These parameters include apparent reflectance at 1.38 mu m (R1.38), cirrus reflectance at 0.66 mu m (CR0.66), CR0.66 cirrus flag (CF), reflectance ratio between 1.38 mu m and 0.66 mu m (RR1.38/0.66), reflectance ratio between 1.38 mu m and 1.24 mu m (RR1.38/1.24), brightness temperature difference between 8.6 mu m and 11 mu m (BTD8.6-11), brightness temperature difference between 11 mu m and 12 mu m (BTD11-12), and cloud phase infrared approach (CPIR). Among these parameters, RR1.38/0.66 achieves the best overall performance, followed by the BTD11-12. Results from several test cases suggest that the cirrus screening schemes in the operational MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithms can be further improved to reduce thin cirrus contamination.
C1 [Huang, Jingfeng; Hansell, Richard A.; Lee, Jaehwa] UMD, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Huang, Jingfeng] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Hsu, N. Christina; Tsay, Si-Chee; Hansell, Richard A.; Lee, Jaehwa] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Liu, Zhaoyan] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
[Jeong, Myeong-Jae] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Kangnung, South Korea.
RP Huang, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM jingfeng.huang@noaa.gov
RI Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Tsay,
Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014
OI Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738;
FU NASA EOS Program
FX This work is supported by grant from the NASA EOS Program, managed by
Hal Maring. Authors thank Brent N. Holben, Alexander Smirnov, Ellsworth
J. Welton, Robert C. Levy, David M. Giles, Bo-Cai Gao, Steve Ou, James
R. Campbell, and Zhien Wang for their constructive comments on the use
of in situ and satellite data, analysis methodology, and cirrus
climatology. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their
constructive and insightful comments that lead to the significant
improvements of the paper. Aqua MODIS L1B and L2 data were obtained from
NASA L1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS). CALIPSO
data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric
Science Data Center.
NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6444
EP 6453
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50504
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600039
ER
PT J
AU Davies, L
Jakob, C
Cheung, K
Del Genio, A
Hill, A
Hume, T
Keane, RJ
Komori, T
Larson, VE
Lin, Y
Liu, X
Nielsen, BJ
Petch, J
Plant, RS
Singh, MS
Shi, X
Song, X
Wang, W
Whitall, MA
Wolf, A
Xie, S
Zhang, G
AF Davies, L.
Jakob, C.
Cheung, K.
Del Genio, A.
Hill, A.
Hume, T.
Keane, R. J.
Komori, T.
Larson, V. E.
Lin, Y.
Liu, X.
Nielsen, B. J.
Petch, J.
Plant, R. S.
Singh, M. S.
Shi, X.
Song, X.
Wang, W.
Whitall, M. A.
Wolf, A.
Xie, S.
Zhang, G.
TI A single-column model ensemble approach applied to the TWP-ICE
experiment
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE TWP-ICE; Single Column Model; Ensemble
ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CONVECTION SCHEME; MOIST
CONVECTION; VERSION-3 CAM3; CLIMATE MODELS
AB Single-column models (SCM) are useful test beds for investigating the parameterization schemes of numerical weather prediction and climate models. The usefulness of SCM simulations are limited, however, by the accuracy of the best estimate large-scale observations prescribed. Errors estimating the observations will result in uncertainty in modeled simulations. One method to address the modeled uncertainty is to simulate an ensemble where the ensemble members span observational uncertainty. This study first derives an ensemble of large-scale data for the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) based on an estimate of a possible source of error in the best estimate product. These data are then used to carry out simulations with 11 SCM and two cloud-resolving models (CRM). Best estimate simulations are also performed. All models show that moisture-related variables are close to observations and there are limited differences between the best estimate and ensemble mean values. The models, however, show different sensitivities to changes in the forcing particularly when weakly forced. The ensemble simulations highlight important differences in the surface evaporation term of the moisture budget between the SCM and CRM. Differences are also apparent between the models in the ensemble mean vertical structure of cloud variables, while for each model, cloud properties are relatively insensitive to forcing. The ensemble is further used to investigate cloud variables and precipitation and identifies differences between CRM and SCM particularly for relationships involving ice. This study highlights the additional analysis that can be performed using ensemble simulations and hence enables a more complete model investigation compared to using the more traditional single best estimate simulation only.
C1 [Davies, L.] Monash Univ, Sch Math, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
[Jakob, C.] Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
[Cheung, K.] Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Del Genio, A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Hill, A.; Petch, J.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Hume, T.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Keane, R. J.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
[Komori, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan.
[Larson, V. E.; Nielsen, B. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
[Lin, Y.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lin, Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Liu, X.; Shi, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Plant, R. S.; Whitall, M. A.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Singh, M. S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Song, X.; Zhang, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Wang, W.] NOAA, IMSG, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
[Wolf, A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Xie, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Davies, L (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM laura.davies@unimelb.edu.au
RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Xie,
Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010
OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Plant, Robert/0000-0001-8808-0022;
Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207
FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0002731]; U.S.
Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program; United States
Department of Energy [DE-SC0006927, DE-SC0008668]; National Science
Foundation [AGS-0968640]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Science, Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program; Battelle Memorial
Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; National Natural Science Foundation of
China [41075039]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science,
Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement Program of the Office of Science at the DOE
FX Davies and Jakob are supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S.
Department of Energy, under grant DE-SC0002731. Many of the other
coauthors also participated through support from the U.S. Department of
Energy Atmospheric System Research Program. V. Larson and B. Nielsen are
grateful for financial support from the United States Department of
Energy (grants DE-SC0006927 and DE-SC0008668) and the National Science
Foundation (grant AGS-0968640). Support for X. Liu was provided by the
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Atmospheric System
Research (ASR) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is
operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract
DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Dr. Weiguo Wang is partly supported by the National
Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41075039. The
contributions of S. Xie to this work were performed under the auspices
of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Research by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by the
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program of the Office of Science at
the DOE.
NR 88
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6544
EP 6563
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50450
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600047
ER
PT J
AU Lu, GP
Cummer, SA
Li, JB
Zigoneanu, L
Lyons, WA
Stanley, MA
Rison, W
Krehbiel, PR
Edens, HE
Thomas, RJ
Beasley, WH
Weiss, SA
Blakeslee, RJ
Bruning, EC
MacGorman, DR
Meyer, TC
Palivec, K
Ashcraft, T
Samaras, T
AF Lu, Gaopeng
Cummer, Steven A.
Li, Jingbo
Zigoneanu, Lucian
Lyons, Walter A.
Stanley, Mark A.
Rison, William
Krehbiel, Paul R.
Edens, Harald E.
Thomas, Ronald J.
Beasley, William H.
Weiss, Stephanie A.
Blakeslee, Richard J.
Bruning, Eric C.
MacGorman, Donald R.
Meyer, Tiffany C.
Palivec, Kevin
Ashcraft, Thomas
Samaras, Tim
TI Coordinated observations of sprites and in-cloud lightning flash
structure
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Review
DE red sprite; positive cloud-to-ground ( plus CG) stroke; Lightning
Mapping Array; lightning charge transfer; in-cloud lightning structure;
mesoscale convective system
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; CHARGE MOMENT CHANGES; RED SPRITES;
THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; CONTINUING CURRENT;
POSITIVE CHARGE; SPACE-SHUTTLE; ELF RADIATION; DISCHARGES
AB The temporal and spatial development of sprite-producing lightning flashes is examined with coordinated observations over an asymmetric mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 29 June 2011 near the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (LMA). Sprites produced by a total of 26 lightning flashes were observed simultaneously on video from Bennett, Colorado and Hawley, Texas, enabling a triangulation of sprites in comparison with temporal development of parent lightning (in particular, negatively charged stepped leaders) in three-dimensional space. In general, prompt sprites produced within 20ms after the causative stroke are less horizontally displaced (typically <30km) from the ground stroke than delayed sprites, which usually occur over 40ms after the stroke with significant lateral offsets (>30km). However, both prompt and delayed sprites are usually centered within 30km of the geometric center of relevant LMA sources (with affinity to negative stepped leaders) during the prior 100ms interval. Multiple sprites appearing as dancing/jumping events associated with a single lightning flash could be produced either by distinct strokes of the flash, by a single stroke through a series of current surges superposed on an intense continuing current, or by both. Our observations imply that sprites elongated in one direction are sometimes linked to in-cloud leader structure with the same elongation, and sprites that were more symmetric were produced above the progression of multiple negative leaders. This suggests that the large-scale structure of sprites could be affected by the in-cloud geometry of positive charge removal. Based on an expanded dataset of 39 sprite-parent flashes by including more sprites recorded by one single camera over the same MCS, the altitude (above mean sea level, MSL) of positively charged cloud region tapped by sprite-producing strokes declined gradually from similar to 10km MSL (-35 degrees C) to around 6km MSL (-10 degrees C) as the MCS evolved through the mature stage. On average, the positive charge removal by causative strokes of sprites observed on 29 June is centered at 3.6km above the freezing level or at 7.9km above ground level.
C1 [Lu, Gaopeng; Cummer, Steven A.; Li, Jingbo; Zigoneanu, Lucian] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC USA.
[Lyons, Walter A.] FMA Res Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Stanley, Mark A.; Rison, William; Krehbiel, Paul R.; Edens, Harald E.; Thomas, Ronald J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
[Beasley, William H.; Weiss, Stephanie A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Blakeslee, Richard J.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA.
[Bruning, Eric C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[MacGorman, Donald R.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Meyer, Tiffany C.] Natl Weather Serv, Warning Decis Training Branch, Norman, OK USA.
[Ashcraft, Thomas] Heliotown Observ, Lamy, NM USA.
[Samaras, Tim] Samaras Technol, Bennett, CO USA.
RP Lu, GP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Observat, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM gaopenglu@gmail.com
RI Lu, Gaopeng/D-9011-2012; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008;
OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; MacGorman,
Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196
FU DARPA Nimbus program; NSF Physical and Dynamic Meteorology program;
William P. Winn of Langmuir Laboratory; Matuszeski Graduate Research
Fund of New Mexico Tech.
FX We wish to dedicate this paper to the memory of contributor Tim Samaras,
who tragically perished along with his son Paul Samaras and fellow
severe storm researcher Carl Young during the El Reno, Oklahoma EF-5
tornado on 31 May 2013 while collecting vital in-situ measurements. This
work was supported by the DARPA Nimbus program and the NSF Physical and
Dynamic Meteorology program. Many people offered help to install and
operate SpriteCam and LF systems, including Eric Cramer, Shahab
Arabshahi, and Joseph Dwyer from Florida Institute of Technology; Thomas
C. Marshall, Maribeth Stolzenburg, and Sumedhe Karunarathne from
University of Mississippi; James Roberts and Krokhin Arkadii from
University of North Texas; and Ruth Douglas Miller and Liang-Wu Cai from
Kansas State University. Danyal Petersen provided the access to OKLMA
data. The work of Gaopeng Lu on sprites was supported by William P. Winn
of Langmuir Laboratory and the Matuszeski Graduate Research Fund of New
Mexico Tech.
NR 105
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6607
EP 6632
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50459
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600051
ER
PT J
AU Sorooshian, A
Wang, Z
Feingold, G
L'Ecuyer, TS
AF Sorooshian, Armin
Wang, Zhen
Feingold, Graham
L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.
TI A satellite perspective on cloud water to rain water conversion rates
and relationships with environmental conditions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE A-Train; coalescence; aerosol; precipitation
ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; WARM RAIN; A-TRAIN; AEROSOL; PRECIPITATION;
DRIZZLE; MICROPHYSICS; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERIZATIONS; REFLECTIVITY
AB A two-year satellite remote sensing data set from the NASA A-Train is used to examine conversion rates of cloud water to rain water for warm maritime clouds with different ranges of mean cloud-layer radar reflectivity and rain rate. Recent work has demonstrated the utility of a novel procedure that relies on the differing sensitivities of passive MODIS measurements and active CloudSat radar measurements to estimate warm cloud conversion rates and associated time scales. That work is extended here to examine regional differences in conversion rates, including sensitivity to environmental parameters such as atmospheric stability and the presence of different aerosol types defined based on values of aerosol optical depth, fine mode fraction, and angstrom ngstrom Exponent. Among eight subregions examined, the tropical Pacific Ocean is characterized by the highest average conversion rate while subtropical stratocumulus cloud regions (far northeastern Pacific Ocean, far southeastern Pacific Ocean, Western Africa coastal region) exhibit the lowest rates. Conversion rates are generally higher at reduced values of lower tropospheric static stability (LTSS). When examining data in two selected ranges for LTSS, higher conversion rates are coincident with higher LWP and factors covarying or rooted in the presence of aerosol types exhibiting lower aerosol index values.
C1 [Sorooshian, Armin; Wang, Zhen] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA.
RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM armin@email.arizona.edu
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer,
Tristan/E-5607-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; Sorooshian,
Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264
FU NASA [NNX12AC51G]; NSF [AGS-1008848]; ONR YIP award [N00014-10-1-0811];
NOAA's Climate Goal
FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX12AC51G, NSF grant AGS-1008848,
and an ONR YIP award (N00014-10-1-0811). GF acknowledges support from
NOAA's Climate Goal. The authors acknowledge Matthew D. Lebsock, Daniel
Rosenfeld, Robert Wood, and an anonymous reviewer for insightful
comments related to this manuscript.
NR 48
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6643
EP 6650
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50523
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600053
ER
PT J
AU Angevine, WM
Brioude, J
McKeen, S
Holloway, JS
Lerner, BM
Goldstein, AH
Guha, A
Andrews, A
Nowak, JB
Evan, S
Fischer, ML
Gilman, JB
Bon, D
AF Angevine, Wayne M.
Brioude, Jerome
McKeen, Stuart
Holloway, John S.
Lerner, Brian M.
Goldstein, Allen H.
Guha, Abhinav
Andrews, Arlyn
Nowak, John B.
Evan, Stephanie
Fischer, Marc L.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Bon, Daniel
TI Pollutant transport among California regions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM); FLEXPART; WRF; Tracer
transport; California; Agricultural emissions
ID LOW-LEVEL WINDS; AIR-QUALITY; MODEL; MESOSCALE; OZONE; SIMULATIONS;
EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; VALLEY; NOX
AB Several regions within California have significant air quality issues. Transport of pollutants emitted in one region to another region may add to the impact of local emissions. In this work, Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations show the amounts of tracers that are transported within and among four regions, Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area, the Central Valley, and the rest of the state. The simulations cover May and June of 2010, the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change experiment period. Tracers of automobile emissions and one type of agricultural emission are used. Tracer mixing ratios are compared to airborne and ground-based measurements. The age of tracers in each location is also presented. Vertical profiles and diurnal cycles help to clarify the transport process. As is well known, Southern California emissions are transported to the east and affect the desert areas, and Bay Area automobile emissions are an important source of pollutants in the San Joaquin Valley. A novel result is that the Southern California Bight is filled with a mixture of well-aged carbon monoxide tracer from Southern California and the Bay Area. Air over the Bight is also affected by the agricultural emissions represented by the agricultural tracer, dominantly from the Central Valley where its sources are largest. There is no indication of transport from Southern California to the Central Valley. Emissions from the Central Valley do make their way to Southern California, as shown by the agricultural tracer, but automobile emissions from the Valley are insignificant in Southern California.
C1 [Angevine, Wayne M.; Brioude, Jerome; McKeen, Stuart; Holloway, John S.; Lerner, Brian M.; Nowak, John B.; Evan, Stephanie; Gilman, Jessica B.; Bon, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Angevine, Wayne M.; Brioude, Jerome; McKeen, Stuart; Holloway, John S.; Lerner, Brian M.; Andrews, Arlyn; Nowak, John B.; Evan, Stephanie; Gilman, Jessica B.; Bon, Daniel] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Goldstein, Allen H.; Guha, Abhinav] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL R CSD4, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Wayne.M.Angevine@noaa.gov
RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Lerner,
Brian/H-6556-2013; Evan, Stephanie/C-2213-2013; Angevine,
Wayne/H-9849-2013; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Andrews,
Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Gilman,
Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165;
Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Goldstein,
Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Gilman,
Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948;
FU NOAA; California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental
Research Program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of
the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors are grateful to Robert Harley for providing the diurnal
cycle of CO and for helpful discussions. Andy Neuman provided helpful
comments on the manuscript. We also wish to thank the NOAA P3 crew,
flight planners, and scientists, and the crew and scientists of the R/V
Atlantis CalNex cruise. The ERA-interim data used to initialize WRF are
from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the
Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The original data are available
from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set number ds627.0. Data
collection at Walnut Grove was supported by NOAA and by the California
Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program
and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of
the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 32
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 35
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6750
EP 6763
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50490
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600062
ER
PT J
AU Chan, AWH
Isaacman, G
Wilson, KR
Worton, DR
Ruehl, CR
Nah, T
Gentner, DR
Dallmann, TR
Kirchstetter, TW
Harley, RA
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
deGouw, JA
Offenberg, JH
Kleindienst, TE
Lin, YH
Rubitschun, CL
Surratt, JD
Hayes, PL
Jimenez, JL
Goldstein, AH
AF Chan, Arthur W. H.
Isaacman, Gabriel
Wilson, Kevin R.
Worton, David R.
Ruehl, Christopher R.
Nah, Theodora
Gentner, Drew R.
Dallmann, Timothy R.
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
Harley, Robert A.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Kuster, William C.
deGouw, Joost A.
Offenberg, John H.
Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.
Lin, Ying H.
Rubitschun, Caitlin L.
Surratt, Jason D.
Hayes, Patrick L.
Jimenez, Jose L.
Goldstein, Allen H.
TI Detailed chemical characterization of unresolved complex mixtures in
atmospheric organics: Insights into emission sources, atmospheric
processing, and secondary organic aerosol formation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE semivolatile organic compounds; secondary organic aerosol; urban
emissions; unresolved complex mixture; gas chromatography mass
spectrometry
ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; DUTY DIESEL
TRUCKS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; VOLATILITY DISTRIBUTION; N-ALKANES;
SEMIVOLATILE; HYDROCARBONS; EVOLUTION; PHOTOOXIDATION
AB Recent studies suggest that semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are important precursors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban atmospheres. However, knowledge of the chemical composition of SVOCs is limited by current analytical techniques, which are typically unable to resolve a large number of constitutional isomers. Using a combination of gas chromatography and soft photoionization mass spectrometry, we characterize the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) of semivolatile aliphatic hydrocarbons observed in Pasadena, California (similar to 16km NE of downtown Los Angeles), and Bakersfield, California, during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change 2010. To the authors' knowledge, this work represents the most detailed characterization of the UCM in atmospheric samples to date. Knowledge of molecular structures, including carbon number, alkyl branching, and number of rings, provides important constraints on the rate of atmospheric processing, as the relative amounts of branched and linear alkanes are shown to be a function of integrated exposure to hydroxyl radicals. Emissions of semivolatile branched alkanes from fossil fuel-related sources are up to an order of magnitude higher than those of linear alkanes, and the gas-phase OH rate constants of branched alkanes are similar to 30% higher than their linear isomers. Based on a box model considering gas/particle partitioning, emissions, and reaction rates, semivolatile branched alkanes are expected to play a more important role than linear alkanes in the photooxidation of the UCM and subsequent transformations into SOA. Detailed speciation of semivolatile compounds therefore provides essential understanding of SOA sources and formation processes in urban areas.
C1 [Chan, Arthur W. H.; Isaacman, Gabriel; Worton, David R.; Ruehl, Christopher R.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chan, Arthur W. H.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
[Wilson, Kevin R.; Ruehl, Christopher R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Worton, David R.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Nah, Theodora] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Gentner, Drew R.; Dallmann, Timothy R.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Harley, Robert A.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kirchstetter, Thomas W.; Harley, Robert A.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Gilman, Jessica B.; deGouw, Joost A.; Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; deGouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Offenberg, John H.; Kleindienst, Tadeusz E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Lin, Ying H.; Rubitschun, Caitlin L.; Surratt, Jason D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Chan, AWH (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, 200 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
EM arthurwh.chan@utoronto.ca
RI Chan, Arthur/I-2233-2013; Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel/I-5590-2014; de
Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; Lin,
Ying-Hsuan/J-4023-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Offenberg,
John/C-3787-2009; Worton, David/A-8374-2012; Goldstein,
Allen/A-6857-2011; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Surratt,
Jason/D-3611-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Chan, Arthur/0000-0001-7392-4237; Dallmann, Timothy/0000-0002-6520-7796;
Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel/0000-0002-3717-4798; de Gouw,
Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Lin,
Ying-Hsuan/0000-0001-8904-1287; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Worton, David/0000-0002-6558-5586;
Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Kuster,
William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Gilman,
Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR4310104]; Office
of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Laboratory Directed Research
and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; EPA grant [RD834553];
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and
Development [EP-D-10-070]; CARB [08-319/11-305]; DOE (BER/ASR)
[DE-SC0006035]; CIRES Visiting Fellowship
FX This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration under award NA10OAR4310104. The Advanced Light Source as
well as K.R.W. and T.N. were supported by the Director, Office of Energy
Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of
Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Measurements at the Advanced
Light Source were also supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S.
Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Caldecott tunnel
measurements were supported by EPA grant RD834553. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and
Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under
contract EP-D-10-070 to Alion Science and Technology. The manuscript has
been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for
publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. P.L.H. and J.L.J.
thank CARB 08-319/11-305, DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0006035, and a CIRES
Visiting Fellowship to P.L.H. The authors would like to thank Sally
Newman for use of temperature data.
NR 47
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 6
U2 80
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6783
EP 6796
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50533
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600065
ER
PT J
AU Barkley, MP
De Smedt, I
Van Roozendael, M
Kurosu, TP
Chance, K
Arneth, A
Hagberg, D
Guenther, A
Paulot, F
Marais, E
Mao, JQ
AF Barkley, Michael P.
De Smedt, Isabelle
Van Roozendael, Michel
Kurosu, Thomas P.
Chance, Kelly
Arneth, Almut
Hagberg, Daniel
Guenther, Alex
Paulot, Fabien
Marais, Eloise
Mao, Jingqiu
TI Top-down isoprene emissions over tropical South America inferred from
SCIAMACHY and OMI formaldehyde columns
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Amazon; isoprene; formaldehyde; SCIAMACHY; OMI; GEOS-Chem
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MAX-DOAS MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE;
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; DRY DEPOSITION; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
TRACE GASES; OXIDATION; MODEL
AB We use formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column measurements from the Scanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and a nested-grid version of the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, to infer an ensemble of top-down isoprene emission estimates from tropical South America during 2006, using different model configurations and assumptions in the HCHO air-mass factor (AMF) calculation. Scenes affected by biomass burning are removed on a daily basis using fire count observations, and we use the local model sensitivity to identify locations where the impact of spatial smearing is small, though this comprises spatial coverage over the region. We find that the use of the HCHO column data more tightly constrains the ensemble isoprene emission range from 27-61TgC to 31-38TgC for SCIAMACHY, and 45-104TgC to 28-38TgC for OMI. Median uncertainties of the top-down emissions are about 60-260% for SCIAMACHY, and 10-90% for OMI. We find that the inferred emissions are most sensitive to uncertainties in cloud fraction and cloud top pressure (differences of +/- 10%), the a priori isoprene emissions (+/- 20%), and the HCHO vertical column retrieval (+/- 30%). Construction of continuous top-down emission maps generally improves GEOS-Chem's simulation of HCHO columns over the region, with respect to both the SCIAMACHY and OMI data. However, if local time top-down emissions are scaled to monthly mean values, the annual emission inferred from SCIAMACHY are nearly twice those from OMI. This difference cannot be explained by the different sampling of the sensors or uncertainties in the AMF calculation.
C1 [Barkley, Michael P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
[De Smedt, Isabelle; Van Roozendael, Michel] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium.
[Kurosu, Thomas P.; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Arneth, Almut; Hagberg, Daniel] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Anal, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Lund, Sweden.
[Arneth, Almut] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Atmospher Environm Res Inst Meteorol & Climate Re, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Guenther, Alex] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Paulot, Fabien; Marais, Eloise] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Barkley, MP (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
EM mpb14@le.ac.uk
RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; jingjing,
cai/M-2687-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008;
OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288;
Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577; Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051
FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/GE013810/2]; Swedish Research
Council Formas
FX This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council
(grant NE/GE013810/2). A.A. and D.H. acknowledge support from the
Swedish Research Council Formas.
NR 83
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U1 4
U2 41
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 12
BP 6849
EP 6868
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50552
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 187OY
UT WOS:000322129600069
ER
PT J
AU Murguia, JS
Vergara, A
Vargas-Olmos, C
Wong, TJ
Fonollosa, J
Huerta, R
AF Murguia, Jose S.
Vergara, Alexander
Vargas-Olmos, Cecilia
Wong, Travis J.
Fonollosa, Jordi
Huerta, Ramon
TI Two-dimensional wavelet transform feature extraction for porous silicon
chemical sensors
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Optical porous silicon gas sensor; Two-dimensional wavelet transform;
Feature extraction; Support vector machines; Gas discrimination and
quantification
ID SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; TIME-SERIES;
PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WARFARE AGENTS; CLASSIFICATION;
IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROCAVITIES
AB Designing reliable, fast responding, highly sensitive, and low-power consuming chemo-sensory systems has long been a major goal in chemo-sensing. This goal, however, presents a difficult challenge because having a set of chemo-sensory detectors exhibiting all these aforementioned ideal conditions are still largely un-realizable to-date. This paper presents a unique perspective on capturing more in-depth insights into the physicochemical interactions of two distinct, selectively chemically modified porous silicon (pSi) film-based optical gas sensors by implementing an innovative, based on signal processing methodology, namely the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Specifically, the method consists of using the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform as a feature extraction method to capture the non-stationary behavior from the bi-dimensional pSi rugate sensor response. Utilizing a comprehensive set of measurements collected from each of the aforementioned optically based chemical sensors, we evaluate the significance of our approach on a complex, six-dimensional chemical analyte discrimination/quantification task problem. Due to the bi-dimensional aspects naturally governing the optical sensor response to chemical analytes, our findings provide evidence that the proposed feature extractor strategy may be a valuable tool to deepen our understanding of the performance of optically based chemical sensors as well as an important step toward attaining their implementation in more realistic chemo-sensing applications. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Murguia, Jose S.; Vergara, Alexander; Fonollosa, Jordi; Huerta, Ramon] Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Murguia, Jose S.; Vargas-Olmos, Cecilia] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Fac Ciencias, San Luis Potosi 78000, SLP, Mexico.
[Wong, Travis J.] Elintrix, San Diego, CA 92117 USA.
RP Vergara, A (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vergara@ucsd.edu
RI MURGUIA, JOSE/O-1960-2013; Huerta, Ramon/J-4316-2012; Fonollosa,
Jordi/L-2303-2014
OI MURGUIA, JOSE/0000-0001-7239-8968; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169;
Fonollosa, Jordi/0000-0001-8854-8588
FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-07-1-0741]; Jet Propulsion
Laboratory [2012-1455933]; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel
Command; United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
(USARIEM) [W81XWH-10-C-0040]; National Council of Science and Technology
(CONACyT - Mexico) [CONACyT 130130]
FX This work was financed by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR),
contract number N00014-07-1-0741, by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
contract number 2012-1455933, and by the U.S. Army Medical Research and
Materiel Command and the United States Army Research Institute of
Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), contract number W81XWH-10-C-0040 in
collaboration with Elintrix. J.S. Murguia was financially supported
during his sabbatical leave at UCSD by the National Council of Science
and Technology (CONACyT - Mexico) under the project number CONACyT
130130. C. Vargas-Olmos is a doctoral fellow of CONACyT under the
program of "Ciencias Aplicadas" at the Facultad de Ciencias at UASLP. We
are grateful to Prof. Michael Sailor (UC San Diego) for providing the
porous silicon film-based optical gas sensors used in this study. The
authors also thank Joanna Zytkowicz for proofreading and revising the
manuscript. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report
are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official
Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated
by other documentation.
NR 54
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Z9 9
U1 3
U2 171
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD JUN 27
PY 2013
VL 785
BP 1
EP 15
DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.024
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 170LG
UT WOS:000320851400001
PM 23764437
ER
PT J
AU Tan, TR
Gaebler, JP
Bowler, R
Lin, Y
Jost, JD
Leibfried, D
Wineland, DJ
AF Tan, T. R.
Gaebler, J. P.
Bowler, R.
Lin, Y.
Jost, J. D.
Leibfried, D.
Wineland, D. J.
TI Demonstration of a Dressed-State Phase Gate for Trapped Ions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM COMPUTERS; ATOMIC IONS
AB We demonstrate a trapped-ion entangling-gate scheme proposed by Bermudez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 85, 040302 (2012)]. Simultaneous excitation of a strong carrier and a single-sideband transition enables deterministic creation of entangled states. The method works for magnetic field-insensitive states, is robust against thermal excitations, includes dynamical decoupling from qubit dephasing errors, and provides simplifications in experimental implementation compared to some other entangling gates with trapped ions. We achieve a Bell state fidelity of 0.974(4) and identify the main sources of error.
C1 [Tan, T. R.; Gaebler, J. P.; Bowler, R.; Lin, Y.; Jost, J. D.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tan, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tingrei.tan@nist.gov
RI Lin, Yiheng/J-9681-2015
OI Lin, Yiheng/0000-0003-1738-3805
FU IARPA, under ARO Contract [EAO139840]; ONR; NIST Quantum Information
Program; NIST through a NRC fellowship
FX We thank A. Wilson and D. Slichter for comments on the manuscript. J. P.
G. acknowledges support by NIST through a NRC fellowship. This work was
supported by IARPA, under ARO Contract No. EAO139840, ONR, and the NIST
Quantum Information Program. This Letter is a contribution by NIST and
not subject to U.S. copyright.
NR 37
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 26
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 26
AR 263002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.263002
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 172HE
UT WOS:000320990800007
PM 23848869
ER
PT J
AU Kim, YS
Slattery, O
Kuo, PS
Tang, X
AF Kim, Yong-Su
Slattery, Oliver
Kuo, Paulina S.
Tang, Xiao
TI Conditions for two-photon interference with coherent pulses
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; 2 PHOTONS; 4TH-ORDER INTERFERENCE;
BELL-INEQUALITY; TIME; FLUORESCENCE; BEAM
AB We study the conditions for two-photon classical interference with coherent pulses. We find that the temporal overlap between optical pulses is not required for interference. However, coherence within the same inputs is found to be essential for the interference.
C1 [Kim, Yong-Su; Slattery, Oliver; Kuo, Paulina S.; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kim, YS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yskim25@gmail.com; xiao.tang@nist.gov
FU National Research Foundation of Korea [2012R1A6A3A03040505]
FX The authors thank Y.-W. Cho and Y.-H. Kim for useful discussions. Y.S.K.
acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea
(2012R1A6A3A03040505).
NR 27
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 26
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 6
AR 063843
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.063843
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 171XA
UT WOS:000320962200006
ER
PT J
AU Venkataraman, S
Lee, AL
Maune, HT
Hedrick, JL
Prabhu, VM
Yang, YY
AF Venkataraman, Shrinivas
Lee, Ashlynn L.
Maune, Hareem T.
Hedrick, James L.
Prabhu, Vivek M.
Yang, Yi Yan
TI Formation of Disk- and Stacked-Disk-like Self-Assembled Morphologies
from Cholesterol-Functionalized Amphiphilic Polycarbonate Diblock
Copolymers
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; CYCLIC CARBONATE MONOMERS; CRYSTAL
BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; DRUG-DELIVERY; MICELLES;
POLYMERS; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; SHAPE
AB A cholesterol-functionalized aliphatic cyclic carbonate monomer, 2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxyloyloxy)ethyl carbamate (MTC-Chol), was synthesized. The organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of MTC-Chol was accomplished by using N-(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N'-cyclohexylthiourea (TU) in combinations with bases such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and (-)-sparteine, and kinetics of polymerization was monitored. By using mPEG-OH as the macroinitiator, well-defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers mPEG(113)-b-P(MTC-Chol)(n) (n = 4 and 11) were synthesized. Under aqueous conditions, these block copolymers self-assembled to form unique nanostructures. Disk-like micelles and stacked-disk morphology were observed for mPEG(113)-b-P(MTC-Chol)(4) and mPEG(113)-b-P(MTC-Chol)(11), respectively, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Small-angle neutron scattering supports the disk-like morphology and estimates the block copolymer micelle aggregation number in the dispersed solution. The hydrophobic nature of the cholesterol-containing block provides a versatile self-assembly handle to form complex nanostructures using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for applications in drug delivery.
C1 [Venkataraman, Shrinivas; Lee, Ashlynn L.; Yang, Yi Yan] Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
[Maune, Hareem T.; Hedrick, James L.] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA.
[Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vprabhu@nist.gov; yyyang@ibn.a-star.edu.sg
RI Yang, Yi Yan/C-1338-2014
OI Yang, Yi Yan/0000-0002-1871-5448
FU Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (Biomedical Research
Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore); IBM
Almaden Research Center; Scientific User Facility Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was funded by the Institute of Bioengineering and
Nanotechnology (Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science,
Technology and Research, Singapore), and IBM Almaden Research Center. We
thank Ushanthini Arumugam and Natalia Veronica for their technical
support. SANS experiments were conducted under user proposal IPTS-6690
at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor, sponsored
by the Scientific User Facility Division, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 60
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 8
U2 92
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUN 25
PY 2013
VL 46
IS 12
BP 4839
EP 4846
DI 10.1021/ma400423b
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 173QP
UT WOS:000321094300013
ER
PT J
AU Dwyer, KJ
Pomeroy, JM
Simons, DS
AF Dwyer, K. J.
Pomeroy, J. M.
Simons, D. S.
TI 99.996 % C-12 films isotopically enriched and deposited in situ
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICON; ENERGY
AB Ionizing natural abundance carbon dioxide gas, we extract and mass select the ions, depositing thin films isotopically enriched to 99.9961(4) % C-12 as measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In solid state quantum information, coherence times of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in C-12 enriched diamond exceeding milliseconds demonstrate the viability of NV centers as qubits, motivating improved isotopic enrichment. NV centers in diamond are particularly attractive qubit candidates due to the optical accessibility of the spin states. We present SIMS analysis and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy of C-12 enriched thin film samples grown with this method. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Dwyer, K. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Dwyer, K. J.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Simons, D. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 22
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 24
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 25
AR 254104
DI 10.1063/1.4812745
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 174HG
UT WOS:000321145200106
ER
PT J
AU Green, ML
Takeuchi, I
Hattrick-Simpers, JR
AF Green, Martin L.
Takeuchi, Ichiro
Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.
TI Applications of high throughput (combinatorial) methodologies to
electronic, magnetic, optical, and energy-related materials
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID METHANOL FUEL-CELL; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE;
CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; PULSED-LASER
DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SYNCHROTRON
X-RAY; SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPE
AB High throughput (combinatorial) materials science methodology is a relatively new research paradigm that offers the promise of rapid and efficient materials screening, optimization, and discovery. The paradigm started in the pharmaceutical industry but was rapidly adopted to accelerate materials research in a wide variety of areas. High throughput experiments are characterized by synthesis of a "library" sample that contains the materials variation of interest (typically composition), and rapid and localized measurement schemes that result in massive data sets. Because the data are collected at the same time on the same "library" sample, they can be highly uniform with respect to fixed processing parameters. This article critically reviews the literature pertaining to applications of combinatorial materials science for electronic, magnetic, optical, and energy-related materials. It is expected that high throughput methodologies will facilitate commercialization of novel materials for these critically important applications. Despite the overwhelming evidence presented in this paper that high throughput studies can effectively inform commercial practice, in our perception, it remains an underutilized research and development tool. Part of this perception may be due to the inaccessibility of proprietary industrial research and development practices, but clearly the initial cost and availability of high throughput laboratory equipment plays a role. Combinatorial materials science has traditionally been focused on materials discovery, screening, and optimization to combat the extremely high cost and long development times for new materials and their introduction into commerce. Going forward, combinatorial materials science will also be driven by other needs such as materials substitution and experimental verification of materials properties predicted by modeling and simulation, which have recently received much attention with the advent of the Materials Genome Initiative. Thus, the challenge for combinatorial methodology will be the effective coupling of synthesis, characterization and theory, and the ability to rapidly manage large amounts of data in a variety of formats. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Green, Martin L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hattrick-Simpers, Jason R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Green, ML (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU NSF-MRSEC [DMR 0520471]; ARO [W911NF-07-1-0410]; AFOSR MURI
[FA95500910603]; Beyond Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets (DOE EERE)
FX One of the authors (IT) is supported by the following grants: NSF-MRSEC
(DMR 0520471), ARO W911NF-07-1-0410, AFOSR MURI FA95500910603, and
Beyond Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets (DOE EERE).
NR 434
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 24
U2 228
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 21
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 23
AR UNSP 231101
DI 10.1063/1.4803530
PG 53
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 172NT
UT WOS:000321011700001
ER
PT J
AU Bigford, TE
AF Bigford, Thomas E.
TI What Exactly Is Fish Habitat and Why Must We Care?
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
EI 1548-8446
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD JUN 21
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 6
BP 246
EP 246
DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.797862
PG 1
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 163WW
UT WOS:000320369800003
ER
PT J
AU Safronova, MS
Safronova, UI
AF Safronova, M. S.
Safronova, U. I.
TI Relativistic many-body calculation of energies, oscillator strengths,
transition rates, lifetimes, polarizabilities, and quadrupole moment of
a Fr-like Th IV ion
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; ISOELECTRONIC
SEQUENCE; FOCK
AB Atomic properties of the 24 low-lying ns, np(j), nd(j), nf(j), and ng(j) states in Th IV ion are calculated using the high-precision relativistic all-order method where all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Recommended values are provided for a large number of electric-dipole matrix elements, oscillator strengths, transition rates, and lifetimes. Scalar polarizabilities of the ground and six excited states (5f(j), 6d(j), 7p(j), and 7s), and tensor polarizabilities of the 5f(j), 6d(j), and 7p(3/2) states of Th IV are evaluated. The uncertainties of the recommended values are estimated. These calculations provide recommended values critically evaluated for their accuracy for a number of Th IV atomic properties for use in theoretical modeling as well as planning and analysis of various experiments including development of an ultraprecise nuclear clock and resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy studies of actinide ions.
C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
FU National Science Foundation [PHY-121442]
FX The work of M. S. S. was supported in part by National Science
Foundation Grant No. PHY-121442.
NR 30
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 20
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 6
AR 062509
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.062509
PG 10
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 169EM
UT WOS:000320760800006
ER
PT J
AU Cerutti, B
Werner, GR
Uzdensky, DA
Begelman, MC
AF Cerutti, B.
Werner, G. R.
Uzdensky, D. A.
Begelman, M. C.
TI SIMULATIONS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATION BEYOND THE CLASSICAL SYNCHROTRON
BURNOFF LIMIT IN MAGNETIC RECONNECTION: AN EXPLANATION OF THE CRAB
FLARES
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE acceleration of particles; ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula);
magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
ID GAMMA-RAY FLARES; PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; FAST TEV VARIABILITY; TERMINATION
SHOCK; PAIR PLASMAS; RELATIVISTIC RECONNECTION; JITTER RADIATION;
EMISSION; ORIGIN; MINIJETS
AB It is generally accepted that astrophysical sources cannot emit synchrotron radiation above 160 MeV in their rest frame. This limit is given by the balance between the accelerating electric force and the radiation reaction force acting on the electrons. The discovery of synchrotron gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula, well above this limit, challenges this classical picture of particle acceleration. To overcome this limit, particles must accelerate in a region of high electric field and low magnetic field. This is possible only with a non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic process, like magnetic reconnection. We present the first numerical evidence of particle acceleration beyond the synchrotron burnoff limit, using a set of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of ultra-relativistic pair plasma reconnection. We use a new code, Zeltron, that includes self-consistently the radiation reaction force in the equation of motion of the particles. We demonstrate that the most energetic particles move back and forth across the reconnection layer, following relativistic Speiser orbits. These particles then radiate > 160 MeV synchrotron radiation rapidly, within a fraction of a full gyration, after they exit the layer. Our analysis shows that the high-energy synchrotron flux is highly variable in time because of the strong anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the energetic particles. We discover a robust positive correlation between the flux and the cut-off energy of the emitted radiation, mimicking the effect of relativistic Doppler amplification. A strong guide field quenches the emission of > 160 MeV synchrotron radiation. Our results are consistent with the observed properties of the Crab flares, supporting the reconnection scenario.
C1 [Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, M. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Cerutti, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, UCB 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM benoit.cerutti@colorado.edu; greg.werner@colorado.edu;
uzdensky@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu
OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X
FU National Science Foundation; NSF grant [PHY-0903851, AST-0907872]; DoE
grant [DE-SC0008409]; NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant
[NNX09AG02G]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of
Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado Denver; National Center for
Atmospheric Research
FX We thank Rolf Buehler, Dimitrios Giannios, Geoffroy Lesur, Krzysztof
Nalewajko, Anatoly Spitkovsky, and the referee for helpful discussions.
This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing
resources provided by the National Science Foundation, by NSF grant
PHY-0903851, NSF grant AST-0907872, DoE grant DE-SC0008409, and NASA
Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX09AG02G. Numerical simulations were
performed on the local CIPS computer cluster Verus, on Kraken at the
National Institute for Computational Sciences (www.nics.tennessee.edu/).
This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by
the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794), the
University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and
the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is
operated by the University of Colorado Boulder.
NR 71
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 12
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JUN 20
PY 2013
VL 770
IS 2
AR UNSP 147
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/147
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 160HZ
UT WOS:000320111200065
ER
PT J
AU Hrabe, N
Quinn, T
AF Hrabe, Nikolas
Quinn, Timothy
TI Effects of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of a
titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM),
part 1: Distance from build plate and part size
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Titanium alloys; Rapid solidification; Hardness measurement; Mechanical
characterization; Failure
ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
AB Selective electron beam melting (EBM) is a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing technique that shows great promise for fabrication of medical devices and aerospace components. Before its potential can be fully realized, however, a comprehensive understanding of processing-microstructure-properties relationships is necessary. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) parts were built in a geometry developed to allow investigation of the following two intra-build processing parameters: distance from the build plate and part size. Microstructure evaluation (qualitative prior-beta grain size, quantitative alpha lath thickness), tensile testing, and Vickers microhardness were performed for each specimen. Microstructure and mechanical properties, including microhardness, were not found to vary as a function of distance from the build plate, which was hypothesized to be influenced by the build plate preheating associated with the EBM process. Part size, however, was found to influence ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) by less than 2% over the size range investigated. A second order effect of thermal mass might also have influenced these results. Differences were observed between the EBM Ti-6Al-4V microstructure of this work and the expected acicular or Widmanstatten microstructure normally achieved through annealing above the beta transus. Therefore, a different relationship between alpha lath thickness and mechanical properties might be expected. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hrabe, Nikolas; Quinn, Timothy] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hrabe, N (reprint author), Med Modeling Inc, 17301 West Colfax Ave,Suite 300, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM nhrabe@gmail.com; timothy.quinn@nist.gov
NR 18
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 7
U2 94
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD JUN 20
PY 2013
VL 573
BP 264
EP 270
DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.064
PG 7
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 152PU
UT WOS:000319544400036
ER
PT J
AU Hrabe, N
Quinn, T
AF Hrabe, Nikolas
Quinn, Timothy
TI Effects of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of a
titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM),
Part 2: Energy input, orientation, and location
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Titanium alloys; Rapid solidification; Hardness measurement; Mechanical
characterization; Failure
AB Selective electron beam melting (EBM) is a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing technique that shows great promise for fabrication of medical devices and aerospace components. Before its potential can be fully realized, however, a comprehensive understanding of processing-microstructure-properties relationships is necessary. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) parts were built in a newly developed, unique geometry to allow accurate investigation of the following intra-build processing parameters: energy input, orientation, and location. Microstructure evaluation (qualitative prior-beta grain size, quantitative alpha lath thickness), tensile testing, and Vickers microhardness were performed for each specimen. For a wide range of energy input (speed factor 30-40), small differences in mechanical properties (2% change in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 3% change in yield strength (YS)) were measured. Vertically built parts were found to have no difference in UTS or YS compared to horizontally built parts, but the percent elongation at break (% EL) was 30% lower. The difference in % EL was attributed to a different orientation of the tensile axis for horizontal and vertical parts compared to the elongated prior-beta grain and microstructural texture direction in EBM Ti-6Al-4V. Orientation within the x-y plane as well as location were found to have less than 3% effect on mechanical properties, and it is possible a second order effect of thermal mass contributed to these results. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hrabe, Nikolas; Quinn, Timothy] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hrabe, N (reprint author), Med Modeling Inc, 17301 West Colfax Ave,Suite 300, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM nhrabe@gmail.com; timothy.quinn@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 5
U2 79
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD JUN 20
PY 2013
VL 573
BP 271
EP 277
DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.065
PG 7
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 152PU
UT WOS:000319544400037
ER
PT J
AU Okuyama, J
Nakajima, K
Noda, T
Kimura, S
Kamihata, H
Kobayashi, M
Arai, N
Kagawa, S
Kawabata, Y
Yamada, H
AF Okuyama, Junichi
Nakajima, Kana
Noda, Takuji
Kimura, Satoko
Kamihata, Hiroko
Kobayashi, Masato
Arai, Nobuaki
Kagawa, Shiro
Kawabata, Yuuki
Yamada, Hideaki
TI Ethogram of Immature Green Turtles: Behavioral Strategies for Somatic
Growth in Large Marine Herbivores
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; HOME-RANGE; SEA-TURTLES; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT;
ACCELERATION DATA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT USE; PATTERNS; MOVEMENT;
ECOLOGY
AB Animals are assumed to obtain/conserve energy effectively to maximise their fitness, which manifests itself in a variety of behavioral strategies. For marine animals, however, these behavioral strategies are generally unknown due to the lack of high-resolution monitoring techniques in marine habitats. As large marine herbivores, immature green turtles do not need to allocate energy to reproduction but are at risk of shark predation, although it is a rare occurrence. They are therefore assumed to select/use feeding and resting sites that maximise their fitness in terms of somatic growth, while avoiding predation. We investigated fine-scale behavioral patterns (feeding, resting and other behaviors), microhabitat use and time spent on each behavior for eight immature green turtles using data loggers including: depth, global positioning system, head acceleration, speed and video sensors. Immature green turtles at Iriomote Island, Japan, spent an average of 4.8 h feeding on seagrass each day, with two peaks, between 5: 00 and 9: 00, and between 17: 00 and 20: 00. This feeding pattern appeared to be restricted by gut capacity, and thus maximised energy acquisition. Meanwhile, most of the remaining time was spent resting at locations close to feeding grounds, which allowed turtles to conserve energy spent travelling and reduced the duration of periods exposed to predation. These behavioral patterns and time allocations allow immature green turtles to effectively obtain/conserve energy for growth, thus maximising their fitness.
C1 [Okuyama, Junichi; Nakajima, Kana; Noda, Takuji; Kimura, Satoko; Kamihata, Hiroko; Arai, Nobuaki; Kawabata, Yuuki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Informat, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan.
[Okuyama, Junichi] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Kimura, Satoko] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
[Kobayashi, Masato; Yamada, Hideaki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Res Ctr Subtrop Fisheries, Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan.
[Arai, Nobuaki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan.
[Kagawa, Shiro] NHK Enterprises Inc, Nat Program, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
[Kagawa, Shiro] NHK Enterprises Inc, Sci Program, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
[Kawabata, Yuuki] Nagasaki Univ, Inst East China Sea Res, Nagasaki 852, Japan.
RP Okuyama, J (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Informat, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan.
EM okuyamajunichi@gmail.com
FU Espec; Sumitomo Foundation; Kyoto University Global COE Program:
Informatics Education and Research Center for Knowledge-Circulation
Society; [22710236]
FX This study was partly supported by the Espec and Sumitomo Foundation, a
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Young Scientists B (JO No. 22710236) and the Kyoto
University Global COE Program: Informatics Education and Research Center
for Knowledge-Circulation Society. The funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 63
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 41
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 19
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 6
AR e65783
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0065783
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 190ST
UT WOS:000322361200034
PM 23840367
ER
PT J
AU Gough, RV
Widegren, JA
Bruno, TJ
AF Gough, R. V.
Widegren, J. A.
Bruno, T. J.
TI Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of 1,3,5-Triisopropylcyclohexane
SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID AVIATION; FUELS; MECHANISMS
AB Recent surrogate diesel fuel mixture development identified the need for a multiply substituted, low cetane number, high molecular mass monocycloalkane component. On the basis of a thermophysical property evaluation and prediction, 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane was chosen to serve this need. This fluid is not commercially available; therefore, very few thermophysical property measurements exist, and the thermal decomposition kinetics have not yet been investigated. In this work, we study the thermal decomposition kinetics of 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane between 350 and 425 C. The decomposition reactions were performed in stainless-steel ampule reactors. At each temperature, the extent of decomposition as a function of time was determined by analyzing the thermally stressed liquid phase by use of gas chromatography. These data were used to derive pseudo-first-order rate constants that ranged from 2.38 x 10(-7) s(-1) at 350 degrees C to 7.28 x 10(-6) s 425 degrees C. The Arrhenius parameters of the thermal decomposition of 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane were measured to be A = 5.67 x 10(16) s(-1) and activation energy E-a = 279 kJ/mol. These parameters can be used to estimate decomposition rates at other temperatures and are critical to the successful application of 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane in experimental and modeling studies of surrogate diesel fuels.
C1 [Gough, R. V.; Widegren, J. A.; Bruno, T. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council
FX We acknowledge Dr. David Mendenhall of Eastern Sources, Elmsford, NY,
for synthesizing the sample of 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane that was
used in this work. A National Academy of Sciences/National Research
Council postdoctoral fellowship is gratefully acknowledged by R.V.G.
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0888-5885
J9 IND ENG CHEM RES
JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
PD JUN 19
PY 2013
VL 52
IS 24
BP 8200
EP 8205
DI 10.1021/ie400903z
PG 6
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA 171BB
UT WOS:000320898700012
ER
PT J
AU Sunda, WG
Burleson, C
Hardison, DR
Morey, JS
Wang, Z
Wolny, J
Corcoran, AA
Flewelling, LJ
Van Dolah, FM
AF Sunda, William G.
Burleson, Cheska
Hardison, D. Ransom
Morey, Jeanine S.
Wang, Zhihong
Wolny, Jennifer
Corcoran, Alina A.
Flewelling, Leanne J.
Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI Osmotic stress does not trigger brevetoxin production in the
dinoflagellate Karenia brevis
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE red tides; toxic blooms; HABs
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CHEMICAL DEFENSE;
SODIUM-CHANNELS; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; TOXINS; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE;
PREDATORS
AB With the global proliferation of toxic harmful algal bloom species, there is a need to identify the environmental and biological factors that regulate toxin production. One such species, Karenia brevis, forms nearly annual blooms that threaten coastal regions throughout the Gulf of Mexico. This dinoflagellate produces brevetoxins, which are potent neurotoxins that cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and respiratory illness in humans, as well as massive fish kills. A recent publication reported that a rapid decrease in salinity increased cellular toxin quotas in K. brevis and hypothesized that brevetoxins serve a role in osmoregulation. This finding implied that salinity shifts could significantly alter the toxic effects of blooms. We repeated the original experiments separately in three different laboratories and found no evidence for increased brevetoxin production in response to low-salinity stress in any of the eight K. brevis strains we tested, including three used in the original study. Thus, we find no support for an osmoregulatory function of brevetoxins. The original publication also stated that there was no known cellular function for brevetoxins. However, there is increasing evidence that brevetoxins promote survival of the dinoflagellates by deterring grazing by zooplankton. Whether they have other as-yet-unidentified cellular functions is currently unknown.
C1 [Sunda, William G.; Hardison, D. Ransom] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Burleson, Cheska; Wolny, Jennifer; Corcoran, Alina A.; Flewelling, Leanne J.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Morey, Jeanine S.; Wang, Zhihong; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov
NR 51
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 5
U2 32
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUN 18
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 25
BP 10223
EP 10228
DI 10.1073/pnas.1217716110
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 179DU
UT WOS:000321500200049
PM 23754363
ER
PT J
AU Sunda, WG
Burleson, C
Hardison, DR
Morey, JS
Wang, ZH
Wolny, J
Corcoran, AA
Flewelling, LJ
Van Dolah, FM
AF Sunda, William G.
Burleson, Cheska
Hardison, D. Ransom
Morey, Jeanine S.
Wang, Zhihong
Wolny, Jennifer
Corcoran, Alina A.
Flewelling, Leanne J.
Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI Reply to Errera and Campbell: No, low salinity shock does not increase
brevetoxins in Karenia brevis
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Sunda, William G.; Hardison, D. Ransom] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Burleson, Cheska; Wolny, Jennifer; Corcoran, Alina A.; Flewelling, Leanne J.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Morey, Jeanine S.; Wang, Zhihong; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal & Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD JUN 18
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 25
BP E2256
EP E2256
DI 10.1073/pnas.1307836110
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 179DU
UT WOS:000321500200002
PM 23940842
ER
PT J
AU Chen, JJ
Huang, RYC
Turko, IV
AF Chen, Junjun
Huang, Richard Y. -C.
Turko, Illarion V.
TI Mass Spectrometry Assessment of Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1
Partitioning between Soluble and Particulate Brain Homogenate Fractions
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLEXED ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; CONCATENATED SIGNATURE PEPTIDES;
PARKINSONS-DISEASE; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; UCH-L1; NEURON
AB Partitioning of specific proteins between soluble and insoluble forms because of aggregation, membrane attachment, and (or) association with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles is a major feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimers disease (AD). Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is an example of a neuron-specific protein which displays two different dimerization-dependent catalytic activities and can be farnesylated for membrane attachment, oxidized, and truncated. Decreased levels of soluble UCH-L1 are inversely proportional to the number of neurofibrillary tangles. Further assessment of a link between UCH-L1 function and the pathogenesis of AD requires an analytical method to separately quantify different UCH-L1 forms. In the present study, we have developed a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay to measure UCH-L1 in the high-speed supernatant and pellet of frontal cortex homogenate. The well-characterized N-15-labeled quantification concatamer (QconCAT) carrying prototypic tryptic peptides of UCH-L1 was used as an internal standard. The composed protocol of frontal cortex processing includes solubilization and reduction/alkylation of proteins in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and following with desalting/delipidation of the sample by chloroform/methanol precipitation with extra water washing of the protein pellet. The measurements were performed for frontal cortex samples from control and severe AD donors. The proposed workflow can be recommended for quantification of partitioning of other proteins of interest.
C1 [Chen, Junjun; Huang, Richard Y. -C.; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Chen, Junjun; Huang, Richard Y. -C.; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM iturko@umd.edu
FU Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research
Center Grant [P50 AG05681]
FX This work was supported in part by the Washington University School of
Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Grant (P50 AG05681).
Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified
in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as
completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a
recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or
equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 16
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JUN 18
PY 2013
VL 85
IS 12
BP 6011
EP 6017
DI 10.1021/ac400831z
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 169AL
UT WOS:000320749200055
PM 23682718
ER
PT J
AU Hunsicker, ME
Ciannelli, L
Bailey, KM
Zador, S
Stige, LC
AF Hunsicker, Mary E.
Ciannelli, Lorenzo
Bailey, Kevin M.
Zador, Stephani
Stige, Leif Christian
TI Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in
a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; OSCILLATING CONTROL
HYPOTHESIS; FISH DISTRIBUTIONS; FUTURE CLIMATE; RECRUITMENT; SHELF;
CANNIBALISM; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE
AB There is growing evidence that climate and anthropogenic influences on marine ecosystems are largely manifested by changes in species spatial dynamics. However, less is known about how shifts in species distributions might alter predator-prey overlap and the dynamics of prey populations. We developed a general approach to quantify species spatial overlap and identify the biotic and abiotic variables that dictate the strength of overlap. We used this method to test the hypothesis that population abundance and temperature have a synergistic effect on the spatial overlap of arrowtooth flounder (predator) and juvenile Alaska walleye pollock (prey, age-1) in the eastern Bering Sea. Our analyses indicate that (1) flounder abundance and temperature are key variables dictating the strength of flounder and pollock overlap, (2) changes in the magnitude of overlap may be largely driven by density-dependent habitat selection of flounder, and (3) species overlap is negatively correlated to juvenile pollock recruitment when flounder biomass is high. Overall, our findings suggest that continued increases in flounder abundance coupled with the predicted long-term warming of ocean temperatures could have important implications for the predator-prey dynamics of arrowtooth flounder and juvenile pollock. The approach used in this study is valuable for identifying potential consequences of climate variability and exploitation on species spatial dynamics and interactions in many marine ecosystems.
C1 [Hunsicker, Mary E.; Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Bailey, Kevin M.; Zador, Stephani] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Stige, Leif Christian] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway.
RP Hunsicker, ME (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM hunsicker@nceas.ucsb.edu
RI Stige, Leif/P-6806-2015
OI Stige, Leif/0000-0002-6808-1383
FU National Science Foundation-National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization
(CAMEO) program; Research Council of Norway
FX The National Science Foundation-National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization
(CAMEO) (http://cameo.noaa.gov/) program funded MEH, LC, and KMB for
this work and the Research Council of Norway provided support for LCS.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 46
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 30
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 18
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 6
AR e66025
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0066025
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 166SA
UT WOS:000320576400047
PM 23824707
ER
PT J
AU Schaeffer, BA
Hagy, JD
Stumpf, RP
AF Schaeffer, Blake A.
Hagy, James D.
Stumpf, Richard P.
TI Approach to developing numeric water quality criteria for coastal
waters: transition from SeaWiFS to MODIS and MERIS satellites
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean color; satellite; remote sensing; nutrients; numeric criteria;
chlorophyll-a
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; OCEAN COLOR DATA; CHLOROPHYLL-A;
KARENIA-BREVIS; VARIABILITY; NITROGEN; SUPPORT; IMAGERY
AB States can adopt numeric water quality criteria into their water quality standards to protect the designated uses of their coastal waters from eutrophication impacts. The first objective of this study was to provide an approach for developing numeric water quality criteria for coastal waters based on archived SeaWiFS ocean color satellite data. The second objective was to develop an approach for transferring water quality criteria assessments to newer ocean color satellites, such as MODIS and MERIS. Measures of SeaWiFS, MODIS, and MERIS chlorophyll-a (Chl(RS)-a, mgm(-3)) were resolved across Florida's coastal waters between 1998 and 2009. Annual geometric means of SeaWiFS Chl(RS)-a were evaluated to determine a quantitative reference baseline from the 90th percentile of the annual geometric means. A method for transferring to multiple ocean color sensors was implemented with SeaWiFS as the reference instrument. The Chl(RS)-a annual geometric means for each coastal segment from MODIS and MERIS were regressed against SeaWiFS to provide a similar response among all three satellites. Standardization factors for each coastal segment were calculated based on the differences between 90th percentile from SeaWiFS to MODIS and SeaWiFS to MERIS. This transfer approach was allowed for future assessments, typically with <7% difference in the calculated criteria. (c) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.; Hagy, James D.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
[Stumpf, Richard P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA.
EM schaeffer.blake@epa.gov
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FX The information in this document has been funded in part by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and
approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents
reflect the views of the agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Tetra Tech, Inc. queried in situ data for satellite match-ups. We thank
Zhong Ping Lee at University of Massachusetts, Boston, Curtiss Davis at
Oregon State University, Steven Lohrenz at University of Massachusetts,
Dartmouth, Chuanmin Hu at University of South Florida, and Richard Gould
at the Naval Research Laboratory for their comments and recommendations
in developing this approach.
NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 25
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD JUN 18
PY 2013
VL 7
AR 073544
DI 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073544
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 165SF
UT WOS:000320503200001
ER
PT J
AU Mahlstein, I
Gent, PR
Solomon, S
AF Mahlstein, Irina
Gent, Peter R.
Solomon, Susan
TI Historical Antarctic mean sea ice area, sea ice trends, and winds in
CMIP5 simulations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctic sea ice; CMIP5
ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE CLIMATE; OCEAN; SURFACE; OZONE; CIRCULATION
AB In contrast to Arctic sea ice, average Antarctic sea ice area is not retreating but has slowly increased since satellite measurements began in 1979. While most climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) archive simulate a decrease in Antarctic sea ice area over the recent past, whether these models can be dismissed as being wrong depends on more than just the sign of change compared to observations. We show that internal sea ice variability is large in the Antarctic region, and both the observed and modeled trends may represent natural variations along with external forcing. While several models show a negative trend, only a few of them actually show a trend that is significant compared to their internal variability on the time scales of available observational data. Furthermore, the ability of the models to simulate the mean state of sea ice is also important. The representations of Antarctic sea ice in CMIP5 models have not improved compared to CMIP3 and show an unrealistic spread in the mean state that may influence future sea ice behavior. Finally, Antarctic climate and sea ice area will be affected not only by ocean and air temperature changes but also by changes in the winds. The majority of the CMIP5 models simulate a shift that is too weak compared to observations. Thus, this study identifies several foci for consideration in evaluating and improving the modeling of climate and climate change in the Antarctic region.
C1 [Mahlstein, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mahlstein, Irina] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Gent, Peter R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Solomon, Susan] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
RP Mahlstein, I (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM irina.mahlstein@meteoswiss.ch
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
NR 38
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 29
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5105
EP 5110
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50443
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600004
ER
PT J
AU Chen, RY
Cao, CY
Menzel, WP
AF Chen, Ruiyue
Cao, Changyong
Menzel, W. Paul
TI Intersatellite calibration of NOAA HIRS CO2 channels for climate studies
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE HIRS; IASI; calibration; climate; cloud; CO2
ID BIASES
AB The 30 years of observations from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) longwave CO2 channels aboard the NOAA series of satellites are being used to detect climatological changes of cloud. However, the intersatellite radiance discrepancies in the channels need to be removed for the development of a consistent cloud series using HIRS data. By analyzing the intersatellite radiance comparisons at simultaneous-nadir-overpass locations for HIRS longwave CO2 channels onboard the NOAA and MetOp series of satellites, this study optimizes the spectral response functions (SRF) for each HIRS to generate a more consistent long-term set of observations. Intersatellite radiance biases as large as 5% are found for these channels; the spectral differences and spectral uncertainties are shown to be the main causes. To estimate the radiance change for a specific channel due to SRF difference and uncertainty, a linear model is developed to correlate the radiance change for the channel being analyzed with the spectral radiances in the eight selected HIRS channels. The hyperspectral measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the MetOp satellite are used to simulate HIRS observations and estimate the parameters of the linear models. The linear models are applied to the NOAA and MetOp HIRS data at simultaneous-nadir-overpass locations to estimate the intersatellite radiance differences due to the SRF differences and uncertainties. The intersatellite mean radiance biases are minimized toward zero with residual maximum uncertainty less than 1% after the SRF differences and uncertainties are mitigated. Using the MetOp Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer as a reference, the optimized SRFs for every NOAA HIRS are found by effectively minimizing the root-mean-square values of the intersatellite radiance differences. The optimized shifts of the SRF can be as large as 3 cm(-1).
C1 [Chen, Ruiyue] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Cao, Changyong] Univ Res Court, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA.
[Menzel, W. Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
RP Chen, RY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, IM Syst Grp, 5825 Univ Res Ct 1500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM ruiyue.chen@noaa.gov
RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; chen, ruiyue/F-6708-2010; Menzel, W.
Paul/B-8306-2011
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201
FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research; Climate Data Record
Program by the National Climate Data Center at NOAA/National
Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
FX The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for
their constructive comments and suggestions. Thanks are extended to Pubu
Ciren, Likun Wang, and the GSICS program for early processing and
verification of the historical NOAA HIRS data. This work is partially
funded by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research and the
Climate Data Record Program by the National Climate Data Center at
NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service.
The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do
not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of
NOAA or the U.S. government.
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5190
EP 5203
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50447
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600011
ER
PT J
AU Bond, TC
Doherty, SJ
Fahey, DW
Forster, PM
Berntsen, T
DeAngelo, BJ
Flanner, MG
Ghan, S
Karcher, B
Koch, D
Kinne, S
Kondo, Y
Quinn, PK
Sarofim, MC
Schultz, MG
Schulz, M
Venkataraman, C
Zhang, H
Zhang, S
Bellouin, N
Guttikunda, SK
Hopke, PK
Jacobson, MZ
Kaiser, JW
Klimont, Z
Lohmann, U
Schwarz, JP
Shindell, D
Storelvmo, T
Warren, SG
Zender, CS
AF Bond, T. C.
Doherty, S. J.
Fahey, D. W.
Forster, P. M.
Berntsen, T.
DeAngelo, B. J.
Flanner, M. G.
Ghan, S.
Kaercher, B.
Koch, D.
Kinne, S.
Kondo, Y.
Quinn, P. K.
Sarofim, M. C.
Schultz, M. G.
Schulz, M.
Venkataraman, C.
Zhang, H.
Zhang, S.
Bellouin, N.
Guttikunda, S. K.
Hopke, P. K.
Jacobson, M. Z.
Kaiser, J. W.
Klimont, Z.
Lohmann, U.
Schwarz, J. P.
Shindell, D.
Storelvmo, T.
Warren, S. G.
Zender, C. S.
TI Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific
assessment
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Review
DE black carbon; climate forcing; aerosol
ID AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BIOMASS BURNING
EMISSIONS; CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; AIRBORNE
PARTICULATE MATTER; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT;
FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE
AB Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties. This assessment provides an evaluation of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice. These effects are calculated with climate models, but when possible, they are evaluated with both microphysical measurements and field observations. Predominant sources are combustion related, namely, fossil fuels for transportation, solid fuels for industrial and residential uses, and open burning of biomass. Total global emissions of black carbon using bottom-up inventory methods are 7500 Gg yr(-1) in the year 2000 with an uncertainty range of 2000 to 29000. However, global atmospheric absorption attributable to black carbon is too low in many models and should be increased by a factor of almost 3. After this scaling, the best estimate for the industrial-era (1750 to 2005) direct radiative forcing of atmospheric black carbon is +0.71 W m(-2) with 90% uncertainty bounds of (+0.08, +1.27) W m(-2). Total direct forcing by all black carbon sources, without subtracting the preindustrial background, is estimated as +0.88 (+0.17, +1.48) W m(-2). Direct radiative forcing alone does not capture important rapid adjustment mechanisms. A framework is described and used for quantifying climate forcings, including rapid adjustments. The best estimate of industrial-era climate forcing of black carbon through all forcing mechanisms, including clouds and cryosphere forcing, is +1.1 W m(-2) with 90% uncertainty bounds of +0.17 to +2.1 W m(-2). Thus, there is a very high probability that black carbon emissions, independent of co-emitted species, have a positive forcing and warm the climate. We estimate that black carbon, with a total climate forcing of +1.1 W m(-2), is the second most important human emission in terms of its climate forcing in the present-day atmosphere; only carbon dioxide is estimated to have a greater forcing. Sources that emit black carbon also emit other short-lived species that may either cool or warm climate. Climate forcings from co-emitted species are estimated and used in the framework described herein. When the principal effects of short-lived co-emissions, including cooling agents such as sulfur dioxide, are included in net forcing, energy-related sources (fossil fuel and biofuel) have an industrial-era climate forcing of +0.22 (-0.50 to +1.08) W m(-2) during the first year after emission. For a few of these sources, such as diesel engines and possibly residential biofuels, warming is strong enough that eliminating all short-lived emissions from these sources would reduce net climate forcing (i.e., produce cooling). When open burning emissions, which emit high levels of organic matter, are included in the total, the best estimate of net industrial-era climate forcing by all short-lived species from black-carbon-rich sources becomes slightly negative (-0.06 W m(-2) with 90% uncertainty bounds of -1.45 to +1.29 W m(-2)).
The uncertainties in net climate forcing from black-carbon-rich sources are substantial, largely due to lack of knowledge about cloud interactions with both black carbon and co-emitted organic carbon. In prioritizing potential black-carbon mitigation actions, non-science factors, such as technical feasibility, costs, policy design, and implementation feasibility play important roles. The major sources of black carbon are presently in different stages with regard to the feasibility for near-term mitigation. This assessment, by evaluating the large number and complexity of the associated physical and radiative processes in black-carbon climate forcing, sets a baseline from which to improve future climate forcing estimates.
C1 [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Doherty, S. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fahey, D. W.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Forster, P. M.] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
[Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
[DeAngelo, B. J.; Sarofim, M. C.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Flanner, M. G.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Ghan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Kaercher, B.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany.
[Koch, D.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
[Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst, Hamburg, Germany.
[Kondo, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
[Quinn, P. K.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
[Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Venkataraman, C.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India.
[Zhang, H.] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, S.] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Bellouin, N.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Guttikunda, S. K.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
[Hopke, P. K.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA.
[Jacobson, M. Z.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Kaiser, J. W.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Kaiser, J. W.] Kings Coll London, London, England.
[Kaiser, J. W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Klimont, Z.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
[Lohmann, U.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shindell, D.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[Storelvmo, T.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
[Warren, S. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Zender, C. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
RP Bond, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM yark@uiuc.edu
RI Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Forster,
Piers/F-9829-2010; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Zender, Charles/D-4485-2012; Kaiser,
Johannes/A-7057-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Karcher,
Bernd/D-5325-2014; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Flanner,
Mark/C-6139-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013;
Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Schulz,
Michael/A-6930-2011; Klimont, Zbigniew/P-7641-2015; Ghan,
Steven/H-4301-2011; Hopke, Philip/C-6020-2008
OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895;
Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X;
Zender, Charles/0000-0003-0129-8024; Kaiser,
Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Karcher, Bernd/0000-0003-0278-4980;
schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X;
Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968;
Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Schulz,
Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Klimont, Zbigniew/0000-0003-2630-198X;
Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Hopke, Philip/0000-0003-2367-9661
FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project; Climate
Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA); Radiation Sciences Program of the National Aeronautic and Space
Administration (NASA); CSC; Tully Graphics; IGAC via the Joint Institute
for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA
[NA10OAR4320148, 2035]; U.S. EPA [RD-83503401]; NASA [RD-83503401]; NSF
[ATM 08-52775]; DOE [DE-SC0006689, DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Royal Society
Wolfson Research Merit award; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre
Climate Programme [GA01101]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC)
program; DOE Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System
Models (EaSM) program; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology (MEXT); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); global
environment research fund of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment
[A-1101]; EUCAARI project (EU-FP6) [34684]; U.S. National Science
Foundation; European Union Seventh Research Framework Programme (MACC
project) [218793]; U.S. NSF [ARC-06-12636]; National Basic Research
Program of China [2011CB403405]
FX This assessment is a contribution of the IGBP-IGAC/WCRP-SPARC
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Initiative (AC&C). The authors
acknowledge financial and technical support from the International
Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project
(http://igac.jisao.washington.edu/index.php), C. Koblinsky of the
Climate Program Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), H. Maring of the Radiation Sciences Program of
the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), Rose Kendall of
CSC, and Beth Tully of Tully Graphics. IGAC funding for this project is
via the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
(JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution
No. 2035. The authors are grateful to Ray Minjares and the International
Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) and Catherine Witherspoon of the
ClimateWorks Foundation for encouragement to undertake this effort. The
authors wish to thank the AeroCom modeling community and the AERONET
data providers for their great help in providing basic data sets,
further analyzed here. Olivier Boucher is thanked for his substantial
contribution to section 9 and his careful review and subsequent
discussion with the author team on the entire manuscript. We also thank
N. Riemer of the University of Illinois for particle-resolved simulation
results in Figure 6, N. Mahowald of Cornell University for dust fields
in Figure 12, and D. M. Winker of NASA for providing the CALIPSO data in
Figure 16. A. Heil is thanked for providing information on biomass fuel
loads and M. O. Andreae for providing updates of his biomass burning
emission factor compilation. E. Baum, J. Bachmann, R. Minjares, K. Ram,
V. Ramanathan, and D. Zaelke are thanked for reading and providing
comments that improved the document. T. C. Bond acknowledges support for
related work under U.S. EPA RD-83503401, NASA RD-83503401, NSF ATM
08-52775, and DOE DE-SC0006689. Piers Forster acknowledges support from
a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit award. N. Bellouin was supported
by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme
(GA01101). S. Ghan was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing
(SciDAC) program, and the DOE Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction
using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under
contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Y. Kondo was supported by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), strategic
international cooperative program of Japan Science and Technology Agency
(JST), and the global environment research fund of the Japanese Ministry
of the Environment (A-1101). For P. K. Quinn's work, this is NOAA PMEL
contribution no. 3786. M. Schulz received funding support through the
EUCAARI project (EU-FP6 Contract 34684). M. Z. Jacobson received funding
from the U.S. National Science Foundation. J. W. Kaiser was supported by
the European Union Seventh Research Framework Programme (MACC project,
contract number 218793). S. G. Warren acknowledges support from U.S. NSF
grant ARC-06-12636. H. Zhang was funded by the National Basic Research
Program of China (2011CB403405). The views expressed in this paper are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
NR 867
TC 936
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5380
EP 5552
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50171
PG 173
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600025
ER
PT J
AU DeWitt, HL
Coffman, DJ
Schulz, KJ
Brewer, WA
Bates, TS
Quinn, PK
AF DeWitt, H. Langley
Coffman, Derek J.
Schulz, Kristen J.
Brewer, W. Alan
Bates, Timothy S.
Quinn, Patricia K.
TI Atmospheric aerosol properties over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the
impact of the Madden-Julian Oscillation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE middle atmosphere; atmospheric composition; ozone chemistry; atmospheric
transport
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; ORGANIC AEROSOLS;
PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ATLANTIC;
CLOUDS; SIZE; PRECIPITATION
AB The chemical, physical, and optical properties of sub- and supermicrometer aerosols over the equatorial Indian Ocean were measured on board the R/V Revelle during the fall 2011 Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation field campaign. During this time, both the retreating of the Asian monsoon and two Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events were observed. The R/V Revelle was on station (0.1 degrees N and 80.5 degrees E) to measure atmospheric and oceanic conditions between 4 October and 30 October 2011 (Leg 2) and 11 November and 4 December 2011 (Leg 3). Throughout the campaign, background marine atmospheric conditions were usually observed. As the Asian monsoon season retreated over the boreal fall and the general wind direction changed from southerly to northerly transporting, respectively, clean marine and polluted continental air masses, the average submicrometer aerosol mass nearly doubled from Leg 2 to Leg 3 and the aerosol appeared to be more influenced by continental sources. The effect of MJO-associated convection anomalies on aerosols in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL) was measured during November when a complete MJO convection wave moved over the equatorial Indian Ocean and during October when a partial MJO event was observed. MJO-associated convection strongly affected the local aerosol as increased vertical mixing introduced new particles into the MBL, rainout cleared the atmosphere of submicrometer aerosol particles, and high winds enhanced the concentration of sea salt aerosol particles in the local atmosphere. Four stages of MJO-affected aerosol population changes in the remote Indian Ocean are defined.
C1 [DeWitt, H. Langley; Coffman, Derek J.; Schulz, Kristen J.; Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[DeWitt, H. Langley] Aix Marseille Univ, LCE, Equipe Instrumentat & Reactivite Atmospher IRAA, F-13331 Marseille, France.
[Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP DeWitt, HL (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, LCE, Equipe Instrumentat & Reactivite Atmospher IRAA, F-13331 Marseille, France.
EM langleydew@gmail.com
RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU National Research Council; NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO Earth System
Science Program)
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Research Council and
the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO Earth System Science Program) for
funding H. Langley DeWitt and the aerosol measurement component of the
DYNAMO research project. We would also like to acknowledge the captain
and crew of the R/V Revelle as well as Chief Scientist Jim Moum and the
other scientists onboard the Revelle for their help facilitating this
science cruise and the scientific discussions onboard. Alexander Smirnov
at NASA Aeronet analyzed the Microtops AOT data. Ludovich Bariteau at
NOAA ESRL provided the wind stress and significant wave height data
reported in the paper. Thanks also go to James Johnson and Drew Hamilton
at the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
for their help with instrument calibration and shipping.
NR 57
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U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5736
EP 5749
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50419
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600038
ER
PT J
AU Ren, XR
van Duin, D
Cazorla, M
Chen, S
Mao, JQ
Zhang, L
Brune, WH
Flynn, JH
Grossberg, N
Lefer, BL
Rappengluck, B
Wong, KW
Tsai, C
Stutz, J
Dibb, JE
Jobson, BT
Luke, WT
Kelley, P
AF Ren, Xinrong
van Duin, Diana
Cazorla, Maria
Chen, Shuang
Mao, Jingqiu
Zhang, Li
Brune, William H.
Flynn, James H.
Grossberg, Nicole
Lefer, Barry L.
Rappenglueck, Bernhard
Wong, Kam W.
Tsai, Catalina
Stutz, Jochen
Dibb, Jack E.
Jobson, B. Thomas
Luke, Winston T.
Kelley, Paul
TI Atmospheric oxidation chemistry and ozone production: Results from SHARP
2009 in Houston, Texas
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Photochemsitry; Ozone Production; Houston; SHARP
ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL
MECHANISM; PEROXY RADICAL CHEMISTRY; MISSING OH SOURCE; MCM V3 PART; HO2
CONCENTRATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; FIELD CAMPAIGN; MODELED OH
AB Ozone (O-3) and secondary fine particles come from the atmospheric oxidation chemistry that involves the hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), which are together called HOx. Radical precursors such as nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) significantly affect the HOx budget in urban environments. These chemical processes connect surface anthropogenic and natural emissions to local and regional air pollution. Using the data collected during the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP) in spring 2009, we examine atmospheric oxidation chemistry and O-3 production in this polluted urban environment. A numerical box model with five different chemical mechanisms was used to simulate the oxidation processes and thus OH and HO2 in this study. In general, the model reproduced the measured OH and HO2 with all five chemical mechanisms producing similar levels of OH and HO2, although midday OH was overpredicted and nighttime OH and HO2 were underpredicted. The calculated HOx production was dominated by HONO photolysis in the early morning and by the photolysis of O-3 and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in the midday. On average, the daily HOx production rate was 24.6 ppbv d(-1), of which 30% was from O-3 photolysis, 22% from HONO photolysis, 15% from the photolysis of OVOCs (other than HCHO), 14% from HCHO photolysis, and 13% from O-3 reactions with alkenes. The O-3 production was sensitive to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the early morning but was sensitive to NOx for most of afternoon. This is similar to the behavior observed in two previous summertime studies in Houston: the Texas Air Quality Study in 2000 (TexAQS 2000) and the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project in 2006 (TRAMP 2006). Ozone production in SHARP exhibits a longer NOx-sensitive period than TexAQS 2000 and TRAMP 2006, indicating that NOx control may be an efficient approach for the O-3 control in springtime for Houston. Results from this study provide additional support for regulatory actions to reduce NOx and reactive VOCs in Houston in order to reduce O-3 and other secondary pollutants.
C1 [Ren, Xinrong] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Ren, Xinrong; Luke, Winston T.; Kelley, Paul] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
[van Duin, Diana; Cazorla, Maria; Chen, Shuang; Zhang, Li; Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Cazorla, Maria] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Flynn, James H.; Grossberg, Nicole; Lefer, Barry L.; Rappenglueck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA.
[Wong, Kam W.; Tsai, Catalina; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Wong, Kam W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Jobson, B. Thomas] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Ren, XR (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
EM Xinrong.Ren@noaa.gov
RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015; Stutz,
Jochen/K-7159-2014; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016;
Kelley, Paul/C-9155-2016;
OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666;
Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241;
Cazorla, Maria/0000-0001-5295-2968
FU Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC); Texas Commission for
Environmental Quality (TCEQ) through Air Quality Research Program (AQRP)
at University of Texas-Austin
FX The authors thank Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) and Texas
Commission for Environmental Quality (TCEQ) through Air Quality Research
Program (AQRP) at University of Texas-Austin for funding, other SHARP
participating groups for the use of their data in the study, and W.
Goliff for providing the RACM2 mechanism. Although this article has been
subject to the reviews by TCEQ and NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, it
does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agencies and no official
endorsement should be inferred.
NR 59
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5770
EP 5780
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50342
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600040
ER
PT J
AU Ryerson, TB
Andrews, AE
Angevine, WM
Bates, TS
Brock, CA
Cairns, B
Cohen, RC
Cooper, OR
de Gouw, JA
Fehsenfeld, FC
Ferrare, RA
Fischer, ML
Flagan, RC
Goldstein, AH
Hair, JW
Hardesty, RM
Hostetler, CA
Jimenez, JL
Langford, AO
McCauley, E
McKeen, SA
Molina, LT
Nenes, A
Oltmans, SJ
Parrish, DD
Pederson, JR
Pierce, RB
Prather, K
Quinn, PK
Seinfeld, JH
Senff, CJ
Sorooshian, A
Stutz, J
Surratt, JD
Trainer, M
Volkamer, R
Williams, EJ
Wofsy, SC
AF Ryerson, T. B.
Andrews, A. E.
Angevine, W. M.
Bates, T. S.
Brock, C. A.
Cairns, B.
Cohen, R. C.
Cooper, O. R.
de Gouw, J. A.
Fehsenfeld, F. C.
Ferrare, R. A.
Fischer, M. L.
Flagan, R. C.
Goldstein, A. H.
Hair, J. W.
Hardesty, R. M.
Hostetler, C. A.
Jimenez, J. L.
Langford, A. O.
McCauley, E.
McKeen, S. A.
Molina, L. T.
Nenes, A.
Oltmans, S. J.
Parrish, D. D.
Pederson, J. R.
Pierce, R. B.
Prather, K.
Quinn, P. K.
Seinfeld, J. H.
Senff, C. J.
Sorooshian, A.
Stutz, J.
Surratt, J. D.
Trainer, M.
Volkamer, R.
Williams, E. J.
Wofsy, S. C.
TI The 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate
Change (CalNex) field study
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Review
DE California; air quality; climate change; field study; CalNex
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MARINE
BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MILAGRO 2006 CAMPAIGN;
IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; 2-DIMENSIONAL
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLLUTED URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION
LIDAR
AB The California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field study was conducted throughout California in May, June, and July of 2010. The study was organized to address issues simultaneously relevant to atmospheric pollution and climate change, including (1) emission inventory assessment, (2) atmospheric transport and dispersion, (3) atmospheric chemical processing, and (4) cloud-aerosol interactions and aerosol radiative effects. Measurements from networks of ground sites, a research ship, tall towers, balloon-borne ozonesondes, multiple aircraft, and satellites provided in situ and remotely sensed data on trace pollutant and greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol chemical composition and microphysical properties, cloud microphysics, and meteorological parameters. This overview report provides operational information for the variety of sites, platforms, and measurements, their joint deployment strategy, and summarizes findings that have resulted from the collaborative analyses of the CalNex field study. Climate-relevant findings from CalNex include that leakage from natural gas infrastructure may account for the excess of observed methane over emission estimates in Los Angeles. Air-quality relevant findings include the following: mobile fleet VOC significantly declines, and NOx emissions continue to have an impact on ozone in the Los Angeles basin; the relative contributions of diesel and gasoline emission to secondary organic aerosol are not fully understood; and nighttime NO3 chemistry contributes significantly to secondary organic aerosol mass in the San Joaquin Valley. Findings simultaneously relevant to climate and air quality include the following: marine vessel emissions changes due to fuel sulfur and speed controls result in a net warming effect but have substantial positive impacts on local air quality.
C1 [Ryerson, T. B.; Angevine, W. M.; Brock, C. A.; Cooper, O. R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Langford, A. O.; McKeen, S. A.; Parrish, D. D.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Angevine, W. M.; Cooper, O. R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Hardesty, R. M.; Jimenez, J. L.; McKeen, S. A.; Oltmans, S. J.; Senff, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Cairns, B.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ferrare, R. A.; Hair, J. W.; Hostetler, C. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Fischer, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McCauley, E.; Pederson, J. R.] Calif Air Resources Board, Atmospher Processes Res Sect, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Molina, L. T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Molina, L. T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA.
[Prather, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP Ryerson, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
EM thomas.b.ryerson@noaa.gov
RI Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Bates,
Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Cohen,
Ronald/A-8842-2011; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Cooper,
Owen/H-4875-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Goldstein,
Allen/A-6857-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Andrews,
Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Surratt,
Jason/D-3611-2009; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Senff,
Christoph/I-2592-2013
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Volkamer,
Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895;
Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Cairns,
Brian/0000-0002-1980-1022; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264;
Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061;
Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116;
Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Parrish,
David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Surratt,
Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450;
FU NOAA Air Quality program; California Air Resources Board; NOAA Climate
Change program [NA090AR4310128]; DOE Atmospheric Systems Research
Program; NASA Radiation Sciences and Tropospheric Chemistry programs;
NOAA Office of Global Programs; California Energy Commission (CEC)
Public Interest Environmental Research Program; LBNL Laboratory Directed
Research through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US
Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation
FX We thank L. Dolislager (CARB) for the description of existing long-term
criteria pollutant, greenhouse gas, and meteorological measurement sites
in California. We also thank G. Sanger and B. Ochs (NWS San Joaquin
Valley/Hanford Weather Forecast Office) and L. Dolislager and J.
Pederson (CARB) for meteorological forecast summaries. The R/V Atlantis
cruise and NOAA P-3 flights were supported, in part, by the NOAA Climate
Change and, in part, by the NOAA Air Quality programs. NOAA Twin Otter
flights were supported by the NOAA Air Quality program and the
California Air Resources Board. CIRPAS Twin Otter flights were supported
by the NOAA Climate Change program under contract NA090AR4310128. NASA
B200 flights were supported by the DOE Atmospheric Systems Research
Program and the NASA Radiation Sciences and Tropospheric Chemistry
programs. Data collection at the CALGEM tall tower sites was supported
by the NOAA Office of Global Programs, the California Energy Commission
(CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program, and LBNL
Laboratory Directed Research through the U.S. Department of Energy under
contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Researchers at the ground sites were
supported by the California Air Resources Board, the NOAA Office of
Global Programs, the US Department of Energy, and the US National
Science Foundation.
NR 279
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 9
U2 144
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5830
EP 5866
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50331
PG 37
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600045
ER
PT J
AU Pollack, IB
Ryerson, TB
Trainer, M
Neuman, JA
Roberts, JM
Parrish, DD
AF Pollack, Ilana B.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Trainer, Michael
Neuman, J. A.
Roberts, James M.
Parrish, David D.
TI Trends in ozone, its precursors, and related secondary oxidation
products in Los Angeles, California: A synthesis of measurements from
1960 to 2010
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Review
DE long-term trends; Los Angeles; ozone; nitrogen oxides; volatile organic
compounds; secondary oxidation products
ID COAST AIR BASIN; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POWER-PLANT PLUMES;
HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; VEHICLE
EMISSIONS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; AMBIENT AIR; CONTROL STRATEGIES
AB Decreases in ozone (O-3) observed in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) over the past five decades have resulted from decreases in local emissions of its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ozone precursors have been characterized in the SoCAB with measurements dating back to 1960. Here we compile an extensive historical data set using measurements in the SoCAB between 1960 and 2010. Faster rates of decrease have occurred in abundances of VOCs (-7.30.7%yr(-1)) than in NOx (-2.60.3%yr(-1)), which have resulted in a decrease in VOC/NOx ratio (-4.80.9%yr(-1)) over time. Trends in the NOx oxidation products peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and nitric acid (HNO3), measured in the SoCAB since 1973, show changes in ozone production chemistry resulting from changes in precursor emissions. Decreases in abundances of PAN (-9.31.1%yr(-1)) and HNO3 (-3.0 +/- 0.8%yr(-1)) reflect trends in VOC and NOx precursors. Enhancement ratios of O-3 to (PAN+HNO3) show no detectable trend in ozone production efficiency, while a positive trend in the oxidized fraction of total reactive nitrogen (+2.2 +/- 0.5%yr(-1)) suggests that atmospheric oxidation rates of NOx have increased over time as a result of the emissions changes. Changes in NOx oxidation pathways have increasingly favored production of HNO3, a radical termination product associated with quenching the ozone formation cycle.
C1 [Pollack, Ilana B.; Neuman, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael; Neuman, J. A.; Roberts, James M.; Parrish, David D.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Pollack, IB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,MS R CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ilana.pollack@noaa.gov
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Pollack,
Ilana/F-9875-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson,
Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727;
NR 105
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 17
U2 87
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 11
BP 5893
EP 5911
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50472
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 228TG
UT WOS:000325212600047
ER
PT J
AU Fang, TW
Akmaev, R
Fuller-Rowell, T
Wu, F
Maruyama, N
Millward, G
AF Fang, Tzu-Wei
Akmaev, Rashid
Fuller-Rowell, Tim
Wu, Fei
Maruyama, Naomi
Millward, George
TI Longitudinal and day-to-day variability in the ionosphere from lower
atmosphere tidal forcing
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE model simulation; impact of lower atmosphere; ionospheric variability
ID MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; RADAR
AB Simulations with the global ionosphere plasmasphere model driven by whole atmosphere model winds show significant longitudinal and day-to-day variations in the ionospheric parameters. Under fixed solar and geomagnetic activity levels, the contributions of lower atmosphere tides to the longitudinal and day-to-day variability in the upper atmosphere are estimated. Larger relative variability is found in the nighttime than in the daytime, which is consistent with observations. The perturbations from the lower atmosphere contribute about half of the observed variability in the ionospheric F-2 peak plasma density under moderate solar activity and geomagnetic quiet conditions. The daily variability of the equatorial vertical plasma drifts is primarily driven by the day-to-day amplitude changes of the migrating semidiurnal tide, while the wave-4 and wave-3 longitudinal variations during September are dominated by the nonmigrating diurnal eastward propagating tides with zonal wave numbers 3 and 2, respectively.
C1 [Fang, Tzu-Wei; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wu, Fei; Maruyama, Naomi; Millward, George] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Akmaev, Rashid] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Fang, TW (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tzu-wei.fang@noaa.gov
RI Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013
FU NASA [NNX11A061G]
FX Funding for this research was provided by NASA Heliosphysics Theory
Program grant NNX11A061G.
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2523
EP 2528
DI 10.1002/grl.50550
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600009
ER
PT J
AU McPhaden, MJ
Foltz, GR
AF McPhaden, M. J.
Foltz, G. R.
TI Intraseasonal variations in the surface layer heat balance of the
central equatorial Indian Ocean: The importance of zonal advection and
vertical mixing
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE air-sea interaction; Indian Ocean; mixed layer processes
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; MONSOON; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE;
ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC
AB We examine the ocean mixed layer response to intraseasonal atmospheric forcing using moored time series data in the central equatorial Indian Ocean for October 2004 to March 2005, a period coincident with two active phases of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Both MJO events were accompanied by a sea surface temperature decrease that was partially the consequence of reduced net surface heat flux. In addition, during the first event in October-November 2004, advection by an enhanced Wyrtki Jet contributed substantial cooling, while during the second event in December 2004 to January 2005, vertical processes, most likely related to entrainment mixing, were pronounced. Heavy rainfall at the mooring location during the first event may have contributed to the formation of a 30-40m thick barrier layer that limited turbulent vertical transfers between the mixed layer and the thermocline. There was no barrier layer present during the second event, which presumably allowed for much freer vertical turbulent exchanges.
C1 [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Foltz, G. R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Michael.J.Mcphaden@noaa.gov
RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X;
FU NOAA
FX This work was supported by NOAA. We thank Ren-Chieh Lien of the
University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory and an anonymous
reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript
and Dai McClurg of PMEL for assistance with graphics. PMEL contribution
4007.
NR 22
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2737
EP 2741
DI 10.1002/grl.50536
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600048
ER
PT J
AU Mitchell, DM
Thorne, PW
Stott, PA
Gray, LJ
AF Mitchell, D. M.
Thorne, P. W.
Stott, P. A.
Gray, L. J.
TI Revisiting the controversial issue of tropical tropospheric temperature
trends
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE tropical temperature trends; radiosonde; observational uncertainty;
CMIP5; amplification factors; horizontal resolution
ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; ATTRIBUTION;
ATMOSPHERE; MODELS
AB Controversy remains over a discrepancy between modeled and observed tropical upper tropospheric temperature trends. This discrepancy is reassessed using simulations from the Coupled Climate Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP 5) together with radiosonde and surface observations that provide multiple realizations of possible observed temperatures given various methods of homogenizing the data. Over the 1979-2008 period, tropical temperature trends are not consistent with observations throughout the depth of the troposphere, and this primarily stems from a poor simulation of the surface temperature trends. This discrepancy is substantially reduced when (1) atmosphere-only simulations are examined or (2) the trends are considered as an amplification of the surface temperature trend with height. Using these approaches, it is shown that within observational uncertainty, the 5-95 percentile range of temperature trends from both coupled-ocean and atmosphere-only models are consistent with the analyzed observations at all but the upper most tropospheric level (150 hPa), and models with ultra-high horizontal resolution ( 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees) perform particularly well. Other than model resolution, it is hypothesized that this remaining discrepancy could be due to a poor representation of stratospheric ozone or remaining observational uncertainty.
C1 [Mitchell, D. M.; Gray, L. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England.
[Thorne, P. W.] NCSU, CICS NC, Asheville, NC USA.
[Thorne, P. W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
[Stott, P. A.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Gray, L. J.] NERC NCAS, Oxford, England.
RP Mitchell, DM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England.
EM mitchell@atm.ox.ac.uk
RI Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014
OI Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Mitchell, Daniel/0000-0002-0117-3486;
Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798
FU UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC); DECC/Defra Met Office
Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]
FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments, and
Ben Santer for providing the MALR profile used in our analysis. D.M.M.
was supported by a grant from the UK Natural Environmental Research
Council (NERC). P.A.S. was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office
Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101).
NR 28
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2801
EP 2806
DI 10.1002/grl.50465
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600059
ER
PT J
AU Mehta, VM
Wang, H
Mendoza, K
AF Mehta, Vikram M.
Wang, Hui
Mendoza, Katherin
TI Decadal predictability of tropical basin average and global average sea
surface temperatures in CMIP5 experiments with the HadCM3, GFDL-CM2.1,
NCAR-CCSM4, and MIROC5 global Earth System Models
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Decadal Predictability
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE MODELS; PREDICTION
AB This paper describes initial results from a broadscale study to assess decadal climate hindcast skills of the HadCM3, GFDL-CM2.1, NCAR-CCSM4, and MIROC5 global Earth System Models (ESMs) in experiments conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. Analyses of decadal hindcast and simulation experiments using historical aerosol optical depths show statistically significant decadal predictability skill of global average and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies during 1961-2010. The skill, however, varies by averaging region and decade. It was also found that volcanic eruptions influence SSTs and are one of the sources of decadal SST hindcast skill. In the actual climate system, however, volcanic eruptions themselves are not predictable, and therefore, their effects on the climate system can only be predicted after eruptions. In the four ESMs utilized in this study, decadal hindcast skills of SST anomalies over ocean basin size averaging regions generally improve due to model initialization with observed data.
C1 [Mehta, Vikram M.; Wang, Hui; Mendoza, Katherin] Ctr Res Changing Earth Syst, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
[Wang, Hui] Wyle ST&E Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Wang, Hui] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Mehta, VM (reprint author), Ctr Res Changing Earth Syst, 5523 Res Pk Dr,Suite 315, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
EM vikram@crces.org
RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008
FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and
Agriculture [2011-67003-30213]
FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture under grant
2011-67003-30213 in the NSF-USDA- DOE Earth System Modelling Program.
The authors are grateful to Doug Smith (U.K. Meteorological
Office-Hadley Centre, U.K.), Tom Delworth (NOAA-Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory, U.S.A.), and Toru Nozawa (National Institue for
Environmental Studies, Japan) for discussions about the CMIP5
experiments conducted with their respective models and about the aerosol
data used in these experiments. We thank the editor and two anonymous
reviewers for their constructive comments that have substantially
improved this paper.
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2807
EP 2812
DI 10.1002/grl.50236
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600060
ER
PT J
AU Adams, DK
Gutman, SI
Holub, KL
Pereira, DS
AF Adams, D. K.
Gutman, Seth I.
Holub, Kirk L.
Pereira, Dulcineide S.
TI GNSS observations of deep convective time scales in the Amazon
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE GNSS; GPS; convection; tropical meteorology; water vapor
ID PRECIPITABLE WATER-VAPOR; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION;
RADIOSONDE; CAMPAIGN; SYSTEMS; SHALLOW; TROPICS; CYCLE
AB In the tropics, understanding the shallow-to-deep transition and organization of convection on the mesoscale is made difficult due the paucity of long-term high spatial/temporal resolution data. In this paper, data from the world's first long-term equatorial Global Navigational Satellite System meteorological station in Manaus (Central Amazon) is used to create a new metric, a water vapor convergence time scale, to characterize the temporal evolution of deep convection over a tropical continental region. From 3.5years of data, 320 convective events were analyzed using a compositing analysis. Results reveal two characteristic time scales of water vapor convergence; an 8h time scale of weak convergence and 4h timescale of intense water vapor convergence associated with the shallow-to-deep convection transition. The 4h shallow-to-deep transition time scale is particularly robust, regardless of convective intensity, seasonality, or nocturnal versus daytime convection. This new result provides a useful metric for both high resolution and global climate models to replicate.
C1 [Adams, D. K.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Gutman, Seth I.; Holub, Kirk L.] Natl Atmospher & Ocean Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Adams, D. K.] Univ Estado Amazonas, Programa Clima & Ambiente, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
[Pereira, Dulcineide S.] Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
RP Adams, DK (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Circuito Exterior S-N,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
EM dave.k.adams@gmail.com
RI Holub, Kirk/N-3744-2014
OI Holub, Kirk/0000-0001-5378-576X
FU INPA/LBA, Brazil
FX We would like thank INPA/LBA, Brazil, for financial support (Antonio
Manzi, Hilandia Cunha). For technical support, we thank Cicero Leite
(INPA/LBA) and UNAVCO, in particular, Jim Normandeau. We thank Yolande
Serra for comments on a previous draft and Luiz Machado and Roberto
Freitas (INPE/DSA, Brazil) for GOES data. Special thanks go to Rob
Kursinski and Rick Bennett for encouraging/supporting this project from
its inception.
NR 25
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Z9 12
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2818
EP 2823
DI 10.1002/grl.50573
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600062
ER
PT J
AU Parazoo, NC
Bowman, K
Frankenberg, C
Lee, JE
Fisher, JB
Worden, J
Jones, DBA
Berry, J
Collatz, GJ
Baker, IT
Jung, M
Liu, JJ
Osterman, G
O'Dell, C
Sparks, A
Butz, A
Guerlet, S
Yoshida, Y
Chen, HL
Gerbig, C
AF Parazoo, Nicholas C.
Bowman, Kevin
Frankenberg, Christian
Lee, Jung-Eun
Fisher, Joshua B.
Worden, John
Jones, Dylan B. A.
Berry, Joseph
Collatz, G. James
Baker, Ian T.
Jung, Martin
Liu, Junjie
Osterman, Gregory
O'Dell, Chris
Sparks, Athena
Butz, Andre
Guerlet, Sandrine
Yoshida, Yukio
Chen, Huilin
Gerbig, Christoph
TI Interpreting seasonal changes in the carbon balance of southern Amazonia
using measurements of XCO2 and chlorophyll fluorescence from GOSAT
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon cycle; amazon; satellite remote sensing; GOSAT; chlorophyll
fluorescence; biomass burning
ID CO2 RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RAIN-FOREST; DROUGHT; DIOXIDE;
DIEBACK; SPACE; LAND
AB Amazon forests exert a major influence on the global carbon cycle, but quantifying the impact is complicated by diverse landscapes and sparse data. Here we examine seasonal carbon balance in southern Amazonia using new measurements of column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) from July 2009 to December 2010. SIF, which reflects gross primary production (GPP), is used to disentangle the photosynthetic component of land-atmosphere carbon exchange. We find that tropical transitional forests in southern Amazonia exhibit a pattern of low XCO2 during the wet season and high XCO2 in the dry season that is robust to retrieval methodology and with seasonal amplitude double that of cerrado ecosystems to the east (4ppm versus 2ppm), including enhanced dilution of 2.5ppm in the wet season. Concomitant measurements of SIF, which are inversely correlated with XCO2 in southern Amazonia (r=-0.53, p<0.001), indicate that the enhanced variability is driven by seasonal changes in GPP due to coupling of strong vertical mixing with seasonal changes in underlying carbon exchange. This finding is supported by forward simulations of the Goddard Chemistry Transport Model (GEOS-Chem) which show that local carbon uptake in the wet season and loss in the dry season due to emissions by ecosystem respiration and biomass burning produces best agreement with observed XCO2. We conclude that GOSAT provides critical measurements of carbon exchange in southern Amazonia, but more samples are needed to examine moist Amazon forests farther north
C1 [Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Bowman, Kevin; Frankenberg, Christian; Lee, Jung-Eun; Fisher, Joshua B.; Worden, John; Liu, Junjie; Osterman, Gregory; Sparks, Athena] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Bowman, Kevin; Jones, Dylan B. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Jones, Dylan B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Berry, Joseph] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA.
[Collatz, G. James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Baker, Ian T.; O'Dell, Chris] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Jung, Martin; Gerbig, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Syst, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
[Butz, Andre] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, Leopoldshafen, Germany.
[Guerlet, Sandrine] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Yoshida, Yukio] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Chen, Huilin] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Parazoo, NC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Nicholas.C.Parazoo@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Chem,
GEOS/C-5595-2014; collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012;
Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013
OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608;
Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725;
Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857
FU ESA's CCI on GHGs; European Commission [218793]; DFG [BU2599/1-1]; NASA
FX ACOS b2.9 XCO2 data were produced by the ACOS/OCO-2 project
at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CalTech, and obtained from the
ACOS/OCO-2 data archive maintained at the NASA GES DISC. Development of
RemoTeC algorithm is partly funded from ESA's CCI on GHGs and the
European Commission's seventh framework program under grant agreement
218793 and by the Emmy-Noether programme of DFG through grant
BU2599/1-1. CarbonTracker 2011 results provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder,
Colorado, USA from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov. We
thank Prof. Dr. Paulo Artaxo, Dr. Kenia Wiedemann, Fernando Morais,
Alcides Ribeiro, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Livia Oliveira,
INPA, Brazil, for their assistance and support in installing and
operating the Picarro instrument at the TT34 tower. Part of this
research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California
Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA (c) 2013. All rights
reserved.
NR 30
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U1 3
U2 70
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2829
EP 2833
DI 10.1002/grl.50452
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600064
ER
PT J
AU Davis, SM
Liang, CK
Rosenlof, KH
AF Davis, Sean M.
Liang, Calvin K.
Rosenlof, Karen H.
TI Interannual variability of tropical tropopause layer clouds
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE TTL; cirrus; ENSO; QBO; Brewer Dobson Circulation
ID STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; WATER-VAPOR; CIRCULATION; CALIPSO; BALANCE;
CYCLE
AB The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and upwelling in the tropical branch of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) impact tropical tropopause layer (TTL, 14-19km) temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), and thus it is likely that they also affect the TTL cloud distribution. Satellite data reveal extreme interannual variability in the zonal-mean TTL cloud occurrence frequency (CF) in the deep tropics (10 degrees S-10 degrees N). This zonal-mean interannual variability is related to the QBO and BDC, with a relatively minor role for ENSO. However, over the whole tropics (30 degrees S-30 degrees N), the dominant mode of variability in the longitudinally resolved CF field is an ENSO-related dipole pattern of positive and negative anomalies centered over the Pacific that mimics the RH/T fields. The ENSO effects largely cancel in the zonal mean, although El Nino is weakly associated with enhanced zonal-mean cloudiness in the uppermost TTL over the short satellite record.
C1 [Davis, Sean M.; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA.
[Liang, Calvin K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
RP Davis, SM (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sean.m.davis@noaa.gov
RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270;
FU NASA [NNX09AO04H]; Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems fellowship; NOAA
FX The authors would like to thank B. Kahn, A. Eldering, A. Dessler, A.
Gettleman, B. Rossow, and E. Fetzer for helpful discussions. CKL was
supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX09AO04H) and
the Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems fellowship. CloudSat and CALIPSO
data were obtained through the CloudSat Data Processing Center
(http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu/). SMD and KHR are supported by
the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program.
NR 26
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Z9 6
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11
BP 2862
EP 2866
DI 10.1002/grl.50512
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 175VL
UT WOS:000321261600070
ER
PT J
AU Xu, Q
Li, XF
Wei, YL
Tang, ZY
Cheng, YC
Pichel, WG
AF Xu, Qing
Li, Xiaofeng
Wei, Yongliang
Tang, Zeyan
Cheng, Yongcun
Pichel, William G.
TI Satellite observations and modeling of oil spill trajectories in the
Bohai Sea
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Oil spill; GNOME; Trajectory; SAR; MODIS
ID SAR IMAGES; MARINE; POLLUTION
AB On June 4 and 17, 2011, separate oil spill accidents occurred at two oil platforms in the Bohai Sea, China. The oil spills were subsequently observed on different types of satellite images including SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), Chinese HJ-1-B CCD and NASA MODIS. To illustrate the fate of the oil spills, we performed two numerical simulations to simulate the trajectories of the oil spills with the GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) model. For the first time, we drive the GNOME with currents obtained from an operational ocean model (NCOM, Navy Coastal Ocean Model) and surface winds from operational scatterometer measurements (ASCAT, the Advanced Scatterometer). Both data sets are freely and openly available. The initial oil spill location inputs to the model are based on the detected oil spill locations from the SAR images acquired on June 11 and 14. Three oil slicks are tracked simultaneously and our results show good agreement between model simulations and subsequent satellite observations in the semi-enclosed shallow sea. Moreover, GNOME simulation shows that the number of 'splots', which denotes the extent of spilled oil, is a vital factor for GNOME running stability when the number is less than 500. Therefore, oil spill area information obtained from satellite sensors, especially SAR, is an important factor for setting up the initial model conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Qing] Minist Educ, Key Lab Coastal Disasters & Def, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Coll Harbor Coastal & Offshore Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Wei, Yongliang] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China.
[Tang, Zeyan] State Ocean Adm China, East China Sea Predict Ctr, Shanghai 200081, Peoples R China.
[Cheng, Yongcun] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
[Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov
RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008
OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119
FU Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program; National Natural Science Foundation
of China [41006108]; Hohai University; ESA [431, 6133]; Shanghai Ocean
University [A-2400-11-0215]; Foundation for Shanghai University Young
Teacher [B- 5409-11-0005]; Foundation of Key Laboratory of Integrated
Monitoring and Applied Technologies for Marine Harmful Algal Blooms,
State Oceanic Administration, China [MATHAB20100303]
FX SAR images were provided by ESA through Envisat projects 431 and 6133.
This work was supported by Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program. Xu was
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through
Grant No. 41006108 and outstanding innovative talent program of Hohai
University. Wei was supported by Shanghai Ocean University through Grant
No. A-2400-11-0215 and Foundation for Shanghai University Young Teacher
through Grant No. B- 5409-11-0005. Tang was supported by Foundation of
Key Laboratory of Integrated Monitoring and Applied Technologies for
Marine Harmful Algal Blooms, State Oceanic Administration, China through
Grant No. MATHAB20100303. The views, opinions, and findings contained in
this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an
official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 25
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U1 0
U2 50
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUN 15
PY 2013
VL 71
IS 1-2
BP 107
EP 116
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.028
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 173OG
UT WOS:000321088200027
PM 23618498
ER
PT J
AU Baumann, E
Giorgetta, FR
Coddington, I
Sinclair, LC
Knabe, K
Swann, WC
Newbury, NR
AF Baumann, Esther
Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.
Coddington, Ian
Sinclair, Laura C.
Knabe, Kevin
Swann, William C.
Newbury, Nathan R.
TI Comb-calibrated frequency-modulated continuous-wave ladar for absolute
distance measurements
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHIRP LINEARIZATION; DIODE-LASER; ACCURACY; INTERFEROMETRY;
SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; AIR
AB We demonstrate a comb-calibrated frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser detection and ranging (FMCW ladar) system for absolute distance measurements. The FMCW ladar uses a compact external cavity laser that is swept quasi-sinusoidally over 1 THz at a 1 kHz rate. The system simultaneously records the heterodyne FMCW ladar signal and the instantaneous laser frequency at sweep rates up to 3400 THz/s, as measured against a free-running frequency comb (femtosecond fiber laser). Demodulation of the ladar signal against the instantaneous laser frequency yields the range to the target with 1 ms update rates, bandwidth-limited 130 mu m resolution and a similar to 100 nm accuracy that is directly linked to the counted repetition rate of the comb. The precision is <100 nm at the 1 ms update rate and reaches similar to 6 nm for a 100 ms average.
C1 [Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Coddington, Ian; Sinclair, Laura C.; Knabe, Kevin; Swann, William C.; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM baumann@nist.gov
RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015
OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann,
Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090
FU NIST; DARPA E-PHI project
FX We acknowledge discussions with P. Williams and G. Ycas, and funding
from NIST and the DARPA E-PHI project.
NR 22
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 35
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 15
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 12
BP 2026
EP 2028
DI 10.1364/OL.38.002026
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 163VX
UT WOS:000320366500009
PM 23938965
ER
PT J
AU Nacapricha, D
Sastranurak, P
Mantim, T
Amornthammarong, N
Uraisin, K
Boonpanaid, C
Chuyprasartwattana, C
Wilairat, P
AF Nacapricha, Duangjai
Sastranurak, Patidta
Mantim, Thitirat
Amornthammarong, Natchanon
Uraisin, Kanchana
Boonpanaid, Chatchalida
Chuyprasartwattana, Chatpong
Wilairat, Prapin
TI Cross injection analysis: Concept and operation for simultaneous
injection of sample and reagents in flow analysis
SO TALANTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Cross injection analysis (CIA); Simultaneous flow; Intersection zones;
x-axis channel; y-axis channel; Iron
ID VALVE LAV APPROACH; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC
DETERMINATION; ON-VALVE; INSTRUMENTATION; MULTICOMMUTATION; SYSTEM;
WATER; IRON
AB This work presents a new flow injection strategy, called 'cross injection analysis' or CIA, an alternative cost-effective approach in flow analysis. The flow platform is made from a rectangular acrylic block, approximately 5 x 3 x 1.5 cm (x y x z), with crossing cylindrical channels drilled out along the x- and y-axis of the block. The outlet from the single x-axis channel is connected to a detector flow cell. This channel is filled with the carrier solution. The flow in the x-axis channel is driven by a computer controlled single-channel peristaltic pump. The multiple y-axis channels, running perpendicular to the x-channel, are connected to a multi-channel peristaltic pump. These channels contain the sample and reagent solutions that flow across the intersection zones of the channels. To mix the sample and reagent with subsequent detection of the reaction zone, flow is applied along the x-axis channel, while flow in the y-axis channels is stopped. We successfully demonstrated the validity of the CIA technique by the spectrometric determination of Fe(II) using 1,10-phenanthroline and the speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III). To place the CIA technique within the context of flow analysis, a brief overview of the evolution of flow injection analysis and its later innovative development is included. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Nacapricha, Duangjai; Sastranurak, Patidta; Mantim, Thitirat; Uraisin, Kanchana; Wilairat, Prapin] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
[Nacapricha, Duangjai; Sastranurak, Patidta; Mantim, Thitirat; Uraisin, Kanchana; Wilairat, Prapin] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Ctr Excellence Innovat Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
[Amornthammarong, Natchanon] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Boonpanaid, Chatchalida; Chuyprasartwattana, Chatpong] King Mongkuts Inst Technol North Bangkok, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Ind Chem, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
[Wilairat, Prapin] Mahidol Univ, Natl Doping Control Ctr, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
RP Nacapricha, D (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
EM duangjai.nac@mahidol.ac.th
RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011
OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865
FU Thailand Research Fund [RSA5580021]; Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.
scholarship; Mahidol University; National Research Universities
Initiative; Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
FX This work was supported by RSA5580021 grants from the Thailand Research
Fund (DN) and The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. scholarship (TM) Supports
of equipment from the Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC),
Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education are thankfully
acknowledged. The research was also co-sponsored by the Office of Higher
Education Commission and Mahidol University under the National Research
Universities Initiative chaired by Prof. Manat Pohmakotr. The authors
would like to thank Prof. Dr. Gary Christian for his useful comments
during the development of the CIA technique.
NR 32
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Z9 8
U1 2
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-9140
EI 1873-3573
J9 TALANTA
JI Talanta
PD JUN 15
PY 2013
VL 110
BP 89
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.012
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 146KH
UT WOS:000319089500014
PM 23618180
ER
PT J
AU Reingewertz, TH
Britan-Rosich, E
Rotem-Bamberger, S
Viard, M
Jacobs, A
Miller, A
Lee, JY
Hwang, J
Blumenthal, R
Kotler, M
Friedler, A
AF Reingewertz, Tali H.
Britan-Rosich, Elena
Rotem-Bamberger, Shahar
Viard, Mathias
Jacobs, Amy
Miller, Abigail
Lee, Ji Youn
Hwang, Jeeseong
Blumenthal, Robert
Kotler, Moshe
Friedler, Assaf
TI Mapping the Vif-A3G interaction using peptide arrays: A basis for
anti-HIV lead peptides
SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE A3G; Apobec-3G; HIV-1; Peptide arrays; Protein-protein interactions; Vif
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 VIF PROTEIN; VIRION INFECTIVITY
FACTOR; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; HUMAN APOBEC3G; VIRAL INFECTIVITY; CYTIDINE
DEAMINASE; MESSENGER-RNA; RESTRICTION FACTORS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY
AB Human apolipoprotein-B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (A3G) is a cytidine deaminase that restricts retroviruses, endogenous retro-elements and DNA viruses. A3G plays a key role in the anti-HIV-1 innate cellular immunity. The HIV-1 Vif protein counteracts A3G mainly by leading A3G towards the proteosomal machinery and by direct inhibition of its enzymatic activity. Both activities involve direct interaction between Vif and A3G. Disrupting the interaction between A3G and Vif may rescue A3G antiviral activity and inhibit HIV-1 propagation. Here, mapping the interaction sites between A3G and Vif by peptide array screening revealed distinct regions in Vif important for A3G binding, including the N-terminal domain (NTD), C-terminal domain (CTD) and residues 83-99. The Vif-binding sites in A3G included 12 different peptides that showed strong binding to either full-length Vif, Vif CTD or both. Sequence similarity was found between Vif-binding peptides from the A3G CTD and NTD. A3G peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to counteract Vif action. A3G 211-225 inhibited HIV-1 replication in cell culture and impaired Vif dependent A3G degradation. In vivo co-localization of full-length Vif with A3G 211-225 was demonstrated by use of FRET. This peptide has the potential to serve as an anti-HIV-1 lead compound. Our results suggest a complex interaction between Vif and A3G that is mediated by discontinuous binding regions with different affinities. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Reingewertz, Tali H.; Rotem-Bamberger, Shahar; Friedler, Assaf] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Reingewertz, Tali H.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Britan-Rosich, Elena; Kotler, Moshe] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Dept Pathol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Britan-Rosich, Elena; Kotler, Moshe] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Lautenberg Ctr Gen & Tumor Immunol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Viard, Mathias; Blumenthal, Robert] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Nanobiol Program, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
[Viard, Mathias] SAIC Frederick Inc, Basic Res Program, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
[Jacobs, Amy] SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Miller, Abigail; Lee, Ji Youn; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Miller, Abigail] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Lee, Ji Youn] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Bioanal, Div Metrol Qual Life, Taejon 305340, South Korea.
RP Friedler, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, Safra Campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM assaf.friedler@mail.huji.ac.il
FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF); National Institutes of
Health [P01 GM091743]; Fulbright Foundation; ISEF Foundation; NIST
Innovation in Measurement Science program on "Optical Medical Imaging
for Clinical Applications"; NIH (NIBIB)/NIST; National Institute for
Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH; National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; NIH,
National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick
National Lab; NIH Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program (IATAP);
NIAID Intramural Biodefense Research Program
FX This work was supported by the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation
(BSF) and by Grants from the National Institutes of Health (P01 GM091743
to R. S. H. with a subaward to M. K.).; T.H.R. was partly supported by
the Fulbright Foundation and the ISEF Foundation.; J.H. was supported by
NIST Innovation in Measurement Science program on "Optical Medical
Imaging for Clinical Applications." J.L. held National Research Council
Research Associateship supported by NIH (NIBIB)/NIST. Funding for these
awards was provided by and the intramural program of the National
Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the NIH.; The
pcDNA-HVif plasmid was provided by the NIH AIDS Research and Reference
Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH 78; This project is funded
in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract number
HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily
reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human
Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or
organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research
was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH,
National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick
National Lab. Further funding was provided by grants from the NIH
Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program (IATAP) and the NIAID
Intramural Biodefense Research Program.
NR 87
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0968-0896
J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM
JI Bioorg. Med. Chem.
PD JUN 15
PY 2013
VL 21
IS 12
BP 3523
EP 3532
DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.001
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry,
Organic
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry
GA 152AW
UT WOS:000319502800018
PM 23545135
ER
PT J
AU Sheng, D
Zhang, J
Orozco, LA
AF Sheng, D.
Zhang, J.
Orozco, L. A.
TI Rb atoms in a blue-detuned dipole trap: Coherence and ground-state
differential ac Stark shift
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ANAPOLE MOMENT; NEUTRAL ATOMS; OPTICAL TRAP; COLD ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY
AB Blue-detuned dipole traps and their ability to preserve atomic coherences are interesting for precision measurement applications. In this paper, we present experimental studies on the differential ac Stark shift of the ground-state hyperfine splitting in Rb-87 atoms confined in a dynamic blue-detuned dipole trap. We systematically study the power and detuning effects on the Rabi resonance frequency (differential ac Stark shift) and its linewidth (coherence) and find that their performance is compatible with future parity violation experiments in Fr.
C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Sheng, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RI Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014
FU NSF; DOE
FX We thank E. Gomez, A. Perez Galvan, W. D. Phillips, and J. V. Porto for
helpful discussions, and J. A. Groover for a careful reading of the
manuscript. This work is supported by NSF and DOE.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
EI 1094-1622
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 14
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 6
AR 063412
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.063412
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 164CG
UT WOS:000320385800002
ER
PT J
AU Porto, JV
AF Porto, J. V.
TI Cold-Atom Magnetism
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID OPTICAL LATTICES; MOTT INSULATOR; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; TRANSITION;
SUPERFLUID
C1 NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Porto, JV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8424, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM trey@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 14
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 14
PY 2013
VL 340
IS 6138
BP 1297
EP 1298
DI 10.1126/science.1239873
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 163FC
UT WOS:000320320200031
PM 23766320
ER
PT J
AU Cziczo, DJ
Froyd, KD
Hoose, C
Jensen, EJ
Diao, MH
Zondlo, MA
Smith, JB
Twohy, CH
Murphy, DM
AF Cziczo, Daniel J.
Froyd, Karl D.
Hoose, Corinna
Jensen, Eric J.
Diao, Minghui
Zondlo, Mark A.
Smith, Jessica B.
Twohy, Cynthia H.
Murphy, Daniel M.
TI Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE NUCLEATION; BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; MIXED-PHASE; AEROSOLS; NUCLEI;
DUST; LEAD
AB Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant source of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative humidity measurements suggests that heterogeneous freezing was the dominant formation mechanism of these clouds.
C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hoose, Corinna] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Jensen, Eric J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Diao, Minghui; Zondlo, Mark A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Smith, Jessica B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Twohy, Cynthia H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM djcziczo@mit.edu
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Hoose,
Corinna/A-4295-2009; Diao, Minghui/A-4437-2015; Zondlo,
Mark/R-6173-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789;
Diao, Minghui/0000-0003-0324-0897; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554;
FU NSF [AGS-0840732, AGS-1036275]; NASA [NNX07AL11G, NNX08AH57G]; NASA
Earth Science Division Atmospheric Composition program [NNH11AQ58UI]
FX We thank D. S. Thomson and G. Kulkarni for assistance with the
measurements; S. Solomon for advice on manuscript preparation; all
participants of the field studies for their efforts, in particular the
air and ground crews of the NASA WB-57F and DC-8 and NSF G-V; and O.
Seland, D. Olivie, and A. Kirkevag for providing particle surface area
densities from CAM4-Oslo simulations. The MDC12C1 2011 Land Cover Type
data were obtained through the online Data Pool at the NASA Land
Processes Distributed Active Archive Center, U.S. Geological
Survey/Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls,
South Dakota (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/get_data). M.A.Z. acknowledges
support from NSF AGS-0840732 and AGS-1036275, M. D. acknowledges a NASA
Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellowship, and C. H. T. acknowledges
support from the NASA Radiation Sciences Program award numbers
NNX07AL11G and NNX08AH57G. This research was supported by the NASA Earth
Science Division Atmospheric Composition program award number
NNH11AQ58UI. Author contributions: single-particle MS, EM, data
analysis, and paper writing (D.J.C.); counterflow virtual impactor
development, mass spectrometer development, single-particle MS, data
analysis, and paper writing (K. D. F.); compilation of INAS densities
from laboratory data, deriving the model-based estimates of upper
tropospheric IN, and paper writing (C. H.); measurement of water vapor
mixing ratio, analysis of relative humidity data, and paper writing
(J.B.S., M.A.Z, and M. D.); mission planning, data analysis, and paper
writing (E.J.J); TC4 instrument design and data acquisition, paper
writing (C. H. T.); and mass spectrometer development, single-particle
MS, data analysis, and paper writing (D.M.M.).
NR 31
TC 147
Z9 147
U1 17
U2 183
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 14
PY 2013
VL 340
IS 6138
BP 1320
EP 1324
DI 10.1126/science.1234145
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 163FC
UT WOS:000320320200042
PM 23661645
ER
PT J
AU Verdal, N
Udovic, TJ
Rush, JJ
Wu, H
Skripov, AV
AF Verdal, Nina
Udovic, Terrence J.
Rush, John J.
Wu, Hui
Skripov, Alexander V.
TI Evolution of the Reorientational Motions of the Tetrahydroborate Anions
in Hexagonal LiBH4-Lil Solid Solution by High-Q Quasielastic Neutron
Scattering
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID PADDLE-WHEEL MECHANISM; ROTATIONAL MOTION; LITHIUM BROMIDE; DYNAMICS;
HYDROGEN; SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; CONDUCTION; DIFFUSION
AB The reorientational dynamics of tetrahydroborate (BH4-) anions in the hexagonal 1:1 LiBH4-Lil solid solution were characterized by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) with results extended to high momentum transfers (Q). Measurements are compared in detail to results for LiBH4 and to a range of models describing the various possible reorientational mechanisms. The high reorientational mobility compared to that for BH4- in other solid-state environments reflects a favorable combination of the underlying hexagonal close-packed lattice and the unusually large BH4- crystallographic site stabilized by the presence of the I- anions throughout the structure. QENS data up to momentum transfers of 4.2 angstrom(-1) at 125 K reveal a dominant uniaxial reorientation mechanism consisting of rapid BH4- diffusive-like rotational motions of three H atoms in a ring around the c-directed trigonal B-H axis, with the fourth axial H atom remaining stationary. By 200 K, this diffusive ring of three H atoms undergoes noticeable jump exchanges with the axial H atom, identical to what has been observed for BH4- reorientations in hexagonal LiBH4 at much higher temperature. The two separate mechanisms are consistent with the two reorientational motions revealed recently by NMR measurements. An average rotational activation energy of 36 meV +/- 1 meV is derived over a wide temperature range.
C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.; Wu, Hui] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia.
RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538
FU DOE-EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-EE0002978]; Russian Foundation for
Basic Research [12-03-00078]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development
Foundation (CRDF Global) [RUP1-7076-EK-12]; National Science Foundation
[OISE-9531011]
FX This work was supported in part by DOE-EERE under Grant Nos.
DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and DE-EE0002978, the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research under Grant. No. 12-03-00078, the U.S. Civilian Research &
Development Foundation (CRDF Global) under Award No. RUP1-7076-EK-12,
and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No.
OISE-9531011. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772.
NR 48
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
EI 1932-7455
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD JUN 13
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 23
BP 12010
EP 12018
DI 10.1021/jp403636k
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 167OE
UT WOS:000320640500014
ER
PT J
AU Loukhovitskaya, EE
Talukdar, RK
Ravishankara, AR
AF Loukhovitskaya, Ekaterina E.
Talukdar, Ranajit K.
Ravishankara, A. R.
TI Uptake of HNO3 on Aviation Kerosene and Aircraft Engine Soot: Influences
of H2O or/and H2SO4
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID NITRIC-ACID; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC
IMPLICATIONS; MOBILITY RELATIONSHIP; SURFACES; AEROSOL; NO2; MECHANISM;
CHAMBER
AB The uptake of HNO3 on aviation kerosene soot (TC-1 soot) was studied in the absence and presence of water vapor at 295 and 243 K. The influence of H2SO4 coating of the TC-1 soot surface on HNO3 uptake was also investigated. Only reversible uptake of HNO3 was observed. HONO and NO2, potential products of reactive uptake of HNO3, were not observed under any conditions studied here. The uptake of nitric acid increased slightly with relative humidity (RH). Coating of the TC-1 soot surface with sulfuric acid decreased the uptake of HNO3 and did not lead to displacement of H2SO4 from the soot surface. A limited set of measurements was carried out on soot generated by aircraft engine combustor (E-soot) with results similar to those on TC-1 soot. The influence of water on HNO3 uptake on E-soot appeared to be more pronounced than on TC-1 soot. Our results suggest that HNO3 loss in the upper troposphere due to soot is not significant except perhaps in aircraft exhaust plumes. Our results also suggest that HNO3 is not converted to either NO2 or HONO upon its uptake on soot in the atmosphere.
C1 [Loukhovitskaya, Ekaterina E.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Loukhovitskaya, Ekaterina E.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Loukhovitskaya, Ekaterina E.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia.
[Loukhovitskaya, Ekaterina E.] Russian Acad Sci, Semenov Inst Chem Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia.
RP Talukdar, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Ranajit.K.Talukdar@NOAA.GOV
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013;
Dailey-Fisher, Debra/I-6725-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431;
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office
FX The authors thank Dr. O. B. Popovicheva (Moscow State University,
Russia) for providing the aircraft engine and TC-1 kerosene flame soot.
This work was funded in part by NOAA's Climate Program Office.
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 37
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD JUN 13
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 23
BP 4928
EP 4936
DI 10.1021/jp401723k
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 167OH
UT WOS:000320640800017
PM 23682559
ER
PT J
AU Beeler, MC
Williams, RA
Jimenez-Garcia, K
LeBlanc, LJ
Perry, AR
Spielman, IB
AF Beeler, M. C.
Williams, R. A.
Jimenez-Garcia, K.
LeBlanc, L. J.
Perry, A. R.
Spielman, I. B.
TI The spin Hall effect in a quantum gas
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRAL ATOMS
AB Electronic properties such as current flow are generally independent of the electron's spin angular momentum, an internal degree of freedom possessed by quantum particles. The spin Hall effect, first proposed 40 years ago(1), is an unusual class of phenomena in which flowing particles experience orthogonally directed, spin-dependent forces-analogous to the conventional Lorentz force that gives the Hall effect, but opposite in sign for two spin states. Spin Hall effects have been observed for electrons flowing in spin-orbit-coupled materials such as GaAs and InGaAs (refs 2, 3) and for laser light traversing dielectric junctions(4). Here we observe the spin Hall effect in a quantum-degenerate Bose gas, and use the resulting spin-dependent Lorentz forces to realize a cold-atom spin transistor. By engineering a spatially inhomogeneous spin-orbit coupling field for our quantum gas, we explicitly introduce and measure the requisite spin-dependent Lorentz forces, finding them to be in excellent agreement with our calculations. This 'atomtronic' transistor behaves as a type of velocity-insensitive adiabatic spin selector, with potential application in devices such as magnetic(5) or inertial(6) sensors. In addition, such techniques for creating and measuring the spin Hall effect are clear prerequisites for engineering topological insulators(7,8) and detecting their associated quantized spin Hall effects in quantum gases. As implemented, our system realizes a laser-actuated analogue to the archetypal semiconductor spintronic device, the Datta-Das spin transistor(9,10).
C1 [Beeler, M. C.; Williams, R. A.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Perry, A. R.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Beeler, M. C.; Williams, R. A.; Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Perry, A. R.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico.
RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ian.spielman@nist.gov
OI Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922
FU DARPA OLE programme; ARO atomtronics MURI; NIST; US NSF through the PFC
at the JQI; NSERC
FX This work was partially supported by the DARPA OLE programme; the ARO
atomtronics MURI, NIST, and the US NSF through the PFC at the JQI. M. C.
B. acknowledges NIST-ARRA, L.J.L. acknowledges support from NSERC and
K.J.-G. acknowledges CONACYT.
NR 40
TC 77
Z9 78
U1 7
U2 158
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUN 13
PY 2013
VL 498
IS 7453
BP 201
EP +
DI 10.1038/nature12185
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 162RR
UT WOS:000320283400041
PM 23739329
ER
PT J
AU Palma, M
Wang, W
Penzo, E
Brathwaite, J
Zheng, M
Hone, J
Nuckolls, C
Wind, SJ
AF Palma, Matteo
Wang, Wei
Penzo, Erika
Brathwaite, Julian
Zheng, Ming
Hone, James
Nuckolls, Colin
Wind, Shalom J.
TI Controlled Formation of Carbon Nanotube Junctions via Linker-Induced
Assembly in Aqueous Solution
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INTRAMOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; Y-JUNCTIONS;
RINGS; SEPARATION; CONDUCTIVITY; GAP
AB Here we present a simple approach for the controlled formation of one-dimensional and multi terminal nanotube junctions. We describe a facile bottom-up strategy for joining the ends of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The geometry of the junctions can be varied and controlled by linker induced assembly of DNA-wrapped nanotubes.
C1 [Palma, Matteo; Penzo, Erika; Wind, Shalom J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Wang, Wei; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Brathwaite, Julian; Hone, James] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Palma, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM mp2766@columbia.edu; sw2128@columbia.edu
RI Hone, James/E-1879-2011; Palma , Matteo/E-6392-2011
OI Hone, James/0000-0002-8084-3301; Palma , Matteo/0000-0001-8715-4034
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1117]; Nanoscale Science and
Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation [CHE-0641523];
New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Academic Research
(NYSTAR)
FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval
Research (N00014-09-1-1117). Additional support from the Nanoscale
Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation
(CHE-0641523) and from the New York State Office of Science, Technology,
and Academic Research (NYSTAR) is also gratefully acknowledged.
NR 37
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 6
U2 80
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD JUN 12
PY 2013
VL 135
IS 23
BP 8440
EP 8443
DI 10.1021/ja4018072
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 165KX
UT WOS:000320483900003
PM 23656193
ER
PT J
AU Morey, JS
Van Dolah, FM
AF Morey, Jeanine S.
Van Dolah, Frances M.
TI Global Analysis of mRNA Half-Lives and de novo Transcription in a
Dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; PENTATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEINS; GENOME-WIDE
ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; URACIL
PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION;
ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CIRCADIAN REGULATION; GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA
AB Dinoflagellates possess many physiological processes that appear to be under post-transcriptional control. However, the extent to which their genes are regulated post-transcriptionally remains unresolved. To gain insight into the roles of differential mRNA stability and de novo transcription in dinoflagellates, we biosynthetically labeled RNA with 4-thiouracil to isolate newly transcribed and pre-existing RNA pools in Karenia brevis. These isolated fractions were then used for analysis of global mRNA stability and de novo transcription by hybridization to a K. brevis microarray. Global K. brevis mRNA half-lives were calculated from the ratio of newly transcribed to pre-existing RNA for 7086 array features using the online software HALO (Half-life Organizer). Overall, mRNA half-lives were substantially longer than reported in other organisms studied at the global level, ranging from 42 minutes to greater than 144 h, with a median of 33 hours. Consistent with well-documented trends observed in other organisms, housekeeping processes, including energy metabolism and transport, were significantly enriched in the most highly stable messages. Shorter-lived transcripts included a higher proportion of transcriptional regulation, stress response, and other response/regulatory processes. One such family of proteins involved in post-transcriptional regulation in chloroplasts and mitochondria, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, had dramatically shorter half-lives when compared to the arrayed transcriptome. As transcript abundances for PPR proteins were previously observed to rapidly increase in response to nutrient addition, we queried the newly synthesized RNA pools at 1 and 4 h following nitrate addition to N-depleted cultures. Transcriptome-wide there was little evidence of increases in the rate of de novo transcription during the first 4 h, relative to that in N-depleted cells, and no evidence for increased PPR protein transcription. These results lend support to the growing consensus of post-transcriptional control of gene expression in dinoflagellates.
C1 [Morey, Jeanine S.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX This work was supported by NOAA programmatic funding. The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,
or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 57
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 20
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 11
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 6
AR e66347
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0066347
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 169CU
UT WOS:000320755400139
PM 23776661
ER
PT J
AU Jang, Y
Seo, J
Akgun, B
Satija, S
Char, K
AF Jang, Yeongseon
Seo, Jooyeon
Akgun, Bulent
Satija, Sushil
Char, Kookheon
TI Molecular Weight Dependence on the Disintegration of Spin-Assisted Weak
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; POLY(ACRYLIC
ACID); IONIC-STRENGTH; THIN-FILMS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS;
POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID); EXPONENTIAL-GROWTH; POLYMER-FILMS; LAYER
AB We present the effect of molecular weight (MW) of polyelectrolytes (PEs) on the disintegration behavior of weak PE multilayer films consisting of linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA). The multilayer films prepared by the spin-assisted layer-by-layer deposition have well-ordered internal structures and also show the linear thickness growth behavior regardless of MWs of PMAA. The well-defined weak PE multilayer films were subject to disintegration into bulk solution when the electrostatic interactions between LPEI and PMAA layers were reduced by treatment at pH 2. However, we demonstrated the change in the disintegration mode and kinetics (i.e., from burst erosion to controlled surface erosion) as a function of MW of PMAA based on neutron reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, revealing the correlation between the structural changes and the viscoelastic responses of the weak PE films upon pH treatment. Also, the unique swelling behavior as well as the significant increase in dissipation energy was monitored before the complete disintegration of the multilayer films containing high MW PMAA, which is believed to originate from their slow rearrangement kinetics within the film. We believe that the results shown in this study provide chain level understanding as to the MW-dependence on pH-triggered disintegration mechanism of weak PE multilayer films.
C1 [Jang, Yeongseon; Seo, Jooyeon; Char, Kookheon] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, WCU Program Chem Convergence Energy & Environm, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
[Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
RP Char, K (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, WCU Program Chem Convergence Energy & Environm, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
EM khchar@plaza.snu.ac.kr
RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011
FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea Ministry of
Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) (The National Creative
Research Initiative Program for "Intelligent Hybrids Research Center")
[2010-0018290]; Brain Korea 21 Program in SNU Chemical Engineering; WCU
Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment [R31-10013];
Seoul Science Fellowship
FX This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation
of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea Ministry of Education, Science, and
Technology (MEST) (The National Creative Research Initiative Program for
"Intelligent Hybrids Research Center" (No. 2010-0018290), the Brain
Korea 21 Program in SNU Chemical Engineering, and the WCU Program of
Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment (R31-10013)). Y. Jang
also acknowledges the financial support from the Seoul Science
Fellowship. We are very grateful to the NIST Center for Neutron Research
(NCNR) for assigning enough beamtime to conduct NR experiments at NG7
beamline. In addition, we appreciate Dr. Jaseung Koo, Dr. Ki-Yeon Kim
and Dr. Jung-Soo Lee for allowing us to use the REF-V beamline at the
HANARO Center of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI).
NR 50
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
EI 1520-5835
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUN 11
PY 2013
VL 46
IS 11
BP 4580
EP 4588
DI 10.1021/ma4007736
PG 9
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 165LR
UT WOS:000320485900040
ER
PT J
AU Culcer, D
Zimmerman, NM
AF Culcer, Dimitrie
Zimmerman, Neil M.
TI Dephasing of Si singlet-triplet qubits due to charge and spin defects
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM DOTS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON
AB We study the effect of charge and spin noise on singlet-triplet qubits in Si quantum dots. We set up a theoretical framework aimed at enabling experiment to efficiently identify the most deleterious defects, and complement it with the knowledge of defects gained in decades of industrial and academic work. We relate the dephasing rates Gamma(phi) to various classes of defects to experimentally measurable parameters, such as charge dipole moment, spin dipole moment, and fluctuator switching times. We find that charge fluctuators are more efficient in causing dephasing than spin fluctuators. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Culcer, Dimitrie] Univ Sci & Technol China, ICQD, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
[Culcer, Dimitrie] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Culcer, D (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, ICQD, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91021019]
FX We are grateful to Vanita Srinivasa (NIST), Emily Townsend (NIST), S.
Das Sarma, and Qian Han for enlightening discussions. This work is
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under
Grant No. 91021019.
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 10
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 23
AR 232108
DI 10.1063/1.4810911
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167HQ
UT WOS:000320622600051
ER
PT J
AU Lamas-Linares, A
Calkins, B
Tomlin, NA
Gerrits, T
Lita, AE
Beyer, J
Mirin, RP
Nam, SW
AF Lamas-Linares, Antia
Calkins, Brice
Tomlin, Nathan A.
Gerrits, Thomas
Lita, Adriana E.
Beyer, Joern
Mirin, Richard P.
Nam, Sae Woo
TI Nanosecond-scale timing jitter for single photon detection in transition
edge sensors
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EFFICIENCY
AB Transition edge sensors (TES) have the highest reported efficiencies (>98%) for single photon detection in the visible and near infrared. Experiments in quantum information and foundations of physics that rely on this efficiency have started incorporating these detectors. However, their range of applicability has been hindered by slow operation both in recovery time and timing jitter. We show how a conventional tungsten-TES can be operated with jitter times of approximate to 4 ns, providing a practical simplification for experiments that rely on simultaneous high efficiency and low timing uncertainty, such as loophole free Bell inequalities and device independent quantum cryptography. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Lamas-Linares, Antia; Calkins, Brice; Tomlin, Nathan A.; Gerrits, Thomas; Lita, Adriana E.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Beyer, Joern] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.
RP Lamas-Linares, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655
FU NIST Quantum Information Initiative; NIST-ARRA
FX We acknowledge Burm Baek, Marty Stevens, and John Lehman for useful
discussions and help with critical pieces of equipment. This work was
partially funded by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative and a
NIST-ARRA fellowship.
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 10
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 23
AR 231117
DI 10.1063/1.4809731
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167HQ
UT WOS:000320622600017
ER
PT J
AU Metcalfe, M
Solomon, GS
Lawall, J
AF Metcalfe, Michael
Solomon, Glenn S.
Lawall, John
TI Heterodyne measurement of resonant elastic scattering from epitaxial
quantum dots
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTROSCOPY
AB Resonant elastic scattering from InAs quantum dots (QDs) is studied by heterodyne spectroscopy. We show theoretically that heterodyne spectroscopy of a two-level quantum emitter is not sensitive to the inelastic fluorescence component. In practice, we easily measure the elastic emission even when the fluorescence is dominated by inelastic scattering. We are able to distinguish the resonant elastic fluorescence from a large background of scattered pump light by modulating the QD transition frequency with a surface acoustic wave. The signal linewidth is 250 Hz, limited by vibration-induced phase noise in the optical fibers used for resonant optical drive and fluorescence collection. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Metcalfe, Michael; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Metcalfe, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 2207 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI
FX The authors would like to thank E. B. Flagg, G. Bryant, A. Muller, and
J. Taylor for fruitful discussions throughout this work. During
production of this paper, we became aware of new work17 of a
similar nature. We acknowledge support by NSF through the Physics
Frontier Center at JQI. Research performed in part at the NIST Center
for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 10
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 23
AR 231114
DI 10.1063/1.4809594
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167HQ
UT WOS:000320622600014
ER
PT J
AU Vissers, MR
Gao, JS
Sandberg, M
Duff, SM
Wisbey, DS
Irwin, KD
Pappas, DP
AF Vissers, Michael R.
Gao, Jiansong
Sandberg, Martin
Duff, Shannon M.
Wisbey, David S.
Irwin, Kent D.
Pappas, David P.
TI Proximity-coupled Ti/TiN multilayers for use in kinetic inductance
detectors
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CONTACTS
AB We apply the superconducting proximity effect in TiN/Ti multi-layer films to tune the critical temperature, T-C, to within 10mK with high uniformity (less than 15mK spread) across a 75mm wafer. Reproducible T-C's are obtained from 0.8 to 2.5K. These films had high resistivities, >100 mu Omega cm, and internal quality factors for resonators in the GHz range, on the order of 100 k and higher. Trilayers of both TiN/Ti/TiN and thicker superlattice films were prepared, demonstrating a well controlled process for films over a wide thickness range. Detectors were fabricated and shown to have single photon resolution at 1550 nm. The high uniformity and controllability coupled with the high quality factor, kinetic inductance, and inertness of TiN make these films ideal for use in frequency multiplexed kinetic inductance detectors and potentially other applications such as nanowire detectors, transition edge sensors, and associated quantum information applications. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Vissers, Michael R.; Gao, Jiansong; Sandberg, Martin; Duff, Shannon M.; Irwin, Kent D.; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wisbey, David S.] St Louis Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63103 USA.
RP Vissers, MR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM michael.vissers@nist.gov; david.pappas@nist.gov
FU DARPA; Keck Institute for Space Studies; NIST Quantum Initiative; NASA
[NNH11AR83I]
FX We acknowledge support for this work from DARPA, the Keck Institute for
Space Studies, the NIST Quantum Initiative, and NASA under Contract No.
NNH11AR83I. The authors thank Jonas Zmuidzinas, Henry Leduc, and Martin
Weides for helpful discussions and insights.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 22
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 10
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 23
AR 232603
DI 10.1063/1.4804286
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167HQ
UT WOS:000320622600060
ER
PT J
AU Armitage, PJ
AF Armitage, Philip J.
TI A Trap for Planet Formation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID DISK; SOLAR; PLANETESIMALS; GAP; AU
C1 [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Armitage, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM pja@jilau1.colorado.edu
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 7
PY 2013
VL 340
IS 6137
BP 1179
EP 1180
DI 10.1126/science.1239404
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 158LP
UT WOS:000319972800031
PM 23744935
ER
PT J
AU Franaszek, M
AF Franaszek, Marek
TI Registration of Six Degrees of Freedom Data with Proper Handling of
Positional and Rotational Noise
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 6DOF; noise; nonlinear least squares; pose determining systems;
registration; robot-world/hand-eye calibration
ID EYE CALIBRATION; DUAL-QUATERNIONS; ORIENTATION; ALGORITHM; SENSOR
AB When two six degrees of freedom (6DOF) datasets are registered, a transformation is sought that minimizes the misalignment between the two datasets. Commonly, the measure of misalignment is the sum of the positional and rotational components. This measure has a dimensional mismatch between the positional component (unbounded and having length units) and the rotational component (bounded and dimensionless). The mismatch can be formally corrected by dividing the positional component by some scale factor with units of length. However, the scale factor is set arbitrarily and, depending on its value, more or less importance is associated with the positional component relative to the rotational component. This may result in a poorer registration. In this paper, a new method is introduced that uses the same form of bounded, dimensionless measure of misalignment for both components. Numerical simulations with a wide range of variances of positional and rotational noise show that the transformation obtained by this method is very close to ground truth. Additionally, knowledge of the contribution of noise to the misalignment from individual components enables the formulation of a rational method to handle noise in 6DOF data.
C1 NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM marek.franaszek@nist.gov
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 11
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUN 6
PY 2013
VL 118
BP 280
EP 291
DI 10.6028/jres.118.013
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 182BX
UT WOS:000321716600001
PM 26401433
ER
PT J
AU Pollack, JB
Yoskowitz, D
Kim, HC
Montagna, PA
AF Pollack, Jennifer Beseres
Yoskowitz, David
Kim, Hae-Cheol
Montagna, Paul A.
TI Role and Value of Nitrogen Regulation Provided by Oysters (Crassostrea
virginica) in the Mission-Aransas Estuary, Texas, USA
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL COASTAL WETLANDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES; RELATIVE VALUE; GALVESTON BAY; SOUTH TEXAS; SALT-MARSH; REEFS;
RESTORATION
AB Suspension-feeding activities of oysters impart a potentially significant benefit to estuarine ecosystems via reduction of water column nutrients, plankton and seston biomass, and primary productivity which can have a significant impact on human well-being. This study considered nitrogen regulation by eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica in the Mission-Aransas Estuary, Texas, USA, as a function of denitrification, burial, and physical transport from the system via harvest. Oyster reefs were estimated to remove 502.5 kg N km(-2) through denitrification of biodeposits and 251.3 kg N km(-2) in burial of biodeposits to sediments. Nitrogen is also physically transported out of the estuary via harvest of oysters. Commercial harvest of oysters in the Mission-Aransas Estuary can remove approximately 21,665 kg N per year via physical transport from the system. We developed a transferable method to value the service of nitrogen regulation by oysters, where the potential cost equivalent value of nitrogen regulation is quantified via cost estimates for a constructed biological nutrient removal (BNR) supplement to a wastewater treatment plant. The potential annual engineered cost equivalent of the service of nitrogen regulation and removal provided by reefs in the Mission-Aransas Estuary is $293,993 yr(-1). Monetizing ecosystem services can help increase awareness at the stakeholder level of the importance of oysters beyond commercial fishery values alone.
C1 [Pollack, Jennifer Beseres] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA.
[Yoskowitz, David; Montagna, Paul A.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX USA.
[Kim, Hae-Cheol] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, IM Syst Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Pollack, JB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA.
EM jennifer.pollack@tamucc.edu
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the Comparative
Assessment of Marine Ecosystem (CAMEO) program [NA09NMF4720179]; Texas
General Land Office Coastal Management Program [12-142]; Texas A&M
University-Corpus Christi; Harte Research Institute
FX This study was partially supported by grant number NA09NMF4720179 from
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the
Comparative Assessment of Marine Ecosystem (CAMEO) program, and by grant
number 12-142 from the Texas General Land Office Coastal Management
Program. Support was also provided by Texas A&M University-Corpus
Christi and the Harte Research Institute. The funders had no role in
study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 64
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 5
U2 49
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 6
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 6
AR e65314
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0065314
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 173SK
UT WOS:000321099000053
ER
PT J
AU McGillen, MR
Baasandorj, M
Burkholder, JB
AF McGillen, Max R.
Baasandorj, Munkhbayar
Burkholder, James B.
TI Gas-Phase Rate Coefficients for the OH plus n-, i-, s-, and t-Butanol
Reactions Measured Between 220 and 380 K: Non-Arrhenius Behavior and
Site-Specific Reactivity
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; TEMPERATURE
RATE-CONSTANT; RELATIVE RATE CONSTANTS; TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL; HYDROXYL
RADICALS; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; CHLORINE ATOMS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;
INITIATED OXIDATION
AB Butanol (C4H9OH) is a potential biofuel alternative in fossil fuel gasoline and diesel formulations. The usage of butanol would necessarily lead to direct emissions into the atmosphere; thus, an understanding of its atmospheric processing and environmental impact is desired. Reaction with the OH radical is expected to be the predominant atmospheric removal process for the four aliphatic isomers of butanol. In this work, rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol isomers with the OH radical were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser induced fluorescence to monitor its temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 221-381 K at total pressures between 50 and 200 Torr (He). The reactions exhibited non-Arrhenius behavior over this temperature range and no dependence on total pressure with k(296 K) values of (9.68 +/- 0.75), (9.72 +/- 0.72), (8.88 +/- 0.69), and (1.04 +/- 0.08) (in units of 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) for n-, i-, s-, and t-butanol, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are at the 2 sigma level and include estimated systematic errors. The observed non-Arrhenius behavior is interpreted here to result from a competition between the available H-atom abstraction reactive sites, which have different activation energies and pre-exponential factors. The present results are compared with results from previous kinetic studies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and theoretical calculations and the discrepancies are discussed. Results from this work were combined with available high temperature (1200-1800 K) rate coefficient data and room temperature reaction end-product yields, where available, to derive a self-consistent site-specific set of reaction rate coefficients of the form AT(n) exp(-E/RT) for use in atmospheric and combustion chemistry modeling.
C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[McGillen, Max R.; Baasandorj, Munkhbayar] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov
RI McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985;
FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere program
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere
program.
NR 53
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD JUN 6
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 22
BP 4636
EP 4656
DI 10.1021/jp402702u
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 161TA
UT WOS:000320215000014
PM 23627621
ER
PT J
AU Gillaspy, JD
Osin, D
Ralchenko, Y
Reader, J
Blundell, SA
AF Gillaspy, J. D.
Osin, D.
Ralchenko, Yu.
Reader, J.
Blundell, S. A.
TI Transition energies of the D lines in Na-like ions
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; CU-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE;
X-RAY; SELF-ENERGY; SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTHS; 3S-3P; TRAP; EBIT
AB The NIST electron beam ion trap (EBIT) was used to measure the D-1(3s-3p(1/ 2)) and D-2(3s-3p(3/2)) transitions in Na-like ions of xenon, barium, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, erbium, tungsten, platinum, and bismuth. The wavelengths are in the range 3-12 nm. Relativistic many-body perturbation theory calculations were carried out for the D-1 and D-2 lines for every element in the isoelectronic sequence from argon (Z = 18) to uranium (Z = 92), taking into account some higher-order terms in the quantum electrodynamics (QED) expansion. Uncertainties in the calculated values were carefully assessed by considering the uncertainties in the various contributions to the total calculated transition energies. We conclude that at the current level of accuracy, the calculated values can be taken to reliably represent the isoelectronic sequence from Z = 18 to 92. The agreement of theory and experiment for the D-1 line of bismuth (Z = 83) provides a test of QED at the level of 0.4%. Our results are also sensitive to retardation effects due to the finite speed of light and to variations in the assumed nuclear size.
C1 [Gillaspy, J. D.; Osin, D.; Ralchenko, Yu.; Reader, J.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Blundell, S. A.] UJF Grenoble 1, CEA, INAC, SPSMS,UMR E, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.gillaspy@nist.gov
RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016
OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554
FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences,
U.S. Department of Energy. The experiments and data analyzes in this
work were performed by J.D.G., D.O., Y.R., and J.R.
Collisional-radiative modeling was performed by Y.R. The ab-initio
calculations were preformed by S.A.B. We thank Glenn Holland for help in
installing the elements in the MEVVA.
NR 48
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 5
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 6
AR 062503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.062503
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 160FF
UT WOS:000320101900003
ER
PT J
AU Kerckhoff, J
Andrews, RW
Ku, HS
Kindel, WF
Cicak, K
Simmonds, RW
Lehnert, KW
AF Kerckhoff, Joseph
Andrews, Reed W.
Ku, H. S.
Kindel, William F.
Cicak, Katarina
Simmonds, Raymond W.
Lehnert, K. W.
TI Tunable Coupling to a Mechanical Oscillator Circuit Using a Coherent
Feedback Network
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; RADIATION-PRESSURE; MOTION; NOISE; AMPLIFICATION;
OPTOMECHANICS; MICROMIRROR; RESONATOR; SYSTEMS; LIMIT
AB We demonstrate a fully cryogenic microwave feedback network composed of modular superconducting devices connected by transmission lines and designed to control a mechanical oscillator that is coupled to one of the devices. The network features an electromechanical device and a tunable controller that coherently receives, processes, and feeds back continuous microwave signals that modify the dynamics and readout of the mechanical state. While previous electromechanical systems represent some compromise between efficient control and efficient readout of the mechanical state, as set by the electromagnetic decay rate, the tunable controller produces a closed-loop network that can be dynamically and continuously tuned between both extremes much faster than the mechanical response time. We demonstrate that the microwave decay rate may be modulated by at least a factor of 10 at a rate greater than 10(4) times the mechanical response rate. The system is easy to build and suggests that some useful functions may arise most naturally at the network level of modular, quantum electromagnetic devices.
C1 [Kerckhoff, Joseph; Andrews, Reed W.; Ku, H. S.; Kindel, William F.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kerckhoff, Joseph; Andrews, Reed W.; Ku, H. S.; Kindel, William F.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cicak, Katarina; Simmonds, Raymond W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kerckhoff, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jkerc@jila.colorado.edu
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649
FU DARPA QuEST program; DARPA ORCHID program; NSF Physics Frontier Center
at JILA; NRC
FX We acknowledge partial support from the DARPA QuEST program, the DARPA
ORCHID program, and from the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA. J.K.
acknowledges the NRC for financial support.
NR 50
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 2
U2 25
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2160-3308
J9 PHYS REV X
JI Phys. Rev. X
PD JUN 5
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 2
AR 021013
DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.021013
PG 13
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 160HA
UT WOS:000320108100001
ER
PT J
AU Xu, MH
Tieri, DA
Holland, MJ
AF Xu, Minghui
Tieri, D. A.
Holland, M. J.
TI Simulating open quantum systems by applying SU(4) to quantum master
equations
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID PUMPING STATISTICS; DYNAMICS; LASER; OPTICS; STATE
AB We show that open quantum systems of two-level atoms symmetrically coupled to a single-mode photon field can be efficiently simulated by applying a SU(4) group theory to quantum master equations. This is important since many foundational examples in quantum optics fall into this class. We demonstrate the method by finding exact solutions for many-atom open quantum systems such as lasing and steady-state superradiance.
C1 [Xu, Minghui] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Xu, MH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Xu, Minghui/D-4701-2017
FU DARPA QuASAR program; NSF
FX We acknowledge stimulating discussions with J. Cooper and D. Meiser.
This work has been supported by the DARPA QuASAR program and the NSF.
NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 4
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 6
AR 062101
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.062101
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 157PF
UT WOS:000319910500001
ER
PT J
AU Attota, R
Bunday, B
Vartanian, V
AF Attota, Ravikiran
Bunday, Benjamin
Vartanian, Victor
TI Critical dimension metrology by through-focus scanning optical
microscopy beyond the 22 nm node
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We present results using simulations and experiments to demonstrate metrological applications of the through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) down to features at and well below the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors' 22 nm node. The TSOM method shows the ability to detect sub-nanometer, three-dimensional shape variations such as line height, sidewall angle, width, and pitch in fins of fin-shaped field effect transistor structures using conventional optical microscopes. In addition, the method requires targets substantially smaller than the conventional target size. These results provide insight into the applicability of TSOM for economical critical dimension and yield enhancement metrology. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Attota, Ravikiran] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bunday, Benjamin; Vartanian, Victor] SEMATECH Adv Metrol Div, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov
FU SEMATECH Combined Metrology Advisory Group (XMAG); Metrology Program
Advisory Group (MPAG)
FX The authors would like to thank Ronald Dixson for AFM measurements, Rick
Silver for providing access to the optical microscope, John Kramar for
useful discussions, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology
of NIST for help with sample fabrication. We also would like to thank
the SEMATECH Combined Metrology Advisory Group (XMAG) and Metrology
Program Advisory Group (MPAG) for support of this project.
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 3
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 22
AR 222107
DI 10.1063/1.4809512
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167HH
UT WOS:000320621600040
ER
PT J
AU Del'Haye, P
Diddams, SA
Papp, SB
AF Del'Haye, Pascal
Diddams, Scott A.
Papp, Scott B.
TI Laser-machined ultra-high-Q microrod resonators for nonlinear optics
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; FREQUENCY COMB GENERATION; MONOLITHIC
MICRORESONATOR; CHIP; MICROCAVITY; SILICON; STABILIZATION
AB Optical whispering-gallery microresonators are useful tools in microphotonics and non-linear optics at very low threshold powers. Here, we present details about the fabrication of ultra-high-Q whispering-gallery-mode resonators made by CO2-laser lathe machining of fused-quartz rods. The resonators can be fabricated in less than 1 min and the obtained optical quality factors exceed Q = 1 x 10(9). Demonstrated resonator diameters are in the range between 170 mu m and 8mm (free spectral ranges between 390 GHz and 8 GHz). Using these microresonators, a variety of optical nonlinearities are observed, including Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering, and four-wave mixing.
C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Diddams, Scott A.; Papp, Scott B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM pascal.delhaye@gmx.de; scott.papp@nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016
OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942
FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR program; NASA; Humboldt Foundation
FX This work is supported by NIST, the DARPA QuASAR program, and NASA. P.D.
thanks the Humboldt Foundation for support. This paper is a contribution
of NIST and is not subject to copyright in the United States.
NR 44
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 40
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 3
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 22
AR 221119
DI 10.1063/1.4809781
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167HH
UT WOS:000320621600019
ER
PT J
AU Lake, RE
Sosolik, CE
Pomeroy, JM
AF Lake, R. E.
Sosolik, C. E.
Pomeroy, J. M.
TI Classical over-the-barrier model for neutralization of highly charged
ions above thin dielectric films
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ABOVE-SURFACE NEUTRALIZATION; SLOW MULTICHARGED IONS; LIF-COVERED
AU(111); CLEAN GOLD SURFACE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IMAGE ACCELERATION;
METAL-SURFACE; BAND-GAP; DYNAMICS; FRONT
AB We apply the classical over-the-barrier (COB) model to charge transfer between highly charged ions (HCIs) and targets consisting of thin dielectric films on metals. Distances for the onset of classically allowed above-surface electron capture are obtained as a function of HCI charge state, film thickness, film permittivity, and film-metal electron binding energies. The model describes the crossover between the previously existing COB model for bulk metals and bulk dielectrics as the thickness of a dielectric film on a metal substrate increases through three distinct regimes. For ultrathin films with low permittivity and positive electron affinity, over-the-barrier charge transfer initiates from the metal electrons behind the film and critical distances are greater than those from bare metal targets. This result is consistent and compared with the recent observation of potential emission enhancement above thin C-60 films on Au(111) with increasing film thickness [Bodewits, Hoekstra, Kowarik, Dobes, and Aumayr, Phys. Rev. A 84, 042901 (2011)].
C1 [Lake, R. E.; Pomeroy, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lake, R. E.; Sosolik, C. E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Lake, RE (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Dept Appl Phys, COMP Ctr Excellence, POB 13500, Aalto 00076, Finland.
EM russell.lake@aalto.fi
OI Lake, Russell/0000-0002-6077-7036
FU NIST [NSF-CHE-0548111]; Clemson University COMSET
FX R.E.L. and C.E.S. gratefully acknowledge financial support from NIST,
Grant No. NSF-CHE-0548111, and Clemson University COMSET.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 3
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 6
AR 062901
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.062901
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 157OW
UT WOS:000319909500004
ER
PT J
AU Lorsolo, S
Gamache, J
Aksoy, A
AF Lorsolo, Sylvie
Gamache, John
Aksoy, Altug
TI Evaluation of the Hurricane Research Division Doppler Radar Analysis
Software Using Synthetic Data
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; INNER-CORE; WIND FIELDS; AIRBORNE
AB The Hurricane Research Division Doppler radar analysis software provides three-dimensional analyses of the three wind components in tropical cyclones. Although this software has been used for over a decade, there has never been a complete and in-depth evaluation of the resulting analyses. The goal here is to provide an evaluation that will permit the best use of the analyses, but also to improve the software. To evaluate the software, analyses are produced from simulated radar data acquired from an output of a Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model nature run and are compared against the model "truth'' wind fields. Comparisons of the three components of the wind show that the software provides analyses of good quality. The tangential wind is best retrieved, exhibiting an overall small mean error of 0.5 m s(-1) at most levels and a root-mean-square error less than 2 m s(-1). The retrieval of the radial wind is also quite accurate, exhibiting comparable errors, although the accuracy of the tangential wind is generally better. Some degradation of the retrieval quality is observed at higher altitude, mainly due to sparser distribution of data in the model. The vertical component of the wind appears to be the most challenging to retrieve, but the software still provides acceptable results. The tropical cyclone mean azimuthal structure and wavenumber structure are found to be very well captured. Sources of errors inherent to airborne Doppler measurements and the effects of some of the simplifications used in the simulation methodology are also discussed.
C1 [Lorsolo, Sylvie; Aksoy, Altug] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Lorsolo, Sylvie; Gamache, John; Aksoy, Altug] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Lorsolo, S (reprint author), NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM sylvie.lorsolo@noaa.gov
RI Gamache, John/A-9702-2014; Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009
OI Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378; Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710
FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project; CIMAS, a joint institute of
the University of Miami; NOAA [NA67RJ0149]
FX The authors acknowledge funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project that supported this work. This research was carried
out (in part) under the auspices of CIMAS, a joint institute of the
University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0149. The
authors thank Dr. Paul Reasor and the anonymous reviewers for their
insightful input.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1055
EP 1071
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00161.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301EF
UT WOS:000330514900003
ER
PT J
AU Smith, TM
Shen, SSP
Ren, L
Arkin, PA
AF Smith, Thomas M.
Shen, Samuel S. P.
Ren, Li
Arkin, Phillip A.
TI Estimating Monthly Precipitation Reconstruction Uncertainty Beginning in
1900
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; DATASET
AB Uncertainty estimates are computed for a statistical reconstruction of global monthly precipitation that was developed in an earlier publication. The reconstruction combined the use of spatial correlations with gauge precipitation and correlations between precipitation and related data beginning in 1900. Several types of errors contribute to uncertainty, including errors associated with the reconstruction method and input data errors. This reconstruction includes the use of correlated data for the ocean-area first guess, which contributes to much of the uncertainty over those regions. Errors associated with the input data include random, sampling, and bias errors. Random and bias data errors are mostly filtered out of the reconstruction analysis and are the smallest components of the total error. The largest errors are associated with sampling and the method, which together dominate the total error. The uncertainty estimates in this study indicate that (i) over oceans the reconstruction is most reliable in the tropics, especially the Pacific, because of the large spatial scales of ENSO; (ii) over the high-latitude oceans multidecadal variations are fairly reliable, but many month-to- month variations are not; and (iii) over-and near-land errors are much smaller because of local gauge. The reconstruction indicates that the average precipitation increases early in the twentieth century, followed by several decades of multidecadal variations with little trend until near the end of the century, when precipitation again appears to systematically increase. The uncertainty estimates indicate that the average changes over land are most reliable, while over oceans the average change over the reconstruction period is slightly larger than the uncertainty.
C1 [Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Smith, Thomas M.; Ren, Li; Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shen, Samuel S. P.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, SCSB, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM tom.smith@noaa.gov
RI Ren, Li/J-4885-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010
OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1107
EP 1122
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00197.1
PG 16
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301EF
UT WOS:000330514900006
ER
PT J
AU Cowley, R
Wijffels, S
Cheng, LJ
Boyer, T
Kizu, S
AF Cowley, Rebecca
Wijffels, Susan
Cheng, Lijing
Boyer, Tim
Kizu, Shoichi
TI Biases in Expendable Bathythermograph Data: A New View Based on
Historical Side-by-Side Comparisons
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EARTHS ENERGY IMBALANCE; FALL-RATE; XBT DATA; T-7 XBT;
UPPER-OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; ERROR; TSK; PROFILES
AB Because they make up 56% of ocean temperature profile data between 1967 and 2001, quantifying the biases in expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data is fundamental to understanding the evolution of the planetary energy and sea level budgets over recent decades. The nature and time history of these biases remain in dispute and dominate differences in analyses of the history of ocean warming. A database of over 4100 side-by-side deployments of XBTs and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data has been assembled, and this unique resource is used to characterize and separate out the pure temperature bias from depth error in a way that was not previously possible. Two independent methods of bias extraction confirm that the results are robust to bias model and fitting method. It was found that there is a pure temperature bias in Sippican probes of similar to 0.05 degrees C, independent of depth. The temperature bias has a time dependency, being larger (similar to 0.1 degrees C) in the earlier analog acquisition era and being likely due to changes in recorder type. Large depth errors are found in the 1970s-80s in shallower-measuring Sippican T4/T6 probe types, but the deeper-measuring Sippican T7/Deep Blue (DB) types have no error during this time. The Sippican T7/DB fall rate slows from similar to 1990 onward. It is found that year-to-year variations in fall rate have a bigger effect on corrections to the global XBT database than do any small effects of ocean temperature on fall rate. This study has large implications for the future development of better schemes to correct the global historical XBT archive.
C1 [Cowley, Rebecca; Wijffels, Susan] CSIRO, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Cheng, Lijing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Boyer, Tim] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Kizu, Shoichi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan.
RP Cowley, R (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM rebecca.cowley@csiro.au
RI Cowley, Rebecca/E-4258-2013
OI Cowley, Rebecca/0000-0001-8541-3573
NR 46
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1195
EP 1225
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00127.1
PG 31
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 301EF
UT WOS:000330514900014
ER
PT J
AU Wang, DH
Zhu, P
Yin, JF
Li, XF
Tao, WK
AF Wang, Donghai
Zhu, Ping
Yin, Jinfang
Li, Xiaofan
Tao, Wei-Kuo
TI Effects of Vertical Wind Shear, Radiation, and Ice Clouds on
Precipitation Distributions During a Landfall of Severe Tropical Storm,
Bilis (2006)
SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Vertical wind shear; Radiation; Ice clouds; Rainfall; Severe
cloud-resolving model simulation
ID MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; RAINFALL PROCESSES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; RESOLVING
MODEL; WATER; MESOSCALE; BUDGETS; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATIONS; ORGANIZATION
AB Torrential rainfall responses to vertical wind shear, radiation, and ice clouds during the landfall of severe Tropical Storm, Bilis (2006) are investigated via a rainfall partitioning analysis of grid-scale sensitivity experiment data. The rainfall data are partitioned into eight types based on surface rainfall budget. The largest contributions to total rainfall come from local atmospheric moistening, water vapor convergence, and hydrometeor loss/convergence (Type 3; 29%) when the large-scale upward motions occurred only in the upper troposphere on 15 July 2006. When the large-scale upward motion center moved to the mid troposphere on 16 July, Type 3 hydrometeor loss/convergence (26%) plus local atmospheric drying, water vapor divergence, and hydrometeor loss/convergence (Type 5; 25%) show equally important contributions to total rainfall.
The exclusion of vertical wind shear primarily reduced Type 5 rainfall because of the weakened hydrometeor loss/convergence on 16 July. The removal of cloud radiative effects enhances Type 5 rainfall due to increased local atmospheric drying and hydrometeor loss/convergence on 15 July. The elimination of ice clouds generally reduced Type 2 rainfall through the decreases in local atmospheric drying, water vapor convergence, and hydrometeor gain/divergence and Type 3 rainfall over two days.
C1 [Wang, Donghai; Yin, Jinfang] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Zhu, Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM d.wang@hotmail.com
RI Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU State Key Basic Research Development Program [2012CB417204,
2009CB421504]; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Science and Technology
[GYHY200806007, GYHY201006014, GYHY201206039]; National Natural Science
Foundation [40875022, 40633016, 41175064]; State Key Laboratory of
Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
FX The authors thank Prof. B. Jou at the National Taiwan University and an
anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. This research is
jointly supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program
(2012CB417204, 2009CB421504), the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare
Industry (meteorology) by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of
Science and Technology (GYHY200806007, GYHY201006014 and GYHY201206039),
the National Natural Science Foundation (40875022, 40633016, and
41175064), and the Basic Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of
Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION
PI TAIPEI
PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN
SN 1017-0839
J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI
JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 24
IS 3
BP 383
EP 392
DI 10.3319/TAO.2013.01.11.02(A)
PG 10
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 292ID
UT WOS:000329894500008
ER
PT J
AU Lillibridge, J
Lin, MS
Shum, CK
AF Lillibridge, John
Lin, Mingsen
Shum, C. K.
TI Hurricane Sandy Storm Surge Measured by Satellite Altimetry
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT News Item
C1 [Lillibridge, John] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20470 USA.
[Lin, Mingsen] Natl Satellite Ocean Applicat Serv, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Shum, C. K.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Lillibridge, J (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20470 USA.
EM john.lillibridge@noaa.gov
RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010
OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X
NR 3
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 8
EP 9
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2013.18
PG 2
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 250KX
UT WOS:000326852800003
ER
PT J
AU Monaldo, FM
Jackson, CR
Pichel, WG
AF Monaldo, Frank M.
Jackson, Christopher R.
Pichel, William G.
TI SEASAT TO RADARSAT-2 RESEARCH TO OPERATIONS
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SCATTEROMETER DATA; OCEAN SURFACE; WIND-SPEED;
SAR; WAVES; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEM; MODEL; BACKSCATTERING
C1 [Monaldo, Frank M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Jackson, Christopher R.] Global Ocean Associates, College Pk, MD USA.
[Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Monaldo, FM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM frank.monaldo@jhuapl.edu; goa@internalwaveatlas.com
RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010
OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149
NR 60
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 34
EP 45
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 250KX
UT WOS:000326852800008
ER
PT J
AU Mills, KE
Pershing, AJ
Brown, CJ
Chen, Y
Chiang, FS
Holland, DS
Lehuta, S
Nye, JA
Sun, JC
Thomas, AC
Wahle, RA
AF Mills, Katherine E.
Pershing, Andrew J.
Brown, Curtis J.
Chen, Yong
Chiang, Fu-Sung
Holland, Daniel S.
Lehuta, Sigrid
Nye, Janet A.
Sun, Jenny C.
Thomas, Andrew C.
Wahle, Richard A.
TI Fisheries Management in a Changing Climate Lessons from the 2012 Ocean
Heat Wave in the Northwest Atlantic
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LOBSTER FISHERY; IMPACTS;
SHIFTS
C1 [Mills, Katherine E.; Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Portland, ME 04104 USA.
[Mills, Katherine E.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Brown, Curtis J.; Sun, Jenny C.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA.
[Chen, Yong; Thomas, Andrew C.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA.
[Chiang, Fu-Sung] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Appl Econ, Keelung, Taiwan.
[Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Lehuta, Sigrid] IFREMER, Unite Halieut Manche Mer Nord, Boulogne Sur Mer, France.
[Nye, Janet A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Wahle, Richard A.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA.
RP Mills, KE (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Portland, ME 04104 USA.
EM kmills@gmri.org
NR 26
TC 64
Z9 65
U1 8
U2 45
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 191
EP 195
PG 5
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 250KX
UT WOS:000326852800025
ER
PT J
AU Stevens, B
Giorgetta, M
Esch, M
Mauritsen, T
Crueger, T
Rast, S
Salzmann, M
Schmidt, H
Bader, J
Block, K
Brokopf, R
Fast, I
Kinne, S
Kornblueh, L
Lohmann, U
Pincus, R
Reichler, T
Roeckner, E
AF Stevens, Bjorn
Giorgetta, Marco
Esch, Monika
Mauritsen, Thorsten
Crueger, Traute
Rast, Sebastian
Salzmann, Marc
Schmidt, Hauke
Bader, Juergen
Block, Karoline
Brokopf, Renate
Fast, Irina
Kinne, Stefan
Kornblueh, Luis
Lohmann, Ulrike
Pincus, Robert
Reichler, Thomas
Roeckner, Erich
TI Atmospheric component of the MPI-M Earth System Model: ECHAM6
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE climate; climate change; cloud feedback; general circulation model;
resolution
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; WEATHER
PREDICTION MODELS; WAVE MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; MIDDLE
ATMOSPHERE; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; MAECHAM5
MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL
AB ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of shortwave radiative transfer, the height of the model top. Minor changes have been made to model tuning and convective triggering. Several model configurations, differing in horizontal and vertical resolution, are compared. As horizontal resolution is increased beyond T63, the simulated climate improves but changes are incremental; major biases appear to be limited by the parameterization of small-scale physical processes, such as clouds and convection. Higher vertical resolution in the middle atmosphere leads to a systematic reduction in temperature biases in the upper troposphere, and a better representation of the middle atmosphere and its modes of variability. ECHAM6 represents the present climate as well as, or better than, its predecessor. The most marked improvements are evident in the circulation of the extratropics. ECHAM6 continues to have a good representation of tropical variability. A number of biases, however, remain. These include a poor representation of low-level clouds, systematic shifts in major precipitation features, biases in the partitioning of precipitation between land and sea (particularly in the tropics), and midlatitude jets that appear to be insufficiently poleward. The response of ECHAM6 to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is similar to that of ECHAM5. The equilibrium climate sensitivity of the mixed-resolution (T63L95) configuration is between 2.9 and 3.4 K and is somewhat larger for the 47 level model. Cloud feedbacks and adjustments contribute positively to warming from increasing greenhouse gases.
C1 [Stevens, Bjorn; Esch, Monika; Mauritsen, Thorsten; Crueger, Traute; Rast, Sebastian; Salzmann, Marc; Schmidt, Hauke; Bader, Juergen; Block, Karoline; Brokopf, Renate; Kinne, Stefan; Kornblueh, Luis; Roeckner, Erich] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Fast, Irina] German Climate Comp Ctr DKRZ, Hamburg, Germany.
[Lohmann, Ulrike] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pincus, Robert] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Reichler, Thomas] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Stevens, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53,KlimaCampus, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
EM bjorn.stevens@mpimet.mpg.de
RI Schmidt, Hauke/J-4469-2013; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Mauritsen,
Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014; Pincus,
Robert/B-1723-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009
OI Schmidt, Hauke/0000-0001-8271-6456; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475;
Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Salzmann,
Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Lohmann,
Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785
FU Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science; European Union
[244067]; CliSAP, an excellence cluster at the University of Hamburg;
German Science Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung
(BMBF)
FX B.S. would like to acknowledge the seminal contributions of Erich
Roeckner (now retired) to the development of this and every version of
ECHAM before it. ECHAM6 is the culmination of three decades of model
development led and motivated by E. R. To the extent that ECHAM6
represents the general circulation of the atmosphere with any fidelity
is a testament to his scientific vision, his passion, and those of an
evolving team of kindred spirits whose efforts E. R. helped organize.
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science is thanked for
their support of this research. The research leading to these results
has also received funding from the European Union, Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 244067. The XR
simulations were made possible by the STORM consortium, and funding by
CliSAP, an excellence cluster at the University of Hamburg supported by
the German Science Foundation. Computational resources were made
available by Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) through support from
the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).
NR 84
TC 264
Z9 264
U1 7
U2 73
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 2
BP 146
EP 172
DI 10.1002/jame.20015
PG 27
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229OR
UT WOS:000325277300005
ER
PT J
AU Pincus, R
Stevens, B
AF Pincus, Robert
Stevens, Bjorn
TI Paths to accuracy for radiation parameterizations in atmospheric models
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE parameterization; Monte Carlo; radiation
ID INDEPENDENT COLUMN APPROXIMATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION;
LARGE-SCALE MODELS; INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERES; LONGWAVE; OPTIMIZATION;
VARIABILITY; CLOUDS; FIELDS
AB Radiative transfer is sufficiently well understood that its parameterization in atmospheric models is primarily an effort to balance computational cost and accuracy. The most common approach is to compute radiative transfer with the highest practical spectral accuracy but infrequently in time and/or space, though errors introduced by this approximation are difficult to quantify. An alternative is to perform spectrally sparse calculations frequently in time using randomly chosen spectral quadrature points. Here we show that purely random quadrature points, though effective in some large-eddy simulations, are not a good choice for models in which the land surface responds to radiative fluxes because surface temperature perturbations can be large enough, and persistent long enough, to affect model evolution. These errors may be mitigated by choosing teams of spectral points designed to limit the maximum surface flux error; teams, rather than individual quadrature points, are then chosen randomly. The approach is implemented in the ECHAM6 global model and the results are examined using perfect-model experiments on time scales ranging from a day to a month. In this application the approach introduces errors commensurate with the infrequent calculation of broadband calculations for the same computational cost. But because teams need not increase with size, and indeed may become better and more balanced with increased spectral density, improvements in radiative transfer may not need to be traded off against spatiotemporal sampling.
RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Robert.Pincus@colorado.edu
RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013
OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470
FU Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science; National Science
Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of
Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247]; Office of Naval Research
[N00014-11-1-0441]
FX This work was supported by the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of
Science, the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center
for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado
State University under cooperative agreement No. ATM-0425247, and by the
Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-11-1-0441. Generous
computing facilities were provided by the German Climate Computing
Center (Deutches Klimarechengzentrum, DKRZ). We are grateful to the
developers of the fdrtool software [Strimmer, 2008b] for making our
field significance calculations easy. RP appreciates warm hospitality
during summer visits to the MPI and practical advice from Thorsten
Mauritsen on the care and feeding of ECHAM.
NR 36
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 2
BP 225
EP 233
DI 10.1002/jame.20027
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229OR
UT WOS:000325277300013
ER
PT J
AU Nolan, DS
Atlas, R
Bhatia, KT
Bucci, LR
AF Nolan, David S.
Atlas, Robert
Bhatia, Kieran T.
Bucci, Lisa R.
TI Development and validation of a hurricane nature run using the joint
OSSE nature run and the WRF model
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE hurricane; nature run; OSSE; validation
ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION;
4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY
BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART I; EYEWALL REPLACEMENT;
TANGENTIAL WINDS; 2-SEASON IMPACT
AB A nature run is a critical component of an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE), which is a framework for evaluating the potential impact of additional observations, enhanced observing systems, or alternative data assimilation schemes toward improving numerical weather forecasts. The nature run is a period of simulated weather generated by a research-quality numerical model, from which synthetic observations are sampled and provided to the data assimilation system and forecast model. This paper describes the development and validation of a nature run that depicts the life cycle of a strong hurricane over the North Atlantic Ocean. For compatibility with related research projects, the hurricane nature run is generated by a regional model, the weather research and forecasting model (WRF), embedded within the Joint OSSE global nature run previously generated by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. The domain sizes, resolution, and physical parameterizations used in the WRF simulation are discussed, and the evolution of the storm from tropical wave to recurving hurricane is described. The realism of the simulated hurricane is evaluated by comparing the model output to composited data from real hurricanes obtained from both in situ and remotely sensed observations. These include the pressure-wind relationship, the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer, the size and outward slope of the radius of maximum winds, and contours of frequency by altitude diagrams of reflectivity and vertical velocity. The strengths and weaknesses of the nature run hurricane are discussed.
C1 [Nolan, David S.; Bhatia, Kieran T.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Atlas, Robert] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL USA.
[Bucci, Lisa R.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Nolan, DS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM dnolan@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Bucci, Lisa/C-3284-2014
OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Bucci, Lisa/0000-0002-2706-3795
FU NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) through OSSE Testbed at
the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA Unmanned
Aerial Systems (UAS) Program; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program
(HFIP)
FX The authors would like to thank M. Masutani for providing the model
output from the Joint OSSE Nature Run. We thank R. Rogers, J. Zhang, J.
Knaff, S. Majumdar, D. Stern, and Y. Moon for their comments on the
manuscript. Diagrams like that shown in Figure 13 were first shown to us
by D. Zelinksy. This work was supported by the NOAA Office of Weather
and Air Quality (OWAQ) through its funding of the OSSE Testbed at the
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, and by the NOAA
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Program. D. Nolan was also supported by
the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP).
NR 74
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Z9 24
U1 4
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1942-2466
J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY
JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 2
BP 382
EP 405
DI 10.1002/jame.20031
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229OR
UT WOS:000325277300029
ER
PT J
AU Penczek, J
Boynton, P
Kelley, E
AF Penczek, John
Boynton, Paul
Kelley, Edward
TI Measuring 3D crosstalk uniformity and its influence on contrast ratio
SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D crosstalk; contrast ratio; 3D displays; camera; crosstalk uniformity;
display metrology
ID DISPLAYS
AB An array detector was employed to characterize the crosstalk and contrast ratio uniformity of three-dimensional (3D) displays. The measurement method is described and demonstrated on a stereoscopic display with passive glasses. The resulting high resolution spatial uniformity maps enable a comprehensive statistical characterization of the display and provide a useful visual assessment tool. The statistical uniformity data are used to evaluate the crosstalk dependence on viewing conditions (such as viewing distance), and show the degradation in display performance that could not be captured with a discrete spot measurement. The measurement method was also employed to examine the influence of crosstalk on contrast ratio. It is shown that for some 3D displays, the crosstalk uniformity can dominate the perceived contrast. A metric is proposed that defines the maximal crosstalk contribution to the perceived contrast for 3D images with small features. The summary parameters extracted from the uniformity maps can be utilized to define the boundary viewing conditions needed to maintain minimum image quality.
C1 [Penczek, John] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Penczek, John] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
[Boynton, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Kelley, Edward] Keltek, Longmont, CO USA.
RP Penczek, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM john.penczek@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1071-0922
EI 1938-3657
J9 J SOC INF DISPLAY
JI J. Soc. Inf. Disp.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 21
IS 6
BP 225
EP 230
DI 10.1002/jsid.161
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA 229MJ
UT WOS:000325269300003
ER
PT J
AU Hackley, VA
Stefaniak, AB
AF Hackley, Vincent A.
Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
TI "Real-world" precision, bias, and between-laboratory variation for
surface area measurement of a titanium dioxide nanomaterial in powder
form
SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Surface area; Reference material; Precision; Titanium dioxide;
Nanomaterial; Nanotoxicology
ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECOMMENDATIONS; NANOPARTICLES;
FINE
AB Accurate characterization of nanomaterial properties is a critical component of any nanotoxicology testing strategy. Data that describes the performance of various laboratories in measuring the characteristics of the same nanomaterial are scarce. We conducted an inter-laboratory study to evaluate "real-world" precision and bias of specific surface area measurements using a powered material containing sub-30 nm primary crystallites. Each participant was provided a sample of NIST Standard Reference Material 1898 (Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial) and a sample preparation and analysis protocol. Based on results from 19 laboratories, overall performance was good. Estimates of precision ranged from 0.10 to 3.96 % and measurement bias was generally within +/- 5 % of the certified surface area value of the material. Between-laboratory variability accounted for 91 % of the total variance and is likely explained by gravimetric errors. Reliable determination of intrinsic nanomaterial properties such as surface area will permit development of protocols for toxicity testing, verification of laboratory proficiency, and consistency in interpretation of toxicity study data.
C1 [Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vince.hackley@nist.gov; AStefaniak@cdc.gov
RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013;
OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724
FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999]
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1388-0764
EI 1572-896X
J9 J NANOPART RES
JI J. Nanopart. Res.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 15
IS 6
AR UNSP 1742
DI 10.1007/s11051-013-1742-y
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 235JW
UT WOS:000325715500002
PM 26251637
ER
PT J
AU Jonsson, BF
Doney, SC
Dunne, J
Bender, M
AF Jonsson, Bror F.
Doney, Scott C.
Dunne, John
Bender, Michael
TI Evaluation of the Southern Ocean O-2/Ar-based NCP estimates in a model
framework
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE biological production; Southern Ocean; O-2; Ar; modeling; oxygen; GCM
ID TRIPLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; INLET
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GROSS O-2 PRODUCTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; MARINE; OXYGEN;
RATES; PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION
AB The sea-air biological O-2 flux assessed from measurements of surface O-2 supersaturation in excess of Ar supersaturation (O-2 bioflux) is increasingly being used to constrain net community production (NCP) in the upper ocean mixed layer. In making these calculations, one generally assumes that NCP is at steady state, mixed layer depth is constant, and there is no O-2 exchange across the base of the mixed layer. The object of this paper is to evaluate the magnitude of errors introduced by violations of these assumptions. Therefore, we examine the differences between the sea-air biological O-2 flux and NCP in the Southern Ocean mixed layer as calculated using two ocean biogeochemistry general circulation models. In this approach, NCP is considered a known entity in the prognostic model, whereas O-2 bioflux is estimated using the model-predicted O-2/Ar ratio to compute the mixed layer biological O-2 saturation and the gas transfer velocity to calculate flux. We find that the simulated biological O-2 flux gives an accurate picture of the regional-scale patterns and trends in model NCP. However, on local scales, violations of the assumptions behind the O-2/Ar method lead to significant, non-uniform differences between model NCP and biological O-2 flux. These errors arise from two main sources. First, venting of biological O-2 to the atmosphere can be misaligned from NCP in both time and space. Second, vertical fluxes of oxygen across the base of the mixed layer complicate the relationship between NCP and the biological O-2 flux. Our calculations show that low values of O-2 bioflux correctly register that NCP is also low (<10mmolm(-2)day(-1)), but fractional errors are large when rates are this low. Values between 10 and 40mmolm(-2)day(-1) in areas with intermediate mixed layer depths of 30 to 50m have the smallest absolute and relative errors. Areas with O-2 bioflux higher than 30mmolm(-2)day(-1) and mixed layers deeper than 40m tend to underestimate NCP by up to 20mmolm(-2)day(-1). Excluding time periods when mixed layer biological O-2 is undersaturated, O-2 bioflux underestimates time-averaged NCP by 5%-15%. If these time periods are included, O-2 bioflux underestimates mixed layer NCP by 20%-35% in the Southern Ocean. The higher error estimate is relevant if one wants to estimate seasonal NCP since a significant amount of biological production takes place when mixed layer biological O-2 is undersaturated.
C1 [Jonsson, Bror F.; Bender, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Dunne, John] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Jonsson, BF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM bjonsson@princeton.edu
RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012
OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489
FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NASA NNX08AF12G]; National
Science Foundation [NSF OPP-0823101]
FX This work was supported in part by funding from the National Aeronautic
and Space Administration (NASA NNX08AF12G) and National Science
Foundation (NSF OPP-0823101). We also want to thank two anonymous
reviewers for the insightful and constructive suggestions on how to
improve the manuscript.
NR 37
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-8953
EI 2169-8961
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 2
BP 385
EP 399
DI 10.1002/jgrg.20032
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 224TU
UT WOS:000324913100002
ER
PT J
AU Berry, J
Wolf, A
Campbell, JE
Baker, I
Blake, N
Blake, D
Denning, AS
Kawa, SR
Montzka, SA
Seibt, U
Stimler, K
Yakir, D
Zhu, ZX
AF Berry, Joe
Wolf, Adam
Campbell, J. Elliott
Baker, Ian
Blake, Nicola
Blake, Don
Denning, A. Scott
Kawa, S. Randy
Montzka, Stephen A.
Seibt, Ulrike
Stimler, Keren
Yakir, Dan
Zhu, Zhengxin
TI A coupled model of the global cycles of carbonyl sulfide and CO2: A
possible new window on the carbon cycle
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbonyl Sulfide; Carbon dioxide; PCTM; SiB
ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE;
LEAF MODELS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; ANHYDRASE; LEAVES; FLUXES
AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an atmospheric trace gas that participates in some key reactions of the carbon cycle and thus holds great promise for studies of carbon cycle processes. Global monitoring networks and atmospheric sampling programs provide concurrent data on COS and CO2 concentrations in the free troposphere and atmospheric boundary layer over vegetated areas. Here we present a modeling framework for interpreting these data and illustrate what COS measurements might tell us about carbon cycle processes. We implemented mechanistic and empirical descriptions of leaf and soil COS uptake into a global carbon cycle model (SiB 3) to obtain new estimates of the COS land flux. We then introduced these revised boundary conditions to an atmospheric transport model (Parameterized Chemical Transport Model) to simulate the variations in the concentration of COS and CO2 in the global atmosphere. To balance the threefold increase in the global vegetation sink relative to the previous baseline estimate, we propose a new ocean COS source. Using a simple inversion approach, we optimized the latitudinal distribution of this ocean source and found that it is concentrated in the tropics. The new model is capable of reproducing the seasonal variation in atmospheric concentration at most background atmospheric sites. The model also reproduces the observed large vertical gradients in COS between the boundary layer and free troposphere. Using a simulation experiment, we demonstrate that comparing drawdown of CO2 with COS could provide additional constraints on differential responses of photosynthesis and respiration to environmental forcing. The separation of these two distinct processes is essential to understand the carbon cycle components for improved prediction of future responses of the terrestrial biosphere to changing environmental conditions.
C1 [Berry, Joe] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Wolf, Adam] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Campbell, J. Elliott] Univ Calif, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA.
[Baker, Ian; Denning, A. Scott] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Blake, Nicola; Blake, Don] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Kawa, S. Randy; Zhu, Zhengxin] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Montzka, Stephen A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Seibt, Ulrike] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Stimler, Keren; Yakir, Dan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Berry, J (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM joeberry@stanford.edu
RI Yakir, Dan/K-1500-2012
FU NASA Earth Science Program; Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of
Energy
FX We gratefully acknowledge George Wolf and Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe
LLP for providing a meeting space to develop this work and Mohammad
Abu-Naser for helping in the preparation of figures. This research was
supported in part by the NASA Earth Science Program and the Office of
Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy. This research also had
substantial contributions that were conducted without grant support and
reflect the generosity of our colleagues and home institutions.
NR 55
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 4
U2 50
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-8953
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 2
BP 842
EP 852
DI 10.1002/jgrg.20068
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 224TU
UT WOS:000324913100034
ER
PT J
AU Sergienko, OV
Goldberg, DN
Little, CM
AF Sergienko, O. V.
Goldberg, D. N.
Little, C. M.
TI Alternative ice shelf equilibria determined by ocean environment
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
DE ice shelves; sub-ice-shelf cavities; numerical modeling
ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; ANTARCTICA; FLOW; CIRCULATION; BENEATH;
TEMPERATURE; SHEET
AB Dynamic and thermodynamic regimes of ice shelves experiencing weak (less than or similar to 1 m year(-1)) to strong (similar to 10myear(-1)) basal melting in cold (bottom temperature close to the in situ freezing point) and warm oceans (bottom temperature more than half of a degree warmer than the in situ freezing point) are investigated using a 1-D coupled ice/ocean model complemented with a newly derived analytic expression for the steady state temperature distribution in ice shelves. This expression suggests the existence of a basal thermal boundary layer with thickness inversely proportional to the basal melt rate. Model simulations show that ice shelves afloat in warm ocean waters have significantly colder internal ice temperatures than those that float in cold waters. Our results indicate that in steady states, the mass balance of ice shelves experiencing strong and weak melting is controlled by different processes: in ice shelves with strong melting, it is a balance between ice advection and basal melting, and in ice shelves with weak melting, it is a balance between ice advection and deformation. Sensitivity simulations show that ice shelves in cold and warm oceans respond differently to increase of the ocean heat content. Ice shelves in cold waters are more sensitive to warming of the ocean bottom waters, while ice shelves in warm waters are more sensitive to shallowing of the depth of the thermocline.
C1 [Sergienko, O. V.] GFDL AOS Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Goldberg, D. N.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Boston, MA USA.
[Little, C. M.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), GFDL AOS Princeton Univ, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM osergien@princeton.edu
FU NSF [ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534, ANT-1103375]; Princeton Carbon Mitigation
Initiative
FX We thank Editor Bryn Hubbard, the Associate Editor Poul Christoffersen,
and three anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions that
improved clarity of the manuscript. We also thank Doug MacAyeal for
useful discussions and help with this manuscript. O.V.S. is supported by
NSF grants ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534. D.N.G. is supported by NSF grant
ANT-1103375. C. M. L. is supported by the Princeton Carbon Mitigation
Initiative.
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 2
BP 970
EP 981
DI 10.1002/jgrf.20054
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 225VU
UT WOS:000324993900040
ER
PT J
AU Lumpkin, R
Johnson, GC
AF Lumpkin, Rick
Johnson, Gregory C.
TI Global ocean surface velocities from drifters: Mean, variance, El
Nino-Southern Oscillation response, and seasonal cycle
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE surface currents; climatology; drifters
ID EQUATORIAL CURRENT BIFURCATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN;
LAGRANGIAN DRIFTERS; INDIAN-OCEAN; UNDROGUED DRIFTERS; PHILIPPINE COAST;
COLD-TONGUE; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY
AB Global near-surface currents are calculated from satellite-tracked drogued drifter velocities on a 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees latitude-longitude grid using a new methodology. Data used at each grid point lie within a centered bin of set area with a shape defined by the variance ellipse of current fluctuations within that bin. The time-mean current, its annual harmonic, semiannual harmonic, correlation with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), spatial gradients, and residuals are estimated along with formal error bars for each component. The time-mean field resolves the major surface current systems of the world. The magnitude of the variance reveals enhanced eddy kinetic energy in the western boundary current systems, in equatorial regions, and along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, as well as three large eddy deserts, two in the Pacific and one in the Atlantic. The SOI component is largest in the western and central tropical Pacific, but can also be seen in the Indian Ocean. Seasonal variations reveal details such as the gyre-scale shifts in the convergence centers of the subtropical gyres, and the seasonal evolution of tropical currents and eddies in the western tropical Pacific Ocean. The results of this study are available as a monthly climatology.
C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Rick.Lumpkin@noaa.gov
RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704
FU NOAA Research; NOAA Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
FX NOAA Research and the NOAA Climate Program Office funded this work. R.
L. received additional support from the Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory and G.C.J. from the Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory. Conversations and input from Chris Meinen,
Carlisle Thacker, Kathleen Dohan, Semyon Grodsky, Jacob Wenegrat, Frank
Bryan, and three anonymous reviewers helped improve the original
manuscript. The drifter data were collected and made freely available by
the Global Drifter Program
(http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/envids/gld/index.php). OSCAR data are
available at http://www.oscar.noaa.gov. PMEL publication 3902.
NR 88
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 6
BP 2992
EP 3006
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20210
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224KZ
UT WOS:000324885500017
ER
PT J
AU Goes, M
Goni, G
Hormann, V
Perez, RC
AF Goes, Marlos
Goni, Gustavo
Hormann, Verena
Perez, Renellys C.
TI Variability of the Atlantic off-equatorial eastward currents during
1993-2010 using a synthetic method
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE tropical Atlantic; off-equatorial currents; XBT; altimetry; variability
ID WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC; NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; COMPLEMENT OBSERVED
TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
UPPER-LAYER CIRCULATION; SUBSURFACE COUNTERCURRENTS;
SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH; TOPEX/POSEIDON
ALTIMETRY
AB We have developed, validated, and applied a synthetic method to monitor the off-equatorial eastward currents in the central tropical Atlantic. This method combines high-density expendable bathythermograph (XBT) temperature data along the AX08 transect with altimetric sea level anomalies (SLAs) to estimate dynamic height fields from which the mean properties of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) and the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC), and their variability can be estimated on seasonal to interannual timescales. On seasonal to interannual timescales, the synthetic method is well suited for reconstructions of the NECC variability, reproduces the variability of the NEUC with considerable skill, and less efficiently describes variations of the SEUC, which is located in a region of low SLA variability. A positive correlation is found between interannual variations of the NECC transport and two indices based on an interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and southeasterly wind stress in the central tropical Atlantic. The NEUC is correlated on interannual timescales with SSTs and meridional wind stress in the Gulf of Guinea and zonal equatorial wind stress. This study shows that both altimetry and XBT data can be effectively combined for near-real-time inference of the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the tropical Atlantic current system.
C1 [Goes, Marlos; Hormann, Verena; Perez, Renellys C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Goes, Marlos; Goni, Gustavo; Hormann, Verena; Perez, Renellys C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Goes, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM marlos.goes@noaa.go
RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Goni,
Gustavo/D-2017-2012
OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079;
Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170
FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS);
cooperative institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA/AOML; NOAA's
Climate Program Office
FX The authors thank Greg Foltz, Rick Lumpkin, George Halliwell, and Molly
Baringer for insightful discussions. This research was carried out under
the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric
Studies (CIMAS), a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative
agreement NA17RJ1226. This work is supported by NOAA/AOML and NOAA's
Climate Program Office. The authors acknowledge the effort of ship crews
and logistic personnel.
NR 112
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 6
BP 3026
EP 3045
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20186
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224KZ
UT WOS:000324885500019
ER
PT J
AU Liang, XM
Ignatov, A
AF Liang, XingMing
Ignatov, Alexander
TI AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS radiometric stability and consistency in SST
bands
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE double differences; AVHRR MODIS VIIRS; radiometric consistency; SST;
model minus observation; CRTM
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RADIANCES; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; SATELLITE;
CHANNELS; OCEANS; MODEL; AIRS
AB Monitoring of IR Clear-Sky Radiances over Oceans for SST (MICROS; www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros) is NESDIS near-real time web-based radiance monitoring system. It analyzes Model (Community Radiative Transfer Model, CRTM) minus Observation (M-O) biases in brightness temperatures (BT) in three bands centered at 3.7 (IR37), 11 (IR11), and 12 mu m (IR12), for several AVHRR (NOAA-16, -17, -18, -19, Metop-A, -B), VIIRS (Suomi National Polar Partnership, S-NPP), and MODIS (Terra, Aqua) sensors. Double-differences (DD) are employed to check BTs for radiometric stability and consistency. All sensors are stable, with the exception of two AVHRRs, onboard NOAA-16 and to a lesser extent NOAA-18, and generally consistent. VIIRS onboard S-NPP, launched in October 2011, is well in-family, especially after its calibration was fine-tuned on 7 March 2012. MODIS M-O biases were initially out-of-family by up to -0.6 K, due to incorrect CRTM transmittance coefficients. Following MICROS feedback, CRTM Team updated coefficients and brought MODIS back in-family. Terra and Aqua BTs are very consistent in IR11 and IR12 but show cross-platform bias of 0.3 K in IR37, likely attributed to MODIS characterization. Work with MODIS Characterization Support Team is underway to resolve this. Initial analyses of AVHRR onboard Metop-B launched in September 2012 suggest that its BTs are offset from Metop-A by up to approximate to 0.3 K. Overall, MICROS DDs are well suited to evaluate the sensors stability, but dedicated effort is needed to ensure consistent radiative transfer modeling (RTM) calculations for various sensors before DDs can be used in Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) quantitative applications.
C1 [Liang, XingMing; Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liang, XingMing] CIRA, CSU, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Liang, XM (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court,Rm 3727, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM xingming.liang@noaa.gov
RI Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010
OI Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509; Ignatov,
Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944
FU JPSS; GOES-R Program Offices; NOAA Product System Development and
Implementation (PSDI); Ocean Remote Sensing Programs
FX This work is supported by the JPSS and GOES-R Program Offices, and NOAA
Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) and Ocean Remote
Sensing Programs. Thanks to John Stroup, Boris Petrenko, Korak Saha,
Yury Kihai, and John Sapper of NESDIS for contributions to ACSPO and
MICROS development, and data collection and processing. Thanks to
Quanhua Liu, Paul Van Delst, Yong Chen, David Groff and Fuzhong Weng of
NESDIS Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation provided CRTM, and
Eva Borbas and Chris Moeller of University of Wisconsin-Madison for
helpful discussions of CRTM coefficients. Thanks also to Simon Hook of
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Xiaoxiong Xiong of NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Changyong Cao, Fred Wu, Fangfang Yu of NESDIS, and Tim
Hewison of EUMETSAT for helpful discussions. Thanks also go to three
anonymous reviewers of this manuscript and JGR Editor, Eric Des Barton,
for valuable recommendations. The views, opinions, and findings
contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be
construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 6
BP 3161
EP 3171
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20205
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224KZ
UT WOS:000324885500029
ER
PT J
AU Pulkkinen, A
Rastatter, L
Kuznetsova, M
Singer, H
Balch, C
Weimer, D
Toth, G
Ridley, A
Gombosi, T
Wiltberger, M
Raeder, J
Weigel, R
AF Pulkkinen, A.
Rastaetter, L.
Kuznetsova, M.
Singer, H.
Balch, C.
Weimer, D.
Toth, G.
Ridley, A.
Gombosi, T.
Wiltberger, M.
Raeder, J.
Weigel, R.
TI Community-wide validation of geospace model ground magnetic field
perturbation predictions to support model transition to operations
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE model transition; geomagnetically induced currents; model validation
ID IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE MODEL; HORIZONTAL GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; EXPLORER 12
OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-WIND; CIRCULATION MODEL; SPACE WEATHER;
MAGNETOSPHERIC MODEL; GLOBAL SIMULATION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MHD SIMULATION
AB In this paper we continue the community-wide rigorous modern space weather model validation efforts carried out within GEM, CEDAR and SHINE programs. In this particular effort, in coordination among the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC), NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), modelers, and science community, we focus on studying the models' capability to reproduce observed ground magnetic field fluctuations, which are closely related to geomagnetically induced current phenomenon. One of the primary motivations of the work is to support NOAA SWPC in their selection of the next numerical model that will be transitioned into operations. Six geomagnetic events and 12 geomagnetic observatories were selected for validation. While modeled and observed magnetic field time series are available for all 12 stations, the primary metrics analysis is based on six stations that were selected to represent the high-latitude and mid-latitude locations. Events-based analysis and the corresponding contingency tables were built for each event and each station. The elements in the contingency table were then used to calculate Probability of Detection (POD), Probability of False Detection (POFD) and Heidke Skill Score (HSS) for rigorous quantification of the models' performance. In this paper the summary results of the metrics analyses are reported in terms of POD, POFD and HSS. More detailed analyses can be carried out using the event by event contingency tables provided as an online appendix. An online interface built at CCMC and described in the supporting information is also available for more detailed time series analyses.
C1 [Pulkkinen, A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Pulkkinen, A.; Rastaetter, L.; Kuznetsova, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Singer, H.; Balch, C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Weimer, D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Toth, G.; Ridley, A.; Gombosi, T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Wiltberger, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Weigel, R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Pulkkinen, A (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
EM antti.a.pulkkinen@nasa.gov
RI Toth, Gabor/B-7977-2013; Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; Rastaetter,
Lutz/D-4715-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011
OI Toth, Gabor/0000-0002-5654-9823; Wiltberger,
Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147;
Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951
NR 95
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 11
IS 6
BP 369
EP 385
DI 10.1002/swe.20056
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 231OI
UT WOS:000325426100009
ER
PT J
AU Marks, KM
Smith, WHF
Sandwell, DT
AF Marks, K. M.
Smith, W. H. F.
Sandwell, D. T.
TI Significant improvements in marine gravity from ongoing satellite
missions
SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Satellite gravity; Multibeam; Bathymetry; Coherence; Noise
ID ALTIMETRY; BATHYMETRY
AB Incorporating new altimeter data from CryoSat-2 (30 months), Envisat (18 months), and Jason-1 (7 months) satellites into an updated marine gravity field yields significant reduction in noise and improved resolution. Compared to an older gravity field that did not include the new altimeter data, incoherent power is reduced globally by approximately 2.9 dB at 15 km, 1.6 dB at 20 km, and 1.0 dB at 25 km wavelengths. Coherence analyses between the updated gravity and recent multibeam surveys distributed throughout the world's oceans shows an average increase of similar to 0.023 in mean coherence in the 20-160 km waveband, with the biggest increase (> 0.08) over fast spreading ridges and smallest (< 0.02) over slow spreading ridges and continental shelves. The shortest wavelength at which coherence is above 0.5 decreased globally by similar to 2 km wavelength, with the biggest decrease (> 3.5 km) over fast spreading ridges and smallest (< 1.5 km) over slow spreading ridges and continental shelves. In the Clipperton fracture zone area these improvements result in seamounts that are more accurately located, the detection of smaller seamounts, and the expression of north-south trending abyssal hill fabric. As more altimeter data from the ongoing satellite missions are incorporated into future gravity field updates, finer-scale details of the seafloor will continue to emerge.
C1 [Marks, K. M.; Smith, W. H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Sandwell, D. T.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, E-RA 31,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM karen.marks@noaa.gov
RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010;
OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495;
Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0025-3235
EI 1573-0581
J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES
JI Mar. Geophys. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 34
IS 2
BP 137
EP 146
DI 10.1007/s11001-013-9190-8
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography
GA 219IP
UT WOS:000324499800005
ER
PT J
AU Khanna, M
Speir, C
AF Khanna, Madhu
Speir, Cameron
TI Motivations for Proactive Environmental Management
SO SUSTAINABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental management practices; pollution prevention; structural
equation modeling; factor analysis
ID MISSING DATA; SELF-REGULATION; GOOD ENOUGH; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE;
ADOPTION; INDUSTRY; INCENTIVES; OPERATIONS; RESOURCES
AB This paper examines the extent to which there are differential incentives that motivate the adoption of environmental management practices (EMPs) and pollution prevention (P2) methods. We analyze the role of internal drivers such as managerial attitudes towards the environment and external pressures using both observed characteristics of facilities and perceived pressures. We estimate a structural equation model using survey data from facilities in Oregon that involves simultaneous estimation of the latent dependent and explanatory variables and the two regression equations explaining adoption behavior of EMPs and P2. We find that perceived regulatory pressures and managerial attitudes have a statistically significant impact on the adoption of both EMPs and P2 practices, while market pressures were significant in influencing the adoption of EMPs but not P2 methods. Furthermore; we find that both external regulatory pressures and internal managerial attitudes had a larger impact in motivating adoption by facilities that did not view environmental issues as being a significant concern as compared to facilities that did.
C1 [Khanna, Madhu] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Speir, Cameron] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Khanna, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, 1301 W,Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM khanna1@illinois.edu; cameron.speir@noaa.gov
NR 55
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 12
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2071-1050
J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL
JI Sustainability
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 6
BP 2664
EP 2692
DI 10.3390/su5062664
PG 29
WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences;
Environmental Studies
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 213IK
UT WOS:000324049400019
ER
PT J
AU Becerra, FE
Fan, J
Migdall, A
AF Becerra, F. E.
Fan, J.
Migdall, A.
TI Implementation of generalized quantum measurements for unambiguous
discrimination of multiple non-orthogonal coherent states
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; RECEIVER
AB Generalized quantum measurements implemented to allow for measurement outcomes termed inconclusive can perform perfect discrimination of non-orthogonal states, a task which is impossible using only measurements with definitive outcomes. Here we demonstrate such generalized quantum measurements for unambiguous discrimination of four non-orthogonal coherent states and obtain their quantum mechanical description, the positive-operator valued measure. For practical realizations of this positive-operator valued measure, where noise and realistic imperfections prevent perfect unambiguous discrimination, we show that our experimental implementation outperforms any ideal standard-quantum-limited measurement performing the same non-ideal unambiguous state discrimination task for coherent states with low mean photon numbers.
C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fbecerra@umd.edu
FU Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute
FX We acknowledge partial financial support of the Physics Frontier Center
at the Joint Quantum Institute. F.E.B. thanks Jon Kosloski and Julius
Goldhar for fruitful discussions.
NR 38
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 14
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 4
AR 2028
DI 10.1038/ncomms3028
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 207TI
UT WOS:000323626400002
PM 23774177
ER
PT J
AU Kimura, K
Nakatsuji, S
Wen, JJ
Broholm, C
Stone, MB
Nishibori, E
Sawa, H
AF Kimura, K.
Nakatsuji, S.
Wen, J-J.
Broholm, C.
Stone, M. B.
Nishibori, E.
Sawa, H.
TI Quantum fluctuations in spin-ice-like Pr2Zr2O7
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC MONOPOLES; FERROMAGNET; ENTROPY
AB Spin ice is a magnetic analog of H2O ice that harbors dense static disorder. Dipolar interactions between classical spins yield a frozen frustrated state with residual configurational Pauling entropy and emergent magnetic monopolar quasiparticles. Introducing quantum fluctuations is of great interest as this could melt spin ice and allow coherent propagation of monopoles. Here, we report experimental evidence for quantum dynamics of magnetic monopolar quasiparticles in a new class of spin ice based on exchange interactions, Pr2Zr2O7. Narrow pinch point features in otherwise diffuse elastic neutron scattering reflects adherence to a divergence-free constraint for disordered spins on long time scales. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data correspondingly show exponentially activated behaviors. In sharp contrast to conventional ice, however, > 90% of the neutron scattering is inelastic and devoid of pinch points furnishing evidence for magnetic monopolar quantum fluctuations.
C1 [Kimura, K.; Nakatsuji, S.] Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
[Nakatsuji, S.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
[Wen, J-J.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Wen, J-J.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Broholm, C.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Broholm, C.; Stone, M. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Nishibori, E.; Sawa, H.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
RP Nakatsuji, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
EM satoru@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Wen,
Jiajia/C-5370-2013; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715;
Wen, Jiajia/0000-0002-1651-3578;
FU JSPS [21684019, 23740259, 19052003]; MEXT, Japan; Global COE Program
'the Physical Sciences Frontier', MEXT, Japan; PRESTO of JST; Toray
Science and Technology Grant; US-Japan Cooperative Program, ISSP; US
DoE, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and
Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NSF [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
Energy
FX We thank Y. Karaki, Y. Shimura, T. Sakakibara, K. Kuga, M. Takigawa, T.
M. McQueen, S. Koohpayeh, K. Matsuhira, Y. Nambu, A. A. Nugroho, Y.
Ohta, S. Onoda, R. Satake, O. Tchernyshyov and Y. Wan for useful
discussions. This work is partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for
Scientific Research (Nos. 21684019 and 23740259) from JSPS, by
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (No. 19052003)
and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows from MEXT, Japan, by Global COE
Program 'the Physical Sciences Frontier', MEXT, Japan, by PRESTO of JST,
by a Toray Science and Technology Grant and by US-Japan Cooperative
Program, ISSP. Work at IQM was supported by the US DoE, office of Basic
Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under
DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
the NSF under DMR-0944772. Research conducted at ORNL's Spallation
Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Part of this
work was conducted while CB was a JSPS fellow at ISSP. The use of the
Materials Design and Characterization Laboratory at ISSP is gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 36
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 7
U2 76
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 4
AR 1934
DI 10.1038/ncomms2914
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 207SM
UT WOS:000323624100001
PM 23770751
ER
PT J
AU Steensen, T
Stuefer, M
Webley, P
Grell, G
Freitas, S
AF Steensen, T.
Stuefer, M.
Webley, P.
Grell, G.
Freitas, S.
TI Qualitative comparison of Mount Redoubt 2009 volcanic clouds using the
PUFF and WRF-Chem dispersion models and satellite remote sensing data
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Remote sensing; WRF-Chem; PUFF; Mount Redoubt; Ash clouds
ID ASH CLOUDS; ALASKA; ERUPTIONS; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY
AB Satellite remote sensing data presents an important tool to map and analyze airborne volcanic ash, both spatially and temporally. However, such data only represents an instant in time. To supplement the satellite data and to forecast plume and cloud movement, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models are used. Mount Redoubt Volcano erupted in March and April 2009 with 19 detected events. By analyzing events 5 and 19, we show how satellite data can be used in combination with PUFF and the Weather Research and Forecast model with online Chemistry (WRF-Chem). WRF-Chem has been combined and initialized with a volcanic eruption model. PUFF as well as WRF-Chem show a good assessment of the plume characteristics compared to the satellite data. Especially for event 19, we observed a very close match between WRF-CHEM and satellite data, where PUFF showed an offset of the predicted plume. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Steensen, T.; Stuefer, M.; Webley, P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Steensen, T.; Webley, P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Grell, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Freitas, S.] Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat CPTEC INPE, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.
RP Steensen, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
EM tsteensen@gi.alaska.edu
RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Webley,
Peter/F-8238-2015
OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X;
Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151
FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant (ARRA)
FX We thank the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant (ARRA) for
their support of this research. In addition, we thank the Alaska Volcano
Observatory for providing the satellite data. The Alaska Volcano
Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological
Survey (USGS), the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska
Fairbanks (UAFGI), and the State of Alaska Division of Geological and
Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS). Finally, we thank the Arctic Region
Supercomputing Center who provided the processing time and data storage
space on their supercomputers for the WRF-Chem modeling.
NR 26
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 259
SI SI
BP 235
EP 247
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.02.018
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 195FU
UT WOS:000322688500017
ER
PT J
AU Cohl, HS
Volkmer, H
AF Cohl, H. S.
Volkmer, H.
TI Separation of variables in an asymmetric cyclidic coordinate system
SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATIONS
AB A global analysis is presented of solutions for Laplace's equation on three-dimensional Euclidean space in one of the most general orthogonal asymmetric confocal cyclidic coordinate systems which admit solutions through separation of variables. We refer to this coordinate system as five-cyclide coordinates since the coordinate surfaces are given by two cyclides of genus zero which represent inversions of each other with respect to the unit sphere, a cyclide of genus one, and two disconnected cyclides of genus zero. This coordinate system is obtained by stereographic projection of sphero-conal coordinates on four-dimensional Euclidean space. The harmonics in this coordinate system are given by products of solutions of second-order Fuchsian ordinary differential equations with five elementary singularities. The Dirichlet problem for the global harmonics in this coordinate system is solved using multiparameter spectral theory in the regions bounded by the asymmetric confocal cyclidic coordinate surfaces. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Cohl, H. S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Volkmer, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0022-2488
J9 J MATH PHYS
JI J. Math. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 54
IS 6
AR 063513
DI 10.1063/1.4812321
PG 23
WC Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 174IL
UT WOS:000321148800036
ER
PT J
AU Yoon, HP
Lee, Y
Bohn, CD
Ko, SH
Gianfrancesco, AG
Steckel, JS
Coe-Sullivan, S
Talin, AA
Zhitenev, NB
AF Yoon, Heayoung P.
Lee, Youngmin
Bohn, Christopher D.
Ko, Seung-Hyeon
Gianfrancesco, Anthony G.
Steckel, Jonathan S.
Coe-Sullivan, Seth
Talin, A. Alec
Zhitenev, Nikolai B.
TI High-resolution photocurrent microscopy using near-field
cathodoluminescence of quantum dots
SO AIP ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; BEAM EXCITATION;
SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTORS; PBSE
AB We report a fast, versatile photocurrent imaging technique to visualize the local photo response of solar energy devices and optoelectronics using near-field cathodoluminescence (CL) from a homogeneous quantum dot layer. This approach is quantitatively compared with direct measurements of high-resolution Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) using a thin film solar cell (n-CdS / p-CdTe). Qualitatively, the observed image contrast is similar, showing strong enhancement of the carrier collection efficiency at the p-n junction and near the grain boundaries. The spatial resolution of the new technique, termed Q-EBIC (EBIC using quantum dots), is determined by the absorption depth of photons. The results demonstrate a new method for high-resolution, sub-wavelength photocurrent imaging measurement relevant for a wide range of applications. (C) 2013 Author(s).
C1 [Yoon, Heayoung P.; Lee, Youngmin; Bohn, Christopher D.; Ko, Seung-Hyeon; Gianfrancesco, Anthony G.; Talin, A. Alec; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yoon, Heayoung P.; Ko, Seung-Hyeon] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gianfrancesco, Anthony G.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01602 USA.
[Steckel, Jonathan S.; Coe-Sullivan, Seth] QD Vis Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA.
[Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Yoon, HP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM heayoung.yoon@nist.gov; nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov
RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014
FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards; Technology
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of
Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology;
United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors thank Glenn Holland, Alan Band, David Rutter, Steve
Blankenship, and Joshua Schumacher for helping on sample preparation and
instrumentation. We also thank A. Boosalis and N. Nguyen for
ellipsometery analysis, and J. Alexander Liddle, Veronika Szalai, Keana
Scott, and Paul Haney for valuable discussions. H. P. Yoon and S. Ko
acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the
University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award
70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. This research was
performed while Y. Lee and C. D. Bohn held a National Research Council
Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia
Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department
of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 47
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 2158-3226
J9 AIP ADV
JI AIP Adv.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 6
AR 062112
DI 10.1063/1.4811275
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 174GY
UT WOS:000321144300012
ER
PT J
AU Delarue, J
Martin, B
Hannay, D
Berchok, CL
AF Delarue, Julien
Martin, Bruce
Hannay, David
Berchok, Catherine L.
TI Acoustic Occurrence and Affiliation of Fin Whales Detected in the
Northeastern Chukchi Sea, July to October 2007-10
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Article
DE fin whale; Balaenoptera physalus; Chukchi Sea; distribution; detection;
passive acoustic monitoring; song; stock assessment
ID BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; POPULATION-DENSITY; BOWHEAD WHALES; NORTH
PACIFIC; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA; OCEAN; VOCALIZATIONS; CALIFORNIA; MAMMALS
AB Fin whales are common throughout the North Pacific region, particularly in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea, even though these areas were heavily depleted by decades of whaling. Whalers also took fin. whales in the southwestern Chukchi Sea, but only five sightings have been reported for the entire Chukchi Sea in the past 30 years. Large-scale arrays consisting of 26-44 bottom-mounted acoustic recorders were deployed in the northeastern Chukchi Sea from July to October in 2007 to 2010. Fin whales were detected off Cape Lisburne and Point Lay in 2007, 2009, and 2010. Large interannual variations in the number of acoustic detections may be related to environmental conditions. Calls detected during summer months consisted primarily of irregular sequences. Stereotyped sequences, called songs, were also detected at the end of the recording period in 2007 and 2010. Their structure matched that of one of the songs recorded in the Bering Sea, suggesting that only one of the stocks occurring in the Bering Sea extends its range into the northeastern Chukchi Sea. These detections currently represent the northernmost fin whale records in the North Pacific region.
C1 [Delarue, Julien; Martin, Bruce] JASCO Appl Sci, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1Z1, Canada.
[Hannay, David] JASCO Appl Sci, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada.
[Berchok, Catherine L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Delarue, J (reprint author), JASCO Appl Sci, 202-32 Troop Ave, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1Z1, Canada.
EM Julien.Delarue@jasco.com
FU Shell Exploration and Production Company; ConocoPhillips Company;
Statoil USA EP; U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management
Service (MMS) [M07RG13267]; U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Pacific Research Board
[518, 719]
FX The Chukchi Sea data acquisition program was funded by Shell Exploration
and Production Company, ConocoPhillips Company, and Statoil USA E&P. The
2008 and 2009 Bering Sea data acquisition program was funded by the U.S.
Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), through
Interagency Agreement No. M07RG13267 with the U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as part of
the MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program. Thanks to K.M. Stafford
and D.K. Mellinger for use of their 2007 Bering Sea data set (funded by
North Pacific Research Board grants 518 and 719). The authors would like
to thank Christine Erbe, Manuel Castellote, and two anonymous reviewers
for helpful comments and reviews on earlier versions of this manuscript.
Xavier Mouy provided valuable help in preparing some figures. Del Leary
helped to perform the detection probability analysis. We are also
thankful for the assistance of the staff of JASCO Research and crews of
Norseman II and the Westward Wind in deploying and retrieving the
recording units in the Chukchi Sea, and we thank Phyllis Stabeno and her
staff at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA) for
deploying and retrieving the recorders on their moorings in the Bering
Sea. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine
Fisheries Service, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply
endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
NR 53
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 66
IS 2
BP 159
EP 172
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 173PS
UT WOS:000321092000004
ER
PT J
AU Trainer, VL
Moore, L
Bill, BD
Adams, NG
Harrington, N
Borchert, J
da Silva, DAM
Eberhart, BTL
AF Trainer, Vera L.
Moore, Leslie
Bill, Brian D.
Adams, Nicolaus G.
Harrington, Neil
Borchert, Jerry
da Silva, Denis A. M.
Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L.
TI Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins and Other Lipophilic Toxins of Human Health
Concern in Washington State
SO MARINE DRUGS
LA English
DT Article
DE diarrhetic shellfish toxins; diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; DSP;
Dinophysis; harmful algal bloom; SoundToxins; ORHAB
ID OKADAIC ACID; PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION; AZASPIRACIDS; DINOPHYCEAE;
MUSSELS; DINOFLAGELLATE; PECTENOTOXIN-2; TOXICOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; CANCER
AB The illness of three people in 2011 after their ingestion of mussels collected from Sequim Bay State Park, Washington State, USA, demonstrated the need to monitor diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in Washington State for the protection of human health. Following these cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, monitoring for DSTs in Washington State became formalized in 2012, guided by routine monitoring of Dinophysis species by the SoundToxins program in Puget Sound and the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership on the outer Washington State coast. Here we show that the DSTs at concentrations above the guidance level of 16 mu g okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxins (DTXs)/100 g shellfish tissue were widespread in sentinel mussels throughout Puget Sound in summer 2012 and included harvest closures of California mussel, varnish clam, manila clam and Pacific oyster. Concentrations of toxins in Pacific oyster and manila clam were often at least half those measured in blue mussels at the same site. The primary toxin isomer in shellfish and plankton samples was dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) with D. acuminata as the primary Dinophysis species. Other lipophilic toxins in shellfish were pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxin (YTX) with azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) also measured in phytoplankton samples. Okadaic acid, azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) and azaspiracid-3 (AZA-3) were all below the levels of detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A shellfish closure at Ruby Beach, Washington, was the first ever noted on the Washington State Pacific coast due to DSTs. The greater than average Fraser River flow during the summers of 2011 and 2012 may have provided an environment conducive to dinoflagellates and played a role in the prevalence of toxigenic Dinophysis in Puget Sound.
C1 [Trainer, Vera L.; Moore, Leslie; Bill, Brian D.; Adams, Nicolaus G.; da Silva, Denis A. M.; Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Harrington, Neil] Jamestown SKlallam Tribe, Sequim, WA 98392 USA.
[Borchert, Jerry] Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Shellfish & Water Protect, Tumwater, WA 98504 USA.
RP Trainer, VL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov; leslie.moore@noaa.gov; brian.d.bill@noaa.gov;
nicolaus.adams@noaa.gov; nharrington@jamestowntribe.org;
jerry.borchert@doh.wa.gov; denis.dasilva@noaa.gov;
bich-thuy.le.eberhart@noaa.gov
FU Hershman Fellowship at the WDOH; United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) through their National Estuary Program [PC-00J32601]; WDOH;
NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Sciences' Event Response
program (NOAA ER)
FX We thank all SoundToxins and ORHAB partners for their dedication to
weekly sampling of coastal and Puget Sound waters; in particular, the
Port Townsend Marine Science Center for their sampling of Discovery Bay,
Karlista Rickerson for her sampling in Quartermaster Harbor and Lohna
O'Rourke at the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe for Sequim Bay samples. We
acknowledge the support of Harold Ruark and Blaine Rhodes at the WDOH
Public Health Laboratory, and Clara Hard for her sampling efforts
supported by a Hershman Fellowship at the WDOH. We thank the NOAA
student interns Megan Stephens, Sonia Brugger and June Songtantaruk for
their help in the laboratory. We thank Mike Twiner for his assistance
with this manuscript. We acknowledge the detailed and insightful
suggestions made by three anonymous reviewers. This study was funded in
part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through
their National Estuary Program, via a contract (#PC-00J32601), with the
WDOH serving as the lead organization for "Pathogens prevention,
reduction, and control" projects. Partial funding was also provided by
NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Sciences' Event Response
program (NOAA ER). This is NOAA ER publication #13.
NR 61
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 64
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1660-3397
J9 MAR DRUGS
JI Mar. Drugs
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1815
EP 1835
DI 10.3390/md11061815
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Medicinal
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 169HZ
UT WOS:000320772100004
PM 23760013
ER
PT J
AU Newman, M
AF Newman, Matthew
TI ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Winds of change
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Newman, Matthew] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Newman, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, 325 Broadway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM matt.newman@noaa.gov
RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010
OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 6
BP 538
EP 539
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 174OX
UT WOS:000321166400009
ER
PT J
AU Dunne, JP
Stouffer, RJ
John, JG
AF Dunne, John P.
Stouffer, Ronald J.
John, Jasmin G.
TI Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; PART I; TEMPERATURE; FORMULATION; MODELS
AB A fundamental aspect of greenhouse-gas-induced warming is a global-scale increase in absolute humidity(1,2). Under continued warming, this response has been shown to pose increasingly severe limitations on human activity in tropical and mid-latitudes during peak months of heat stress(3). One heat-stress metric with broad occupational health applications(4-6) is wet-bulb globe temperature. We combine wet-bulb globe temperatures from global climate historical reanalysis(7) and Earth System Model (ESM2M) projections(8-10) with industrial(4) and military(5) guidelines for an acclimated individual's occupational capacity to safely perform sustained labour under environmental heat stress (labour capacity) here defined as a global population-weighted metric temporally fixed at the 2010 distribution. We estimate that environmental heat stress has reduced labour capacity to 90% in peak months over the past few decades. ESM2M projects labour capacity reduction to 80% in peak months by 2050. Under the highest scenario considered (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5), ESM2M projects labour capacity reduction to less than 40% by 2200 in peak months, with most tropical and mid-latitudes experiencing extreme climatological heat stress. Uncertainties and caveats associated with these projections include climate sensitivity, climate warming patterns, CO2 emissions, future population distributions, and technological and societal change.
C1 [Dunne, John P.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; John, Jasmin G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Dunne, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM john.dunne@noaa.gov
RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012
OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X
NR 36
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 7
U2 46
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 6
BP 563
EP 566
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1827
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 174OX
UT WOS:000321166400015
ER
PT J
AU L'Heureux, ML
Lee, S
Lyon, B
AF L'Heureux, Michelle L.
Lee, Sukyoung
Lyon, Bradfield
TI Recent multidecadal strengthening of the Walker circulation across the
tropical Pacific
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN;
CYCLE
AB The Pacific Walker circulation is a large overturning cell that spans the tropical Pacific Ocean, characterized by rising motion (lower sea-level pressure) over Indonesia and sinking motion (higher sea level-pressure) over the eastern Pacific(1,2). Fluctuations in the Walker circulation reflect changes in the location and strength of tropical heating, so related circulation anomalies have global impacts(3,4). On interannual timescales, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation accounts for much of the variability in the Walker circulation, but there is considerable interest in longer-term trends and their drivers, including anthropogenic climate change(5-12). Here, we examine sea-level pressure trends in ten different data sets drawn from reanalysis, reconstructions and in situ measurements for 1900-2011. We show that periods. with fewer in situ measurements result in lower signal-to-noise ratios, making assessments of sea-level pressure trends largely unsuitable before about the 1950s. Multidecadal trends evaluated since 1950 reveal statistically significant, negative values over the Indonesian region, with weaker, positive trends over the eastern Pacific. The overall trend towards a stronger, La Nina-like Walker circulation is nearly concurrent with the observed increase in global average temperatures, thereby justifying closer scrutiny of how the Pacific climate system has changed in the historical record.
C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle L.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Lee, Sukyoung] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Lyon, Bradfield] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
RP L'Heureux, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3115, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov
NR 31
TC 69
Z9 71
U1 2
U2 28
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 6
BP 571
EP 576
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1840
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 174OX
UT WOS:000321166400017
ER
PT J
AU Liu, DB
Huang, XL
Wang, ZT
Jin, A
Sun, XL
Zhu, L
Wang, F
Ma, Y
Niu, G
Walker, ARH
Chen, XY
AF Liu, Dingbin
Huang, Xinglu
Wang, Zhantong
Jin, Albert
Sun, Xiaolian
Zhu, Lei
Wang, Fu
Ma, Ying
Niu, Gang
Walker, Angela R. Hight
Chen, Xiaoyuan
TI Gold Nanoparticle-Based Activatable Probe for Sensing Ultra low Levels
of Prostate-Specific Antigen
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE fluorescence-activatable probe; gold nanoparticle; prostate-specific
antigen (PSA); rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC)
ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; ASSAY;
CANCER; SENSITIVITY; BIOMARKERS; SERUM; FLUORESCENCE; BIOMOLECULES
AB It Is still in high demand to develop extremely sensitive and accurate clinical tools for biomarkers of interest for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. In this report, we present a highly sensitive and compatible gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based fluorescence-activatable probe for sensing ultralow levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patient serum samples. The limit of detection of the newly developed probe for PSA was pushed down to 0.032 pg/mL, which is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional fluorescence probe. The ultrahigh sensitivity of this probe was attributed to the high loading efficiency of the dyes on AuNP surfaces and high fluorescence quenching-unquenching abilities of the dye-AuNP pairs. The efficiency and robustness of this probe were investigated In patient serum samples, demonstrating the great potential of this probe in real-world applications.
C1 [Liu, Dingbin; Huang, Xinglu; Sun, Xiaolian; Zhu, Lei; Wang, Fu; Ma, Ying; Niu, Gang] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Lab Mol Imaging & Nanomed, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Wang, Zhantong; Zhu, Lei; Chen, Xiaoyuan] Xiamen Univ, Ctr Mol Imaging & Translat Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
[Jin, Albert] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, Bethesda, MD 20982 USA.
[Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen, XY (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Ctr Mol Imaging & Translat Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
EM shawn.chen@nih.gov
RI Zhu, Lei/P-9786-2016; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009;
OI Zhu, Lei/0000-0002-1820-4795; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672;
Jin, Albert/0000-0003-3826-1081; Wang, Fu/0000-0001-9222-0833
FU Intramural Research Program (IRP) of the National Institute of
Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of
Health (NIH); NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC
FX This work was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program
(IRP) of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
(NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), D.L was supported by a
postdoctoral fellowship from NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC.
NR 32
TC 58
Z9 60
U1 13
U2 169
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 7
IS 6
BP 5568
EP 5576
DI 10.1021/nn401837q
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 173QK
UT WOS:000321093800096
PM 23683064
ER
PT J
AU Pereira, TMD
Asplund, M
Collet, R
Thaler, I
Trampedach, R
Leenaarts, J
AF Pereira, T. M. D.
Asplund, M.
Collet, R.
Thaler, I.
Trampedach, R.
Leenaarts, J.
TI How realistic are solar model atmospheres?
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sun: photosphere; line: formation; stars: atmospheres; Sun: abundances;
Sun: granulation
ID LATE-TYPE STARS; COOL DWARF STARS; LINE-BLANKETED MODEL; TO-LIMB
VARIATION; BALMER LINES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM;
PHOTOSPHERIC ABUNDANCE; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS
AB Context. Recently, new solar model atmospheres have been developed to replace classical 1D local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) hydrostatic models and used to for example derive the solar chemical composition.
Aims. We aim to test various models against key observational constraints. In particular, a 3D model used to derive the solar abundances, a 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) model (with an imposed 10 mT vertical magnetic field), 1D NLTE and LTE models from the PHOENIX project, the 1D MARCS model, and the 1D semi-empirical model of Holweger & Muller.
Methods. We confronted the models with observational diagnostics of the temperature profile: continuum centre-to-limb variations (CLVs), absolute continuum fluxes, and the wings of hydrogen lines. We also tested the 3D models for the intensity distribution of the granulation and spectral line shapes.
Results. The predictions from the 3D model are in excellent agreement with the continuum CLV observations, performing even better than the Holweger & Muller model (constructed largely to fulfil such observations). The predictions of the 1D theoretical models are worse, given their steeper temperature gradients. For the continuum fluxes, predictions for most models agree well with the observations. No model fits all hydrogen lines perfectly, but again the 3D model comes ahead. The 3D model also reproduces the observed continuum intensity fluctuations and spectral line shapes very well.
Conclusions. The excellent agreement of the 3D model with the observables reinforces the view that its temperature structure is realistic. It outperforms the MHD simulation in all diagnostics, implying that recent claims for revised abundances based on MHD modelling are premature. Several weaknesses in the 1D hydrostatic models (theoretical and semi-empirical) are exposed. The differences between the PHOENIX LTE and NLTE models are small. We conclude that the 3D hydrodynamical model is superior to any of the tested 1D models, which gives further confidence in the solar abundance analyses based on it.
C1 [Pereira, T. M. D.; Asplund, M.; Collet, R.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
[Pereira, T. M. D.; Leenaarts, J.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Blindern, Norway.
[Asplund, M.; Collet, R.; Thaler, I.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
[Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Trampedach, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Pereira, TMD (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
EM tiago.pereira@astro.uio.no
RI Pereira, Tiago/G-4079-2014;
OI Pereira, Tiago/0000-0003-4747-4329; Leenaarts,
Jorrit/0000-0003-4936-4211
FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/21888/2005]; Australian
Research Council [DP0558836]
FX We would like to thank Andreas Schweitzer and Peter Hauschildt for
kindly providing us with the PHOENIX models, Paul Barklem for the use of
his hydrogen collisional data and opacity routines and Sven
Wedemeyer-Bohm for his observed and synthetic intensity distributions.
T.M.D.P. acknowledges financial support from Fundacao para a Ciencia e
Tecnologia (reference number SFRH/BD/21888/2005). This research has been
partly funded by a grant from the Australian Research Council
(DP0558836).
NR 76
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 4
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 554
AR A118
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321227
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 164XA
UT WOS:000320444200117
ER
PT J
AU Huggett, JF
Foy, CA
Benes, V
Emslie, K
Garson, JA
Haynes, R
Hellemans, J
Kubista, M
Nolan, RDMT
Pfaffl, MW
Pfaffl, MW
Shipley, GL
Vandesompele, J
Wittwer, CT
Bustin, SA
AF Huggett, Jim F.
Foy, Carole A.
Benes, Vladimir
Emslie, Kerry
Garson, Jeremy A.
Haynes, Ross
Hellemans, Jan
Kubista, Mikael
Mueller, Reinhold D.
Nolan, Tania
Pfaffl, Michael W.
Shipley, Gregory L.
Vandesompele, Jo
Wittwer, Carl T.
Bustin, Stephen A.
TI The Digital MIQE Guidelines: Minimum Information for Publication of
Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; RT-PCR;
ABSOLUTE QUANTITATION; DNA; QUANTIFICATION; DESIGN; PLATFORM; SYSTEM
AB There is growing interest in digital PCR (dPCR) because technological progress makes it a practical and increasingly affordable technology. dPCR allows the precise quantification of nucleic acids, facilitating the measurement of small percentage differences and quantification of rare variants. dPCR may also be more reproducible and less susceptible to inhibition than quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Consequently, dPCR has the potential to have a substantial impact on research as well as diagnostic applications. However, as with qPCR, the ability to perform robust meaningful experiments requires careful design and adequate controls. To assist independent evaluation of experimental data, comprehensive disclosure of all relevant experimental details is required. To facilitate this process we present the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments guidelines. This report addresses known requirements for dPCR that have already been identified during this early stage of its development and commercial implementation. Adoption of these guidelines by the scientific community will help to standardize experimental protocols, maximize efficient utilization of resources, and enhance the impact of this promising new technology. (c) 2013 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
C1 [Huggett, Jim F.; Foy, Carole A.] LGC, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England.
[Benes, Vladimir] EMBL Heidelberg, Genom Core Facil, Heidelberg, Germany.
[Emslie, Kerry] Natl Measurement Inst, Lindfield, NSW, Australia.
[Garson, Jeremy A.] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, Res Dept Infect, London, England.
[Haynes, Ross] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hellemans, Jan; Vandesompele, Jo] Ghent Univ Hosp, CMGG, Ghent, Belgium.
[Kubista, Mikael] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Biotechnol, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Mueller, Reinhold D.] Sequenom Ctr Mol Med, San Diego, CA USA.
[Nolan, Tania] Sigma Custom Prod, Haverhill, Suffolk, England.
[Pfaffl, Michael W.] Ctr Life & Food Sci, Weihenstephan, Germany.
[Shipley, Gregory L.] Shipley Consulting LLC, Houston, TX USA.
[Wittwer, Carl T.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Huggett, JF (reprint author), LGC, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England.
EM jim.huggett@lgc.co.uk
RI Bustin, Stephen/H-3086-2013; Kubista, Mikael/A-5689-2008;
OI Bustin, Stephen/0000-0003-1870-6098; Kubista,
Mikael/0000-0002-2940-352X; Benes, Vladimir/0000-0002-0352-2547;
Huggett, Jim/0000-0002-0945-1911; Vandesompele, Jo/0000-0001-6274-0184
FU UK National Measurement System; BioFire Diagnostics; [AV0Z50520701];
[GACR GA P303/10/1338]
FX J.F. Huggett, UK National Measurement System; C.A. Foy, UK National
Measurement System; M. Kubista, research project AV0Z50520701 and GACR
GA P303/10/1338; C.T. Wittwer, BioFire Diagnostics.
NR 47
TC 143
Z9 148
U1 18
U2 149
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 59
IS 6
BP 892
EP 902
DI 10.1373/clinchem.2013.206375
PG 11
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 179VC
UT WOS:000321548500008
PM 23570709
ER
PT J
AU Kiesler, KM
Vallone, PM
AF Kiesler, Kevin M.
Vallone, Peter M.
TI Allele frequencies for 40 autosomal SNP loci typed for US population
samples using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
SO CROATIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN IDENTIFICATION; DNA; MULTIPLEX
AB Aim To type a set of 194 US African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic samples (self-declared ancestry) for 40 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers intended for human identification purposes.
Methods Genotyping was performed on an automated commercial electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the FLEX-ID. The 40 SNP markers were amplified in eight unique 5plex PCRs, desalted, and resolved based on amplicon mass. For each of the three US sample groups statistical analyses were performed on the resulting genotypes.
Results The assay was found to be robust and capable of genotyping the 40 SNP markers consuming approximately 4 nanograms of template per sample. The combined random match probabilities for the 40 SNP assay ranged from 10(-16) to 10(-21).
Conclusion The multiplex PLEX-ID SNP-40 assay is the first fully automated genotyping method capable of typing a panel of 40 forensically relevant autosomal SNP markers on a mass spectrometry platform. The data produced provided the first allele frequencies estimates for these 40 SNPs in a National Institute of Standards and Technology US population sample set. No population bias was detected although one locus deviated from its expected level of heterozygosity.
C1 [Kiesler, Kevin M.; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Vallone, PM (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM peter.vallone@nist.gov
FU FBI Biometrics Center of Excellence
FX Provided by the FBI Biometrics Center of Excellence. Project title: DNA
as a Biometric Tool.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU MEDICINSKA NAKLADA
PI ZAGREB
PA VLASKA 69, HR-10000 ZAGREB, CROATIA
SN 0353-9504
J9 CROAT MED J
JI Croat. Med. J.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 54
IS 3
BP 225
EP 231
DI 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.225
PG 7
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 177YG
UT WOS:000321410700003
PM 23771752
ER
PT J
AU Hensley, JE
Lovestead, TM
Christensen, E
Dutta, A
Bruno, TJ
McCormick, R
AF Hensley, Jesse E.
Lovestead, Tara M.
Christensen, Earl
Dutta, Abhijit
Bruno, Thomas J.
McCormick, Robert
TI Compositional Analysis and Advanced Distillation Curve for Mixed
Alcohols Produced via Syngas on a K-CoMoSx Catalyst
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID FUEL OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; SURROGATE
MIXTURE-MODELS; BIOMASS-DERIVED SYNGAS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
DIESEL FUEL; BIODIESEL FUEL; JET-A; AVIATION; IMPROVEMENTS
AB The distillation behavior of mixed alcohols was studied by use of the Advanced Distillation Curve (ADC) methodology. Crude mixed alcohols (oxygenates) were generated from syngas over a potassium-promoted cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide catalyst and assayed for major and minor products. Distillation (boiling) curves were generated for the crude mixed oxygenate products and composition channel data were collected. The crude mixed alcohols consisted primarily of methanol with significant quantities of ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate. These six species constitute 93.7%-95.8% (mass/mass) of the total product. Ester, ether, and aldehyde impurities were identified, as well as thiols and organic sulfides. Considering just the alcohol products without impurities, these can be blended into gasoline at 8.5% (v/v) and meet the requirements of the Octamix waiver if an appropriate corrosion inhibitor were also included (the blend would contain 3.0%-3.4% methanol, >2.5% higher alcohols (v/v), and a total oxygen content of 3.7% (mass/mass)). Distillation targeted at 50% methanol removal increased the volume of product that could be blended to over 9% (v/v). Methanol, aldehydes, and dimethyl sulfide were the first to vaporize from the mixture, and all C4+ alcohols remained within the last 20% of the distilled volume. Other products, including ethanol, propanols, esters, and organic sulfur species distilled over a range of boiling temperatures. ADCs suggest the presence of one or more azeotropes in the distillate, consistent with a large number of known binary azeotropes between components found in the mixed oxygenate product. Enthalpies of combustion were calculated for multiple distilled fractions and ranged from 890 kJ mol(-1) in the first drop of distillate to 1150 kJ mol(-1) in the first drop collected after distilling 80% of the original liquid volume. This energy density is low, compared to 91-octane gasoline at 3700 and 4940 kJ mol(-1) in the first drop and at 80%, respectively. Comparisons of fractional distillation of the mixed oxygenate products showed directional agreement between experiment and simulation with Aspen Plus. This study provides useful insights into mixed oxygenate products derived from a sulfided catalyst, including considerations for process recycle, product constituents and their blending, and the applicability of distillation information from process simulators.
C1 [Hensley, Jesse E.; Christensen, Earl; Dutta, Abhijit; McCormick, Robert] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hensley, JE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM Jesse.Hensley@nrel.gov
RI McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011; Zhang, Baoquan/E-2287-2014
FU DOE Office of Biomass Programs [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]
FX This work was supported through the DOE Office of Biomass Programs
(under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308). We also thank Jason Thibodeaux
(NREL) for assistance in collecting crude alcohol samples and Purmet
Development, LLC for assistance in catalyst synthesis.
NR 80
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 35
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
EI 1520-5029
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 27
IS 6
BP 3246
EP 3260
DI 10.1021/ef400252x
PG 15
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 171FT
UT WOS:000320911200041
ER
PT J
AU Gambacorta, A
Barnet, CD
AF Gambacorta, Antonia
Barnet, Christopher D.
TI Methodology and Information Content of the NOAA NESDIS Operational
Channel Selection for the Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Information content; spectral channel selection; variance explained
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; AIRS; IASI
AB The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) was launched on October 28, 2011 aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership platform and is scheduled to become operational in 2012. The purpose of this paper is to describe the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite and Information Service (NOAA/NESDIS) channel selection methodology applied to the CrIS instrument and to present the main spectral characteristics of the final channel subset that will be operationally distributed to the scientific community for near-real-time data assimilation and retrieval applications. We perform an information content analysis and show that this selection, composed of 399 channels, is capable of fully representing the total atmospheric variability contained in the original 1305-channel spectrum, up to instrumental noise. These results ensure that the replacement of the full 1305-channel list in favor of the proposed 399-channel selection will have no detrimental effects on data assimilation and retrieval performance.
C1 [Gambacorta, Antonia] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Gambacorta, A (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM antonia.gambacorta@noaa.gov; chris.barnet@noaa.gov
RI Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011
OI Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132
NR 22
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 6
BP 3207
EP 3216
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2220369
PN 1
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 171PE
UT WOS:000320940600001
ER
PT J
AU Assael, MJ
Sykioti, EA
Huber, ML
Perkins, RA
AF Assael, M. J.
Sykioti, E. A.
Huber, M. L.
Perkins, R. A.
TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Ethanol from the
Triple Point to 600 K and up to 245 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE critical phenomena; ethanol; thermal conductivity; transport properties
ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; BINARY-MIXTURES; CRITICAL REGION; LIQUIDS; ALCOHOLS;
FLUIDS; DIFFUSIVITY
AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of ethanol. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 600 K and pressures up to 245 MPa. The overall uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) of the proposed correlation is estimated to be less than 4.6%. (C) 2013 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.
C1 [Assael, M. J.; Sykioti, E. A.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
[Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
EM assael@auth.gr
RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012;
OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742
FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of
the International Association for Transport Properties (IATP). The
authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
NR 75
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 42
IS 2
AR UNSP 023102
DI 10.1063/1.4797368
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 174JE
UT WOS:000321150700002
ER
PT J
AU Assael, MJ
Bogdanou, I
Mylona, SK
Huber, ML
Perkins, RA
Vesovic, V
AF Assael, M. J.
Bogdanou, I.
Mylona, S. K.
Huber, M. L.
Perkins, R. A.
Vesovic, V.
TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of n-Heptane from the
Triple Point to 600 K and up to 250 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE critical phenomena; n-heptane; thermal conductivity; transport
properties
ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; BINARY-MIXTURES; CRITICAL REGION; HEAT-CAPACITY;
NORMAL-HEXANE; LIQUIDS; HYDROCARBONS
AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of n-heptane. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 600 K and pressures up to 250 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 250 MPa and temperatures less than 600 K, to be less than 4%. (C) 2013 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.
C1 [Assael, M. J.; Bogdanou, I.; Mylona, S. K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
[Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Vesovic, V.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
EM assael@auth.gr
OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742
FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of
the International Association for Transport Properties (IATP). The
authors gratefully acknowledge the partial financial support of the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
NR 72
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 42
IS 2
AR UNSP 023101
DI 10.1063/1.4794091
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 174JE
UT WOS:000321150700001
ER
PT J
AU Kirkpatrick, R
Osborn, WA
Gaither, MS
Gates, RS
DelRio, FW
Cook, RF
AF Kirkpatrick, Rebecca
Osborn, William A.
Gaither, Michael S.
Gates, Richard S.
DelRio, Frank W.
Cook, Robert F.
TI On the bending strength of single-crystal silicon theta-like specimens
SO MRS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID MEASURING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SMALL-SCALE; FRACTURE
AB A new theta geometry was developed for microscale bending strength measurements. This new "gap" theta specimen was a modification of the arch theta specimen that enabled microscale tensile testing. The gap theta specimen was demonstrated here on single-crystal silicon, microfabricated using two different etch processes. The resulting sample strengths were described by three-parameter Weibull distributions derived from parameters determined using established arch theta strengths, assuming a specimen-geometry and -size invariant flaw distribution and an approximate loading configuration.
C1 [Kirkpatrick, Rebecca; Osborn, William A.; Gaither, Michael S.; Gates, Richard S.; DelRio, Frank W.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM robert.cook@nist.gov
RI Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 2159-6859
J9 MRS COMMUN
JI MRS Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 2
BP 113
EP 117
DI 10.1557/mrc.2013.18
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 180ID
UT WOS:000321586500006
ER
PT J
AU Xiong, W
Hickstein, DD
Schnitzenbaumer, KJ
Ellis, JL
Palm, BB
Keister, KE
Ding, CY
Miaja-Avila, L
Dukovic, G
Jimenez, JL
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
AF Xiong, Wei
Hickstein, Daniel D.
Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.
Ellis, Jennifer L.
Palm, Brett B.
Keister, K. Ellen
Ding, Chengyuan
Miaja-Avila, Luis
Dukovic, Gordana
Jimenez, Jose L.
Murnane, Margaret M.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
TI Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CdSe Nanocrystals in the Gas Phase: A
Direct Measure of the Evanescent Electron Wave Function of Quantum Dots
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Quantum dots; ultrafast; electronic structure; aerodynamic lens; gas
phase photoelectron spectroscopy; velocity map imaging
ID CHARGE SEPARATION; SOLAR-CELLS; DYNAMICS; PHOTOEMISSION; RELAXATION;
STATES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MULTIPLICATION; NANOPARTICLES; GENERATION
AB We present the first photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of quantum dots (semiconductor nanocrystals) in the gas phase. By coupling a nanoparticle aerosol source to a femtosecond velocity map imaging photoelectron spectrometer, we apply robust gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy techniques to colloidal quantum dots, which typically must be studied in a liquid solvent or while bound to a surface. Working with a flowing aerosol of quantum dots offers the additional advantages of providing fresh nanoparticles for each laser shot and removing perturbations from bonding with a surface or interactions with the solvent. In this work, we perform a two-photon photoionization experiment to show that the photoelectron yield per exciton depends on the physical size of the quantum dot, increasing for smaller dots. Next, using effective mass modeling we show that the extent to which the electron wave function of the exciton extends from the quantum dot, the so-called "evanescent electron wavefunction", increases as the size of the quantum dot decreases. We show that the photoelectron yield is dominated by the evanescent electron density due to quantum confinement effects, the difference in the density of states inside and outside of the quantum dots, and the angle-dependent transmission probability of electrons through the surface of the quantum dot. Therefore, the photoelectron yield directly reflects the fraction of evanescent electron wave function that extends outside of the quantum dot. This work shows that gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy is a robust and general probe of the electronic structure of quantum dots, enabling the first direct measurements of the evanescent exciton wave function.
C1 [Xiong, Wei; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Keister, K. Ellen; Ding, Chengyuan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Xiong, Wei; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Keister, K. Ellen; Ding, Chengyuan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Xiong, Wei; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Keister, K. Ellen; Ding, Chengyuan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.; Palm, Brett B.; Dukovic, Gordana; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Miaja-Avila, Luis] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Xiong, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Wei.Xiong@jila.colorado.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program); Air Force Office of
Scientific Research under AFOSR award [FA9550-12-1-0137]; DOE
[DE-SC0006035]
FX The authors acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Basic Energy
Sciences (AMOS program) and used facilities provided by the NSF Center
for EUV Science and Technology. K.J.S. and G.D. acknowledge support from
the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR award no.
FA9550-12-1-0137. B.B.P. and J.L.J. thank DOE DE-SC0006035 for support.
The authors appreciate insightful discussions with Professor M.
Aeschlimann, Dr. S. Mathias, Dr. D. B. Strafeld, Dr. P. Matyba, A. V.
Carr, C. Chen, Professor D. M. Jonas, Dr. W. K. Peters, and Dr. E.
Muller. The authors thank T. Fan for assistance with laser alignment.
The authors also thank D. Alchenberger for his help with the UV-vis
spectroscopy and ellipsometry measurements and Brad Baxley for the
illustration of Figure 1 and the TOC graphic.
NR 58
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 7
U2 72
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 13
IS 6
BP 2924
EP 2930
DI 10.1021/nl401309z
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 165LJ
UT WOS:000320485100099
PM 23688290
ER
PT J
AU Miller, ML
Lakshmanan, V
Smith, TM
AF Miller, Madison L.
Lakshmanan, Valliappa
Smith, Travis M.
TI An Automated Method for Depicting Mesocyclone Paths and Intensities
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Algorithms; Data processing; Data quality control; Quality assurance;
control; Radars; Radar observations
ID TORNADO DETECTION; DOPPLER RADAR; DETECTION ALGORITHM; QUALITY-CONTROL;
WSR-88D; REFLECTIVITY; RESOLUTION; FORECAST; VELOCITY; IDENTIFICATION
AB The location and intensity of mesocyclone circulations can be tracked in real time by accumulating azimuthal shear values over time at every location of a uniform spatial grid. Azimuthal shear at low (0-3 km AGL) and midlevels (3-6 km AGL) of the atmosphere is computed in a noise-tolerant manner by fitting the Doppler velocity observations in the neighborhood of a pulse volume to a plane and finding the slope of that plane. Rotation tracks created in this manner are contaminated by nonmeteorological signatures caused by poor velocity dealiasing, ground clutter, radar test patterns, and spurious shear values. To improve the quality of these fields for real-time use and for an accumulated multiyear climatology, new dealiasing strategies, data thresholding, and multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) techniques have been implemented. These techniques remove nearly all nonmeteorological contaminants, resulting in much clearer rotation tracks that appear to match mesocyclone paths and intensities closely.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Miller, ML (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM madison.burnett@noaa.gov
FU NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]
FX Funding for the authors was provided under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227. The authors thank Kiel Ortega, Kevin Manross, John Cintineo,
and Jennifer Newman for all their help and advice. The authors also
thank Gabe Garfield, Kiel Ortega, and Brandon Smith for allowing us to
use their damage survey data for the 24 May 2011 tornadoes.
NR 40
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U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 570
EP 585
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00065.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900003
ER
PT J
AU DeMaria, M
Knaff, JA
Brennan, MJ
Brown, D
Knabb, RD
DeMaria, RT
Schumacher, A
Lauer, CA
Roberts, DP
Sampson, CR
Santos, P
Sharp, D
Winters, KA
AF DeMaria, Mark
Knaff, John A.
Brennan, Michael J.
Brown, Daniel
Knabb, Richard D.
DeMaria, Robert T.
Schumacher, Andrea
Lauer, Christopher A.
Roberts, David P.
Sampson, Charles R.
Santos, Pablo
Sharp, David
Winters, Katherine A.
TI Improvements to the Operational Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Probability
Model
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Tropical cyclones; Wind; Statistical techniques; Operational
forecasting; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Emergency
preparedness
ID PREDICTION
AB The National Hurricane Center Hurricane Probability Program, which estimated the probability of a tropical cyclone passing within a specific distance of a selected set of coastal stations, was replaced by the more general Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Speed Probabilities in 2006. A Monte Carlo (MC) method is used to estimate the probabilities of 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s(-1)) winds at multiple time periods through 120 h. Versions of the MC model are available for the Atlantic, the combined eastern and central North Pacific, and the western North Pacific. This paper presents a verification of the operational runs of the MC model for the period 2008-11 and describes model improvements since 2007. The most significant change occurred in 2010 with the inclusion of a method to take into account the uncertainty of the track forecasts on a case-by-case basis, which is estimated from the spread of a dynamical model ensemble and other parameters. The previous version represented the track uncertainty from the error distributions from the previous 5 yr of forecasts from the operational centers, with no case-to-case variability. Results show the MC model provides robust estimates of the wind speed probabilities using a number of standard verification metrics, and that the inclusion of the case-by-case measure of track uncertainty improved the probability estimates. Beginning in 2008, an older operational wind speed probability table product was modified to include information from the MC model. This development and a verification of the new version of the table are described.
C1 [DeMaria, Mark; Knaff, John A.] NOAA NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Brennan, Michael J.; Brown, Daniel; Knabb, Richard D.; Roberts, David P.] NOAA NWS NCEP NHC, Miami, FL USA.
[DeMaria, Robert T.; Schumacher, Andrea] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Lauer, Christopher A.] NOAA NWS NCEP SWPC, Boulder, CO USA.
[Roberts, David P.] Fleet Weather Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA.
[Sampson, Charles R.] NRL, Monterey, CA USA.
[Santos, Pablo] NWS, Miami, FL USA.
[Sharp, David] NWS, Melbourne, FL USA.
RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, CIRA CSU, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM mark.demaria@noaa.gov
RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010
OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409;
FU NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project
under NOAA [NA17RJ1228, NA09AANWG0149]
FX This project is supported by the NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed and the
Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project under NOAA Grants NA17RJ1228 and
NA09AANWG0149. Valuable comments were received from the three anonymous
reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report
are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government
position, policy, or decision.
NR 11
TC 10
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U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 586
EP 602
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00116.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900004
ER
PT J
AU Schultz, DM
Sienkiewicz, JM
AF Schultz, David M.
Sienkiewicz, Joseph M.
TI Using Frontogenesis to Identify Sting Jets in Extratropical Cyclones
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Extratropical cyclones; Frontogenesis; frontolysis; Fronts; Mesoscale
processes; Mesoscale forecasting
ID CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; NORTHEAST US CYCLONES; CONTINENTAL
WINTER CYCLONE; PREDECESSOR RAIN EVENTS; STRONG WIND EVENTS; MIDLATITUDE
CYCLONES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MARINE CYCLONE; LIFE-CYCLE; PART I
AB Sting jets, or surface wind maxima at the end of bent-back fronts in Shapiro-Keyser cyclones, are one cause of strong winds in extratropical cyclones. Although previous studies identified the release of conditional symmetric instability as a cause of sting jets, the mechanism to initiate its release remains unidentified. To identify this mechanism, a case study was selected of an intense cyclone over the North Atlantic Ocean during 7-8 December 2005 that possessed a sting jet detected from the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT). A couplet of Petterssen frontogenesis and frontolysis occurred along the bent-back front. The direct circulation associated with the frontogenesis led to ascent within the cyclonically turning portion of the warm conveyor belt, contributing to the comma-cloud head. When the bent-back front became frontolytic, an indirect circulation associated with the frontolysis, in conjunction with alongfront cold advection, led to descent within and on the warm side of the front, bringing higher-momentum air down toward the boundary layer. Sensible heat fluxes from the ocean surface and cold-air advection destabilized the boundary layer, resulting in near-neutral static stability facilitating downward mixing. Thus, descent associated with the frontolysis reaching a near-neutral boundary layer provides a physical mechanism for sting jets, is consistent with previous studies, and synthesizes existing knowledge. Specifically, this couplet of frontogenesis and frontolysis could explain why sting jets occur at the end of the bent-back front and emerge from the cloud head, why sting jets are mesoscale phenomena, and why they only occur within Shapiro-Keyser cyclones. A larger dataset of cases is necessary to test this hypothesis.
C1 [Schultz, David M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Sienkiewicz, Joseph M.] NOAA NWS NCEP Ocean Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Simon Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
EM david.schultz@manchester.ac.uk
RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010
OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975
FU U.K. Natural Environment Research Council [NE/1005234/1]
FX We thank Jim Steenburgh, Geraint Vaughan, Peter Banacos, two anonymous
reviewers, and Editor Paul Markowski for their comments on a draft of
this manuscript. We especially thank Peter Banacos for suggesting the
link between the strong surface winds and the static stability. We also
thank Timothy Slater, Sue Gray, David Smart, Keith Browning, Tim Baker,
and Peter Knippertz for their discussions. Shea Winterberger performed
the simulation, and Deyan Dragov drafted Fig. 6. Partial funding was
provided by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council to the
Diabatic Influences on Mesoscale Structures in Extratropical Storms
(DIAMET) project at the University of Manchester (Grant NE/1005234/1).
NR 85
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 603
EP 613
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00126.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900005
ER
PT J
AU Demuth, JL
Morss, RE
Lazo, JK
Hilderbrand, DC
AF Demuth, Julie L.
Morss, Rebecca E.
Lazo, Jeffrey K.
Hilderbrand, Douglas C.
TI Improving Effectiveness of Weather Risk Communication on the NWS
Point-and-Click Web Page
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Operational forecasting; Communications; decision making; Risk
assessment; Societal impacts
ID INFORMATION; MODEL
AB The National Weather Service's (NWS) point-and-click (PnC) web page is a primary channel through which NWS directly provides routine and hazardous weather information to its users. The research presented here aims to improve risk communication of hazardous weather information on the PnC web page. The focus is on improving communication of threat existence and threat timing because this important information influences how individuals perceive and respond to a weather risk. Experimental presentations of PnC forecast information were designed for two weather scenarios: a severe thunderstorm warning and a flood watch. The experimental presentations were created by adding new textual and graphical pieces of information that were intended to better convey threat existence and timing, and they were evaluated through two rounds of nationwide surveys of PnC web page users. The survey results show that the default presentation of forecast information on the PnC web page was the least effective at conveying hazardous weather threat existence and timing. Adding start-time text and end-time text, when these information pieces were coupled, helped respondents understand the precise time that weather threats were in effect for the rapid-onset, short-duration severe thunderstorm warning and for the delayed-start, longer-duration flood watch. Adding a box graphic placed around the forecast icons further enhanced communication effectiveness by drawing respondents' attention to the weather threat. Other experimental forecast presentations were designed but were less effective at communicating hazardous weather threat existence and timing, illustrating the importance of empirically evaluating weather risk communication prior to providing it operationally.
C1 [Demuth, Julie L.; Morss, Rebecca E.; Lazo, Jeffrey K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Hilderbrand, Douglas C.] NOAA, Meteorol Dev Lab, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Demuth, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM jdemuth@ucar.edu
FU NWS Office of Science and Technology; Office of Climate, Water, and
Weather Services [NA06NWS4670013]; NCAR's Collaborative; National
Science Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
[NA06OAR4310119]
FX Thank you to Crystal Burghardt, Jennifer Boehnert, Cindy Halley-Gotway,
and Taylor Trogdon for their assistance with this research and analysis;
to Pat Callahan at ResearchExec for his extensive assistance with the
survey design and implementation; and to Greg Guibert, Heather Lazrus,
and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.
Thank you also to the following NWS personnel for their assistance and
input throughout this research effort: Bradley Akamine, Bob Bunge,
Dennis Cain, Curtis Carey, Sam Contorno, Bob Glahn, Carl Gorski, Andy
Horvitz, Eli Jacks, Ron Jones, Suzanne Lenihan, Mark Mitchell, Daniel
Nietfeld, and Jennifer Sprague. This work was funded by the NWS Office
of Science and Technology and Office of Climate, Water, and Weather
Services under Award NA06NWS4670013. Portions of the authors' time were
supported by NCAR's Collaborative Program on the Societal Impacts and
Economic Benefits of Weather Information (SIP), which is funded by the
National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration through the U.S. Weather Research Program under Award
NA06OAR4310119. The views and opinions in this paper are those of the
authors.
NR 27
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U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 711
EP 726
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00118.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900012
ER
PT J
AU Gao, JD
Smith, TM
Stensrud, DJ
Fu, CH
Calhoun, K
Manross, KL
Brogden, J
Lakshmanan, V
Wang, YH
Thomas, KW
Brewster, K
Xue, M
AF Gao, Jidong
Smith, Travis M.
Stensrud, David J.
Fu, Chenghao
Calhoun, Kristin
Manross, Kevin L.
Brogden, Jeffrey
Lakshmanan, Valliappa
Wang, Yunheng
Thomas, Kevin W.
Brewster, Keith
Xue, Ming
TI A Real-Time Weather-Adaptive 3DVAR Analysis System for Severe Weather
Detections and Warnings
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Data processing; Radars; Radar observations; Data assimilation;
Numerical analysis; modeling
ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DATA
ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LEVEL-II DATA; PART I; REFLECTIVITY DATA; TORNADIC
THUNDERSTORMS; CLOUD ANALYSIS; WIND FIELDS; FORT-WORTH
AB A real-time, weather-adaptive three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system has been adapted for the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) project to incorporate all available radar observations within a moveable analysis domain. The key features of the system include 1) incorporating radar observations from multiple Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler (WSR-88Ds) with NCEP forecast products as a background state, 2) the ability to automatically detect and analyze severe local hazardous weather events at 1-km horizontal resolution every 5 min in real time based on the current weather situation, and 3) the identification of strong circulation patterns embedded in thunderstorms. Although still in the early development stage, the system performed very well within the NOAA's Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Experimental Warning Program during preliminary testing in spring 2010 when many severe weather events were successfully detected and analyzed. This study represents a first step in the assessment of this type of 3DVAR analysis for use in severe weather warnings. The eventual goal of this real-time 3DVAR system is to help meteorologists better track severe weather events and eventually provide better warning information to the public, ultimately saving lives and reducing property damage.
C1 [Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Smith, Travis M.; Calhoun, Kristin; Manross, Kevin L.; Brogden, Jeffrey; Lakshmanan, Valliappa] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Smith, Travis M.; Fu, Chenghao; Calhoun, Kristin; Manross, Kevin L.; Brogden, Jeffrey; Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Cooperate Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
[Fu, Chenghao] Hunan Meteorol Bur, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Yunheng; Thomas, Kevin W.; Brewster, Keith; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Gao, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov
RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011
OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238
FU NOAA; NSF [ATM-0331756, EEC-0313747, ATM-0738370, ATM-0331594,
AGS-0802888]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA08OAR4320904]; National Basic Research
Program of China [2010CB951904]; National Science Foundation of China
[41075034]
FX This research was primarily funded by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project.
The first author was partially supported by NSF Grant ATM-0331756,
EEC-0313747, and ATM-0738370 for the earlier ARPS 3DVAR development work
done at the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS). NSF
Grants ATM-0331594 and AGS-0802888 also contributed to the development
and optimization of the ARPS 3DVAR program. Additional funding was
provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904.
Chenghao Fu was also supported by the National Basic Research Program of
China (Grant 2010CB951904) and National Science Foundation of China
(Grant 41075034). We thank Scott Dembek and Jack Kain for their help
with optimizing the use of the NSSL computer system. The assistance of
Brett Morrow and Steve Fletcher of the NSSL IT team is gratefully
acknowledged.
NR 56
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U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 727
EP 745
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00093.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900013
ER
PT J
AU Coffer, BE
Maudlin, LC
Veals, PG
Clark, AJ
AF Coffer, Brice E.
Maudlin, Lindsay C.
Veals, Peter G.
Clark, Adam J.
TI Dryline Position Errors in Experimental Convection-Allowing NSSL-WRF
Model Forecasts and the Operational NAM
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Drylines; Cloud resolving models; Mesoscale models; Model comparison;
Model errors; Model evaluation; performance
ID HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PART I; PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES;
ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; SPRING EXPERIMENT; MOIST CONVECTION; COORDINATE
MODEL; WEATHER; RESOLUTION; INITIATION
AB This study evaluates 24-h forecasts of dryline position from an experimental 4-km grid-spacing version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) run daily at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), as well as the 12-km grid-spacing North America Mesoscale Model (NAM) run operationally by the Environmental Modeling Center of NCEP. For both models, 0000 UTC initializations are examined, and for verification 0000 UTC Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) analyses are used. For the period 1 April-30 June 2007-11, 116 cases containing drylines in all three datasets were identified using a manual procedure that considered specific humidity gradient magnitude, temperature, and 10-m wind. For the 24-h NAM forecasts, no systematic east-west dryline placement errors were found, and the majority of the east-west errors fell within the range +/- 0.5 degrees longitude. The lack of a systematic bias was generally present across all subgroups of cases categorized according to month, weather pattern, and year. In contrast, a systematic eastward bias was found in 24-h NSSL-WRF forecasts, which was consistent across all subgroups of cases. The eastward biases seemed to be largest for the subgroups that favored active drylines (i.e., those associated with a progressive synoptic-scale weather system) as opposed to quiescent drylines that tend to be present with weaker tropospheric flow and have eastward movement dominated by vertical mixing processes in the boundary layer.
C1 [Coffer, Brice E.; Maudlin, Lindsay C.; Veals, Peter G.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Clark, Adam J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Coffer, BE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM becoffer@ncsu.edu
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX Much of this research was completed by the first three authors as part
of an undergraduate Capstone course within the University of Oklahoma's
School of Meteorology. AJC was supported by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic
and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. This paper benefitted
from discussions with Conrad Ziegler, Mike Coniglio, Stephen Goss,
Jeremy Grams, John Hart, and Matt Parker (as well as the rest of the
Convective Storms Group at NCSU). We also thank the two anonymous
reviewers for a thorough review of this paper, including many helpful
and insightful comments.
NR 70
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U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 746
EP 761
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00092.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900014
ER
PT J
AU Knopfmeier, KH
Stensrud, DJ
AF Knopfmeier, Kent H.
Stensrud, David J.
TI Influence of Mesonet Observations on the Accuracy of Surface Analyses
Generated by an Ensemble Kalman Filter
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Mesoscale systems; Sensitivity studies; Surface observations; Ensembles;
Forecast verification; skill; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting
ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS; PART I; INITIAL
CONDITION; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; MESOSCALE; SYSTEM; TESTS; SENSITIVITY;
CONVECTION
AB The expansion of surface mesoscale networks (mesonets) across the United States provides a high-resolution observational dataset for meteorological analysis and prediction. To clarify the impact of mesonet data on the accuracy of surface analyses, 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint, and 10-m wind analyses for 2-week periods during the warm and cold seasons produced through an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach are compared to surface analyses created by the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA). Results show in general a similarity between the EnKF analyses and the RTMA, with the EnKF exhibiting a smoother appearance with less small-scale variability. Root-mean-square (RMS) innovations are generally lower for temperature and dewpoint from the RTMA, implying a closer fit to the observations. Kinetic energy spectra computed from the two analyses reveal that the EnKF analysis spectra match more closely to the spectra computed from observations and numerical models in earlier studies. Data-denial experiments using the EnKF completed for the first week of the warm and cold seasons, as well as for two periods characterized by high mesoscale variability within the experimental domain, show that mesonet data removal imparts only minimal degradation to the analyses. This is because of the localized background covariances computed for the four surface variables having spatial scales much larger than the average spacing of mesonet stations. Results show that removing 75% of the mesonet observations has only minimal influence on the analysis.
C1 [Knopfmeier, Kent H.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Knopfmeier, Kent H.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Knopfmeier, KH (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM kent.knopfmeier@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's National Weather Service Office of Science and Technology; NOAA's
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX The authors thank Qin Xu, David Dowell, and the four anonymous reviewers
for helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. We also
thank Nusrat Yussouf for archiving the RTMA data and Dustan Wheatley for
aid with analysis scripts. Funding for this research was provided by
NOAA's National Weather Service Office of Science and Technology and
NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University
of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of
Commerce.
NR 54
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U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 815
EP 841
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00078.1
PG 27
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900019
ER
PT J
AU Coniglio, MC
Correia, J
Marsh, PT
Kong, FY
AF Coniglio, Michael C.
Correia, James, Jr.
Marsh, Patrick T.
Kong, Fanyou
TI Verification of Convection-Allowing WRF Model Forecasts of the Planetary
Boundary Layer Using Sounding Observations
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Boundary layer; Mixed layer; Spring season; Storm environments; Forecast
verification; skill; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting
ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; EDDY SIMULATION DATA; PART I; ETA-MODEL;
IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION; SUPERCELL; SYSTEM; IMPACT; STORM
AB This study evaluates forecasts of thermodynamic variables from five convection-allowing configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with the Advanced Research core (WRF-ARW). The forecasts vary only in their planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme, including three local schemes [Mellor-Yamada-Janji (MYJ), quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE), and Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN)] and two schemes that include nonlocal mixing [the asymmetric cloud model version 2 (ACM2) and the Yonei University (YSU) scheme]. The forecasts are compared to springtime radiosonde observations upstream from deep convection to gain a better understanding of the thermodynamic characteristics of these PBL schemes in this regime. The morning PBLs are all too cool and dry despite having little bias in PBL depth (except for YSU). In the evening, the local schemes produce shallower PBLs that are often too shallow and too moist compared to nonlocal schemes. However, MYNN is nearly unbiased in PBL depth, moisture, and potential temperature, which is comparable to the background North American Mesoscale model (NAM) forecasts. This result gives confidence in the use of the MYNN scheme in convection-allowing configurations of WRF-ARW to alleviate the typical cool, moist bias of the MYJ scheme in convective boundary layers upstream from convection. The morning cool and dry biases lead to an underprediction of mixed-layer CAPE (MLCAPE) and an overprediction of mixed-layer convective inhibition (MLCIN) at that time in all schemes. MLCAPE and MLCIN forecasts improve in the evening, with MYJ, QNSE, and MYNN having small mean errors, but ACM2 and YSU having a somewhat low bias. Strong observed capping inversions tend to be associated with an underprediction of MLCIN in the evening, as the model profiles are too smooth. MLCAPE tends to be overpredicted (underpredicted) by MYJ and QNSE (MYNN, ACM2, and YSU) when the observed MLCAPE is relatively small (large).
C1 [Coniglio, Michael C.; Correia, James, Jr.; Marsh, Patrick T.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
[Correia, James, Jr.; Marsh, Patrick T.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Correia, James, Jr.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
[Marsh, Patrick T.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Kong, Fanyou] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov
RI Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA CSTAR
program; NSF-ITR [ATM-0331594]; NSF [ATM-0802888]
FX We are very appreciative of the hard work and dedication of CAPS
scientists, particularly Kevin Thomas, and the staff at the National
Institute of Computational Science at the University of Tennessee who
made the 2011 and 2012 CAPS ensemble possible. The authors thank Joseph
Olson from NOAA/GSD for his help in understanding the WRF-ARW
implementation of PBL schemes, and Adam Clark of NSSL for helpful
suggestions. We also thank Dr. Mike Douglas of NSSL, Dr. Don Conlee and
the sounding team from Texas A&M, Scott Giangrande for help with the
MC3E sounding data, and Kimberly Elmore for helpful discussions on
significance testing. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The CAPS ensemble
forecasts were primarily supported by the NOAA CSTAR program, and were
produced on Kraken at the National Institute of Computational Science at
the University of Tennessee, with some postprocessing done at OSCER at
the University of Oklahoma. Supplementary support was provided by
NSF-ITR Project LEAD (ATM-0331594), NSF ATM-0802888, and other NSF
grants to CAPS.
NR 43
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 842
EP 862
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00103.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900020
ER
PT J
AU Bunkers, MJ
Smith, PL
AF Bunkers, Matthew J.
Smith, Paul L.
TI Comments on "An Objective High-Resolution Hail Climatology of the
Contiguous United States"
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Bunkers, Matthew J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Rapid City, SD USA.
[Smith, Paul L.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD USA.
RP Smith, PL (reprint author), SDSM&T, Dept Atmospher Sci, 501 East St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
EM paul.smith@sdsmt.edu
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 3
BP 915
EP 917
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00020.1
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 169EV
UT WOS:000320761900023
ER
PT J
AU Pozzi, W
Sheffield, J
Stefanski, R
Cripe, D
Pulwarty, R
Vogt, JV
Heim, RR
Brewer, MJ
Svoboda, M
Westerhoff, R
van Dijk, AIJM
Lloyd-Hughes, B
Pappppenberger, F
Werner, M
Dutra, E
Wetterhall, F
Wagner, W
Schubert, S
Mo, KT
Nicholson, M
Bettio, L
Nunez, L
van Beek, R
Bierkens, M
de Goncalves, LGG
De Mattos, JGZ
Lawford, R
AF Pozzi, Will
Sheffield, Justin
Stefanski, Robert
Cripe, Douglas
Pulwarty, Roger
Vogt, Juergen V.
Heim, Richard R., Jr.
Brewer, Michael J.
Svoboda, Mark
Westerhoff, Rogier
van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.
Lloyd-Hughes, Benjamin
Pappppenberger, Florian
Werner, Micha
Dutra, Emanuel
Wetterhall, Fredrik
Wagner, Wolfgang
Schubert, Siegfried
Mo, Kingtse
Nicholson, Margaret
Bettio, Lynette
Nunez, Liliana
van Beek, Rens
Bierkens, Marc
Goncalves de Goncalves, Luis Gustavo
Zell de Mattos, Joao Gerd
Lawford, Richard
TI TOWARD GLOBAL DROUGHT EARLY WARNING CAPABILITY: Expanding International
Cooperation for the Development of a Framework for Monitoring and
Forecasting
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT;
FOOD SECURITY
AB Drought is a global problem that has far-reaching impacts, especially on vulnerable populations in developing regions. This paper highlights the need for a Global Drought Early Warning System (GDEWS), the elements that constitute its underlying framework (GDEWF), and the recent progress made toward its development. Many countries lack drought monitoring systems, as well as the capacity to respond via appropriate political, institutional, and technological frameworks, and these have inhibited the development of integrated drought management plans or early warning systems. The GDEWS will provide a source of drought tools and products via the GDEWF for countries and regions to develop tailored drought early warning systems for their own users. A key goal of a GDEWS is to maximize the lead time for early warning, allowing drought managers and disaster coordinators more time to put mitigation measures in place to reduce the vulnerability to drought. To address this, the GDEWF will take both a top-down approach to provide global realtime drought monitoring and seasonal forecasting, and a bottom-up approach that builds upon existing national and regional systems to provide continental-to-global coverage. A number of challenges must be overcome, however, before a GDEWS can become a reality, including the lack of in situ measurement networks and modest seasonal forecast skill in many regions, and the lack of infrastructure to translate data into useable information. A set of international partners, through a series of recent workshops and evolving collaborations, has made progress toward meeting these challenges and developing a global system.
C1 [Pozzi, Will; Wagner, Wolfgang] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing IPF, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
[Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Stefanski, Robert] World Meteorol Org, Climate & Water Dept, Agr Meteorol Div, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Cripe, Douglas] Grp Earth Observ Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Pulwarty, Roger] Natl Integrated Drought Informat Syst, Boulder, CO USA.
[Vogt, Juergen V.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Brewer, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
[Westerhoff, Rogier; Werner, Micha] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands.
[van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.] CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Pappppenberger, Florian; Dutra, Emanuel; Wetterhall, Fredrik] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Predictabil & Diagnost Sect, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Werner, Micha] UNESCO IHE, Delft, Netherlands.
[Lloyd-Hughes, Benjamin] Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
[Svoboda, Mark] Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Monitoring Program Area, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Schubert, Siegfried] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mo, Kingtse] NOAA, US Ctr Climate Predict, Washington, DC USA.
[Nicholson, Margaret] Australia Bur Agr & Econ Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Nunez, Liliana] Argentina Serv Meteorol Nacl, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Bettio, Lynette] Bur Meteorol, Natl Climate Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[van Beek, Rens; Bierkens, Marc] Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Goncalves de Goncalves, Luis Gustavo; Zell de Mattos, Joao Gerd] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Lawford, Richard] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
RP Pozzi, W (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing IPF, Gusshausstr 27-29, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
EM will.pozzi@gmail.com
RI Werner, Micha/C-8144-2009; Wetterhall, Fredrik/I-2374-2012;
Pappenberger, Florian/A-2839-2009; Dutra, Emanuel/A-3774-2010; Van Dijk,
Albert/B-3106-2011; van Beek, Rens/B-4904-2014;
OI Werner, Micha/0000-0003-4198-5638; Wetterhall,
Fredrik/0000-0001-5331-9064; Pappenberger, Florian/0000-0003-1766-2898;
Dutra, Emanuel/0000-0002-0643-2643; Van Dijk,
Albert/0000-0002-6508-7480; van Beek, Rens/0000-0002-4758-108X; Wagner,
Wolfgang/0000-0001-7704-6857
NR 26
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 5
U2 51
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 776
EP 785
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00176.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100001
ER
PT J
AU LeMone, MA
Schlatter, TW
Henson, RT
AF LeMone, Margaret A.
Schlatter, Thomas W.
Henson, Robert T.
TI A STRIKING CLOUD OVER BOULDER, COLORADO: What Is Its Altitude, and Why
Does It Matter?
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; NUCLEATION; IRIDESCENCE
AB Scientific investigation is supposed to be objective and strictly logical, but this is not always the case: the process that leads to a good conclusion can be messy. This narrative describes interactions among a group of scientists trying to solve a simple problem that had scientific implications. It started with the observation of a cloud exhibiting behavior associated with supercooled water and temperatures around -20 degrees C. However, other aspects of the cloud suggested an altitude where the temperature was around -40 degrees C. For several months following the appearance of the cloud on 23 March 2011, the people involved searched for evidence, formed strong opinions, argued, examined evidence more carefully, changed their minds, and searched for more evidence until they could reach agreement. While they concluded that the cloud was at the higher and colder altitude, evidence for supercooled liquid water at that altitude is not conclusive.
C1 [LeMone, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Schlatter, Thomas W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Schlatter, Thomas W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Henson, Robert T.] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA.
RP LeMone, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM lemone@ucar.edu
RI Schlatter, Thomas /E-7480-2015
FU UCAR; National Science Foundation
FX This article draws from and builds on two posts on the UCAR online
AtmosNews website
(https://www2.x.edu/atmosnews/opinion/4616/cloud-remember-part-2-mystery
-solved and
https://www2.ucar.edu/atmosnews/opinion/4209/cloud-remember-and-mystery-
solve). In addition to the people mentioned in the text and captions,
many others contributed to the discussion on this cloud. In addition to
those mentioned in the narrative, Jielun Sun (NCAR) referred us to
datasets we were unfamiliar with, and Alan Scott Kittleman (University
of Colorado) educated us about the contents of the CU Atmospheric
Observatory website. We wish to acknowledge our internal reviewers, as
well as Tammy Weckwerth (NCAR) and an anonymous reviewer for improving
the paper through the formal review process. Two of the authors
(Schlatter and LeMone) have modest postretirement support from their
respective employers, NOAA and NCAR. Henson is supported by UCAR. NCAR
and UCAR are supported by the National Science Foundation.
NR 9
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 788
EP 797
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00133.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100002
ER
PT J
AU Gourley, JJ
Hong, Y
Flamig, ZL
Arthur, A
Clark, R
Calianno, M
Ruin, I
Ortel, T
Wieczorek, ME
Kirstetter, PE
Clark, E
Krajewski, WF
AF Gourley, Jonathan J.
Hong, Yang
Flamig, Zachchary L.
Arthur, Ami
Clark, Robert
Calianno, Martin
Ruin, Isabelle
Ortel, Terry
Wieczorek, Michchael E.
Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel
Clark, Edward
Krajewski, Witold F.
TI A Unified Flash Flood Database across the United States
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB Despite flash flooding being one of the most deadly and costly weather-related natural hazards worldwide, individual datasets to characterize them in the United States are hampered by limited documentation and can be difficult to access. This study is the first of its kind to assemble, reprocess, describe, and disseminate a georeferenced U.S. database providing a long-term, detailed characterization of flash flooding in terms of spatiotemporal behavior and specificity of impacts. The database is composed of three primary sources: 1) the entire archive of automated discharge observations from the U.S. Geological Survey that has been reprocessed to describe individual flooding events, 2) flash-flooding reports collected by the National Weather Service from 2006 to the present, and 3) witness reports obtained directly from the public in the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment during the summers 2008-10. Each observational data source has limitations; a major asset of the unified flash flood database is its collation of relevant information from a variety of sources that is now readily available to the community in common formats. It is anticipated that this database will be used for many diverse purposes, such as evaluating tools to predict flash flooding, characterizing seasonal and regional trends, and improving understanding of dominant flood-producing processes. We envision the initiation of this community database effort will attract and encompass future datasets.
C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachchary L.; Arthur, Ami; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Hong, Yang; Flamig, Zachchary L.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Arthur, Ami; Clark, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Clark, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Calianno, Martin; Ruin, Isabelle] Lab Etud Transferts Hydrol & Environm, Grenoble, France.
[Ortel, Terry] US Geol Survey, Illinois Water Sci Ctr, Urbana, IL USA.
[Wieczorek, Michchael E.] US Geol Survey, Maryland DE DC Water Sci Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Clark, Edward] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Krajewski, Witold F.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA.
RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley,
Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229;
Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Advanced Hydrologic
Prediction Service of the NOAA/National Weather Service; Iowa Flood
Center
FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Advanced Hydrologic
Prediction Service of the NOAA/National Weather Service. WFK
acknowledges the support of the Iowa Flood Center.
NR 10
TC 16
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U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 799
EP 805
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00198.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100003
ER
PT J
AU Peterson, TC
Heim, RR
Hirsch, R
Kaiser, DP
Brooks, H
Diffenbaugh, NS
Dole, RM
Giovannettone, JP
Guirguis, K
Karl, TR
Katz, RW
Kunkel, K
Lettenmaier, D
McCabe, GJ
Paciorek, CJ
Ryberg, KR
Schubert, S
Silva, VBS
Stewart, BC
Vecchia, AV
Villarini, G
Vose, RS
Walsh, J
Wehner, M
Wolock, D
Wolter, K
Woodhouse, CA
Wuebbles, D
AF Peterson, Thomas C.
Heim, Richard R., Jr.
Hirsch, Robert
Kaiser, Dale P.
Brooks, Harold
Diffenbaugh, Noah S.
Dole, Randall M.
Giovannettone, Jason P.
Guirguis, Kristen
Karl, Thomas R.
Katz, Richard W.
Kunkel, Kenneth
Lettenmaier, Dennis
McCabe, Gregory J.
Paciorek, Christopher J.
Ryberg, Karen R.
Schubert, Siegfried
Silva, Viviane B. S.
Stewart, Brooke C.
Vecchia, Aldo V.
Villarini, Gabriele
Vose, Russell S.
Walsh, John
Wehner, Michael
Wolock, David
Wolter, Klaus
Woodhouse, Connie A.
Wuebbles, Donald
TI MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING CHANGES IN HEAT WAVES, COLD WAVES, FLOODS,
AND DROUGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES: State of Knowledge
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SOIL-MOISTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER
MANAGEMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; NEW-ENGLAND; DUST-BOWL; US; TEMPERATURE;
STREAMFLOW
AB Weather and climate extremes have been varying and changing on many different time scales. In recent decades, heat waves have generally become more frequent across the United States, while cold waves have been decreasing. While this is in keeping with expectations in a warming climate, it turns out that decadal variations in the number of U.S. heat and cold waves do not correlate well with the observed U.S. warming during the last century. Annual peak flow data reveal that river flooding trends on the century scale do not show uniform changes across the country. While flood magnitudes in the Southwest have been decreasing, flood magnitudes in the Northeast and north-central United States have been increasing. Confounding the analysis of trends in river flooding is multiyear and even multidecadal variability likely caused by both large-scale atmospheric circulation changes and basin-scale memory in the form of soil moisture. Droughts also have long-term trends as well as multiyear and decadal variability. Instrumental data indicate that the Dust Bowl of the 1930s and the drought in the 1950s were the most significant twentieth-century droughts in the United States, while tree ring data indicate that the megadroughts over the twelfth century exceeded anything in the twentieth century in both spatial extent and duration. The state of knowledge of the factors that cause heat waves, cold waves, floods, and drought to change is fairly good with heat waves being the best understood.
C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28803 USA.
[Hirsch, Robert] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Kaiser, Dale P.] US DOE, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Brooks, Harold] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Dole, Randall M.; Wolter, Klaus] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Giovannettone, Jason P.] US Army Corp Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA USA.
[Guirguis, Kristen] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Guirguis, Kristen] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Katz, Richard W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
[Lettenmaier, Dennis] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[McCabe, Gregory J.; Wolock, David] USGS, Lawrence, KS USA.
[Paciorek, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ryberg, Karen R.; Vecchia, Aldo V.] US Geol Survey, Bismarck, ND USA.
[Schubert, Siegfried] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Silva, Viviane B. S.] NOAA, Climate Serv Div, NWS, OCWWS, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Stewart, Brooke C.] STG, Asheville, NC USA.
[Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA.
[Walsh, John] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Wehner, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Woodhouse, Connie A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Wuebbles, Donald] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.
RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28803 USA.
EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov
RI Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; lettenmaier,
dennis/F-8780-2011; Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015; Katz,
Richard/K-4133-2012; Ryberg, Karen/E-1871-2016; Villarini,
Gabriele/F-8069-2016;
OI Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Kunkel,
Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327;
Katz, Richard/0000-0002-0267-8953; Ryberg, Karen/0000-0002-9834-2046;
Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Hirsch,
Robert/0000-0002-4534-075X
NR 95
TC 84
Z9 85
U1 10
U2 132
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 821
EP 834
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100005
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, R
Aberson, S
Aksoy, A
Annane, B
Black, M
Cione, J
Dorst, N
Dunion, J
Gamache, J
Goldenberg, S
Gopalakrishnan, S
Kaplan, J
Klotz, B
Lorsolo, S
Marks, F
Murillo, S
Powell, M
Reasor, P
Sellwood, K
Uhlhorn, E
Vukicevic, T
Zhang, J
Zhang, XJ
AF Rogers, Robert
Aberson, Sim
Aksoy, Altug
Annane, Bachir
Black, Michael
Cione, Joseph
Dorst, Neal
Dunion, Jason
Gamache, John
Goldenberg, Stan
Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman
Kaplan, John
Klotz, Bradley
Lorsolo, Sylvie
Marks, Frank
Murillo, Shirley
Powell, Mark
Reasor, Paul
Sellwood, Kathryn
Uhlhorn, Eric
Vukicevic, Tomislava
Zhang, Jun
Zhang, Xuejin
TI NOAA'S HURRICANE INTENSITY FORECASTING EXPERIMENT: A Progress Report
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CYCLONE RAPID INTENSIFICATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS;
BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; INNER CORE STRUCTURE;
TROPICAL CYCLONES; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; POTENTIAL
INTENSITY; TURBULENT FLUXES
AB An update of the progress achieved as part of the NOAA Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX) is provided. Included is a brief summary of the noteworthy aircraft missions flown in the years since 2005, the first year IFEX flights occurred, as well as a description of the research and development activities that directly address the three primary IFEX goals: 1) collect observations that span the tropical cyclone (TC) life cycle in a variety of environments for model initialization and evaluation; 2) develop and refine measurement strategies and technologies that provide improved real-time monitoring of TC intensity, structure, and environment; and 3) improve the understanding of physical processes important in intensity change for a TC at all stages of its life cycle. Such activities include the real-time analysis and transmission of Doppler radar measurements; numerical model and data assimilation advancements; characterization of tropical cyclone composite structure across multiple scales, from vortex scale to turbulence scale; improvements in statistical prediction of rapid intensification; and studies specifically targeting tropical cyclogenesis, extratropical transition, and the impact of environmental humidity on TC structure and evolution. While progress in TC intensity forecasting remains challenging, the activities described here provide some hope for improvement.
C1 [Rogers, Robert; Aberson, Sim; Black, Michael; Cione, Joseph; Dorst, Neal; Gamache, John; Goldenberg, Stan; Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman; Kaplan, John; Marks, Frank; Murillo, Shirley; Powell, Mark; Reasor, Paul; Uhlhorn, Eric; Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Aksoy, Altug; Annane, Bachir; Dunion, Jason; Klotz, Bradley; Lorsolo, Sylvie; Sellwood, Kathryn; Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
RP Rogers, R (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM robert.rogers@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014; Powell,
Mark/I-4963-2013; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014; Murillo,
Shirley/C-3259-2014; Dorst, Neal/C-3668-2014; Goldenberg,
Stanley/C-5965-2014; Sellwood, Kathryn/H-6500-2014; Klotz,
Bradley/J-9506-2013; Annane, Bachir/A-3399-2017; CIONE,
JOSEPH/B-2973-2014; Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009; Rogers,
Robert/I-4428-2013; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011;
Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012;
Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014; Gamache, John/A-9702-2014; Uhlhorn,
Eric/B-1336-2014; Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Reasor,
Paul/B-2932-2014
OI Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569;
Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888;
Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; Dorst, Neal/0000-0002-2618-1992;
Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819; Sellwood,
Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101; Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531; CIONE,
JOSEPH/0000-0002-2011-887X; Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710; Aberson,
Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514;
Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; Kaplan,
John/0000-0002-7253-3039; Gamache, John/0000-0001-5624-0378; Uhlhorn,
Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342; Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X
FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP); NOAA Joint Hurricane
Testbed (JHT); NOAA
FX The IFEX field portion could not have been accomplished without the
dedication and tireless efforts of Jim McFadden, P-3 program manager,
and all of the pilots, flight directors, navigators, engineers, and
technicians at NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center (AOC). Interactions with
Vijay Tallapragada and his colleagues at NOAA/NCEP Environmental
Modeling Center, James Franklin and his colleagues at NOAA/National
Hurricane Center, and Jian-Wen Bao and his colleagues at NOAA/Earth
System Research Laboratory have provided crucial assistance in the
development and application of the work shown here. Much of the work
shown here was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement
Program (HFIP), NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed (JHT), and NOAA base funds.
NR 97
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 859
EP 882
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00089.1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100008
ER
PT J
AU Banta, RM
Pichugina, YL
Kelley, ND
Hardesty, RM
Brewer, WA
AF Banta, Robert M.
Pichugina, Yelena L.
Kelley, Neil D.
Hardesty, R. Michael
Brewer, W. Alan
TI WIND ENERGY METEOROLOGY: Insight into Wind Properties in the
Turbine-Rotor Layer of the Atmosphere from High-Resolution Doppler Lidar
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-LEVEL JET; STABLE-BOUNDARY-LAYER; MOUNTAIN BASIN COMPLEX; SLOPING
TERRAIN; SURFACE-LAYER; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; WEATHER RESEARCH;
MESOSCALE MODEL; RESEARCH NEEDS; SPEED PROFILE
AB Addressing the need for high-quality wind information aloft in the layer occupied by turbine rotors (similar to 30-150 m above ground level) is one of many significant challenges facing the wind energy industry. Without wind measurements at heights within the rotor sweep of the turbines, characteristics of the flow in this layer are unknown for wind energy and modeling purposes. Since flow in this layer is often decoupled from the surface, near-surface measurements are prone to errant extrapolation to these heights, and the behavior of the near-surface winds may not reflect that of the upper-level flow.
C1 [Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.; Hardesty, R. Michael; Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Pichugina, Yelena L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kelley, Neil D.] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM robert.banta@noaa.gov
RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta,
Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Hardesty,
Robert/H-9844-2013
FU NOAA Air Quality and Health of the Atmosphere Program
FX Views expressed in this paper are the authors', and not necessarily
those of NOAA. Support for the analysis in this study, which has taken
place over several years' time, came from a number of sources, including
the U.S. Army Research Office (ARO, Dr. Walter Bach) of the Army
Research Laboratory under Proposal 43711-EV and the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL, Neil D. Kelley) of the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DOE-AI36-03GO13094. Further
analysis and manuscript preparation were supported by the NOAA Air
Quality and Health of the Atmosphere Program. The authors are indebted
to colleagues from the NOAA/ESRL lidar optical remote sensing group for
their contributions to HRDL preparation and setup and data acquisition
during CASES and Lamar, including Scott Sandberg, Rob K. Newsom, Volker
Wulfmeyer, Janet Machol, Brandi McCarty, Joanne George, Raul Alvarez,
Andreas Muschinski, Jennifer Keane, Ann Weickmann, Ron Richter, Sara
Tucker, Jeff Otten, Wynn Eberhard, Maxim Pichugin, and Lisa Darby. We
also thank Debra Dailey-Fisher for figure preparation; and Lisa Darby,
Tom Schlatter, Kathleen Human, and three anonymous reviewers for their
helpful editorial reviews.
NR 72
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U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 883
EP 902
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00057.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100009
ER
PT J
AU Arguez, A
Vose, RS
Dissen, J
AF Arguez, Anthony
Vose, Russell S.
Dissen, Jenny
TI Alternative Climate Normals: Impacts to the Energy Industry
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Arguez, Anthony; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Dissen, Jenny] Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, Room 506,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM anthony.arguez@noaa.gov
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 915
EP 917
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00155.1
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 175TK
UT WOS:000321256100011
ER
PT J
AU Leighfield, TA
Muha, N
Miles, CO
Ramsdell, JS
AF Leighfield, Tod A.
Muha, Noah
Miles, Christopher O.
Ramsdell, John S.
TI Semisynthesis of Radio labeled Amino Acid and Lipid Brevetoxin
Metabolites and Their Blood Elimination Kinetics in C57BL/6 Mice
SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; NEW-ZEALAND; INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION;
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; GREENSHELL MUSSELS; PERNA-CANALICULUS;
SODIUM-CHANNELS; PLASMA; PBTX-3; RATS
AB Brevetoxin B (BTX-B), produced by dinoflagellates of the species Karenia, is a highly reactive molecule, due in part to an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde group at the terminal side chain, leading to the production of metabolites in shellfish by reduction, oxidation, and conjugation. We have investigated in mice the blood elimination of three common bioactive brevetoxin metabolites found in shellfish, which have been semisynthesized from BTX-B in radioactive forms. BTX-B was reduced at C42 to yield [H-3] dihydro-BTX-B. [H-3] S-desoxy-BTX-B2 (cysteine brevetoxin B) was semisynthesized from BTX-B by the conjugation of cysteine at the C50 olefinic group then [H-3] radiolabeled by C42 aldehyde reduction. [HC] N-Palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 was prepared using S-desoxy-BTX-B2 as the starting material with addition of the [C-14] radiolabeled fatty acid via cysteine amide linkage. The elimination of intravenously administered [H-3] S-desoxy-BTX-B2, [C-14] N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2, or [H-3] dihydroBTX-B was measured in blood collected from C57BL/6 mice over a 48 h period. Each brevetwdn metabolite tested exhibited biexponential elimination kinetics and fit a two-compartment model of elimination that was applied to generate toxicokinetic parameters. The rate of transfer between the central compartment (i.e., blood) and the peripheral compartment (e.g., tissue) for each brevetoxin differed substantially, with dihydro-BTX-B exchanging rapidly with the peripheral compartment, S-desoxy-BTX-B2 eliminating rapidly from the central compartment, and N-palmitoyl-S-desoxy-BTX-B2 eliminating slowly from the central compartment. Toxicokinetic parameters were analyzed in the context of the unique structure of each brevetoxin metabolite resulting from a reduction, amino acid conjugation, or fatty acid addition to BTX-B.
C1 [Leighfield, Tod A.; Muha, Noah; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Miles, Christopher O.] Norwegian Vet Inst, N-0106 Oslo, Norway.
RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Marie Curie
International Incoming Fellowship within the seventh European Community
Framework Programme [221117]
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship
within the seventh European Community Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 221117 (to C.O.M.).
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0893-228X
J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL
JI Chem. Res. Toxicol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 6
BP 868
EP 877
DI 10.1021/tx4000057
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology
GA 168EU
UT WOS:000320689300004
PM 23642029
ER
PT J
AU Roegner, GC
Daly, EA
Brodeur, RD
AF Roegner, G. Curtis
Daly, Elizabeth A.
Brodeur, Richard D.
TI Surface distribution of brachyuran megalopae and ichthyoplankton in the
Columbia River plume during transition from downwelling to upwelling
conditions
SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Columbia River plume; Crab megalopae; Juvenile fishes; Neuston;
Upwelling; California Current
ID CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DUNGENESS CRAB;
OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION;
SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; WILLAPA
BAY
AB In the California Current coastal boundary zone, the spring transition between downwelling and upwelling conditions, along with the fluctuating structure of the Columbia River plume, creates highly dynamic interactions. In this study, we investigated whether the surface distribution of brachyuran larvae and ichthyoplankton would track the dynamics of the Columbia River plume. By happenstance, the cruise period coincided with the spring transition from downwelling to sustained upwelling conditions in 2010, a year when the transition was delayed and Columbia River flow was substantially higher than average. We used time series of wind and freshwater input to evaluate the influence of physical forcing on oceanographic patterns, and sampled hydrography and surface plankton concentrations within a 182 km(2) grid off Willapa Bay, WA. Additionally, two longer transects, one cross-shelf and the other along-shore, were made to discern the extent of plume influence on larval crab and fish abundance. We found that plume waters that were trapped in a northward-flowing coastal-boundary current during downwelling conditions were advected offshore after several days of upwelling-favorable winds. Neustonic collections of brachyuran larvae and ichthyoplankton varied in response to this large seaward advective event. Megalopae of cancrid crabs exhibited patterns of both offshore transport (Cancer oregonensis/productus) and nearshore retention (C. magister). Additionally, abundant numbers of large juvenile widow (Sebastes entomelas) and yellowtail (S. flavidus) rockfish of a size appropriate for settlement were sampled during a period when ocean conditions favored high recruitment success. These results demonstrated that the response of planktonic crab larvae and ichthyoplankton to large-scale advection varied by species, with larger and more vagile fish exhibiting less evidence of passive transport than smaller crab larvae. Importantly, portions of the planktonic fish and crab community were able to maintain nearshore distributions in favorable settlement habitat, despite physical advection offshore. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
[Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Point Adams Res Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
EM Curtis.Roegner@noaa.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service
FX We sincerely thank scientists Sarikka Attoe, Caren Barcelo, and Amanda
Gladics, and electronic technicians Manuel Calderon and Phil White for
help with the sampling. Toby Auth, JoAnne Butzerin, Jennifer Fisher, and
Kurt Fresh provided very helpful comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by Bonneville Power
Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 60
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0278-4343
J9 CONT SHELF RES
JI Cont. Shelf Res.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 60
BP 70
EP 86
DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.04.007
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 174QW
UT WOS:000321171500007
ER
PT J
AU Waser, PM
Nichols, KM
Hadfield, JD
AF Waser, P. M.
Nichols, K. M.
Hadfield, J. D.
TI Fitness consequences of dispersal: Is leaving home the best of a bad
lot?
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dipodomys spectabilis; dispersal; heteromyid rodent; inbreeding
avoidance; kangaroo rat; kin competition; phenotypic polymorphism;
philopatry; recruitment; reproductive success; survivorship
ID TAILED KANGAROO RATS; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS;
PRECAPTURE DISPERSAL; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS;
SURVIVAL; DENSITY; MAMMALS
AB Using 20 years of demographic and genetic data from four populations of banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis), we asked whether dispersing individuals gain benefits during adulthood that might compensate for the substantial survival costs they experience as juveniles. Compared to philopatric animals, within- and between-population dispersers gained no measureable advantages in adult survival, fecundity, or probability of recruiting offspring to adulthood. Restricting analyses to members of two central populations living more than 15 times the median dispersal distance from the study site edge, and using peripheral populations only to detect dispersal or offspring recruitment "offsite,'' did not change this result. Population density during year of birth had small negative effects on adult survival and fecundity, but there were no interactions with dispersal phenotype. We found no evidence that dispersers gained access to superior habitat or that their offspring suffered less inbreeding depression. Our results are consistent with fitness advantages being indirect; by leaving, dispersers release their kin from competition. Our results are also consistent with the possibility that dispersal is the "best of a bad lot.'' If dispersal is a conditional strategy, then the benefits may be obscured in observational data that compare dispersing individuals to philopatric individuals rather than to individuals whose dispersal phenotype is experimentally manipulated.
C1 [Waser, P. M.; Nichols, K. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Nichols, K. M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Nichols, K. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Hadfield, J. D.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Hadfield, J. D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.
RP Waser, PM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM waserpm@purdue.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0816925]
FX We received support from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0816925).
We thank N. Emery, A. Fahey, M. Hale, R. Howard, J. Lucas, and N. Marra
for helpful comments, and A. DeWoody, J. Winters, B. Swanson, B. Keane,
and J. Busch for discussion, microsatellite analyses, and help in the
field. A. Edelman and J. Clobert provided extensive and helpful comments
during manuscript review.
NR 42
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 63
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 6
BP 1287
EP 1295
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 168OG
UT WOS:000320714800014
PM 23923492
ER
PT J
AU Liu, GH
Yang, XF
Li, XF
Zhang, B
Pichel, W
Li, ZW
Zhou, X
AF Liu, Guihong
Yang, Xiaofeng
Li, Xiaofeng
Zhang, Biao
Pichel, William
Li, Ziwei
Zhou, Xuan
TI A Systematic Comparison of the Effect of Polarization Ratio Models on
Sea Surface Wind Retrieval From C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 22-27, 2012
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA
DE Polarization ratio; sea surface wind; synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
ID OCEAN SURFACE
AB Geophysical model functions (GMFs) for deriving sea surface wind from C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are usually developed and well validated for VV-polarized data, e. g., CMOD5. For wind retrievals from HH-polarization data acquired by some SAR satellites, e. g., RADARSAT-1, part of RADARSAT-2 and ENVISAT ASAR, various Polarization Ratio (PR) models are used to convert normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) from HH to VV polarizations before a GMF is applied. In this study, 116 dual-polarization (VV and HH) C-band ENVISAT Advanced SAR (ASAR) Alternating Polarization (AP) mode images are collected to analyze the behavior of different empirical and theoretical PR models in SAR HH wind retrieval. A new PR model is also developed by analyzing ENVISAT ASAR AP data. SAR HH winds from CMOD5+PR models are validated against SAR VV winds from CMOD5 only. Results show that the proposed new PR model in conjunction with the CMOD5 GMF can constitute promising hybrid GMFs for wind speed retrievals with HH-polarized ENVISAT ASAR images.
C1 [Liu, Guihong; Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei; Zhou, Xuan] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Guihong; Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei; Zhou, Xuan] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20770 USA.
[Zhang, Biao] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Pichel, William] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20770 USA.
RP Yang, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM yangxf@irsa.ac.cn
RI chen, zhu/K-5923-2013; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; yang,
xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008
OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641;
Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119
FU ESA through ENVISAT projects [431, 6133]
FX SAR images were provided by ESA through ENVISAT projects 431 and 6133.
The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of
the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 26
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 19
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 3
SI SI
BP 1100
EP 1108
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2242848
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 170RR
UT WOS:000320871800006
ER
PT J
AU Liu, QH
Weng, FZ
AF Liu, Quanhua
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Using Advanced Matrix Operator (AMOM) in Community Radiative Transfer
Model
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 22-27, 2012
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA
DE Radiative transfer; advanced matrix operator method; CRTM
ID ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERES; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM
AB Many scientific problems, including those in physics, astrophysics, chemistry, and information processing, involve the solutions of eigensystems and the determination of sensitivity of those eigensystems. The latter requires tangent-linear and adjoint formulations of eigensystems. There are several numerical packages, such as Numerical Recipes and LAPACK, available for calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors in the forward model. This paper presents analytical expressions for the tangent-linear and adjoint eigenvalue, and eigenvector in the radiative transfer models. The algorithm is called "advanced matrix operator method (AMOM)" and has been implemented to replace the double-adding method for calculating layer source functions, transmittance, as well as reflection matrices in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) developed at the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, United States. The CRTM has been operationally used for satellite radiance assimilation at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in supporting daily weather forecasting and satellite products. This CRTM is also widely used in radiative transfer community around the world. Using the analytic approach in the CRTM tangent-linear and adjoint calculations returns the same result as the advanced doubling-adding method from the previous CRTM version, but this new approach reduces computation time by 23%-134% in cloudy radiance calculations. With the AMOM, the CRTM is now applicable for visible sensors.
C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liu, Quanhua] Nanjing Univ Informat & Sci, Sch Phys & Optoelect Engn, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
FX This work was supported through funding from the Joint Center for
Satellite Data Assimilation.
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 3
SI SI
BP 1211
EP 1218
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2247026
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 170RR
UT WOS:000320871800019
ER
PT J
AU Pan, CH
Kowalewski, M
Buss, R
Flynn, L
Wu, XQ
Caponi, M
Weng, FZ
AF Pan, Chunhui
Kowalewski, Matthew
Buss, Rich
Flynn, L.
Wu, Xiangqian
Caponi, Maria
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Performance and Calibration of the Nadir Suomi-NPP Ozone Mapping
Profiler Suite From Early-Orbit Images
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 22-27, 2012
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA
DE Calibration; charge coupled device (CCD); Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite
(OMPS); remote sensing
ID SOLAR; OMPS; UARS
AB The Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) was launched aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership spacecraft on October 28, 2011. A successful thorough Early Orbit Checkout (EOC) enabled the current Intensive Calibration and Validation stage. We present our analyses and results of OMPS Nadir early-orbit sensor performance and calibration. We collected and analyzed data from both nominal and diagnostic activities via orbital measurements of detector dark current, sensor linearity, and solar irradiance. Our results demonstrate that the OMPS Nadir sensors smoothly transitioned from ground to orbit by meeting or exceeding sensor level requirements. The orbital measurements agree with the predicted values determined during the prelaunch calibration and characterization of OMPS. Our results also suggest that the effects of charge coupled device (CCD) lattice damage due to energetic particle hits onto the CCD must be accounted for in the dark current calibration.
C1 [Pan, Chunhui] Univ Maryland CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Pan, Chunhui; Flynn, L.; Wu, Xiangqian; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Kowalewski, Matthew] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
[Kowalewski, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Buss, Rich] Raytheon Corp, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA.
[Caponi, Maria] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
RP Pan, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland CICS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM chpan@umd.edu
RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Weng,
Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650;
Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU NOAA at the University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006]
FX This work was supported by NOAA Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative
Institute for Climate and Satellites-CICS) at the University of
Maryland.
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 3
SI SI
BP 1539
EP 1551
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2259144
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 170RR
UT WOS:000320871800052
ER
PT J
AU Zabala, A
Riverola, A
Serral, I
Diaz, P
Lush, V
Maso, J
Pons, X
Habermann, T
AF Zabala, Alaitz
Riverola, Anna
Serral, Ivette
Diaz, Paula
Lush, Victoria
Maso, Joan
Pons, Xavier
Habermann, Ted
TI Rubric-Q: Adding Quality-Related Elements to the GEOSS Clearinghouse
Datasets
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 22-27, 2012
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA
DE GEOSS Clearinghouse; lineage; metadata visualization; quality; usage
ID GEOSPATIAL DATA; INTEROPERABILITY; INFORMATION
AB Geospatial data have become a crucial input for the scientific community for understanding the environment and developing environmental management policies. The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Clearinghouse is a catalogue and search engine that provides access to the Earth Observation metadata. However, metadata are often not easily understood by users, especially when presented in ISO XML encoding. Data quality included in the metadata is basic for users to select datasets suitable for them. This work aims to help users to understand the quality information held in metadata records and to provide the results to geospatial users in an understandable and comparable way. Thus, we have developed an enhanced tool (Rubric-Q) for visually assessing the metadata quality information and quantifying the degree of metadata population. Rubric-Q is an extension of a previous NOAA Rubric tool used as a metadata training and improvement instrument. The paper also presents a thorough assessment of the quality information by applying the Rubric-Q to all dataset metadata records available in the GEOSS Clearinghouse. The results reveal that just 8.7% of the datasets have some quality element described in the metadata, 63.4% have some lineage element documented, and merely 1.2% has some usage element described.
C1 [Zabala, Alaitz; Pons, Xavier] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grumets Res Grp, Dep Geog, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
[Riverola, Anna; Serral, Ivette; Maso, Joan] CREAF, Grumets Res Grp, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08193, Spain.
[Diaz, Paula] City Univ Hong Kong, Asian & Int Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Lush, Victoria] Aston Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England.
[Habermann, Ted] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Zabala, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grumets Res Grp, Dep Geog, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
EM alaitz.zabala@uab.cat; anna.riverola@uab.cat; ivette@creaf.uab.cat;
paula.diaz@uab.cat; lushv@aston.ac.uk; joan.maso@uab.cat;
xavier.pons@uab.cat; ted.habermann@noaa.gov
RI Zabala Torres, Alaitz/G-3440-2014; Pons, Xavier/N-1202-2014; Maso,
Joan/C-2361-2012
OI Zabala Torres, Alaitz/0000-0002-3931-4221; Pons,
Xavier/0000-0002-6924-1641; Maso, Joan/0000-0002-2983-4629
FU European Commission [ENV.2010.4.1.2-2]; Catalan Government [2009 SGR
1511]; ICREA Academia Excellence in Research
FX This work was supported in part by the European Commission through the
FP7-265178-GeoViQua project (ENV.2010.4.1.2-2) and in part by a grant to
the Consolidated Research Groups given by the Catalan Government (2009
SGR 1511). The work of X. Pons was supported in part by an ICREA
Academia Excellence in Research grant (2011-2015).
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 15
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 3
SI SI
BP 1676
EP 1687
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2259580
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 170RR
UT WOS:000320871800065
ER
PT J
AU Liu, QH
Cao, CY
Weng, FZ
AF Liu, Quanhua
Cao, Changyong
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Assessment of Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership VIIRS Emissive
Band Calibration and Inter-Sensor Comparisons
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
CY JUL 22-27, 2012
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, DLR, ESA
DE CrIS; inter-sensor calibration; MODIS; thermal emissive band; VIIRS
ID VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERES; SATELLITES
AB Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have similar thermal emissive bands and are used to determine surface temperature, fire product, and cloud properties. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a hyperspectral sensor covering the most infrared spectrum. This study focuses on VIIRS sensor performance in which inter-sensor comparisons are crucial to the sensor's verification and validation. VIIRS thermal emissive bands (TEB) calibration data (blackbody and space counts) have been analyzed. The analysis results indicate that VIIRS TEB is stable. VIIRS Blackbody temperature is stable, too. The six platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) are also stable, except for the third and sixth PRTs have a periodic variation of 50 mK. Using the calibration data during the Blackbody temperature cool down and warm up, we found that noise equivalent deviation of temperatures (NeDT) varies with the Blackbody temperature. We developed a model that can predict the scene temperature dependent NeDT for the VIIRS M15 band. Comparisons between the VIIRS and other sensors such as AVHRR, MODIS and CrIS demonstrated that VIIRS TEB agrees generally with those sensors within 0.5 Kelvin. It was found that azimuth angle difference between two detectors for the same scan can be very large, causing VIIRS image striping.
C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS STAR Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Di, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Weng,
Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU JPSS Data Products and Algorithms; Joint Center for Satellite Radiance
Assimilation
FX This work was supported by JPSS Data Products and Algorithms and the
Joint Center for Satellite Radiance Assimilation.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 3
SI SI
BP 1737
EP 1748
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2263197
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 170RR
UT WOS:000320871800071
ER
PT J
AU Moradi, I
Buehler, SA
John, VO
Reale, A
Ferraro, RR
AF Moradi, Isaac
Buehler, Stefan A.
John, Viju O.
Reale, Anthony
Ferraro, Ralph R.
TI Evaluating Instrumental Inhomogeneities in Global Radiosonde Upper
Tropospheric Humidity Data Using Microwave Satellite Data
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Microwave remote sensing (RS); radiosonde data; satellite data;
tropospheric humidity; water vapor
ID WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITABLE WATER; VAISALA RS80; CLIMATOLOGIES;
TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; SENSORS; ERRORS
AB In this paper, the overall quality of the water vapor profiles of global operational radiosonde data for the period 2000-2009 is investigated using upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) retrieved from microwave satellite data. Overall, the nighttime radiosonde data showed a dry bias (-5% to -15%) over Europe, Australia, and New Zealand and systematically moist bias (greater than 30%) over China and the former Soviet Union. The nighttime sonde data from the U.S. and Canada showed a bias between -10% and 20%. Most stations indicated a daytime radiation dry bias, except for a few stations from the U.S. and the former Soviet Union. A sensorwise comparison showed a large nighttime wet bias for the Russian (MRZ-3A and MARS) and Chinese GZZ-2 sensors, a relatively small nighttime wet bias for the U.S. Sippican and VIZ-B2 sensors, and a nighttime dry bias for the Chinese GTS1, Vaisala (RS80-A, RS80-H, RS90, RS92K, and RS92-SGP), and the U.S. VIZ-MKII sensors. All sensors had a daytime radiation dry bias, except for the Russian MRZ-3A sensor that had a daytime radiation wet bias that could be because of the daytime radiation bias correction. Because of the large differences between different radiosonde sensors, it is essential for UTH studies to only use the data measured using a single type of sensor at any given station.
C1 [Moradi, Isaac] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Buehler, Stefan A.] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Space Technol, Dept Comp Sci Elect & Space Engn, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden.
[John, Viju O.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PD, Devon, England.
[Reale, Anthony] NOAA, STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, STAR, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM imoradi@umd.edu; sbuehler@ltu.se; viju.john@metoffice.gov.uk;
tony.reale@noaa.gov; ralph.r.ferraro@noaa.gov
RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Moradi,
Isaac/A-7539-2008; Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009
OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135;
Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427; Buehler, Stefan
Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160
FU NOAA at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science
Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) [NA09NES4400006]; Swedish Space Board;
Lulea University of Technology; Joint U.K. DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley
Centre Climate Program [GA01101]; U.K. Joint Weather and Climate
Research Programme
FX Manuscript received April 13, 2012; revised August 14, 2012; accepted
September 4, 2012. Date of publication November 16, 2012; date of
current version May 16, 2013. The work of I. Moradi was supported by
NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and
Satellites) at the University of Maryland, Earth System Science
Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC). The work of I. Moradi, while working
in Sweden, was supported in part by the Swedish Space Board under the
project "Satellite Atmospheric Science" and in part by Lulea University
of Technology. The work of V. John was supported in part by the Joint
U.K. DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Program under Grant
GA01101 and in part by the U.K. Joint Weather and Climate Research
Programme. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are
those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or
U.S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 44
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 6
BP 3615
EP 3624
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2220551
PN 2
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 171PK
UT WOS:000320941300012
ER
PT J
AU Moradi, I
Meng, H
Ferraro, RR
Bilanow, S
AF Moradi, Isaac
Meng, Huan
Ferraro, Ralph R.
Bilanow, Stephen
TI Correcting Geolocation Errors for Microwave Instruments Aboard NOAA
Satellites
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Geolocation; microwave remote sensing; navigation; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); satellite; satellite tracking
ID AMSU-B; PRECIPITABLE WATER; SOUNDING UNIT; SENSOR; RETRIEVAL
AB Microwave ( MW) satellite data are widely used as input in numerical weather prediction models and also in other applications such as climate monitoring and re-analysis. MW satellite data are prone to different problems, including geolocation errors. These data do not have a fine spatial resolution like visible and infrared data; therefore, the accuracy of their geolocation cannot be easily determined using the normal methods such as superimposing coastlines on the satellite images. Currently, no geolocation correction is performed on data from MW instruments aboard the satellites in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) Polar Operational Environmental Satellite program. However, geolocation error can be a significant source of bias in the satellite measurements. In this paper, we investigated and corrected the geolocation errors of the observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit ( AMSU)-A aboard NOAA-15 to NOAA-19, AMSU-B aboard NOAA-15 to NOAA-17, and Microwave Humidity Sounder ( MHS) aboard NOAA-18 and NOAA-19. We used the difference between ascending and descending observations along the coastlines to quantify the geolocation errors in terms of the satellite attitudes ( Euler angles), i.e., pitch, roll, and yaw. Then, new geographical coordinates and scan/local zenith angles were calculated using new attitudes. The results show that NOAA-15 AMSU-A2 instrument has a mounting error of about 1.2 degrees cross-track, and -0.5 degrees along-track, NOAA-16 AMSU-A1 and -A2 instruments have a mounting error of about -0.5 degrees along-track, and NOAA-18 AMSU-A2 instrument has a mounting error of more than -1 degrees along-track.
C1 [Moradi, Isaac] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Meng, Huan; Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Bilanow, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wyle Informat Syst, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
RP Moradi, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM imoradi@umd.edu
RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Moradi,
Isaac/A-7539-2008
OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135;
Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Climatic
Data Center at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center,
University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006]
FX Manuscript received March 5, 2012; revised August 7, 2012 and September
18, 2012; accepted October 14, 2012. Date of publication January 22,
2013; date of current version May 16, 2013. This work was supported by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National
Climatic Data Center under Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute
for Climate and Satellites) at the Earth System Science
Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. The views, opinions,
and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and
should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position,
policy, or decision.
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 6
BP 3625
EP 3637
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225840
PN 2
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 171PK
UT WOS:000320941300013
ER
PT J
AU Soisuvarn, S
Jelenak, Z
Chang, PS
Alsweiss, SO
Zhu, Q
AF Soisuvarn, Seubson
Jelenak, Zorana
Chang, Paul S.
Alsweiss, Suleiman O.
Zhu, Qi
TI CMOD5.H-A High Wind Geophysical Model Function for C-Band Vertically
Polarized Satellite Scatterometer Measurements
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT); geophysical model function (GMF); high
winds; ocean vector winds; QuikSCAT
ID KU-BAND; TROPICAL CYCLONES; OCEAN; ASCAT; VALIDATION; RADIOMETER;
IMPACT; RAIN; BUOY
AB The Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on the MetOp-A satellite is a radar instrument designed specifically to retrieve the ocean surface wind speed and direction. The ASCAT wind vector products are produced and utilized operationally in support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s weather forecasting and warning mission. The standard ASCAT winds at NOAA are produced using the ASCAT wind data processor developed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) utilizing the CMOD5.n geophysical model function (GMF). Recent validation of the ASCAT wind retrievals revealed a low bias at high wind speeds when compared to both the QuikSCAT winds and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction numerical weather prediction (NWP) model winds. The goal of this paper is to investigate the ASCAT high-wind-speed performance and to modify, as appropriate, the high-wind-speed portion of CMOD5.n GMF. This effort would potentially improve the utility of ASCAT wind retrievals in supporting wind warning and analysis and thus better mitigate the loss of QuikSCAT data products. Traditionally, the GMF is developed empirically by collocating scatterometer measurements and other truth data such as buoy and NWP model winds. However, NWP models are known to underestimate the intensity of higher wind speeds, and data sources such as ship-based or buoy-based observations provide an inadequate quantity of measurements for empirical GMF development. In this paper, a method utilizing aircraft-based scatterometer measurements in the high-wind-speed regimes is used in conjunction with satellite scatterometer measurements to refine the satellite GMF. As a result of this paper, a high wind C-band satellite GMF, CMOD5.h, was developed and implemented in NOAA's ASCAT processor. The validation comparison of the high wind and standard ASCAT wind products revealed 0.6-m/s reduction in the wind speed bias for winds greater than 15 m/s with respect to QuikSCAT, WindSat, and Step Frequency Microwave Radiometer high wind measurements.
C1 [Soisuvarn, Seubson; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul S.; Alsweiss, Suleiman O.; Zhu, Qi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Soisuvarn, S (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM seubson.soisuvarn@noaa.gov
RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Soisuvarn,
Seubson/R-8130-2016
OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938;
Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974
NR 47
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 14
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
EI 1558-0644
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 6
BP 3744
EP 3760
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2219871
PN 2
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 171PK
UT WOS:000320941300023
ER
PT J
AU Outcalt, SL
Lemmon, EW
AF Outcalt, Stephanie L.
Lemmon, Eric W.
TI Bubble-Point Measurements of Eight Binary Mixtures for Organic Rankine
Cycle Applications
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID WORKING FLUIDS; STATE; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS
AB The bubble-point pressures of two compositions of each of eight binary mixtures have been measured over a temperature range of 270 K to 380 K. Six of the mixtures included pentane, which was mixed with 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa); methyl perfluoropropyl ether (R-E347mcc); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone; 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R-141b); trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)); and dimethyl ether. The two remaining binary mixtures were 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone + methyl perfluoropropyl ether (R-E347mcc) and butane + R-245fa. Interaction parameters for a Helmholtz energy mixture model were fitted for each mixture. Bubble-point data are reported as well as mixture model parameters, along with deviations of the data from their respective equations. These mixtures are of interest as working fluids in organic Rankine power cycles.
C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM stephanie.outcalt@.nist.gov
FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0002770]; agency of the United States
government; Department of Energy (DOE)
FX We thank Drs. Tara Lovestead, Bret Windom, and Jason Widegren for
providing analysis of the pure fluids used to prepare the binary
mixtures studied in this work. This material is based upon work
supported by the Department of Energy [Geothermal Technologies Program]
under award DE-EE0002770 [Tailored Working Fluids for Enhanced
Geothermal Power Plants] to the United Technologies Research Center (PI:
Dr. Ahmad M. Mahmoud). This paper was prepared as an account of work
sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the
United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their
employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, process, or process disclosed,
or represents that its use would infringe privately owned rights.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service
by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not
necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or
favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The
views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily
reflect those of the United States government or any agencies thereof.
The authors are grateful for the support of the Department of Energy
(DOE).
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0021-9568
J9 J CHEM ENG DATA
JI J. Chem. Eng. Data
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 58
IS 6
BP 1853
EP 1860
DI 10.1021/je400251s
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 167OK
UT WOS:000320641100056
ER
PT J
AU DiNezio, PN
Vecchi, GA
Clement, AC
AF DiNezio, Pedro N.
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Clement, Amy C.
TI Detectability of Changes in the Walker Circulation in Response to Global
Warming
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atmospheric circulation; Southern Oscillation; Climate change; Radiative
forcing; Coupled models; Model comparison
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
VARIABILITY; ENSO; OCEAN; CYCLE
AB Changes in the gradients in sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) along the equatorial Pacific are analyzed in observations and 101 numerical experiments performed with 37 climate models participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The ensemble of numerical experiments simulates changes in the earth's climate during the 1870-2004 period in response to changes in natural (solar variations and volcanoes) and anthropogenic (well-mixed greenhouse gases, ozone, direct aerosol forcing, and land use) radiative forcings. A reduction in the zonal SLP gradient is present in observational records and is the typical response of the ensemble, yet only 26 out of the 101 experiments exhibit a reduced SLP gradient within 95% statistical confidence of the observed value. The multimodel response indicates a reduction of the Walker circulation to historical forcings, albeit an order of magnitude smaller than the observed value. There are multiple nonexclusive interpretations of these results: (i) the observed trend may not be entirely forced and includes a substantial component from internal variability; (ii) there are problems with the observational record that lead to a spuriously large trend; and (iii) the strength of the Walker circulation, as measured by the zonal SLP gradient, may be less sensitive to external forcing in models than in the real climate system. Analysis of a subset of experiments suggests that greenhouse gases act to weaken the circulation, but aerosol forcing drives a strengthening of the circulation, which appears to be overestimated by the models, resulting in a muted response to the combined anthropogenic forcings.
C1 [DiNezio, Pedro N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Clement, Amy C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM pdn@hawaii.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X
FU NSF [AGS 1203754, AGS0946225]; University of Hawaii at Manoa; NOAA
[NA10OAR4310204]; DOE [DESC0004897]
FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on
Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the
climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model
output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate
Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and
led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the
Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. P. N. DiNezio was
supported by NSF (Grant AGS 1203754) and the University of Hawaii at
Manoa. AC was supported by NSF (AGS0946225), NOAA (NA10OAR4310204), and
DOE (DESC0004897).
NR 27
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 12
BP 4038
EP 4048
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00531.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 170WI
UT WOS:000320885300004
ER
PT J
AU Colbert, AJ
Soden, BJ
Vecchi, GA
Kirtman, BP
AF Colbert, Angela J.
Soden, Brian J.
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Kirtman, Ben P.
TI The Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on North Atlantic Tropical
Cyclone Tracks
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE Tropical cyclones; Climate change
ID INTENSITY; MODEL
AB The authors examine the change in tropical cyclone (TC) tracks that results from projected changes in the large-scale steering flow and genesis location from increasing greenhouse gases. Tracks are first simulated using a Beta and Advection Model (BAM) and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis winds for all TCs that formed in the North Atlantic Ocean's Main Development Region (MDR) for the period 1950-2010. Changes in genesis location and large-scale steering flow are then estimated from an ensemble mean of 17 models from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) for the A1b emissions scenario. The BAM simulations are then repeated with these changes to estimate how the TC tracks would respond to increased greenhouse gases. As the climate warms, the models project a weakening of the subtropical easterlies as well as an eastward shift in genesis location. This results in a statistically significant decrease in straight-moving (westward) storm tracks of similar to 5.5% and an increase in recurving (open ocean) tracks of similar to 5.5%. These track changes decrease TC counts over the southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean by 1-1.5 decade(-1) and increase counts over the central Atlantic by 1-1.5 decade(-1). Changes in the large-scale steering flow account for a vast majority of the projected changes in TC trajectories.
C1 [Colbert, Angela J.; Soden, Brian J.; Kirtman, Ben P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Colbert, AJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM acolbert@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X
FU NOAA/Climate Program Office
FX This research was partially supported by the NOAA/Climate Program
Office. We thank Chris Landsea, Amy Clement, and three anonymous
reviewers for their comments.
NR 21
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U1 4
U2 27
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 12
BP 4088
EP 4095
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00342.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 170WI
UT WOS:000320885300007
ER
PT J
AU Wang, KC
Dickinson, RE
Ma, Q
Augustine, JA
Wild, M
AF Wang, Kaicun
Dickinson, Robert E.
Ma, Qian
Augustine, John A.
Wild, Martin
TI Measurement Methods Affect the Observed Global Dimming and Brightening
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE Shortwave radiation; Data quality control; Instrumentation; sensors;
Surface observations; Climate variability; Decadal variability
ID RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; SOLAR-RADIATION; EARTHS SURFACE; ABSORPTION;
PYRANOMETERS; IRRADIANCE; CLOUDS; SURFRAD; ENERGY; TRENDS
AB Surface incident solar radiation G determines our climate and environment, and has been widely observed with a single pyranometer since the late 1950s. Such observations have suggested a widespread decrease between the 1950s and 1980s (global dimming), that is, at a rate of -3.5 W m(-2) decade(-1) (or -2% decade(-1)) from 1960 to 1990. Since the early 1990s, the diffuse and direct components of G have been measured independently, and a more accurate G has been calculated by summing these two measurements. Data from this summation method suggest that G increased at a rate of 6.6 W m(-2) decade(-1) (3.6% decade(-1)) from 1992 to 2002 (brightening) at selected sites. The brightening rates from these studies were also higher than those from a single pyranometer. In this paper, the authors used 17 years (1995-2011) of parallel measurements by the two methods from nearly 50 stations to test whether these two measurement methods of G provide similar long-term trends. The results show that although measurements of G by the two methods agree very well on a monthly time scale, the long-term trend from 1995 to 2011 determined by the single pyranometer is 2-4 W m(-2) decade(-1) less than that from the summation method. This difference of trends in the observed G is statistically significant. The dependence of trends of G on measurement methods uncovered here has an important implication for the widely reported global dimming and brightening based on datasets collected by different measurement methods; that is, the dimming might have been less if measured with current summation methods.
C1 [Wang, Kaicun] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Dickinson, Robert E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA.
[Ma, Qian] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Augustine, John A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Wild, Martin] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Wang, KC (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM kcwang@bnu.edu.cn
RI Yu, Miao/J-2965-2013; Wang, Kaicun/F-7813-2012; Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012
OI Wang, Kaicun/0000-0002-7414-5400;
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955302]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [41175126]
FX Kaicun Wang is funded by the National Basic Research Program of China
(2012CB955302) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(41175126). We thank Drs. Ellsworth G. Dutton, Charles N. Long, and
Kevin E. Trenberth for their helpful comments. We thank the three
anonymous reviewers for their insightful and thorough comments, which
substantially improved our paper. This paper was edited by Robert Wood.
NR 27
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 12
BP 4112
EP 4120
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00482.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 170WI
UT WOS:000320885300009
ER
PT J
AU Fu, XH
Lee, JY
Wang, B
Wang, WQ
Vitart, F
AF Fu, Xiouhua
Lee, June-Yi
Wang, Bin
Wang, Wanqiu
Vitart, Frederic
TI Intraseasonal Forecasting of the Asian Summer Monsoon in Four
Operational and Research Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE Asia; Tropics; Forecast verification; skill; Numerical weather
prediction; forecasting; Coupled models; Intraseasonal variability
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EXTENDED-RANGE PREDICTION; SEA-SURFACE
TEMPERATURE; MJO PREDICTION; ECMWF MODEL; CLIMATE; PREDICTABILITY;
SKILL; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM
AB The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is a dominant tropical mode with a period of 30-60 days, which offers an opportunity for intraseasonal forecasting of the Asian summer monsoon. The present study provides a preliminary, yet up-to-date, assessment of the prediction skill of the BSISO in four state-of-the-art models: the ECMWF model, the University of Hawaii (UH) model, the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), and version 1 for the 2008 summer (CFSv1), which is a common year of two international programs: the Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) and Asian Monsoon Years (AMY). The mean prediction skill over the global tropics and Southeast Asia for first three models reaches about 1-2 (3) weeks for BSISO-related rainfall (850-hPa zonal wind), measured as the lead time when the spatial anomaly correlation coefficient drops to 0.5. The skill of CFSv1 is consistently lower than the other three. The strengths and weaknesses of the CFSv2, UH, and ECMWF models in forecasting the BSISO for this specific year are further revealed. The ECMWF and UH have relatively better performance for northward-propagating BSISO when the initial convection is near the equator, although they suffer from an early false BSISO onset when initial convection is in the off-equatorial monsoon trough. However, CFSv2 does not have a false onset problem when the initial convection is in monsoon trough, but it does have a problem with very slow northward propagation. After combining the forecasts of CFSv2 and UH into an equal-weighted multimodel ensemble, the resultant skill is slightly better than that of individual models. An empirical model shows a comparable skill with the dynamical models. A combined dynamical-empirical ensemble advances the intraseasonal forecast skill of BSISO-related rainfall to three weeks.
C1 [Fu, Xiouhua; Lee, June-Yi; Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wang, Wanqiu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Vitart, Frederic] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
RP Fu, XH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd,POST Bldg 409D, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM xfu@hawaii.edu
FU NOAA [NA11OAR4310096, NA10OAR 4310247]; National Science Foundation
[AGS-1005599]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
(JAMSTEC); NASA; NOAA; Asia-Pacific Economic Commission (APEC) Climate
Center; China Meteorological Administration (CMA) project
[GYHY201206016]
FX This work was sponsored by NOAA (NA11OAR4310096 and NA10OAR 4310247) and
National Science Foundation (AGS-1005599), and by the Japan Agency for
Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA, and NOAA through
their supports of the IPRC. Additional supports are from the
Asia-Pacific Economic Commission (APEC) Climate Center and China
Meteorological Administration (CMA) project (GYHY201206016). Comments
from four anonymous reviewers greatly helped improve the manuscript.
NR 81
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U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 12
BP 4186
EP 4203
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00252.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 170WI
UT WOS:000320885300014
ER
PT J
AU Doi, T
Vecchi, GA
Rosati, AJ
Delworth, TL
AF Doi, Takeshi
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Rosati, Anthony J.
Delworth, Thomas L.
TI Response to CO2 Doubling of the Atlantic Hurricane Main Development
Region in a High-Resolution Climate Model
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic Ocean; Hurricanes; Air-sea interaction; Radiative forcing;
Climate models; Interannual variability
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; SST VARIABILITY; OCEAN;
SIMULATION; MECHANISMS; PACIFIC; BIASES; ICE
AB Response of climate conditions in the Atlantic hurricane main development region (MDR) to doubling of atmospheric CO2 has been explored using the new high-resolution coupled climate model, version 2.5 (CM2.5), developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). In the annual mean, the SST in the MDR warms by about 2 degrees C in the CO2 doubling run relative to the control run; the trade winds become weaker in the northern tropical Atlantic and the rainfall increases over the ITCZ and its northern region. The amplitude of the annual cycle of the SST over the MDR is not significantly changed by CO2 doubling. However, the authors find that the interannual variations show significant responses to CO2 doubling; the seasonal maximum peak of the interannual variations of the SST over the MDR is about 25% stronger than in the control run. The enhancement of the interannual variations of the SST in the MDR is caused by changes in effectiveness of the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) positive feedback; WES remains a positive feedback until boreal early summer in the CO2 doubling run. The enhancement of the interannual variability of the SST over the MDR in boreal early summer due to CO2 doubling could lead to serious damages associated with the Atlantic hurricane count and drought (or flood) in the Sahel and South America in a future climate.
C1 [Doi, Takeshi] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Doi, Takeshi; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Rosati, Anthony J.; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Doi, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM takeshi.doi@noaa.gov
RI Doi, Takeshi/C-1989-2013; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Delworth,
Thomas/C-5191-2014
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X;
NR 51
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U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 12
BP 4322
EP 4334
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00110.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 170WI
UT WOS:000320885300022
ER
PT J
AU Msadek, R
Johns, WE
Yeager, SG
Danabasoglu, G
Delworth, TL
Rosati, A
AF Msadek, Rym
Johns, William E.
Yeager, Stephen G.
Danabasoglu, Gokhan
Delworth, Thomas L.
Rosati, Anthony
TI The Atlantic Meridional Heat Transport at 26.5 degrees N and Its
Relationship with the MOC in the RAPID Array and the GFDL and NCAR
Coupled Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
DE North Atlantic Ocean; Mass fluxes; transport; Meridional overturning
circulation; Ocean dynamics; Climate models
ID OCEAN HEAT; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; CLIMATE MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; CCSM4; CYCLE; FLUX
AB The link at 26.5 degrees N between the Atlantic meridional heat transport (MHT) and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is investigated in two climate models, the GFDL Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) and the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4), and compared with the recent observational estimates from the Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID-MOCHA) array. Despite a stronger-than-observed MOC magnitude, both models underestimate the mean MHT at 26.5 degrees N because of an overly diffuse thermocline. Biases result from errors in both overturning and gyre components of the MHT. The observed linear relationship between MHT and MOC at 26.5 degrees N is realistically simulated by the two models and is mainly due to the overturning component of the MHT. Fluctuations in overturning MHT are dominated by Ekman transport variability in CM2.1 and CCSM4, whereas baroclinic geostrophic transport variability plays a larger role in RAPID. CCSM4, which has a parameterization of Nordic Sea overflows and thus a more realistic North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) penetration, shows smaller biases in the overturning heat transport than CM2.1 owing to deeper NADW at colder temperatures. The horizontal gyre heat transport and its sensitivity to the MOC are poorly represented in both models. The wind-driven gyre heat transport is northward in observations at 26.5 degrees N, whereas it is weakly southward in both models, reducing the total MHT. This study emphasizes model biases that are responsible for the too-weak MHT, particularly at the western boundary. The use of direct MHT observations through RAPID allows for identification of the source of the too-weak MHT in the two models, a bias shared by a number of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) coupled models.
C1 [Msadek, Rym; Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Johns, William E.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA.
[Yeager, Stephen G.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Msadek, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08640 USA.
EM rym.msadek@noaa.gov
RI Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
OI Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815;
FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA/GFDL; NOAA Climate Program Office
under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant
[NA09OAR4310163]; National Science Foundation; NSF Grant [OCE-0728108]
FX Julie Deshayes and Ruth Curry are highly acknowledged for providing the
PAGO diagnostic package (http://www.whoi.edu/science/PO/pago/) (Deshayes
et al. 2012, manuscript submitted to J. Climate) used to compute the
CM2.1 heat transport components. The HydroBase climatology was kindly
provided by Ruth Curry. We thank Steve Griffies, Andrew Wittenberg,
Takeshi Doi, and three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments that
helped improve previous versions of the manuscript. Rym Msadek is
supported by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office administered
by the Visiting Scientist Program of UCAR and NOAA/GFDL. This work is
partly funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate
Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA09OAR4310163. NCAR is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Support for W. Johns's
participation was provided through NSF Grant OCE-0728108.
NR 39
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U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 12
BP 4335
EP 4356
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00081.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 170WI
UT WOS:000320885300023
ER
PT J
AU Francke, DL
Hargrove, SA
Vetter, EW
Winn, CD
Balazs, GH
Hyrenbach, KD
AF Francke, Devon L.
Hargrove, Stacy A.
Vetter, Eric W.
Winn, Christopher D.
Balazs, George H.
Hyrenbach, K. David
TI Behavior of juvenile green turtles in a coastal neritic habitat:
Validating time-depth-temperature records using visual observations
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chelonia mydas; Diving behavior; Foraging; Green sea turtle; TDR; Visual
observation
ID FLIPPER BEAT FREQUENCY; ANIMAL-BORNE VIDEO; CHELONIA-MYDAS L; DIVING
BEHAVIOR; DIVE PROFILES; SEA-TURTLES; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; ASCENSION
ISLAND; CARETTA-CARETTA; CORAL-REEF
AB There are inherent limitations to inferring green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.) diving behavior from time-depth recorders (TDRs). Validating TDR data with independent observations of turtle behaviors is imperative to derive behavioral inferences from these archival data. Logistic regressions of video observational data and corresponding TDR data from six juvenile green turtles at the Kawai'nui Marsh Estuary (KME) in Kailua Bay, O'ahu, Hawai'i, were used to determine the extent to which TDR records capture six specific behaviors recorded using a submersible video camera. While foraging, food searching, hovering, and breathing could be explained using a combination of TDR-derived metrics, the records could not describe swimming and resting. The habitat associations of turtle activity patterns (activities) were also evaluated, with some behaviors being more commonly encountered in specific habitat types, including resting and breathing. Comparison of video-recorded in situ observations of juvenile green turtles to concurrent TDR records indicated that TDR data alone can accurately describe certain turtle behaviors at KME, but are insufficient to describe a turtle's full range of behavior. Therefore, we contend that direct behavioral observations augment TDR deployments by ensuring the full behavioral repertoire of juvenile green turtles is captured. The integration of these disparate datasets can enhance the understanding of juvenile green turtle behaviors, especially within shallow heterogeneous habitats like the Kawai'nui Marsh Estuary. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Francke, Devon L.; Vetter, Eric W.; Winn, Christopher D.; Hyrenbach, K. David] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Francke, Devon L.; Hargrove, Stacy A.; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Marine Turtle Res Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Hargrove, Stacy A.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Francke, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Turtle Res Program, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM devon.francke@gmail.com; Stacy.Hargrove@noaa.gov; evetter@hpu.edu;
cwinn@hpu.edu; gbalazs@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu; khyrenbach@hpu.edu
FU Hawai'i Pacific University; World Turtle Trust
FX Funding was provided by Hawai'i Pacific University, the World Turtle
Trust, and private donations. K. Arthur, B. Asuncion, J. Bennett, S.
Bovia, J. Lopez, S. Lyday, P. Michael, M. Mocaer, A. Titmus, and M.
Hester provided extensive assistance with field work and added
thoughtful commentary to the project. A. Friedlander provided field
research support. The Churchill, Perry, and Scherman Families provided
logistical support for field work. G. Hays, J. Keller, M. Rice, S.
Shumway, and T. Todd Jones are gratefully acknowledged for their
invaluable feedback, advice, and assistance with the manuscript. [SS]
NR 62
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U1 0
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
EI 1879-1697
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 444
BP 55
EP 65
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.03.011
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 165NJ
UT WOS:000320490300008
ER
PT J
AU Mourtada, F
Zimmerman, BE
AF Mourtada, Firas
Zimmerman, Brian E.
TI Special Issue on clinical uses of Ga-68 for PET Imaging Preface
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Mourtada, Firas] Helen F Graham Canc Ctr, Newark, DE USA.
[Zimmerman, Brian E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mourtada, F (reprint author), Helen F Graham Canc Ctr, Newark, DE USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 76
SI SI
BP 1
EP 1
DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.05.001
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 164OA
UT WOS:000320418200001
ER
PT J
AU Zimmerman, BE
AF Zimmerman, B. E.
TI Current status and future needs for standards of radionuclides used in
positron emission tomography
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Article
DE Fluorine-18; Gallium-68; Germanium-68; PET; Standards; Traceability
ID DOSE CALIBRATOR SETTINGS; NUCLEAR-MEDICINE; DECAY-SCHEME; CU-64;
GENERATOR; NUCLIDES; I-124
AB Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is being increasingly used as a quantitative technique for detecting disease and monitoring patient progress during treatment. To ensure the validity of the quantitative information derived from the imaging data, it is imperative that all radioactivity measurements that are part of the imaging procedure be traceable to national or international standards. This paper reviews the current status of standards for positron emitting radionuclides (e.g., F-18, Ge-68/Ga-68, and I-124) and suggests needs for future work. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bez@nist.gov
NR 34
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U1 1
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 76
SI SI
BP 31
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.09.011
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 164OA
UT WOS:000320418200005
PM 23078834
ER
PT J
AU Saul, SE
Walter, JF
Die, DJ
Naarc, DF
Donahue, BT
AF Saul, S. E.
Walter, J. F., III
Die, D. J.
Naarc, D. F.
Donahue, B. T.
TI Modeling the spatial distribution of commercially important reef fishes
on the West Florida Shelf
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Spatial autocorrelation; Variogram; CPUE; Grouper; Snapper
ID SNAPPER LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RED SNAPPER; MOVEMENT
PATTERNS; VERMILION SNAPPER; HOME-RANGE; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; HABITAT
UTILIZATION; ARTIFICIAL REEFS; SITE FIDELITY
AB Understanding the spatial distribution of a species is an important precondition to successfully managing marine populations. For reef fishes, this is of particular importance due to the patchy nature of reef communities. This study estimated the spatial distribution of five reef fish species on the West Florida Shelf: gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), red grouper (Epinephelus mono), red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), and vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens). Estimation was done by combining large-scale fishery-dependent catch per unit of fishing effort with small scale fishery-independent video survey observation. Catch per unit of fishing effort was obtained from vessel logbook data while video observations of reef fish presence absence and relative abundance were made by stratified random sampling on known reef and hard-bottom habitat in the Gulf of Mexico. Relative abundance estimates showed different abundance patterns for the five species depending on depth and geographical area. Variogram modeling suggested that gag grouper, mutton snapper, and red grouper were spatially autocorrelated on reef or hard-bottom habitats at short ranges of between 0.87 and 0.95 km, while red and vermilion snapper were found to be randomly distributed. Range estimates for gag grouper, mutton snapper and red grouper were supported by variograms of depth soundings in the Gulf which produced range estimates of between 1.56 and 6.34 km. Combining the relative estimates of abundance from catch per unit of effort with the spatial autocorrelation parameters from video surveys allowed us to provide stochastic fish abundance estimates at scales of about 2 km(2). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Saul, S. E.; Walter, J. F., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Die, D. J.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Naarc, D. F.; Donahue, B. T.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Saul, SE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM steve.saul@noaa.gov
NR 67
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 51
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 143
BP 12
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.01.002
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 151WS
UT WOS:000319491700002
ER
PT J
AU Bacheler, NM
Schobernd, CM
Schobernd, ZH
Mitchell, WA
Berrane, DJ
Kellison, GT
Reichert, MJM
AF Bacheler, Nathan M.
Schobernd, Christina M.
Schobernd, Zeb H.
Mitchell, Warren A.
Berrane, David J.
Kellison, G. Todd
Reichert, Marcel J. M.
TI Comparison of trap and underwater video gears for indexing reef fish
presence and abundance in the southeast United States
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Sampling gears; Index of abundance; Trap survey; Video survey; Red
snapper
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS;
CAPTURE PROCESSES; DEMERSAL FISHES; ENTERING TRAPS; CATCH; SNAPPER;
GROUPER
AB It is challenging to manage reef fish species in the Southeast U.S. Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (SUSLME) due to life history strategies that make them vulnerable to overexploitation, difficulty of sampling reef fish in high-relief hard bottom habitats, and fluctuations in utility of fishery-dependent data. In response to declines in fishery-dependent data due to fishery closures, fishery-independent sampling of reef fish has become even more critical to stock assessment. Here we test whether a long-term chevron trapping survey could benefit from the addition of underwater video cameras. Sampling occurred on continental shelf and shelf break habitats (15-83 m deep) between northern Georgia and central Florida. Reef fish frequency of occurrence was significantly higher on video compared to traps for 11 of 15 species analyzed, and the increase ranged from 38% to infinity for these 11 species. Frequency of occurrence for the four remaining species was not significantly different between traps and video. Although positive relationships were observed between log-transformed trap and video indices of abundance for five selected reef fish species, considerable amounts of unexplained variation existed and the relationship for three species was nonlinear. Underwater video can be a beneficial addition to a long-term trapping survey by increasing the frequency of occurrence for most reef fish species, which should translate into improved indices of reef fish abundance in the SUSLME. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.; Schobernd, Christina M.; Schobernd, Zeb H.; Mitchell, Warren A.; Berrane, David J.; Kellison, G. Todd] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Reichert, Marcel J. M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov; christina.schobernd@noaa.gov;
zeb.schobernd@noaa.gov; warren.mitchell@noaa.gov;
david.berrane@noaa.gov; todd.kellison@noaa.gov; ReichertM@dnr.sc.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA06NMF4540093, NA06NMF4350021]
FX We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Savannah and NOAA Ship Nancy
Foster, MARMAP staff, and numerous volunteers for making the field work
possible. We also thank M. Duval, A. Hohn, P. Marraro, K. Shertzer, and
two anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of the
manuscript. This work was supported, in part, by funds provided by
National Marine Fisheries Service (award numbers NA06NMF4540093 and
NA06NMF4350021). This is contribution 702 of the South Carolina Marine
Resources Center. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names,
products, software, or models, whether commercially available or not, is
for informative purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement by
the U.S. Government, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, or the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.
NR 48
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 143
BP 81
EP 88
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.01.013
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 151WS
UT WOS:000319491700008
ER
PT J
AU Lomeli, MJM
Wakefield, WW
AF Lomeli, Mark J. M.
Wakefield, W. Waldo
TI A flexible sorting grid to reduce Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus
stenolepis) bycatch in the US west coast groundfish bottom trawl fishery
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bycatch reduction device; Flexible sorting grid; Pacific halibut; Bottom
trawl
ID SELECTIVE FLATFISH TRAWL; HERDING BEHAVIOR; SIZE SELECTION; DIEL
VARIATION; DEVICES BRDS; NORTH-SEA; ROCKFISH; NIGHT; CATCHABILITY;
MERLUCCIUS
AB This study examined a flexible sorting grid excluder designed to reduce Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) bycatch in the US west coast groundfish bottom trawl fishery. Tests occurred off Washington during 2011 aboard a commercial trawler. A recapture net was used to quantify the retention rates of target and non-target species. Pacific halibut bycatch was reduced 61.6% by weight and 57.0% by numbers. Exclusion was greatest for Pacific halibut weighing more than 4.5 kg. A significant difference in the mean total length was also noted between Pacific halibut caught in the codend and the recapture net, with larger fish occurring in the recapture net. The retention of primary target groundfishes of marketable-size ranged from 76.7 to 89.3%. We demonstrated the capability of a flexible sorting grid excluder to reduce Pacific halibut bycatch in the groundfish bottom trawl fishery while retaining a relatively high proportion of the targeted species. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lomeli, Mark J. M.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Wakefield, W. Waldo] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Lomeli, MJM (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM mlomeli@psmfc.org
FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering
Program
FX We would like to thank the captain and crew of the F/V Miss Leona for
their assistance with this research. We would also like to thank Craig
Rose (NOAA Fisheries-Alaska Fisheries Science Center), John Gauvin
(Gauvin and Associates), and Dantrawl Inc. as they played important
roles in developing this project, Andi Stephens (NOM Fisheries-Northwest
Fisheries Science Center) for assisting with the GLMM analysis, and the
internal (Jason Jannot, NOAA Fisheries-Northwest Fisheries Science
Center) and external reviewers who critically reviewed and contributed
to this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA National
Marine Fisheries Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 143
BP 102
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.01.017
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 151WS
UT WOS:000319491700011
ER
PT J
AU Williams, K
Wilson, CD
Horne, JK
AF Williams, Kresimir
Wilson, Chris D.
Horne, John K.
TI Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) behavior in midwater trawls
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Walleye pollock; Stereo-cameras; DIDSON; Fish behavior; Midwater trawl
ID FISH; AVOIDANCE; ABUNDANCE; LIGHT; SIZE; GEAR; NET; COD
AB Trawls are standard tools for surveying fisheries resources, yet they are selective in what they retain, and thus provide potentially misleading information about fish populations. In order to evaluate the potential for selective retention in a midwater survey trawl used in conjunction with acoustic surveys of walleye pollock, fish behavior was examined using an integrated approach of optical, acoustic and recapture net methods. A stereo-camera system was used to provide length, position and orientation information, and a dual-frequency identification sonar was used to track fish targets in the trawl. Fish escaping the trawl were sampled using recapture, or pocket, nets mounted to the outside of the trawl. Most fish were found to be oriented along the main trawl axis, facing the forward trawl opening. Nearest distance to the trawl panel did not appear to be length-dependent, however, at night when ambient light levels were lower, fish maintained less distance to the trawl panel compared to daytime observations. Consequently, significantly more fish escapes occurred at lower light levels. Trajectories of fish escaping the trawl were highly variable compared with fish that herded into the net, or those whose retention state was unknown. Greatest escapement into pocket nets was observed from the bottom panel of the trawl at night. These findings suggest that survey trawl samples will be less biased due to selectivity when trawls are conducted during the day. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Williams, Kresimir; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Williams, Kresimir; Wilson, Chris D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Williams, K (reprint author), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA.
EM kresimir.williams@noaa.gov; chris.wilson@noaa.gov;
jhorne@u.washington.edu
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 143
BP 109
EP 118
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.01.016
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 151WS
UT WOS:000319491700012
ER
PT J
AU Kedzierski, MA
AF Kedzierski, Mark A.
TI Viscosity and density of aluminum oxide nanolubricant
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID
LA English
DT Article
DE Colloidal suspension; Density; Lubricant; Viscosity; Water chiller
ID NANOPARTICLES; SIZE
AB This paper presents liquid kinematic viscosity and density measurements of a synthetic polyolester-based aluininum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticle dispersion (nanolubricant) at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 288 K-318 K. Two Al2O3 particles diameters were investigated: approximately 60 nm and 10 nm. A good dispersion of the spherical nanoparticles in the lubricant was maintained with a surfactant. Viscosity and density measurements were made for the neat lubricant along with twelve nanolubricants with differing nanoparticle and surfactant mass fractions. A new model was developed to predict the kinematic viscosity of the nanolubricant by summing the viscosities of the nanoparticle, the surfactant and the base lubricant. The resulting correlated model for the liquid kinematic viscosity was a function of temperature, nanoparticle mass fraction, surfactant mass fraction, and nanoparticle diameter. The measurements are important for the design of nanolubricants for heat transfer and flow applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 863, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Mark.Kedzierski@nist.gov
FU NIST
FX This work was funded by NIST. Thanks go to the following NIST personnel
for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the manuscript:
M. McLinden and A. Persily. The author extends appreciation to Mr. W.
Guthrie and Mr. A. Heckert of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division
for their consultations on the uncertainty analysis. The viscometer was
operated by D. Wilmering of KT Consulting at the NIST laboratory. The
nanolubricants were manufactured especially for NIST by Nanophase
Technologies using the base lubricant, RL68H, which was supplied by CPI
Engineering Services.
NR 18
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0140-7007
J9 INT J REFRIG
JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 36
IS 4
BP 1333
EP 1340
DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.02.017
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 156WV
UT WOS:000319855500018
ER
PT J
AU Shamsetdinov, FN
Zaripov, Z
Abdulagatov, IM
Huber, ML
Gumerov, FM
Gabitov, FR
Kazakov, AF
AF Shamsetdinov, F. N.
Zaripov, Z. I.
Abdulagatov, I. M.
Huber, M. L.
Gumerov, F. M.
Gabitov, F. R.
Kazakov, A. F.
TI Experimental study of the thermal conductivity of ammonia plus water
refrigerant mixtures at temperatures from 278 K to 356 K and at
pressures up to 20 MPa
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID
LA English
DT Article
DE Ammonia; Ammonia-water; Correlation models; Thermal conductivity; Water
ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DENSITIES; FORMULATION; VISCOSITY; RANGE
AB The thermal conductivity of binary ammonia + water mixtures was measured over the temperature range from 278 K to 356 K and at pressures to 20 MPa using the steady-state hot-wire method. Measurements were made for ten compositions over the entire concentration range from 0 to 1 mole fraction of ammonia, namely, 0.0, 0.1905, 0.2683, 0.3002, 0.4990, 0.5030, 0.6704, 0.7832, 0.9178, and 1.0 mole fraction of ammonia. In total, 316 experimental data points were obtained. The expanded uncertainty, with a coverage factor of k = 2, of the thermal conductivity, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements is estimated to be 3%, 0.05%, 0.02 K, and 0.0014%, respectively. The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the measured and calculated reference values for pure water and ammonia is 1.3% and 1.4%, respectively. Correlation models for the thermal conductivity of liquid ammonia + water mixtures were also developed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shamsetdinov, F. N.; Zaripov, Z. I.; Gumerov, F. M.; Gabitov, F. R.] Kazan Natl Res Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia.
[Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
[Huber, M. L.; Kazakov, A. F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
RI Zaripov, Zufar/B-1097-2014
FU IAPWS International Collaboration Project Award
FX Two of us (I.M.A.) and (F.M.S) thank the Thermophysical Properties
Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the
opportunity to work as a Guest Researchers at NIST during the course of
this research. This work was also supported by the IAPWS International
Collaboration Project Award (F.M.S.).
NR 48
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0140-7007
J9 INT J REFRIG
JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 36
IS 4
BP 1347
EP 1368
DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.02.008
PG 22
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 156WV
UT WOS:000319855500020
ER
PT J
AU Van Haverbeke, DR
Stone, DM
Coggins, LG
Pillow, MJ
AF Van Haverbeke, David R.
Stone, Dennis M.
Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.
Pillow, Michael J.
TI Long-Term Monitoring of an Endangered Desert Fish and Factors
Influencing Population Dynamics
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE humpback chub; Gila cypha; mark-recapture; Little Colorado River; Grand
Canyon; desert rivers and streams
ID NET CATCH RATES; COLORADO RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; HUMPBACK CHUB; NATIVE
FISHES; GILA-CYPHA; BLUEHEAD SUCKER; ARIZONA; TEMPERATURE; CATOSTOMIDAE
AB The lower perennial corridor of the Little Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, is numerically dominated by endemic desert fishes and therefore significant for conservation of these species. From 2000 to 2012, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted monitoring of native fishes in the Little Colorado River near its confluence with the Colorado River. The primary focus of these efforts was to estimate the spring and fall abundance of native fishes, especially the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha. Because humpback chub in Grand Canyon are influenced by operations of Glen Canyon Dam, our efforts provide managers of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program with abundance estimates and trends of humpback chub in the Little Colorado River, the most important tributary in Grand Canyon for spawning and production of this species. From 2001 to 2006, the spring abundance estimates of humpback chub >= 150 and >= 200 mm remained relatively low (<= 3,419 and <= 2,002 fish, respectively), thereafter significantly increasing to highs of 8,083 and 6,250, respectively, by spring 2010. Also from 2000 to 2006, the fall abundance estimates of humpback chub were substantially below those abundances estimated after 2006. In addition, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis and bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus showed post-2006 increases in relative abundance, suggesting a systemwide event occurred that was beneficial to native fishes. Most of the increases of humpback chub occurred during the spring season in the reaches of the Little Colorado River between 5 and 13.57 km upstream from the confluence. Successful production of age 0 year classes of humpback chub may be partially driven by hydrograph dynamics of the Little Colorado River, whereas water temperatures and predation pressures in the mainstem Colorado River likely influence survivorship of native fishes into subadult and adult life stages.
C1 [Van Haverbeke, David R.; Stone, Dennis M.; Pillow, Michael J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
[Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, South East Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Van Haverbeke, DR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arizona Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
EM randy_vanhaverbeke@fws.gov
FU USGS's Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center [01-3022-R1009]
FX Funding for this project was provided by the USGS's Grand Canyon
Monitoring and Research Center inter-agency acquisition 01-3022-R1009.
NR 44
TC 17
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 28
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 4
IS 1
BP 163
EP 177
DI 10.3996/082012-JFWM-071
PG 15
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 163AC
UT WOS:000320306700018
ER
PT J
AU Pivarnik, LF
Faustman, C
Suman, SP
Palmer, C
Richard, NL
Ellis, PC
DiLiberti, M
AF Pivarnik, Lori F.
Faustman, Cameron
Suman, Surendranath P.
Palmer, Catherine
Richard, Nicole L.
Ellis, P. Christopher
DiLiberti, Michael
TI Quality Assessment of Commercially Processed Carbon Monoxide-Treated
Tilapia Fillets
SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon monoxide; color; tilapia fillets; seafood quality
ID WOOD SMOKE TREATMENT; LIPID-OXIDATION; GADUS-MORHUA; FISH; COLOR;
PEROXIDE; STEAKS; MUSCLE; OZONE; BEEF
AB Carbon monoxide (CO) has been used to stabilize the color of fish muscle during frozen storage and distribution. This study compared changes in the quality profiles of CO-treated and untreated (UT) tilapia fillets stored at 21 to 22 degrees C (room temperature), 4 to 5 degrees C (refrigerated), and 0 degrees C (iced). Samples (n = 3) were analyzed at different time intervals for chemical, lipid oxidation, microbiological, color, and expert sensory profiles. CO samples contained greater (P < 0.05) apparent ammonia and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) at day 0, with greater (P < 0.05) TVB-N throughout refrigerated and iced storage. At time 0, peroxide values (POV) and thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were lower (P < 0.05) for CO samples and continued to have lower trends throughout all storage temperatures. Microbiological analysis at time 0 did not show any differences between UT and CO samples. Redness (a*) color values were greater (P < 0.05) in CO tilapia at time 0; however, treated product showed a more rapid decline in a* throughout all storage temperatures. While expert sensory evaluation showed no statistical differences between UT and CO tilapia at time 0, CO product failed sensory assessment sooner than UT product when stored refrigerated and in ice.
C1 [Pivarnik, Lori F.; Palmer, Catherine; Richard, Nicole L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, W Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
[Faustman, Cameron] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT USA.
[Suman, Surendranath P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY USA.
[Ellis, P. Christopher] Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Food Chem Lab, Providence, RI 02908 USA.
[DiLiberti, Michael] NOAA, Natl Tech Serv, USDC, NSIP, Gloucester, MA USA.
RP Pivarnik, LF (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, W Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
EM Pivarnik@uri.edu
OI Suman, Surendranath/0000-0001-7523-2146; Faustman,
Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907
FU Natl. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Natl. Marine Fisheries
Service (NOAA/NMFS) [NA16FD2301]; U.S. Dept. of Agriculture at the Univ.
of Rhode Island [5325]
FX This study was funded by Natl. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Natl. Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) under grant nr NA16FD2301.
The project was assigned contribution nr 5325 by the U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture at the Univ. of Rhode Island.
NR 43
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1147
EI 1750-3841
J9 J FOOD SCI
JI J. Food Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 78
IS 6
BP S902
EP S910
DI 10.1111/1750-3841.12145
PG 9
WC Food Science & Technology
SC Food Science & Technology
GA 167EV
UT WOS:000320614800016
PM 23772709
ER
PT J
AU Wong, WC
Zalesak, S
Yoets, A
Capriotti, J
Smith, MJ
Castro, VA
Pierson, DL
AF Wong, Wing C.
Zalesak, Selina
Yoets, Airan
Capriotti, Jason
Smith, Melanie J.
Castro, Victoria A.
Pierson, Duane L.
TI Engineering Case Report: Effectiveness of HEPA Filter Vacuum in Removing
Transient Microbial Contaminants on Cargo Bags Destined for the
International Space Station
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Wong, Wing C.; Yoets, Airan; Smith, Melanie J.; Castro, Victoria A.] Enterprise Advisory Serv, Houston, TX USA.
[Zalesak, Selina] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA.
[Wong, Wing C.; Capriotti, Jason] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pierson, Duane L.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
RP Wong, WC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wing.wong@nist.gov
FU NASA ISS [NAS9-02078]
FX The authors thank Rebekah Bruce and Thomas Molina of the Microbiology
Laboratory at NASA Johnson Space Center for their assistance in this
study. This study was supported by NASA ISS funding NAS9-02078.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1545-9624
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG
JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 6
BP D71
EP D75
DI 10.1080/15459624.2013.784179
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA 172DL
UT WOS:000320980100002
PM 23621341
ER
PT J
AU Jacobs, JM
Harrell, RM
Uphoff, J
Townsend, H
Hartman, K
AF Jacobs, John M.
Harrell, Reginal M.
Uphoff, Jim
Townsend, Howard
Hartman, Kyle
TI Biological Reference Points for the Nutritional Status of Chesapeake Bay
Striped Bass
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; MORONE-SAXATILIS; ATLANTIC COD; BODY-COMPOSITION;
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CONDITION INDEXES; WINTER
MORTALITY; RAINBOW-TROUT; MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS
AB The assessment of the nutritional status of fish is a central requirement of fisheries management. However, there has been little consensus on the appropriate indicator to use, and even less effort toward defining biological thresholds and reference points. With current efforts to manage fisheries in an ecosystem context, environmental effects and trophic relationships need to be considered and appropriate indicators developed. To address this concern, we compiled five different studies in which multiple indicators of nutritional status were applied to Striped Bass Morone saxatilis of different age-classes, geographical origins, and environments (cultured and wild). Proximate composition analysis was used to compare measured lipid concentrations in the anterior dorsal muscle against selected indicators, including Fulton's condition factor, relative weight, percent moisture, and an index of visceral body fat. The results suggest that weight-at-length indices are less sensitive than proximate analysis and poorly related to lipid concentration. However, models developed for both moisture and the body fat index adequately represent tissue lipids and offer clear thresholds of lipid depletion. We propose the use of the proportion of Striped Bass with anterior dorsal muscle composed of more than 80% moisture, or classified as having no observable visceral body fat, as a working protocol for thresholds of poor condition in ecosystem approaches to Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass management. Further, based on historical data we propose an interim target condition of 75% of individuals containing less than 80% moisture as a management goal. Received May 3, 2011; accepted December 19, 2012
C1 [Jacobs, John M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
[Harrell, Reginal M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Uphoff, Jim] Fisheries Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
[Townsend, Howard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
[Hartman, Kyle] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
RP Jacobs, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 South Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
EM john.jacobs@noaa.gov
NR 90
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U1 2
U2 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 33
IS 3
BP 468
EP 481
DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.763876
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 159CI
UT WOS:000320021200002
ER
PT J
AU Rosenberger, SJ
Connor, WP
Peery, CA
Milks, DJ
Schuck, ML
Hesse, JA
Smith, SG
AF Rosenberger, Stuart J.
Connor, William P.
Peery, Christopher A.
Milks, Deborah J.
Schuck, Mark L.
Hesse, Jay A.
Smith, Steven G.
TI Acclimation Enhances Postrelease Performance of Hatchery Fall Chinook
Salmon Subyearlings While Reducing the Potential for Interaction with
Natural Fish
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; SNAKE-RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; DELAYED MORTALITY; COLUMBIA RIVERS; STREAM
CHANNEL; RAINBOW-TROUT; YAKIMA RIVER; STEELHEAD
AB One form of prerelease acclimation of hatchery anadromous salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. juveniles is to truck the fish to remote points for extended holding at low densities in rearing vessels (e.g., tanks, raceways, or in-ground ponds) supplied with river water. We conducted a 3-year study to determine whether such acclimation enhanced the postrelease performance of hatchery fall Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha subyearlings and reduced the potential for interaction with natural fall Chinook Salmon subyearlings. In comparison with hatchery subyearlings that were released directly into the lower Snake River just downstream of the acclimation facility, acclimated hatchery subyearlings (1) passed downstream to Lower Monumental Dam (the third dam encountered during seaward migration) faster, (2) passed the dam earlier, and (3) survived from release to the dam tailrace at higher rates. The differences in downstream passage rate and dam passage timing were also much greater between acclimated hatchery subyearlings and natural subyearlings than between directly released hatchery subyearlings and natural subyearlings. Thus, acclimation provided a survival advantage to the hatchery fish while reducing the potential for (1) aggressive and nonaggressive social interactions with natural fish while in transit through the reservoirs associated with Lower Granite, Little Goose, and Lower Monumental dams; and (2) confinement with natural fish at those three dams, where fish collection and raceway holding were followed by transport in tanker trucks. Our findings support acclimation as a method for enhancing postrelease performance of hatchery fall Chinook Salmon subyearlings and reducing their potential interactions with natural conspecifics. Received July 25, 2012; accepted January 9, 2013
C1 [Rosenberger, Stuart J.] Idaho Power Co, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
[Connor, William P.; Peery, Christopher A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fishery Resource Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA.
[Milks, Deborah J.; Schuck, Mark L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Snake River Lab, Dayton, WA 99328 USA.
[Hesse, Jay A.] Nez Perce Tribe Dept Fisheries Resources Manageme, Lapwai, ID 83540 USA.
[Smith, Steven G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Rosenberger, SJ (reprint author), Idaho Power Co, 1221 Wesst Idaho St, Boise, ID 83702 USA.
EM srosenberger@idahopower.com
FU Bonneville Power Administration [199102900]
FX We thank our colleagues from BioMark, the Nez Perce Tribe Department of
Fisheries Resources, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Fisheries, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, whose efforts
contributed to the completion of this study. This study (and many other
studies we have conducted) would not have been possible without
assistance from Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission personnel,
including D. Marvin and N. Tancreto, who helped operate and maintain the
Columbia River Basin PIT Tag Information System. Anonymous peer review
greatly improved this manuscript. This study was funded in part by the
Bonneville Power Administration (Project 199102900) administered by D.
Docherty and J. George. The majority of the tagging costs were covered
by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under a contract administered by S.
Dunmire, D. Holecek, and J. George. The use of trade names does not
imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or other collaborating
agencies. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service or other collaborating agencies.
NR 57
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U1 2
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 33
IS 3
BP 519
EP 528
DI 10.1080/02755947.2013.768567
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 159CI
UT WOS:000320021200008
ER
PT J
AU Tassey, G
AF Tassey, Gregory
TI Beyond the business cycle: The need for a technology-based growth
strategy
SO SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE economic growth policy; technology; innovation; Schumpeter; R&D;
productivity
ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; COMPETITIVENESS
AB This paper assesses the limitations of monetary and fiscal policies for establishing long-term growth trajectories and instead proposes a technology-based economic strategy targeted at long-term growth in productivity. The model expands the original Schumpeterian concept of technology as the long-term driver of economic growth where technology is characterized as a homogeneous entity developed and commercialized solely by industry. Instead, the new model defines technology as a multi-element asset that evolves over several phases of the R&D cycle, is developed by a public private investment strategy, and is commercialized by a complex industry structure of both large and small firms. Eventually, the policy choice is between traditional macrostabilization policies that increase aggregate demand but do not significantly increase the real incomes of workers, resulting ultimately in inflation; or a technology-driven investment strategy that increases the productivity of the economy, thereby increasing the capacity of an economy to grow without inflation.
C1 NIST, Econ Anal Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tassey, G (reprint author), NIST, Econ Anal Off, Stop 1060,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM tassey@nist.gov
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 20
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0302-3427
J9 SCI PUBL POLICY
JI Sci. Public Policy
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 3
BP 293
EP 315
DI 10.1093/scipol/scs106
PG 23
WC Management; Planning & Development; Public Administration
SC Business & Economics; Public Administration
GA 168VX
UT WOS:000320737100002
ER
PT J
AU Bendersky, LA
Kazantseva, NV
Kattner, UR
Wang, K
Oleshko, VP
Hunter, D
Takeuchi, I
AF Bendersky, L. A.
Kazantseva, N. V.
Kattner, U. R.
Wang, K.
Oleshko, V. P.
Hunter, D.
Takeuchi, I.
TI Interfacial reaction of Co Fe films with SiO2 substrates
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Co-Fe films; Interfacial reaction; Fe2SiO4; Silicate SiO2; TEM
ID THIN METAL-FILMS; SYSTEM
AB The interdiffusion reaction between Co1-xFex deposited films of various compositions (x = 0.27, 0.32 and 0.50) and an amorphous SiO2 substrate during annealing in vacuum at 800 degrees C was identified by analytical transmission electron microscopy. The reaction results in the formation of Fe2SiO4 mixed silicate of olivine structure as an interfacial phase. The following microstructural changes occurring during this reaction are inferred: (a) recrystallization of as-deposited films during the 800 degrees C annealing results in large grains of the body centered cubic Co-Fe solid solution; (b) metals diffuse into the SiO2 substrate and nucleate grains of the Fe2SiO4 silicate along the film/SiO2 interface; (c) silicon and oxygen partially released during the reaction, in turn, diffuse into an unreacted metallic film and form precipitates of the (Co,Fe)(3)O-4 spinel phase and solid solution of Si in Co-Fe. To our best knowledge, the formation of silicates with olivine-type structure (known as fayalite for Fe) as products of the metal/SiO2 reaction has never been reported before. Thermodynamic evaluation of the reaction employing the semi-empirical CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method supports the experimental findings, although the reaction requires an excess of oxygen. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Bendersky, L. A.; Kazantseva, N. V.; Kattner, U. R.; Wang, K.; Oleshko, V. P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hunter, D.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Kazantseva, N. V.] Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia.
RP Bendersky, LA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM leoben@nist.gov
RI Kazantseva, Nataliya/I-7647-2013; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014
OI Kazantseva, Nataliya/0000-0002-4143-1064; Oleshko,
Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354
FU NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814, MML12-1053-N00]
FX VPO gratefully acknowledges the support from the NIST (Contracts
SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814 and Grant MML12-1053-N00). Robert Parke
from NIST is acknowledged for assistance with TEM sample preparation.
NR 33
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Z9 6
U1 2
U2 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 61
IS 11
BP 4180
EP 4190
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.044
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 162WI
UT WOS:000320296300026
ER
PT J
AU Wang, H
Pan, YT
Kumar, A
Wang, WQ
AF Wang Hui
Pan Yutong
Kumar, Arun
Wang Wanqiu
TI Modulation of convectively coupled Kelvin wave activity in the tropical
Pacific by ENSO
SO ACTA METEOROLOGICA SINICA
LA English
DT Article
DE convectively coupled Kelvin waves; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO);
outgoing longwave radiation (OLR); empirical orthogonal function (EOF);
power spectra
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL WAVES; EASTERN-PACIFIC;
DEEP CONVECTION; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; ITCZ
AB The influence of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the convectively coupled Kelvin waves over the tropical Pacific is investigated by comparing the Kelvin wave activity in the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio, central Pacific (CP) El Nio, and La Nia years, respectively, to 30-yr (1982-2011) mean statistics. The convectively coupled Kelvin waves in this study are represented by the two leading modes of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of 2-25-day band-pass filtered daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), with the estimated zonal wavenumber of 3 or 4, period of 8 days, and eastward propagating speed of 17 m s(-1). The most significant impact of ENSO on the Kelvin wave activity is the intensification of the Kelvin waves during the EP El Nios. The impact of La Nia on the reduction of the Kelvin wave intensity is relatively weaker, reflecting the nonlinearity of tropical deep convection and the associated Kelvin waves in response to ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The impact of the CP El Nio on the Kelvin waves is less significant due to relatively weaker SST anomalies and smaller spatial coverage. ENSO may also alter the frequency, wavelength, and phase speed of the Kelvin waves. This study demonstrates that low-frequency ENSO SST anomalies modulate high-frequency tropical disturbances, an example of weather-climate linkage.
C1 [Wang Hui; Kumar, Arun; Wang Wanqiu] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Wang Hui] Wyle Sci, Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA.
[Pan Yutong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM hui.wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008
NR 31
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0894-0525
J9 ACTA METEOROL SIN
JI Acta Meteorol. Sin.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 27
IS 3
BP 295
EP 307
DI 10.1007/s13351-013-0306-5
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 165GZ
UT WOS:000320472900001
ER
PT J
AU Mangel, M
MacCall, AD
Brodziak, J
Dick, EJ
Forrest, RE
Pourzand, R
Ralston, S
AF Mangel, Marc
MacCall, Alec D.
Brodziak, Jon
Dick, E. J.
Forrest, Robyn E.
Pourzand, Roxanna
Ralston, Stephen
TI A perspective on steepness, reference points, and stock assessment
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID NEW-ENGLAND GROUNDFISH; WEST-COAST; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RECRUITMENT
RELATIONSHIP; NATURAL MORTALITY; ASSESSMENT MODELS; HARVEST RATES;
LIFE-HISTORY; PARAMETERS; SELECTIVITY
AB We provide a perspective on steepness, reference points for fishery management, and stock assessment. We first review published data and give new results showing that key reference points are fixed when steepness and other life history parameters are fixed in stock assessments using a Beverton-Holt stock-recruitment relationship. We use both production and age-structured models to explore these patterns. For the production model, we derive explicit relationships for steepness and life history parameters and then for steepness and major reference points. For the age-structured model, we are required to generally use numerical computation, and so we provide an example that complements the analytical results of the production model. We discuss what it means to set steepness equal to 1 and how to construct a prior for steepness. Ways out of the difficult situation raised by fixing steepness and life history parameters include not fixing them, using a more complicated stock-recruitment relationship, and being more explicit about the information content of the data and what that means for policy makers. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each approach.
C1 [Mangel, Marc; Pourzand, Roxanna] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
[MacCall, Alec D.; Dick, E. J.; Ralston, Stephen] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Brodziak, Jon] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Forrest, Robyn E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
RP Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, MS E-2, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM msmangel@soe.ucsc.edu
FU Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; Center for Stock Assessment
Research; Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz Laboratory;
University of California Santa Cruz
FX This work was supported by the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
through a contract to Marine Resources Assessment Group (MRAG) Americas
and by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between
the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz Laboratory and the
University of California Santa Cruz. We thank reviewers (the Associate
Editor, one anonymous reviewer, Chris Francis, and Michael Sissenwine),
colleagues at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and Ian Boyd, Bill
de la Mare, and Sidney Holt for thoughtful comments that lead us to new
insights and in new directions.
NR 78
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Z9 19
U1 3
U2 48
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 70
IS 6
BP 930
EP 940
DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0372
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 160FC
UT WOS:000320101500013
ER
PT J
AU Sugeno, M
Munch, SB
AF Sugeno, Masatoshi
Munch, Stephan B.
TI A semiparametric Bayesian approach to estimating maximum reproductive
rates at low population sizes
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Allee effects; depensation; Gaussian process; maximum annual
reproductive rate; semiparametric Bayesian modeling; slope at the
origin; stock-recruitment relationship
ID STOCK-RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIPS; NORTH-ATLANTIC COD; MEASUREMENT ERRORS;
GADUS-MORHUA; COHO SALMON; MODEL; FISH; UNCERTAINTY; EXPLOITATION;
FISHERIES
AB The maximum annual reproductive rate (i.e., the slope at the origin in a stockrecruitment relationship) is one of the most important biological reference points in fisheries; it sets the upper limit to sustainable fishing mortality. Estimating the maximum reproductive rate by fitting parametric models to stock-recruitment data may not be a robust approach because two statistically indistinguishable models can generate radically different estimates. To mitigate this issue, we developed a flexible, semiparametric Bayesian approach based on a conditional Gaussian process prior specifically designed to estimate the maximum annual reproductive rate, and applied it to analyze simulated stock-recruitment data sets. Compared with results based on other Gaussian process priors, we found that the conditional Gaussian process prior provided superior results: the accuracy and precision of estimates were enhanced without increasing model complexity. Moreover, compared with parametric alternatives, performance of the conditional Gaussian process prior was comparable to that of the datagenerating model and always better than the wrong model.
C1 [Sugeno, Masatoshi] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Sugeno, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM masatoshi.sugeno@gmail.com
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0727312]
FX The authors thank Munch lab members, Robert M. Cerrato, Lev Ginzburg,
and Scott Ferson for discussions. The authors thank two anonymous
reviewers for comments. This study is supported by a National Science
Foundation grant awarded to Stephan B. Munch and Athanasios Kottas
(DEB-0727312).
NR 49
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U1 0
U2 13
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
EI 1939-5582
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 4
BP 699
EP 709
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 160GE
UT WOS:000320105100002
PM 23865223
ER
PT J
AU Watters, GM
Hill, SL
Hinke, JT
Matthews, J
Reid, K
AF Watters, G. M.
Hill, S. L.
Hinke, J. T.
Matthews, J.
Reid, K.
TI Decision-making for ecosystem-based management: evaluating options for a
krill fishery with an ecosystem dynamics model
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba); CCAMLR; ecosystem-based management;
ecosystem model; fisheries management; resilience; risk; uncertainty
ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; SCOTIA SEA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA;
PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; GEORGIA; OCEAN; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS
AB Decision-makers charged with implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM) rely on scientists to predict the consequences of decisions relating to multiple, potentially conflicting, objectives. Such predictions are inherently uncertain, and this can be a barrier to decision-making. The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources requires managers of Southern Ocean fisheries to sustain the productivity of target stocks, the health and resilience of the ecosystem, and the performance of the fisheries themselves. The managers of the Antarctic krill fishery in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage have requested advice on candidate management measures consisting of a regional catch limit and options for subdividing this among smaller areas. We developed a spatially resolved model that simulates krill-predator-fishery interactions and reproduces a plausible representation of past dynamics. We worked with experts and stakeholders to identify (1) key uncertainties affecting our ability to predict ecosystem state; (2) illustrative reference points that represent the management objectives; and (3) a clear and simple way of conveying our results to decision-makers. We developed four scenarios that bracket the key uncertainties and evaluated candidate management measures in each of these scenarios using multiple stochastic simulations. The model emphasizes uncertainty and simulates multiple ecosystem components relating to diverse objectives. We summarize the potentially complex results as estimates of the risk that each illustrative objective will not be achieved (i.e., of the state being outside the range specified by the reference point). This approach allows direct comparisons between objectives. It also demonstrates that a candid appraisal of uncertainty, in the form of risk estimates, can be an aid, rather than a barrier, to understanding and using ecosystem model predictions. Management measures that reduce coastal fishing, relative to oceanic fishing, apparently reduce risks to both the fishery and the ecosystem. However, alternative reference points could alter the perceived risks, so further stakeholder involvement is needed to identify risk metrics that appropriately represent their objectives.
C1 [Watters, G. M.; Hinke, J. T.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Hill, S. L.; Matthews, J.; Reid, K.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
RP Hill, SL (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
EM sih@bas.ac.uk
RI Simeon, Hill/B-2307-2008
FU National Science Foundation [0443751, 1016936]; Lenfest Oceans Program
at the Pew Charitable Trusts
FX This is a contribution to the British Antarctic Survey's NERC-funded
Ecosystems Programme. Partial support for J. T. Hinke was provided by
the National Science Foundation (#0443751 and #1016936) and the Lenfest
Oceans Program at the Pew Charitable Trusts. Susie Grant prepared Fig.
1. This work was shaped and informed by useful input from many
individuals, including participants in the Working Group on Ecosystem
Monitoring and Management; the Working Group on Statistics, Assessments
and Modelling; the Scientific Committee for the Conservation of
Antarctic Marine Living Resources, colleagues at our home institutions,
the many data providers and researchers whose work we have assimilated,
and the decision-makers within the CCAMLR whom we seek to advise. We
thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments.
NR 60
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Z9 18
U1 2
U2 46
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 4
BP 710
EP 725
PG 16
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 160GE
UT WOS:000320105100003
PM 23865224
ER
PT J
AU Reed, RP
Walsh, RP
Weeks, T
McColskey, JD
Martovetsky, NN
AF Reed, R. P.
Walsh, R. P.
Weeks, T.
McColskey, J. D.
Martovetsky, N. N.
TI Compression-Fatigue, Elastic Modulus, and Thermal Contraction of
Insulated Conduit Arrays of ITER CS Modules
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Compression fatigue; elastic modulus; glass/epoxy composite; thermal
contraction; turn insulation
AB Compression-fatigue tests at similar to 77 K were conducted to compare two insulation systems (epoxy resin impregnated glass/Kapton) for use in the ITER central solenoid modules. Test samples consisted of insulated conduits that were stacked in 4x4 arrays. The thermal contraction (295-77 K) prior to fatigue, elastic modulus during fatigue, and the structural integrity of the insulation were measured and assessed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology large-scale test facilities. The maximum cyclic stress of 72 MPa, minimum stress of 25 MPa, and 1.2 x 10(6) cycles were used to comply with ITER design objectives. Thermal contraction between 295 and 77 K and the elastic modulus were measured using strain gages and strain-gage extensometers. Calibration of the strain was obtained through the use of an equivalent-size block of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with known thermal contraction and elastic moduli. Following fatigue, the arrays were cross-sectioned and optically examined for resin-impregnation quality and fatigue cracking tendencies of the insulation systems. The thermal contraction and elastic modulus of cross-sectioned samples were remeasured at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory for property confirmation, using different techniques.
C1 [Reed, R. P.; Weeks, T.; McColskey, J. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Walsh, R. P.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Martovetsky, N. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Reed, RP (reprint author), Cryogen Mat Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM rpreed@comcast.net
FU UT-Battelle, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [4000095921]
FX This work was supported in part by UT-Battelle, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory Subcontract 4000095921.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 18
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 4200805
DI 10.1109/TASC.2013.2237940
PN 2
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 143VA
UT WOS:000318895100041
ER
PT J
AU Rouil, R
Izquierdo, A
Souryal, M
Gentile, C
Griffith, D
Golmie, N
AF Rouil, Richard
Izquierdo, Antonio
Souryal, Michael
Gentile, Camillo
Griffith, David
Golmie, Nada
TI NATIONWIDE SAFETY
SO IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Rouil, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Souryal, Michael] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Gentile, Camillo; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Griffith, David] Stanford Telecommun Inc, Satellite Commun Syst, Stanford, CA USA.
[Griffith, David] Raytheon, Waltham, MA USA.
RP Rouil, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nada@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1556-6072
EI 1556-6080
J9 IEEE VEH TECHNOL MAG
JI IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 2
BP 83
EP 91
DI 10.1109/MVT.2013.2252293
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation
Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation
GA 161MA
UT WOS:000320195900011
ER
PT J
AU Wiederhorn, SM
Fett, T
Guin, JP
Ciccotti, M
AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.
Fett, Theo
Guin, Jean-Pierre
Ciccotti, Matteo
TI Griffith Cracks at the Nanoscale
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LIME-SILICATE GLASS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WATER PENETRATION;
STRESS-CORROSION; STATIC FATIGUE; OXIDE GLASSES; STRENGTH; FRACTURE;
TIPS; PROPAGATION
AB When Griffith presented his famous theory of crack stability in elastic materials in the early twentieth century, he was unable to provide much detail on the structure of cracks at the nanometer level of resolution. Now, almost 100years later, techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, nuclear reaction analysis, and nuclear reflection are available to achieve this level of resolution. Here, we review the kind of data obtained using these techniques and the implications of the data vis-a-vis cracks in silicate glasses. Measurements by atomic force microscopy provide information on the size of the nonlinear zone at crack tips in glass, on environmental conditions at crack tips, and on the possibility of cavity formation as a mechanism of crack growth. Examination by nuclear reaction analysis and neutron reflection of fresh fracture surfaces formed in water has yielded information on water penetration through the glass surrounding the crack tip, to a resolution of 3-5nm. Improvement of measurement techniques in the coming years should enable us to study crack tips in glasses to even higher levels of resolution and to answer more detailed questions concerning the level of stress and the size of the nonlinear zone at the crack tip.
C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fett, Theo] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, LARMAUR, ERL 6274, F-35042 Rennes, France.
[Ciccotti, Matteo] UPMC, CNRS, ESPCI Paristech, Lab PPMD SIMM,UMR 7615, F-75005 Paris, France.
RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov
RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009; Ciccotti, Matteo/C-8536-2013
OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893; Ciccotti,
Matteo/0000-0003-2707-9217
NR 51
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 47
PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA
SN 2041-1286
J9 INT J APPL GLASS SCI
JI Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 4
IS 2
SI SI
BP 76
EP 86
DI 10.1111/ijag.12025
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 164IG
UT WOS:000320402000003
ER
PT J
AU Kuligowski, RJ
Li, YP
Zhang, Y
AF Kuligowski, Robert J.
Li, Yaping
Zhang, Yu
TI Impact of TRMM Data on a Low-Latency, High-Resolution Precipitation
Algorithm for Flash-Flood Forecasting
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PROFILING ALGORITHM;
PASSIVE MICROWAVE; SATELLITE; RADAR; IMAGERY
AB Data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) have made great contributions to hydrometeorology from both a science and an operations standpoint. However, direct application of TRMM data to short-fuse hydrologic forecasting has been challenging because of the data refresh and latency issues inherent in an instrument in low Earth orbit (LEO). To evaluate their potential impact on low-latency satellite rainfall estimates, rain rates from both the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) were ingested into a multisensor framework that calibrates high-refresh, low-latency IR brightness temperature data from geostationary platforms against the more accurate but low-refresh, higher-latency rainfall rates available from microwave (MW) instruments on board LEO platforms. The TRMM data were used in two ways: to bias adjust the other MW data sources to match the distribution of the TMI rain rates, and directly alongside the MW rain rates in the calibration dataset. The results showed a significant reduction in false alarms and also a significant reduction in bias for those pixels for which rainfall was correctly detected. The MW bias adjustment was found to have much greater impact than the direct use of the TMI and PR rain rates in the calibration data, but this is not surprising since the latter represented perhaps only 10% of the calibration dataset.
C1 [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Li, Yaping] NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Zhang, Yu] NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Kuligowski, RJ (reprint author), NCWCP ERA2,5830 Univ Res Ct,2nd Fl,Off 2828, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM bob.kuligowski@noaa.gov
RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009
OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252
FU NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Satellite Products and Operations (OSPO) GOES I-M
Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP); GOES-R Program Office Risk Reduction
Program; NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Systems Development
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Satellite Products
and Operations (OSPO) GOES I-M Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP), the
GOES-R Program Office Risk Reduction Program, and the NOAA/NESDIS/Office
of Systems Development via support for a NASA Precipitation Measurement
Missions (PMM) project. Three anonymous reviewers provided valuable
feedback that significantly improved the manuscript. The contents of
this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute
a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.
S. government.
NR 27
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 52
IS 6
BP 1379
EP 1393
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0107.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 164AS
UT WOS:000320381700007
ER
PT J
AU He, HX
Fioletov, VE
Tarasick, DW
Mathews, TW
Long, C
AF He, Huixia
Fioletov, Vitali E.
Tarasick, David W.
Mathews, Thomas W.
Long, Craig
TI Validation of Environment Canada and NOAA UV Index Forecasts with Brewer
Measurements from Canada
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; MONITORING INSTRUMENT OMI; EL ARENOSILLO SPAIN;
SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; OZONE; CLIMATOLOGY; IRRADIANCE; AEROSOLS; TRENDS;
CLOUD
AB Ground-based ultraviolet (UV) irradiance measurements by Brewer spectrophotometers at 10 sites across Canada are compared with UV index forecasts for the same locations from Environment Canada (EC) and NOAA. For the EC forecast validation, summertime (May-August) data for the period from 1996 to 2009 are used. Comparison with NOAA forecasts is made for the more limited period of May-August 2006 and 2007. Several statistical measures are used, including the mean and the standard deviation of differences, correlation coefficients, and the probability of detection and false-alarm rate for prediction of high (UV index of 6 or above) values. For most conditions, only modest differences are found between the two forecasting systems; that is, UV index forecasts reported in the United States and Canada for Canadian sites are compatible. In general, the physically based NOAA system, which started operation in 2005, performs better than the semiempirical EC model, developed in the mid-1990s. The difference in model performance is not large under clear-sky and light-cloud conditions, but the EC model underperforms relative to the NOAA model under heavy-cloud and rainy conditions. Both the EC and the NOAA forecast models tend to overestimate UV under clear-sky and light-cloud conditions. Under heavy-cloud and rainy conditions, the EC model underestimates UV values, with about 30% of all forecasts under these conditions being 2 or more units below observations. NOAA forecasts tend to overestimate UV index values under these conditions.
C1 [He, Huixia; Fioletov, Vitali E.; Tarasick, David W.; Mathews, Thomas W.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Long, Craig] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Fioletov, VE (reprint author), Environm Canada, ARQM, 4905 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
EM vitali.fioletov@ec.gc.ca
OI Fioletov, Vitali/0000-0002-2731-5956; Tarasick,
David/0000-0001-9869-0692
FU Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
FX Author H. He acknowledges the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council for her postdoctoral fellowship.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
EI 1558-8432
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 52
IS 6
BP 1477
EP 1489
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0286.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 164AS
UT WOS:000320381700012
ER
PT J
AU Wayand, NE
Hamlet, AF
Hughes, M
Feld, SI
Lundquist, JD
AF Wayand, Nicholas E.
Hamlet, Alan F.
Hughes, Mimi
Feld, Shara I.
Lundquist, Jessica D.
TI Intercomparison of Meteorological Forcing Data from Empirical and
Mesoscale Model Sources in the North Fork American River Basin in
Northern Sierra Nevada, California
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INCOMING LONGWAVE RADIATION; CLIMATOLOGICAL PRECIPITATION; MOUNTAINOUS
TERRAIN; VEGETATION MODEL; COMPLEX TERRAIN; ENERGY EXCHANGE;
SOLAR-RADIATION; WAVE-RADIATION; SNOW SURFACE; MELTING SNOW
AB The data required to drive distributed hydrological models are significantly limited within mountainous terrain because of a scarcity of observations. This study evaluated three common configurations of forcing data: 1) one low-elevation station, combined with empirical techniques; 2) gridded output from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF); and 3) a combination of the two. Each configuration was evaluated within the heavily instrumented North Fork American River basin in California during October-June 2000-10. Simulations of streamflow and snowpack using the Distributed Hydrology Soil and Vegetation Model (DHSVM) highlighted precipitation and radiation as variables whose sources resulted in significant differences. The best source of precipitation data varied between years. On average, the WRF performed as well as the single station distributed using the Parameter Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM). The average percent biases in simulated streamflow were 3% and 1%, for configurations 1 and 2, respectively, even though precipitation compared directly with gauge measurements was biased high by 6% and 17%, suggesting that gauge undercatch may explain part of the bias. Simulations of snowpack using empirically estimated longwave irradiance resulted in melt rates lower than those observed at high-elevation sites, while at lower elevations the same forcing caused significant midwinter melt that was not observed. These results highlight the complexity of how forcing data sources impact hydrology over different areas (high-versus low-elevation snow) and different time periods. Overall, results support the use of output from the WRF model over empirical techniques in regions with limited station data.
C1 [Wayand, Nicholas E.; Hamlet, Alan F.; Feld, Shara I.; Lundquist, Jessica D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98392 USA.
[Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wayand, NE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98392 USA.
EM nicway@u.washington.edu
RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009
OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0838166]; University of Washington
Program on Climate Change Graduate Fellowship; University of Washington
Valle Fellowship
FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant
EAR-0838166), by a University of Washington Program on Climate Change
Graduate Fellowship, and a University of Washington Valle Fellowship.
Support for in situ instrumentation and fieldwork was provided by NOAA
through their Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) and through the Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA
Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148.
NR 82
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 14
IS 3
BP 677
EP 699
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0102.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 162XZ
UT WOS:000320300600001
ER
PT J
AU Berg, A
Findell, K
Lintner, BR
Gentine, P
Kerr, C
AF Berg, Alexis
Findell, Kirsten
Lintner, Benjamin R.
Gentine, Pierre
Kerr, Christopher
TI Precipitation Sensitivity to Surface Heat Fluxes over North America in
Reanalysis and Model Data
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTIONS;
SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; PART I; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; EVAPORATIVE
FRACTION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; DIURNAL BEHAVIOR; CLIMATE SCALES
AB A new methodology for assessing the impact of surface heat fluxes on precipitation is applied to data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and to output from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Atmospheric Model 2.1 (AM2.1). The method assesses the sensitivity of afternoon convective rainfall frequency and intensity to the late-morning partitioning of latent and sensible heating, quantified in terms of evaporative fraction (EF). Over North America, both NARR and AM2.1 indicate sensitivity of convective rainfall triggering to EF but no appreciable influence of EF on convective rainfall amounts. Functional relationships between the triggering feedback strength (TFS) metric and mean EF demonstrate the occurrence of stronger coupling for mean EF in the range of 0.6 to 0.8. To leading order, AM2.1 exhibits spatial distributions and seasonality of the EF impact on triggering resembling those seen in NARR: rainfall probability increases with higher EF over the eastern United States and Mexico and peaks in Northern Hemisphere summer. Over those regions, the impact of EF variability on afternoon rainfall triggering in summer can explain up to 50% of seasonal rainfall variability. However, the AM2.1 metrics also exhibit some features not present in NARR, for example, strong coupling extending northwestward from the central Great Plains into Canada. Sources of disagreement may include model hydroclimatic biases that affect the mean patterns and variability of surface flux partitioning, with EF variability typically much lower in NARR. Finally, the authors also discuss the consistency of their results with other assessments of land-precipitation coupling obtained from different methodologies.
C1 [Berg, Alexis; Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Berg, Alexis; Findell, Kirsten] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
[Kerr, Christopher] Univ Corp Atmospheric Research GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Berg, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
EM alexis.berg@noaa.gov
RI Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1035968, AGS-1035843]; New Jersey
Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch [NJ07102]
FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants
AGS-1035968 and AGS-1035843 and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Station Hatch Grant NJ07102. We thank Sarah Kapnick and LeoDonner for
providing comments on the manuscript and Fanrong Zeng for assisting with
the simulation. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data provided by the National
Climatic Data Center from their website:
http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/data.php.
NR 86
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 24
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 14
IS 3
BP 722
EP 743
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0111.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 162XZ
UT WOS:000320300600003
ER
PT J
AU Su, H
Dickinson, RE
Findell, KL
Lintner, BR
AF Su, Hua
Dickinson, Robert E.
Findell, Kirsten L.
Lintner, Benjamin R.
TI How Are Spring Snow Conditions in Central Canada Related to Early
Warm-Season Precipitation?
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; LAND-SURFACE
CONDITIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; SUMMER PRECIPITATION;
GREAT-PLAINS; PART I; ECOCLIMATOLOGICAL STABILITY; CONVECTIVE
PARAMETERIZATION
AB The response of the warm-season atmosphere to antecedent snow anomalies has long been an area of study. This paper explores how the spring snow depth relates to subsequent precipitation in central Canada using ground observations, reanalysis datasets, and offline land surface model estimates. After removal of low-frequency ocean influences, April snow depth is found to correlate negatively with early warm-season (May-June) precipitation across a large portion of the study area. Achain of mechanisms is hypothesized to account for this observed negative relation: 1) a snow depth anomaly leads to a soil moisture anomaly, 2) the subsequent soil moisture anomaly affects ground turbulent fluxes, and 3) the atmospheric vertical structure allows dry soil to promote local convection. A detailed analysis supports this chain of mechanisms for those portions of the domain manifesting a statistically significant negative snow-precipitation correlation. For a portion of the study area, large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns also affect the early warm-season rainfall, indicating that the snow-precipitation feedback may depend on large-scale atmospheric dynamical features. This analysis suggests that spring snow conditions can contribute to warm-season precipitation predictability on a subseasonal to seasonal scale, but that the strength of such predictability varies geo-graphically as it depends on the interplay of hydroclimatological conditions across multiple spatial scales.
C1 [Su, Hua; Dickinson, Robert E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Findell, Kirsten L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
RP Su, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, 1 Univ Stn C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM edward_su@jsg.utexas.edu
RI Yu, Miao/J-2965-2013; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014
FU DOE [DE-FG02-01ER63198]; NSF [ATM-0720619]; National Science Foundation
[AGS-1035968]; New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch
[NJ07102]
FX This research is supported by the DOE (DE-FG02-01ER63198) and NSF
(ATM-0720619). B.R.L. also acknowledges support from the National
Science Foundation Grant AGS-1035968 and the New Jersey Agricultural
Experiment Station Hatch Grant NJ07102. We thank Dr. Justin Sheffield
and Dr. Ming Pan for providing VIC simulation datasets and Dr. Thomas
Mote for providing the North American gridded snow depth dataset.
NR 57
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
EI 1525-7541
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 14
IS 3
BP 787
EP 807
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-029.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 162XZ
UT WOS:000320300600006
ER
PT J
AU Bell, JE
Palecki, MA
Baker, CB
Collins, WG
Lawrimore, JH
Leeper, RD
Hall, ME
Kochendorfer, J
Meyers, TP
Wilson, T
Diamond, HJ
AF Bell, Jesse E.
Palecki, Michael A.
Baker, C. Bruce
Collins, William G.
Lawrimore, Jay H.
Leeper, Ronald D.
Hall, Mark E.
Kochendorfer, John
Meyers, Tilden P.
Wilson, Tim
Diamond, Howard J.
TI U.S. Climate Reference Network Soil Moisture and Temperature
Observations
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OKLAHOMA MESONET; UNITED-STATES; DATASET
AB The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) is a network of climate-monitoring stations maintained and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide climate-science-quality measurements of air temperature and precipitation. The stations in the network were designed to be extensible to other missions, and the National Integrated Drought Information System program determined that the USCRN could be augmented to provide observations that are more drought relevant. To increase the network's capability of monitoring soil processes and drought, soil observations were added to USCRN instrumentation. In 2011, the USCRN team completed at each USCRN station in the conterminous United States the installation of triplicate-configuration soil moisture and soil temperature probes at five standards depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm) as prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization; in addition, the project included the installation of a relative humidity sensor at each of the stations. Work is also under way to eventually install soil sensors at the expanding USCRN stations in Alaska. USCRN data are stewarded by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center, and instrument engineering and performance studies, installation, and maintenance are performed by the NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division. This article provides a technical description of the USCRN soil observations in the context of U.S. soil-climate-measurement efforts and discusses the advantage of the triple-redundancy approach applied by the USCRN.
C1 [Bell, Jesse E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
[Bell, Jesse E.; Palecki, Michael A.; Collins, William G.; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Diamond, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
[Baker, C. Bruce; Hall, Mark E.; Kochendorfer, John] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Bell, JE (reprint author), CICS, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM jesse.bell@noaa.gov
RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Wilson,
Timothy/C-9863-2016
OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Wilson,
Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323
FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North
Carolina [NA09NES4400006]
FX We are grateful to the NIDIS Program and its director, Dr. Roger S.
Pulwarty, for the foresight in providing the resources to the USCRN
program to allow the operation and maintenance of the network's soil
sensors, as well as in facilitating the science work related to
analyzing the USCRN soil data that underlie the research in this paper.
This work was supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for
Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement
NA09NES4400006. We greatly appreciate the work of the USCRN staff at
NOAA's NCDC and ATDD for ensuring the continual success of the program.
We especially thank Scott Embler, Diana Kantor, and Rocky Bilotta for
technical assistance. We also appreciate Maggie Robinson for editorial
remarks. In addition, we thank Anthony Arguez and Pierre Guillevic for
assisting in the NOAA internal review process.
NR 29
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 14
IS 3
BP 977
EP 988
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0146.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 162XZ
UT WOS:000320300600017
ER
PT J
AU Hougen, JT
AF Hougen, Jon T.
TI Remarks on phase choices for the electronic wavefunctions when carrying
out vibronic or rovibronic energy level and intensity calculations for
molecules exhibiting a Jahn-Teller effect
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Born-Oppenheimer wavefunction; Berry phase; Conical intersection;
Jahn-Teller effect; Transformation properties
ID POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; GEOMETRIC PHASE; BOUND-STATES; SURFACES;
INTERSECTION
AB In this pedagogical paper, material already in the Jahn-Teller literature is recast in a way that emphasizes how vibronic wavefunctions for the XY3 Jahn-Teller problem can conveniently be calculated using electronic and vibrational basis set functions that do not transform into their negatives upon going once around the conical intersection and do transform as irreducible representations of the ordinary C-3v point group. We give as an explicit example, a recalculation of the pseudorotational energy levels and wavefunctions near the bottom of a deep Jahn-Teller moat that does not make use of half-integral quantum numbers. A brief discussion, also recast somewhat from material in the literature, is given of how the basis functions used here are related to the more frequently discussed electronic and vibrational basis functions for the Jahn-Teller problem, which transform into their negatives upon going once around the conical intersection. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jon.hougen@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
EI 1096-083X
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 288
BP 14
EP 17
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2013.04.001
PG 4
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 163QA
UT WOS:000320350800004
ER
PT J
AU Baumann-Pickering, S
Yack, TM
Barlow, J
Wiggins, SM
Hildebrand, JA
AF Baumann-Pickering, Simone
Yack, Tina M.
Barlow, Jay
Wiggins, Sean M.
Hildebrand, John A.
TI Baird's beaked whale echolocation signals
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BIOSONAR SIGNALS; CLICKS;
CLASSIFICATION; FIELD
AB Echolocation signals from Baird's beaked whales were recorded during visual and acoustic shipboard surveys of cetaceans in the California Current ecosystem and with autonomous, long-term recorders in the Southern California Bight. The preliminary measurement of the visually validated Baird's beaked whale echolocation signals from towed array data were used as a basis for identifying Baird's signals in the autonomous recorder data. Two distinct signal types were found, one being a beaked whale-like frequency modulated (FM) pulse, the other being a dolphin-like broadband click. The median FM inter-pulse interval was 230 ms. Both signal types showed a consistent multi-peak structure in their spectra with peaks at similar to 9, 16, 25, and 40 kHz. Depending on signal type, as well as recording aspect and distance to the hydrophone, these peaks varied in relative amplitude. The description of Baird's echolocation signals will allow for studies of their distribution and abundance using towed array data without associated visual sightings and from autonomous seafloor hydrophones. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America.
C1 [Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Yack, Tina M.] BioWaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA.
[Yack, Tina M.] Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Yack, Tina M.] San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Ecol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Yack, Tina M.] Univ Calif Davis, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Baumann-Pickering, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0205, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM sbaumann@ucsd.edu
FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Navy, Chief of Naval Operations,
Environmental Readiness Division [OPNAV N45]; Naval Postgraduate School
FX S.B.P. and T.M.Y. contributed equally to this manuscript. We would like
to acknowledge our funding sources, namely, Mike Weise and Dana Belden
at the Office of Naval Research, Frank Stone, Ernie Young, and Bob
Gisner of U.S. Navy, Chief of Naval Operations, Environmental Readiness
Division (OPNAV N45), and Curt Collins and John Joseph at the Naval
Postgraduate School. Also, many thanks to the scientists aboard the
Southwest Fisheries Science Center 2008 ORCAWALE survey and to the crew
of the NOAA vessel McArthur II who assisted in collection of towed-array
data. We thank H. Bassett, C. Garsha, B. Hurley, M. McDonald, M. Roch,
E. Roth, A. Simonis, M. Stone, and K. Wyckoff for HARP fieldwork and
analysis assistance.
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 33
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 133
IS 6
BP 4321
EP 4331
DI 10.1121/1.4804316
PG 11
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 161EC
UT WOS:000320173600070
PM 23742381
ER
PT J
AU Oey, T
Kumar, A
Bullard, JW
Neithalath, N
Sant, G
AF Oey, Tandre
Kumar, Aditya
Bullard, Jeffrey W.
Neithalath, Narayanan
Sant, Gaurav
TI The Filler Effect: The Influence of Filler Content and Surface Area on
Cementitious Reaction Rates
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRICALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATION; EARLY-AGE PROPERTIES; PORTLAND-CEMENT;
LIMESTONE FILLER; FLY-ASH; BOUNDARY NUCLEATION; SECONDARY COMPONENT;
ALITE HYDRATION; KINETICS; MODEL
AB Finely ground mineral powders are known to accelerate cement hydration rates. This filler effect has been attributed to the effects of dilution (w/c increase) when the cement content is reduced or to the provision of additional surface area by fine powders. The latter contribution (i.e., surface area increase) is speculated to provide additional sites for the nucleation of the hydration products, which accelerates reactions. Through extensive experimentation and simulation this study describes the influence of surface area and mineral type (e.g., quartz or limestone) on cement reaction rates. Simulations using a boundary nucleation and growth (BNG) model and a multiphase reaction ensemble (MRE) indicate that the extent of the acceleration is linked to the: (1) magnitude of surface area increase and (2a) capacity of the filler's surface to offer favorable nucleation sites for hydration products. Other simulations using a kinetic cellular automaton model (HydratiCA) suggest that accelerations are linked to: (2b) the interfacial properties of the filler that alters (increases or decreases) its tendency to serve as a nucleant, and (3) the chemical composition of the filler and the tendency for its dissociated ions to participate in exchange reactions with the calcium silicate hydrate product. The simulations are correlated with accelerations observed using isothermal calorimetry when fillers partially replace cement. The research correlates and unifies the fundamental parameters that drive the filler effect and provides a mechanistic understanding of the influence of filler agents on cementitious reaction rates.
C1 [Oey, Tandre; Kumar, Aditya; Sant, Gaurav] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Chem Construct Mat LC2, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Neithalath, Narayanan] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Sant, Gaurav] Univ Calif CNSI, Calif Nanosyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Sant, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Chem Construct Mat LC2, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM gsant@ucla.edu
RI Neithalath, Narayanan/F-8412-2014
OI Neithalath, Narayanan/0000-0002-3174-0402
FU University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); National Science
Foundation [CMMI: 1066583]; Rice Endowed Chair in Materials Science
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge full financial support for this
research provided by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA),
and the National Science Foundation (CMMI: 1066583). The authors would
also like to acknowledge the provision of materials by U. S. Concrete,
OMYA A. G., and the U. S. Silica Company. The contents of this study
reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the accuracy
of the datasets presented. This research was conducted in the Laboratory
for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2) and the
core Molecular Instrumentation Center (MIC) at the University of
California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and the Engineering Laboratory at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The authors
acknowledge the support of these laboratories in making this research
possible. The last author would also like to acknowledge discretionary
support provided by the Rice Endowed Chair in Materials Science.
NR 65
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 96
IS 6
BP 1978
EP 1990
DI 10.1111/jace.12264
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 159HN
UT WOS:000320036600050
ER
PT J
AU Hirshorn, B
Weinstein, S
Tsuboi, S
AF Hirshorn, Barry
Weinstein, Stuart
Tsuboi, Seiji
TI On the Application of Mwp in the Near Field and the March 11, 2011
Tohoku Earthquake
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Tsunami Warning Centers issue rapid and accurate tsunami warnings to coastal populations by estimating the location and size of the causative earthquake as soon as possible after rupture initiation. Both US Tsunami Warning Centers have therefore been using Mwp to issue Tsunami Warnings 5-10 min after Earthquake origin time since 2002. However, because Mwp (Tsuboi et al., Bulletin of the Seismological society of America 85:606-613, 1995) is based on the far-field approximation to the P-wave displacement due to a double couple point source, we should only very carefully apply Mwp to data obtained in the near field, at distances of less than a few wavelengths from the fault. On the other hand, the surface waves from Great Earthquakes, including those that occur just offshore of populated areas, such as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, clip seismographs located near the fault. Because the first arriving P-waves from such large events are often on scale, Mwp should provide useful information, even for these Great Earthquakes. We therefore calculate Mwp from 18 unclipped STS-1 broadband P-wave seismograms, recorded at 2-15A degrees distance from the Tohoku epicenter to determine if Mwp can usefully estimate Mw for this earthquake, using data obtained close to the epicenter. In this case there should be a good chance to get reliable Mwp values for stations at epicentral distances of 9-10A degrees, since the source duration for the Tohoku earthquake is less than 200 s and the time window used to estimate Mwp is 120 s in duration. Our analysis indicates that Mwp does indeed give reliable results (Mw similar to 9.1) beginning at about 11A degrees distance from the epicenter. The values of Mwp from seismic waveforms obtained at 11-15A degrees epicentral distance from the Mw 9.1 off the east coast of Tohuku earthquake of March 11, 2011 fell within the range 9.1-9.3, and were available within 4-5 min after origin time. Even the Mwp values of 7.7-8.4, obtained at less than 5A degrees epicentral distance, exceed the PTWC's threshold of Mw 7.6 for issuing a regional tsunami warning to coastal populations within 1,000 km of the epicenter, and of Mw 6.9 for issuing a local tsunami warning to the coastal populations of Hawaii.
C1 [Hirshorn, Barry; Weinstein, Stuart] Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI USA.
[Tsuboi, Seiji] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Data Res Ctr Marine Earth Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
RP Hirshorn, B (reprint author), Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI USA.
EM barryhirshorn@mac.com
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 170
IS 6-8
BP 975
EP 991
DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0495-3
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 159KK
UT WOS:000320044100003
ER
PT J
AU Wei, Y
Chamberlin, C
Titov, VV
Tang, LJ
Bernard, EN
AF Wei, Yong
Chamberlin, Christopher
Titov, Vasily V.
Tang, Liujuan
Bernard, Eddie N.
TI Modeling of the 2011 Japan Tsunami: Lessons for Near-Field Forecast
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tsunami; tsunami forecast; Japan; 2011; inundation; tsunami source; near
field
ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; PACIFIC COAST; GPS; MEGATHRUST; RUNUP; OCEAN;
INVERSION; LANDSLIDE
AB During the devastating 11 March 2011 Japanese tsunami, data from two tsunami detectors were used to determine the tsunami source within 1.5 h of earthquake origin time. For the first time, multiple near-field tsunami measurements of the 2011 Japanese tsunami were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) real-time flooding forecast system in the far field. To test the accuracy of the same forecast system in the near field, a total of 11 numerical models with grids telescoped to 2 arcsec ( 60 m) were developed to hindcast the propagation and coastal inundation of the 2011 Japanese tsunami along the entire east coastline of Japan. Using the NOAA tsunami source computed in near real-time, the model results of tsunami propagation are validated with tsunami time series measured at different water depths offshore and near shore along Japan's coastline. The computed tsunami runup height and spatial distribution are highly consistent with post-tsunami survey data collected along the Japanese coastline. The computed inundation penetration also agrees well with survey data, giving a modeling accuracy of 85.5 % for the inundation areas along 800 km of coastline between Ibaraki Prefecture (north of Kashima) and Aomori Prefecture (south of Rokkasho). The inundation model results highlighted the variability of tsunami impact in response to different offshore bathymetry and flooded terrain. Comparison of tsunami sources inferred from different indirect methods shows the crucial importance of deep-ocean tsunami measurements for real-time tsunami forecasts. The agreement between model results and observations along Japan's coastline demonstrate the ability and potential of NOAA's methodology for real-time near-field tsunami flooding forecasts. An accurate tsunami flooding forecast within 30 min may now be possible using the NOAA forecast methodology with carefully placed tsunameters and large-scale high-resolution inundation models with powerful computing capabilities.
C1 [Wei, Yong; Chamberlin, Christopher; Tang, Liujuan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wei, Yong; Chamberlin, Christopher; Titov, Vasily V.; Tang, Liujuan; Bernard, Eddie N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM Yong.Wei@noaa.gov
RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015;
OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829
FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under
NOAA [NA100AR4320148]; [1826]; [3795]
FX The authors are grateful to NOWPHAS for providing nearshore tsunami
measurements that were used in this study. We thank L. Wright for her
assistance in digitizing the inundation measurements. We are also
grateful to Dr. Jose Borrero and two anonymous reviewers for their
valuable comments and suggestions on improving the quality of this
paper. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for
the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative
Agreement NA100AR4320148, JISAO Contribution 1826; PMEL Contribution
3795.
NR 64
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 4
U2 41
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 170
IS 6-8
BP 1309
EP 1331
DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0519-z
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 159KK
UT WOS:000320044100021
ER
PT J
AU Nocun, MS
Schantz, MM
AF Nocun, Margarete S.
Schantz, Michele M.
TI Determination of selected oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(oxy-PAHs) in diesel and air particulate matter standard reference
materials (SRMs)
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Oxy-PAH; Air particulate; Diesel; Standard reference materials; SRMs
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMBIENT AIR;
URBAN DUST; PARTICLES; AEROSOL; SAMPLES; SEDIMENT; PM2.5; 1649A
AB Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) have recently received much attention in discussions regarding the negative impacts of particulate matter (PM) on human health and the environment. The National Institute of Standards and Technology provides several environmental matrix standard reference materials (SRMs) with certified and reference values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs. In this study, the concentrations of oxygenated PAHs are determined in three air PM SRMs (1649b, 1648a, and 2786) and three diesel PM SRMs (1650b, 2975, and 1975) using two independent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Concentrations of oxy-PAHs were at the milligrams per kilogram level with higher overall concentrations in diesel PM (up to 50 mg/kg for 9,10-anthraquinone). One of the highest oxy-PAH concentrations (up to 5 mg/kg) measured in the air particulate SRMs was for 7,12-benz[a]anthracenquinone. These results suggest that oxygenated PAHs should not be neglected in the analysis of PM as their concentrations can be as high as those of some PAHs and are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those for nitro-PAHs.
C1 [Nocun, Margarete S.; Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michele.schantz@nist.gov
NR 27
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 87
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 405
IS 16
BP 5583
EP 5593
DI 10.1007/s00216-013-6957-3
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 155KD
UT WOS:000319745700020
PM 23595641
ER
PT J
AU Swiney, KM
Long, WC
Persselin, SL
AF Swiney, Katherine M.
Long, W. Christopher
Persselin, Sara L.
TI The effects of holding space on juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes
camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), growth and survival
SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE space limitation; growth; survival; red king crab
ID AVAILABILITY; CANNIBALISM; CULTURE; DENSITY; SIZE; DIET
AB Rearing crustaceans communally for aquaculture, stock enhancement or research often results in high rates of cannibalism and low yields. One potential strategy to reduce loss from cannibalism is to rear crustaceans in individual cells. As small holding cell size can result in decreased growth or increased mortality, it is essential to identify the optimal holding cell size, both for mass culturing efforts and for experimental design purposes. In this study, we reared juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus (3.67-8.30mm carapace length) in 20, 40 and 77mm diameter holding cells, and monitored growth and survival over a 274-day experiment. A trend of lower growth per molt in the smallest holding cells resulted in crab 17% smaller than those in the large holding cells at the end of the experiment. In addition, mortality rates were an order of magnitude higher in the small holding cells compared with the large or medium cells. For individual rearing of this size of juvenile red king crab, the medium-sized cells (40mm diameter) are the optimal size as there was no increase in mortality and only marginally lower growth rates compared to the large-sized cells.
C1 [Swiney, Katherine M.; Long, W. Christopher; Persselin, Sara L.] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
EM katherine.swiney@noaa.gov
RI Long, William/C-7074-2009;
OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1355-557X
J9 AQUAC RES
JI Aquac. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 44
IS 7
BP 1007
EP 1016
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03105.x
PG 10
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 160KR
UT WOS:000320118900001
ER
PT J
AU Curtis, KA
Moore, JE
AF Curtis, K. Alexandra
Moore, Jeffrey E.
TI Calculating reference points for anthropogenic mortality of marine
turtles
SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean; coastal; conservation evaluation; modelling; management strategy
evaluation; reptiles; sea turtle; fishing; bycatch
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL; REPRODUCTIVE VALUE;
FISHERIES BYCATCH; INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY; POPULATION MANAGEMENT;
DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; EXCLUDER DEVICES; SEA; CONSERVATION
AB Human-caused mortality threatens many marine turtle populations worldwide, with fisheries interactions being a primary cause for population declines. National and international management of fisheries interactions with marine turtles are rarely tied to turtle population biology. Quantitative tools tied to population-based objectives can provide insight into the effectiveness and urgency of bycatch mitigation.A management approach is proposed based on a bycatch control rule called Reproductive Value Loss Limit (RVLL), generalized from the Potential Biological Removal management model for marine mammal populations. For RVLL, population size is scaled by reproductive value to account for strongly age-structured population dynamics and age-dependent fisheries mortality rates in marine turtle populations.RVLL is an estimate of maximum sustainable mortality for a population, calculated from estimates of maximum population growth rate, total reproductive value in the population, and an uncertainty factor. RVLL estimates correspond to specified management goals and risk tolerances. For demonstration, simultaneous goals of maintaining populations above the maximum net productivity level (analogous to the population size that produces maximum sustainable yield) and preventing a decrease in adults are assumed, both with 95% probability. A management-strategy-evaluation-like process was used to explore parameterization of the RVLL equation for robust performance over a range of plausible life history characteristics and uncertainties in abundance and bycatch mortality estimates for marine turtle populations.The RVLL-based management approach presented here proved robust to several important sources of uncertainty and to violation of several key underlying assumptions, and can be adapted to account for important sources of bias. The architecture presented, including tailored management strategy evaluation, provides a useful basis for further development of reference-point-based management of human-added mortality in populations that experience large changes with age in reproductive value and human-caused mortality rates, as is the case for marine turtles. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Curtis, K. Alexandra] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Curtis, K. Alexandra] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada.
[Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Curtis, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA USA.
EM Katherine.Curtis.CC.97@aya.yale.edu
OI Curtis, Katherine Alexandra/0000-0001-7284-944X
FU Lenfest Ocean Programme [2008-000648-009]
FX Funding for this work was provided by the Lenfest Ocean Programme, grant
reference number 2008-000648-009. NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science
Center and Acadia University provided workspace and administrative
support. Comments from Peter Dillingham, Tomo Eguchi, Barbara Taylor,
and anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript.
NR 89
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 38
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1052-7613
J9 AQUAT CONSERV
JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
BP 441
EP 459
DI 10.1002/aqc.2308
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 157CQ
UT WOS:000319873700010
ER
PT J
AU Sevin, G
Yasa, M
Akcay, DY
Kirkali, G
Kerry, Z
AF Sevin, Gulnur
Yasa, Mukadder
Akcay, Delen Yasemin
Kirkali, Guldal
Kerry, Zeliha
TI Different responses of fluvastatin to cholesterol-induced oxidative
modifications in rabbits: evidence for preventive effect against DNA
damage
SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION
LA English
DT Article
DE atherosclerosis; fluvastatin; hypercholesterolemia; rabbit; oxidatively
induced DNA damage; 8-hydroxyguanine; 2;
6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine
ID COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA-INDUCED CHANGES; VASCULAR
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; DIET-FED RABBITS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ANTIOXIDANT
ENZYMES; NITRITE/NITRATE LEVELS; LOWERING THERAPY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS;
STATINS
AB Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and related occlusive vascular diseases. We investigated the effect of low-dose fluvastatin (2 mg kg-1 day-1) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase], vascular reactivity changes and oxidatively induced DNA damage in early stage of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The animals were divided into three groups each composed of 10 rabbits. The control group received a regular rabbit chow diet, and the cholesterol group had hypercholesterolemic diet (2%, 4 weeks). The fluvastatin group was given hypercholesterolemic diet plus fluvastatin. Dietary intake of cholesterol significantly increased total cholesterol levels in rabbits (control, 0.85 +/- 0.29; cholesterol, 12.04 +/- 4.61; fluvastatin, 8.07 +/- 2.72 mmol l-1 ). Hypercholesterolemic diet revealed discernible fatty streaks in arcus aortae. Fluvastatin significantly reduced the areas of the lesions. The diet significantly increased SOD activities in both erythrocyte and tissue. Treatment with fluvastatin normalized the increased activity of SOD in both erythrocyte and aortic tissues from the cholesterol group. Cholesterol feeding decreased the sensitivity to acetylcholine, and treatment with fluvastatin significantly restored the diminished sensitivity to acetylcholine in thoracic aortae. Cholesterol feeding caused oxidatively induced DNA damage in liver tissues determined by the increased levels of 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua). Fluvastatin decreased only FapyGua level in liver. In conclusion, our results may suggest that fluvastatin seems to play a protective role on high cholesterol-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Sevin, Gulnur; Yasa, Mukadder; Kerry, Zeliha] Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey.
[Akcay, Delen Yasemin] Ege Univ Izmir, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey.
[Kirkali, Guldal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Med, Izmir, Turkey.
[Kirkali, Guldal] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sevin, G (reprint author), Ege Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey.
EM gulnur.sevin@ege.edu.tr
FU Ege University Scientific Research Foundation [99 ECZ 016]
FX The authors are grateful to Prof. E. Sozmen (Faculty of Medicine,
Department of Biochemistry, Ege University Izmir, Turkey) for helping
with biochemical measurements, Prof. E. Ozer (Faculty of Medicine,
Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir,
Turkey) for the morphological examinations and Prof M. Dizdaroglu
(Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) for DNA measurements. This work was
supported by The Ege University Scientific Research Foundation (grant
no. 99 ECZ 016 to GS).
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0263-6484
J9 CELL BIOCHEM FUNCT
JI Cell Biochem. Funct.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 31
IS 4
BP 325
EP 332
DI 10.1002/cbf.2903
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 158RV
UT WOS:000319991200009
PM 23055364
ER
PT J
AU Hattenrath-Lehmann, TK
Marcoval, MA
Berry, DL
Fire, S
Wang, ZH
Morton, SL
Gobler, CJ
AF Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K.
Marcoval, Maria A.
Berry, Dianna L.
Fire, Spencer
Wang, Zhihong
Morton, Steve L.
Gobler, Christopher J.
TI The emergence of Dinophysis acuminata blooms and DSP toxins in shellfish
in New York waters
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Alexandrium; Dinophysis; DSP; North America; PSP; Shellfish
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM-LIMA; DIFFERENTIAL
DYNAMICS; MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; NEW-ZEALAND; PECTENOTOXINS; CULTURE;
CANADA; ISLAND; COAST
AB The dynamics of Dinophysis acuminata and its associated diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) as well as pectenotoxins (PTXs), were investigated within plankton and shellfish in Northport Bay, NY, USA, over a four year period (2008-2011). Over the course of the study, Dinophysis bloom densities ranged from similar to 10(4) to 10(6) cells L-1 and exceeded 10(6) L-1 in 2011 when levels of total OA, total DTX1, and PTX in the water column were 188, 86, and 2900 pg mL(-1), respectively, with the majority of the DSP toxins present as esters. These cell densities exceed - by two orders of magnitude - those previously reported within thousands of samples collected from NY waters from 1971 to 1986. The bloom species was positively identified as D. acuminata via scanning electron microscopy and genetic sequencing (cox1 gene). The cox1 gene sequence from the D. acuminata populations in Northport Bay was 100% identical to D. acuminata from Narragansett Bay, RI, USA and formed a strongly supported phylogenetic cluster (posterior probability = 1) that included D. acuminata and Dinophysis ovum from systems along the North Atlantic Ocean. Shellfish collected from Northport Bay during the 2011 bloom had DSP toxin levels (1245 ng g(-1) total OA congeners) far exceeding the USFDA action level (160 ng g(-1) total OA of shellfish tissue) representing the first such occurrence on the East Coast of the U.S. D. acuminata blooms co-occurred with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) causing blooms of Alexandrium fundyense during late spring each year of the study. D. acuminata cell abundances were significantly correlated with levels of total phytoplankton biomass and Mesodinium spp., suggesting food web interactions may influence the dynamics of these blooms. Given that little is known regarding the combined effects of DSP and PSP toxins on human health and the concurrent accumulation and deputation of these toxins in shellfish, these blooms represent a novel managerial challenge. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K.; Marcoval, Maria A.; Berry, Dianna L.; Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA.
[Fire, Spencer; Wang, Zhihong; Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Marcoval, Maria A.] Univ Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Gobler, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA.
EM christopher.gobler@sunysb.edu
RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014
OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X
FU NOAA's Monitoring and Event Response to Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB);
Long Island Sound Study (USEPA)
FX We would like to thank J. Goleski, R. Wallace, F. Koch, and L. Merlo for
assistance with field work, and to M.J. Harke and Y.Z. Tang for
assistance with constructing phylogenetic trees and discussion on their
interpretation. We thank B. Haynes of NOAA's Marine Biotoxin Program for
performing sample extraction. We thank the staff at the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation for their assistance with
shellfish collection as well as the staff at the Britannia Yachting
Center for the generous use of their facility. This work was funded by
NOAA's Monitoring and Event Response to Harmful Algal Blooms (MERHAB)
program and grants from the Long Island Sound Study (USEPA).[SS]
NR 68
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
BP 33
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.005
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 164OF
UT WOS:000320418700004
ER
PT J
AU Seely, JF
Weber, BV
Phipps, DG
Pereira, NR
Mosher, D
Slabkowska, K
Polasik, M
Starosta, J
Rzadkiewicz, J
Hansen, S
Feldman, U
Hudson, LT
Schumer, JW
AF Seely, John F.
Weber, B. V.
Phipps, D. G.
Pereira, N. R.
Mosher, D.
Slabkowska, K.
Polasik, M.
Starosta, J.
Rzadkiewicz, J.
Hansen, S.
Feldman, Uri
Hudson, L. T.
Schumer, J. W.
TI Tungsten L transition line shapes and energy shifts resulting from
ionization in warm dense matter
SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Warm dense matter; Ionization distribution
ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; RAY; SPECTROMETER
AB Spectra of the W L transitions in the energy range 8-12 keV from warm dense plasmas generated by the Naval Research Laboratory's Gamble II pulsed power machine were recorded by a newly developed high-resolution transmission-crystal X-ray spectrometer with +/-2 eV accuracy. The discharges have up to 2 MV voltage, 0.5 MA current, and produce up to 2.4 MJ/cm(-3) energy density. The plasma-filled rod pinch (PFRP) diode produces a plasma with N-e approximate to 10(22) cm(-3) and T-e approximate to 50 eV during the time of maximum X-ray emission. By analyzing the line shapes, it was determined that the L beta(2) inner-shell transition from the 4d(5/2) level was shifted to higher energy by up to 23 eV relative to nearby L beta transitions from n = 3 levels. In addition, the L beta(2) transition was significantly broader and asymmetric compared to the n = 3 transitions. The energy shift of the L beta(2) transition results from the ionization of electrons outside the 4d shell that perturbs the transition energies in the ions to higher values. The increased line width and asymmetry result from unresolved transitions from a range of ionization states up to +28. The ionization distribution was determined by comparison of the measured energy shifts and widths to calculated transition energies in W ions, and the ionization was correlated with Gamble discharge parameters such as the anode type and the high voltage delay time. This work demonstrates a new hard X-ray spectroscopic diagnostic technique for the direct measurement of the ionization distribution in warm dense plasmas of the heavy elements W through U that is independent of the other plasma parameters and does not require interpretation by hydrodynamic, atomic kinetics, and radiative simulation codes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Seely, John F.; Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA.
[Weber, B. V.; Phipps, D. G.; Schumer, J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Pereira, N. R.] Ecopulse Inc, Springeld, VA 22150 USA.
[Mosher, D.] USN, Res Lab, Engil Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA.
[Slabkowska, K.; Polasik, M.; Starosta, J.] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Chem, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
[Rzadkiewicz, J.] Natl Ctr Nucl Studies, PL-01497 Warsaw, Poland.
[Hansen, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Hudson, L. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Seely, JF (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Ct, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA.
EM seelyjf@gmail.com
RI Slabkowska, katarzyna/O-8760-2015
FU US Office of Naval Research; US Defense Threat Reduction Agency; US
Department of Energy; Polish National Science Centre
[2011/01/D/ST2/01286]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education;
Framework Programme EURATOM [FU07-CT-2007-00061]
FX This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research, US Defense
Threat Reduction Agency, and the US Department of Energy. This work was
also supported by the Polish National Science Centre under Grant No.
2011/01/D/ST2/01286. This work was partly financed within an
international project co-funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and
Higher Education from the funds for science in 2012 and the Framework
Programme EURATOM within the FU07-CT-2007-00061 contract. The views and
opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the
European Commission. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or
materials are identified in this work in order to specify the
experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended
to imply recommendation or endorsement, nor is it intended to imply that
the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available
for the purpose.
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-1818
EI 1878-0563
J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS
JI High Energy Density Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 9
IS 2
BP 354
EP 362
DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2013.03.005
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 158EN
UT WOS:000319952300020
ER
PT J
AU Gentile, C
AF Gentile, Camillo
TI Using the Kurtosis Measure to Identify Clusters in Wireless Channel
Impulse Responses
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Decay constant; exponential; lognormal
ID IDENTIFICATION; MODEL
AB In wireless channel propagation, multipath arrivals appear at the receiver in clusters. Because the notion of clusters tends to be intuitive rather than well-defined, cluster identification in channel impulse responses has traditionally been carried out through human visual inspection. Besides time-consuming for large-scale measurement campaigns, this approach is subjective and will vary from person to person, leading to arbitrary identification. In response to these concerns, automatic clustering algorithms have emerged in the past decade. Most, however, are laden with settings which are sensitive to different radio-frequency environments, again subject to arbitrariness. In this communication we propose a novel clustering algorithm based on the kurtosis measure which, in related work, has been employed precisely for its channel independence. We compare ours to some recent algorithms through a standard validation procedure on simulated impulse responses. We show the proposed algorithm to deliver better results and, because it requires no channel-specific settings, is inherently robust to different environments. Results of the proposed algorithm are also illustrated on real measurements in four buildings with assorted wall materials.
C1 NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 61
IS 6
BP 3392
EP 3395
DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2253299
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 157BW
UT WOS:000319871400061
ER
PT J
AU Austin, J
Horowitz, LW
Schwarzkopf, MD
Wilson, RJ
Levy, H
AF Austin, John
Horowitz, Larry W.
Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel
Wilson, R. John
Levy, Hiram, II
TI Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature Simulated from the Preindustrial Era
to the Present Day
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CHANGING
CLIMATE; MODEL; IMPACT; TRANSPORT; AIR; AGE
AB Results from the simulation of a coupled chemistry-climate model are presented for the period 1860 to 2005 using the observed greenhouse gas (GHG) and halocarbon concentrations. The model is coupled to a simulated ocean and uniquely includes both detailed tropospheric chemistry and detailed middle atmosphere chemistry, seamlessly from the surface to the model top layer centered at 0.02 hPa. It is found that there are only minor changes in simulated stratospheric temperature and ozone prior to the year 1960. As the halocarbon amounts increase after 1970, the model stratospheric ozone decreases approximately continuously until about 2000. The steadily increasing GHG concentrations cool the stratosphere from the beginning of the twentieth century at a rate that increases with height. During the early period the cooling leads to increased stratospheric ozone. The model results show a strong, albeit temporary, response to volcanic eruptions. While chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations remain low, the effect of eruptions is shown to increase the amount of HNO3, reducing ozone destruction by the NOx catalytic cycle. In the presence of anthropogenic chlorine, after the eruption of El Chichon and Mt. Pinatubo, chlorine radicals increased and the chlorine reservoirs decreased. The net volcanic effect on nitrogen and chlorine chemistry depends on altitude and, for these two volcanoes, leads to an ozone increase in the middle stratosphere and a decrease in the lower stratosphere. Model lower-stratospheric temperatures are also shown to increase during the last three major volcanic eruptions, by about 0.6 K in the global and annual average, consistent with observations.
C1 [Horowitz, Larry W.; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel; Wilson, R. John; Levy, Hiram, II] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Horowitz, LW (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM larry.horowitz@noaa.gov
RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014
OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314
NR 44
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 11
BP 3528
EP 3543
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00162.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155HT
UT WOS:000319739300003
ER
PT J
AU Villarini, G
Vecchi, GA
AF Villarini, Gabriele
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
TI Multiseason Lead Forecast of the North Atlantic Power Dissipation Index
(PDI) and Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE)
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL HURRICANE FREQUENCY; POTENTIAL
INTENSITY; CLIMATE; MODEL; PREDICTION; ENSEMBLE; ENSO; SENSITIVITY;
DESIGN
AB By considering the intensity, duration, and frequency of tropical cyclones, the power dissipation index (PDI) and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) are concise metrics routinely used to assess tropical storm activity. This study focuses on the development of a hybrid statistical-dynamical seasonal forecasting system for the North Atlantic Ocean's PDI and ACE over the period 1982-2011. The statistical model uses only tropical Atlantic and tropical mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to describe the variability exhibited by the observational record, reflecting the role of both local and nonlocal effects on the genesis and development of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic basin. SSTs are predicted using a 10-member ensemble of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1), an experimental dynamical seasonal-to-interannual prediction system. To assess prediction skill, a set of retrospective predictions is initialized for each month from November to April, over the years 1981-2011. The skill assessment indicates that it is possible to make skillful predictions of ACE and PDI starting from November of the previous year: skillful predictions of the seasonally integrated North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity for the coming season could be made even while the current one is still under way. Probabilistic predictions for the 2012 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season are presented.
C1 [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM gabriele-villarini@uiowa.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini,
Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370
FU Iowa Flood Center, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering
FX Gabriele Villarini acknowledges financial support from the Iowa Flood
Center, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering. The authors thank three
anonymous reviewers for useful comments.
NR 57
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 11
BP 3631
EP 3643
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00448.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155HT
UT WOS:000319739300009
ER
PT J
AU Chen, JM
Zhao, P
Yang, S
Liu, G
Zhou, XJ
AF Chen, Junming
Zhao, Ping
Yang, Song
Liu, Ge
Zhou, Xiuji
TI Simulation and Dynamical Prediction of the Summer Asian-Pacific
Oscillation and Associated Climate Anomalies by the NCEP CFSv2
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID FORECAST SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL PREDICTION; MODEL;
PRECIPITATION; MONSOON; ENSO; TELECONNECTION; IMPLEMENTATION
AB The Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) is a dominant teleconnection pattern linking the climate anomalies over Asia, the North Pacific, and other regions including North America. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) successfully simulates many summer-mean features of the upper-tropospheric temperature, the South Asian high, the westerly and easterly jet streams, and the regional monsoons over Asia and Africa. It also well simulates the interannual variability of the APO and associated anomalies in atmospheric circulation, precipitation, surface air temperature (SAT), and sea surface temperature (SST). Associated with a positive APO are a strengthened South Asian high; a weakened extratropical upper-tropospheric westerly jet stream over North America; strengthened subtropical anticyclones over the Northern Hemisphere oceans; and strengthened monsoons over North Africa, India, and East Asia. Meanwhile, increased precipitation is found over tropical North Africa, South Asia, northern China, and tropical South America; decreased precipitation is seen over subtropical North Africa, the Middle East, central Asia, southern China, Japan, and extratropical North America. Low SAT occurs in North Africa, India, and tropical South America and high SAT appears in extratropical Eurasia and North America. SST increases in the extratropical Pacific and the North Atlantic but decreases in the tropical Pacific. The summer APO and many of the associated climate anomalies can be predicted by the NCEP CFSv2 by up to 5 months in advance. However, the CFSv2 skill of predicting the SAT in the East Asian monsoon region is low.
C1 [Chen, Junming; Zhao, Ping] State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Chen, Junming; Zhao, Ping; Liu, Ge; Zhou, Xiuji] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Zhao, P (reprint author), State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhaop@cma.gov.cn
FU Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
[2010Z001, 2010Z003]; Special Project of the China Meteorological
Administration [GYHY200906017]; National Key Basic Research Project of
China [2009CB421404]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
[40890052, 40890053]
FX This work was sponsored by the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese
Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grants 2010Z001 and 2010Z003), the
Special Project of the China Meteorological Administration (Grant
GYHY200906017), the National Key Basic Research Project of China
(2009CB421404), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(40890052 and 40890053).
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 11
BP 3644
EP 3656
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00368.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155HT
UT WOS:000319739300010
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, XW
Yang, S
Li, YQ
Kumar, A
Liu, XW
Zuo, ZY
Jha, B
AF Jiang, Xingwen
Yang, Song
Li, Yueqing
Kumar, Arun
Liu, Xiangwen
Zuo, Zhiyan
Jha, Bhaskar
TI Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction of the Asian Summer Monsoon in the
NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AUSTRALIAN MONSOON; WESTERN PACIFIC; LEADING
MODES; VARIABILITY; ONSET; PREDICTABILITY; CIRCULATION; PRECIPITATION;
SIMULATIONS
AB The NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) is an important source of information for seasonal climate prediction in many Asian countries affected by monsoon climate. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the prediction of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) by the new CFS version 2 (CFSv2) using the hindcast for 1983-2010, focusing on seasonal-to-interannual time scales. Many ASM features are well predicted by the CFSv2, including heavy monsoon rainfall centers, large-scale monsoon circulation patterns, and monsoon onset and retreat features. Several commonly used dynamical monsoon indices and their associated precipitation and circulation patterns can be predicted several months in advance. The CFSv2 has better skill in predicting the Southeast Asian monsoon than predicting the South Asian monsoon. Compared to CFS version 1 (CFSv1), the CFSv2 has increased skill in predicting large-scale monsoon circulation and precipitation features but decreased skill for the South Asian monsoon, although some biases in the CFSv1 still exist in the CFSv2, especially the weaker-than-observed western Pacific subtropical high and the exaggerated strong link of the ASM to ENSO.
Comparison of CFSv2 hindcast with output from Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) simulations indicates that exclusion of ocean-atmosphere coupling leads to a weaker ASM. Compared to AMIP, both hindcast and CMIP show a more realistic annual cycle of precipitation, and the interannual variability of the ASM is better in hindcast. However, CMIP does not show any advantage in depicting the processes associated with the interannual variability of major dynamical monsoon indices compared to AMIP.
C1 [Jiang, Xingwen; Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song; Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Liu, Xiangwen] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Zuo, Zhiyan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 W Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105061]; National Basic
Research Program of China [2012CB417202]; Basic Research and Operation
Program of the Institute of Plateau Meteorology, CMA [BROP201215]; Open
Research Fund Program of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key
Laboratory of Sichuan Province [PAEKL-2011-C2]; U.S. National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration; China Meteorological Administration
Bilateral Program
FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive
comments, which improved the overall quality of the paper. This study
was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Grant 41105061), the National Basic Research Program of China
(Grant 2012CB417202), the Basic Research and Operation Program of the
Institute of Plateau Meteorology, CMA (Grant BROP201215), and the Open
Research Fund Program of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key
Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Grant PAEKL-2011-C2). Xingwen Jiang, who
was partially supported by U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and China Meteorological Administration Bilateral
Program, thanks NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for hosting his visit
while this study was conducted.
NR 42
TC 33
Z9 36
U1 5
U2 19
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 11
BP 3708
EP 3727
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00437.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155HT
UT WOS:000319739300014
ER
PT J
AU Vecchi, GA
Fueglistaler, S
Held, IM
Knutson, TR
Zhao, M
AF Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Fueglistaler, Stephan
Held, Isaac M.
Knutson, Thomas R.
Zhao, Ming
TI Impacts of Atmospheric Temperature Trends on Tropical Cyclone Activity
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC HURRICANE FREQUENCY; QUASI-BIENNIAL
OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; POTENTIAL INTENSITY;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; POWER DISSIPATION; CO2 INCREASE; SIMULATIONS;
VARIABILITY
AB Impacts of tropical temperature changes in the upper troposphere (UT) and the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity are explored. UT and lower TTL cooling both lead to an overall increase in potential intensity (PI), while temperature changes at 70 hPa and higher have negligible effect. Idealized experiments with a high-resolution global model show that lower temperatures in the UT are associated with increases in global and North Atlantic TC frequency, but modeled TC frequency changes are not significantly affected by TTL temperature changes nor do they scale directly with PI.
Future projections of hurricane activity have been made with models that simulate the recent upward Atlantic TC trends while assuming or simulating very different tropical temperature trends. Recent Atlantic TC trends have been simulated by (i) high-resolution global models with nearly moist-adiabatic warming profiles and (ii) regional TC downscaling systems that impose the very strong UT and TTL trends of the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, an outlier among observational estimates. The impact of these differences in temperature trends on TC activity is comparable to observed TC changes, affecting assessments of the connection between hurricanes and climate. Therefore, understanding the character of and mechanisms behind changes in UT and TTL temperature is important to understanding past and projecting future TC activity changes. The UT and TTL temperature trends in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis are unlikely to be accurate and likely drive spuriously positive TC and PI trends and an inflated connection between absolute surface temperature warming and TC activity increases.
C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Held, Isaac M.; Knutson, Thomas R.; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Zhao, Ming] UCAR, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton Forrestal Campus Route 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Zhao,
Ming/C-6928-2014
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X;
NR 78
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 44
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 11
BP 3877
EP 3891
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155HT
UT WOS:000319739300023
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JSF
Tezak, EP
Berejikian, BA
AF Lee, J. S. F.
Tezak, E. P.
Berejikian, B. A.
TI Telemetry tag effects on juvenile lingcod Ophiodon elongatus movement: a
laboratory and field study
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic telemetry; movement behaviour; site fidelity
AB This study tested the behavioural effects of tagging subyearling and yearling lingcod Ophiodon elongatus with acoustic telemetry tags in laboratory tanks and in the natural environment (Puget Sound, WA). In the laboratory, tagged individuals showed less movement and feeding behaviour soon after tagging than untagged controls. The effect dissipated after c. 1 week, presumably as the tagged O. elongatus recovered from surgery or adjusted to the presence of the tags. This dissipation enabled a field study that compared early-tagged individuals with a long recovery period after tagging to recently-tagged individuals with a short recovery period after tagging. Consistent with findings from the laboratory experiment, recently tagged individuals showed less movement away from three release sites in Puget Sound than early-tagged individuals. Together, the laboratory and field results provide evidence of temporary tag effects on actual movement in the natural environment and provide a method for testing tag effects in the field. This study suggests that subyearling and yearling O. elongatus should be held for a recovery period before release. If holding after tagging is not an option, then movement data collected during the first week should be interpreted cautiously.
C1 [Lee, J. S. F.; Tezak, E. P.; Berejikian, B. A.] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
EM Jon.Lee@noaa.gov
FU Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE); Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife's Puget Sound Recreational Fisheries
Enhancement Fund; NOAA Fisheries
FX The authors thank T. Wright (Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission) and
the dive teams led by O. Eveningsong (Washington Department of Fish and
Wildlife) and M. Racine (Washington SCUBA Alliance) for egg collections.
Ophiodon elongatus rearing and husbandry were conducted by M. Cook and
J. Atkins. J. Atkins, K. Doctor, R. Endicott and M. Moore occasionally
assisted with field surveys. Funding was provided by the Science
Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE), the Washington Department of
Fish and Wildlife's Puget Sound Recreational Fisheries Enhancement Fund
and NOAA Fisheries.
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 82
IS 6
BP 1848
EP 1857
DI 10.1111/jfb.12111
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 157NE
UT WOS:000319903100006
PM 23731140
ER
PT J
AU Pothoven, SA
Fahnenstiel, GL
AF Pothoven, Steven A.
Fahnenstiel, Gary L.
TI Recent change in summer chlorophyll a dynamics of southeastern Lake
Michigan
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Dreissenids; Phytoplankton; Phosphorus; Great Lakes; Deep chlorophyll
maximum; Deep chlorophyll layer
ID PARTICULATE MATTER; GREAT-LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOSPHORUS; MAXIMUM;
ZOOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; PREDATION; CARBON; LAYER
AB Six offshore stations in southeastern Lake Michigan were sampled during a pre quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis period (1995-2000) and a post quagga mussel period (2007-2011). Chlorophyll a fluorescence profiles were used to characterize chlorophyll a concentrations during early (June-July) and late (August-September) summer stratification. During the early summer period the average whole water column chlorophyll a, the deep chlorophyll maximum, and the size of deep chlorophyll layer decreased 50%, 55%, and 92%, respectively, between 1995-2000 and 2007-2011. By contrast, in late summer there were no changes in these metrics between periods. Surface mixed layer chlorophyll a in early and late summer did not differ between time periods. On the other hand, chlorophyll a in the near bottom zone (bottom 20 m) declined 63% and 54% between 1995-2000 and 2007-2011 in early and late summer respectively. Changes in total phosphorus between 1995-2000 and 2007-2011 were less dramatic, with declines of 22-27% in early summer and 11-30% in late summer. Changes in the chlorophyll a conditions were attributed to dreissenid mussels which reduced material available from the spring bloom and disrupted the horizontal transport of nutrients to the offshore. Although light availability increased (i.e., increased secchi depths), reduced nutrient availability and spring diatom abundance resulted in a much smaller deep chlorophyll layer in 2007-2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research.
C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
[Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Great Lakes Res Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; glfahnen@mtu.edu
OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
NR 38
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 48
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 39
IS 2
BP 287
EP 294
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.02.005
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 155YH
UT WOS:000319785900011
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Pothoven, SA
Kao, YC
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Pothoven, Steven A.
Kao, Yu-Chun
TI Reevaluation of lake trout and lake whitefish bioenergetics models
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bioenergetics models; Changes in energy density; Energy budget balancing
algorithm; Model evaluation; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Tracers of food
consumption
ID COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; MICHIGAN; FISH; CONSUMPTION; TEMPERATURE;
PATTERNS; BLOATER
AB Using a corrected algorithm for balancing the energy budget, we reevaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the laboratory and for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the laboratory and in the field. For lake trout, results showed that the bioenergetics model slightly overestimated food consumption by the lake trout when they were fed low and intermediate rations, whereas the model predicted food consumption by lake trout fed ad libitum without any detectable bias. The slight bias in model predictions for lake trout on restricted rations may have been an artifact of the feeding schedule for these fish, and we would therefore recommend application of the Wisconsin lake trout bioenergetics model to lake trout populations in the field without any revisions to the model. Use of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for coregonids resulted in overestimation of food consumption by lake whitefish both in the laboratory and in the field by between 20 and 30%, on average. This overestimation of food consumption was most likely due to overestimation of respiration rate. We therefore adjusted the respiration component of the bioenergetics model to obtain a good fit to the observed consumption in our laboratory tanks. The adjusted model predicted the consumption in the laboratory and the field without any detectable bias. Until a detailed lake whitefish respiration study can be conducted, we recommend application of our adjusted version of the Wisconsin generalized coregonid bioenergetics model to lake whitefish populations in the field. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
[Kao, Yu-Chun] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov; kyuchun@umich.edu
RI Kao, Yu-Chun/E-1496-2017;
OI Kao, Yu-Chun/0000-0001-5552-909X; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 39
IS 2
BP 358
EP 364
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.011
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 155YH
UT WOS:000319785900020
ER
PT J
AU Gaither, MS
Gates, RS
Kirkpatrick, R
Cook, RF
DelRio, FW
AF Gaither, Michael S.
Gates, Richard S.
Kirkpatrick, Rebecca
Cook, Robert F.
DelRio, Frank W.
TI Etching Process Effects on Surface Structure, Fracture Strength, and
Reliability of Single-Crystal Silicon Theta-Like Specimens
SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Materials testing; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); reliability;
silicon; stress measurement
ID MEASURING MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; MICROMACHINED
SURFACES; SMALL-SCALE; MEMS; ADHESION; POLYSILICON; TOUGHNESS; FILMS
AB The etching processes used to produce microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) leave residual surface features that typically limit device strength and, consequently, device lifetime and reliability. In order to optimize MEMS device reliability, it is therefore necessary to determine the effects that these etching processes have on MEMS component strength. The microscale theta specimen, which is shaped like the Greek letter Theta, acts as a tensile test specimen when loaded in compression by generating a uniform tensile stress in the central web region of the specimen. Three sets of single-crystal silicon theta specimens are fabricated using two deep reactive ion etching recipes and a temperature-controlled cryogenic plasma etching recipe, each set resulting in a different specimen surface structure. The resulting strength distributions are analyzed in two ways. First, the strength data are fit to a three-parameter Weibull distribution function to determine the lower bound, or threshold strength, of each distribution. Second, the strength data are used in conjunction with various loading schemes to assess their effect on the lifetime spectrum of the device. In both approaches, the theta specimen is used to great effect to gain quantitative insight into the role of etching-induced surface features on the manufacturing yield and operational reliability of MEMS components.
C1 [Gaither, Michael S.; Gates, Richard S.; Kirkpatrick, Rebecca; Cook, Robert F.; DelRio, Frank W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kirkpatrick, Rebecca] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Gaither, MS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM michael.gaither@nist.gov; richard.gates@nist.gov;
rebecca.kirkpatrick@nist.gov; robert.cook@nist.gov;
frank.delrio@nist.gov
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 31
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1057-7157
J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S
JI J. Microelectromech. Syst.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 22
IS 3
BP 589
EP 602
DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2234724
PG 14
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments &
Instrumentation; Physics
GA 156MZ
UT WOS:000319827700010
ER
PT J
AU Kwon, EY
Downes, SM
Sarmiento, JL
Farneti, R
Deutsch, C
AF Kwon, Eun Young
Downes, Stephanie M.
Sarmiento, Jorge L.
Farneti, Riccardo
Deutsch, Curtis
TI Role of the Seasonal Cycle in the Subduction Rates of Upper-Southern
Ocean Waters
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE EDDIES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MIXED-LAYER; MASS FORMATION;
CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; VENTILATION; PACIFIC; MODEL; FLOW
AB A kinematic approach is used to diagnose the subduction rates of upper-Southern Ocean waters across seasonally migrating density outcrops at the base of the mixed layer. From an Eulerian viewpoint, the term representing the temporal change in the mixed layer depth (which is labeled as the temporal induction in this study; i.e., S-temp = partial derivative h/partial derivative t where h is the mixed layer thickness, and t is time) vanishes over several annual cycles. Following seasonally migrating density outcrops, however, the temporal induction is attributed partly to the temporal change in the mixed layer thickness averaged over a density outcrop following its seasonally varying position and partly to the lateral movement of the outcrop position intersecting the sloping mixed layer base. Neither the temporal induction following an outcrop nor its integral over the outcrop area vanishes over several annual cycles. Instead, the seasonal eddy subduction, which arises primarily because of the subannual correlations between the seasonal cycles of the mixed layer depth and the outcrop area, explains the key mechanism by which mode waters are transferred from the mixed layer to the underlying pycnocline. The time-mean exchange rate of waters across the base of the mixed layer is substantially different from the exchange rate of waters across the fixed winter mixed layer base in mode water density classes. Nearly 40% of the newly formed Southern Ocean mode waters appear to be diapycnally transformed within the seasonal pycnocline before either being subducted into the main pycnocline or entrained back to the mixed layer through lighter density classes.
C1 [Kwon, Eun Young; Deutsch, Curtis] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Acton, Australia.
[Downes, Stephanie M.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Acton, ACT, Australia.
[Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy.
RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
EM ekwon76@snu.ac.kr
RI Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011
FU NOAA Award [NA07OAR4310096]; NSF Award [ANT-1040957]
FX We thank Andrew Stewart, Stephen Griffies, and Gualtiero Badin for
invaluable discussions and comments on the paper. We also thank James
McWilliams, Andrew Thompson, Anand Gnanadesikan, and Francois Primeau
for discussions. We are especially grateful to Kevin Speer, David
Marshall, Richard Williams, and an anonymous reviewer for their
generous, constructive, and insightful comments. E.Y.K. and J.L.S.
acknowledge support by NOAA Award NA07OAR4310096 and NSF Award
ANT-1040957.
NR 41
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 43
IS 6
BP 1096
EP 1113
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-060.1
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 161AN
UT WOS:000320162300002
ER
PT J
AU Uhlhorn, EW
Shay, LK
AF Uhlhorn, Eric W.
Shay, Lynn K.
TI Loop Current Mixed Layer Energy Response to Hurricane Lili (2002). Part
II: Idealized Numerical Simulations
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; OCEAN CURRENT RESPONSE; COUPLED MODEL;
MOMENTUM FLUX; WAVE WAKE; WIND; PROFILES
AB In this second part of a two-part study, details of the upper-ocean response within an idealized baroclinic current to a translating tropical cyclone are examined in a series of nonlinear, reduced-gravity numerical simulations. Based on observations obtained as part of a joint NOAA-National Science Foundation (NSF) experiment in Hurricane Lili (2002), the preexisting ocean mass and momentum fields are initialized with a Gulf of Mexico Loop Current-like jet, which is subsequently forced by a vortex whose wind stress field approximates that observed in the Lili experiments. Because of 1) favorable coupling between the wind stress and preexisting current vectors, and 2) wind-driven currents flowing across the large horizontal pressure gradient, wind energy transfer to the mixed layer can be more efficient in such a regime as compared to the case of an initially horizontally homogeneous ocean. However, nearly all energy is removed by advection and wave flux by two local inertial periods after storm passage, consistent with the observational results. Experiments are performed to quantify differences in one-dimensional and three-dimensional linearized approximations to the full model equations. In addition, sensitivity experiments to variations in the initial geostrophic current structure are performed to develop a parameter space over which a significant energy response could optimally be observed.
C1 [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL USA.
RP Uhlhorn, EW (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov
RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014
OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342
FU multi-agency Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP); NSF
[AGS-04-44525]; NASA Hurricane Science Program [NASA-NNX09AC47G]; Gulf
of Mexico Research Institute Deep-C Project at the Florida State
University; Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Dynamics of the Loop
Current Study (MMS Contract) [M08PC20052]
FX EWU acknowledges the support provided by the multi-agency Hurricane
Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). LKS acknowledges support from the
NSF (AGS-04-44525), NASA Hurricane Science Program (NASA-NNX09AC47G),
the Gulf of Mexico Research Institute Deep-C Project at the Florida
State University, and the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean
Energy Management Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Dynamics of the
Loop Current Study (MMS Contract M08PC20052). The project continues to
be grateful to the pilots, engineers, and technicians at NOAA's Aircraft
Operation Center (Dr. James McFadden, Chief, Programs and Projects) who
make it possible to acquire high quality data during hurricanes through
the Hurricane Field Program Intensity Forecasting Experiments (IFEX) and
HFIP. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. George Halliwell (NOAA/AOML) and two
annoymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved the
quality of the manuscript.
NR 48
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 43
IS 6
BP 1173
EP 1192
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0203.1
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 161AN
UT WOS:000320162300006
ER
PT J
AU Courtois, J
Bielska, K
Hodges, JT
AF Courtois, Jeromie
Bielska, Katarzyna
Hodges, Joseph T.
TI Differential cavity ring-down spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL-LINES; DOPPLER; PRESSURE; O-2
AB High-precision cavity-enhanced spectroscopic measurements are commonly compromised by interferences caused by external etalons. Here, we present the differential cavity ring-down spectroscopy (D-CRDS) technique for reducing these perturbations. We discuss how etalons are caused by coupled-cavity interactions between the primary ring-down cavity and other optical elements of the experiment, and we model and experimentally verify how drift in cavity base loss correlates with barometric pressure and laboratory temperature. D-CRDS measurements of near-infrared CO2 spectra that are insensitive to etalon-induced distortions are then presented. Based on an average of similar to 100 spectra, these results yield a signal-to-noise ratio of 170; 000: 1 and a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 4 x 10(-12) cm(-1). (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
C1 [Courtois, Jeromie; Bielska, Katarzyna; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bielska, Katarzyna] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov
RI Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas and
Climate Science Measurements Program; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun,
Poland; Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project; EU European Regional
Development Fund
FX This research was supported by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements
Program. K. B. performed this research at NIST and was also partially
supported by the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and the
Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project cofinanced by the EU European
Regional Development Fund.
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 42
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1486
EP 1495
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001486
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 155HR
UT WOS:000319739100014
ER
PT J
AU Quinlan, F
Fortier, TM
Jiang, HF
Diddams, SA
AF Quinlan, Franklyn
Fortier, Tara M.
Jiang, Haifeng
Diddams, Scott A.
TI Analysis of shot noise in the detection of ultrashort optical pulse
trains
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; PHASE-NOISE; MICROWAVE GENERATION; QUANTUM-NOISE;
TIMING JITTER; SIGNAL; INTERFEROMETERS; AMPLITUDE; LIGHT;
SYNCHRONIZATION
AB We present a frequency domain model of shot noise in the photodetection of ultrashort optical pulse trains using a time-varying analysis. Shot-noise-limited photocurrent power spectral densities, signal-to-noise expressions, and shot-noise spectral correlations are derived that explicitly include the finite response of the photodetector. It is shown that the strength of the spectral correlations in the shot noise depends on the optical pulsewidth, and that these correlations can create orders-of-magnitude imbalance between the shot-noise-limited amplitude and phase noise of photonically generated microwave carriers. It is also shown that only by accounting for spectral correlations can shot noise be equated with the fundamental quantum limit in the detection of optical pulse-to-pulse timing jitter.
C1 [Quinlan, Franklyn; Fortier, Tara M.; Jiang, Haifeng; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov
RI jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
FU NIST; DARPA PULSE program
FX We thank P. Winzer, E. Ivanov, J. Davila-Rodriguez, N. Newbury, and N.
Ashby for their contributions and comments on this manuscript. This work
was supported by NIST and the DARPA PULSE program. It is a contribution
of an agency of the US government and is not subject to copyright in the
USA.
NR 57
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 20
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
EI 1520-8540
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1775
EP 1785
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001775
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 155HR
UT WOS:000319739100054
ER
PT J
AU Feng, XJ
Gillis, KA
Moldover, MR
Mehl, JB
AF Feng, XiaoJuan
Gillis, Keith A.
Moldover, Michael R.
Mehl, James B.
TI Microwave-cavity measurements for gas thermometry up to the copper point
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID RELATIVE PERMITTIVITIES; RESONATOR
AB This work explores the feasibility of acoustic gas thermometry (AGT) in the range 700 K to the copper point (1358 K) in order to more accurately measure the differences between ITS-90 and the thermodynamic temperature. To test material suitability and stability, we investigated microwave resonances in argon-filled cylindrical cavities machined from a Ni-Cr-Fe alloy. We measured the frequencies of five non-degenerate microwave modes of one cavity at temperatures up to 1349 K using home-made coaxial cables and antennas. The short-term repeatability of both the measured frequencies f(N) and the scaled half-widths g(N)/f(N) was better than 10(-6) f(N). Oxidation was not a problem while clean argon flowed through the cavity. The measurement techniques are compatible with highly accurate AGT and may be adaptable to refractive index gas thermometry.
C1 [Feng, XiaoJuan] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
[Gillis, Keith A.; Moldover, Michael R.; Mehl, James B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Feng, XJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
EM fengxj@nim.ac.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51106143, 51276175,
61001034]
FX The authors thank Jim Schmidt, Wes Tew, Dean Ripple, Greg Strouse for
their advice, Karen Garrity for thermocouple calibrations, Jeffrey
Anderson for modifying silica insulators, John Jendzursk for the use of
a microwave vector analyser, and Keith Moore from Haynes International
Inc. for providing alloy samples. XiaoJuan Feng was supported by the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 51106143, No
51276175 and No 61001034).
NR 16
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U1 2
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 50
IS 3
BP 219
EP 226
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/50/3/219
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 156DI
UT WOS:000319800600004
ER
PT J
AU Hacker, JP
Angevine, WM
AF Hacker, J. P.
Angevine, W. M.
TI Ensemble Data Assimilation to Characterize Surface-Layer Errors in
Numerical Weather Prediction Models
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; PART
I; CLOUD MODEL; FLUXES; STATE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; SENSITIVITY; PBL
AB Experiments with the single-column implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model provide a basis for deducing land-atmosphere coupling errors in the model. Coupling occurs both through heat and moisture fluxes through the land-atmosphere interface and roughness sublayer, and turbulent heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes through the atmospheric surface layer. This work primarily addresses the turbulent fluxes, which are parameterized following the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied to the atmospheric surface layer. By combining ensemble data assimilation and parameter estimation, the model error can be characterized. Ensemble data assimilation of 2-m temperature and water vapor mixing ratio, and 10-m wind components, forces the model to follow observations during a month-long simulation for a column over the well-instrumented Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Central Facility near Lamont, Oklahoma. One-hour errors in predicted observations are systematically small but nonzero, and the systematic errors measure bias as a function of local time of day. Analysis increments for state elements nearby (15 m AGL) can be too small or have the wrong sign, indicating systematically biased covariances and model error. Experiments using the ensemble filter to objectively estimate a parameter controlling the thermal land-atmosphere coupling show that the parameter adapts to offset the model errors, but that the errors cannot be eliminated. Results suggest either structural errors or further parametric errors that may be difficult to estimate. Experiments omitting atypical observations such as soil and flux measurements lead to qualitatively similar deductions, showing the potential for assimilating common in situ observations as an inexpensive framework for deducing and isolating model errors.
C1 [Hacker, J. P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Angevine, W. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Angevine, W. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
EM hacker@nps.edu
RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116;
FU Office of Naval Research Award [N0001410WX20059]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research, Environmental Sciences Division
FX This research was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research Award
N0001410WX20059. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
Environmental Sciences Division. This work benefited tremendously from
conversations with Jeff Anderson and Glen Romine, and help from the rest
of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed group.
NR 50
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U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 6
BP 1804
EP 1821
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00280.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 156ZN
UT WOS:000319864300004
ER
PT J
AU Aksoy, A
Aberson, SD
Vukicevic, T
Sellwood, KJ
Lorsolo, S
Zhang, XJ
AF Aksoy, Altug
Aberson, Sim D.
Vukicevic, Tomislava
Sellwood, Kathryn J.
Lorsolo, Sylvie
Zhang, Xuejin
TI Assimilation of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Observations with an
Ensemble Kalman Filter Using NOAA/AOML/HRD's HEDAS: Evaluation of the
2008-11 Vortex-Scale Analyses
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; VERTICAL
DIFFUSION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; HURRICANE; MODEL; WIND; SYSTEM;
PHYSICS
AB The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) is developed to assimilate tropical cyclone inner-core observations for high-resolution vortex initialization. It is based on a serial implementation of the square root ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In this study, HWRF is used in an experimental configuration with horizontal grid spacing of 9 (3) km on the outer (inner) domain. HEDAS is applied to 83 cases from years 2008 to 2011. With the exception of two Hurricane Hilary (2011) cases in the eastern North Pacific basin, all cases are observed in the Atlantic basin. Observed storm intensity for these cases ranges from tropical depression to category-4 hurricane.
Overall, it is found that high-resolution tropical cyclone observations, when assimilated with an advanced data assimilation technique such as the EnKF, result in analyses of the primary circulation that are realistic in terms of intensity, wavenumber-0 radial structure, as well as wavenumber-1 azimuthal structure. Representing the secondary circulation in the analyses is found to be more challenging with systematic errors in the magnitude and depth of the low-level radial inflow. This is believed to result from a model bias in the experimental HWRF caused by the overdiffusive nature of the planetary boundary layer parameterization utilized. Thermodynamic deviations from the observed structure are believed to be caused by both an imbalance between the number of the kinematic and thermodynamic observations in general and the suboptimal ensemble covariances between kinematic and thermodynamic fields. Future plans are discussed to address these challenges.
C1 [Aksoy, Altug; Sellwood, Kathryn J.; Lorsolo, Sylvie; Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Aksoy, Altug; Aberson, Sim D.; Vukicevic, Tomislava; Sellwood, Kathryn J.; Lorsolo, Sylvie; Zhang, Xuejin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Aksoy, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM aaksoy@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Vukicevic,
Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Sellwood,
Kathryn/H-6500-2014; Wan, Yueh-hsien/M-5197-2014
OI Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710; Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100;
Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Sellwood,
Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101;
FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP); CIMAS, a joint
institute of the University of Miami [NA67RJ0149]; CIMAS, a joint
institute of the NOAA [NA67RJ0149]
FX The authors acknowledge funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project (HFIP) that supported this work and provided the
computing resources. This research was carried out (in part) under the
auspices of CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and
NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0149. HRD Director Dr. Frank Mark's
guidance and leadership have been instrumental in the success of the
HEDAS project. The commitment and effort of NOAA Aircraft Operations
Center and Air Force Reserve flight crews in providing observations is
greatly appreciated. Shirley Murillo and Bachir Annane from the HRD
H*Wind group have provided the H*Wind data. Dr. Jeffrey Whitaker of
NOAA/ESRL has provided the GFS/EnKF data. HRD internal reviewers Dr.
Paul Reasor and Jason Dunion are also acknowledged for their
constructive criticism to improve the manuscript. Dr. Jason Sippel and
another anonymous reviewer have provided very valuable peer reviews to
bring the manuscript to its final form.
NR 50
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U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 6
BP 1842
EP 1865
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00194.1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 156ZN
UT WOS:000319864300006
ER
PT J
AU Wood, VT
White, LW
Willoughby, HE
Jorgensen, DP
AF Wood, Vincent T.
White, Luther W.
Willoughby, Hugh E.
Jorgensen, David P.
TI A New Parametric Tropical Cyclone Tangential Wind Profile Model
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CONCENTRIC EYEWALL FORMATION; PRIMARY HURRICANE VORTEX; BOUNDARY-LAYER
JETS; PART II; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; PRIMARY CIRCULATION; TYPHOON
STRUCTURE; CORE; PRESSURE; EYE
AB A new parametric tropical cyclone (TC) wind profile model is presented for depicting representative surface pressure profiles corresponding to multiple-maxima wind profiles that exhibit single-, dual-, and triple-maximum concentric-eyewall wind peaks associated with the primary (inner), secondary (first outer), and tertiary (second outer) complete rings of enhanced radar reflectivity. One profile employs five key parameters: tangential velocity maximum, radius of the maximum, and three different shape velocity parameters related to the shape of the profile. After tailoring the model for TC applications, a gradient wind is computed from a cyclostrophic wind formulated in terms of the cyclostrophic Rossby number. A pressure, via cyclostrophic balance, was partitioned into separate pressure components that corresponded to multiple-maxima cyclostrophic wind profiles in order to quantitatively evaluate the significant fluctuations in central pressure deficits. The model TC intensity in terms of varying growth, size, and decay velocity profiles was analyzed in relation to changing each of five key parameters. Analytical results show that the first shape velocity parameter, changing a sharply to broadly peaked wind profile, increases the TC intensity and size by producing the corresponding central pressure fall. An increase (decrease) in the second (third) shape velocity parameter yields the pressure rise (fall) by decreasing (increasing) the inner (outer) wind profile inside (outside) the radius of the maximum. When a single-maximum tangential wind profile evolves to multiple-maxima tangential wind profiles during an eye replacement cycle, the pressure falls and rises are sensitively fluctuated.
C1 [Wood, Vincent T.; Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[White, Luther W.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Math, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Willoughby, Hugh E.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
RP Wood, VT (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 3921, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM vincent.wood@noaa.gov
NR 56
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U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 6
BP 1884
EP 1909
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00115.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 156ZN
UT WOS:000319864300008
ER
PT J
AU Kingsmill, DE
Neiman, PJ
Moore, BJ
Hughes, M
Yuter, SE
Ralph, FM
AF Kingsmill, David E.
Neiman, Paul J.
Moore, Benjamin J.
Hughes, Mimi
Yuter, Sandra E.
Ralph, F. Martin
TI Kinematic and Thermodynamic Structures of Sierra Barrier Jets and
Overrunning Atmospheric Rivers during a Landfalling Winter Storm in
Northern California
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION EVENT; AIRBORNE DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS;
COLD-FRONT; NEVADA MOUNTAINS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SNOW LINE; AIR-FLOW; COAST;
CALJET; UPSTREAM
AB This study characterizes kinematic and thermodynamic structures of Sierra barrier jets (SBJs), atmospheric rivers (ARs), and their interaction over the period 14-16 February 2011 when a winter storm made landfall in northern California. A suite of scanning and profiling Doppler radars, rawinsondes, and GPS receivers is used to document these structures across the Central Valley and up the western Sierra slope to the crest along an similar to 200-km segment of the Sierra. The winter storm is grouped into two episodes, each having an AR that made landfall. Low-level winds in the SBJ observed during episode 1 were southeasterly and embedded in a stably stratified air mass. Along-barrier wind speeds U-340 reached maximum values of 25-30 m s(-1), as low as similar to 0.2 km MSL over the Central Valley, and as high as; similar to 1.5 km MSL over the western Sierra slope. Southwesterly winds associated with the AR overlaid the SBJ along an interface that sloped upward from southwest to northeast with a southwestern extent at the western edge of the Central Valley. In contrast, low-level winds in the SBJ observed during episode 2 were more southerly and embedded in a less stable air mass. The U-340 reached maximum values that were slightly weaker (similar to 20-25 m s(-1)) and spread over a thicker layer that extended to higher levels over the western Sierra (similar to 2.5 km MSL). Southwesterly winds associated with the AR overlaying the SBJ tilted upward from southwest to northeast with a steeper slope but did not extend as far southwest.
C1 [Kingsmill, David E.; Moore, Benjamin J.; Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kingsmill, David E.; Neiman, Paul J.; Moore, Benjamin J.; Hughes, Mimi; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Yuter, Sandra E.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Kingsmill, DE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM david.kingsmill@colorado.edu
RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015
OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X
FU NOAA; California Energy Commission
FX The authors thank the NOAA/ESRL observing systems team for deploying and
operating the instrumentation whose data were employed in this study. We
also acknowledge NOAA/NWS for providing supplemental soundings from
Oakland and granting our request to operate the KDAX and KBBX WSR-88D
radars in VCP-12. Jim Means of Scripps provided spatial analyses of
GPS-derived integrated water vapor that provided important context for
this study. Gary Wick of ESRL generated the serial rawinsonde analyses
that were used to create Fig. 4. Figures 5 and 10 were skillfully
drafted by Jim Adams. We appreciate the comments and suggestions of
Ellen Sukovich and Ola Persson of ESRL and two anonymous reviewers on
earlier versions of this manuscript. This research and the associated
data collection were supported jointly by NOAA and the California Energy
Commission.
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 6
BP 2015
EP 2036
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00277.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 156ZN
UT WOS:000319864300014
ER
PT J
AU Hamill, TM
Yang, FL
Cardinali, C
Majumdar, SJ
AF Hamill, Thomas M.
Yang, Fanglin
Cardinali, Carla
Majumdar, Sharanya J.
TI Impact of Targeted Winter Storm Reconnaissance Dropwindsonde Data on
Midlatitude Numerical Weather Predictions
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFORM KALMAN-FILTER; NORTH PACIFIC; FORECASTS; PROGRAM
AB The impact of assimilating data from the 2011 Winter Storm Reconnaissance (WSR) program on numerical weather forecasts was assessed. Parallel sets of analyses and deterministic 120-h numerical forecasts were generated using the ECMWF four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) and Integrated Forecast System. One set of analyses was generated with all of the normally assimilated data plus WSR targeted dropwindsonde data, the other with only the normally assimilated data. Forecasts were then generated from the two analyses. The comparison covered the period from 10 January to 28 March 2011, during which 98 flights and 776 total dropwindsondes were deployed from four different air bases in the Pacific basin and the United States. The dropwindsondes were deployed in situations where guidance indicated the potential for high-impact weather and/or the potential for large subsequent forecast errors. Downstream target verification regions where the high-impact weather was expected were identified for each case. Forecast errors around the target verification regions were evaluated using an approximation to the total-energy norm. Precipitation forecasts were also evaluated over the contiguous United States using the equitable threat score and bias.
Forecast impacts were generally neutral and thus smaller than reported in previous studies, most from over a decade ago, perhaps because of the improved forecast and assimilation system and the somewhat denser observation network. Target areas may also have been undersampled in this study. The neutral results from 2011 suggest that it may be more beneficial to explore other targeted observation concepts for the mid-latitudes, such as assimilation of a denser set of cloud-drift winds and radiance data in dynamically sensitive regions.
C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Yang, Fanglin] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA.
[Yang, Fanglin] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Cardinali, Carla] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Majumdar, Sharanya J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Fanglin/A-1948-2013
FU NOAA/THORPEX program
FX Members of the THORPEX Data Assimilation and Observing Systems Committee
are thanked for providing guidance on the experimental design and the
methods for verification and for informal reviews of this manuscript.
Publication of this article was supported with a grant from the
NOAA/THORPEX program, managed by John Cortinas, director of the Office
of Weather and Air Quality.
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 6
BP 2058
EP 2065
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00309.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 156ZN
UT WOS:000319864300016
ER
PT J
AU Rea, LD
Castellini, JM
Correa, L
Fadely, BS
O'Hara, TM
AF Rea, Lorrie D.
Castellini, J. Margaret
Correa, Lucero
Fadely, Brian S.
O'Hara, Todd M.
TI Maternal Steller sea lion diets elevate fetal mercury concentrations in
an area of population decline
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Total mercury; Hair; Blood; Stable isotopes; Steller sea lions
ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; HEALTH; PACIFIC; MINK; AGE;
ALEUTIANS; FEATHERS; BIRDS; FISH
AB Total mercury concentrations ([THg]) measured in western Aleutian Island Steller sea lion pup hair were the highest maximum [THg] documented in this endangered species to date. Some pups exceeded concentrations at which other fish-eating mammals can exhibit adverse neurological and reproductive effects (21% and 15% pups above 20 and 30 mu g/g in hair, respectively). Of particular concern is fetal exposure to mercury during a particularly vulnerable stage of neurological development in late gestation. Hair and blood [THg] were highly correlated and 20% of pups sampled in the western Aleutian Islands of Alaska exceeded mammalian risk thresholds established for each of these tissues. Higher nitrogen isotope ratios suggested that pups accumulated the highest [THg] when their dams fed on higher trophic level prey during late gestation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rea, Lorrie D.; Correa, Lucero] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Castellini, J. Margaret] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wildlife Toxicol Lab, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Fadely, Brian S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Correa, Lucero; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Wildlife Toxicol Lab, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Rea, LD (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
EM lorrie.rea@alaska.gov; maggie.c@alaska.edu; lucero.correa@alaska.gov;
brian.fadely@noaa.gov; tmohara@alaska.edu
RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015
OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887
FU tate of Alaska, NOAA Fisheries; WTL
FX We thank the members of our field collection team (T. Gelatt, M.
Barbieri, B. Caruso, B. Dickerson, H. Harris, M. Lander, J. Oliver, J.
Sterling, M. Tenis, R. Towell and K. Towell) and the crew of the R/V
Tiglag without whom this research in the Aleutian Islands would not have
been possible. We also acknowledge the efforts of S. Pierszalowski, A.
Christ and the staff of the Alaska Stable Isotope Laboratory for
laboratory and data analysis assistance. All sample collection was
conducted under MMPA/ESA 14326 to NMML and under ADFG ACUC protocol
number 2010-14R and NMML ACUC protocol number A/NW 2010-4. This research
was funded through the State of Alaska, NOAA Fisheries, and research
funds provided by the WTL. The findings and conclusions in the paper are
those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the
National Marine Fisheries Service.
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U1 0
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 454
BP 277
EP 282
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.095
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 147PR
UT WOS:000319180000029
PM 23545490
ER
PT J
AU Moody, G
Singh, R
Li, H
Akimov, IA
Bayer, M
Reuter, D
Wieck, AD
Cundiff, ST
AF Moody, G.
Singh, R.
Li, H.
Akimov, I. A.
Bayer, M.
Reuter, D.
Wieck, A. D.
Cundiff, S. T.
TI Correlation and dephasing effects on the non-radiative coherence between
bright excitons in an InAs QD ensemble measured with 2D spectroscopy
SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Semiconductor quantum dots; Fine-structure splitting; Four-wave mixing
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-DOT
AB Exchange-mediated fine-structure splitting of bright excitons in an ensemble of InAs quantum dots is studied using optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By monitoring the non-radiative coherence between the bright states, we find that the fine-structure splitting decreases with increasing exciton emission energy at a rate of 0.1 mu eV/meV. Dephasing rates are compared to population decay rates to reveal that pure dephasing causes the exciton optical coherences to decay faster than the radiative limit at low temperature, independent of excitation density. Fluctuations of the bright state transition energies are nearly perfectly correlated, protecting the non-radiative coherence from interband dephasing mechanisms. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Akimov, I. A.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
[Akimov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia.
[Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angew Festkoetperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM moodyg@jilau1.colorado.edu; cundiff@jila.colorado.edu
RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody,
Galan/J-5811-2014; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483;
Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922
FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office
of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
[DEFG02-02ER15346]; NSF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
FX The work at JILA was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy
Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Award #
DEFG02-02ER15346, and the NSF. The work in Germany was supported by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
NR 32
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U1 0
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-1098
J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN
JI Solid State Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 163
BP 65
EP 69
DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2013.03.025
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 164MQ
UT WOS:000320414600015
ER
PT J
AU Cashman, KD
Kiely, M
Kinsella, M
Durazo-Arvizu, RA
Tian, L
Zhang, Y
Lucey, A
Flynn, A
Gibney, MJ
Vesper, HW
Phinney, KW
Coates, PM
Picciano, MF
Sempos, CT
AF Cashman, Kevin D.
Kiely, Mairead
Kinsella, Michael
Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A.
Tian, Lu
Zhang, Yue
Lucey, Alice
Flynn, Albert
Gibney, Michael J.
Vesper, Hubert W.
Phinney, Karen W.
Coates, Paul M.
Picciano, Mary F.
Sempos, Christopher T.
TI Evaluation of Vitamin D Standardization Program protocols for
standardizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data: a case study of the
program's potential for national nutrition and health surveys
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CIRCULATING 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; ASSAYS;
ADULTS; ACCURATE; D-3
AB Background: The Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) has developed protocols for standardizing procedures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement in National Health/Nutrition Surveys to promote 25(OH)D measurements that are accurate and comparable over time, location, and laboratory procedure to improve public health practice.
Objective: We applied VDSP protocols to existing ELISA-derived serum 25(OH)D data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) as a case-study survey and evaluated their effectiveness by comparison of the protocol-projected estimates with those from a reanalysis of survey serums by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-tandem MS).
Design: The VDSP reference system and protocols were applied to ELISA-based serum 25(OH)D data from the representative NANS sample (n = 1118). A reanalysis of 99 stored serums by using standardized LC-tandem MS and resulting regression equations yielded predicted standardized serum 25(OH)D values, which were then compared with LC-tandem MS reanalyzed values for all serums.
Results: Year-round prevalence rates for serum 25(OH)D concentrations <30, <40, and <50 nmol/L were 6.5%, 21.9%, and 40.0%, respectively, via original ELISA measurements and 11.4%, 25.3%, and 43.7%, respectively, when VDSP protocols were applied. Differences in estimates at <30- and <40-nmol/L thresholds, but not at the <50-nmol/L threshold, were significant (P < 0.05). A reanalysis of all serums by using LC-tandem MS confirmed prevalence estimates as 11.2%, 27.2%, and 45.0%, respectively. Prevalences of serum 25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/L were 1.2%, 0.3%, and 0.6% by means of ELISA, VDSP protocols, and LC-tandem MS, respectively.
Conclusion: VDSP protocols hold a major potential for national nutrition and health surveys in terms of the standardization of serum 25(OH)D data.
C1 [Cashman, Kevin D.; Kiely, Mairead; Kinsella, Michael; Zhang, Yue; Lucey, Alice; Flynn, Albert] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Food & Nutr Sci, Cork, Ireland.
[Cashman, Kevin D.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Med, Cork, Ireland.
[Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A.] Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
[Tian, Lu] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Gibney, Michael J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Inst Food & Hlth, Dublin 2, Ireland.
[Vesper, Hubert W.] CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
[Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Coates, Paul M.; Picciano, Mary F.; Sempos, Christopher T.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Cashman, KD (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Food & Nutr Sci, Cork, Ireland.
EM k.cashman@ucc.ie
OI Flynn, Albert/0000-0002-7072-4202
FU Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine and The Health
Research Board under their joint Food for Health Research Initiative;
Office of Dietary Supplements, NIB; Irish Department of Agriculture,
Food and the Marine and The Health Research Board
FX Supported in part by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the
Marine and The Health Research Board under their joint Food for Health
Research Initiative (2007-2012) and the Office of Dietary Supplements,
NIB. The Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine and The
Health Research Board were funders of the Irish National Adult Nutrition
Survey. The Vitamin D Standardization Program is coordinated by the
Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH.
NR 32
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 97
IS 6
BP 1235
EP 1242
DI 10.3945/ajcn.112.057182
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 150DX
UT WOS:000319371500012
PM 23615829
ER
PT J
AU Hu, ZZ
Kumar, A
Huang, BH
Wang, WQ
Zhu, JS
Wen, CH
AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen
Kumar, Arun
Huang, Bohua
Wang, Wanqiu
Zhu, Jieshun
Wen, Caihong
TI Prediction skill of monthly SST in the North Atlantic Ocean in NCEP
Climate Forecast System version 2
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CFSv2; Prediction skill; SST; North Atlantic; Impact of ENSO and NAO;
Persistency
ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; COUPLED MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION; SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY; FORCED VARIABILITY; EARLY WINTER;
OSCILLATION; ENSO; SUMMER
AB This work evaluates the skill of retrospective predictions of the second version of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) for the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and investigates the influence of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the prediction skill over this region. It is shown that the CFSv2 prediction skill with 0-8 month lead displays a "tripole"-like pattern with areas of higher skills in the high latitude and tropical North Atlantic, surrounding the area of lower skills in the mid-latitude western North Atlantic. This "tripole"-like prediction skill pattern is mainly due to the persistency of SST anomalies (SSTAs), which is related to the influence of ENSO and NAO over the North Atlantic. The influences of ENSO and NAO, and their seasonality, result in the prediction skill in the tropical North Atlantic the highest in spring and the lowest in summer. In CFSv2, the ENSO influence over the North Atlantic is overestimated but the impact of NAO over the North Atlantic is not well simulated. However, compared with CFSv1, the overall skills of CFSv2 are slightly higher over the whole North Atlantic, particularly in the high latitudes and the northwest North Atlantic. The model prediction skill beyond the persistency initially presents in the mid-latitudes of the North Atlantic and extends to the low latitudes with time. That might suggest that the model captures the associated air-sea interaction in the North Atlantic. The CFSv2 prediction is less skillful than that of SSTA persistency in the high latitudes, implying that over this region the persistency is even better than CFSv2 predictions. Also, both persistent and CFSv2 predictions have relatively low skills along the Gulf Stream.
C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu; Wen, Caihong] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Huang, Bohua] Gorge Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Huang, Bohua; Zhu, Jieshun] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
[Wen, Caihong] WYLE Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov
RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011;
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808
FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G]
FX We appreciate the helps of Mingyue Chen in getting and processing the
hindcast data. Thanks also go to two reviewers and Yan Xue for their
constructive comments and suggestions, which make the manuscript
improved significantly. B. Huang and J. Zhu are supported by the COLA
omnibus grant from NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058) and NASA
(NNX09AN50G).
NR 46
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11-12
BP 2745
EP 2759
DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1431-z
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 149ZU
UT WOS:000319360800011
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XLL
Feng, Y
Compo, GP
Swail, VR
Zwiers, FW
Allan, RJ
Sardeshmukh, PD
AF Wang, Xiaolan L.
Feng, Y.
Compo, G. P.
Swail, V. R.
Zwiers, F. W.
Allan, R. J.
Sardeshmukh, P. D.
TI Trends and low frequency variability of extra-tropical cyclone activity
in the ensemble of twentieth century reanalysis
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Reanalysis data; Extra-tropical cyclones; Cyclone tracking; Data
homogeneity tests; Data homogenization; Trends and low frequency
variability
ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; CLIMATE DATA SERIES;
MAXIMAL T-TEST; STORM TRACKS; F-TEST; LATE-19TH-CENTURY; ATLANTIC;
PROJECT; ERA-40
AB An objective cyclone tracking algorithm is applied to twentieth century reanalysis (20CR) 6-hourly mean sea level pressure fields for the period 1871-2010 to infer historical trends and variability in extra-tropical cyclone activity. The tracking algorithm is applied both to the ensemble-mean analyses and to each of the 56 ensemble members individually. The ensemble-mean analyses are found to be unsuitable for accurately determining cyclone statistics. However, pooled cyclone statistics obtained by averaging statistics from individual members generally agree well with statistics from the NCEP-NCAR reanalyses for 1951-2010, although 20CR shows somewhat weaker cyclone activity over land and stronger activity over oceans. Both reanalyses show similar cyclone trend patterns in the northern hemisphere (NH) over 1951-2010. Homogenized pooled cyclone statistics are analyzed for trends and variability. Conclusions account for identified inhomogeneities, which occurred before 1949 in the NH and between 1951 and 1985 in the southern hemisphere (SH). Cyclone activity is estimated to have increased slightly over the period 1871-2010 in the NH. More substantial increases are seen in the SH. Notable regional and seasonal variations in trends are evident, as is profound decadal or longer scale variability. For example, the NH increases occur mainly in the mid-latitude Pacific and high-latitude Atlantic regions. For the North Atlantic-European region and southeast Australia, the 20CR cyclone trends are in agreement with trends in geostrophic wind extremes derived from in-situ surface pressure observations. European trends are also consistent with trends in the mean duration of wet spells derived from rain gauge data in Europe.
C1 [Wang, Xiaolan L.; Feng, Y.; Swail, V. R.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Zwiers, F. W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Allan, R. J.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
RP Wang, XLL (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
EM Xiaolan.Wang@ec.gc.ca
OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633
FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231,
DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science
Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE
INCITE) program; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER);
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office
FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Rodney Chan for his help in manipulating
the large dataset and running the cyclone tracking algorithm. The
authors are grateful to Dr. Mark Serreze (University of Colorado) for
providing us his cyclone tracking codes, and to Dr. John Fyfe for his
helpful internal review of an earlier version of this manuscript. The
authors wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive
review comments. The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project used resources
of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and of the
Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the US
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract
No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. Support for the Twentieth Century
Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy,
Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory
and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office.
NR 36
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U1 2
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11-12
BP 2775
EP 2800
DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1450-9
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 149ZU
UT WOS:000319360800013
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CZ
Li, CX
Mu, M
Duan, WS
AF Wang, Chunzai
Li, Chunxiang
Mu, Mu
Duan, Wansuo
TI Seasonal modulations of different impacts of two types of ENSO events on
tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; EL-NINO MODOKI; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTENSITY; TRACKS; TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCY; SUMMER
AB The paper examines different impacts of eastern Pacific warm/cold (EPW/EPC) and central Pacific warm/cold (CPW/CPC) events on tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) by considering the early season of April-June (AMJ), the peak season of July-September (JAS) and the late season of October-December (OND). During AMJ, EPW (EPC) is associated with a significant increase of the TC genesis number in the southeastern (southwestern) sub-region of the WNP, but no class of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events shows a significant change in the TC lifetime and intensity. During JAS, EPW corresponds to an increase (decrease) of the TC genesis number in the southeastern (northwestern) sub-region, but CPW shows no significant change. EPC increases the TC genesis in the northwestern and northeastern sub-regions and decreases the genesis in the southwestern sub-region, whereas CPC suppresses the genesis in the southeastern sub-region. Both the lifetime and intensity of TCs are increased in EPW, but only a shortened lifetime is seen for CPC. During OND, EPW reduces the TC genesis in the southwestern and northwestern sub-regions, whereas CPW enhances the genesis in the southeastern sub-region. Over the South China Sea, CPW and CPC show a significant decrease and increase of the TC genesis, respectively. The TC lifetime is significantly longer in both EPW and CPW and shorter in EPC, and TCs tend to be more (less) intense in EPW (CPC). All of these variations are consistent with the development of ENSO-related SST anomalies during different seasons and are supported by distributions of the genesis potential index-a combination of large-scale oceanic and atmospheric factors that affect TC activity. TCs in the WNP mainly take the straight westward, northwestward and recurving tracks. During AMJ of EPW years, the TC steering flow patterns favor the recurving track and suppress the straight westward and northwestward tracks. During JAS, EPW is associated with the steering flows that are unfavorable for TCs to move northwestward or westward, whereas CPW favors the northwestward track and suppresses the straight westward track. The steering flow patterns during OND are similar to those during JAS, except that EPC may increase the possibility of the northwestward track.
C1 [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Li, Chunxiang; Duan, Wansuo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Li, Chunxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Mu, Mu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Wave, Qingdao, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009
OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40830955, 41176013];
Changjiang Scholar Program; Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese
Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-QN203]; National Basic Research Program of
China [2010CB950400]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) Climate Program Office
FX CW thanks Drs. Greg Foltz and David Enfield for serving as internal
reviewers of AOML for this manuscript. This work was supported by grants
from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830955 and
41176013), the Changjiang Scholar Program, the Knowledge Innovation
Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-QN203), the
National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB950400), and the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program
Office.
NR 37
TC 25
Z9 27
U1 6
U2 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11-12
BP 2887
EP 2902
DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1434-9
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 149ZU
UT WOS:000319360800019
ER
PT J
AU Zuo, ZY
Yang, S
Hu, ZZ
Zhang, RH
Wang, WQ
Huang, BH
Wang, F
AF Zuo, Zhiyan
Yang, Song
Hu, Zeng-Zhen
Zhang, Renhe
Wang, Wanqiu
Huang, Bohua
Wang, Fang
TI Predictable patterns and predictive skills of monsoon precipitation in
Northern Hemisphere summer in NCEP CFSv2 reforecasts
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Northern Hemisphere monsoons; Most predictable patterns; NCEP Climate
Forecast System
ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC;
AMERICAN MONSOON; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL; OCEAN; MODEL; ENSO
AB The predictable patterns and predictive skills of monsoon precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere summer (June-July-August) are examined using reforecasts (1983-2010) from the National Center for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The possible connections of these predictable patterns with global sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated. The empirical orthogonal function analysis with maximized signal-to-noise ratio is used to isolate the predictable patterns of the precipitation for three regional monsoons: the Asian and Indo-Pacific monsoon (AIPM), the Africa monsoon (AFM), and the North America monsoon (NAM). Overall, the CFSv2 well predicts the monsoon precipitation patterns associated with El Nio-South Oscillation (ENSO) due to its good prediction skill for ENSO. For AIPM, two identified predictable patterns are an equatorial dipole pattern characterized by opposite variations between the equatorial western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean, and a tropical western Pacific pattern characterized by opposite variations over the tropical northwestern Pacific and the Philippines and over the regions to its west, north, and southeast. For NAM, the predictable patterns are a tropical eastern Pacific pattern with opposite variations in the tropical eastern Pacific and in Mexico, the Guyana Plateau and the equatorial Atlantic, and a Central American pattern with opposite variations in the eastern Pacific and the North Atlantic and in the Amazon Plains. The CFSv2 can predict these patterns at least 5 months in advance. However, compared with the good skill in predicting AIPM and NAM precipitation patterns, the CFSv2 exhibits little predictive skill for AFM precipitation, probably because the variability of the tropical Atlantic SST plays a more important than ENSO in the AFM precipitation variation and the prediction skill is lower for the tropical Atlantic SST than the tropical Pacific SST.
C1 [Zuo, Zhiyan; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAAs Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Huang, Bohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
[Wang, Fang] CMA, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 123 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.edu.cn
RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41205059, 41221064];
Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201206017];
International S&T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and
Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; Basic Research Fund of Chinese
Academy of Meteorological Sciences [2012Z001]; Sun Yat-sen University
"985" Project Phase 3; NOAA-CMA Bilateral Program
FX This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (41205059 and 41221064), the Special Fund for Public
Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201206017), the International S&T
Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
(2009DFA21430), the Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of
Meteorological Sciences (2012Z001), Sun Yat-sen University "985" Project
Phase 3, and the NOAA-CMA Bilateral Program.
NR 38
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11-12
BP 3071
EP 3088
DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1772-2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 149ZU
UT WOS:000319360800028
ER
PT J
AU Wild, M
Folini, D
Schar, C
Loeb, N
Dutton, EG
Konig-Langlo, G
AF Wild, Martin
Folini, Doris
Schaer, Christoph
Loeb, Norman
Dutton, Ellsworth G.
Koenig-Langlo, Gert
TI The global energy balance from a surface perspective
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Earth Radiation Budget; Surface energy balance; Global climate models;
Global energy balance; Surface/Satellite observations; CMIP5/IPCC-AR5
model evaluation
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LONGWAVE IRRADIANCE UNCERTAINTY; RADIATION
BUDGET EXPERIMENT; SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE; ATMOSPHERE RADIATION; CLIMATE
RESEARCH; SOLAR-RADIATION; ERA-INTERIM; UPPER-OCEAN; FLUXES
AB In the framework of the global energy balance, the radiative energy exchanges between Sun, Earth and space are now accurately quantified from new satellite missions. Much less is known about the magnitude of the energy flows within the climate system and at the Earth surface, which cannot be directly measured by satellites. In addition to satellite observations, here we make extensive use of the growing number of surface observations to constrain the global energy balance not only from space, but also from the surface. We combine these observations with the latest modeling efforts performed for the 5th IPCC assessment report to infer best estimates for the global mean surface radiative components. Our analyses favor global mean downward surface solar and thermal radiation values near 185 and 342 Wm(-2), respectively, which are most compatible with surface observations. Combined with an estimated surface absorbed solar radiation and thermal emission of 161 and 397 Wm(-2), respectively, this leaves 106 Wm(-2) of surface net radiation available globally for distribution amongst the non-radiative surface energy balance components. The climate models overestimate the downward solar and underestimate the downward thermal radiation, thereby simulating nevertheless an adequate global mean surface net radiation by error compensation. This also suggests that, globally, the simulated surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, around 20 and 85 Wm(-2) on average, state realistic values. The findings of this study are compiled into a new global energy balance diagram, which may be able to reconcile currently disputed inconsistencies between energy and water cycle estimates.
C1 [Wild, Martin; Folini, Doris; Schaer, Christoph] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Loeb, Norman] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Dutton, Ellsworth G.] NOAA, ESRL, R GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Koenig-Langlo, Gert] Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
RP Wild, M (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM martin.wild@env.ethz.ch
RI Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012; Schar, Christoph/A-1033-2008; Wild,
Martin/J-8977-2012
OI Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107; Schar,
Christoph/0000-0002-4171-1613;
FU National Centre for Competence in Climate Research (NCCR Climate) of the
Swiss National Science Foundation as part of the NCCR Project HyClim;
Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This study is supported by the National Centre for Competence in Climate
Research (NCCR Climate) of the Swiss National Science Foundation as part
of the NCCR Project HyClim. We are grateful to Prof. Atsumu Ohmura for
numerous discussions and for his leadership in the establishment of GEBA
and BSRN. We highly acknowledge Barbara Schar for the design of the
global energy balance figure. We would like to thank Dr. Guido Muller
for processing the BSRN data and Dr. Urs Beyerle and Dr. Thierry Corti
for all their efforts to download the immense CMIP5 dataset. We
acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data
for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the
JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) and their Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for
organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for
technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of
Energy. We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge many hard
working site scientists, as listed in
http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.40092.d001. BSRN data used in this
study are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.792618. We
dedicate this study to our dear friend and colleague Ellsworth G.
Dutton, who passed away the day this paper was accepted. His enthusiasm
and devotion as BSRN project manager over 20 years was invaluable for
the success of BSRN.
NR 76
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U1 9
U2 110
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 11-12
BP 3107
EP 3134
DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1569-8
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 149ZU
UT WOS:000319360800030
ER
PT J
AU Mani, M
Johansson, B
Lyons, KW
Sriram, RD
Ameta, G
AF Mani, Mahesh
Johansson, Bjorn
Lyons, Kevin W.
Sriram, Ram D.
Ameta, Gaurav
TI Simulation and analysis for sustainable product development
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Planning; Reference framework; Simulation; Sustainable design;
Sustainable manufacturing; Systems approach
AB Simulation plays a critical role in the design of products, materials, and manufacturing processes. However, there are gaps in the simulation tools used by industry to provide reliable results from which effective decisions can be made about environmental impacts at different stages of product life cycle. A holistic and systems approach to predicting impacts via sustainable manufacturing planning and simulation (SMPS) is presented in an effort to incorporate sustainability aspects across a product life cycle.
Increasingly, simulation is replacing physical tests to ensure product reliability and quality, thereby facilitating steady reductions in design and manufacturing cycles. For SMPS, we propose to extend an earlier framework developed in the Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. SMPS framework has four phases, viz. design product, engineer manufacturing, engineer production system, and produce products. Each phase has its inputs, outputs, phase level activities, and sustainability-related data, metrics and tools.
An automotive manufacturing scenario that highlights the potential of utilizing SMPS framework to facilitate decision making across different phases of product life cycle is presented. Various research opportunities are discussed for the SMPS framework and corresponding information models.
The SMPS framework built on the SIMA model has potential in aiding sustainable product development.
C1 [Mani, Mahesh; Lyons, Kevin W.; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mani, Mahesh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Johansson, Bjorn] Chalmers, Dept Prod & Prod Dev, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Ameta, Gaurav] Washington State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Mani, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mmani@umd.edu
RI Ameta, Gaurav/C-6724-2014; Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009
OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807
FU US Government
FX The work described was funded by the US Government and is not subject to
copyright. No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology is intended or implied.
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 25
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0948-3349
J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS
JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 18
IS 5
BP 1129
EP 1136
DI 10.1007/s11367-012-0538-0
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 147JG
UT WOS:000319162300020
ER
PT J
AU Hechenbleikner, EM
Makary, MA
Samarov, DV
Bennett, JL
Gearhart, SL
Efron, JE
Wick, EC
AF Hechenbleikner, Elizabeth M.
Makary, Martin A.
Samarov, Daniel V.
Bennett, Jennifer L.
Gearhart, Susan L.
Efron, Jonathan E.
Wick, Elizabeth C.
TI Hospital Readmission by Method of Data Collection
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURGERY; MORTALITY; PROGRAM; CANCER
AB BACKGROUND: Hospital readmissions are increasingly used to pay hospitals differently. We hypothesized that readmission rates, readmissions related to index admission, and potentially unnecessary readmissions vary by data collection method for surgical patients.
STUDY DESIGN: Using 3 different data collection methods, we compared 30-day unplanned readmission rates and potentially unnecessary readmissions among colorectal surgery patients at a single institution between July 2009 and November 2011. We compared the NSQIP clinical reviewer method, the University Health-System Consortium (UHC) administrative billing data method, and physician medical record review.
RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirty-five colorectal surgery patients were identified with readmission rates as follows: NSQIP 14.6% (107 of 735) vs UHC 17.6% (129 of 735). The NSQIP method identified 9 readmissions not found in billing records because the readmission occurred at another hospital (n = 7) or due to a discrepancy in definition (n = 2). The UHC method identified 31 readmissions not identified by NSQIP because of a broader readmission definition (n = 20) or were missed by reviewers (n = 11). The NSQIP method identified 72% of readmissions as related to index admission and physician chart review identified 83%. The UHC method identified 51% of readmissions as related to index admission and physician chart review identified 86%. Sixty-six of 129 UHC readmissions (51%) were deemed potentially preventable; based on physician chart review, 112 of 129 readmissions (87%) were deemed clinically necessary at the time of presentation. Most readmissions were due to surgical site infections (46 of 129 [36%]) and dehydration (30 of 129 [23%]). With improved patient-care efforts, 41 of 129 (31.8%) complications might not have required readmission.
CONCLUSIONS: Readmission rates and unnecessary readmissions vary depending on data collection methodology. Reimbursements based on readmission should use standardized and fair methods to minimize perverse incentives that penalize hospitals for appropriate care of high-risk surgical patients. (J Am Coll Surg 2013; 216: 1150-1158. (C) 2013 by the American College of Surgeons)
C1 [Hechenbleikner, Elizabeth M.; Makary, Martin A.; Bennett, Jennifer L.; Gearhart, Susan L.; Efron, Jonathan E.; Wick, Elizabeth C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
[Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wick, EC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Blalock Room 658,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
EM ewick1@jhmi.edu
NR 15
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1072-7515
J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS
JI J. Am. Coll. Surg.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 216
IS 6
BP 1150
EP 1158
DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.01.057
PG 9
WC Surgery
SC Surgery
GA 145TG
UT WOS:000319039900016
PM 23583617
ER
PT J
AU Huang, J
Bou-Zeid, E
Golaz, JC
AF Huang, Jing
Bou-Zeid, Elie
Golaz, Jean-Christophe
TI Turbulence and Vertical Fluxes in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer.
Part II: A Novel Mixing-Length Model
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE; SIMULATIONS; FLOWS
AB This is the second part of a study about turbulence and vertical fluxes in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Based on a suite of large-eddy simulations in Part I where the effects of stability on the turbulent structures and kinetic energy are investigated, first-order parameterization schemes are assessed and tested in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)'s single-column model. The applicability of the gradient-flux hypothesis is first examined and it is found that stable conditions are favorable for that hypothesis. However, the concept of introducing a stability correction function f(m) as a multiplicative factor into the mixing length used under neutral conditions l(N) is shown to be problematic because f(m) computed a priori from large-eddy simulations tends not to be a universal function of stability. With this observation, a novel mixing-length model is proposed, which conforms to large-eddy simulation results much better under stable conditions and converges to the classic model under neutral conditions. Test cases imposing steady as well as unsteady forcings are developed to evaluate the performance of the new model. It is found that the new model exhibits robust performance as the stability strength is changed, while other models are sensitive to changes in stability. For cases with unsteady forcings, which are very rarely simulated or tested, the results of the single-column model and large-eddy simulations are also closer when the new model is used, compared to the other models. However, unsteady cases are much more challenging for the turbulence closure formulations than cases with steady surface forcing.
C1 [Huang, Jing; Bou-Zeid, Elie] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Huang, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM ebouzeid@princeton.edu
RI Bou-Zeid, Elie/A-9796-2008; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014
OI Bou-Zeid, Elie/0000-0002-6137-8109; Golaz,
Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435
FU NSF Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program [AGS-1026636]; Siebel
Energy Challenge of Princeton University
FX This work is supported by NSF Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program
under AGS-1026636 and by the Siebel Energy Challenge of Princeton
University. The simulations were performed on the supercomputing
clusters of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and of
Princeton University.
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 70
IS 6
BP 1528
EP 1542
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0168.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 154IP
UT WOS:000319668400002
ER
PT J
AU Gentine, P
Betts, AK
Lintner, BR
Findell, KL
van Heerwaarden, CC
Tzella, A
D'Andrea, F
AF Gentine, Pierre
Betts, Alan K.
Lintner, Benjamin R.
Findell, Kirsten L.
van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
Tzella, Alexandra
D'Andrea, Fabio
TI A Probabilistic Bulk Model of Coupled Mixed Layer and Convection. Part
I: Clear-Sky Case
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; SURFACE-GENERATED CONVECTION; MASS-FLUX
PARAMETERIZATION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; WIND BOUNDARY-LAYER;
THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; PENETRATIVE CONVECTION; ENTRAINMENT ZONE;
INVERSION; DYNAMICS
AB A new bulk model of the convective boundary layer, the probabilistic bulk convection model (PBCM), is presented. Unlike prior bulk approaches that have modeled the mixed-layer-top buoyancy flux as a constant fraction of the surface buoyancy flux, PBCMimplements a new mixed-layer-top entrainment closure based on the mass flux of updrafts overshooting the inversion. This mass flux is related to the variability of the surface state (potential temperature theta and specific humidity q) of an ensemble of updraft plumes. The authors evaluate the model against observed clear-sky weak and strong inversion cases and show that PBCM performs well. The height, state, and timing of the boundary layer growth are accurately reproduced. Sensitivity studies are performed highlighting the role of the main parameters (surface variances, lateral entrainment). The model is weakly sensitive to the exact specification of the variability at the surface and is most sensitive to the lateral entrainment of environmental air into the rising plumes. Apart from allowing time-dependent top-of-the-boundary-layer entrainment rates expressed in terms of surface properties, which can be observed in situ, PBCM naturally takes into account the transition to the shallow convection regime, as described in a companion paper. Thus, PBCM represents an important step toward a unified framework bridging parameterizations of mixed-layer entrainment velocity in both clear-sky and moist convective boundary layers.
C1 [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Betts, Alan K.] Atmospher Res, Pittsford, VT USA.
[Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Tzella, Alexandra] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[D'Andrea, Fabio] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France.
RP Gentine, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM pg2328@columbia.edu
RI Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; van Heerwaarden, Chiel/J-8637-2016
OI van Heerwaarden, Chiel/0000-0001-7202-3525
FU NSF [AGS-0529797]; [NSF-AGS 1035843]
FX This work was carried out under Grant NSF-AGS 1035843: Collaborative
Research: Quantifying the Impacts of Atmospheric and Land Surface
Heterogeneity and Scale on Soil Moisture-Precipitation Feedbacks and NSF
Grant AGS-0529797: Surface, Boundary Layer and Cloud Interactions of
Energy, Water and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The authors wish to thank Adam
Sobel, Jean-Christophe Golaz, Andrew Majda, Catherine Rio, Nicolas
Rochetin, Joseph Santanello, Zhiming Kuang, Daehyun Kim, Sylvain
Cheinet, Elie Bou-Zeid, David Romps, and Larry Berg for their valuable
comments and feedback on our work, as well as Pier Siebesma and Andy
Brown for their help. We also would like to thank four anonymous
reviewers for their valuable comments.
NR 53
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 70
IS 6
BP 1543
EP 1556
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0145.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 154IP
UT WOS:000319668400003
ER
PT J
AU Gentine, P
Betts, AK
Lintner, BR
Findell, KL
van Heerwaarden, CC
D'Andrea, F
AF Gentine, Pierre
Betts, Alan K.
Lintner, Benjamin R.
Findell, Kirsten L.
van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.
D'Andrea, Fabio
TI A Probabilistic Bulk Model of Coupled Mixed Layer and Convection. Part
II: Shallow Convection Case
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SURFACE-GENERATED CONVECTION; MASS-FLUX
PARAMETERIZATION; TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; PDF-BASED
MODEL; CUMULUS CONVECTION; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; ADJUSTMENT SCHEME;
DIURNAL CYCLE
AB The probabilistic bulk convection model (PBCM) developed in a companion paper is here extended to shallow nonprecipitating convection. The PBCM unifies the clear-sky and shallow convection boundary layer regimes by obtaining mixed-layer growth, cloud fraction, and convective inhibition from a single parameterization based on physical principles. The evolution of the shallow convection PBCM is based on the statistical distribution of the surface thermodynamic state of convective plumes.
The entrainment velocity of the mixed layer is related to the mass flux of the updrafts overshooting the dry inversion capping the mixed layer. The updrafts overcoming the convective inhibition generate active cloud-base mass flux, which is the boundary condition for the shallow cumulus scheme. The subcloud-layer entrainment velocity is directly coupled to the cloud-base mass flux through the distribution of vertical velocity and fractional cover of the updrafts.
Comparisons of the PBCM against large-eddy simulations from the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) and from the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) facility demonstrate good agreement in terms of thermodynamic structure, cloud-base mass flux, and cloud top.
The equilibrium between the cloud-base mass flux and rate of growth of the mixed layer determines the equilibrium convective inhibition and cloud cover. This process is an important new insight on the coupling between the mixed-layer and cumulus dynamics. Given its relative simplicity and transparency, the PBCM represents a powerful tool for developing process-based understanding and intuition about the physical processes involved in boundary layer-convection interactions, as well as a test bed for diagnosing and validating shallow convection parameterizations.
C1 [Gentine, Pierre] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Betts, Alan K.] Atmospher Res, Pittsford, VT USA.
[Lintner, Benjamin R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[van Heerwaarden, Chiel C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[D'Andrea, Fabio] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France.
RP Gentine, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM pg2328@columbia.edu
RI Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; van Heerwaarden, Chiel/J-8637-2016
OI van Heerwaarden, Chiel/0000-0001-7202-3525
FU NSF [AGS-0529797]; [NSF-AGS 1035843]
FX This work was carried out under Grant NSF-AGS 1035843: Collaborative
Research: Quantifying the Impacts of Atmospheric and Land Surface
Heterogeneity and Scale on Soil Moisture-Precipitation Feedbacks and NSF
Grant AGS-0529797: Surface, Boundary Layer and Cloud Interactions of
Energy, Water and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The authors wish to thank Adam
Sobel, Jean-Christophe Golaz, Andrew Majda, Catherine Rio, Nicolas
Rochetin, Joseph Santanello, Zhiming Kuang, Daehyun Kim, Sylvain
Cheinet, Elie Bou-Zeid, David Romps, Wim de Rooy, and Larry Berg for
their valuable comments and feedbacks on our work, as well as Pier
Siebesma and Andy Brown for their help. We also would like to than three
anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.
NR 61
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 70
IS 6
BP 1557
EP 1576
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0146.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 154IP
UT WOS:000319668400004
ER
PT J
AU Muralikrishnan, B
Ren, W
Stanfield, E
Everett, D
Zheng, A
Doiron, T
AF Muralikrishnan, Bala
Ren, Wei
Stanfield, Eric
Everett, Dennis
Zheng, Alan
Doiron, Ted
TI Applications of profile filtering in the dimensional metrology of fuel
cell plates
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE filtering; fuel cell; dimensional metrology; non-contact; laser
triangulation
AB We describe the application of several surface profile filters as an enabling tool in the dimensional measurements of an engineering artifact, namely, a fuel cell plate. We recently reported work on the development of a non-contact system for dimensional metrology of bipolar fuel cell plates. That system comprises two laser spot triangulation probes that acquire profile data across a plate. While the non-contact system provides rapid measurements (measurement speed of 100 mm s(-1) to 500 mm s(-1)), the data are noisy and cannot be used directly to obtain features of interest such as channel depth and width. In this paper, we show how different surface profile filters such as the spline, morphological, and robust filters, can be employed to identify and suppress outliers and to produce a mean line that serves as a substitute geometry from which we can determine features of interest. Further, we compare the non-contact probe data against contact probe measurements made using a coordinate measuring machine. Surface profile filters are again useful in correcting the reference data for tip size and also in removing any free form deformation in both data sets prior to parameter evaluation and comparison.
C1 [Muralikrishnan, Bala; Ren, Wei; Stanfield, Eric; Everett, Dennis; Zheng, Alan; Doiron, Ted] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM balam@nist.gov
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 24
IS 6
AR 065003
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/6/065003
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 148SN
UT WOS:000319267900004
ER
PT J
AU Muralikrishnan, B
Lee, V
Blackburn, C
Sawyer, D
Phillips, S
Ren, W
Hughes, B
AF Muralikrishnan, Bala
Lee, Vincent
Blackburn, Christopher
Sawyer, Daniel
Phillips, Steve
Ren, Wei
Hughes, Ben
TI Assessing ranging errors as a function of azimuth in laser trackers and
tracers
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE laser tracer; laser tracker; range error; dimensional metrology
AB Tilt and radial error motion of a laser tracker head as it spins about the two rotation axes result in small but measurable ranging and angle errors. The laser tracer, on the other hand, measures range with respect to the center of a high quality stationary sphere. It is therefore not expected to be influenced by the radial error motions of the carriage that carries the optics and the source, but the form error of the reference sphere and possibly the eccentricity in its placement with respect to the circular path traced by the carriage will be contributors to the ranging errors. In this paper, we describe experiments to assess the magnitude of these ranging errors as a function of the azimuth angle in different laser trackers and a laser tracer.
C1 [Muralikrishnan, Bala; Lee, Vincent; Blackburn, Christopher; Sawyer, Daniel; Phillips, Steve; Ren, Wei] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hughes, Ben] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
RP Muralikrishnan, B (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM balam@nist.gov
OI Hughes, Ben/0000-0001-5084-8198
NR 4
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 18
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 24
IS 6
AR 065201
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/6/065201
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 148SN
UT WOS:000319267900009
ER
PT J
AU Salvesen, G
Miller, JM
Reis, RC
Begelman, MC
AF Salvesen, Greg
Miller, Jon M.
Reis, Rubens C.
Begelman, Mitchell C.
TI Spectral hardening as a viable alternative to disc truncation in black
hole state transitions
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; X-rays: binaries;
X-rays: individual: GX 339-4
ID X-RAY BINARIES; ACCRETION-EJECTION INSTABILITY; ADVECTION-DOMINATED
ACCRETION; QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY;
LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS; GX 339-4; TIMING-EXPLORER; CYGNUS X-1; HARD
STATE
AB Constraining the accretion flow geometry of black hole binaries in outburst is complicated by the inability of simplified multicolour disc models to distinguish between changes in the inner disc radius and alterations to the emergent spectrum, parametrized by the phenomenological colour-correction factor, f(col). We analyse Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the low-mass Galactic black hole X-ray binary, GX 339-4, taken over seven epochs when the source was experiencing a state transition. The accretion disc component is isolated using a pipeline resulting in robust detections for disc luminosities, 10(-3) less than or similar to L-disc/L-Edd less than or similar to 0.5. Assuming that the inner disc remains situated at the innermost stable circular orbit over the course of a state transition, we measure the relative degree of change in f(col) required to explain the spectral evolution of the disc component. A variable f(col) that increases by a factor of similar to 2.0-3.5 as the source transitions from the high/soft state to the low/hard state can adequately explain the observed disc spectral evolution. For the observations dominated by a disc component, the familiar scaling between the disc luminosity and effective temperature, L-disc proportional to T-eff(4), is observed; however, significant deviations from this relation appear when GX 339-4 is in the hard intermediate and low/hard states. Allowing for an evolving f(col) between spectral states, the L-disc proportional to T-eff(4) law is recovered over the full range of disc luminosities, although this depends heavily on the physically conceivable range of f(col). We demonstrate that physically reasonable changes in f(col) provide a viable description for multiple state transitions of a black hole binary without invoking radial motion of the inner accretion disc.
C1 [Salvesen, Greg; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Salvesen, Greg; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Salvesen, Greg; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Miller, Jon M.; Reis, Rubens C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Salvesen, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM salvesen@colorado.edu
OI reis, rubens/0000-0002-6618-2412
FU National Science Foundation; Michigan Society of Fellows; NASA
[PF1-120087]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of
Colorado Boulder
FX The authors thank the anonymous referee for her/his constructive
comments and suggestions, which improved this paper. GS thanks Jordan
Mirocha for thoughtful discussions and the National Science Foundation
for support through the Graduate Research Fellowship Programme. RCR
thanks the Michigan Society of Fellows and NASA for support through the
Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant number PF1-120087. This work used
the JANUS supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science
Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado
Boulder. The JANUS supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of
Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National
Center for Atmospheric Research.
NR 128
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 431
IS 4
BP 3510
EP 3532
DI 10.1093/mnras/stt436
PG 23
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 151RX
UT WOS:000319479000044
ER
PT J
AU Otto, A
Otto, FEL
Boucher, O
Church, J
Hegerl, G
Forster, PM
Gillett, NP
Gregory, J
Johnson, GC
Knutti, R
Lewis, N
Lohmann, U
Marotzke, J
Myhre, G
Shindell, D
Stevens, B
Allen, MR
AF Otto, Alexander
Otto, Friederike E. L.
Boucher, Olivier
Church, John
Hegerl, Gabi
Forster, Piers M.
Gillett, Nathan P.
Gregory, Jonathan
Johnson, Gregory C.
Knutti, Reto
Lewis, Nicholas
Lohmann, Ulrike
Marotzke, Jochem
Myhre, Gunnar
Shindell, Drew
Stevens, Bjorn
Allen, Myles R.
TI Energy budget constraints on climate response
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID SENSITIVITY
C1 [Otto, Alexander; Otto, Friederike E. L.; Allen, Myles R.] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
[Boucher, Olivier] UPMC, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France.
[Church, John] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res Hobart, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia.
[Hegerl, Gabi] Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Forster, Piers M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Gillett, Nathan P.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Gregory, Jonathan] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England.
[Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Knutti, Reto; Lohmann, Ulrike] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Lewis, Nicholas] Walden, Bath BA2 6ED, Avon, England.
[Marotzke, Jochem; Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Myhre, Gunnar] CICERO, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
[Shindell, Drew] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Allen, Myles R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
RP Otto, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
EM alexander.otto@ouce.ox.ac.uk
RI Church, John/A-1541-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Johnson,
Gregory/I-6559-2012; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Shindell,
Drew/D-4636-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Lohmann,
Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016; Forster,
Piers/F-9829-2010
OI Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475;
Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700;
Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785;
Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644; Forster,
Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171
FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E016189/1]
NR 16
TC 107
Z9 107
U1 6
U2 103
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 6
BP 415
EP 416
DI 10.1038/ngeo1836
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 154ET
UT WOS:000319655200003
ER
PT J
AU Esposito, DV
Levin, I
Moffat, TP
Talin, AA
AF Esposito, Daniel V.
Levin, Igor
Moffat, Thomas P.
Talin, A. Alec
TI H-2 evolution at Si-based metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrodes
enhanced by inversion channel charge collection and H spillover
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; THERMAL-OXIDATION; SURFACE; ENERGY;
PHOTOCATHODES; MICROSCOPY
AB Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising route for renewable production of hydrogen, but trade-offs between photoelectrode stability and efficiency have greatly limited the performance of PEC devices. In this work, we employ a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photoelectrode architecture that allows for stable and efficient water splitting using narrow bandgap semiconductors. Substantial improvement in the performance of Si-based MIS photocathodes is demonstrated through a combination of a high-quality thermal SiO2 layer and the use of bilayer metal catalysts. Scanning probe techniques were used to simultaneously map the photovoltaic and catalytic properties of the MIS surface and reveal the spillover-assisted evolution of hydrogen off the SiO2 surface and lateral photovoltage driven minority carrier transport over distances that can exceed 2 cm. The latter finding is explained by the photo- and electrolyte-induced formation of an inversion channel immediately beneath the SiO2/Si interface. These findings have important implications for further development of MIS photoelectrodes and offer the possibility of highly efficient PEC water splitting.
C1 [Esposito, Daniel V.; Levin, Igor; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov; aatalin@sandia.gov
FU National Research Council; Science of Precision Multifunctional
Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier
Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]
FX We acknowledge the NIST Nanofab and its staff for support in sample
fabrication, Sandra Claggett for assistance in TEM sample preparation,
and the NIST glass shop (J. Anderson and A. Kirchhoff). D.V.E.
acknowledges the National Research Council Research Associateship
Programs for funding. A.A.T. was supported in part by the Science of
Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage
(NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department
of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under
award DESC0001160.
NR 39
TC 81
Z9 82
U1 18
U2 238
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 12
IS 6
BP 562
EP 568
DI 10.1038/NMAT3626
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 150PC
UT WOS:000319402200027
PM 23644521
ER
PT J
AU Giorgetta, FR
Swann, WC
Sinclair, LC
Baumann, E
Coddington, I
Newbury, NR
AF Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.
Swann, William C.
Sinclair, Laura C.
Baumann, Esther
Coddington, Ian
Newbury, Nathan R.
TI Optical two-way time and frequency transfer over free space
SO NATURE PHOTONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; CLOCKS; UNCERTAINTY; METROLOGY; LASER; LINK
AB The transfer of high-quality time-frequency signals between remote locations underpins many applications, including precision navigation and timing, clock-based geodesy, long-baseline interferometry, coherent radar arrays, tests of general relativity and fundamental constants, and future redefinition of the second(1-7). However, present microwave-based time-frequency transfer(8-10) is inadequate for state-of-the-art optical clocks and oscillators(1,11-16) that have femtosecond-level timing jitter and accuracies below 1 x 10(-17). Commensurate optically based transfer methods are therefore needed. Here we demonstrate optical time-frequency transfer over free space via two-way exchange between coherent frequency combs, each phase-locked to the local optical oscillator. We achieve 1 fs timing deviation, residual instability below 1 x 10(-18) at 1,000 s and systematic offsets below 4 x 10(-19), despite frequent signal fading due to atmospheric turbulence or obstructions across the 2 km link. This free-space transfer can enable terrestrial links to support clock-based geodesy. Combined with satellite-based optical communications, it provides a path towards global-scale geodesy, high-accuracy time-frequency distribution and satellite-based relativity experiments.
C1 [Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Sinclair, Laura C.; Baumann, Esther; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fabrizio@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov
RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015
OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann,
Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) QuASAR program;
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX This work was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) QuASAR program and by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with S.
Diddams, J.-D. Deschenes, S. Kaushik, S. Michael, R. Parenti, T. Parker,
F. Quinlan and T. Rosenband, and assistance from E. Williams and A.
Zolot.
NR 31
TC 57
Z9 60
U1 6
U2 76
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1749-4885
J9 NAT PHOTONICS
JI Nat. Photonics
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 7
IS 6
BP 435
EP 439
DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.69
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 154EE
UT WOS:000319653500008
ER
PT J
AU Hamadani, BH
Chua, K
Roller, J
Bennahmias, MJ
Campbell, B
Yoon, HW
Dougherty, B
AF Hamadani, B. H.
Chua, K.
Roller, J.
Bennahmias, M. J.
Campbell, B.
Yoon, H. W.
Dougherty, B.
TI Towards realization of a large-area light-emitting diode-based solar
simulator
SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Article
DE photovoltaics; solar simulator; light emitting diodes; LED-based
simulator
AB Solar simulators based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great promise as alternative light sources for indoor testing of photovoltaic cells with certain characteristics that make them superior to the traditional solar simulators. However, large-area uniform illumination more suitable for larger cells and module measurements still remain a challenge today. In this paper, we discuss the development and fabrication of a scalable large-area LED-based solar simulator that consists of multiple tapered light guides. We demonstrate fine intermixing of many LED light rays and power delivery in the form of a synthesized AM 1.5 spectrum over an area of 25cmx50cm with better than 10% spatial nonuniformity. We present the spectral output, the spatial uniformity, and the temporal stability of the simulator in both the constant current mode and the pulsed-mode LED operation, and compare our data with the International Electrotechnical Commission standards on solar simulators for class rating. Although the light intensity with our current design and settings falls short of the standard solar AM 1.5 intensity, this design and further improvements open up the possibility of achieving large-area, high-power indoor solar simulation with various desired spectra. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Hamadani, B. H.; Roller, J.; Dougherty, B.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chua, K.; Campbell, B.] Phys Opt Corp, Appl Technol Div, Torrance, CA 90501 USA.
[Bennahmias, M. J.] Bennahmias Consulting, Ladera Ranch, CA 92694 USA.
[Yoon, H. W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1062-7995
EI 1099-159X
J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS
JI Prog. Photovoltaics
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 21
IS 4
BP 779
EP 789
DI 10.1002/pip.1231
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA 150XW
UT WOS:000319425900039
ER
PT J
AU La Mesa, M
Catalano, B
Jones, CD
AF La Mesa, Mario
Catalano, Barbara
Jones, Christopher D.
TI Early life history of the ocellated icefish, Chionodraco rastrospinosus,
off the Antarctic Peninsula
SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE age and growth; Bransfield Strait; channichthyids; feeding; larval
stages; Southern Ocean
ID PARTICLE-TRACKING SIMULATIONS; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; SCOTIA ARC
REGION; CHAENOCEPHALUS-ACERATUS; BRANSFIELD STRAIT; AGE-DETERMINATION;
FISH STOCKS; GENE FLOW; SEA; CONNECTIVITY
AB Age, growth and feeding habits of early life stages of Chionodraco rastrospinosus Dewitt & Hureau, the most abundant channichthyid in the larval fish assemblages of the Bransfield Strait, were studied by otolith microincrement counts and stomach content analyses. Individuals measuring 39-69 mm standard length were caught in the uppermost depth strata down to 300 m from Brabant to Joinville islands along the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The sample consisted of post-larvae and juveniles aged 105-211 days, with a mean growth rate of 0.25 mm day(-1). Larval size at hatching was estimated to be c. 17.2 mm. Hatching was spread over a relatively long period from August-November. Sagittal otoliths were characterized by a strong check located at 23-52 microincrements of distance from the core, tentatively associated with the onset of first exogenous feeding. The relatively long period during which larvae can rely on yolk reserves and the large size at hatching enable them to utilize a wide size range of prey, as well as cope with occasional food shortages. The stomach contents consisted exclusively of euphausiids (furcilia and adults) and larvae of Pleuragramma antarcticum Boulenger. Based on growth rate, the residence time in pelagic waters of juvenile C. rastrospinosus was estimated to be about a year and a half.
C1 [La Mesa, Mario] Ist Sci Marine, ISMAR CNR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy.
[Catalano, Barbara] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, ISPRA, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
[Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), Ist Sci Marine, ISMAR CNR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy.
EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it
RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014
OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486
FU PNRA (Italian National Antarctic Research Program)
FX We thank all the crew members, personnel and scientific staff aboard of
RV Moana Wave for their invaluable support in sampling activities.
Comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the early version
of the manuscript. This study was supported by the PNRA (Italian
National Antarctic Research Program).
NR 40
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 18
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0954-1020
J9 ANTARCT SCI
JI Antarct. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 25
IS 3
BP 373
EP 380
DI 10.1017/S0954102012001095
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 148BE
UT WOS:000319216500004
ER
PT J
AU Klysubun, W
Ravel, B
Klysubun, P
Sombunchoo, P
Deenan, W
AF Klysubun, Wantana
Ravel, Bruce
Klysubun, Prapong
Sombunchoo, Panidtha
Deenan, Weeraya
TI Characterization of yellow and colorless decorative glasses from the
Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand
SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PERFORMANCE; XANES;
BEAMLINE; ATHENA; EXAFS; IRON; FE
AB Yellow and colorless ancient glasses, which were once used to decorate the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand, around 150 years ago, are studied to unravel the long-lost glass-making recipes and manufacturing techniques. Analyses of chemical compositions, using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SRXRF), indicate that the Thai ancient glasses are soda lime silica glasses (60 % SiO2; 10 % Na2O; 10 % CaO) bearing lead oxide between 2-16 %. Iron (1.5-9.4 % Fe2O3) and manganese (1.7 % MnO) are present in larger abundance than the other 3d transition metals detected (0.04-0.2 %). K-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) provide conclusive evidence on the oxidation states of Fe being 3+ and Mn being 2+ and on short-length tetrahedral structures around the cations. This suggests that iron is used as a yellow colorant with manganese as a decolorant. L (3)-edge XANES results reveal the oxidation states of lead as 2+. The results from this work provide information crucial for replicating these decorative glasses for the future restoration of the Temple of the Emerald Buddha.
C1 [Klysubun, Wantana; Klysubun, Prapong; Sombunchoo, Panidtha; Deenan, Weeraya] Synchrotron Light Res Inst, Muang 30000, Nakhon Ratchasi, Thailand.
[Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Klysubun, W (reprint author), Synchrotron Light Res Inst, 111 Univ Ave, Muang 30000, Nakhon Ratchasi, Thailand.
EM wantana@slri.or.th
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Samples of the Thai ancient glass were provided by the Bureau of the
Royal Household under the permission of Her Royal Highness Maha Chakri
Sirindhorn. The authors would like to thank Professor Dr. Jong-orn
Berananda for her help in provision of the samples from the Bureau of
the Royal Household, Ms. Panit Sriviboon, and Ms. Khanison
Bovornnitichuchai for providing historical information and access for
observation of excellent glass-decorated arts in the Grand Palace. In
addition, BL8 members are thanked for their experimental assistance at
SLRI beamline BL8. Dr. Pongtanawat Khemthong is thanked for XRD
measurement. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0947-8396
J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER
JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 111
IS 3
BP 775
EP 782
DI 10.1007/s00339-013-7657-8
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 146CD
UT WOS:000319065500012
ER
PT J
AU Ceylan, D
Tuna, G
Kirkali, G
Tunca, Z
Dizdaroglu, M
Can, G
Arat, E
Ozerdem, A
AF Ceylan, D.
Tuna, G.
Kirkali, G.
Tunca, Z.
Dizdaroglu, M.
Can, G.
Arat, E.
Ozerdem, A.
TI Increased oxidative base damage to DNA in bipolar disorder: a
cross-sectional case control study
SO BIPOLAR DISORDERS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 10th International Conference on Bipolar Disorder of the
International-Society-for-Bipolar-Disorders
CY JUN 13-16, 2013
CL Miami Beach, FL
SP Int Soc Bipolar Disorders
DE 8-hydroxyguanine; oxidative stress; DNA base damage; bipolar disorder
C1 [Ceylan, D.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neurosci, Izmir, Turkey.
[Tuna, G.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey.
[Kirkali, G.; Dizdaroglu, M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tunca, Z.; Can, G.; Arat, E.; Ozerdem, A.] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Psychiat, Izmir, Turkey.
RI ceylan, deniz/E-9415-2017
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1398-5647
J9 BIPOLAR DISORD
JI Bipolar Disord.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 15
SU 1
SI SI
BP 55
EP 55
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry
GA 156MR
UT WOS:000319826800119
ER
PT J
AU DePiper, GS
Higgins, N
Lipton, DW
Stocking, A
AF DePiper, Geret S.
Higgins, Nathaniel
Lipton, Douglas W.
Stocking, Andrew
TI Auction Design, Incentives, and Buying Back Maryland and Virginia Crab
Licenses
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D
AGROECONOMIE
LA English
DT Article
ID RESERVE PRICES; BUYBACK PROGRAMS; FISHERIES; SUBSIDIES; MARKET; POLICY
AB Fisheries managers use buybacks to reduce fleet capacity, conserve fish stocks, and accomplish other goals. In 2009, Maryland and Virginia conducted auctions to buy back commercial fishing licenses. The auctions in both States had similar timing, objectives, and target populations. The divergent designs of the auctions, however, provide a case study with which to investigate effective buyback practices. We compare and contrast the market designs used by Maryland and Virginia, and describe how those differing designs influenced the respective outcomes. Les gestionnaires des peches recourent aux rachats de permis pour reduire la capacite des flottilles de peche, proteger les stocks de poissons et realiser divers objectifs. En 2009, les Etats du Maryland et de la Virginie ont organise des ventes aux encheres pour racheter des permis de peche commerciale. Le moment choisi, les objectifs et les populations cibles de ces deux Etats etaient similaires. Toutefois, les conceptions des encheres etaient differentes et offraient l'occasion d'examiner les pratiques de rachat efficaces. Nous faisons ressortir les similitudes et les differences des conceptions du marche utilisees par le Maryland et la Virginie, et nous decrivons de quelle facon ces conceptions ont influence les resultats respectifs.
C1 [DePiper, Geret S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Higgins, Nathaniel] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
[Lipton, Douglas W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Stocking, Andrew] Congress Budget Off, Washington, DC 20515 USA.
RP DePiper, GS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM geret.depiper@noaa.gov; nhiggins@ers.usda.gov; dlipton@arec.umd.edu;
astocking@cbo.gov
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0008-3976
J9 CAN J AGR ECON
JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 61
IS 2
SI SI
BP 353
EP 370
DI 10.1111/cjag.12005
PG 18
WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics
SC Agriculture; Business & Economics
GA 149UM
UT WOS:000319346900011
ER
PT J
AU Smith, EK
Guzman, JM
Luckenbach, JA
AF Smith, Elizabeth K.
Guzman, Jose M.
Luckenbach, J. Adam
TI Molecular cloning, characterization, and sexually dimorphic expression
of five major sex differentiation-related genes in a Scorpaeniform fish,
sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gonadal sex differentiation; Sex determination; Foxl2; Cyp19a1a; Dmrt1
ID ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-LETHOSTIGMA; MEDAKA
ORYZIAS-LATIPES; AROMATASE GENE; CYTOCHROME-P450 AROMATASE;
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; RAINBOW-TROUT;
ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; GONADAL DIFFERENTIATION
AB Regardless of how sex is determined, the gonadal genes expressed downstream that regulate sex differentiation are relatively conserved among vertebrates. The goal of this study was to clone and characterize five key sex differentiation-related genes in a Scorpaeniform fish, sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Complete mRNA sequences of foxl2, cyp19a1a, dmrt1, sox9a and amh were cloned, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. The sablefish mRNA sequences exhibited the characteristic domains of each gene. The deduced amino sequences were highly conserved in some cases, such as Foxl2, whereas others, such as Amh, exhibited lower homology to corresponding sequences in other vertebrates. Using quantitative PCRs developed for each gene, we found that foxl2 and cyp19a1a mRNA levels were significantly elevated in juvenile sablefish ovaries compared to testes, whereas dmrt1, sox9a and amh mRNA levels were significantly elevated in testes relative to ovaries. These patterns were upheld in our tissue distribution analyses of adult fish, but overall four of the genes, foxl2, cyp19a1a, dmrt1 and amh, were robust markers of sex in sablefish. This study provides important molecular tools for ongoing work related to sex control in sablefish and exploration of the earliest period of molecular sex differentiation and its regulation. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Smith, Elizabeth K.; Guzman, Jose M.; Luckenbach, J. Adam] NOAA, Environm Physiol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Luckenbach, J. Adam] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Physiol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
EM Adam.Luckenbach@noaa.gov
FU NWFSC Internal Grants Program; Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero
FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Ronald B. Johnson and Ken Massee for
helping us acquire sablefish for this study and Mollie A. Middleton for
her assistance with histology. This research was supported by funding to
J.A.L. from the NWFSC Internal Grants Program and a fellowship from
Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero to J.M.G.
NR 69
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 75
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1096-4959
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 165
IS 2
BP 125
EP 137
DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.03.011
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
GA 148MM
UT WOS:000319248700007
PM 23507626
ER
PT J
AU Gleason, M
Feller, EM
Merrifield, M
Copps, S
Fujita, R
Bell, M
Rienecke, S
Cook, C
AF Gleason, Mary
Feller, Erika M.
Merrifield, Matt
Copps, Stephen
Fujita, Rod
Bell, Michael
Rienecke, Steve
Cook, Chuck
TI A Transactional and Collaborative Approach to Reducing Effects of Bottom
Trawling
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE essential fish habitat; fisheries; groundfish; marine protected area;
private buyout
ID MARINE CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; COMMONS
AB Private-sector financial and legal transactions have long been used to protect terrestrial habitats and working landscapes, but less commonly to address critical threats in marine environments. Transferrable and marketable fishing privileges, including permits and quotas, make it possible to use private-sector transactions as conservation strategies to address some fishery management issues. Abating the effects of bottom trawling on the seafloor and bycatch and discard associated with the practice has proven challenging. On the Central Coast of California, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Environmental Defense Fund, local fishers and local, state, and federal authorities worked collaboratively to protect large areas of the seafloor from bottom trawling for groundfish while addressing economic impacts of trawl closures. Contingent on the adoption of trawl-closure areas by a federal regulatory agency, TNC used private funds to purchase federal groundfish trawl permits and vessels from willing sellers. Trawl-closure areas were designed collaboratively by combining regional biological diversity and fisheries data with local fishers' knowledge. The private transactional strategy was designed to remedy some deficiencies in previous federal buyouts, to mitigate economic impacts from trawl closures, and to carefully align with a public regulatory process to protect essential fish habitat under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. This collaborative effort protected 1.5 million ha (3.8 million acres) of seafloor, reduced trawl effort in the area by 50%, and set a precedent for collaborative partnerships between conservation and fishing interests. This is the first time a large conservation organization has taken an ownership position in a fishery and demonstrates how nongovernmental organizations can invest in fisheries to improve environmental and economic performance.
C1 [Gleason, Mary; Merrifield, Matt; Bell, Michael; Rienecke, Steve; Cook, Chuck] Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA.
[Feller, Erika M.] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA.
[Copps, Stephen] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Fujita, Rod] Environm Def Fund, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA.
RP Gleason, M (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission St,4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA.
EM mgleason@tnc.org
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation
FX This project benefited from the input and participation of many
individuals and organizations. In particular we acknowledge the
central-coast fishing communities and fishers; leadership and staff
members at NMFS and the PFMC; C. Costello, J. Collie, and A. Rosenberg
for technical advice; S. Morrison, S. Solie, and anonymous reviewers of
the manuscript. Funding was provided by the David and Lucile Packard
Foundation, G. Moore, and TNC's many donors.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 40
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 27
IS 3
BP 470
EP 479
DI 10.1111/cobi.12041
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 150OD
UT WOS:000319399600007
PM 23530985
ER
PT J
AU Pickart, RS
Spall, MA
Mathis, JT
AF Pickart, Robert S.
Spall, Michael A.
Mathis, Jeremy T.
TI Dynamics of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea and associated
shelf-basin fluxes
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Upwelling; Boundary currents; Shelf-basin interaction; Pack-ice
ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
WATER; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; EDDIES; ICE; IMPACTS
AB Data from a high-resolution mooring array deployed across the Alaskan Beaufort shelfbreak and slope, together with an idealized numerical model, are used to investigate the dynamics of wind-driven upwelling and the magnitude of the resulting shelf-basin exchange. The analysis focuses on a single storm event in November 2002 when the sea-ice concentration was 50-70%. The normally eastward-flowing shelfbreak jet was reversed to the west, and the secondary circulation near the shelfbreak was characterized by offshore flow in the upper layer and a nearly equal amount of onshore flow at depth. Ekman theory accurately predicts the strength of the secondary circulation when one takes into account the ice-ocean stress. The depth-integrated alongstream momentum balance reveals that, near the shelf edge, the reversed jet is driven by a combination of the surface stress and divergence of cross-stream momentum flux. The reversed jet is primarily spun-down - before the winds subside - by the alongstream pressure gradient that likely results from the variation in sea surface height. The shelf-basin fluxes of heat, freshwater, and nitrate resulting from the storm are substantial. Much of the yearly supply of heat to the Beaufort shelf from the inflowing Pacific water through Bering Strait was fluxed offshore, and the amount of freshwater transported into the basin represents a substantial fraction of the year-to-year variation in the freshwater inventory of the Beaufort Gyre. The on-shelf flux of nitrate from 4 to 5 such storms could account for most of the net annual primary production that occurs on the Beaufort shelf. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pickart, Robert S.; Spall, Michael A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA.
[Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Pickart, RS (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA.
EM rpickart@whoi.edu
OI Spall, Michael/0000-0003-1966-3122
FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0731928, OPP-0713250, ARC-1107997];
National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-07-1-1040]
FX The authors thank Steve Lentz for helpful discussions during the course
of the work. Andrey Proshutinsky provided information and insights about
the Beaufort Gyre. Jack Cook and Terry McKee aided with some of the
graphics. The following grants provided support for this study: National
Science Foundation grant OPP-0731928 (R.P. and M.S.); National Science
Foundation grant OPP-0713250 (R.P.); National Ocean Partnership Program
project N00014-07-1-1040 (R.P.); and National Science Foundation grant
ARC-1107997 (J.M.).
NR 55
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 33
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
EI 1879-0119
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 76
BP 35
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.01.007
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 146KM
UT WOS:000319090000004
ER
PT J
AU Mentink, MGT
Bonevich, JE
Dhalle, MMJ
Dietderich, DR
Godeke, A
Hellman, F
ten Kate, HHJ
AF Mentink, M. G. T.
Bonevich, J. E.
Dhalle, M. M. J.
Dietderich, D. R.
Godeke, A.
Hellman, F.
ten Kate, H. H. J.
TI Superconductivity in Nb-Sn Thin Films of Stoichiometric and
Off-Stoichiometric Compositions
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Composition; morphology; Nb3Sn; superconducting properties; thin film
ID NB3SN CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-FIELD; DEPENDENCE; V3SI
AB Binary Nb-Sn thin film samples were fabricated and characterized in terms of their composition, morphology, and superconducting properties. Nb-Sn was magnetron-sputtered onto heated R-plane sapphire substrates at 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C, and 900 degrees C, using a custom-built heater assembly. Samples were cut into strips, where each strip has a unique composition. For a subset of the samples, Nb-Sn was selectively etched away at an etching rate of 6 +/- 1 nm/s using an aqueous solution of 3 vol.% hydrofluoric and 19 vol.% nitric acid. The sample composition was investigated with a scanning electron microscope with an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy detector. Surface and cross-section morphologies were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy, revealing a dense columnar poly-crystalline grain structure. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate a highly textured film that is (100) oriented out-of-plane and random in-plane. The critical temperature T-c (ranging from 9.8 to 17.9 K), critical magnetic field mu(0) H-c2 (ranging from 12.5 to 31.3 T), residual resistivity ratio (RRR), and normal state resistivity rho(0) were measured and found to be broadly consistent with literature data on bulk Nb3Sn.
C1 [Mentink, M. G. T.; Dhalle, M. M. J.; ten Kate, H. H. J.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
[Mentink, M. G. T.; Dietderich, D. R.; Godeke, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Bonevich, J. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
RP Mentink, MGT (reprint author), Univ Twente, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM mgtmentink@lbl.gov; john.bonevich@nist.gov; fhellman@berkeley.edu
FU Office of Science, High Energy Physics, Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, High
Energy Physics (Godeke, Mentink, Dietderich), Basic Energy Sciences
(Hellman), the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 28
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 7100505
DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2235513
PN 3
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 145EK
UT WOS:000318997100040
ER
PT J
AU Okoro, C
Kabos, P
Obrzut, J
Hummler, K
Obeng, YS
AF Okoro, Chukwudi
Kabos, Pavel
Obrzut, Jan
Hummler, Klaus
Obeng, Yaw S.
TI Accelerated Stress Test Assessment of Through-Silicon Via Using RF
Signals
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
LA English
DT Article
DE Failure analysis; radio-frequency (RF); thermal cycling; through-silicon
via (TSV)
ID TSV
AB In this paper, radio frequency signal is demonstrated as an effective probe for assessing the effect of thermal cycling on the reliability of through-silicon vias (TSVs) in stacked dies. It is found that the RF signal integrity in TSV daisy chain, particularly its transmission characteristics, degrades considerably with extended thermal cycling, because of the formation and the growth of voids. Early failures are observed in the reliability analysis of the TSV daisy chain and are attributed to processing-related variability across the wafer. However, the maximum failure rate is found to occur at 500 thermal cycles, which is attributed to the initiation of defects and their subsequent propagation.
C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Dept Semicond, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Dept Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Dept Integrat 3D, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Dept Semicond, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov; pavel.kabos@nist.gov; jan.obrzut@nist.gov;
klaus.hummler@sematech.org; yaw.obeng@nist.gov
OI Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 21
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9383
J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV
JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 60
IS 6
BP 2015
EP 2021
DI 10.1109/TED.2013.2257791
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 149XU
UT WOS:000319355500033
ER
PT J
AU Jones, GR
Lipe, T
Landim, R
Di Lillo, L
AF Jones, George R.
Lipe, Thomas
Landim, Regis
Di Lillo, Lucas
TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON CPEM 2012
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Jones, George R.] NIST, Fundamental Elect Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lipe, Thomas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Landim, Regis] INMETRO, BR-20261232 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
[Di Lillo, Lucas] INTI, San Martin, Argentina.
RP Jones, GR (reprint author), NIST, Fundamental Elect Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1397
EP 1399
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2256492
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800002
ER
PT J
AU Tang, YH
Stenbakken, GN
Goldstein, A
AF Tang, Yi-hua
Stenbakken, Gerard N.
Goldstein, Allen
TI Calibration of Phasor Measurement Unit at NIST
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Calibration; coordinated universal time (UTC); global positioning system
(GPS); phase measurement unit (PMU); total vector error (TVE);
traceability; uncertainty
AB This paper describes the basic operating principles of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and their time requirements to estimate absolute phase angles. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PMU calibration system that tests PMU performance necessary to meet the IEEE synchrophasor standard requirements is discussed. The calibration of voltage, current, and time measurements for the NIST PMU test system is described. The total vector error of the NIST PMU test system is estimated to be 0.05%. A comparison between the NIST PMU test system and a prototype commercial PMU calibrator was performed to assure traceability of relevant electrical measurements and time measurement.
C1 [Tang, Yi-hua; Goldstein, Allen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stenbakken, Gerard N.] GNS Consulting, Potomac, MD 20854 USA.
[Goldstein, Allen] Fluke Calibrat, Everett, WA 98203 USA.
RP Tang, YH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yi-hua.tang@nist.gov; gerard.stenbakken@nist.gov;
allen.goldstein@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1417
EP 1422
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2240951
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800006
ER
PT J
AU Real, MA
Lass, EA
Liu, FH
Shen, T
Jones, GR
Soons, JA
Newell, DB
Davydov, AV
Elmquist, RE
AF Real, Mariano A.
Lass, Eric A.
Liu, Fan-Hung
Shen, Tian
Jones, George R.
Soons, Johannes A.
Newell, David B.
Davydov, Albert V.
Elmquist, Randolph E.
TI Graphene Epitaxial Growth on SiC(0001) for Resistance Standards
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Diffusion processes; epitaxial growth; graphene; quantized Hall
resistance (QHR) standard; quantum Hall effect; surface morphology
ID QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; SILICON-CARBIDE
AB A well-controlled technique for high-temperature epitaxial growth on 6H-SiC(0001) substrates is shown to allow the development of monolayer graphene that exhibits promise for precise metrological applications. Face-to-face and face-to-graphite annealing in a graphite-lined furnace at 1200 degrees C-2000 degrees C with a 101-kPa Ar background gas lowers the rates of SiC decomposition and Si sublimation/diffusion and thus provides a means to control the rate of graphene layer development. We studied a wide range of growth temperatures and times and describe the resulting sample surface morphology changes and graphene layer structures. The experimental results are compared to a kinetic model based on two diffusion processes: Si vapor diffusion in the Ar-filled gap and atomic diffusion through graphitic surface layers.
C1 [Real, Mariano A.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, RA-5445 San Martin, Argentina.
[Lass, Eric A.; Shen, Tian; Jones, George R.; Soons, Johannes A.; Newell, David B.; Davydov, Albert V.; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Fan-Hung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
RP Real, MA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, RA-5445 San Martin, Argentina.
EM mreal@inti.gob.ar
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311;
NR 19
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 53
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1454
EP 1460
DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2225962
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800012
ER
PT J
AU Shimamoto, S
Naitou, Y
Fukuyama, Y
Kiryu, S
Kaneko, N
AF Shimamoto, Shinsuke
Naitou, Yuichi
Fukuyama, Yasuhiro
Kiryu, Shogo
Kaneko, Nobu-hisa
TI Native Graphene Oxides at Graphene Edges
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Graphene nanoribbon (GNR); graphene; quantized Hall resistance (QHR)
standard; quantum Hall effect; scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM);
scanning probe microscopy (SPM)
ID FORCE MICROSCOPY
AB Electronic properties of graphene edges on a SiO2 substrate have been examined using scanning probe microscopy. Distinctive dot-like protrusions appearing nearly periodically on the edges of graphene were observed, and the density of the protrusions increased as the number of graphene layers increased. Imaging analysis revealed that the electrostatic properties of these protrusions are different from those of surrounding graphene. These findings are discussed and interpreted in terms of the local oxidation at the native graphene edges.
C1 [Shimamoto, Shinsuke; Fukuyama, Yasuhiro; Kaneko, Nobu-hisa] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan.
[Shimamoto, Shinsuke; Kiryu, Shogo] Tokyo City Univ, Tokyo 1588557, Japan.
[Naitou, Yuichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
[Fukuyama, Yasuhiro] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shimamoto, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan.
EM yu-naitou@aist.go.jp; y.fukuyama@aist.go.jp; kiryu@bme.tcu.ac.jp;
nobuhisa.kaneko@aist.go.jp
RI Naitou, Yuichi/B-1665-2009
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 26
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1461
EP 1466
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2238454
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800013
ER
PT J
AU Pollarolo, A
Jeong, T
Benz, SP
Rogalla, H
AF Pollarolo, Alessio
Jeong, Taehee
Benz, Samuel P.
Rogalla, Horst
TI Johnson Noise Thermometry Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant With a
200 Omega Sense Resistor
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Boltzmann equation; Josephson junction; measurement units; noise
measurement; standards; temperature
ID THERMAL AGITATION; CONDUCTORS; ACCURACY
AB In 2010, the National Institute of Standards and Technology measured the Boltzmann constant k with an electronic technique that measured the Johnson noise of a 100 Omega resistor at the triple point of water and used a voltage waveform synthesized with a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) as a reference. In this paper, we present measurements of k using a 200 Omega sense resistor and an appropriately modified QVNS circuit and waveform. Preliminary results show agreement with the previous value within the statistical uncertainty. An analysis is presented, where the largest source of uncertainty is identified, which is the frequency dependence in the constant term alpha(0) of the two-parameter fit.
C1 [Pollarolo, Alessio; Benz, Samuel P.; Rogalla, Horst] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jeong, Taehee] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA.
[Rogalla, Horst] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Pollarolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM alessio.pollarolo@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. government
FX Manuscript received July 4, 2012; revised October 17, 2012; accepted
October 19, 2012. Date of publication February 7, 2013; date of current
version May 8, 2013. This work was supported by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology with the contribution of the U.S.
government. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process for
this paper was Thomas Lipe.
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1512
EP 1517
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2239033
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800021
ER
PT J
AU Qu, JF
Fu, YF
Zhang, JQ
Rogalla, H
Pollarolo, A
Benz, SP
AF Qu, Jifeng
Fu, Yunfeng
Zhang, Jianqiang
Rogalla, Horst
Pollarolo, Alessio
Benz, Samuel P.
TI Flat Frequency Response in the Electronic Measurement of Boltzmann's
Constant
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Correlation; Johnson noise; Josephson voltage standard; noise
measurement; temperature measurement
ID JOHNSON NOISE THERMOMETRY; THERMAL AGITATION; GAS THERMOMETRY;
CONDUCTORS; ELECTRICITY
AB A new quantum-voltage-calibrated Johnson noise thermometer was developed at the National Institute of Metrology to demonstrate the electrical approach that determines Boltzmann's constant k, by comparing electrical and thermal noise power. A measurement with an integration period of 19 h and a bandwidth of 638 kHz results in a relative offset of 1 x 10(-6), from the current Committee on Data for Science and Technology value of k, and a type A relative standard uncertainty of 17 x 10(-6). Closely matched noise powers and transmission-line impedances were achieved, and consequently, the quadratic fitting parameters of the ratio spectrum show flat frequency responses with respect to the measurement bandwidth. This flat response produces a dramatically reduced systematic error compared to that of the National Institute of Standards and Technology measurement of k, in which the relative combined uncertainty was dominated by this error.
C1 [Qu, Jifeng; Fu, Yunfeng; Zhang, Jianqiang] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
[Rogalla, Horst; Pollarolo, Alessio; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Rogalla, Horst] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Rogalla, Horst] Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
RP Qu, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
EM qujf@nim.ac.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61001034]; Public Welfare
Scientific Research Project [201010008]
FX Manuscript received July 2, 2012; revised September 27, 2012; accepted
October 15, 2012. Date of publication February 4, 2013; date of current
version May 8, 2013. This work was supported in part by the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61001034) and in part by the
Public Welfare Scientific Research Project (No. 201010008). The
Associate Editor coordinating the review process for this paper was Dr.
George Jones.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1518
EP 1523
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2238431
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800022
ER
PT J
AU Schlamminger, S
AF Schlamminger, Stephan
TI Design of the Permanent-Magnet System for NIST-4
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Electromagnetic measurements; measurement standards; measurement units;
permanent magnets; precision engineering
ID PLANCK CONSTANT; WATT BALANCE; ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM
AB A new watt balance, i.e., NIST-4, is currently being designed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This apparatus will be used to realize the unit of mass after the redefinition of the kilogram has taken effect. In order to ensure smooth operation at regular mass realizations, the watt balance should be easy to use and reliable. To meet these requirements, a permanent-magnet system will be implemented to generate the magnetic flux required to operate NIST-4. A brief overview of the permanent-magnet system and its design considerations are given.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov
NR 9
TC 10
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U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1524
EP 1530
DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2230771
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800023
ER
PT J
AU Rufenacht, A
Burroughs, CJ
Dresselhaus, PD
Benz, SP
AF Ruefenacht, Alain
Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.
Dresselhaus, Paul D.
Benz, Samuel P.
TI Differential Sampling Measurement of a 7 V RMS Sine Wave With a
Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Analog-digital conversion; Josephson arrays; power measurement;
quantization; signal synthesis; standards;
superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; voltage measurement
ID POWER STANDARD; SYNTHESIZER; ERROR
AB A 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard has enabled sine waves with voltages up to 7 V RMS to be accurately measured with a differential sampling measurement technique. Expanding the voltage range for this technique enables the direct calibration of the low-frequency ranges of commercial calibrators in the ac voltage mode. This paper reviews the practically achievable performance and challenges of the differential sampling measurement technique that arise when measuring RMS voltages greater than a few volts. A relative Type A uncertainty of 4 parts in 10(7) was achieved with the technique when measuring a 7 V RMS sine wave generated by a calibrator at 62.5 Hz.
C1 [Ruefenacht, Alain; Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Rufenacht, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM alain.rufenacht@nist.gov
NR 27
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Z9 12
U1 2
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1587
EP 1593
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2237993
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800033
ER
PT J
AU Parks, HV
Tang, YH
Reese, P
Gust, J
Novak, JJ
AF Parks, Harold V.
Tang, Yi-hua
Reese, Paul
Gust, Jeff
Novak, James J.
TI The North American Josephson Voltage Interlaboratory Comparison
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Interlaboratory comparison (ILC); Josephson voltage standards (JVSs);
measurement standards; uncertainty; voltage measurement
ID STANDARDS; DC
AB The ninth North American Josephson voltage standard (JVS) interlaboratory comparison (ILC) at 10 V was completed in 2011. An on-site comparison was conducted between the National Institute of Standards and Technology compact JVS and the pivot laboratory system. A set of four traveling Zener voltage standards was then shipped from the pivot laboratory to the other participants. We give the results from the 2011 ILC and review recent comparisons which have used the same traveling standards and similar procedures.
C1 [Parks, Harold V.; Novak, James J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Tang, Yi-hua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Reese, Paul] Bionetics Corp, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA.
[Gust, Jeff] Fluke Corp, Everett, WA 98206 USA.
RP Parks, HV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM hvparks@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to thank Fluke Calibration for providing the four
traveling Zener voltage standards as well as High Precision Devices Inc.
for the reversing switches. Sandia National Laboratories is a
multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a
wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S.
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under
Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 16
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U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1608
EP 1614
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2238014
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800036
ER
PT J
AU Burroughs, CJ
Rufenacht, A
Benz, SP
Dresselhaus, PD
AF Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.
Ruefenacht, Alain
Benz, Samuel P.
Dresselhaus, Paul D.
TI Method for Ensuring Accurate AC Waveforms With Programmable Josephson
Voltage Standards
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Josephson arrays; Josephson device measurement applications; Josephson
devices; Josephson voltage standard; measurement standards
ID SYNTHESIZER; ERROR
AB The amplitudes of stepwise-approximated sine waves generated by programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS) are not intrinsically accurate because the transitions between the quantized voltages depend on numerous conditions. We have developed a method that ensures that the total rms output voltages of arbitrary ac waveforms synthesized by the PJVS are accurately referenced to the quantized Josephson voltages. This is accomplished by digitizing the output waveform, utilizing the quantized voltages to correct digitizer gain, noise, and nonlinearity, and then utilizing measurements of the bandwidth, rise time, and harmonic content to precisely tune the PJVS bias parameters. Our goal is to develop an AC standard source that can directly synthesize voltages with the accuracy expected of a quantum-based standard without the use of a thermal voltage converter.
C1 [Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.; Ruefenacht, Alain; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1627
EP 1633
DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2250192
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800039
ER
PT J
AU Rietveld, G
van der Beek, JHN
Kraft, M
Elmquist, RE
Mortara, A
Jeckelmann, B
AF Rietveld, Gert
van der Beek, Jan H. N.
Kraft, Marlin
Elmquist, Randolph E.
Mortara, Alessandro
Jeckelmann, Beat
TI Low-Ohmic Resistance Comparison: Measurement Capabilities and Resistor
Traveling Behavior
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Comparison; low-ohmic measurements; precision measurements; resistance
measurements; resistors; shunts; traveling behavior
AB The low-ohmic resistance measurement capabilities of the Van Swinden Laboratorium, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Federal Office of Metrology (METAS) were compared using a set of resistors with values 100 m Omega, 10 m Omega, 1 m Omega, and 100 mu Omega, respectively. The measurement results of the three laboratories agree extremely well within the respective measurement uncertainties with the comparison reference value. Careful transport of the resistors was crucial for achieving this result. Still, some of the resistors showed steps in value at each transport which likely relates to the construction of the resistance elements of these resistors.
C1 [Rietveld, Gert; van der Beek, Jan H. N.] Natl Metrol Inst Netherlands, Van Swinden Lab, NL-2600 AR Delft, Netherlands.
[Kraft, Marlin; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mortara, Alessandro; Jeckelmann, Beat] Fed Off Metrol METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland.
RP Rietveld, G (reprint author), Natl Metrol Inst Netherlands, Van Swinden Lab, NL-2600 AR Delft, Netherlands.
EM grietveld@vsl.nl; jvdbeek@vsl.nl; marlin.kraft@nist.gov.us;
randolph.elmquist@nist.gov.us; Alessandro.Mortara@metas.ch;
Beat.Jeckelmann@metas.ch
FU Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation
FX This work was supported by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs,
Agriculture and Innovation. This paper is an official contribution of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to
copyright in the U. S. The Associate Editor coordinating the review
process for this paper was Dr. George Jones.
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 62
IS 6
BP 1723
EP 1728
DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2225917
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 145HT
UT WOS:000319006800055
ER
PT J
AU Reichmuth, C
Holt, MM
Mulsow, J
Sills, JM
Southall, BL
AF Reichmuth, Colleen
Holt, Marla M.
Mulsow, Jason
Sills, Jillian M.
Southall, Brandon L.
TI Comparative assessment of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds
SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND
BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE California sea lion; Harbor seal; Northern elephant seal; Hearing
threshold; Amphibious hearing; Audiogram
ID CALIFORNIA SEA LION; PAGOPHILUS-GROENLANDICUS ERXLEBEN; DOLPHIN
TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PURE-TONE DETECTION; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS;
UNDERWATER AUDIOGRAM; HARBOR SEAL; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; MARINE
MAMMALS; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY
AB Auditory sensitivity in pinnipeds is influenced by the need to balance efficient sound detection in two vastly different physical environments. Previous comparisons between aerial and underwater hearing capabilities have considered media-dependent differences relative to auditory anatomy, acoustic communication, ecology, and amphibious life history. New data for several species, including recently published audiograms and previously unreported measurements obtained in quiet conditions, necessitate a re-evaluation of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds. Several findings related to underwater hearing are consistent with earlier assessments, including an expanded frequency range of best hearing in true seals that spans at least six octaves. The most notable new results indicate markedly better aerial sensitivity in two seals (Phoca vitulina and Mirounga angustirostris) and one sea lion (Zalophus californianus), likely attributable to improved ambient noise control in test enclosures. An updated comparative analysis alters conventional views and demonstrates that these amphibious pinnipeds have not necessarily sacrificed aerial hearing capabilities in favor of enhanced underwater sound reception. Despite possessing underwater hearing that is nearly as sensitive as fully aquatic cetaceans and sirenians, many seals and sea lions have retained acute aerial hearing capabilities rivaling those of terrestrial carnivores.
C1 [Reichmuth, Colleen; Southall, Brandon L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Holt, Marla M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Mulsow, Jason] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA.
[Sills, Jillian M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Southall, Brandon L.] SEA Inc, Aptos, CA 95003 USA.
RP Reichmuth, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM coll@ucsc.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-99-1-0164, B00014-02-1-0159,
N00014-04-1-0248, N00014-06-1-0295]; DURIP [N00014-99-1-0686]
FX This work was conducted over a period of many years and was supported by
the contributions of several individuals. It is important for us to
acknowledge that Dr. David Kastak conceived, planned, and conducted much
of this research. His long-standing interest in the trade-offs between
aerial and underwater hearing in marine mammals stimulated countless
discussions, careful experiments, and thoughtful revisions of earlier
ideas. Dr. Ronald Schusterman encouraged us during this research and
reminded us of the value of viewing science as a self-correcting
process. Drs. Bertel Mohl, Jack Terhune, and Patrick Moore influenced
this research by sharing their perspectives during early phases of data
collection. This research would not have been possible without the
participation of many members of our research program at Long Marine
Laboratory, especially Amy Bernard, Asila Ghoul, Andrew Rouse, and
Brendan Wakefield, and we thank the entire team for their hard work and
partnership. Support for this research was provided by the Office of
Naval Research through awards N00014-99-1-0164, B00014-02-1-0159,
N00014-04-1-0248, and N00014-06-1-0295 and DURIP through award
N00014-99-1-0686. This manuscript was improved by the helpful comments
of JCP-A Editor Dr. Wolf Hanke and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 70
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U1 4
U2 60
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0340-7594
J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A
JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 199
IS 6
SI SI
BP 491
EP 507
DI 10.1007/s00359-013-0813-y
PG 17
WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology
GA 152EL
UT WOS:000319513500007
PM 23563644
ER
PT J
AU Breuner, CW
Sprague, RS
Patterson, SH
Woods, HA
AF Breuner, Creagh W.
Sprague, Rachel S.
Patterson, Stephen H.
Woods, H. Arthur
TI Environment, behavior and physiology: do birds use barometric pressure
to predict storms?
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE activity; corticosterone; environmental cues; inclement weather;
metabolic rate; stress
ID WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; FOOD-INTAKE; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSES;
ADRENOCORTICAL-RESPONSE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE;
PARATYMPANIC ORGAN; PASSERINE BIRDS; SIERRA-NEVADA; WEATHER
AB Severe storms can pose a grave challenge to the temperature and energy homeostasis of small endothermic vertebrates. Storms are accompanied by lower temperatures and wind, increasing metabolic expenditure, and can inhibit foraging, thereby limiting energy intake. To avoid these potential problems, most endotherms have mechanisms for offsetting the energetic risks posed by storms. One possibility is to use cues to predict oncoming storms and to alter physiology and behavior in ways that make survival more likely. Barometric pressure declines predictably before inclement weather, and several lines of evidence indicate that animals alter behavior based on changes in ambient pressure. Here we examined the effects of declining barometric pressure on physiology and behavior in the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys. Using field data from a long-term study, we first evaluated the relationship between barometric pressure, storms and stress physiology in free-living white-crowned sparrows. We then manipulated barometric pressure experimentally in the laboratory and determined how it affects activity, food intake, metabolic rates and stress physiology. The field data showed declining barometric pressure in the 12-24 h preceding snowstorms, but we found no relationship between barometric pressure and stress physiology. The laboratory study showed that declining barometric pressure stimulated food intake, but had no effect on metabolic rate or stress physiology. These data suggest that white-crowned sparrows can sense and respond to declining barometric pressure, and we propose that such an ability may be common in wild vertebrates, especially small ones for whom individual storms can be life-threatening events.
C1 [Breuner, Creagh W.; Sprague, Rachel S.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Breuner, Creagh W.; Patterson, Stephen H.; Woods, H. Arthur] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Sprague, Rachel S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Breuner, CW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM creagh.breuner@umontana.edu
FU National Science Foundation [IBN 0236536, IOS 0747361]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [IBN 0236536,
IOS 0747361 to C.W.B.].
NR 57
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Z9 10
U1 3
U2 64
PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL,
CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-0949
J9 J EXP BIOL
JI J. Exp. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 216
IS 11
BP 1982
EP 1990
DI 10.1242/jeb.081067
PG 9
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 146UG
UT WOS:000319117400013
PM 23678098
ER
PT J
AU Polito, MJ
Reiss, CS
Trivelpiece, WZ
Patterson, WP
Emslie, SD
AF Polito, Michael J.
Reiss, Christian S.
Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.
Patterson, William P.
Emslie, Steven D.
TI Stable isotopes identify an ontogenetic niche expansion in Antarctic
krill (Euphausia superba) from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; FOOD-WEB; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; STRUCTURED
POPULATIONS; ACID-COMPOSITION; ADELIE PENGUINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
GROWTH-RATE; SCOTIA SEA; DIET
AB Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) occupy a key position in the Southern Ocean linking primary production to secondary consumers. While krill is a dominant grazer of phytoplankton, it also consumes heterotrophic prey and the relative importance of these two resources may differ with ontogeny. We used stable isotope analyses to evaluate body size-dependent trophic and habitat shifts in krill during the austral summer around the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. We found evidence for an asymmetric, ontogenetic niche expansion with adults of both sexes having higher and more variable delta N-15 values but consistent delta C-13 values in comparison with juveniles. This result suggests that while phytoplankton likely remains an important life-long resource, krill in our study area expand their dietary niche to include higher trophic food sources as body size increases. The broader dietary niches observed in adults may help buffer them from recent climate-driven shifts in phytoplankton communities that negatively affect larval or juvenile krill that rely predominately on autotrophic resources.
C1 [Polito, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Polito, Michael J.; Emslie, Steven D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
[Reiss, Christian S.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Patterson, William P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Isotope Lab, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM mpolito@whoi.edu
RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012;
OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431; Patterson,
William/0000-0003-3387-708X
FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
[ANT-0739575]; US AMLR program
FX This research was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)
Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grant ANT-0739575 and the US AMLR
program. We thank A. Cossio, K. Dietrich, R. Driscoll, M. Goebel, C.
Hewes, V. Loeb, A. VanCise, J. Walsh and the AMLR physical and
biological oceanography and zooplankton teams for assistance with the
collection of oceanographic data and krill samples. J. Seminoff, K.
Durenberger, D. Besic, and J. Blum assisted with lipid extractions,
stable isotope, and statistical analyses. J. Hinke, M. Goebel and two
anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier version of
this manuscript.
NR 86
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 63
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 160
IS 6
BP 1311
EP 1323
DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2182-z
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 149ZN
UT WOS:000319360100002
ER
PT J
AU Santora, JA
AF Santora, Jarrod A.
TI Dynamic intra-seasonal habitat use by Antarctic fur seals suggests
migratory hotspots near the Antarctic Peninsula
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PETERS; KING GEORGE
ISLAND; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ELEPHANT ISLAND; SCOTIA SEA; FORAGING
BEHAVIOR; MACARONI PENGUINS; MARINE PREDATORS; PUP PRODUCTION
AB Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) are major secondary consumers in the Southern Ocean, placing them in potential competition with commercial fisheries and requiring research to understand their seasonal habitat use. Using the data obtained during 14 shipboard surveys sampled on a fixed grid (150 K km(2)) during mid- to late summer, I quantified the spatial distribution and intra-seasonal variability of fur seal sightings relative to distance to land and hydrographic boundaries. I test the hypothesis that fur seals display an increase in their at-sea abundance during mid- to late summer near the Antarctic Peninsula as they prepare to take up wintering grounds. I also test whether abundances of their potential prey, krill and myctophids, exhibit intra-seasonal variability. During midsummer, high-abundance areas are located near major breeding colonies; however, during late summer, there is an order-of-magnitude increase in fur seal abundance, coinciding with an increase in the number of high-abundance areas located in Bransfield Strait. Coincidently, abundance of Euphausia superba decreased and the myctophid Electrona antarctica increased between mid- and late-summer surveys. High-abundance areas of fur seals are not associated with the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front but are concentrated within 100 km from land, potentially indicating the location of haul out and important coastal habitat use areas. The dynamic increase in the number and location of high-abundance areas during late summer represents a considerable amount of mammalian predators entering the Antarctic Peninsula marine ecosystem. This information is important for understanding the seasonal impact of fur seals on regional marine food webs and their potential interaction with the autumn-winter krill fishery.
C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA.
RP Santora, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM jasantora@gmail.com
FU AMLR; NSF-OPP Grants [9983751, 0337648]
FX I greatly appreciate the effort and dedication of the many cruise
participants of the US Antarctic Marine Living Resource (AMLR) program.
Special thanks to Michael P. Force and Darci Lombard for their
assistance in surveying seabirds and marine mammals, and Michael Goebel
and Christian S. Reiss for valuable discussion. The feedback from three
anonymous reviewers and the editor greatly improved this paper. This
research was supported by AMLR contracts to J. A. Santora and NSF-OPP
Grants (9983751, 0337648) to R. R. Veit.
NR 67
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 160
IS 6
BP 1383
EP 1393
DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2190-z
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 149ZN
UT WOS:000319360100008
ER
PT J
AU Zabin, CJ
Danner, EM
Baumgartner, EP
Spafford, D
Miller, KA
Pearse, JS
AF Zabin, Chela J.
Danner, Eric M.
Baumgartner, Erin P.
Spafford, David
Miller, Kathy Ann
Pearse, John S.
TI A comparison of intertidal species richness and composition between
Central California and Oahu, Hawaii
SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Review
DE Climate change; range shifts; rocky shores; temporal comparisons;
tropical islands; tropical versus temperate
ID TROPICAL ROCKY SHORE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CITIZEN SCIENCE; COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; PHYSICAL STRESS;
TIME SCALES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS
AB The intertidal zone of tropical islands is particularly poorly known. In contrast, temperate locations such as California's Monterey Bay are fairly well studied. However, even in these locations, studies have tended to focus on a few species or locations. Here we present the results of the first broadscale surveys of invertebrate, fish and algal species richness from a tropical island, Oahu, Hawaii, and a temperate mainland coast, Central California. Data were gathered through surveys of 10 sites in the early 1970s and again in the mid-1990s in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties, California, and of nine sites in 20012005 on Oahu. Surveys were conducted in a similar manner allowing for a comparison between Oahu and Central California and, for California, a comparison between time periods 24years apart. We report a previously undocumented richness of intertidal species in both locations: 516 for Oahu and 801 for Central California. Surprisingly, when differences in search efforts are controlled, overall (alpha) diversity appears to be similar between locations, although site level (beta) diversity is much higher in California. Species richness in California generally increased along a wave exposure gradient and distance from an urban area. Much higher numbers of both invasive and endemic species were found on Oahu. In California, more invertebrate species were found in the 1990s, likely due to an improvement in taxonomic resources since the 1970s, and species composition was different in the two surveys due to the high incidence of rare species. Although some southern species increased in number between the two time periods and some northern species decreased, we detected little evidence of change favoring southern or northern species. These results are in line with recent findings that water temperatures in the Monterey Bay have been in a cooling trend since the 1980s, in contrast to many locations elsewhere in the world.
C1 [Zabin, Chela J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[Zabin, Chela J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Danner, Eric M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Baumgartner, Erin P.] Western Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Monmouth, OR USA.
[Spafford, David] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Manoa, HI USA.
[Miller, Kathy Ann] Univ Calif Berkeley, Univ Herbarium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Pearse, John S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Zabin, CJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
EM zabinc@si.edu
FU California Sea Grant [R/CA-8, R/CA-10]; NOAA [NA36RG0537]; California
Sea Grant through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S.
Department of Commerce [R/CZ-132]; California Natural Resources Agency
[OCA61588]; National Science Foundation [0232016]
FX The Central California surveys in the 1970s were supported by California
Sea Grant #R/CA-8 and R/CA-10 to W. T. Doyle, and those in the 1990s by
NOAA Grant #NA36RG0537, California Sea Grant Project #R/CZ-132 to J. S.
Pearse through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, U.S.
Department of Commerce; and was supported in part by OCA61588 (e.g. the
California Natural Resources Agency). The Oahu surveys were supported by
the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship in K-12 Teaching
program (NSF Training Grants 0232016). The statements, findings,
conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the aforementioned organizations.
NR 136
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 57
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0173-9565
J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP
JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 34
IS 2
BP 131
EP 156
DI 10.1111/maec.12007
PG 26
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 150VV
UT WOS:000319420400001
ER
PT J
AU La Mesa, M
Catalano, B
Koubbi, P
Jones, CD
AF La Mesa, Mario
Catalano, Barbara
Koubbi, Philippe
Jones, Christopher D.
TI Early ontogeny of the mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, in the
southern Scotia Arc
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Age and growth; Yolk-sac larvae; Channichthyid; Bransfield strait;
Southern Ocean
ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; AGE-DETERMINATIONS; ANTARCTIC FISH; GEORGIA; LARVAL;
GROWTH; PERSPECTIVE; VALIDATION; STRATEGIES; ISLANDS
AB During the early ontogeny of fishes, the timing and duration of key events such as larval hatching and the switch from endogenous to exogenous feeding largely determine the offspring viability and survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the life history traits of the early larvae of the mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, collected in summer south of the South Shetland Islands in the Bransfield Strait and north of Elephant Island. Through the analysis of sagittal otolith microstructure, we assessed the timing and duration of egg incubation, larval hatching, first exogenous feeding, rate of yolk resorption and body growth rate. Compared to populations living further north (i.e. around South Georgia and Kerguelen Islands), mackerel icefish in the southern Scotia Arc exhibits longer egg incubation (lasting 90-120 days from winter to summer) and delayed hatching time spread over a relatively short period lasting 26 days between January and February. The first exogenous feeding takes place between 13 and 24 days after hatching still in the presence of the yolk-sac, indicating a prolonged mixed feeding afterward. The specific growth rate or daily percentage change in size (G) was 1.9 % SL day(-1), corresponding to a daily growth rate at mean size of 0.31 mm day(-1). While showing significant differences in early life history traits across their geographical distribution, C. gunnari populations share a common strategy, spawning a small number of large eggs that hatch in relatively large-sized larvae, at a time which may be independent of the timing of pack-ice retreat and onset of the production cycle.
C1 [La Mesa, Mario] Ist Sci Marine, ISMAR CNR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy.
[Catalano, Barbara] Ist Super Protez & Ric Ambientale, ISPRA, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
[Koubbi, Philippe] Univ Paris 06, Stn Zool, CNRS UMR 7093, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.
[Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP La Mesa, M (reprint author), Ist Sci Marine, ISMAR CNR, I-60125 Ancona, Italy.
EM m.lamesa@ismar.cnr.it
RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014
OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486
FU PNRA (Italian National Antarctic Research Program)
FX We thank the U.S. AMLR scientific staff, and the crew members and
personnel aboard the R/V Moana Wave for their support in sampling
activities. This study was supported by the PNRA (Italian National
Antarctic Research Program). We are very grateful to three anonymous
referees for their helpful comments.
NR 45
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 36
IS 6
BP 797
EP 805
DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1304-x
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 141JX
UT WOS:000318722600004
ER
PT J
AU Rand, KM
Whitehouse, A
Logerwell, EA
Ahgeak, E
Hibpshman, R
Parker-Stetter, S
AF Rand, Kimberly M.
Whitehouse, Andy
Logerwell, Elizabeth A.
Ahgeak, Ernestine
Hibpshman, Richard
Parker-Stetter, Sandra
TI The diets of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from August 2008 in the US
Beaufort Sea
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Beaufort Sea; Polar cod diet; Boreogadus saida
ID TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; COASTAL WATERS; ARCTIC CANADA; ALASKA; ICE; FISH;
ARCHIPELAGO; ECOSYSTEM; SEABIRDS; LEPECHIN
AB Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) play an integral part in the Arctic ecosystems linking the upper and lower trophic levels. Though their estimated biomass is considerable, recent knowledge of their diets in the US Beaufort Sea is sparse. Collections of polar cod from the US Beaufort Sea were made during August 2008 using demersal and pelagic trawls. Polar cod diet composition was quantified as percent prey weight, percent prey count, and frequency of occurrence of prey. The diet composition between the demersal- and pelagic-captured cod showed differences in all these categories. Polar cod captured in the demersal nets primarily fed on fish (by weight), and pelagic cod primarily fed on copepods (frequency of occurrence) and euphausiids (by weight). In general, these dominant preys are different than what has been reported in other studies describing polar cod diets.
C1 [Rand, Kimberly M.; Logerwell, Elizabeth A.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Whitehouse, Andy] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98108 USA.
[Ahgeak, Ernestine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Hibpshman, Richard; Parker-Stetter, Sandra] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Rand, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov
OI Whitehouse, George/0000-0002-9130-9403
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
EI 1432-2056
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 36
IS 6
BP 907
EP 912
DI 10.1007/s00300-013-1303-y
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 141JX
UT WOS:000318722600014
ER
PT J
AU Shelton, AO
Satterthwaite, WH
Beakes, MP
Munch, SB
Sogard, SM
Mangel, M
AF Shelton, Andrew O.
Satterthwaite, William H.
Beakes, Michael P.
Munch, Stephan B.
Sogard, Susan M.
Mangel, Marc
TI Separating Intrinsic and Environmental Contributions to Growth and Their
Population Consequences
SO AMERICAN NATURALIST
LA English
DT Article
DE individual heterogeneity; von Bertalanffy; bioenergetics; Bayesian state
space; Oncorhynchus mykiss
ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; COHO SALMON;
COMPENSATORY GROWTH; ATLANTIC SALMON; METABOLIC-RATE; DEMOGRAPHIC
STOCHASTICITY; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; JUVENILE STEELHEAD; COASTAL
STREAMS
AB Among-individual heterogeneity in growth is a commonly observed phenomenon that has clear consequences for population and community dynamics yet has proved difficult to quantify in practice. In particular, observed among-individual variation in growth can be difficult to link to any given mechanism. Here, we develop a Bayesian state-space framework for modeling growth that bridges the complexity of bioenergetic models and the statistical simplicity of phenomenological growth models. The model allows for intrinsic individual variation in traits, a shared environment, process stochasticity, and measurement error. We apply the model to two populations of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown under common but temporally varying food conditions. Models allowing for individual variation match available data better than models that assume a single shared trait for all individuals. Estimated individual variation translated into a roughly twofold range in realized growth rates within populations. Comparisons between populations showed strong differences in trait means, trait variability, and responses to a shared environment. Together, individual- and population-level variation have substantial implications for variation in size and growth rates among and within populations. State-dependent life-history models predict that this variation can lead to differences in individual life-history expression, lifetime reproductive output, and population life-history diversity.
C1 [Shelton, Andrew O.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Shelton, Andrew O.; Satterthwaite, William H.; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Satterthwaite, William H.; Munch, Stephan B.; Sogard, Susan M.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Beakes, Michael P.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Oceans Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov
FU Center for Stock Assessment Research; University of California, Santa
Cruz; National Science Foundation [EF-0924195]
FX This work was supported by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a
partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Santa Cruz,
California, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and by
National Science Foundation grant EF-0924195 to M.M. We thank S.
Vincenzi, A. Winship, P. Zuidema, and an anonymous reviewer for comments
on the manuscript.
NR 78
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 8
U2 65
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0003-0147
J9 AM NAT
JI Am. Nat.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 181
IS 6
BP 799
EP 814
DI 10.1086/670198
PG 16
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 145EF
UT WOS:000318996500009
PM 23669542
ER
PT J
AU Dutton, PH
Roden, SE
Stewart, KR
LaCasella, E
Tiwari, M
Formia, A
Thome, JC
Livingstone, SR
Eckert, S
Chacon-Chaverri, D
Rivalan, P
Allman, P
AF Dutton, Peter H.
Roden, Suzanne E.
Stewart, Kelly R.
LaCasella, Erin
Tiwari, Manjula
Formia, Angela
Thome, Joao Carlos
Livingstone, Suzanne R.
Eckert, Scott
Chacon-Chaverri, Didiher
Rivalan, Philippe
Allman, Phil
TI Population stock structure of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)
in the Atlantic revealed using mtDNA and microsatellite markers
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sea turtle; Dermochelys coriacea; Conservation genetics; Mitochondrial
DNA; Demographically independent populations; Management; Recovery plan;
Microsatellites
ID DETECTING GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA;
CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; STATISTICAL POWER;
SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; CARETTA-CARETTA; COSTA-RICA; F-ST
AB This study presents a comprehensive genetic analysis of stock structure for leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), combining 17 microsatellite loci and 763 bp of the mtDNA control region. Recently discovered eastern Atlantic nesting populations of this critically endangered species were absent in a previous survey that found little ocean-wide mtDNA variation. We added rookeries in West Africa and Brazil and generated longer sequences for previously analyzed samples. A total of 1,417 individuals were sampled from nine nesting sites in the Atlantic and SW Indian Ocean. We detected additional mtDNA variation with the longer sequences, identifying ten polymorphic sites that resolved a total of ten haplotypes, including three new variants of haplotypes previously described by shorter sequences. Population differentiation was substantial between all but two adjacent rookery pairs, and F (ST) values ranged from 0.034 to 0.676 and 0.004 to 0.205 for mtDNA and microsatellite data respectively, suggesting that male-mediated gene flow is not as widespread as previously assumed. We detected weak (F (ST) = 0.008 and 0.006) but significant differentiation with microsatellites between the two population pairs that were indistinguishable with mtDNA data. POWSIM analysis showed that our mtDNA marker had very low statistical power to detect weak structure (F (ST) < 0.005), while our microsatellite marker array had high power. We conclude that the weak differentiation detected with microsatellites reflects a fine scale level of demographic independence that warrants recognition, and that all nine of the nesting colonies should be considered as demographically independent populations for conservation. Our findings illustrate the importance of evaluating the power of specific genetic markers to detect structure in order to correctly identify the appropriate population units to conserve.
C1 [Dutton, Peter H.; Roden, Suzanne E.; Stewart, Kelly R.; LaCasella, Erin; Tiwari, Manjula] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Formia, Angela] Univ Florence, Dept Anim Biol & Genet, Mol Ecol Res Grp, I-50125 Florence, Italy.
[Formia, Angela] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Conservat Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[Thome, Joao Carlos] Ctr Tamar DIBIO, Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, BR-29040715 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
[Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Eckert, Scott] Principia Coll, Biol & Nat Resources Dept, Elsah, IL 62028 USA.
[Chacon-Chaverri, Didiher] WIDECAST Costa Rica, San Jose 4961100, Costa Rica.
[Rivalan, Philippe] Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, F-91405 Orsay, France.
[Allman, Phil] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Biol Studies, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA.
RP Dutton, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM peter.dutton@noaa.gov; aformia@seaturtle.org; joao.thome@icmbio.gov.br;
suzanne.r.livingstone@gmail.com; scott.eckert@principia.edu;
Dchacon@widecast.org; privalan@gmail.com; pallman@fgcu.edu
FU NMFS; Duke Marine Laboratory; Florida Turtle License Plate Fund;
Loggerhead Marinelife Center; MacArthur Beach State Park; National Save
the Sea Turtle Foundation; PADI Aware; Oak Foundation; Darwin
Initiative; University of Glasgow; Sigma Xi; Earthwatch; US Fish and
Wildlife Service
FX Samples used in this study are archived in the US National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) Marine Turtle Molecular Research Sample
Collection at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and were collected
under the respective national authorizations and CITES permit conditions
and imported under CITES permit 844694/9. We thank all of the members of
the SWFSC Marine Turtle Research Program for their support, including
Robin LeRoux, Amy Frey, Vicki Pease, Amy Lanci, Gabriela Serra-Valente
and Amanda Bowman, who assisted with laboratory analysis. Special thanks
to Eric Archer for help with statistical analysis. For providing samples
we thank US Fish and Wildlife Service, Sandy Point National Wildlife
Refuge, US Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources,
Natal Parks Board, Costa Rica Conservation Areas System (SINAC), ANAI,
CONAGEBIO, Nature Seekers, the PAWI Club, WIDECAST, Proyecto
Tamar/ICMBio, Cecilia Baptistotte, Antonio Almeida, Niki Desjardin,
Chris Johnson, Marc Girondot, Jeremy Smith, Shana Phelan, Kelly Martin,
Sandy Fournies, Jesse Marsh, George Hughes, Andrews Agyekumhene, Karyn
Allman and Jeanne and Steve Garner. We are grateful to Bill Perrin,
Michael Jensen, Brian Bowen and an anonymous reviewer for helpful
comments on the manuscript. Research was funded by the NMFS. Fieldwork
funded in part by Duke Marine Laboratory, Florida Turtle License Plate
Fund, Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Andrea Simler, MacArthur Beach State
Park, National Save the Sea Turtle Foundation, PADI Aware, Oak
Foundation, the Darwin Initiative, University of Glasgow, Sigma Xi,
Earthwatch, US Fish and Wildlife Service.
NR 72
TC 26
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 127
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
EI 1572-9737
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 14
IS 3
BP 625
EP 636
DI 10.1007/s10592-013-0456-0
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 143UN
UT WOS:000318893800006
ER
PT J
AU Liew, LA
Read, DT
Barbosa, N
AF Liew, Li-Anne
Read, D. T.
Barbosa, N., III
TI MEMS-based Universal Fatigue-Test Technique
SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fatigue; Crack; Micro-electro-mechanical systems; Comb drive actuator;
Materials reliability
ID THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FUSION MATERIALS; COMB-DRIVE;
SILICON; ACTUATORS
AB We have developed a MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems)-based method for fatigue testing of micrometer- millimeter-sized specimens of any material (hence 'universal'). The miniature, re-usable, stand-alone fatigue test frame is fabricated as a single MEMS chip. Specimens of any material can be manually mounted in the chip and fatigue-tested. We describe the design and construction of the MEMS device and specimens, the test protocol and data analysis procedure, and show stress versus number of cycles to failure (S-N) results for 25 mu m thick Al 1145 H19 foil. The S-N results are in accord with expectations, and examination of the fracture surface by scanning electron microscopy shows distinct regions corresponding to slow and fast crack growth.
C1 [Liew, Li-Anne; Read, D. T.; Barbosa, N., III] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Liew, Li-Anne] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Liew, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM liew@boulder.nist.gov
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0014-4851
J9 EXP MECH
JI Exp. Mech.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 53
IS 5
BP 783
EP 794
DI 10.1007/s11340-012-9666-5
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science,
Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 141MT
UT WOS:000318730000007
ER
PT J
AU Croce, MP
Koehler, KE
Kunde, GJ
Rabin, MW
Bond, EM
Moody, WA
Schmidt, DR
Vale, LR
Horansky, RD
Kotsubo, V
Ullom, JN
AF Croce, M. P.
Koehler, K. E.
Kunde, G. J.
Rabin, M. W.
Bond, E. M.
Moody, W. A.
Schmidt, D. R.
Vale, L. R.
Horansky, R. D.
Kotsubo, V.
Ullom, J. N.
TI Eight-Channel TES Microcalorimeter System for Detector and Source
Development
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alpha particle spectrometry; microcalorimeter; nuclear forensics;
superconducting transition-edge sensor
ID ALPHA; SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION
AB Nuclear forensics and environmental monitoring require rapid isotopic analysis of trace samples that contain multiple radioisotopes with closely spaced alpha particle energies. Conventional measurement of such a sample typically requires expensive and time-consuming radiochemical separations, measurement of multiple subsamples by silicon alpha spectrometry, and destructive analysis by mass spectrometry. The superior energy resolution of microcalorimeter detectors allows isotopic analysis with a single nonconsumptive alpha spectrometry measurement. In order to bring microcalorimeter alpha detector technology towards the goal of a practical analytical instrument, we have developed an eight-channel transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter system to enable rapid detector and source development. This system is now fully functional, and has enabled the identification of instabilities in our alpha detector response that resulted in degraded performance. A redesigned set of detectors has been fabricated and tested, and has shown significantly improved response. With the improved detectors, we have been able to consistently achieve energy resolution of less than 1 keV full width at half maximum at 5.3 MeV. We have prepared electroplated sources that contain 239-Pu and 240-Pu, demonstrated the ability to resolve their similar to 5.1 MeV alpha energy peaks with 0.74 keV FWHM resolution, and shown that the 240/239-Pu isotopic ratios obtained from our microcalorimeter spectra are in statistical agreement with mass spectrometry results.
C1 [Croce, M. P.; Koehler, K. E.; Kunde, G. J.; Rabin, M. W.; Bond, E. M.; Moody, W. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Schmidt, D. R.; Vale, L. R.; Horansky, R. D.; Kotsubo, V.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Croce, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM mpcroce@lanl.gov
OI Koehler, Katrina/0000-0003-3258-8526; Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 1602605
DI 10.1109/TASC.2013.2239692
PN 1
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 143KT
UT WOS:000318867100031
ER
PT J
AU Horansky, RD
Koehler, KE
Croce, MP
Kunde, GJ
Rabin, MW
Zink, BL
Ullom, JN
AF Horansky, Robert D.
Koehler, Katrina E.
Croce, Mark P.
Kunde, Gerd J.
Rabin, Michael W.
Zink, Barry L.
Ullom, Joel N.
TI Lattice Damage in Superconducting Microcalorimeter Detectors
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Lattice defects; microcalorimeter; Q spectroscopy; transition-edge
sensor
ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; DEFECT; BEAM
AB There is currently significant interest in using superconducting detectors for measurement of ion kinetic energies. Unprecedented resolution is possible with an order of magnitude improvement over semiconductors. Superconducting detectors are now able to probe the resolution limitations imposed by structural defects caused by incoming ions. Here we will calculate the expected resolution limits due to ion damage, as well as use the Monte Carlo simulation SRIM to compare results. Finally, comparison to on-going experiments will be made when possible.
C1 [Horansky, Robert D.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Horansky, Robert D.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Koehler, Katrina E.; Croce, Mark P.; Kunde, Gerd J.; Rabin, Michael W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Zink, Barry L.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
EM horansky@nist.gov
OI Koehler, Katrina/0000-0003-3258-8526
FU DIA NCMR via NPS [N00244-12-1-0064]
FX The work of R. D. Horansky was supported by DIA NCMR via NPS (Award
N00244-12-1-0064).
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 2101104
DI 10.1109/TASC.2013.2237938
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 143KT
UT WOS:000318867100049
ER
PT J
AU Hubmayr, J
Beall, J
Becker, D
Cho, HM
Dober, B
Devlin, M
Fox, AM
Gao, J
Hilton, GC
Irwin, KD
Li, D
Niemack, MD
Pappas, DP
Vale, L
Vissers, M
AF Hubmayr, J.
Beall, J.
Becker, D.
Cho, H. -M.
Dober, B.
Devlin, M.
Fox, A. M.
Gao, J.
Hilton, G. C.
Irwin, K. D.
Li, D.
Niemack, M. D.
Pappas, D. P.
Vale, L.
Vissers, M.
TI Dual-Polarization Sensitive MKIDs for Far Infrared Astrophysics
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE FIR; MKID; polarimetry; sub-mm; TiN
ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS
AB We present the design for arrays of dual-polarization sensitive, superconducting sensors for far infrared astrophysics. Each pixel is feedhorn-coupled and consists of orthogonal, lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) both fabricated in the same deposition layer. Each LEKID pair contains an absorptive "one-turn" inductor and a large interdigitated capacitor (IDC) made of stoichiometric titanium nitride (TiN) with T-c similar to 4.5 K. Crossovers between the two inductors are bridged with short sections of niobium. This design enables dual-polarization sensitivity at frequencies above the superconducting gap of niobium (> 700 GHz). Simulations of the optical coupling show 83% co-polar and <= 0.3% cross-polar coupling averaged over a 400 GHz band centered on 1.2 THz. The intrapixel resonator cross-talk is < 0.01%. Arrays of dual-polarization sensitive LEKIDs (or POLEKIDs) will be deployed on the balloon-borne instrument super-BLASTPol.
C1 [Hubmayr, J.; Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. -M.; Devlin, M.; Fox, A. M.; Gao, J.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Niemack, M. D.; Pappas, D. P.; Vale, L.; Vissers, M.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dober, B.; Devlin, M.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Hubmayr, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 21
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 2400304
DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2233857
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 143KT
UT WOS:000318867100068
ER
PT J
AU Li, D
Gao, J
Austermann, JE
Beall, JA
Becker, D
Cho, HM
Fox, AE
Halverson, N
Henning, J
Hilton, GC
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, KD
Van Lanen, J
Nibarger, J
Niemack, M
AF Li, Dale
Gao, J.
Austermann, J. E.
Beall, J. A.
Becker, D.
Cho, H. -M.
Fox, A. E.
Halverson, N.
Henning, J.
Hilton, G. C.
Hubmayr, J.
Irwin, K. D.
Van Lanen, J.
Nibarger, J.
Niemack, M.
TI Improvements in Silicon Oxide Dielectric Loss for Superconducting
Microwave Detector Circuits
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Dielectric; efficiency; loss-tangent; microwave resonators;
plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD); silicon oxide
AB Dielectric loss in low-temperature superconducting integrated circuits can cause lower overall efficiency, particularly in the 90 to 220 GHz regime. We present a method to tune the dielectric loss for silicon oxide deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition at ambient temperatures. Deposition in an environment with a higher silane-to-oxygen ratio produces silicon oxide films with a lower loss-tangent and a slightly higher optical index of refraction, while contributing no appreciable change in film stress. We measured the dielectric loss by fabricating a series of Nb-SiOx-Nb microstrip resonators in the frequency range of 6 to 9 GHz and comparing their temperature dependence to a model of parasitic two-level-system fluctuators. The dielectric loss-tangent of silicon oxide was improved from 6 x 10(-3) for stoichiometric silicon dioxide to 2 x 10(-3) for a more silicon-rich silicon oxide. We present details of the fabrication process and measurements of microstrip resonators.
C1 [Li, Dale; Gao, J.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. -M.; Fox, A. E.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Van Lanen, J.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N.; Henning, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Li, D (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dale.li@boulder.nist.gov
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 14
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 1501204
DI 10.1109/TASC.2013.2242951
PN 1
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 143KT
UT WOS:000318867100017
ER
PT J
AU Yefremenko, V
Ade, P
Aird, K
Austermann, J
Beall, J
Becker, D
Benson, B
Bleem, L
Britton, J
Chang, CL
Carlstrom, J
Cho, H
de Haan, T
Crawford, T
Crites, A
Datesman, A
Dobbs, M
Everett, W
Ewall-Wice, A
George, E
Halverson, N
Harrington, N
Henning, J
Hilton, G
Holzapfel, W
Hoover, S
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, K
Keisler, R
Kennedy, J
Lee, A
Leitch, E
Li, D
Lueker, M
Marrone, DP
McMahon, J
Mehl, J
Meyer, S
Montgomery, J
Montroy, T
Natoli, T
Nibarger, J
Niemack, M
Novosad, V
Padin, S
Pryke, C
Reichardt, C
Ruhl, J
Saliwanchik, B
Sayre, J
Schafer, K
Shirokoff, E
Story, K
Vanderlinde, K
Vieira, J
Wang, G
Williamson, R
Yoon, KW
Young, E
AF Yefremenko, V.
Ade, P.
Aird, K.
Austermann, J.
Beall, J.
Becker, D.
Benson, B.
Bleem, L.
Britton, J.
Chang, C. L.
Carlstrom, J.
Cho, H.
de Haan, T.
Crawford, T.
Crites, A.
Datesman, A.
Dobbs, M.
Everett, W.
Ewall-Wice, A.
George, E.
Halverson, N.
Harrington, N.
Henning, J.
Hilton, G.
Holzapfel, W.
Hoover, S.
Hubmayr, J.
Irwin, K.
Keisler, R.
Kennedy, J.
Lee, A.
Leitch, E.
Li, D.
Lueker, M.
Marrone, D. P.
McMahon, J.
Mehl, J.
Meyer, S.
Montgomery, J.
Montroy, T.
Natoli, T.
Nibarger, J.
Niemack, M.
Novosad, V.
Padin, S.
Pryke, C.
Reichardt, C.
Ruhl, J.
Saliwanchik, B.
Sayre, J.
Schafer, K.
Shirokoff, E.
Story, K.
Vanderlinde, K.
Vieira, J.
Wang, G.
Williamson, R.
Yoon, K. W.
Young, E.
TI Design and Fabrication of 90 GHz TES Polarimeter Detectors for the South
Pole Telescope
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE CMB polarimetry; low temperature detectors; PACS: 07.57.Kp;
superconducting bolometer; transition edge sensor
ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; BILAYERS
AB We present information about the design and fabrication of 90 GHz Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors deployed in the SPTpol camera for investigation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization signal. The 90 GHz portion of the camera consists of 180 individual feedhorn modules with dual polarization-sensitive detectors. We discuss microfabrication details and the characterization of detector elements. Each detector incorporates a dipole-like Pd-Au absorber and Mo/Au TES thermometer, suspended together on a rectangular silicon nitride (SiN) membrane via 6 long (640 mu m) and narrow (10 mu m) legs. The geometry of the SiN legs was optimized to provide the target thermal conductance of 200 pW/K in combination with mechanical robustness and reliability. The proximity effect in superconductor (Mo) and normal metal (Au) bilayers was utilized to obtain a TES operating temperature between 520 and 540 mK. Excellent superconducting properties (transition width < 1 mK) and T-c uniformity (< 3 mK) across 2 '' wafers were achieved by sputtering in a confocal system under a single vacuum using an independent RF bias applied to the substrate. Superconducting Nb dots patterned on the TES surface provided controllable broadening of the transition width. We report the results of transition measurements, along with characterization of film morphology.
C1 [Yefremenko, V.; Wang, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.
[Aird, K.; Benson, B.; Bleem, L.; Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J.; Crawford, T.; Crites, A.; Everett, W.; Ewall-Wice, A.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Austermann, J.; Halverson, N.; Henning, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada.
[Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[George, E.; Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Reichardt, C.; Young, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Montroy, T.; Ruhl, J.; Saliwanchik, B.; Sayre, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Schafer, K.] Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA.
[Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA.
RP Yefremenko, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM yefremenko@anl.gov
RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel,
William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015;
OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347;
Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt,
Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169
FU Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation
(NSF) [ANT-0638937]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-1125897]; Kavli
Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX The work at Argonne National Laboratory, including the use of facility
at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, was supported by the Office of
Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of
Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work at the University of
Chicago was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under
Grant ANT-0638937 and the NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant PHY-1125897.
It also receives generous support from the Kavli Foundation and the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 35
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 3
AR 2100605
DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2235892
PN 1
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 143KT
UT WOS:000318867100044
ER
PT J
AU Montenegro, JA
Fischer, MJ
Lopez, J
Peralta, R
AF Montenegro, Jose A.
Fischer, Michael J.
Lopez, Javier
Peralta, Rene
TI Secure sealed-bid online auctions using discreet cryptographic proofs
SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Discreet proofs; Multiparty computation; Online auctions; Zero-knowledge
protocols; Proof certificates
AB This work describes the design and implementation of an auction system using secure multiparty computation techniques. Our aim is to produce a system that is practical under actual field constraints on computation, memory, and communication. The underlying protocol is privacy-preserving, that is, the winning bid is determined without information about the losing bids leaking to either the auctioneer or other bidders. Practical implementation of the protocol is feasible using circuit-based cryptographic proofs along with additively homomorphic bit commitment. Moreover, we propose the development of a Proof Certificate standard. These certificates convey sufficient information to recreate the cryptographic proofs and verify them offline. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Montenegro, Jose A.; Lopez, Javier] Univ Malaga, ETSI Informat Malaga, Dpto Lenguajes & Ciencias Comp, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.
[Fischer, Michael J.] Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Peralta, Rene] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Montenegro, JA (reprint author), Univ Malaga, ETSI Informat Malaga, Dpto Lenguajes & Ciencias Comp, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.
EM monte@lcc.uma.es; michael.fischer@yale.edu; jlm@lcc.uma.es;
peralta@nist.gov
RI Lopez, Javier/L-1459-2014; Montenegro, Jose Antonio/L-2028-2014
OI Lopez, Javier/0000-0001-8066-9991; Montenegro, Jose
Antonio/0000-0001-6967-0801
FU National Science Foundation [CCR-0081823]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Grant CCR-0081823.
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0895-7177
J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL
JI Math. Comput. Model.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 57
IS 11-12
BP 2583
EP 2595
DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2011.07.027
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science,
Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA 144BY
UT WOS:000318915800002
ER
PT J
AU Hood, RR
Shao, CR
Omiatek, DM
Vreeland, WN
DeVoe, DL
AF Hood, Renee R.
Shao, Chenren
Omiatek, Donna M.
Vreeland, Wyatt N.
DeVoe, Don L.
TI Microfluidic Synthesis of PEG- and Folate-Conjugated Liposomes for
One-Step Formation of Targeted Stealth Nanocarriers
SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE microchannels; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; vesicles
ID DRUG-DELIVERY; CIRCULATION TIME; CANCER-THERAPY; NANOPARTICLES; SIZE;
CARRIERS
AB A microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing technique enabling the formation of small and nearly monodisperse liposomes is investigated for continuous-flow synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified and PEG-folate-functionalized liposomes for targeted drug delivery.
Controlled laminar flow in thermoplastic microfluidic devices facilitated liposome self-assembly from initial lipid compositions including lipid/cholesterol mixtures containing PEG-lipid and folate-PEG-lipid conjugates. Relationships among flow conditions, lipid composition, and liposome size were evaluated; their impact on PEG and folate incorporation were determined through a combination of UV-vis absorbance measurements and characterization of liposome zeta potential.
PEG and folate were successfully incorporated into microfluidic-synthesized liposomes over the full range of liposome sizes studied. Efficiency of PEG-lipid incorporation was inversely correlated with liposome diameter. Folate-lipid was effectively integrated into liposomes at various flow conditions.
Liposomes incorporating relatively large PEG-modified and folate-PEG-modified lipids were successfully synthesized using the microfluidic flow focusing platform, providing a simple, low cost, rapid method for preparing functionalized liposomes. Relationships between preparation conditions and PEG or folate-PEG functionalization have been elucidated, providing insight into the process and defining paths for optimization of the microfluidic method toward the formation of functionalized liposomes for pharmaceutical applications.
C1 [Hood, Renee R.; DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shao, Chenren; DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hood, Renee R.; Omiatek, Donna M.; Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP DeVoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 3139 Glenn L Martin Hall,Bldg 088, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM ddev@umd.edu
RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011
OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993
FU NIH [R21EB011750, R21EB009485]; NSF [CBET0966407]; NIST-ARRA; NRC
FX Cryo-TEM imaging was performed at the Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy,
and Properties (NISP) Laboratory of the Maryland NanoCenter at the
University of Maryland, College Park. This research was supported by NIH
grants R21EB011750 and R21EB009485, NSF grant CBET0966407, NIST-ARRA
Fellowship Program administered by the University of Maryland, and the
NRC Research Associateship Program.
NR 33
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 76
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0724-8741
J9 PHARM RES-DORDR
JI Pharm. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1597
EP 1607
DI 10.1007/s11095-013-0998-3
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 142KF
UT WOS:000318795400013
PM 23386106
ER
PT J
AU Chen, B
Stein, AF
Maldonado, PG
de la Campa, AMS
Gonzalez-Castanedo, Y
Castell, N
de la Rosa, JD
AF Chen, Bing
Stein, Ariel F.
Guerrero Maldonado, Pabla
Sanchez de la Campa, Ana M.
Gonzalez-Castanedo, Yolanda
Castell, Nuria
de la Rosa, Jesus D.
TI Size distribution and concentrations of heavy metals in atmospheric
aerosols originating from industrial emissions as predicted by the
HYSPLIT model
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Metal pollution; Size distribution; Industrial emissions; HYSPLIT; MM5
and GDAS
ID PARTICULATE MATTER; TRACE-METALS; SOUTHERN SPAIN; HUMAN HEALTH;
POLLUTION; PM10; DISPERSION; PM2.5; MECHANISMS; DEPOSITION
AB This study presents a description of the emission, transport, dispersion, and deposition of heavy metals contained in atmospheric aerosols emitted from a large industrial complex in southern Spain using the HYSPLIT model coupled with high- (MM5) and low-resolution (GDAS) meteorological simulations. The dispersion model was configured to simulate eight size fractions (<0.33, 0.66, 1.3, 2.5, 5, 14, 17, and >17 mu m) of metals based on direct measurements taken at the industrial emission stacks. Twelve stacks in four plants were studied and the stacks showed considerable differences for both emission fluxes and size ranges of metals. We model the dispersion of six major metals; Cr, Co, Ni, La, Zn, and Mo, which represent 77% of the total mass of the 43 measured elements. The prediction shows that the modeled industrial emissions produce an enrichment of heavy metals by a factor of 2-5 for local receptor sites when compared to urban and rural background areas in Spain. The HYSPLIT predictions based on the meteorological fields from MM5 show reasonable consistence with the temporal evolution of concentrations of Cr, Co, and Ni observed at three sites downwind of the industrial area. The magnitude of concentrations of metals at two receptors was underestimated for both MM5 (by a factor of 2-3) and GDAS (by a factor of 4-5) meteorological runs. The model prediction shows that heavy metal pollution from industrial emissions in this area is dominated by the ultra-fine (<0.66 mu m) and fine (<2.5 mu m) size fractions. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Bing; Guerrero Maldonado, Pabla; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana M.; Gonzalez-Castanedo, Yolanda; de la Rosa, Jesus D.] Univ Huelva, CSIC Univ Huelva Atmospher Pollut, Associate Unit, Ctr Res Sustainable Chem CIQSO, E-21071 Huelva, Spain.
[Stein, Ariel F.] NOAA, ERT, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Castell, Nuria] Inst Univ CEAM UMH, E-46980 Valencia, Spain.
RP Stein, AF (reprint author), NOAA, ERT, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM chenbing8976@gmail.com; ariel.stein@noaa.gov
RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/L-4456-2014;
Gonzalez Castanedo, Yolanda/L-5078-2014; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; de
la Rosa, Jesus Damian/C-9385-2011
OI Sanchez de la Campa, Ana Maria/0000-0003-1917-0280; Gonzalez Castanedo,
Yolanda/0000-0002-1005-4892; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; de la
Rosa, Jesus Damian/0000-0001-6644-8754
FU Department of the Environment of the Autonomous Government of Andalusia;
Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise of the Autonomous
Government of Andalusia [RNM2007-02729, RNM2007-03125]; Spanish Ministry
of Science and Innovation [GRACCIE-CSD2007-0067, CGL2011-28025]; NSFC
[40905065]
FX This research was financially supported by the Department of the
Environment and the Department of Innovation, Science and Enterprise
(projects RNM2007-02729 and RNM2007-03125) of the Autonomous Government
of Andalusia, Projects GRACCIE-CSD2007-0067 and CGL2011-28025 of the
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and NSFC (40905065). The
authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. NCEP
reanalysis data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder,
Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/.
Roland R. Draxler is acknowledged for suggestions and discussion of this
research.
NR 47
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 5
U2 86
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 71
BP 234
EP 244
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.013
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 136SY
UT WOS:000318384900027
ER
PT J
AU Chittaro, PM
Hogan, JD
AF Chittaro, P. M.
Hogan, J. D.
TI Patterns of connectivity among populations of a coral reef fish
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dispersal; Self-recruitment; Marine protected area
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; DAMSELFISH STEGASTES-PARTITUS;
INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; OTOLITH CHEMISTRY;
ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; LARVAL RETENTION; FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT
AB Knowledge of the patterns and scale of connectivity among populations is essential for the effective management of species, but our understanding is still poor for marine species. We used otolith microchemistry of newly settled bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) in the Mesoamerican Reef System (MRS), Western Caribbean, to investigate patterns of connectivity among populations over 2 years. First, we assessed spatial and temporal variability in trace elemental concentrations from the otolith edge to make a 'chemical map' of potential source reef(s) in the region. Significant otolith chemical differences were detected at three spatial scales (within-atoll, between-atolls, and region-wide), such that individuals were classified to locations with moderate (52 % jackknife classification) to high (99 %) accuracy. Most sites at Turneffe Atoll, Belize showed significant temporal variability in otolith concentrations on the scale of 1-2 months. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we estimated the natal source of larvae recruiting to reefs across the MRS by comparing 'natal' chemical signatures from the otolith of recruits to the 'chemical map' of potential source reef(s). Our results indicated that populations at both Turneffe Atoll and Banco Chinchorro supply a substantial amount of individuals to their own reefs (i.e., self-recruitment) and thus emphasize that marine conservation and management in the MRS region would benefit from localized management efforts as well as international cooperation.
C1 [Chittaro, P. M.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Hogan, J. D.] Texas A&M Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA.
RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM paul.chittaro@noaa.gov
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [227965]; Ontario
Graduate Scholarship; Ontario Graduate Scholarship for Science and
Technology
FX We thank P. Sale, J. Samhouri, N. Tolimieri, R. Zabel, and three
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Special thanks to
P. Usseglio, C. Mora, C. Nolan, J. P. Kritzer, B. Fryer, J. Gagnon, T.
Rodriguez, E. Garcia, and the staff at University of Belize, Institute
of Marine Studies, Calabash, for field collections and logistical
support. This study was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council Collaborative Research Opportunity
(Grant # 227965) awarded to P. Sale, an Ontario Graduate Scholarship
awarded to P. Chittaro, and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship for Science
and Technology awarded to J. D. Hogan.
NR 91
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 80
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
EI 1432-0975
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 32
IS 2
BP 341
EP 354
DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0990-0
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 139FR
UT WOS:000318567900003
ER
PT J
AU Fell, H
Haynie, AC
AF Fell, Harrison
Haynie, Alan C.
TI SPATIAL COMPETITION WITH CHANGING MARKET INSTITUTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNIT-ROOT TESTS; ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES; PANEL-DATA; PRICE; FISHERIES;
MODEL; SECTOR
AB Competition across space can be fundamentally altered by changes in market institutions. We propose a framework that integrates market-altering policy changes in the spatial analysis of competitive behavior and incorporates endogenous breaks in explanatory variables for spatial panel datasets. This paper fills a gap in the literature between work focusing on spatial price responsiveness of agents and work on changes in market regulations that affect competition. We apply the framework to an important current fishery management policy to explore how a change from aggregate to individual fishing quotas affects the spatial price responsiveness of fish processors. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Fell, Harrison] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Fell, Harrison] Resources Future Inc, Ctr Climate & Elect Policy, Washington, DC USA.
[Haynie, Alan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sand Point Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Haynie, AC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM alan.haynie@noaa.gov
NR 36
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0883-7252
J9 J APPL ECONOMET
JI J. Appl. Econom.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2013
VL 28
IS 4
SI SI
BP 702
EP 719
DI 10.1002/jae.2272
PG 18
WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences
GA 134UG
UT WOS:000318239700008
ER
PT J
AU Taurozzi, JS
Hackley, VA
Wiesner, MR
AF Taurozzi, Julian S.
Hackley, Vincent A.
Wiesner, Mark R.
TI A standardised approach for the dispersion of titanium dioxide
nanoparticles in biological media
SO NANOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanomaterial; agglomerate; bovine serum albumin; toxicology; suspension
ID IN-VITRO; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; TOXICITY; VIVO;
REACTIVITY; ULTRASOUND; POLYMERS; POWER
AB We describe a comprehensive optimisation study culminating in a standardised and validated approach for the preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle dispersions in relevant biological media. This study utilises a TiO2 reference nanomaterial based on a commercially available powder that has been widely examined in both acute and chronic toxicity studies. The dispersion approach as presented here satisfies four key harmonisation requirements not previously addressed: (1) method transferability, based in part on the use of a sonication energy calibration method that allows for power measurement and reporting in a device-independent manner; (2) optimisation of sonication parameters and thorough method validation in terms of particle size distribution, pH, isoelectric point, concentration range and batch variability; (3) minimisation of sonolysis side effects by elimination of organics during sonication and (4) characterisation of nanoparticle agglomeration under various dispersion conditions by use of laser diffraction spectrometry, an in situ size characterisation technique that provides advantages over other techniques more commonly employed within the context of nanotoxicology (e. g. dynamic light scattering). The described procedure yields monomodal, nanoscale, protein-stabilised nanoparticle dispersions in biological media that remain stable for at least 48 h (acute testing timeframe) under typical incubation conditions.
C1 [Taurozzi, Julian S.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vince.hackley@nist.gov
RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013;
OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724
FU NIST's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program
FX We thank Fred Klaessig of Pennsylvania Bio Nano Systems, LLC, for
helpful suggestions and his critical review of the draft manuscript. We
thank John Elliott, NIST Biochemical Science Division, for providing
access to an incubator and for providing the DMEM-FBS test media used in
this study. We thank Prof. Gunter Oberdorster, University of Rochester,
for sharing his P25 sample for validation tests. Evonik Industries AG is
acknowledged for providing the P25 lot used in the OECD testing program.
The authors acknowledge the contributions of Daniel Markwalter for his
valuable assistance in conducting experimental tests under the
sponsorship of NIST's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)
program, and participants of the International Alliance for NanoEHS
Harmonization for many useful discussions, some of which helped motivate
the current work.
NR 45
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 9
U2 77
PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE
PI NEW YORK
PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1743-5390
J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY
JI Nanotoxicology
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 7
IS 4
BP 389
EP 401
DI 10.3109/17435390.2012.665506
PG 13
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology
GA 139NT
UT WOS:000318590400004
PM 22397515
ER
PT J
AU Smith, AB
Katz, RW
AF Smith, Adam B.
Katz, Richard W.
TI US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: data sources, trends,
accuracy and biases
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Natural disasters; Losses; Statistics of extreme events; Data sources
ID UNITED-STATES; DAMAGE
AB This paper focuses on the US Billion-dollar Weather/Climate Disaster report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Climatic Data Center. The current methodology for the production of this loss dataset is described, highlighting its strengths and limitations including sources of uncertainty and bias. The Insurance Services Office/Property Claims Service, the US Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Flood Insurance Program and the US Department of Agriculture's crop insurance program are key sources of quantified disaster loss data, among others. The methodology uses a factor approach to convert from insured losses to total direct losses, one potential limitation. An increasing trend in annual aggregate losses is shown to be primarily attributable to a statistically significant increasing trend of about 5 % per year in the frequency of billion-dollar disasters. So the question arises of how such trend estimates are affected by uncertainties and biases in the billion-dollar disaster data. The net effect of all biases appears to be an underestimation of average loss. In particular, it is shown that the factor approach can result in a considerable underestimation of average loss of roughly 10-15 %. Because this bias is systematic, any trends in losses from tropical cyclones appear to be robust to variations in insurance participation rates. Any attribution of the marked increasing trends in crop losses is complicated by a major expansion of the federally subsidized crop insurance program, as a consequence encompassing more marginal land. Recommendations concerning how the current methodology can be improved to increase the quality of the billion-dollar disaster dataset include refining the factor approach to more realistically take into account spatial and temporal variations in insurance participation rates.
C1 [Smith, Adam B.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Katz, Richard W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Smith, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM Adam.Smith@noaa.gov
RI Katz, Richard/K-4133-2012
OI Katz, Richard/0000-0002-0267-8953
FU National Science Foundation
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation. We thank Gary Kerney of ISO/Property Claims
Service and Lee Messmore of USDA/RMA for providing key data sources and
perspective in better understanding data caveats and limitations. We
also thank a number of reviewers including Marjorie McGuirk, Neal Lott,
Russell Vose, Tom Peterson, Tom Karl and Linwood Pendleton who have
provided many useful comments to enhance this research article. We
acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
NR 34
TC 81
Z9 83
U1 5
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
J9 NAT HAZARDS
JI Nat. Hazards
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 67
IS 2
BP 387
EP 410
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0566-5
PG 24
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 138FN
UT WOS:000318494300013
ER
PT J
AU Romanou, A
Gregg, WW
Romanski, J
Kelley, M
Bleck, R
Healy, R
Nazarenko, L
Russell, G
Schmidt, GA
Sun, S
Tausnev, N
AF Romanou, A.
Gregg, W. W.
Romanski, J.
Kelley, M.
Bleck, R.
Healy, R.
Nazarenko, L.
Russell, G.
Schmidt, G. A.
Sun, S.
Tausnev, N.
TI Natural air-sea flux of CO2 in simulations of the NASA-GISS climate
model: Sensitivity to the physical ocean model formulation
SO OCEAN MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon cycle; Climate modeling; Ocean modeling
ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ADVECTION; EXCHANGE; DRIVEN; IRON
AB Results from twin control simulations of the preindustrial CO2 gas exchange (natural flux of CO2) between the ocean and the atmosphere are presented here using the NASA-GISS climate model, in which the same atmospheric component (modelE2) is coupled to two different ocean models, the Russell ocean model and HYCOM. Both incarnations of the GISS climate model are also coupled to the same ocean biogeochemistry module (NOBM) which estimates prognostic distributions for biotic and abiotic fields that influence the air-sea flux of CO2. Model intercomparison is carried out at equilibrium conditions and model differences are contrasted with biases from present day climatologies. Although the models agree on the spatial patterns of the air-sea flux of CO2, they disagree on the strength of the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean sinks mainly because of kinematic (winds) and chemistry (pCO(2)) differences rather than thermodynamic (SST) ones. Biology/chemistry dissimilarities in the models stem from the different parameterizations of advective and diffusive processes, such as overturning, mixing and horizontal tracer advection and to a lesser degree from parameterizations of biogeochemical processes such as gravitational settling and sinking. The global meridional overturning circulation illustrates much of the different behavior of the biological pump in the two models, together with differences in mixed layer depth which are responsible for different SST, DIC and nutrient distributions in the two models and consequently different atmospheric feedbacks (in the wind, net heat and freshwater fluxes into the ocean). (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Romanou, A.; Bleck, R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Romanou, A.; Kelley, M.; Bleck, R.; Russell, G.; Schmidt, G. A.] NASA, GISS, New York, NY USA.
[Gregg, W. W.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Romanski, J.; Healy, R.; Nazarenko, L.; Schmidt, G. A.; Tausnev, N.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Clim Syst Res, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Sun, S.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Romanou, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA.
EM ar2235@columbia.edu
RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012; Healy, Richard/J-9214-2015; Sun,
Shan/H-2318-2015
OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486; Healy, Richard/0000-0002-5098-8921;
FU NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for
Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA-ROSES
Modeling, Analysis and Prediction [NNH08ZDA001N-MAP]
FX Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation
(NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Funding was provided by
NASA-ROSES Modeling, Analysis and Prediction 2008 NNH08ZDA001N-MAP. We
would like to thank Reto Ruedy for providing help with model setup and
runs. The lead author would also like to thank John Marshall, John
Dunne, Stephanie Dutkiewicz and Irina Marinov for very helpful and
insightful discussions.
NR 50
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1463-5003
EI 1463-5011
J9 OCEAN MODEL
JI Ocean Model.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 66
BP 26
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.01.008
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 139TQ
UT WOS:000318607900003
ER
PT J
AU Chu, LH
Wang, C
Bordet, P
Colin, CV
Pairis, S
Na, YY
Yan, J
Huang, QZ
AF Chu, Lihua
Wang, Cong
Bordet, Pierre
Colin, Claire V.
Pairis, Sebastien
Na, Yuanyuan
Yan, Jun
Huang, Qingzhen
TI The effect of Zn vacancies on the physical properties of antiperovskite
compounds Mn3ZnxN
SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Antiperovskite compounds; Vacancies; Magnetic; Heat capacity
ID ZERO THERMAL-EXPANSION; MAGNETISM; MOMENTS
AB The effects of Zn vacancies on the physical properties of antiperovskite compounds Mn3ZnxN (x = 0.96 and 0.93) were investigated. For Mn3Zn0.96N, lowering the temperature produced two anomalies in the magnetization and heat capacity curves: the first at similar to 185 K is related to magnetic ordering and was accompanied by a lattice expansion; the second at similar to 115 K is due to a magnetic order change and showed a lattice contraction. However, for Mn3Zn0.93N only a single transition is observed around 185 K. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chu, Lihua; Wang, Cong; Yan, Jun] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China.
[Chu, Lihua; Bordet, Pierre; Colin, Claire V.; Pairis, Sebastien] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Chu, Lihua; Bordet, Pierre; Colin, Claire V.; Pairis, Sebastien] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Na, Yuanyuan] Yunnan Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China.
[Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China.
EM congwang@buaa.edu.cn
RI Colin, Claire/E-2527-2012
OI Colin, Claire/0000-0003-1332-7929
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51172012, 91122026,
51201150]; Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
[20111102110026]
FX The work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
(NSFC) (Nos. 51172012, 91122026 and 51201150), and a grant from the
Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No.
20111102110026). We are also grateful to Prof. Danmin Liu in Beijing
University of Technology for help with the heat capacity measurements.
NR 26
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 40
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6462
J9 SCRIPTA MATER
JI Scr. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 68
IS 12
BP 968
EP 971
DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.052
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 139LR
UT WOS:000318584700015
ER
PT J
AU Gavrilov, NM
Tans, P
Guenther, D
Sweeney, C
AF Gavrilov, N. M.
Tans, P.
Guenther, D.
Sweeney, C.
TI Multiyear average characteristics of CO2 variations in the free
atmosphere over Colorado (40 degrees N, 104 degrees W)
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon dioxide; CO2; Atmosphere; Aircraft; Flask measurements; Seasonal
variation; Climatology
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; NETWORK; CYCLE
AB A statistical analysis is made of vertical changes in CO2 mole fraction and its seasonal variations in the free troposphere from the data of flask aircraft measurements over Briggsdale and Carr, Colorado, USA (similar to 40 degrees N, similar to 104 degrees W) during years 1992-2011. Polynomials give good approximations for the general CO2 19-year grows rates at different altitudes in the troposphere. The averaged over altitudes 4-8 km 19-year mean CO2 mole fraction related to year 2002 is 372.1 +/- 0.1 ppm, its mean growth rate is 1.97 +/- 0.02 ppm yr(-1) and acceleration of the grows is 0.019 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-2). Observed CO2 seasonal cycles, also amplitudes and phases of their spectral components are less variable in the troposphere above altitude 4-5 km than below. This may reflect better mixing and larger influence of atmospheric circulation there, than at lower altitudes. Annual and semiannual components could prevail in average CO2 seasonal cycle in the troposphere above altitude 4-5 km, while shorter period components are more important at lower altitudes. The amplitude of the semiannual component grows in time faster than the amplitude of annual component. In the lower part of the troposphere, transitions from low-altitude CO2 characteristics (partly influenced by local sources) to more homogeneous ones in the upper troposphere are observed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gavrilov, N. M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Atmospher Phys Dept, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Tans, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Guenther, D.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Gavrilov, NM (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Atmospher Phys Dept, St Petersburg, Russia.
EM gavrilov@pobox.spbu.ru
RI Gavrilov, Nikolai/K-1754-2013
OI Gavrilov, Nikolai/0000-0002-3944-9433
FU Russian Basic Research Foundation
FX This study was partly supported by the Russian Basic Research
Foundation.
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 72
BP 159
EP 164
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.054
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 135BW
UT WOS:000318262000020
ER
PT J
AU Pakarinen, K
Petersen, EJ
Alvila, L
Waissi-Leinonen, GC
Akkanen, J
Leppanen, MT
Kukkonen, JVK
AF Pakarinen, Kukka
Petersen, Elijah J.
Alvila, Leila
Waissi-Leinonen, Greta C.
Akkanen, Jarkko
Leppanen, Matti T.
Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.
TI A screening study on the fate of fullerenes (nC60) and their toxic
implications in natural freshwaters
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanoparticle; Nanotoxicology; Water chemistry
ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON NANOTUBES; C-60 FULLERENE; HUMIC-ACID;
PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; AGGREGATION KINETICS; AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY;
DAPHNIA-MAGNA; NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSION
AB Increasing usage of fullerenes (C60) increases their opportunities to be released into the environment. For risk assessment, it is important to understand the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of C60. In the present study, fullerene settling was measured during a 1-yr period with 4 different lake waters and an artificial freshwater, and Daphnia magna immobilization and fullerene accumulation was also measured in each of the lake waters. Depending on the characteristics of the lake waters, fullerenes either exhibited extended water stability or settled rapidly; in all waters, there was a fraction that remained stable after 1yr. Water stability was affected by the quality and molecular size distribution of dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM). Increasing DNOM molecular sizes with high aromatic content enhanced water stability. Immobilization of D. magna was generally quite low (under 20%) and highly variable after 24h and 48h at initial fullerene concentrations up to 10mg/L. Substantial settling occurred during the time period for acute toxicity assays (i.e., 48h), which should be anticipated when conducting toxicity assays. There were no significant differences in the quantity of accumulated fullerenes among the different lake waters at fullerene concentrations of 0.5mg/L, but there were differences at 2mg/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1224-1232. (c) 2013 SETAC
C1 [Pakarinen, Kukka; Waissi-Leinonen, Greta C.; Akkanen, Jarkko; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu, Finland.
[Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Alvila, Leila] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Chem, Joensuu, Finland.
[Leppanen, Matti T.] Finnish Environm Inst, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
[Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
RP Pakarinen, K (reprint author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Biol, Joensuu, Finland.
EM kukka.pakarinen@uef.fi
RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013
FU Academy of Finland [214545]; Kone Foundation; EnSTe graduate school
FX This research was funded by the Academy of Finland (project 214545), the
Kone Foundation, and the EnSTe graduate school. We thank M. Noponen, J.
Keronen, and E. Luostarinen for total organic carbon and water-hardness
measurements.
NR 47
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 87
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 32
IS 6
BP 1224
EP 1232
DI 10.1002/etc.2175
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 134RX
UT WOS:000318233100006
PM 23404765
ER
PT J
AU Chen, YC
Sastry, CS
Patel, VM
Phillips, PJ
Chellappa, R
AF Chen, Yi-Chen
Sastry, Challa S.
Patel, Vishal M.
Phillips, P. Jonathon
Chellappa, Rama
TI In-Plane Rotation and Scale Invariant Clustering Using Dictionaries
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Clustering; content-based image retrieval (CBIR); dictionary learning;
radon transform; rotation invariance; scale invariance
ID TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION; SPARSE REPRESENTATION; BASIS PURSUIT;
RECOGNITION; RETRIEVAL
AB In this paper, we present an approach that simultaneously clusters images and learns dictionaries from the clusters. The method learns dictionaries and clusters images in the radon transform domain. The main feature of the proposed approach is that it provides both in-plane rotation and scale invariant clustering, which is useful in numerous applications, including content-based image retrieval (CBIR). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our rotation and scale invariant clustering method on a series of CBIR experiments. Experiments are performed on the Smithsonian isolated leaf, Kimia shape, and Brodatz texture datasets. Our method provides both good retrieval performance and greater robustness compared to standard Gabor-based and three state-of-the-art shape-based methods that have similar objectives.
C1 [Chen, Yi-Chen; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Chen, Yi-Chen; Patel, Vishal M.; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sastry, Challa S.] Indian Inst Technol Hyderabad, Dept Math, Hyderabad 500016, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen, YC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM cheny08@umiacs.umd.edu; csastry@iith.ac.in; pvishalm@umd.edu;
jonathon@nist.gov; rama@umiacs.umd.edu
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB11H023]; ONR
[N00014-12-1-0124]; IIT Hyderabad; DST, India [SR/FTP/ETA-054/2009]
FX The work of Y.-C. Chen and R. Chellappa was supported by a Cooperative
Agreement from the National Institute of Standards and Technology under
Grant 70NANB11H023. The work of V. M. Patel and R. Chellappa was
supported by an ONR under Grant N00014-12-1-0124. The work of C. S.
Sastry was supported by IIT Hyderabad and DST, India under Grant
SR/FTP/ETA-054/2009. The associate editor coordinating the review of
this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Rebecca
Willett.
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1057-7149
EI 1941-0042
J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS
JI IEEE Trans. Image Process.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 22
IS 6
BP 2166
EP 2180
DI 10.1109/TIP.2013.2246178
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 137ZK
UT WOS:000318477500006
PM 23399961
ER
PT J
AU Ezekoye, OA
Hurley, MJ
Torero, JL
McGrattan, KB
AF Ezekoye, O. A.
Hurley, M. J.
Torero, J. L.
McGrattan, K. B.
TI Applications of Heat Transfer Fundamentals to Fire Modeling
SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
AB The fire industry relies on fire engineers and scientists to develop materials and technologies used to either resist, detect, or suppress fire. While combustion processes are the drivers for what might be considered to be fire phenomena, it is heat transfer physics that mediate how fire spreads. Much of the knowledge of fire phenomena has been encapsulated and exercised in fire modeling software tools. Over the past 30 years, participants in the fire industry have begun to use fire modeling tools to aid in decision making associated with design and analysis. In the rest of this paper we will discuss what the drivers have been for the growth of fire modeling tools; the types of submodels incorporated into such tools; the role of model verification, validation, and uncertainty propagation in these tools; and possible futures for these types of tools to best meet the requirements of the user community. Throughout this discussion, we identify how heat transfer research has supported and aided the advancement of fire modeling.
C1 [Ezekoye, O. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Hurley, M. J.] Soc Fire Protect Engn, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
[Torero, J. L.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
[McGrattan, K. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ezekoye, OA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
NR 88
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1948-5085
EI 1948-5093
J9 J THERM SCI ENG APPL
JI J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 2
AR 021009
DI 10.1115/1.4024015
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA V40YU
UT WOS:000209514700011
ER
PT J
AU Fauquier, DA
Flewelling, LJ
Maucher, J
Manire, CA
Socha, V
Kinsel, MJ
Stacy, BA
Henry, M
Gannon, J
Ramsdell, JS
Landsberg, JH
AF Fauquier, Deborah A.
Flewelling, Leanne J.
Maucher, Jennifer
Manire, Charles A.
Socha, Victoria
Kinsel, Michael J.
Stacy, Brian A.
Henry, Michael
Gannon, Janet
Ramsdell, John S.
Landsberg, Jan H.
TI BREVETOXIN IN BLOOD, BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS, AND TISSUES OF SEA TURTLES
NATURALLY EXPOSED TO KARENIA BREVIS BLOOMS IN CENTRAL WEST FLORIDA
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Caretta caretta; harmful algal bloom; Karenia brevis; red tide; sea
turtle; toxin
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RED TIDES; SARASOTA BAY;
FISH; COAST; ELIMINATION; FEATURES; MAMMALS; RATS
AB In 2005 and 2006, the central west Florida coast experienced two intense Karenia brevis red tide events lasting from February 2005 through December 2005 and August 2006 through December 2006. Strandings of sea turtles were increased in the study area with 318 turtles (n = 174, 2005; n = 144, 2006) stranding between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2006 compared to the 12-yr average of 43 +/- 23 turtles. Live turtles (n = 61) admitted for rehabilitation showed clinical signs including unresponsiveness, paresis, and circling. Testing of biological fluids and tissues for the presence of brevetoxin activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found toxin present in 93% (52 of 56) of live stranded sea turtles, and 98% (42 of 43) of dead stranded sea turtles tested. Serial plasma samples were taken from several live sea turtles during rehabilitation and toxin was cleared from the blood within 5-80 days postadmit depending upon the species tested. Among dead animals the highest brevetoxin levels were found in feces, stomach contents, and liver. The lack of significant pathological findings in the majority of animals necropsied supports toxin-related mortality.
C1 [Fauquier, Deborah A.; Manire, Charles A.; Socha, Victoria; Henry, Michael; Gannon, Janet] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Flewelling, Leanne J.; Landsberg, Jan H.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Maucher, Jennifer; Ramsdell, John S.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Kinsel, Michael J.] Univ Illinois, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA.
[Stacy, Brian A.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
RP Fauquier, DA (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
EM fauquierd@gmail.com
FU Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program; Morris Animal Foundation; Florida Sea
Turtle license plate
FX The authors thank the volunteers and staff of the Florida Sea Turtle
Stranding Network, especially the Anna Maria Turtle Watch and Coastal
Wildlife Club volunteers, and Mote's Stranding Investigations Program,
especially Nelio Barros, Jim Grimes, and Gretchen Sutton for their
efforts in rescuing the turtles. Additionally, the authors thank the
staff, interns, and volunteers of the Sea Turtle Rehabilitation
Hospital, especially Eric Anderson, Lynne Byrd, and Connie Murk for
their efforts in rehabilitating and releasing the turtles. This study
was approved by Mote Marine Laboratory's Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee. This work was conducted under permit number TP126 from
the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Marine Turtle
Program. Funding was provided by research and emergency grants from the
Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program and a research grant from Morris
Animal Foundation. The Sea Turtle Grants Program is funded from proceeds
from the sale of the Florida Sea Turtle license plate. Additionally,
this publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial
product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results
obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by
NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or
imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned
herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised
product to be used or purchased because of this publication.
NR 37
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS
PI YULEE
PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA
SN 1042-7260
EI 1937-2825
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 44
IS 2
BP 364
EP 375
DI 10.1638/2012-0164R.1
PG 12
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA AM1PS
UT WOS:000339620500016
PM 23805555
ER
PT J
AU Norman, SA
Beckett, LA
Miller, WA
Leger, JS
Hobbs, RC
AF Norman, Stephanie A.
Beckett, Laurel A.
Miller, Woutrina A.
Leger, Judy St.
Hobbs, Roderick C.
TI VARIATION IN HEMATOLOGIC AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL VALUES OF BELUGAS
(DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS) UNDER MANAGED CARE
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Beluga; blood chemistry; cetacean; Delphinapterus leucas; hematology;
mixed effects models; variation
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY;
SEASONAL-VARIATION; PATTERNS; FLORIDA; WHALES; WILD; BAY; USA
AB Blood analytes are critical for evaluating the general health of cetacean populations, so it is important to understand the intrinsic variability of hematology and serum chemistry values. Previous studies have reported data for follow-up periods of several years in managed and wild populations, but studies over long periods of time (>20 yr) have not been reported. The study objective was to identify the influences of partitioning characteristics on hematology and serum chemistry analytes of apparently healthy managed beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). Blood values from 31 managed belugas, at three facilities, collected over 22 yr, were assessed for seasonal variation and aging trends, and evaluated for biologic variation among and within individuals. Linear mixed effects models assessed the relationship between the analytes and sex, age, season, facility location, ambient air temperature, and photoperiod. Sex differences in analytes and associations with increasing age were observed. Seasonal variation was observed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, monocytes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Facilities were associated with larger effects on analyte values compared to other covariates, whereas age, sex, and ambient temperature had smaller effects compared to facility and season. Present findings provide important baseline information for future health monitoring efforts. Interpretation of blood analytes and animal health in managed and wild populations over time is aided by having available typical levels for the species and reference intervals for the degree to which individual animals vary from the species average and from their own baseline levels during long-term monitoring.
C1 [Norman, Stephanie A.; Miller, Woutrina A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Beckett, Laurel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostatist, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Leger, Judy St.] Sea World San Diego, San Diego, CA 92109 USA.
[Hobbs, Roderick C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Norman, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM whaledoctor@gmail.com
OI Beckett, Laurel/0000-0002-2418-9843
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS
PI YULEE
PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA
SN 1042-7260
EI 1937-2825
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 44
IS 2
BP 376
EP 388
DI 10.1638/2012-0172R
PG 13
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA AM1PS
UT WOS:000339620500017
PM 23805556
ER
PT J
AU Chen-Mayer, H
Tosh, R
Zimmerman, B
AF Chen-Mayer, H.
Tosh, R.
Zimmerman, B.
TI From Thermal Response to CT Dose - a Calorimetric Journey in HDPE
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Tosh, R.; Zimmerman, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 6
DI 10.1118/1.4814534
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA AI4QM
UT WOS:000336849902154
ER
PT J
AU Chen-Mayer, H
Tosh, R
AF Chen-Mayer, H.
Tosh, R.
TI Phase-Sensitive Microcalorimetry for Activity and Dosimetry of Low-Level
Sources
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Tosh, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 6
DI 10.1118/1.4814501
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA AI4QM
UT WOS:000336849901515
ER
PT J
AU Massillon-Jl, G
Minniti, R
O'Brien, M
Soares, C
AF Massillon-Jl, G.
Minniti, R.
O'Brien, M.
Soares, C.
TI An Investigation of the Energy Dependence of LiF:Mg,Ti Thermoluminescent
Dosimeters in Photon Beams
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Massillon-Jl, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico.
[Minniti, R.; O'Brien, M.; Soares, C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 6
DI 10.1118/1.4814521
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA AI4QM
UT WOS:000336849902128
ER
PT J
AU Rosen, B
Soares, C
Minniti, R
DeWerd, L
AF Rosen, B.
Soares, C.
Minniti, R.
DeWerd, L.
TI Comparative Study of Novel Versus Conventional Scanning Modalities for
Radiochromic Film Dosimetry
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Rosen, B.; DeWerd, L.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Soares, C.; Minniti, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 6
DI 10.1118/1.4815594
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA AI4QM
UT WOS:000336849900003
ER
PT J
AU Dziak, RP
Fowler, MJ
Matsumoto, H
Bohnenstiehl, DR
Park, M
Warren, K
Lee, WS
AF Dziak, Robert P.
Fowler, Matthew J.
Matsumoto, Haruyoshi
Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R.
Park, Minkyu
Warren, Kyle
Lee, Won Sang
TI Life and Death Sounds of Iceberg A53a
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT News Item
ID ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; TREMOR
C1 [Dziak, Robert P.; Fowler, Matthew J.; Matsumoto, Haruyoshi] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA.
[Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Park, Minkyu; Lee, Won Sang] Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea.
RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR USA.
EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 2
SI SI
BP 10
EP 12
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2013.20
PG 3
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 250KX
UT WOS:000326852800004
ER
PT J
AU Keefer, ML
Caudill, CC
Peery, CA
Moser, ML
AF Keefer, Matthew L.
Caudill, Christopher C.
Peery, Christopher A.
Moser, Mary L.
TI Context-dependent diel behavior of upstream-migrating anadromous fishes
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Behavioral plasticity; Migration; Orientation; Predation risk; Sensory
ecology
ID LAMPREYS PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ADULT PACIFIC
LAMPREYS; COLUMBIA RIVER; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ANIMAL NAVIGATION;
BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AMERICAN SHAD; BODY-SIZE; PREDATION
AB Variability is a hallmark of animal behavior and the degree of variability may fluctuate in response to environmental or biological gradients. For example, diel activity patterns during reproductive migrations often differ from those in non-breeding habitats, reflecting trade-offs among efficient route selection, reproductive phenology, and risk avoidance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that diel movements of anadromous fishes differ among freshwater migration habitats. We analyzed diel movement data from 13 000 radio-, PIT-, and acoustic-tagged adult fishes from five Columbia River species: Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; sockeye salmon, O. nerka; steelhead, O. mykiss; Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus; and American shad, Alosa sapidissima. All five species were active during most of the diel cycle in low-gradient, less hydraulically complex reservoir and riverine habitats. Movement shifted to predominantly diurnal (salmonids and American shad) or nocturnal (Pacific lamprey) at hydroelectric dam fishways where hydraulic complexity and predator density were high. Results suggest that context-dependent behaviors are common during fish migrations, and that diel activity patterns vary with the degree of effort or predation risk required for movement.
C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu
RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014
NR 52
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 77
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 96
IS 6
BP 691
EP 700
DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0059-5
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 131FF
UT WOS:000317977200001
ER
PT J
AU Morgan, AB
Gilman, JW
AF Morgan, Alexander B.
Gilman, Jeffrey W.
TI An overview of flame retardancy of polymeric materials: application,
technology, and future directions
SO FIRE AND MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE flame retardants; sustainability; fire safety
ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; EXPANDABLE GRAPHITE; FLAMMABILITY;
POLYURETHANE; PHOSPHORUS; MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS; MONTMORILLONITE;
DECOMPOSITION; NANOPARTICLES
AB Flame retardancy of polymeric materials is conducted to provide fire protection to flammable consumer goods, as well as to mitigate fire growth in a wide range of fires. This paper is a general overview of commercial flame retardant technology. It covers the drivers behind why flame retardants are used today, the current technologies in use, how they are applied, and where the field of flame retardant research is headed. The paper is not a full review of the technology, but rather a general overview of this entire field of applied science and is designed to get the reader started on the fundamentals behind this technology. This paper is based upon presentations given by the authors in late 2009 at the Flame Retardants and Fire Fighters meeting held at NIST. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Morgan, Alexander B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
[Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Morgan, AB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
EM alexander.morgan@udri.udayton.edu
NR 54
TC 58
Z9 63
U1 6
U2 157
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0308-0501
J9 FIRE MATER
JI Fire Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 37
IS 4
BP 259
EP 279
DI 10.1002/fam.2128
PG 21
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 132CS
UT WOS:000318046100001
ER
PT J
AU Sathiaraj, D
Triantaphyllou, E
AF Sathiaraj, David
Triantaphyllou, Evangelos
TI On Identifying Critical Nuggets of Information during Classification
Tasks
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Data mining; classification; critical nuggets; outliers; classification
accuracy; class boundary; duality
ID DISTANCE-BASED OUTLIERS; DIMENSIONAL DATA SETS; MIXED-ATTRIBUTES;
ALGORITHMS
AB In large databases, there may exist critical nuggets-small collections of records or instances that contain domain-specific important information. This information can be used for future decision making such as labeling of critical, unlabeled data records and improving classification results by reducing false positive and false negative errors. This work introduces the idea of critical nuggets, proposes an innovative domain-independent method to measure criticality, suggests a heuristic to reduce the search space for finding critical nuggets, and isolates and validates critical nuggets from some real-world data sets. It seems that only a few subsets may qualify to be critical nuggets, underlying the importance of finding them. The proposed methodology can detect them. This work also identifies certain properties of critical nuggets and provides experimental validation of the properties. Experimental results also helped validate that critical nuggets can assist in improving classification accuracies in real-world data sets.
C1 [Sathiaraj, David] NOAA, Southern Reg Climate Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Sathiaraj, David; Triantaphyllou, Evangelos] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Sathiaraj, D (reprint author), NOAA, Southern Reg Climate Ctr, E328 Howe Russell, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM davids@srcc.lsu.edu; trianta@lsu.edu
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1041-4347
J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN
JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 25
IS 6
BP 1354
EP 1367
DI 10.1109/TKDE.2012.112
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information
Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 129RT
UT WOS:000317860300012
ER
PT J
AU Bal, N
Raynard, J
Rein, G
Torero, JL
Forsth, M
Boulet, P
Parent, G
Acem, Z
Linteris, G
AF Bal, N.
Raynard, J.
Rein, G.
Torero, J. L.
Forsth, M.
Boulet, P.
Parent, G.
Acem, Z.
Linteris, G.
TI Experimental study of radiative heat transfer in a translucent fuel
sample exposed to different spectral sources
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Radiation; PMMA; Absorbance; Attenuation; Spectral dependence
ID IGNITION
AB Radiative heat transfer to a solid is a key mechanism in fire dynamics, and in-depth absorption is especially of importance for translucent fuels. The sample-heater interaction for radiative heat transfer is experimentally investigated in this study with two different heaters (electric resistance and tungsten lamp) using clear PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA) samples from two different formulations (Plexiglass and Lucite). First, the significant effects of the heater type and operating temperature on the radiative heat transfer are revealed with broadband measurements of transmittance on samples of different thicknesses. Then, the attenuation coefficient in Beer-Lambert's law has been calculated from detailed spectral measurements over the full wavelength range encountered in real fires. The measurements present large spectral heterogeneity. These experimental results and calculation of in-depth absorption are used to explain the reason behind the apparent variation of the fuel absorbance with the sample thickness observed in past studies. The measurement of the spectral intensity emitted by the heaters verifies that the common assumption of blackbody behavior is correct for the electric resistance, whereas the tungsten lamp does not even behave as a greybody. This investigation proofs the necessity of a multi-band radiation model to calculate accurately the fire radiative heat transfer which affects directly the in-depth temperature profiles and hence the pyrolysis process for translucent fuel. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bal, N.; Raynard, J.; Rein, G.; Torero, J. L.] Univ Edinburgh, BRE Ctr Fire Safety Engn, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Bal, N.] Ctr Etud & Rech Ind Beton, F-28233 Epernon, France.
[Raynard, J.] Airbus Operat SAS, F-31060 Toulouse 9, France.
[Rein, G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Torero, J. L.] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Forsth, M.] SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, SE-50115 Boras, Sweden.
[Boulet, P.; Parent, G.; Acem, Z.] Univ Nancy, LEMTA, CNRS, Fac Sci & Tech, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
[Linteris, G.] NIST, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bal, N (reprint author), Ctr Etud & Rech Ind Beton, 1 Rue Longs Reages,CS 10010, F-28233 Epernon, France.
EM n.bal@ed.ac.uk
RI Parent, Gilles/A-7595-2012; Acem, Zoubir/I-8427-2012;
OI Parent, Gilles/0000-0003-3203-7265; Acem, Zoubir/0000-0001-7206-305X;
Rein, Guillermo/0000-0001-7207-2685
FU BRE Global; FM Global
FX The authors would like to thank S. Zhao (Uppsala University, Sweden), M.
Krajcovic, F. Radford, I. Chang (University of Edinburgh, UK), P. Girods
(University of Nancy, France) and H. Biteau (Exponent, USA) for their
help and BRE Global and FM Global for their financial support.
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0017-9310
J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN
JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 61
BP 742
EP 748
DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.02.017
PG 7
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics
GA 135BE
UT WOS:000318260200070
ER
PT J
AU Guo, FY
Liu, QY
Zheng, XT
Sun, S
AF Guo Feiyan
Liu Qinyu
Zheng Xiao-Tong
Sun Shan
TI The role of barrier layer in southeastern Arabian Sea during the
development of positive Indian Ocean Dipole events
SO JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA
LA English
DT Article
DE sea surface temperature (SST); mixed layer; barrier layer; Indian Ocean
Dipole (IOD); persistence; precipitation; southeastern Arabian Sea
ID SUMMER MONSOON SEASON; MIXED-LAYER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
HEAT-BUDGET; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TOGA DECADE; ZONAL
MODE; CLIMATE; SALINITY
AB Using data from Argo and simple ocean data assimilation (SODA), the role of the barrier layer (BL) in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS: 60A degrees E-75A degrees E, 0A degrees-10A degrees N) is investigated during the development of positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events from 1960 to 2008. It is found that warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the northern Indian Ocean appears in June in the SEAS. This warm SST accompanying anomalous southeastern wind persists for six months and a thicker BL and a corresponding thinner mixed layer in the SEAS contribute to the SST warming during the IOD formation period. The excessive precipitation during this period helps to form a thicker BL and a thinner mixed layer, resulting in a higher SST in the SEAS. Warm SST in the SEAS and cold SST to the southeast of the SEAS intensify the southeasterly anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean, which transports more moisture to the SEAS, and then induces more precipitation there. The ocean-atmosphere interaction process among wind, precipitation, BL and SST is very important for the anomalous warming in the SEAS during the development of positive IOD events.
C1 [Guo Feiyan; Liu Qinyu; Zheng Xiao-Tong] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Guo Feiyan; Liu Qinyu; Zheng Xiao-Tong] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Ocean Atmosphere Interact & Climate Univ, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Sun Shan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Liu, QY (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
EM liuqy@ouc.edu.cn
RI Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015; Zheng, Xiao-Tong/H-4231-2012
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955602]; Ministry of
Science and Technology of China (National Key Program for Developing
Basic Science) [2010CB428904]; NSFC [41176006, 40921004, 41106010]; 111
Project of China (Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to
Universities) [B07036]
FX Comments by the two anonymous reviewers greatly helped improve the
manuscript. Thanks to Profs. S.-P. Xie and W. Han for their comments on
the manuscript. Argo data were collected and made available by the
International Argo Program of the Global Ocean Observing System
(http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). This study is
supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
(2012CB955602), Ministry of Science and Technology of China (National
Key Program for Developing Basic Science 2010CB428904), the NSFC
(41176006, 40921004, 41106010), and the 111 Project of China (Program of
Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities No. B07036).
NR 50
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 11
PU OCEAN UNIV CHINA
PI QINGDAO
PA 5 YUSHAN RD, QINGDAO, 266003, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-5182
J9 J OCEAN U CHINA
JI J. OCEAN UNIV.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 12
IS 2
BP 245
EP 252
DI 10.1007/s11802-013-2170-4
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 135PH
UT WOS:000318300200008
ER
PT J
AU Jung, CH
Lee, SS
Bae, SY
Kim, YP
AF Jung, Chang H.
Lee, Seoung Soo
Bae, Soo Ya
Kim, Yong P.
TI Minimum Collection Efficiency Particle Diameter during Precipitation as
a Function of Rain Intensity
SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Minimum collection efficiency particle diameter; Rain intensity;
Polydispersed raindrop size distribution; Analytic solution; Raindrop
fall velocity
ID SCAVENGING COEFFICIENT; SIZE; AREA
AB This study found that the minimum collection efficiency particle diameter during precipitation is a function of rain intensity. The raindrop size distribution was parameterized with a log normal size distribution as a function of rain intensity, and the minimum collection efficiency and minimum collection efficiency diameter were obtained analytically.
The results show that, during precipitation, both the minimum scavenging coefficient diameter and the minimum scavenging coefficient increase along with rain intensity. A comparison of the minimum collection efficiency diameters for various falling velocities reveals that there is not much of a difference in the diameters.
Both the numerical and analytical results of this study agree well, without much loss of accuracy.
C1 [Jung, Chang H.] Kyungin Womens Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Inchon 407740, South Korea.
[Lee, Seoung Soo] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bae, Soo Ya] Korea Inst Atmospher Predict Syst, Seoul 156849, South Korea.
[Kim, Yong P.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea.
RP Jung, CH (reprint author), Kyungin Womens Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Inchon 407740, South Korea.
EM jch9999@hanmail.net
RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Kim, Yong/H-3109-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Kim, Yong/0000-0002-3753-7739;
FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation
of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
[2012R1A1A2001133]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and
Development Program [CATER 2012-7070]
FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through
the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry
of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2012R1A1A2001133) and by the
Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program
under CATER 2012-7070.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR
PI TAICHUNG COUNTY
PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E
RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN
SN 1680-8584
J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES
JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 13
IS 3
BP 1070
EP 1077
DI 10.4209/aaqr.2012.09.0255
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 122QA
UT WOS:000317331500023
ER
PT J
AU Kassner, ME
Geantil, P
Levine, LE
AF Kassner, M. E.
Geantil, P.
Levine, L. E.
TI Long range internal stresses in single-phase crystalline materials
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Long range internal stress; Bauschinger effect; Cyclic deformation;
X-ray microbeam
ID LATTICE PLANE MISORIENTATIONS; BEAM ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; LARGE-STRAIN
DEFORMATION; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CYCLIC
DEFORMATION; DEFORMED COPPER; DISLOCATION MICROSTRUCTURE; RESTORATION
MECHANISMS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE
AB Backstresses, or long range internal stresses (LRISs), have been suggested by many to exist in plastically deformed crystalline materials. Elevated stresses may be present in regions of elevated dislocation density or dislocation heterogeneities in the deformed microstructures. The heterogeneities include dislocation pile-ups, edge dislocation dipole bundles and cell walls in monotonically and cyclically deformed materials. The existence of LRIS is especially important for the understanding of cyclic deformation and monotonic deformation. Theories and supporting experiments for assessing LRIS will all be discussed in this review. This review includes several new developments over the past few years. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kassner, M. E.; Geantil, P.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kassner, ME (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, OHE 430, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM kassner@usc.edu
FU NSF [DMR-901838]; US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX M.E.K. acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant DMR-901838 Use of
the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated
for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne
National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 67
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0749-6419
EI 1879-2154
J9 INT J PLASTICITY
JI Int. J. Plast.
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 45
SI SI
BP 44
EP 60
DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2012.10.003
PG 17
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics
GA 126QL
UT WOS:000317636200004
ER
PT J
AU Capes-Davis, A
Reid, YA
Kline, MC
Storts, DR
Strauss, E
Dirks, WG
Drexler, HG
MacLeod, RAF
Sykes, G
Kohara, A
Nakamura, Y
Elmore, E
Nims, RW
Alston-Roberts, C
Barallon, R
Los, GV
Nardone, RM
Price, PJ
Steuer, A
Thomson, J
Masters, JRW
Kerrigan, L
AF Capes-Davis, Amanda
Reid, Yvonne A.
Kline, Margaret C.
Storts, Douglas R.
Strauss, Ethan
Dirks, Wilhelm G.
Drexler, Hans G.
MacLeod, Roderick A. F.
Sykes, Gregory
Kohara, Arihiro
Nakamura, Yukio
Elmore, Eugene
Nims, Raymond W.
Alston-Roberts, Christine
Barallon, Rita
Los, Georgyi V.
Nardone, Roland M.
Price, Paul J.
Steuer, Anton
Thomson, Jim
Masters, John R. W.
Kerrigan, Liz
TI Match criteria for human cell line authentication: Where do we draw the
line?
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
LA English
DT Article
DE authentication; human cell lines; cross-contamination; STR profiling;
match criteria
ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; PROFILING ANALYSIS;
STEM-CELLS; MUTATIONS; LEUKEMIA; MISIDENTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION;
VALIDATION; IDENTITY
AB Continuous human cell lines have been used extensively as models for biomedical research. In working with these cell lines, researchers are often unaware of the risk of cross-contamination and other causes of misidentification. To reduce this risk, there is a pressing need to authenticate cell lines, comparing the sample handled in the laboratory to a previously tested sample. The American Type Culture Collection Standards Development Organization Workgroup ASN-0002 has developed a Standard for human cell line authentication, recommending short tandem repeat (STR) profiling for authentication of human cell lines. However, there are known limitations to the technique when applied to cultured samples, including possible genetic drift with passage. In our study, a dataset of 2,279 STR profiles from four cell banks was used to assess the effectiveness of the match criteria recommended within the Standard. Of these 2,279 STR profiles, 1,157 were grouped into sets of related cell linesduplicate holdings, legitimately related samples or misidentified cell lines. Eight core STR loci plus amelogenin were used to unequivocally authenticate 98% of these related sets. Two simple match algorithms each clearly discriminated between related and unrelated samples, with separation between related samples at 80% match and unrelated samples at <50% match. A small degree of overlap was noted at 5079% match, mostly from cell lines known to display variable STR profiles. These match criteria are recommended as a simple and effective way to interpret results from STR profiling of human cell lines.
C1 [Capes-Davis, Amanda] Childrens Med Res Inst, CellBank Australia, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
[Reid, Yvonne A.; Sykes, Gregory; Alston-Roberts, Christine; Kerrigan, Liz] Amer Type Culture Collect ATCC, Manassas, VA USA.
[Kline, Margaret C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Storts, Douglas R.; Strauss, Ethan] Promega Corp, Madison, WI USA.
[Dirks, Wilhelm G.; Drexler, Hans G.; MacLeod, Roderick A. F.] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganismen & Zellkulturen, Leibniz Inst, Braunschweig, Germany.
[Kohara, Arihiro] Natl Inst Biomed Innovat, Japanese Collect Res Bioresources JCRB, Osaka, Japan.
[Nakamura, Yukio] RIKEN Bioresource Ctr, Cell Engn Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Elmore, Eugene] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiat Oncol, Irvine, CA USA.
[Nims, Raymond W.] RMC Pharmaceut Solut, Longmont, CO USA.
[Barallon, Rita; Thomson, Jim] LGC, Teddington, Middx, England.
[Los, Georgyi V.] Thermo Fisher Sci, Rockford, IL USA.
[Nardone, Roland M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Price, Paul J.] Cell Culture Consultant, Mt Pleasant, SC USA.
[Steuer, Anton] BioReliance Corp, Rockville, MD USA.
[Masters, John R. W.] UCL, Prostate Canc Res Ctr, London, England.
RP Capes-Davis, A (reprint author), Childrens Med Res Inst, CellBank Australia, Locked Bag 23, Wentworthville, NSW 2145, Australia.
EM acapdav@gmail.com
RI Nakamura, Yukio/A-5263-2016;
OI Capes-Davis, Amanda/0000-0003-4184-6339; Nardone,
Raffaele/0000-0001-5243-6760
NR 47
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0020-7136
J9 INT J CANCER
JI Int. J. Cancer
PD JUN 1
PY 2013
VL 132
IS 11
BP 2510
EP 2519
DI 10.1002/ijc.27931
PG 10
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 115PI
UT WOS:000316824000006
PM 23136038
ER
PT J
AU Small, C
Elvidge, CD
AF Small, Christopher
Elvidge, Christopher D.
TI Night on Earth: Mapping decadal changes of anthropogenic night light in
Asia
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Urban; Night light; DMSP-OLS; Landsat; Zipf; Asia; India; China;
Nightsat
ID STANDARDIZED PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; LAND-COVER; ZIPFS
LAW; TRANSFORMATION; REFLECTANCE; CITIES
AB The defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) operational linescan system (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970s. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years (Elvidge et al., 2009). The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of the growth and evolution of lighted human settlements and development. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the temporal feature space to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOF5 and spatial structure of the PCs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic multi-year trends and stochastic year-to-year variance. The low order EOF5 and principal components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict potentially deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. At critical brightness threshold we find an 18% increase in the number of spatially distinct lights and an 80% increase in lighted area in southern and eastern Asia between 1992 and 2009. During this time both China and India experienced a similar to 20% increase in number of lights and a similar to 270% increase in lighted area - although the timing of the increase is later in China than in India. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are apparent in tri-temporal brightness composites - as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution Landsat imagery verifies multiple phases of urban growth in several cities as well as the consistent presence of low DN ( B-u) giving rise to a pure b-type band at 36 508.77 cm(-1). Here, the asymmetry induced by a single C-13 atom in one of the rings is sufficient to localize the electronic excitation in one or the other ring. Dispersed fluorescence (DFL) spectra are used to provide assignments for all vibronic structure in the first 200 cm(-1) of both conformers. In the tgt conformer, both "a" and "b" symmetry fundamentals are observed, consistent with extensive vibronic coupling between the two dipole-allowed, nearly degenerate excited states. In the ttt conformer, the lowest frequency vibronic transition located 46 cm(-1) above the B-u origin is assigned to a b(u) fundamental (labeled (R) over bar) built off the dipole-forbidden A(g) state origin. The DFL spectrum of the A(g)((R) over bar (1)) level contains strong transitions to v ''((R) over bar) = 0, 1, and 2, seemingly at odds with vibronic coupling models. Studies of the DFL spectrum of this band as a function of distance from the nozzle reveal that much of the intensity in v '' = 1 arises from collisions of DPOE while in the excited state A(g)(v(b)' = 1) level with He, producing B-u((R) over bar = 1) levels with large collision cross section.
The remaining intensity in the fundamental at large x/D is ascribed to emission from the C-13 isotopomer, for which this emission is dipole-allowed. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Buchanan, Evan G.; Walsh, Patrick S.; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov; Zwier@purdue.edu
FU (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]
FX E.G.B., P.S.W., and T.S.Z. gratefully acknowledge support from the
(U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical Sciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER14656.
NR 58
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 27
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 28
PY 2013
VL 138
IS 20
AR 204313
DI 10.1063/1.4807300
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 160PH
UT WOS:000320131100036
PM 23742481
ER
PT J
AU Pibida, L
Mille, M
Norman, B
AF Pibida, L.
Mille, M.
Norman, B.
TI Recommendations for Improving Consistency in the Radiation Fields Used
During Testing of Radiation Detection Instruments for Homeland Security
Applications
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ANSI/IEEE standards testing; exposure rate constants; radiation field
determination; source activity
ID EMITTING TEST SOURCES; PORTAL MONITORS
AB Several measurements and calculations were performed to illustrate the differences that can be observed in the determination of exposure rate or ambient dose equivalent rate used for testing radiation detection systems against consensus standards. The large variations observed support our recommendation that better consistency in the test radiation fields can be achieved by specifying the source activity and testing distance instead of the field strength.
C1 [Pibida, L.; Mille, M.; Norman, B.] NIST, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mille, M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Nucl Engn & Engn Phys Program, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
RP Pibida, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov; matthew.mille@nist.gov; bruce.norman@nist.gov
FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
(DNDO); DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University
Programs
FX The authors would like to thank the Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) for funding this work.
Mr. Mille was funded by a graduate fellowship from the DOE Office of
Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs. The authors would
also like to thank Dr. Ronaldo Minniti from NIST for doing the
instrument calibration measurements.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY 28
PY 2013
VL 118
BP 292
EP 300
DI 10.6028/jres.118.014
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 154KD
UT WOS:000319673000001
PM 26401434
ER
PT J
AU Song, Y
Carr, SV
Lu, XY
Zhang, CL
Sims, ZC
Luttrell, NF
Chi, SX
Zhao, Y
Lynn, JW
Dai, PC
AF Song, Yu
Carr, Scott V.
Lu, Xingye
Zhang, Chenglin
Sims, Zachary C.
Luttrell, N. F.
Chi, Songxue
Zhao, Yang
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Uniaxial pressure effect on structural and magnetic phase transitions in
NaFeAs and its comparison with as-grown and annealed BaFe2As2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID IRON; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANISOTROPY
AB We use neutron scattering to study the effect of uniaxial pressure on the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural (T-s) and paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic (T-N) phase transitions in NaFeAs and compare the outcome with similar measurements on as-grown and annealed BaFe2As2. In previous work on as-grown BaFe2As2, uniaxial pressure necessary to detwin the sample was found to induce a significant increase in zero pressure T-N and T-s. However, we find that similar uniaxial pressure used to detwin NaFeAs and annealed BaFe2As2 has a very small effect on their T-N and T-s. Since transport measurements on these samples still reveal resistivity anisotropy above T-N and T-s, we conclude that such anisotropy can not be due to uniaxial strain-induced T-N and T-s shifts, but must arise from intrinsic electronic anisotropy in these materials.
C1 [Song, Yu; Carr, Scott V.; Lu, Xingye; Zhang, Chenglin; Sims, Zachary C.; Luttrell, N. F.; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Lu, Xingye; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Chi, Songxue] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Zhao, Yang; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Song, Y (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM pdai@utk.edu
RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013;
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153;
Song, Yu/0000-0002-3460-393X
FU US DOE BES Grant [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; MOST of China 973 program
[2012CB821400]; US DOE Scientific User Facilities Division; Materials
Sciences and Engineering Division; BES
FX We thank J. Hu and W. Lv for helpful discussions. The single-crystal
growth and neutron scattering work at UTK is supported by the US DOE BES
Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46202. Work at the IOP, CAS, is supported by the
MOST of China 973 program (2012CB821400). The research at HFIR, ORNL,
was sponsored by the US DOE Scientific User Facilities Division,
Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, and BES.
NR 32
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 52
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 28
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 18
AR 184511
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.184511
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 154ED
UT WOS:000319653400008
ER
PT J
AU Eyring, V
Arblaster, JM
Cionni, I
Sedlacek, J
Perliwitz, J
Young, PJ
Bekki, S
Bergmann, D
Cameron-Smith, P
Collins, WJ
Faluvegi, G
Gottschaldt, KD
Horowitz, LW
Kinnison, DE
Lamarque, JF
Marsh, DR
Saint-Martin, D
Shindell, DT
Sudo, K
Szopa, S
Watanabe, S
AF Eyring, V.
Arblaster, J. M.
Cionni, I.
Sedlacek, J.
Perliwitz, J.
Young, P. J.
Bekki, S.
Bergmann, D.
Cameron-Smith, P.
Collins, W. J.
Faluvegi, G.
Gottschaldt, K. D.
Horowitz, L. W.
Kinnison, D. E.
Lamarque, J. F.
Marsh, D. R.
Saint-Martin, D.
Shindell, D. T.
Sudo, K.
Szopa, S.
Watanabe, S.
TI Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5
simulations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE CMIP5; stratospheric ozone; stratospheric temperature; zonal wind
changes; troposheric ozone; chemistry-climate coupling
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TRENDS; EARTH
SYSTEM MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; COUPLED MODEL;
GISS MODELE; SEA-ICE; AEROSOLS; GAS
AB Ozone changes and associated climate impacts in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations are analyzed over the historical (1960-2005) and future (2006-2100) period under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). In contrast to CMIP3, where half of the models prescribed constant stratospheric ozone, CMIP5 models all consider past ozone depletion and future ozone recovery. Multimodel mean climatologies and long-term changes in total and tropospheric column ozone calculated from CMIP5 models with either interactive or prescribed ozone are in reasonable agreement with observations. However, some large deviations from observations exist for individual models with interactive chemistry, and these models are excluded in the projections. Stratospheric ozone projections forced with a single halogen, but four greenhouse gas (GHG) scenarios show largest differences in the northern midlatitudes and in the Arctic in spring (approximate to 20 and 40 Dobson units (DU) by 2100, respectively). By 2050, these differences are much smaller and negligible over Antarctica in austral spring. Differences in future tropospheric column ozone are mainly caused by differences in methane concentrations and stratospheric input, leading to approximate to 10 DU increases compared to 2000 in RCP 8.5. Large variations in stratospheric ozone particularly in CMIP5 models with interactive chemistry drive correspondingly large variations in lower stratospheric temperature trends. The results also illustrate that future Southern Hemisphere summertime circulation changes are controlled by both the ozone recovery rate and the rate of GHG increases, emphasizing the importance of simulating and taking into account ozone forcings when examining future climate projections.
C1 [Eyring, V.; Gottschaldt, K. D.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atomosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Arblaster, J. M.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Arblaster, J. M.; Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. F.; Marsh, D. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cionni, I.] Energia Sviluppo Econ Sostenibile, Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol, Bologna, Italy.
[Sedlacek, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Perliwitz, J.; Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Perliwitz, J.; Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bekki, S.; Szopa, S.] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France.
[Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Collins, W. J.] Met Off Hadely Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Faluvegi, G.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA.
[Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Saint-Martin, D.] CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France.
[Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
[Watanabe, S.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atomosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de
RI Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Watanabe, Shingo/L-9689-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Arblaster,
Julie/C-1342-2010; Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Sedlacek,
Jan/B-2819-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Collins,
William/A-5895-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz,
Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Young,
Paul/E-8739-2010; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011
OI Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Watanabe,
Shingo/0000-0002-2228-0088; Gottschaldt, Klaus/0000-0002-2046-6137;
bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Arblaster,
Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363; Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442;
Sedlacek, Jan/0000-0002-6742-9130; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737;
Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Young,
Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Cameron-Smith,
Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627
NR 182
TC 79
Z9 80
U1 5
U2 60
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 5029
EP 5060
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50316
PG 32
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000081
ER
PT J
AU Timm, OE
Takahashi, M
Giambelluca, TW
Diaz, HF
AF Timm, Oliver Elison
Takahashi, Mami
Giambelluca, Thomas W.
Diaz, Henry F.
TI On the relation between large-scale circulation pattern and heavy rain
events over the Hawaiian Islands: Recent trends and future changes
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Regional Climate Change; Heavy Rain Events; Statistical Downscaling
ID PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; REANALYSIS; MODEL;
VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; PREDICTION; ENSEMBLE
AB The aim of this paper is to present a statistical downscaling method in which the relationships between present-day daily weather patterns and local rainfall data are derived and used to project future shifts in the frequency of heavy rainfall events under changing global climate conditions. National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data from wet season months (November to April) 1958-2010 are composited for heavy rain days at 12 rainfall stations in the Hawaiian Islands. The occurrence of heavy rain events (days with amounts above the 90th percentile estimated from all wet season rain days 1958-2010) was found to be strongly correlated with upper level cyclonic circulation anomalies centered northwest of Hawaii and south-to-north transport of water vapor in the middle troposphere. The statistical downscaling model (SD) developed in this study was able to reproduce the observed interannual variations in the number of heavy rain events based on cross-validation resampling during the more recent interval 1978-2010. However, multidecadal changes associated with the mid-1970s' climate shift were not well reproduced by the SD using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, likely due to inhomogenities in the presatellite period of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Application of the SD to two model scenarios from the CMIP3 database indicates a reduction of heavy rain events in the mid- to late 21st century. Based on these models, the likelihood of a widespread increase in synoptic heavy rain events in Hawaii as a result of anthropogenic climate change is low over the remainder of the century.
C1 [Timm, Oliver Elison] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Takahashi, Mami; Giambelluca, Thomas W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Timm, OE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd,POST Bldg 401, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM timm@hawaii.edu
OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780
FU Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through
the International Pacific Research Center; NOAA Office of Climate
Programs; U.S. Dept. of Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through
the Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative [F10AC00077]; State of
Hawai'i Commission on Water Resource Management [W912HZ-11-2-0035]; U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District
FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments
on the statistical interpretation of the cross-validation results.
O.E.T. is supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and
Technology (JAMSTEC) through its sponsorship of the International
Pacific Research Center. H. F. D. received support from the NOAA Office
of Climate Programs. The authors received support from the U.S. Dept. of
Interior, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Pacific Island
Climate Change Cooperative (F10AC00077), and by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Honolulu District, and the State of Hawai'i Commission on
Water Resource Management. (W912HZ-11-2-0035). This is International
Pacific Research Center contribution 961 and School of Ocean and Earth
Science and Technology contribution 8895. The information and opinions
represented in this article do not necessarily reflect the position or
policy of the governmental institutions and no official endorsement
should be inferred.
NR 51
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 4129
EP 4141
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50314
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000014
ER
PT J
AU Sun, BM
Reale, A
Schroeder, S
Seidel, DJ
Ballish, B
AF Sun, Bomin
Reale, Anthony
Schroeder, Steven
Seidel, Dian J.
Ballish, Bradley
TI Toward improved corrections for radiation-induced biases in radiosonde
temperature observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE corrections; radiosonde; COSMIC; temperature; biases
ID COMPLEX QUALITY-CONTROL; ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION; NATIONAL CENTERS;
PART II; OCCULTATION; HEIGHTS; CLIMATE; RECORDS; ERRORS
AB Radiation-induced biases in global operational radiosonde temperature data from May 2008 to August 2011 are examined by using spatially and temporally collocated Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) data as estimates of the truth. The data on average from most radiosonde types show a nighttime cold bias and a daytime warm bias relative to COSMIC. Most daytime biases increase with altitude and solar elevation angle (SEA). The global average biases in the 15-70hPa layer are -0.051.89K standard deviation (similar to 52,000 profiles) at night and 0.391.80K standard deviation (similar to 64,500 profiles) in daytime (SEA>7.5 degrees). Daytime warm biases associated with clouds are smaller than those under clear conditions. Newer sondes (post-2000) have smaller biases and appear to be less sensitive to effects of clouds. Biases at night show greater seasonal and zonal variations than those for daytime. In general, warm night biases are associated with warm climate regimes and less warm or cold night biases with cold climate regimes. Bias characteristics for 13 major radiosonde types are provided, as a basis for updating radiosonde corrections used in numerical weather predictions, for validating satellite retrievals, and for adjusting archived radiosonde data to create consistent climate records.
C1 [Sun, Bomin] NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Reale, Anthony] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Schroeder, Steven] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA.
[Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
[Ballish, Bradley] NOAA, NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
RP Sun, BM (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court,Off 2825, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM bomin.sun@noaa.gov
RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014
OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349
NR 41
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U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 4231
EP 4243
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50369
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000022
ER
PT J
AU Levy, H
Horowitz, LW
Schwarzkopf, MD
Ming, Y
Golaz, JC
Naik, V
Ramaswamy, V
AF Levy, Hiram, II
Horowitz, Larry W.
Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel
Ming, Yi
Golaz, Jean-Christophe
Naik, Vaishali
Ramaswamy, V.
TI The roles of aerosol direct and indirect effects in past and future
climate change
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosols; climate; indirect effect; climate model; climate change
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SEA-ICE; GASES;
PARAMETERIZATION; STABILIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; CLOUDS; ENERGY
AB Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL's) fully coupled chemistry-climate (ocean/atmosphere/land/sea ice) model (CM3) with an explicit physical representation of aerosol indirect effects (cloud-water droplet activation), we find that the dramatic emission reductions (35%-80%) in anthropogenic aerosols and their precursors projected by Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 result in similar to 1 degrees C of additional warming and similar to 0.1mmday(-1) of additional precipitation, both globally averaged, by the end of the 21st century. The impact of these reductions in aerosol emissions on simulated global mean surface temperature and precipitation becomes apparent by mid-21st century. Furthermore, we find that the aerosol emission reductions cause precipitation to increase in East and South Asia by similar to 1.0mmday(-1) through the second half of the 21st century. Both the temperature and the precipitation responses simulated by CM3 are significantly stronger than the responses previously simulated by our earlier climate model (CM2.1) that only considered direct radiative forcing by aerosols. We conclude that the indirect effects of sulfate aerosol greatly enhance the impacts of aerosols on surface temperature in CM3; both direct and indirect effects from sulfate aerosols dominate the strong precipitation response, possibly with a small contribution from carbonaceous aerosols. Just as we found with the previous GFDL model, CM3 produces surface warming patterns that are uncorrelated with the spatial distribution of 21st century changes in aerosol loading. However, the largest precipitation increases in CM3 are colocated with the region of greatest aerosol decrease, in and downwind of Asia.
C1 [Levy, Hiram, II; Horowitz, Larry W.; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel; Ming, Yi; Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Naik, Vaishali] UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Horowitz, LW (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM Larry.Horowitz@noaa.gov
RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Horowitz,
Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013
OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700
NR 70
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U2 46
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 4521
EP 4532
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50192
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000044
ER
PT J
AU Young, AH
Bates, JJ
Curry, JA
AF Young, Alisa H.
Bates, John J.
Curry, Judith A.
TI Application of cloud vertical structure from CloudSat to investigate
MODIS-derived cloud properties of cirriform, anvil, and deep convective
clouds
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE aqua MODIS; CloudSat; CALIPSO; cirriform; anvil clouds; deep convection
ID PRECIPITATING CLOUDS; TROPICS; SYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SATELLITE;
ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY; CLUSTERS; FLORIDA
AB CloudSat cloud vertical structure is combined with the CALIPSO Lidar and Collection-5 Level 2 cloud data from Aqua's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to investigate the mean properties of high/cirriform, anvil, and deep convective (DC) clouds. Cloud properties are sampled over 30 degrees S-30 degrees N for 1year and compared to existing results of Collection-4 Aqua MODIS high-level cloud observations where cloud types were categorized using the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud classification scheme. Results show high/cirriform sampled in this study have high biases in cloud top pressure and temperature due to CloudSat's sensitivity to thin high clouds. Mean cloud properties of DC show reasonable agreement with existing DC results notwithstanding mean cloud optical thickness which is similar to 23% higher due to the exclusion of thick cirrus and anvil clouds. Anvil cloud properties are a mix between high/cirriform and DC according to ISCCP cloud optical thickness thresholds whereby similar to 80% are associated with high/cirriform and the other 20% are associated with DC. The variability of cloud effective particle radii was also evaluated using DC with 5dBZ echoes at and above 10km. No evidence of larger cloud effective particle radii are given despite considering higher reaching echoes. Using ISCCP cloud optical thickness thresholds, similar to 25% of DC would be classified as cirrostratus clouds. These results provide a basis to evaluate the uncertainty of the ISCCP cloud classification scheme and MODIS-derived cloud properties using active satellite observations.
C1 [Young, Alisa H.; Bates, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Curry, Judith A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Young, AH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM alisa.young@noaa.gov
RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Young, Alisa/J-7900-2015
OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Young, Alisa/0000-0002-4310-0912
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Graduate Sciences
Program
FX The first author, A. Young would like to thank the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Graduate Sciences Program for their support
of this work and Deb Misch for graphics support.
NR 43
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 4689
EP 4699
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50306
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000055
ER
PT J
AU Fang, SX
Zhou, LX
Masarie, KA
Xu, L
Rella, CW
AF Fang, Shuang-Xi
Zhou, Ling-Xi
Masarie, Kenneth A.
Xu, Lin
Rella, Chris W.
TI Study of atmospheric CH4 mole fractions at three WMO/GAW stations in
China
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric CH4; observation; mole fraction; regional station; backward
trajectory
ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; METHANE OBSERVATIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; RICE FIELDS; GROWTH-RATE; MODEL; SITE; WALIGUAN; IMPACT
AB Atmospheric CH4 mole fractions were continuously measured from 2009 to 2011 at three WMO/GAW stations in China (Lin'an, LAN; Longfengshan, LFS; and Waliguan, WLG) using three Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy instruments. LAN and LFS are GAW regional measurement stations. LAN is located in China's most economically developed region, and LFS is in a rice production area (planting area>40,000 km(2)). WLG is a global measurement station in remote northwest China. At LAN, high methane mole fractions are observed in all seasons. Surface winds from the northeast enhance CH4 values, with a maximum increase of 3215 ppb in summer. The peak to peak amplitude of the seasonal cycle is 7735 ppb. At LFS, the diurnal cycle amplitude is approximately constant throughout the year except summer, when a value of 19665 ppb is observed. CH4 values at LFS reach their peak in July, which is different from seasonal variations typically observed in the northern hemisphere. CH4 mole fractions at WLG show both the smallest values and the lowest variability. Maximum values occur during summer, which is different from other northern hemisphere WMO/GAW global stations. The seasonal cycle amplitude is 1711 ppb. The linear growth rates at LAN, LFS, and WLG are 8.0 +/- 1.2, 7.9 +/- 0.9, and 9.4 +/- 0.2 ppb yr(-1), respectively, which are all larger than the global mean over the same 3year period. Results from this study attempt to improve our basic understanding of observed atmospheric CH4 in China.
C1 [Fang, Shuang-Xi; Zhou, Ling-Xi; Xu, Lin] China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Masarie, Kenneth A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Rella, Chris W.] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA.
RP Zhou, LX (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhoulx@cams.cma.gov.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175116]; National Key
Basic Research Program [2010CB950601]; International S&T Cooperation
Program of the MOST [2011DFA21090]; CMA operational fund
FX We express our great thanks to the staff at Lin'an, Longfengshan and
Waliguan station who have contributed to the system installation and
maintenance at the stations. This work is supported by National Natural
Science Foundation of China (No. 41175116), the National Key Basic
Research Program (No. 2010CB950601), the International S&T Cooperation
Program of the MOST (No. 2011DFA21090), and the CMA operational fund.
The data used in this study from Chinese stations will be available for
public within the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) policy.
NR 47
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U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 4874
EP 4886
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50284
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000068
ER
PT J
AU Peischl, J
Ryerson, TB
Brioude, J
Aikin, KC
Andrews, AE
Atlas, E
Blake, D
Daube, BC
de Gouw, JA
Dlugokencky, E
Frost, GJ
Gentner, DR
Gilman, JB
Goldstein, AH
Harley, RA
Holloway, JS
Kofler, J
Kuster, WC
Lang, PM
Novelli, PC
Santoni, GW
Trainer, M
Wofsy, SC
Parrish, DD
AF Peischl, J.
Ryerson, T. B.
Brioude, J.
Aikin, K. C.
Andrews, A. E.
Atlas, E.
Blake, D.
Daube, B. C.
de Gouw, J. A.
Dlugokencky, E.
Frost, G. J.
Gentner, D. R.
Gilman, J. B.
Goldstein, A. H.
Harley, R. A.
Holloway, J. S.
Kofler, J.
Kuster, W. C.
Lang, P. M.
Novelli, P. C.
Santoni, G. W.
Trainer, M.
Wofsy, S. C.
Parrish, D. D.
TI Quantifying sources of methane using light alkanes in the Los Angeles
basin, California
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE methane; alkanes; emission; Los Angeles
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; EMISSION INVENTORIES;
AIR-QUALITY; OZONE; IMPACT; PLUME; GAS; CO2
AB Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and C-2-C-5 alkanes were measured throughout the Los Angeles (L.A.) basin in May and June 2010. We use these data to show that the emission ratios of CH4/CO and CH4/CO2 in the L.A. basin are larger than expected from population-apportioned bottom-up state inventories, consistent with previously published work. We use experimentally determined CH4/CO and CH4/CO2 emission ratios in combination with annual State of California CO and CO2 inventories to derive a yearly emission rate of CH4 to the L.A. basin. We further use the airborne measurements to directly derive CH4 emission rates from dairy operations in Chino, and from the two largest landfills in the L.A. basin, and show these sources are accurately represented in the California Air Resources Board greenhouse gas inventory for CH4. We then use measurements of C-2-C-5 alkanes to quantify the relative contribution of other CH4 sources in the L.A. basin, with results differing from those of previous studies. The atmospheric data are consistent with the majority of CH4 emissions in the region coming from fugitive losses from natural gas in pipelines and urban distribution systems and/or geologic seeps, as well as landfills and dairies. The local oil and gas industry also provides a significant source of CH4 in the area. The addition of CH4 emissions from natural gas pipelines and urban distribution systems and/or geologic seeps and from the local oil and gas industry is sufficient to account for the differences between the top-down and bottom-up CH4 inventories identified in previously published work.
C1 [Peischl, J.; Brioude, J.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Kofler, J.; Kuster, W. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Brioude, J.; Aikin, K. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Kuster, W. C.; Trainer, M.; Parrish, D. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Andrews, A. E.; Dlugokencky, E.; Kofler, J.; Lang, P. M.; Novelli, P. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA.
[Blake, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Daube, B. C.; Santoni, G. W.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Daube, B. C.; Santoni, G. W.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Gentner, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Harley, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Peischl, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM jeff.peischl@noaa.gov
RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Brioude,
Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Aikin,
Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Parrish,
David/E-8957-2010; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Andrews,
Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson,
Tom/C-9611-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015
OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948;
de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101;
Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Parrish,
David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588;
Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594;
FU NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry,
Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program
FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere
Program and by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate
Program. We thank Larry Hunsaker of CARB for landfill CH4
emission data and Stephanie Detwiler of CARB for the updated bottom-up
oil and gas inventory data.
NR 39
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U1 10
U2 56
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 4974
EP 4990
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50413
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000075
ER
PT J
AU Gaston, CJ
Quinn, PK
Bates, TS
Gilman, JB
Bon, DM
Kuster, WC
Prather, KA
AF Gaston, Cassandra J.
Quinn, Patricia K.
Bates, Timothy S.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Bon, Daniel M.
Kuster, William C.
Prather, Kimberly A.
TI The impact of shipping, agricultural, and urban emissions on single
particle chemistry observed aboard the R/V Atlantis during CalNex
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE aerosol composition; single particle; mass spectrometry; air pollution;
CalNex
ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MARINE
BOUNDARY-LAYER; PM2.5 SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS; BIOMASS-BURNING AEROSOLS;
SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; MIXING STATE;
CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES
AB The Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field campaign was undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the regional impacts of different pollution sources in California. As part of this study, real-time shipboard measurements were made of the size-resolved, single-particle mixing state of submicron and supermicron particles (0.2-3.0 mu m aerodynamic diameter) along the California coast where major differences were noted between Southern and Northern California. In Southern California, particles containing soot made up the largest fraction of submicron particles (similar to 38% on average and up to similar to 89% by number), whereas organic carbon particles comprised the largest fraction of submicron number concentrations (similar to 29% on average and up to similar to 78% by number) in Northern California including the Sacramento area. The mixing state of these carbonaceous particle types varied during the cruise with sulfate being more prevalent on soot-containing particles in Southern California due to the influence of fresh shipping and port emissions in addition to contributions from marine biogenic emissions. Contributions from secondary organic aerosol species, including amines, and nitrate were more prevalent in Northern California, as well as during time periods impacted by agricultural emissions (e.g., from the inland Riverside and Central Valley regions). These regional differences and changes in the mixing state and sources of particles have implications for heterogeneous reactivity, water uptake, and cloud-nucleating abilities for aerosols in California.
C1 [Gaston, Cassandra J.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Gilman, Jessica B.; Bon, Daniel M.; Kuster, William C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gilman, Jessica B.; Bon, Daniel M.; Kuster, William C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Prather, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM kprather@ucsd.edu
RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Bates,
Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman,
Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895;
FU California Air Resources Board (CARB); Aerosol Chemistry and Climate
Institute at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
FX The authors would like to thank Derek Coffman, Drew Hamilton, and the
entire crew of the R/V Atlantis for assistance during the CalNex field
campaign. Chris Cappa is acknowledged for assistance with filtering out
ship exhaust time periods. Dan Cziczo is acknowledged for assistance
prior to the CalNex campaign. We gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air
Resources Laboratory for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport model
and READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php) used in this
publication. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Southern
California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS) (www.sccoos.org/) for
the provision of harmful algal bloom data used in this publication. Eric
J. Williams and Brian Lerner are acknowledged for use of NOx
and NOy data onboard the R/V Atlantis. The entire Prather
group is acknowledged for helpful comments and discussion. The authors
would like to thank anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and
comments. C.J.G. was funded through the Aerosol Chemistry and Climate
Institute at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This work was funded
by the California Air Resources Board (CARB).
NR 109
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 31
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 5003
EP 5017
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50427
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000077
ER
PT J
AU Warneke, C
de Gouw, JA
Edwards, PM
Holloway, JS
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
Graus, M
Atlas, E
Blake, D
Gentner, DR
Goldstein, AH
Harley, RA
Alvarez, S
Rappenglueck, B
Trainer, M
Parrish, DD
AF Warneke, Carsten
de Gouw, Joost A.
Edwards, Peter M.
Holloway, John S.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Kuster, William C.
Graus, Martin
Atlas, Elliot
Blake, Don
Gentner, Drew R.
Goldstein, Allen H.
Harley, Robert A.
Alvarez, Sergio
Rappenglueck, Bernhard
Trainer, Michael
Parrish, David D.
TI Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles
basin: Weekday-weekend effect
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Spatial and temporal photochemical processing in Los Angeles; VOC
weekday-weekend effect; Faster photochemistry in weekends
ID MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; COAST AIR BASIN; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION;
NITROGEN-OXIDES; OZONE; CALIFORNIA; FORMALDEHYDE; GASOLINE; REACTIVITY;
ATMOSPHERE
AB During the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) field study in May-June 2010, measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed in the Los Angeles (LA) basin onboard a NOAA research aircraft and at a ground site located in Pasadena. A weekday-weekend effect in ozone, caused by lower NOx emissions due to reduced diesel truck traffic in the weekends, has been previously observed in Los Angeles and other cities. Measurements in the Caldecott tunnel show that emission ratios of VOCs do not vary with the day of the week, but measurements during CalNex2010 show a VOC weekday-weekend effect through faster photochemical processing at lower ambient NOx mixing ratios. Ambient VOC enhancement ratios of long-lived species such as benzene are the same between weekdays and weekends, whereas enhancement ratios of short-lived species, such as trimethyl benzene, are up to a factor of three lower on weekends. Based upon the observed differences in VOC enhancement ratios to CO, we determine that photochemical processing was on average 65%-75% faster on weekends during CalNex2010, which indicates that ambient OH radical concentrations were larger by this factor causing the observed change in VOC composition. A box model calculation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was used to verify the increase in photochemical processing in the weekends.
C1 [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Edwards, Peter M.; Holloway, John S.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Graus, Martin; Trainer, Michael; Parrish, David D.] NOAA, ESRL, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Edwards, Peter M.; Holloway, John S.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Graus, Martin] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA.
[Atlas, Elliot] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA.
[Blake, Don] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
[Gentner, Drew R.; Goldstein, Allen H.; Harley, Robert A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Alvarez, Sergio; Rappenglueck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA.
RP Warneke, C (reprint author), NOAA, 325 Broadway R CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015;
Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Harley,
Robert/C-9177-2016; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Goldstein,
Allen/A-6857-2011; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Kuster,
William/E-7421-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Edwards,
Peter/H-5236-2013
OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917;
Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Goldstein,
Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Kuster,
William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242;
Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 8
U2 50
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 5018
EP 5028
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50423
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000078
ER
PT J
AU Krol, MC
Hooghiemstra, PB
van Leeuwen, TT
van der Werf, GR
Novelli, PC
Deeter, MN
Aben, I
Rockmann, T
AF Krol, M. C.
Hooghiemstra, P. B.
van Leeuwen, T. T.
van der Werf, G. R.
Novelli, P. C.
Deeter, M. N.
Aben, I.
Rockmann, T.
TI Correction to "Interannual variability of carbon monoxide emission
estimates over South America from 2006 to 2010"
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Inverse Modeling; CO emission estimate; South America; biomass burning
C1 [Krol, M. C.; Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Aben, I.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, M. C.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands.
[van Leeuwen, T. T.; van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Novelli, P. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Deeter, M. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Krol, MC (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Princetonpl 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
EM m.c.krol@uu.nl
RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; van der Werf,
Guido/M-8260-2016; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016
OI Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; van der Werf,
Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518
FU Dutch User Support Programme [GO-AO/05]
FX This research was supported by the Dutch User Support Programme
2006-2010 under project GO-AO/05. The Dutch National Computer Facility
(NCF) is acknowledged for computer resources. S. Houweling and S. Basu
are acknowledged for helpful discussions and support.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 10
BP 5061
EP 5064
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50389
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 229NB
UT WOS:000325272000079
ER
PT J
AU Forbes, TP
Brewer, TM
Gillen, G
AF Forbes, Thomas P.
Brewer, Tim M.
Gillen, Greg
TI Primary and secondary droplet and charge transmission characteristics of
desorption electro-flow focusing ionization
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPLOSIVES; DYNAMICS;
SURFACES
AB We present the investigation of droplet charging and charge transmission characteristics of an electro-flow focusing nozzle for desorption-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The electro-flow focusing geometry utilizes a concentrically flowing gas to focus a charged solvent stream through a small orifice, generating a steady liquid jet and charged droplet stream that impinges and ionizes the analyte and surface. Transmitted current measurements and a scaling analysis were incorporated to decouple analyte desorption and ionization from secondary droplet charging and to identify the regimes of operation, secondary droplet charge transport characteristics, and parameters limiting transmitted charge relevant for ambient ionization mass spectrometry.
C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.; Brewer, Tim M.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov
RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014
OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514
FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security [IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024]; National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
FX The authors thank Professor Alfonso Ganan-Calvo at the University of
Seville for his informative and stimulating discussion. The authors also
thank Matthew Staymates and Justin Gerber at the National Institute of
Standards and Technology for their technical help in developing the
current measuring LabVIEW code and helpful measurements, respectively.
Certain commercial products are identified in order to adequately
specify the procedure; this does not imply endorsement or recommendation
by NIST, nor does it imply that such products are necessarily the best
available for the purpose. The Science and Technology Directorate of the
U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored a portion of the
production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA
HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST).
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 27
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 21
AR 214102
DI 10.1063/1.4807789
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 167GV
UT WOS:000320620400089
ER
PT J
AU Lee, J
Stone, MB
Huq, A
Yildirim, T
Ehlers, G
Mizuguchi, Y
Miura, O
Takano, Y
Deguchi, K
Demura, S
Lee, SH
AF Lee, J.
Stone, M. B.
Huq, A.
Yildirim, T.
Ehlers, G.
Mizuguchi, Y.
Miura, O.
Takano, Y.
Deguchi, K.
Demura, S.
Lee, S. -H.
TI Crystal structure, lattice vibrations, and superconductivity of
LaO1-xFxBiS2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
AB Neutron scattering measurements have been performed on polycrystalline samples of the newly discovered layered superconductor LaO0.5F0.5BiS2 and its nonsuperconducting parent compound LaOBiS2. The crystal structures and vibrational modes have been examined. Bragg peaks from the superconducting sample exhibit pronounced broadening compared to those from the nonsuperconducting sample. In the inelastic measurements, a large difference in the high-energy phonon modes was observed upon F doping. Alternatively, the low-energy modes remain almost unchanged between nonsuperconducting and superconducting states either by F doping or by cooling through the transition temperature. Using density functional perturbation theory we identify the phonon modes and estimate the phonon density of states. We compare these calculations to the current measurements and other theoretical studies of this new superconducting material.
C1 [Lee, J.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Stone, M. B.; Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Huq, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Yildirim, T.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mizuguchi, Y.; Miura, O.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
[Mizuguchi, Y.; Takano, Y.; Deguchi, K.; Demura, S.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan.
RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; yildirim,
taner/A-1290-2009; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008;
Lee, Jooseop/A-5631-2016; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012
OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Takano,
Yoshihiko/0000-0002-1541-6928; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649; Ehlers,
Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Lee, Jooseop/0000-0002-4413-5412;
FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences
(BES), US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-10ER46384]; Scientific
User Facilities Division
FX These research activities at the University of Virginia and the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source were sponsored by
the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy
Sciences (BES), US Department of Energy (DOE) under Award No.
DE-FG02-10ER46384, and by the Scientific User Facilities Division,
respectively.
NR 31
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 54
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 24
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 20
AR 205134
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.205134
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 150LL
UT WOS:000319391800003
ER
PT J
AU Herm, ZR
Wiers, BM
Mason, JA
van Baten, JM
Hudson, MR
Zajdel, P
Brown, CM
Masciocchi, N
Krishna, R
Long, JR
AF Herm, Zoey R.
Wiers, Brian M.
Mason, Jarad A.
van Baten, Jasper M.
Hudson, Matthew R.
Zajdel, Pawel
Brown, Craig M.
Masciocchi, Norberto
Krishna, Rajamani
Long, Jeffrey R.
TI Separation of Hexane Isomers in a Metal-Organic Framework with
Triangular Channels
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROCARBON SEPARATIONS; BRANCHED ALKANES; METHANE STORAGE;
ZEOLITE-BETA; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; SORPTION; SELECTIVITY; PARAFFINS;
PELLETS
AB Metal-organic frameworks can offer pore geometries that are not available in zeolites or other porous media, facilitating distinct types of shape-based molecular separations. Here, we report Fe-2(BDP)(3) (BDP2- = 1,4-benzenedipyrazotate), a highly stable framework with triangular channels that effect the separation of hexane isomers according to the degree of branching. Consistent with the varying abilities of the isomers to wedge along the triangular corners of the structure, adsorption isotherms and calculated isosteric heats indicate an adsorption selectivity order of n-hexane > 2-methytpentane > 3-methytpentane > 2,3-dimethytbutane approximate to 2,2-dimethytbutane. A breakthrough experiment performed at 160 degrees C with an eguimotar mixture of all five molecules confirms that the dibranched isomers elute first from a bed packed with Fe-2(BDP)(3), followed by the monobranched isomers and finally linear n-hexane. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations confirm the origins of the molecular separation.
C1 [Herm, Zoey R.; Wiers, Brian M.; Mason, Jarad A.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[van Baten, Jasper M.; Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zajdel, Pawel] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
[Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Masciocchi, Norberto] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci & Alta Tecnol, I-22100 Como, Italy.
RP Krishna, R (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM r.krishna@uva.nl; jrlong@berkeley.edu
RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Krishna,
Rajamani/A-1098-2012; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; Brown,
Craig/B-5430-2009; Masciocchi, Norberto/K-4400-2015
OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; Krishna,
Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355;
Masciocchi, Norberto/0000-0001-9921-2350
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship program; Cariplo
Foundation [2011-0289]
FX This research was supported through the Center for Gas Separations
Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an I Energy Frontier Research
Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DE-SC0001015. We thank G.
Chita (Institute of Crystallography National Research Council, Bari,
Italy) for assistance during x-ray powder diffraction data collection.
M.R.H. acknowledges the support of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship
program. N.M. thanks the Cariplo Foundation (2011-0289) for partial
funding. Z.R.H. thanks P. J. Fischer for meaningful discussions and E.
D. Bloch for experimental assistance. Additional data described in this
paper are presented in the supplementary materials. Metrical data for
the solid-state structure of Fe2(BDP)3 is
available free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre
under reference number CCDC 915106. The authors and the University of
California, Berkeley have filed a patent on some of the results
presented herein.
NR 38
TC 180
Z9 182
U1 19
U2 299
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 24
PY 2013
VL 340
IS 6135
BP 960
EP 964
DI 10.1126/science.1234071
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 149TK
UT WOS:000319344100042
PM 23704568
ER
PT J
AU Ma, X
Zangmeister, CD
Zachariah, MR
AF Ma, X.
Zangmeister, C. D.
Zachariah, M. R.
TI Soot Oxidation Kinetics: A Comparison Study of Two Tandem Ion-Mobility
Methods
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ZONE II TRANSITION; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
ANALYSIS; COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS; NANOPARTICLE OXIDATION;
DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; MASS ANALYSIS; DENSITY; CARBON
AB The oxidation kinetics of laboratory-generated soot particles has undergone extensive studies because of its importance in combustion-generated emissions and their control. In this study, we employed and compared two tandem ion-mobility methods, a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) and a differential mobility analyzer aerosol particle mass analyzer (DMA-APM), to resolve the oxidation kinetics of soot. Whereas the TDMA method measures changes in particle mobility (i.e., size) from which a mass-based reaction rate can be inferred, the DMA-APM is a direct determination of particle mass change. We monitored the structure evolution of soot during oxidation by determining the mass-mobility scaling exponent of the particle population and found that soot structural changes due to oxidative sintering can perturb and corrupt the apparent reaction kinetics extracted from the TDMA method and suggest that the DMA-APM method probably is a more reliable approach to pursue such measurements. By combining the mass change data from DMA-APM with size change data from TDMA, we obtained the material density and primary particle size of soot aggregates during oxidation. Two reaction regimes were identified with oxidation fully penetrating the particle at low temperatures and partial penetration at high temperatures. The activation energies were determined for the two reaction regimes to be 79 and 201 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The results should be useful in designing soot oxidation abatement units.
C1 [Ma, X.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Ma, X.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Ma, X.; Zangmeister, C. D.; Zachariah, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM mrz@umd.edu
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 23
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 20
BP 10723
EP 10729
DI 10.1021/jp400477v
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 154CP
UT WOS:000319649400057
ER
PT J
AU Cavicchi, RE
Meier, DC
Presser, C
Prabhu, VM
Guha, S
AF Cavicchi, Richard E.
Meier, Douglas C.
Presser, Cary
Prabhu, Vivek M.
Guha, Suvajyoti
TI Single Laser Pulse Effects on Suspended-Au-Nanoparticle Size
Distributions and Morphology
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; PHOTOTHERMAL CANCER-THERAPY; GOLD
NANOPARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; METAL NANOPARTICLES; INDUCED
AGGREGATION; HEAT DISSIPATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LIVING CELLS;
TUMOR-CELLS
AB Samples of suspended gold nanoparticles in the diameter range 10 to 100 nm were subjected to a single 7 ns pulse from a 532 nm laser to determine the effect of laser power on particle size distribution, mean size, and morphology. The experimental techniques used were dynamic light scattering (DLS), depolarized dynamic light scattering (DDLS), electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For 60 nm particles, a laser pulse of fluence 10 mJ/cm(2) was sufficient to produce observable changes. In the range 10-72 mJ/cm(2), DLS indicated little change in mean particle size but a more than three-fold reduction in the polydispersity index (significantly tightened distribution) and a decrease in scattering intensity. TEM showed that the particles became highly spherical and that there was a growing population of particles <10 nm in size that could not be detected by DLS and ES-DMA. Fused dimers were also observed, which suggest that heated particles can interact prior to cooling. DDLS showed a decrease in scattering due to shape anisotropy with a 20 mJ/cm(2) pulse and a decrease in the diffusion time constant. At higher power, the mean particle size decreased until all particles were <10 nm in size. The threshold for observable changes decreased with increasing particle size in the range 10 to 60 nm but increased for 100 nm particles. These results will be useful for potential therapeutic applications for pulse-heated nanoparticles and demonstrate the use of a simple laser treatment for modifying and improving nanoparticle properties.
C1 [Cavicchi, Richard E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Cavicchi, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rcavicchi@verizon.net
OI Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721
NR 75
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 43
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 23
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 20
BP 10866
EP 10875
DI 10.1021/jp4041502
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 154CP
UT WOS:000319649400074
ER
PT J
AU Jachymski, K
Krych, M
Julienne, PS
Idziaszek, Z
AF Jachymski, Krzysztof
Krych, Michal
Julienne, Paul S.
Idziaszek, Zbigniew
TI Quantum Theory of Reactive Collisions for 1/r(n) Potentials
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; DEFECT ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; RESONANCES;
BEHAVIOR; ATOMS
AB We develop a general quantum theory for reactive collisions involving power-law potentials (-1/r(n)) valid from the ultracold up to the high-temperature limit. Our quantum defect framework extends the conventional capture models to include the nonuniversal case when the short-range reaction probability P-re < 1. We present explicit analytical formulas as well as numerical studies for the van der Waals (n = 6) and polarization (n = 4) potentials. Our model agrees well with recent merged beam experiments on Penning ionization, spanning collision energies from 10 mK to 30 K [Henson et al., Science 338, 234 (2012)].
C1 [Jachymski, Krzysztof; Krych, Michal; Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
[Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jachymski, K (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012;
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Jachymski,
Krzysztof/0000-0002-9080-0989
FU Foundation for Polish Science International PhD Projects; TEAM
programmes; EU European Regional Development Fund; National Center for
Science [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/02030, DEC-2012/07/N/ST2/02879]; AFOSR MURI
[FA9550-09-1-0617]
FX We thank E. Narevicius for discussions and for providing experimental
data. This work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science
International PhD Projects and TEAM programmes cofinanced by the EU
European Regional Development Fund, National Center for Science Grants
No. DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/02030 and No. DEC-2012/07/N/ST2/02879 and AFOSR
MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0617.
NR 37
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 32
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 23
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 21
AR 213202
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.213202
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 150IS
UT WOS:000319384400007
PM 23745870
ER
PT J
AU Xu, T
Agrawal, A
Abashin, M
Chau, KJ
Lezec, HJ
AF Xu, Ting
Agrawal, Amit
Abashin, Maxim
Chau, Kenneth J.
Lezec, Henri J.
TI All-angle negative refraction and active flat lensing of ultraviolet
light
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID INDEX METAMATERIALS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SUPERLENS
AB Decades ago, Veselago(1) predicted that a material with simultaneously negative electric and magnetic polarization responses would yield a 'left-handed' medium in which light propagates with opposite phase and energy velocities-a condition described by a negative refractive index. He proposed that a flat slab of left-handed material possessing an isotropic refractive index of 21 could act like an imaging lens in free space. Left-handed materials do not occur naturally, and it has only recently become possible to achieve a left-handed response using metamaterials, that is, electromagnetic structures engineered on subwavelength scales to elicit tailored polarization responses. So far, left-handed responses have typically been implemented using resonant metamaterials composed of periodic arrays of unit cells containing inductive-capacitive resonators and conductive wires. Negative refractive indices that are isotropic in two(2) or three(3) dimensions at microwave frequencies have been achieved in resonant metamaterials with centimetre-scale features. Scaling the left-handed response to higher frequencies, such as infrared or visible, has been done by shrinking critical dimensions to submicrometre scales by means of top-down nanofabrication(4). This miniaturization has, however, so far been achieved at the cost of reduced unit-cell symmetry, yielding a refractive index that is negative along only one axis. Moreover, lithographic scaling limits have so far precluded the fabrication of resonant metamaterials with left-handed responses at frequencies beyond the visible(5). Here we report the experimental implementation of a bulk metamaterial with a left-handed response to ultraviolet light. The structure, based on stacked plasmonic waveguides(6), yields an omnidirectional left-handed response for transverse magnetic polarization characterized by a negative refractive index. By engineering the structure to have a refractive index close to -1 over a broad angular range, we achieve Veselago flat lensing, in free space, of arbitrarily shaped, two-dimensional objects beyond the near field. We further demonstrate active, all-optical modulation of the image transferred by the flat lens.
C1 [Xu, Ting; Agrawal, Amit; Abashin, Maxim; Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Xu, Ting; Abashin, Maxim] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Agrawal, Amit] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Chau, Kenneth J.] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
RP Lezec, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hlezec@nist.gov
RI Xu, Ting/D-3921-2013; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009
OI Xu, Ting/0000-0002-2008-7049; Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603
FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]
FX We thank A. Liddle, K. Srinivasan, R. McMichael, A. Nahata and S. Blair
for discussions. We also thank the staff from CNST NanoFab for technical
support. T. X. and M. A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative
Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National
Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and
Technology, award number 70NANB10H193, through the University of
Maryland.
NR 30
TC 110
Z9 110
U1 19
U2 251
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
EI 1476-4687
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAY 23
PY 2013
VL 497
IS 7450
BP 470
EP 474
DI 10.1038/nature12158
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 148OG
UT WOS:000319254000043
PM 23698446
ER
PT J
AU Bigford, TE
AF Bigford, Thomas E.
TI Habitat Connects Us All
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM thomas.bigford@noaa.gov
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
EI 1548-8446
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY 22
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 5
BP 196
EP 196
DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.792608
PG 1
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 255IZ
UT WOS:000327233900003
ER
PT J
AU Oliver, MJ
Breece, MW
Fox, DA
Haulsee, DE
Kohut, JT
Manderson, J
Savoy, T
AF Oliver, Matthew J.
Breece, Matthew W.
Fox, Dewayne A.
Haulsee, Danielle E.
Kohut, Josh T.
Manderson, John
Savoy, Tom
TI Shrinking the Haystack: Using an AUV in an Integrated Ocean Observatory
to Map Atlantic Sturgeon in the Coastal Ocean
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; PERSPECTIVE
AB Physical processes in the coastal Mid-Atlantic create a complex and dynamic seascape. Understanding how coastal fishes respond to this complexity has been a major motivation in establishing coastal biotelemetry arrays. Most coastal arrays maximize the probability offish detection by positioning hydrophones near geophysical bottlenecks. The development of a real-time ocean observatory allows for synchronous mapping of dynamic hydrographic structures important to coastal fishes. These observations provide important context for interpreting the impact of oceanographic features on the behavior of telemetered animals. In a proofofconcept mission, we deployed a Slocum glider in a real-time ocean observatory to demonstrate how mobile listening assets could be dynamically reallocated in response to the mesoscale physics of the coastal ocean. The Slocum glider detected four Atlantic Sturgeon Acipencer oxyrinchus oxyrinchus that were in a shallow, well-mixed, and relatively warm and fresh water mass in a region of historic Atlantic Sturgeon bycatch.
C1 [Oliver, Matthew J.; Breece, Matthew W.; Haulsee, Danielle E.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Lewes, DE 19958 USA.
[Fox, Dewayne A.] Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA.
[Kohut, Josh T.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Manderson, John] NEFSC NMFS NOAA, Ecosyst Proc Div, James J Howard Marine Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
[Savoy, Tom] Conneticut Dept Energy & Environm Protect, Hartford, CT 06106 USA.
RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, 700 Pilottown Rd, Lewes, DE 19958 USA.
EM moliver@udel.edu
FU DuPont Clear Into the Future Program; NOAA-NMFS Species Recovery Grants
to States; NOAA-NMFS NERO Office of Protected Resources; MARA-COOS
project through the NOAA IOOS program office [NA07NOS4730221]
FX These efforts were only possible with funding support provided by
Charles and Pat Robertson, the DuPont Clear Into the Future Program, and
NOAA-NMFS Species Recovery Grants to States and NOAA-NMFS NERO Office of
Protected Resources. Ocean observing data were provided by the MARA-COOS
project funded through the NOAA IOOS program office (NA07NOS4730221).
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 22
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
EI 1548-8446
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY 22
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 5
BP 210
EP 216
DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.782861
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 255IZ
UT WOS:000327233900005
ER
PT J
AU Moyle, PB
Kiernan, JD
Crain, PK
Quinones, RM
AF Moyle, Peter B.
Kiernan, Joseph D.
Crain, Patrick K.
Quinones, Rebecca M.
TI Climate Change Vulnerability of Native and Alien Freshwater Fishes of
California: A Systematic Assessment Approach
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-FRANCISCO ESTUARY; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS; STREAMS;
DECLINE; THREATS
AB Freshwater fishes are highly vulnerable to human-caused climate change. Because quantitative data on status and trends are unavailable for most fish species, a systematic assessment approach that incorporates expert knowledge was developed to determine status and future vulnerability to climate change of freshwater fishes in California, USA. The method uses expert knowledge, supported by literature reviews of status and biology of the fishes, to score ten metrics for both (1) current status of each species (baseline vulnerability to extinction) and (2) likely future impacts of climate change (vulnerability to extinction). Baseline and climate change vulnerability scores were derived for 121 native and 43 alien fish species. The two scores were highly correlated and were concordant among different scorers. Native species had both greater baseline and greater climate change vulnerability than did alien species. Fifty percent of California's native fish fauna was assessed as having critical or high baseline vulnerability to extinction whereas all alien species were classified as being less or least vulnerable. For vulnerability to climate change, 82% of native species were classified as highly vulnerable, compared with only 19% for aliens. Predicted climate change effects on freshwater environments will dramatically change the fish fauna of California. Most native fishes will suffer population declines and become more restricted in their distributions; some will likely be driven to extinction. Fishes requiring cold water (<22 degrees C) are particularly likely to go extinct. In contrast, most alien fishes will thrive, with some species increasing in abundance and range. However, a few alien species will likewise be negatively affected through loss of aquatic habitats during severe droughts and physiologically stressful conditions present in most waterways during summer. Our method has high utility for predicting vulnerability to climate change of diverse fish species. It should be useful for setting conservation priorities in many different regions.
C1 [Moyle, Peter B.; Kiernan, Joseph D.; Crain, Patrick K.; Quinones, Rebecca M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Moyle, Peter B.; Kiernan, Joseph D.; Crain, Patrick K.; Quinones, Rebecca M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Kiernan, Joseph D.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Crain, Patrick K.] ICF Int, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Quinones, Rebecca M.] Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Aquat Systembiol, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.
RP Moyle, PB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM pbmoyle@ucdavis.edu
FU California Energy Commission
FX Funding for this work was provided by the California Energy Commission.
The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. An earlier
version of the manuscript is available as a report (CEC-500-2012-028) at
http://www.energy.ca.gov/publications.
NR 30
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 72
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 22
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 5
AR e63883
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0063883
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 163UP
UT WOS:000320362700075
PM 23717503
ER
PT J
AU Flater, D
Guthrie, WF
AF Flater, David
Guthrie, William F.
TI A Case Study of Performance Degradation Attributable to Run-Time Bounds
Checks on C++ Vector Access
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bounds checking; buffer overflow; C; C plus; performance; security
AB Programmers routinely omit run-time safety checks from applications because they assume that these safety checks would degrade performance. The simplest example is the use of arrays or array-like data structures that do not enforce the constraint that indices must be within bounds. This report documents an attempt to measure the performance penalty incurred by two different implementations of bounds-checking in C and C++ using a simple benchmark and a desktop PC with a modern superscalar CPU. The benchmark consisted of a loop that wrote to array elements in sequential order. With this configuration, relative to the best performance observed for any access method in C or C++, mean degradation of only (0.881 +/- 0.009) % was measured for a standard bounds-checking access method in C++. This case study showed the need for further work to develop and refine measurement methods and to perform more comparisons of this type. Comparisons across different use cases, configurations, programming languages, and environments are needed to determine under what circumstances (if any) the performance advantage of unchecked access is actually sufficient to outweigh the negative consequences for security and software quality.
C1 [Flater, David] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Guthrie, William F.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Flater, D (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.flater@nist.gov; william.guthrie@nist.gov
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY 22
PY 2013
VL 118
BP 260
EP 279
DI 10.6028/jres.118.012
PG 20
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 154KC
UT WOS:000319672900001
PM 26401432
ER
PT J
AU Eckel, S
Hamilton, P
Kirilov, E
Smith, HW
DeMille, D
AF Eckel, S.
Hamilton, P.
Kirilov, E.
Smith, H. W.
DeMille, D.
TI Search for the electron electric dipole moment using Omega-doublet
levels in PbO
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTROSCOPY; AMPLIFIER; SYSTEM; STATE; MODEL
AB We present results of an experiment to probe for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron using an Omega-doublet state in a polar molecule. If the molecule is both massive and has a large molecular-fixed frame dipole moment, then the Omega-doublet states have the potential to greatly increase the sensitivity of experiments searching for the EDM while also allowing for new methods of systematic error rejection. Here, we use the metastable a(1)(3)Sigma(+) state of lead monoxide (PbO) to probe for the electron EDM. Our best fit for the electron EDM of d(e) = (-4.4 +/- 9.5(stat) +/- 1.8(syst)) x 10(-27)e cm allows us to place an upper limit on the magnitude of the EDM of vertical bar de vertical bar < 1.7 x 10(-26)e cm (90% confidence). While this is less stringent than limits from other, previous experiments, our work emphasizes the systematic error rejection properties associated with the Omega-doublet level structure. The results should inform the work of other, ongoing experiments that use molecules with analogous level structure.
C1 [Eckel, S.; Hamilton, P.; Kirilov, E.; Smith, H. W.; DeMille, D.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Eckel, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stephen.eckel@aya.yale.edu; david.demille@yale.edu
RI Eckel, Stephen/K-5215-2014; Hamilton, Paul/E-7891-2015
OI Eckel, Stephen/0000-0002-8887-0320; Hamilton, Paul/0000-0001-6080-632X
FU National Science Foundation
FX The authors thank S. K. Lamoreaux and A. O. Sushkov for useful
discussions; S. Bickman, Y. Jiang, F. Bay, and D. Kawall for earlier
contributions to the development of the experiment, and B. O'Leary for
useful discussions related to the frequency combinations. This work was
supported by the National Science Foundation.
NR 42
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 22
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 5
AR 052130
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052130
PG 19
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 148WS
UT WOS:000319279700003
ER
PT J
AU Leis, JM
Caselle, JE
Bradbury, IR
Kristiansen, T
Llopiz, JK
Miller, MJ
O'Connor, MI
Paris, CB
Shanks, AL
Sogard, SM
Swearer, SE
Treml, EA
Vetter, RD
Warner, RR
AF Leis, Jeffrey M.
Caselle, Jennifer E.
Bradbury, Ian R.
Kristiansen, Trond
Llopiz, Joel K.
Miller, Michael J.
O'Connor, Mary I.
Paris, Claire B.
Shanks, Alan L.
Sogard, Susan M.
Swearer, Stephen E.
Treml, Eric A.
Vetter, Russell D.
Warner, Robert R.
TI Does fish larval dispersal differ between high and low latitudes?
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE population connectivity; larval dispersal; pelagic larval duration;
larval behaviour; genetic structure; habitat fragmentation
ID POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; MARINE POPULATIONS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; LOCAL
RETENTION; REEF FISHES; TEMPERATURE; RESERVES; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS;
ONTOGENY
AB Several factors lead to expectations that the scale of larval dispersal and population connectivity of marine animals differs with latitude. We examine this expectation for demersal shorefishes, including relevant mechanisms, assumptions and evidence. We explore latitudinal differences in (i) biological (e. g. species composition, spawning mode, pelagic larval duration, PLD), (ii) physical (e. g. water movement, habitat fragmentation), and (iii) biophysical factors (primarily temperature, which could strongly affect development, swimming ability or feeding). Latitudinal differences exist in taxonomic composition, habitat fragmentation, temperature and larval swimming, and each difference could influence larval dispersal. Nevertheless, clear evidence for latitudinal differences in larval dispersal at the level of broad faunas is lacking. For example, PLD is strongly influenced by taxon, habitat and geographical region, but no independent latitudinal trend is present in published PLD values. Any trends in larval dispersal may be obscured by a lack of appropriate information, or use of 'off the shelf' information that is biased with regard to the species assemblages in areas of concern. Biases may also be introduced from latitudinal differences in taxa or spawning modes as well as limited latitudinal sampling. We suggest research to make progress on the question of latitudinal trends in larval dispersal.
C1 [Leis, Jeffrey M.] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
[Leis, Jeffrey M.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia.
[Caselle, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Warner, Robert R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Bradbury, Ian R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
[Bradbury, Ian R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
[Bradbury, Ian R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
[Kristiansen, Trond] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
[Llopiz, Joel K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Miller, Michael J.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564, Japan.
[O'Connor, Mary I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Paris, Claire B.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Shanks, Alan L.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR 97420 USA.
[Sogard, Susan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Swearer, Stephen E.; Treml, Eric A.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Vetter, Russell D.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Leis, JM (reprint author), Australian Museum, 6 Coll St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
EM jeff.leis@austmus.gov.au
RI Warner, Robert/M-5342-2013; O'Connor, Mary/F-2275-2010; Treml,
Eric/C-7580-2013;
OI Warner, Robert/0000-0002-3299-5685; Leis, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0603-3447;
Treml, Eric/0000-0003-4844-4420; SWEARER, STEPHEN/0000-0001-6381-9943;
Paris, Claire/0000-0002-0637-1334; Llopiz, Joel/0000-0002-7584-7471
FU Norwegian Research Council through project MENUII [190286]; ARC
Discovery Grant [DP110100695]; David and Lucille Packard Foundation;
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX A.L.S. thanks Michel Kulbicki for helpful discussion and advice. Suzanne
Bullock provided editorial assistance. S. D. Simpson and T.J. Miller
provided helpful criticisms. T. K. was supported by the Norwegian
Research Council through project MENUII no. 190286. J.M.L. was supported
by ARC Discovery Grant DP110100695. J.E.C. and R. R. W. were supported
by the Partnership for the Interdisciplinary Study of Coastal Oceans,
funded by The David and Lucille Packard Foundation and the Gordon and
Betty Moore Foundation. This is PISCO publication no. 428. J.M.L.,
J.E.C. and R. R. W. initiated and constructed the manuscript, provided
overall editorial direction, and the introduction and conclusions.
J.M.L. provided sections on taxonomy, biogeography, larval behaviour and
spawning modes. I. R. B. and R. D. V. provided genetics sections. J.K.L.
provided feeding sections. T. K. and C. B. P. provided physical
oceanographic sections. M.J.M. provided sections on eels. M.I.O. and S.
M. S. provided sections on temperature effects. A. L. S. provided PLD
sections with additions from J.M.L. S. E. S. and E. A. T. provided
habitat fragmentation sections. R. R. W. provided caveats sections. All
contributed to the future directions section.
NR 41
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 103
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
EI 1471-2954
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD MAY 22
PY 2013
VL 280
IS 1759
AR 20130327
DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.0327
PG 9
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 124RA
UT WOS:000317482100023
PM 23516247
ER
PT J
AU Corson, JP
Wilson, RM
Bohn, JL
AF Corson, John P.
Wilson, Ryan M.
Bohn, John L.
TI Stability spectroscopy of rotons in a dipolar Bose gas
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID STATE TRANSFER; MOLECULES
AB We study the stability of a quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate that is perturbed by a weak lattice potential along its axis. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that systems exhibiting a roton-maxon structure destabilize readily when the lattice wavelength equals either half the roton wavelength or a low roton subharmonic. We apply perturbation theory to the Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations to illustrate the mechanisms behind the instability threshold. The features of our stability diagram may be used as a direct measurement of the roton wavelength for quasi-one-dimensional geometries.
C1 [Corson, John P.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Corson, John P.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wilson, Ryan M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, JQI, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wilson, Ryan M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Corson, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Corson, John/H-2674-2013
OI Corson, John/0000-0002-3496-0128
FU US DoD through the NDSEG; NRC; NSF
FX We thank B. Lev for fruitful discussions. J.P.C. acknowledges support
from the US DoD through the NDSEG fellowship program. R.M.W.
acknowledges support from an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. J.L.B
acknowledges financial support from the NSF.
NR 30
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 21
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 5
AR 051605
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.051605
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 148WP
UT WOS:000319279300001
ER
PT J
AU Deng, L
Zhu, CJ
Hagley, EW
AF Deng, L.
Zhu, Chengjie
Hagley, E. W.
TI Light-Wave Mixing and Scattering with Quantum Gases
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; STIMULATED EMISSIONS; GAIN SUPPRESSION;
GENERATION; VAPOR; RAMAN
AB We present a semiclassical theoretical framework on light-wave mixing and scattering with single-component quantum gases. We show that these optical processes originating from elementary excitations with dominant collective atomic recoil motion are stimulated Raman or hyper-Raman in nature. In the forward direction the wave-mixing process, which is the most efficient process in normal gases, is strongly reduced by the condensate structure factor even though the Bogoliubov dispersion relation automatically compensates the optical-wave phase mismatch. In the backward direction, however, the free-particle-like condensate structure factor and Bogoliubov dispersion result in highly efficient light-wave mixing and collective atomic recoil motion that are enhanced by a stimulated hyper-Raman gain and a very narrow two-photon motional state resonance.
C1 [Deng, L.; Zhu, Chengjie; Hagley, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 21
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 21
AR 210401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.210401
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 148VX
UT WOS:000319277300001
PM 23745843
ER
PT J
AU Kalinowski, A
Qin, Z
Coffey, K
Kodali, R
Buehler, MJ
Losche, M
Dahl, KN
AF Kalinowski, Agnieszka
Qin, Zhao
Coffey, Kelli
Kodali, Ravi
Buehler, Markus J.
Loesche, Mathias
Dahl, Kris Noel
TI Calcium Causes a Conformational Change in Lamin A Tail Domain that
Promotes Farnesyl-Mediated Membrane Association
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID GILFORD-PROGERIA-SYNDROME; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; TRYPTOPHAN
FLUORESCENCE; NUCLEAR LAMINA; PRELAMIN-A; PROTEINS; ARCHITECTURE;
DYNAMICS; CAAX; NUCLEOSKELETON
AB Lamin proteins contribute to nuclear structure and function, primarily at the inner nuclear membrane. The post-translational processing pathway of lamin A includes farnesylation of the C-terminus, likely to increase membrane association, and subsequent proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminus. Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome is a premature aging disorder wherein a mutant version of lamin A, Delta 50 lamin A, retains its farnesylation. We report here that membrane association of farnesylated Delta 50 lamin A tail domains requires calcium. Experimental evidence and molecular dynamics simulations collectively suggest that the farnesyl group is sequestered within a hydrophobic region in the tail domain in the absence of calcium. Calcium binds to the tail domain with an affinity K-D approximate to 250 mu M where it alters the structure of the Ig-fold and increases the solvent accessibility of the C-terminus. In 2 mM CaCl2, the affinity of the farnesylated protein to a synthetic membrane is K-D approximate to 2 mu M, as measured with surface plasmon resonance, but showed a combination of aggregation and binding. Membrane binding in the absence of calcium could not be detected. We suggest that a conformational change induced in Delta 50 lamin A with divalent cations plays a regulatory role in the posttranslational processing of lamin A, which may be important in disease pathogenesis.
C1 [Kalinowski, Agnieszka; Coffey, Kelli; Loesche, Mathias; Dahl, Kris Noel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Qin, Zhao; Buehler, Markus J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Kodali, Ravi] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Struct, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
[Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Buehler, MJ (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM mbuehler@mit.edu; quench@cmu.edu; krisdahl@cmu.edu
RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; Buehler, Markus/C-4580-2008; Qin, Zhao
/B-4667-2010;
OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; Buehler,
Markus/0000-0002-4173-9659; Dahl, Kris/0000-0002-3874-1547
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0642545]; Office of Naval
Research-Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
(ONR-PECASE) [N00014-10-1-0562]; Progeria Research Foundation, NSF
[CBET-0954421]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute
on Aging (NIA) [NRSA F30-AG030905]; NIH [1R01-GM101647]
FX Z.Q. and M.J.B. received support from National Science Foundation (NSF)
(CMMI-0642545) and Office of Naval Research-Presidential Early Career
Award for Scientists and Engineers (ONR-PECASE) (N00014-10-1-0562).
K.N.D. and A.K. received support from the Progeria Research Foundation,
NSF (CBET-0954421 CAREER) and National Institutes of Health (NIH)
National Institute on Aging (NIA) (NRSA F30-AG030905 to A.K.). M.L
received support from NIH (1R01-GM101647).
NR 44
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 12
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD MAY 21
PY 2013
VL 104
IS 10
BP 2246
EP 2253
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.04.016
PG 8
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 149KN
UT WOS:000319318400018
PM 23708364
ER
PT J
AU Trampedach, R
Asplund, M
Collet, R
Nordlund, A
Stein, RF
AF Trampedach, Regner
Asplund, Martin
Collet, Remo
Nordlund, Ake
Stein, Robert F.
TI A GRID OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS OF SOLAR
METALLICITY. I. GENERAL PROPERTIES, GRANULATION, AND ATMOSPHERIC
EXPANSION
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE convection - stars; atmospheres - stars; interiors - stars; late-type
ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; FREE ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; RAYLEIGH-BENARD
CONVECTION; TURBULENT CONVECTION; LINE FORMATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS;
CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN;
RADIATIVE-TRANSFER
AB Present grids of stellar atmosphere models are the workhorses in interpreting stellar observations and determining their fundamental parameters. These models rely on greatly simplified models of convection, however, lending less predictive power to such models of late-type stars. We present a grid of improved and more reliable stellar atmosphere models of late-type stars, based on deep, three-dimensional (3D), convective, stellar atmosphere simulations. This grid is to be used in general for interpreting observations and improving stellar and asteroseismicmodeling. We solve the Navier Stokes equations in 3D and concurrent with the radiative transfer equation, for a range of atmospheric parameters, covering most of stellar evolution with convection at the surface. We emphasize the use of the best available atomic physics for quantitative predictions and comparisons with observations. We present granulation size, convective expansion of the acoustic cavity, and asymptotic adiabat as functions of atmospheric parameters.
C1 [Trampedach, Regner] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Trampedach, Regner] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Asplund, Martin; Collet, Remo] Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
[Collet, Remo; Nordlund, Ake] Niels Bohr Inst, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
[Stein, Robert F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Nordlund, Ake] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Trampedach, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU Australian Research Council [DP 0342613, DP 0558836]; NASA [NNX08AI57G,
NNX11AJ36G, NNX12AH49G]; Danish Natural Science Research Council; Danish
Center for Scientific Computing (DCSC); NSF [AGS-1141921]
FX The helpful comments and suggestions by the anonymous referee are much
appreciated. We are grateful to W. Dappen for access to the code and
data tables for the MHD equation of state. R. T. acknowledges funding
from the Australian Research Council (grants DP 0342613 and DP 0558836)
and NASA grants NNX08AI57G and NNX11AJ36G. angstrom.N. acknowledges
current support from the Danish Natural Science Research Council and
from the Danish Center for Scientific Computing (DCSC). R.F.S.
acknowledges NSF grant AGS-1141921 and NASA grant NNX12AH49G. This
research has made extensive use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System.
NR 101
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 20
PY 2013
VL 769
IS 1
AR 18
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/18
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 157NL
UT WOS:000319904500018
ER
PT J
AU Kennedy, EV
Perry, CT
Halloran, PR
Iglesias-Prieto, R
Schonberg, CHL
Wisshak, M
Form, AU
Carricart-Ganivet, JP
Fine, M
Eakin, CM
Mumby, PJ
AF Kennedy, Emma V.
Perry, Chris T.
Halloran, Paul R.
Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto
Schoenberg, Christine H. L.
Wisshak, Max
Form, Armin U.
Carricart-Ganivet, Juan P.
Fine, Maoz
Eakin, C. Mark
Mumby, Peter J.
TI Avoiding Coral Reef Functional Collapse Requires Local and Global Action
SO CURRENT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE SATURATION; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALCIFICATION; PACIFIC; BUDGETS; GROWTH; RESILIENCE;
NITRATE
AB Coral reefs face multiple anthropogenic threats, from pollution and overfishing to the dual effects of greenhouse gas emissions: rising sea temperature and ocean acidification [1]. While the abundance of coral has declined in recent decades [2, 3], the implications for humanity are difficult to quantify because they depend on ecosystem function rather than the corals themselves. Most reef functions and ecosystem services are founded on the ability of reefs to maintain their three-dimensional structure through net carbonate accumulation [4]. Coral growth only constitutes part of a reef's carbonate budget; bioerosion processes are influential in determining the balance between net structural growth and disintegration [5, 6]. Here, we combine ecological models with carbonate budgets and drive the dynamics of Caribbean reefs with the latest generation of climate models. Budget reconstructions using documented ecological perturbations drive shallow (6-10 m) Caribbean forereefs toward an increasingly fragile carbonate balance. We then projected carbonate budgets toward 2080 and contrasted the benefits of local conservation and global action on climate change. Local management of fisheries (specifically, no-take marine reserves) and the watershed can delay reef loss by at least a decade under "business-as-usual" rises in greenhouse gas emissions. However, local action must be combined with a low-carbon economy to prevent degradation of reef structures and associated ecosystem services.
C1 [Kennedy, Emma V.; Perry, Chris T.; Halloran, Paul R.; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England.
[Halloran, Paul R.] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto; Carricart-Ganivet, Juan P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Acad Puerto Morelos, Inst Ciencias Mary & Limnol, Cancun 77500, QR, Mexico.
[Schoenberg, Christine H. L.] Univ Western Australia, Australian Inst Marine Sci AIMS, Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 9006, Australia.
[Wisshak, Max] Senckenberg Meer, Marine Res Dept, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
[Form, Armin U.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
[Fine, Maoz] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.
[Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
[Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
RP Mumby, PJ (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England.
EM p.j.mumby@uq.edu.au
RI Wisshak, Max/A-3418-2011; Schonberg, Christine/B-3925-2009; Kennedy,
Emma/M-3193-2014; Halloran, Paul/G-3965-2012; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010
OI Wisshak, Max/0000-0001-7531-3317; Schonberg,
Christine/0000-0001-6286-8196; Kennedy, Emma/0000-0003-1821-9740;
Halloran, Paul/0000-0002-9227-0678;
FU European Union; NERC; ARC
FX This project was funded by the European Union project FORCE, a NERC
grant, and an ARC Laureate Fellowship to P.J.M. We thank R.S. Steneck
and G. Stoyle for providing photographs for Figure 1, G.N. Murphy for
comments, I.C. Chollett for programming edits, J.R. Stevens for
additional student supervision, and G. Roff for help with the figures.
The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do
not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of
NOAA or the United States government.
NR 59
TC 81
Z9 82
U1 8
U2 199
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0960-9822
EI 1879-0445
J9 CURR BIOL
JI Curr. Biol.
PD MAY 20
PY 2013
VL 23
IS 10
BP 912
EP 918
DI 10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.020
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 151TK
UT WOS:000319482900028
PM 23664976
ER
PT J
AU Hayre, NR
Ross, KA
Applegate, R
Lin, T
Singh, RRP
Gaulin, BD
Gingras, MJP
AF Hayre, N. R.
Ross, K. A.
Applegate, R.
Lin, T.
Singh, R. R. P.
Gaulin, B. D.
Gingras, M. J. P.
TI Thermodynamic properties of Yb2Ti2O7 pyrochlore as a function of
temperature and magnetic field: Validation of a quantum spin ice
exchange Hamiltonian
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; FERROMAGNET; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; TB2TI2O7; OXIDES;
LIQUID; ORIGIN; PHASE
AB The thermodynamic properties of the pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7 material are calculated using the numerical linked-cluster calculation method for an effective anisotropic-exchange spin-1/2 Hamiltonian with parameters recently determined by fitting the neutron scattering spin-wave data obtained at high magnetic field. Magnetization M(T,h) as a function of temperature T and for different magnetic fields h applied along the three high-symmetry directions [100], [110], and [111] are compared with experimental measurements on the material for temperature T > 1.8 K. The excellent agreement between experimentally measured and calculated M(T,h) over the entire temperature and magnetic field ranges considered provides strong quantitative validation of the effective Hamiltonian. It also confirms that fitting the high-field neutron spin-wave spectra in the polarized paramagnetic state is an excellent method for determining the microscopic exchange constants of rare-earth insulating magnets that are described by an effective spin-1/2 Hamiltonian. Finally, we present results which demonstrate that a recent analysis of the polarized neutron scattering intensity of Yb2Ti2O7 using a random phase approximation method [Chang et al., Nat. Commun. 3, 992 2012)] does not provide a good description of M(T, h) for T <= 10 K, that is, in the entire temperature regime where magnetic correlations become non-negligible. With the compelling evidence that we now have at hand an accurate microscopic Hamiltonian for Yb2Ti2O7, our work exposes a paradox: why does this material fail to develop long-range ferromagnetic order?
C1 [Hayre, N. R.; Applegate, R.; Singh, R. R. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Ross, K. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
[Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Ross, K. A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lin, T.; Gingras, M. J. P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
[Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
[Gaulin, B. D.; Gingras, M. J. P.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
[Gingras, M. J. P.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada.
RP Hayre, NR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
OI Ross, Kate/0000-0002-7385-7449
FU NSF [DMR-1004231]; NSERC of Canada; Canada Research Chair program;
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; Government of Canada
through Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of
Economic Development Innovation
FX We acknowledge useful discussions with P. Dalmas de Reotier, B.
Javanparast, P. McClarty, J. Quilliam, J. Thompson, and A. Yaouanc. This
work is supported in part by NSF Grant No. DMR-1004231, the NSERC of
Canada, the Canada Research Chair program (M.J.P.G., Tier 1) and by the
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Research at the Perimeter
Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry
Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic
Development & Innovation.
NR 75
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 41
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 20
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 18
AR 184423
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.184423
PG 14
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 148NQ
UT WOS:000319252000006
ER
PT J
AU Calabrese, E
Hlozek, REA
Battaglia, N
Battistelli, ES
Bond, JR
Chluba, J
Crichton, D
Das, S
Devlin, MJ
Dunkley, J
Dunner, R
Farhang, M
Gralla, MB
Hajian, A
Halpern, M
Hasselfield, M
Hincks, AD
Irwin, KD
Kosowsky, A
Louis, T
Marriage, TA
Moodley, K
Newburgh, L
Niemack, MD
Nolta, MR
Page, LA
Sehgal, N
Sherwin, BD
Sievers, JL
Sifon, C
Spergel, DN
Staggs, ST
Switzer, ER
Wollack, EJ
AF Calabrese, Erminia
Hlozek, Renee E. A.
Battaglia, Nick
Battistelli, Elia S.
Bond, J. Richard
Chluba, Jens
Crichton, Devin
Das, Sudeep
Devlin, Mark J.
Dunkley, Joanna
Duenner, Rolando
Farhang, Marzieh
Gralla, Megan B.
Hajian, Amir
Halpern, Mark
Hasselfield, Matthew
Hincks, Adam D.
Irwin, Kent D.
Kosowsky, Arthur
Louis, Thibaut
Marriage, Tobias A.
Moodley, Kavilan
Newburgh, Laura
Niemack, Michael D.
Nolta, Michael R.
Page, Lyman A.
Sehgal, Neelima
Sherwin, Blake D.
Sievers, Jonathan L.
Sifon, Cristobal
Spergel, David N.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Switzer, Eric R.
Wollack, Edward J.
TI Cosmological parameters from pre-planck cosmic microwave background
measurements
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSTRAINTS
AB Recent data from the WMAP, ACT and SPT experiments provide precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background temperature power spectrum over a wide range of angular scales. The combination of these observations is well fit by the standard, spatially flat Lambda CDM cosmological model, constraining six free parameters to within a few percent. The scalar spectral index, n(s) = 0.9690 +/- 0.0089, is less than unity at the 3.5 sigma level, consistent with simple models of inflation. The damping tail of the power spectrum at high resolution, combined with the amplitude of gravitational lensing measured by ACT and SPT, constrains the effective number of relativistic species to be N-eff = 3.28 +/- 0.40, in agreement with the standard model's three species of light neutrinos.
C1 [Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Sub Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
[Hlozek, Renee E. A.; Hasselfield, Matthew; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Battaglia, Nick] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Rome Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Bond, J. Richard; Farhang, Marzieh; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.
[Chluba, Jens; Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan B.; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, BCCP, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Devlin, Mark J.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile.
[Farhang, Marzieh] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada.
[Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Marriage, Tobias A.; Newburgh, Laura; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Sherwin, Blake D.; Sievers, Jonathan L.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa.
[Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Sehgal, Neelima] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Sifon, Cristobal] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Calabrese, E (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Sub Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012;
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Chluba, Jens/0000-0003-3725-6096;
Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon,
Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887,
PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; Canada Foundation for Innovation
(CFI); CFI under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; University of
Toronto; ERC [259505]; NASA Office of Space Science; University of
Pennsylvania; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y
Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); Ontario Research Fund-Research
Excellence
FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through
Grants No. AST-0408698 and No. AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well
as Grants No. PHY-0855887 and No. PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided
by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada
Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque
Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision
Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT).
Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC
Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute
Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund-Research
Excellence; and the University of Toronto. Funding from ERC Grant No.
259505 supports E. C., J.D., and T. L. We acknowledge the use of the
Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA). Support
for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. The
likelihood code will be made public through LAMBDA [36] and the ACT
website [37].
NR 31
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2470-0010
EI 2470-0029
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD MAY 20
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 10
AR UNSP 103012
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.103012
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA 148OJ
UT WOS:000319254500001
ER
PT J
AU Das, P
Baumbach, RE
Huang, K
Maple, MB
Zhao, Y
Helton, JS
Lynn, JW
Bauer, ED
Janoschek, M
AF Das, P.
Baumbach, R. E.
Huang, K.
Maple, M. B.
Zhao, Y.
Helton, J. S.
Lynn, J. W.
Bauer, E. D.
Janoschek, M.
TI Absence of a static in-plane magnetic moment in the 'hidden-order' phase
of URu2Si2
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; FERMION SYSTEM URU2SI2; COMPOUND
URU2SI2; EXCITATIONS; SURFACE; LATTICE; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION;
PRESSURE
AB We have carried out a careful magnetic neutron scattering study of the heavy fermion compound URu2Si2 to probe the possible existence of a small magnetic moment parallel to tetragonal basal plane in the 'hidden-order' phase. This small in-plane component of the magnetic moment on the uranium sites S-parallel to has been postulated by two recent models (rank-5 superspin/hastatic order) aiming to explain the hidden-order phase, in addition to the well-known out-of- plane component S-perpendicular to approximate to 0.01-0.04 mu(B)/U. In order to separate S-parallel to and S-perpendicular to, we take advantage of the condition that for magnetic neutron scattering only the components of the magnetic structure that are perpendicular to the scattering vector Q contribute to the magnetic scattering. We find no evidence for an in-plane magnetic moment S-parallel to. Based on the statistics of our measurement, we establish that the upper experimental limit for the size of any possible in-plane component is S-parallel to(max) <= 1 x 10(-3) mu(B)/U.
C1 [Das, P.; Baumbach, R. E.; Bauer, E. D.; Janoschek, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Huang, K.; Maple, M. B.; Janoschek, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Zhao, Y.; Helton, J. S.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Janoschek, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM mjanoschek@lanl.gov
RI Das, Pinaki/C-2877-2012; Janoschek, Marc/M-8871-2015;
OI Janoschek, Marc/0000-0002-2943-0173; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937
FU US DOE [DE FG02-04ER46105]; LANL Directed Research and Development
program; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; US DOE, OBES, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering
FX We thank Filip Ronning and Premala Chandra for useful discussions.
Sample synthesis and characterization at UCSD were funded by the US DOE
under grant no. DE FG02-04ER46105. Work at Los Alamos National
Laboratory (LANL) was performed under the auspices of the US DOE, OBES,
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and funded in part by the
LANL Directed Research and Development program. MJ acknowledges
financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt foundation.
NR 36
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 29
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 20
PY 2013
VL 15
AR 053031
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/053031
PG 12
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 146RN
UT WOS:000319108400002
ER
PT J
AU Veronica, DA
AF Veronica, Daniel A.
TI Automatically detecting faulty regulation in HVAC controls
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB A new method is introduced to automatically detect faulty regulation of temperatures, pressures, and flow rates within HVAC systems and equipment of commercial buildings by using digital data typically available from an existing building automation system. The building automation system passes data by network to a general-purpose microprocessor executing this method. The method computerizes control charts and combines them with expert system logic to identify transients and record excursions of regulated variables beyond allowance bands set by the user. Its three separate functions monitor (1) variables regulated to a single set-point value, (2) actuating variables that drive the regulation, and (3), temperatures regulated to duplex set-points (i.e., thermostats). Faults detected include unstable, excessively oscillatory regulation and failure of regulated variable to maintain the allowed band. A brief background on control charts and expert systems is in Appendix A.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Veronica, DA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.veronica@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PD MAY 19
PY 2013
VL 19
IS 4
BP 412
EP 422
DI 10.1080/10789669.2013.789369
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 159BL
UT WOS:000320018900006
ER
PT J
AU Assumpcao, TCF
Ma, DY
Schwarz, A
Reiter, K
Santana, JM
Andersen, JF
Ribeiro, JMC
Nardone, G
Yu, LL
Francischetti, IMB
AF Assumpcao, Teresa C. F.
Ma, Dongying
Schwarz, Alexandra
Reiter, Karine
Santana, Jaime M.
Andersen, John F.
Ribeiro, Jose M. C.
Nardone, Glenn
Yu, Lee L.
Francischetti, Ivo M. B.
TI Salivary Antigen-5/CAP Family Members Are Cu2+-dependent Antioxidant
Enzymes That Scavenge O-2(radical anion) and Inhibit Collagen-induced
Platelet Aggregation and Neutrophil Oxidative Burst
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRACELLULAR-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE ANALYSES;
HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; BINDING-SPECIFICITY;
ARACHIDONIC-ACID; COPPER-BINDING; NADPH OXIDASE; ACTIVATION; OXYGEN
AB The function of the antigen-5/CAP family of proteins found in the salivary gland of bloodsucking animals has remained elusive for decades. Antigen-5 members from the hematophagous insects Dipetalogaster maxima (DMAV) and Triatoma infestans (TIAV) were expressed and discovered to attenuate platelet aggregation, ATP secretion, and thromboxane A(2) generation by low doses of collagen (< 1 mu g/ml) but no other agonists. DMAV did not interact with collagen, glycoprotein VI, or integrin alpha 2 beta 1. This inhibitory profile resembles the effects of antioxidants Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in platelet function. Accordingly, DMAV was found to inhibit cytochrome c reduction by O-2(radical anion) generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase, implying that it exhibits antioxidant activity. Moreover, our results demonstrate that DMAV blunts the luminescence signal of O-2(radical anion) generated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophils. Mechanistically, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that DMAV, like Cu,Zn-SOD, interacts with Cu2+, which provides redox potential for catalytic removal of O-2(radical anion). Notably, surface plasmon resonance experiments (BIAcore) determined that DMAV binds sulfated glycosaminoglycans (e.g. heparin, K-D similar to 100 nmol/liter), as reported for extracellular SOD. Finally, fractions of the salivary gland of D. maxima with native DMAV contain Cu2+ and display metal-dependent antioxidant properties. Antigen-5/CAP emerges as novel family of Cu2+-dependent antioxidant enzymes that inhibit neutrophil oxidative burst and negatively modulate platelet aggregation by a unique salivary mechanism.
C1 [Assumpcao, Teresa C. F.; Ma, Dongying; Andersen, John F.; Ribeiro, Jose M. C.; Francischetti, Ivo M. B.] NIAID, Vector Biol Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Schwarz, Alexandra] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
[Reiter, Karine] NIAID, Lab Malaria Immunol & Vaccinol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA.
[Santana, Jaime M.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Cell Biol, Pathogen Host Interface Lab, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
[Nardone, Glenn] NIAID, Res Technol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA.
[Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Francischetti, IMB (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy,Rm 2E-32C, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA.
EM ifrancischetti@niaid.nih.gov
RI ma, dongying/D-8623-2012; Santana, Jaime/H-5319-2013; Ribeiro,
Jose/J-7011-2015; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015
OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853
FU National Institutes of Health Grant [ZIA Al000810-16]; Intramural
Research Program of the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, National
Institutes of Health; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal,
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico;
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic
Grant [P302/11/P798]; Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the
Czech Republic KONTAKT II Grant [LH12002]
FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of
Health Grant ZIA Al000810-16 and by the Intramural Research Program of
the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, National Institutes of
Health. This work was also supported by and Brazilian grants from
Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal, Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, and Financiadora de Estudos e
Projetos.; Supported by Grant Agency of the Czech Republic Grant
P302/11/P798 and Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech
Republic KONTAKT II Grant LH12002.
NR 90
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD MAY 17
PY 2013
VL 288
IS 20
BP 14341
EP 14361
DI 10.1074/jbc.M113.466995
PG 21
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 148OB
UT WOS:000319253500038
PM 23564450
ER
PT J
AU Archer, FI
Morin, PA
Hancock-Hanser, BL
Robertson, KM
Leslie, MS
Berube, M
Panigada, S
Taylor, BL
AF Archer, Frederick I.
Morin, Phillip A.
Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L.
Robertson, Kelly M.
Leslie, Matthew S.
Berube, Martine
Panigada, Simone
Taylor, Barbara L.
TI Mitogenomic Phylogenetics of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.):
Genetic Evidence for Revision of Subspecies
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH PACIFIC; MINKE WHALE;
POPULATION; ATLANTIC; SEQUENCE; DOLPHINS; ACUTOROSTRATA; SPECIATION
AB There are three described subspecies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus): B. p. physalus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Northern Hemisphere, B. p. quoyi Fischer, 1829 in the Southern Hemisphere, and a recently described pygmy form, B. p. patachonica Burmeister, 1865. The discrete distribution in the North Pacific and North Atlantic raises the question of whether a single Northern Hemisphere subspecies is valid. We assess phylogenetic patterns using similar to 16 K base pairs of the complete mitogenome for 154 fin whales from the North Pacific, North Atlantic - including the Mediterranean Sea - and Southern Hemisphere. A Bayesian tree of the resulting 136 haplotypes revealed several well-supported clades representing each ocean basin, with no haplotypes shared among ocean basins. The North Atlantic haplotypes (n = 12) form a sister clade to those from the Southern Hemisphere (n = 42). The estimated time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for this Atlantic/Southern Hemisphere clade and 81 of the 97 samples from the North Pacific was approximately 2 Ma. 14 of the remaining North Pacific samples formed a well-supported clade within the Southern Hemisphere. The TMRCA for this node suggests that at least one female from the Southern Hemisphere immigrated to the North Pacific approximately 0.37 Ma. These results provide strong evidence that North Pacific and North Atlantic fin whales should not be considered the same subspecies, and suggest the need for revision of the global taxonomy of the species.
C1 [Archer, Frederick I.; Morin, Phillip A.; Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Leslie, Matthew S.; Taylor, Barbara L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
[Morin, Phillip A.; Leslie, Matthew S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Berube, Martine] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Groningen, Netherlands.
[Panigada, Simone] Tethys Res Inst, Milan, Italy.
RP Archer, FI (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
EM eric.archer@noaa.gov
NR 80
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 52
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 17
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 5
AR e63396
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0063396
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 146RJ
UT WOS:000319107900042
PM 23691042
ER
PT J
AU Mohr, PJ
Griffith, J
Sapirstein, J
AF Mohr, Peter J.
Griffith, J.
Sapirstein, J.
TI Bound-state field-theory approach to proton-structure effects in muonic
hydrogen
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY-LEVELS; LAMB SHIFT; POLARIZABILITY; NUCLEON; ATOMS; MODEL
AB A bound-state field-theory approach to muonic hydrogen is set up using a variant of the Furry representation in which the lowest-order Hamiltonian describes a muon in the presence of a point Coulomb field, but the origin of the binding field is taken to be three charged quarks in the proton, which are modeled as Dirac particles that move freely within a spherical well. Bound-state field-theory techniques are used to evaluate one- and two-photon effects. Particular attention is paid to two-photon-exchange diagrams, which include the effect of proton polarizability. In addition, the modification of the electromagnetic self energy of the proton by the electric field of the muon is examined. Finally, the model is used to carry out a calculation of the static electric polarizability of the proton.
C1 [Mohr, Peter J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Griffith, J.; Sapirstein, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mohr@nist.gov; jgriff8@nd.edu; jsapirst@nd.edu
FU NSF [PHY1068065]
FX The work of J.G. and J.S. was supported in part by NSF Grant No.
PHY1068065. We thank S. A. Blundell, K. T. Cheng, and E. Tiesinga for
useful discussions.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 17
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 5
AR 052511
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052511
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 147WI
UT WOS:000319200100007
ER
PT J
AU Kaplan, DM
Bach, P
Bonhommeau, S
Chassot, E
Chavance, P
Dagorn, L
Davies, T
Dueri, S
Fletcher, R
Fonteneau, A
Fromentin, JM
Gaertner, D
Hampton, J
Hilborn, R
Hobday, A
Kearney, R
Kleiber, P
Lehodey, P
Marsac, F
Maury, O
Mees, C
Menard, F
Pearce, J
Sibert, J
AF Kaplan, David M.
Bach, Pascal
Bonhommeau, Sylvain
Chassot, Emmanuel
Chavance, Pierre
Dagorn, Laurent
Davies, Tim
Dueri, Sibylle
Fletcher, Rick
Fonteneau, Alain
Fromentin, Jean-Marc
Gaertner, Daniel
Hampton, John
Hilborn, Ray
Hobday, Alistair
Kearney, Robert
Kleiber, Pierre
Lehodey, Patrick
Marsac, Francis
Maury, Olivier
Mees, Chris
Menard, Frederic
Pearce, John
Sibert, John
TI The True Challenge of Giant Marine Reserves
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Kaplan, David M.; Bach, Pascal; Chassot, Emmanuel; Chavance, Pierre; Dagorn, Laurent; Dueri, Sibylle; Fonteneau, Alain; Gaertner, Daniel; Marsac, Francis; Maury, Olivier; Menard, Frederic] IRD, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
[Bonhommeau, Sylvain; Fromentin, Jean-Marc] IFREMER, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
[Davies, Tim] Imperial Coll London, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
[Fletcher, Rick] Fisheries Res Dept, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia.
[Hampton, John] Secretariat Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Programme, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia.
[Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hobday, Alistair] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia.
[Kearney, Robert] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
[Kleiber, Pierre] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Lehodey, Patrick] Collect Localisat Satellites, Space Oceanog Div, Marine Ecosyst Dept, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France.
[Marsac, Francis; Maury, Olivier] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Int Ctr Educ Marine & Atmospher Sci Africa, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
[Mees, Chris; Pearce, John] MRAG Ltd, London W1J 5PN, England.
[Sibert, John] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Kaplan, DM (reprint author), IRD, UMR EME 212, F-34203 Sete, France.
EM david.kaplan@ird.fr
RI Dueri, Sibylle/B-7596-2011; Gaertner, Daniel/H-8042-2013; Hobday,
Alistair/A-1460-2012; Bonhommeau, Sylvain/P-8654-2014; Menard,
Frederic/C-3913-2008; Dagorn, Laurent/K-1002-2016; Kaplan, David
M./G-5230-2010; Maury, Olivier/I-4513-2013
OI Gaertner, Daniel/0000-0002-1194-4432; Hobday,
Alistair/0000-0002-3194-8326; Bonhommeau, Sylvain/0000-0002-0882-5918;
Menard, Frederic/0000-0003-1162-660X; Dagorn,
Laurent/0000-0003-3896-8589; Kaplan, David M./0000-0001-6087-359X;
Maury, Olivier/0000-0002-7999-9982
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 68
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 17
PY 2013
VL 340
IS 6134
BP 810
EP 811
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 145EM
UT WOS:000318997400019
PM 23687027
ER
PT J
AU Cronin, MF
Tozuka, T
Biastoch, A
Durgadoo, JV
Beal, LM
AF Cronin, Meghan F.
Tozuka, Tomoki
Biastoch, Arne
Durgadoo, Jonathan V.
Beal, Lisa M.
TI Prevalence of strong bottom currents in the greater Agulhas system
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN CIRCULATION; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; KUROSHIO EXTENSION;
KINETIC-ENERGY; GULF-STREAM; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; MOTION;
MODEL
AB Deep current meter data and output from two high-resolution global ocean circulation models are used to determine the prevalence and location of strong bottom currents in the greater Agulhas Current system. The two models and current meter data are remarkably consistent, showing that benthic storms, with bottom currents greater than 0.2 m s(-1), occur throughout the Agulhas retroflection region south of Africa more than 20% of the time. Furthermore, beneath the mean Agulhas Current core and the retroflection front, bottom currents exceed 0.2 m s(-1) more than 50% of the time, while away from strong surface currents, bottom currents rarely exceed 0.2 m s(-1). Implications for sediment transport are discussed and the results are compared to atmospheric storms. Benthic storms of this strength (0.2 m s(-1)) are comparable to a 9 m s(-1) (Beaufort 5) windstorm, but scaling shows that benthic storms may be less effective at lifting and transporting sediment than dust storms.
C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Tozuka, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan.
[Biastoch, Arne; Durgadoo, Jonathan V.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
[Beal, Lisa M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Meghan.F.Cronin@noaa.gov
RI Tozuka, Tomoki/A-1805-2009; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014;
OI Tozuka, Tomoki/0000-0001-6738-1299; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390;
Beal, Lisa/0000-0003-3678-5367; Durgadoo, Jonathan/0000-0001-6297-5178
FU European Community [238512]; JST/JICA through Science and Technology
Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)
FX We thank G. Uenzelmann-Neben and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful
comments. The OFES simulation was conducted on the Earth Simulator under
the support of JAMSTEC. The development of INALT01 and its analysis
received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework
Programme FP7/2007-2013-Marie-Curie ITN, under grant agreement no
238512, GATEWAYS project. T. T. was supported by JST/JICA through
Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development
(SATREPS). This is PMEL publication contribution 3928.
NR 35
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 9
BP 1772
EP 1776
DI 10.1002/grl.50400
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 163EC
UT WOS:000320317500020
ER
PT J
AU Cota, A
Burton, BP
Chain, P
Pavon, E
Alba, MD
AF Cota, Agustin
Burton, Benjamin P.
Chain, Pablo
Pavon, Esperanza
Alba, Maria D.
TI Solution Properties of the System ZrSiO4-HfSiO4: A Computational and
Experimental Study
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; EFFECTIVE
IONIC RADII; WAVE BASIS-SET; X-RAY; HAFNIUM SILICATE; ZIRCON; NUCLEAR;
METALS; ZRSIO4
AB ZrSiO4 and HfSiO4 are of considerable interest because of their low thermal expansions, thermal conductivities, and the optical properties of HfSiO4. In addition, silicate phases of both are studied as model radioactive waste disposal materials. Previous first principles calculations reported near ideal mixing in the Zr1-xHfxSiO4 system, with a very weak propensity for phase separation. Density functional theory (DFT)/cluster-expansion first principles calculations presented in this work indicate near ideal mixing with a very weak propensity for ordering. Zr1-xHfxSiO4 samples (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) were synthesized from intimate stoichiometric mixtures of constituent-oxides and annealing at 1823 K for 20 days in a platinum crucible. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD; Rietveld analysis) and Si-29 MAS NMR. The XRD data exhibited a pronounced negative deviation from Vegard's law in the excess volume of mixing, and the Si-29 MAS NMR spectra also suggest nonideal mixing. Given the very weak energetics that favor cation ordering, it is clear that there must be some other cause(s) for the observed deviations from ideal mixing behavior.
C1 [Cota, Agustin; Chain, Pablo; Alba, Maria D.] Inst Ciencia Mat Sevilla CSIC US, Seville 41092, Spain.
[Cota, Agustin] Lab Rayos X CITIUS, Seville 41012, Spain.
[Burton, Benjamin P.] NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pavon, Esperanza] Univ Lille Nord France, UCCS, UMR8181, CNRS, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
RP Alba, MD (reprint author), Inst Ciencia Mat Sevilla CSIC US, Avda Amer Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
EM alba@icmse.csic.es
RI Pavon, Esperanza/E-6336-2010; ALBA, MD/J-6831-2014
OI Pavon, Esperanza/0000-0002-4476-4403; ALBA, MD/0000-0003-0025-3078
FU DGICYT; FEDER funs [CTQ 2010-14874]
FX We would like to thank the DGICYT and FEDER funs (project no. CTQ
2010-14874) for their financial support.
NR 44
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 19
BP 10013
EP 10019
DI 10.1021/jp401539g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 154CM
UT WOS:000319649100054
ER
PT J
AU Qi, YC
Zhang, J
Zhang, PF
Cao, Q
AF Qi, Youcun
Zhang, Jian
Zhang, Pengfei
Cao, Qing
TI VPR correction of bright band effects in radar QPEs using polarimetric
radar observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE Dual polarimatric; VPR correction; bright band
ID MELTING LAYER; PRECIPITATION; WSR-88D; SYSTEM; REFLECTIVITY; ALGORITHM
AB Vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction of bright band (BB) effects has been a challenge for single-polarization radar quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs) for mesoscale convective systems and for cool season stratiform precipitation when the freezing level is low. BB is often found in the radar observations of stratiform precipitation, and the inflated reflectivity intensities in the BB often cause positive biases in radar QPEs. A VPR correction is desirable to mitigate the BB contamination and reduce the bias. However, a well-defined BB bottom, while critical for an effective correction of the bias, is often not found in the VPRs. Fortunately, polarimetric radar variables, especially the copolar correlation coefficient (HV), can provide a much better depiction of vertical BB structure than does reflectivity. In the current study, an apparent vertical profile of HV (AVPHV) correction scheme is developed. For each tilt of the radar volume scan data, the precipitation echoes are segregated into convective and stratiform regions. An apparent VPR (AVPR) and AVPHV are computed for the stratiform region in the given tilt. Then the bright band top, peak, and bottom are identified from the AVPR and AVPHV, and a linear VPR correction model is fit to the AVPR in the BB layer. VPR corrections are applied to the reflectivity field in the given tilt based on the linear correction model, and radar QPEs are derived from the corrected reflectivity field. The new AVPR and AVPHV combined scheme was tested on two mesoscale convective system events and one cold season event in the United States and was shown to be more effective in reducing the radar QPE bias associated with the BB than did the AVPR correction alone.
C1 [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Cao, Qing] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Qi, YC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM Youcun.Qi@noaa.gov
FU NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]
FX Major funding for this research was provided under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. This manuscript has greatly
benefited from the comments of anonymous reviewers.
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 9
BP 3627
EP 3633
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50364
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155JU
UT WOS:000319744700013
ER
PT J
AU Doherty, RM
Wild, O
Shindell, DT
Zeng, G
MacKenzie, IA
Collins, WJ
Fiore, AM
Stevenson, DS
Dentener, FJ
Schultz, MG
Hess, P
Derwent, RG
Keating, TJ
AF Doherty, R. M.
Wild, O.
Shindell, D. T.
Zeng, G.
MacKenzie, I. A.
Collins, W. J.
Fiore, A. M.
Stevenson, D. S.
Dentener, F. J.
Schultz, M. G.
Hess, P.
Derwent, R. G.
Keating, T. J.
TI Impacts of climate change on surface ozone and intercontinental ozone
pollution: A multi-model study
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE surface ozone; climate change; intercontinental transport;
source-receptor relationships
ID GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR-QUALITY; ISOPRENE EMISSION; REACTIVE
NITROGEN; CHEMISTRY MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT;
SENSITIVITY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY
AB The impact of climate change between 2000 and 2095 SRES A2 climates on surface ozone (O)3 and on O3 source-receptor (S-R) relationships is quantified using three coupled climate-chemistry models (CCMs). The CCMs exhibit considerable variability in the spatial extent and location of surface O3 increases that occur within parts of high NOx emission source regions (up to 6 ppbv in the annual average and up to 14 ppbv in the season of maximum O3). In these source regions, all three CCMs show a positive relationship between surface O3 change and temperature change. Sensitivity simulations show that a combination of three individual chemical processes(i) enhanced PAN decomposition, (ii) higher water vapor concentrations, and (iii) enhanced isoprene emissionlargely reproduces the global spatial pattern of annual-mean surface O3 response due to climate change (R2=0.52). Changes in climate are found to exert a stronger control on the annual-mean surface O3 response through changes in climate-sensitive O3 chemistry than through changes in transport as evaluated from idealized CO-like tracer concentrations. All three CCMs exhibit a similar spatial pattern of annual-mean surface O3 change to 20% regional O3 precursor emission reductions under future climate compared to the same emission reductions applied under present-day climate. The surface O3 response to emission reductions is larger over the source region and smaller downwind in the future than under present-day conditions. All three CCMs show areas within Europe where regional emission reductions larger than 20% are required to compensate climate change impacts on annual-mean surface O3.
C1 [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England.
[Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA.
[Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Collins, W. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Dentener, F. J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Schultz, M. G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Troposphare IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Hess, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Derwent, R. G.] Rdscientific, Newbury, Berks, England.
[Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA.
RP Doherty, RM (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM ruth.doherty@ed.ac.uk
RI Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Collins,
William/A-5895-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Hess,
Peter/M-3145-2015; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012
OI Derwent, Richard/0000-0003-4498-645X; Stevenson,
David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Collins,
William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schultz,
Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X
FU New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; Office of Science and
Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Program
FX We greatly thank Adam Butler for statistical expertise, advice, and
insights. We are also extremely grateful to Owen Cooper for informal
discussions and his review of the manuscript. We thank Paul Young and
Larry Horowitz for insightful discussions. This work was performed under
the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (www.htap.org).
We thank the US EPA and European Commission for travel support to HTAP
meetings. We also thank Michael Decker and Sabine Schroder for hosting
the HTAP data repository at Forschungszentrum Juelich. GZ acknowledges
NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and
Innovation. RD and GZ thank Colin Johnson at the UK Met Office for
provision of sea-surface temperature data, and RD thanks Lois
Steenman-Clark and Grenville Lister for supercomputing support. This
work made use of the facilities of HECToR, the UK's national
high-performance computing service, which is provided by UoE HPCx Ltd at
the University of Edinburgh, Cray Inc and NAG Ltd, and funded by the
Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing
Program.
NR 66
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 4
U2 69
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 9
BP 3744
EP 3763
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50266
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155JU
UT WOS:000319744700022
ER
PT J
AU Gaiero, DM
Simonella, L
Gasso, S
Gili, S
Stein, AF
Sosa, P
Becchio, R
Arce, J
Marelli, H
AF Gaiero, D. M.
Simonella, L.
Gasso, S.
Gili, S.
Stein, A. F.
Sosa, P.
Becchio, R.
Arce, J.
Marelli, H.
TI Ground/satellite observations and atmospheric modeling of dust storms
originating in the high Puna-Altiplano deserts (South America):
Implications for the interpretation of paleo-climatic archives
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST ANTARCTICA; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO;
CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CENTRAL ANDES; AEOLIAN DUST;
TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; PATAGONIA
AB This study provides a detailed description of the sources, transport, dispersion, and deposition of two major dust events originating from the high-altitude subtropical Puna-Altiplano Plateau (15-26 degrees S; 65-69 degrees W) in South America. A long and severe drought provided the right conditions for the onset of both events in July 2009 and 2010. Dust was transported SE and deposited over the Pampas region and was observed to continue to the Atlantic Ocean. Dust monitoring stations located downwind recorded both events, and samples were characterized through chemical and textural analysis. Through a combination of meteorological data and satellite observations (CALIPSO and MODIS detectors), we estimate the emission flux for the 2010 event. This estimate was used to constrain the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) transport model and simulate the dust event. Both satellite imagery and model results agree in the location and extension of the dust cloud. CALIPSO detected dust between similar to 6000 and similar to 8500 m a.s.l., which remained at this height during most of its trajectory. The dust cloud mixed with a strong convective system in the region, and the associated precipitation brought down significant amounts of dust to the ground. Dust particle size analysis for both events indicates that near the sources dust samples show median modes of 12.4-14.1 mu m, similar to modes observed 1300 km away. Chemical composition of sediments from potential dust sources shows distinct signatures within the Puna-Altiplano Plateau, the Puna sector being clearly different from the Altiplano area. In addition, both sources are markedly different from the Patagonian chemical fingerprint. These results have important implications to improve the interpretation of paleo-environmental archives preserved on the Argentine loess, Antarctic ice cores, and Southern Ocean marine sediments.
C1 [Gaiero, D. M.; Simonella, L.; Gili, S.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CICTERRA, FCEFyN, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina.
[Gasso, S.] Morgan State Univ, GESTAR, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA.
[Stein, A. F.] NOAA, ERT Inc, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA.
[Sosa, P.; Becchio, R.] Univ Nacl Salta, Salta, Argentina.
[Arce, J.; Marelli, H.] INTA, Marcos Juarez, Provincia Cordo, Argentina.
RP Gaiero, DM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, CICTERRA, FCEFyN, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina.
EM dgaiero@efn.uncor.edu
RI Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014; Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel
F/L-9724-2014
OI Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Gaiero, Diego
Marcelo/0000-0003-1029-2265; Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198
FU Weizmann Institute; SECyT/UNC; FONCyT [PICT-0625]
FX The authors express their deep thanks to Mr. Mariano D'Alto, who kindly
provided the Buenos Aires dust sample, and Florence Sylvestre, who
provided the top soil sample from Coipasa. Ms. G. Torres and S. Bordese
helped with lab activities. Mr. M. Hilario kindly assisted us with salar
pan sampling within the Salar de Uyuni. We are indebted to the Servicio
Meteorologico Nacional for the meteorological data. We also acknowledge
the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for making the satellite data and
modeling tools freely available. This work was financially supported by
grants awarded to D.M.G.: Antorchas, IAI, the Weizmann Institute,
SECyT/UNC, and FONCyT (PICT-0625).
NR 83
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 30
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 9
BP 3817
EP 3831
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50036
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155JU
UT WOS:000319744700027
ER
PT J
AU Saito, R
Patra, PK
Sweeney, C
Machida, T
Krol, M
Houweling, S
Bousquet, P
Agusti-Panareda, A
Belikov, D
Bergmann, D
Bian, HS
Cameron-Smith, P
Chipperfield, MP
Fortems-Cheiney, A
Fraser, A
Gatti, LV
Gloor, E
Hess, P
Kawa, SR
Law, RM
Locatelli, R
Loh, Z
Maksyutov, S
Meng, L
Miller, JB
Palmer, PI
Prinn, RG
Rigby, M
Wilson, C
AF Saito, Ryu
Patra, Prabir K.
Sweeney, Colm
Machida, Toshinobu
Krol, Maarten
Houweling, Sander
Bousquet, Philippe
Agusti-Panareda, Anna
Belikov, Dmitry
Bergmann, Dan
Bian, Huisheng
Cameron-Smith, Philip
Chipperfield, Martyn P.
Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey
Fraser, Annemarie
Gatti, Luciana V.
Gloor, Emanuel
Hess, Peter
Kawa, Stephan R.
Law, Rachel M.
Locatelli, Robin
Loh, Zoe
Maksyutov, Shamil
Meng, Lei
Miller, John B.
Palmer, Paul I.
Prinn, Ronald G.
Rigby, Matthew
Wilson, Christopher
TI TransCom model simulations of methane: Comparison of vertical profiles
with aircraft measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
DE TransCom Methane; CH4 vertical profile; vertical; horizontal gradient
ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TROPOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE;
VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; VERSION; OZONE; FLUX; AIR
AB To assess horizontal and vertical transports of methane (CH4) concentrations at different heights within the troposphere, we analyzed simulations by 12 chemistry transport models (CTMs) that participated in the TransCom-CH4 intercomparison experiment. Model results are compared with aircraft measurements at 13 sites in Amazon/Brazil, Mongolia, Pacific Ocean, Siberia/Russia, and United States during the period of 2001-2007. The simulations generally show good agreement with observations for seasonal cycles and vertical gradients. The correlation coefficients of the daily averaged model and observed CH4 time series for the analyzed years are generally larger than 0.5, and the observed seasonal cycle amplitudes are simulated well at most sites, considering the between-model variances. However, larger deviations show up below 2 km for the model-observation differences in vertical profiles at some locations, e.g., at Santarem, Brazil, and in the upper troposphere, e.g., at Surgut, Russia. Vertical gradients and concentrations are underestimated at Southern Great Planes, United States, and Santarem and overestimated at Surgut. Systematic overestimation and underestimation of vertical gradients are mainly attributed to inaccurate emission and only partly to the transport uncertainties. However, large differences in model simulations are found over the regions/seasons of strong convection, which is poorly represented in the models. Overall, the zonal and latitudinal variations in CH4 are controlled by surface emissions below 2.5 km and transport patterns in the middle and upper troposphere. We show that the models with larger vertical gradients, coupled with slower horizontal transport, exhibit greater CH4 interhemispheric gradients in the lower troposphere. These findings have significant implications for the future development of more accurate CTMs with the possibility of reducing biases in estimated surface fluxes by inverse modeling.
C1 [Saito, Ryu; Patra, Prabir K.] Res Inst Global Change JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
[Patra, Prabir K.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan.
[Sweeney, Colm; Miller, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Machida, Toshinobu; Belikov, Dmitry; Maksyutov, Shamil] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Krol, Maarten] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Krol, Maarten; Houweling, Sander] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Bousquet, Philippe; Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey; Locatelli, Robin] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Agusti-Panareda, Anna] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Bergmann, Dan; Cameron-Smith, Philip] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA.
[Bian, Huisheng; Kawa, Stephan R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Gloor, Emanuel; Wilson, Christopher] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Fraser, Annemarie; Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, School GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Gatti, Luciana V.] Inst Pesquisas Energet & Nucl, Div Quim Ambiental, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
[Hess, Peter] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Law, Rachel M.; Loh, Zoe] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Meng, Lei] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
[Meng, Lei] Western Michigan Univ, Environm Studies Program, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
[Prinn, Ronald G.; Rigby, Matthew] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Rigby, Matthew] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England.
RP Patra, PK (reprint author), Res Inst Global Change JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
EM prabir@jamstec.go.jp
RI Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Meng, Lei/H-5253-2013; Chipperfield,
Martyn/H-6359-2013; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Kawa,
Stephan/E-9040-2012; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Maksyutov,
Shamil/G-6494-2011; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Belikov,
Dmitry/I-9877-2016; Fraser, Annemarie/D-3874-2012; Krol,
Maarten/E-3414-2013; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Palmer,
Paul/F-7008-2010
OI Wilson, Chris/0000-0001-8494-0697; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927;
Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Rigby,
Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627;
Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796;
Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301;
FU JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI-A [22241008]; UK Natural Environment Research Council
National Centre for Earth Observation; NASA-AGAGE [NNX07AE89G,
NNX11AF17G]; NERC Advanced Fellowship; NERC/NCEO; European Community
[283576]
FX This work was supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI-A (grant 22241008). A.
Fraser was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council
National Centre for Earth Observation. We acknowledge the work of J.
McGregor and M. Thatcher in the development of CCAM. CCAM simulations
were undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program
and used the NCI National Facility in Canberra, ACT, Australia. R. Prinn
andM. Rigby were supported by NASA-AGAGE grants NNX07AE89G and
NNX11AF17G to MIT. M. Rigby was also supported by a NERC Advanced
Fellowship. The TOMCAT work at the University of Leeds was supported by
NERC/NCEO. The research leading to the IFS results has received funding
from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7 THEME
(SPA.2011.1.5-02)] under grant 283576 in the context of the MACC-II
project (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate-Interim
Implementation). We sincerely thank all three anonymous reviewers for
critical evaluation and providing very helpful comments and suggestions
for improving the article.
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 9
BP 3891
EP 3904
DI 10.1002/jgrd.50380
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 155JU
UT WOS:000319744700032
ER
PT J
AU Wright, C
Holmes, J
Nibler, JW
Hedberg, K
White, JD
Hedberg, L
Weber, A
Blake, TA
AF Wright, Corey
Holmes, Joshua
Nibler, Joseph W.
Hedberg, Kenneth
White, James D.
Hedberg, Lise
Weber, Alfons
Blake, Thomas A.
TI High-Resolution Infrared and Electron-Diffraction Studies of
Trimethylenecyclopropane ([3]-Radialene)
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID SYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES; SPECTRA; CYCLOPROPANE; SPECTROSCOPY;
FREQUENCIES; PROGRAM; STATES
AB Combined high-resolution spectroscopic, electron-diffraction, and quantum theoretical methods are particularly advantageous for small molecules of high symmetry and can yield accurate structures that reveal subtle effects of electron delocalization on molecular bonds. The smallest of the radialene compounds, trimethylenecydopropane, [3]-radialene, has been synthesized and examined by these methods. The first high-resolution infrared spectra have been obtained for this molecule of D-3h symmetry, leading to an accurate B-0 rotational constant value of 0.1378629(8) cm(-1), within 0.5% of the value obtained from electronic structure calculations (density functional theory (DFT), B3LYP/cc-pVTZ). This result is employed in an analysis of electron-diffraction data to obtain the r(z) bond lengths (in angstrom): C-H = 1.072(17), C-C = 1.437(4), and C=C = 1.330(4). The results indicate that the effects of rehybridization and pi-electron delocalization affects each result in a shortening of about 0.05 angstrom for the C-C bond in radialene compared to ethane. The analysis does not lead to an accurate value of the HCH angle; however, from comparisons of theoretical and experimental angles for similar compounds, the theoretical prediction of 117.5 degrees is believed to be reliable to within 2 degrees.
C1 [Wright, Corey; Holmes, Joshua; Nibler, Joseph W.; Hedberg, Kenneth; White, James D.; Hedberg, Lise] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
[Weber, Alfons] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM Joseph.Nibler@oregonstate.edu
FU Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; National Science Foundation [CHE
0613298]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental
Research; United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial
Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830]
FX We gratefully acknowledge partial support for this work from a Senior
Scientist Mentor Award by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
(J.W.N.), and the National Science Foundation under Grant CHE 0613298
(K.H.). The research described here was performed, in part, in EMSL, a
national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of
Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the
United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute
under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, and materials are identified in the paper to adequately
specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply
recommendations or endorsements by the National Institute of Standards
and Technology or the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, nor does it
imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the
best available for the purpose.
NR 50
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 19
BP 4035
EP 4043
DI 10.1021/jp401813t
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 152SN
UT WOS:000319551500017
PM 23594255
ER
PT J
AU Kyba, CCM
Wagner, JM
Kuechly, HU
Walker, CE
Elvidge, CD
Falchi, F
Ruhtz, T
Fischer, J
Holker, F
AF Kyba, Christopher C. M.
Wagner, Janna M.
Kuechly, Helga U.
Walker, Constance E.
Elvidge, Christopher D.
Falchi, Fabio
Ruhtz, Thomas
Fischer, Juergen
Hoelker, Franz
TI Citizen Science Provides Valuable Data for Monitoring Global Night Sky
Luminance
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHT-POLLUTION; BRIGHTNESS; PROPAGATION; RADIANCES; WORLD
AB The skyglow produced by artificial lights at night is one of the most dramatic anthropogenic modifications of Earth's biosphere. The GLOBE at Night citizen science project allows individual observers to quantify skyglow using star maps showing different levels of light pollution. We show that aggregated GLOBE at Night data depend strongly on artificial skyglow, and could be used to track lighting changes worldwide. Naked eye time series can be expected to be very stable, due to the slow pace of human eye evolution. The standard deviation of an individual GLOBE at Night observation is found to be 1.2 stellar magnitudes. Zenith skyglow estimates from the "First World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness" are tested using a subset of the GLOBE at Night data. Although we find the World Atlas overestimates sky brightness in the very center of large cities, its predictions for Milky Way visibility are accurate.
C1 [Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Ruhtz, Thomas; Fischer, Juergen] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Berlin, Germany.
[Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Wagner, Janna M.; Kuechly, Helga U.; Hoelker, Franz] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
[Walker, Constance E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA.
[Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA.
[Falchi, Fabio] Light Pollut Sci & Technol Inst ISTIL, Thiene, Italy.
RP Kyba, CCM (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Berlin, Germany.
EM christopher.kyba@wew.fu-berlin.de
RI Holker, Franz/A-5683-2009; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009
OI Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X;
FU Verlust der Nacht project; Federal Ministry of Education and Research,
Germany [BMBF-033L038A]; project (IFV) Lichtimmissionen im offentlichen
Raum; Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research,
Germany
FX We thank Ania Wisniewska for her visit to Berlin under the Erasmus
student exchange program, during which the idea for this manuscript was
conceived. We also thank Paul Marchant for reviewing an early version of
the manuscript. This work was supported by the Verlust der Nacht project
(funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany,
BMBF-033L038A) and the project (IFV) Lichtimmissionen im offentlichen
Raum (funded by the Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Technology
and Research, Germany).
NR 40
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 37
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD MAY 16
PY 2013
VL 3
AR 1835
DI 10.1038/srep01835
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 144TZ
UT WOS:000318964600001
PM 23677222
ER
PT J
AU Pouget, S
Bursik, M
Webley, P
Dehn, J
Pavolonis, M
AF Pouget, Solene
Bursik, Marcus
Webley, Peter
Dehn, Jon
Pavolonis, Michael
TI Estimation of eruption source parameters from umbrella cloud or downwind
plume growth rate
SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Umbrella cloud; Downwind plume; Mass loading; Volcanic plume;
Eyjafjallajokull; Pinatubo; Mount St. Helens; Redoubt; Sarychev Peak;
Kliuchevsko'i; Kasatochi; Okmok; Hekla
ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; VOLCANIC PLUMES; GRAVITY CURRENT;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PINATUBO; SEDIMENTATION; HEIGHT; TEPHRA; HEKLA;
WIND
AB We introduce a new method to estimate mass eruption rate (MER) and mass loading from the growth of a volcanic umbrella cloud or downwind plume using satellite images, or photographs where ground-based observations are available. This new method is compared with pre-existing models and documented mass eruption rate given in the research literature. We applied the method to five well-studied eruptions (Mount St. Helens, 1980; Redoubt, 1990; Pinatubo, 1991; Hekla, 2000 and Eyjatjallajokull, 2010) and to five less well-documented eruptions (Kliuchevsko'i, 1994; Okmok, 2008; Kasatochi, 2008; Sarychev Peak, 2009 and Bezymianny, 2012). The mass eruption rate is obtained by estimation of the radius of the umbrella cloud with time or by estimation of the width of the downwind plume with distance from the volcano. The results given by the new method show a more fully characterized MER as a function of time than do the results given by pre-existing methods, and allow a faster, remote assessment of the mass eruption rate, even for volcanoes that are difficult to study. The method thus may provide an additional important path to the estimation of source parameters and the forecasting of ash cloud propagation. In addition, in cases where numerous methods are available, use of the method yields new, independent measures of mass eruption rate, hence an ability to estimate uncertainty in mass eruption rate, which could be used in probabilistic estimations of ash cloud propagation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pouget, Solene; Bursik, Marcus] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Webley, Peter; Dehn, Jon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Pavolonis, Michael] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Adv Satellite Prod Team, Madison, WI USA.
RP Pouget, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, 411 Cook Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM solenepo@buffalo.edu
RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015
OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151
FU NSF-IDR CMMI [1131074]; AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0336]
FX This research was supported by the NSF-IDR CMMI grant number 1131074 to
E. B. Pitman, and by AFOSR grant number FA9550-11-1-0336 to A.K Patra.
All results and opinions expressed in the foregoing are those of the
authors and do not reflect opinions of NSF or AFOSR. We thank A. Patra,
E.B. Pitman, T. Singh, P. Singla, M. Jones, D. Morton, R. Stefanescu and
R. Madankan for useful feedback on the work presented herein and drafts
of the ms as well as the reviewers.
NR 42
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0273
J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES
JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 258
BP 100
EP 112
DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.04.002
PG 13
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 171EF
UT WOS:000320907200008
ER
PT J
AU Morzaria-Luna, HN
Ainsworth, CH
Kaplan, IC
Levin, PS
Fulton, EA
AF Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini
Ainsworth, Cameron H.
Kaplan, Isaac C.
Levin, Phillip S.
Fulton, Elizabeth A.
TI Indirect Effects of Conservation Policies on the Coupled Human-Natural
Ecosystem of the Upper Gulf of California
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID VAQUITA PHOCOENA-SINUS; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
SEABIRD BYCATCH; SHRIMP FISHERY; SEA-TURTLE; MODELS; MEXICO; CHALLENGES;
POPULATIONS
AB High bycatch of non-target species and species of conservation concern often drives the implementation of fisheries policies. However, species-or fishery-specific policies may lead to indirect consequences, positive or negative, for other species or fisheries. We use an Atlantis ecosystem model of the Northern Gulf of California to evaluate the effects of fisheries policies directed at reducing bycatch of vaquita (Phocoena sinus) on other species of conservation concern, priority target species, and metrics of ecosystem function and structure. Vaquita, a Critically Endangered porpoise endemic to the Upper Gulf of California, are frequently entangled by finfish gillnets and shrimp driftnets. We tested five fishery management scenarios, projected over 30 years (2008 to 2038), directed at vaquita conservation. The scenarios consider progressively larger spatial restrictions for finfish gillnets and shrimp driftnets. The most restrictive scenario resulted in the highest biomass of species of conservation concern; the scenario without any conservation measures in place resulted in the lowest. Vaquita experienced the largest population increase of any functional group; their biomass increased 2.7 times relative to initial (2008) levels under the most restrictive spatial closure scenario. Bycatch of sea lions, sea turtles, and totoaba decreased. 80% in shrimp driftnets and at least 20% in finfish gillnet fleets under spatial management. We found indirect effects on species and ecosystem function and structure as a result of vaquita management actions. Biomass and catch of forage fish declined, which could affect lower-trophic level fisheries, while other species such as skates, rays, and sharks increased in both biomass and catch. When comparing across performance metrics, we found that scenarios that increased ecosystem function and structure resulted in lower economic performance indicators, underscoring the need for management actions that consider ecological and economic tradeoffs as part of the integrated management of the Upper Gulf of California.
C1 [Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini; Ainsworth, Cameron H.] Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer Inc, Seattle, WA USA.
[Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Fulton, Elizabeth A.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Wealth Oceans Flag, Div Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
RP Morzaria-Luna, HN (reprint author), Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer Inc, Seattle, WA USA.
EM HemNalini.MorzariaLuna@noaa.gov
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX This project was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
Atlantis code development was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 99
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 62
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 5
AR e64085
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0064085
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 145XK
UT WOS:000319052700079
PM 23691155
ER
PT J
AU Pereira, MD
Becerra, FE
Glebov, BL
Fan, JY
Nam, SW
Migdall, A
AF Pereira, Marcelo Da Cunha
Becerra, Francisco E.
Glebov, Boris L.
Fan, Jingyun
Nam, Sae Woo
Migdall, Alan
TI Demonstrating highly symmetric single-mode, single-photon heralding
efficiency in spontaneous parametric downconversion
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; PODOLSKY-ROSEN EXPERIMENT; DETECTOR
AB We demonstrate a symmetric, single-spatial-mode, single-photon heralding efficiency of 84% for a type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion process. High-efficiency, single-spatial mode collection is key to enabling many quantum information processing and quantum metrology applications.
C1 [Pereira, Marcelo Da Cunha; Becerra, Francisco E.; Glebov, Boris L.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pereira, Marcelo Da Cunha; Becerra, Francisco E.; Glebov, Boris L.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pereira, Marcelo Da Cunha] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fan, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jfan@nist.gov
FU Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; Brazilian
funding agency FAPEMIG
FX This research is partially supported by Physics Frontier Center at the
Joint Quantum Institute. M. D. C. P. acknowledges support from the
Brazilian funding agency FAPEMIG.
NR 21
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 16
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 10
BP 1609
EP 1611
DI 10.1364/OL.38.001609
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 146SF
UT WOS:000319110500007
PM 23938885
ER
PT J
AU Fortier, TM
Quinlan, F
Hati, A
Nelson, C
Taylor, JA
Fu, Y
Campbell, J
Diddams, SA
AF Fortier, Tara M.
Quinlan, Franklyn
Hati, Archita
Nelson, Craig
Taylor, Jennifer A.
Fu, Yang
Campbell, Joe
Diddams, Scott A.
TI Photonic microwave generation with high-power photodiodes
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; PHASE-NOISE; SIGNALS; LASER; CLOCKS; GHZ
AB We utilized and characterized high-power, high-linearity modified unitraveling carrier (MUTC) photodiodes for low-phase-noise photonic microwave generation based on optical frequency division (OFD). When illuminated with picosecond pulses from a repetition-rate-multiplied gigahertz Ti:sapphire modelocked laser, the photodiodes can achieve a 10 GHz signal power of +14 dBm. Using these diodes, we generated a 10 GHz microwave tone with less than 500 attoseconds absolute integrated timing jitter (1 Hz-10 MHz) and a phase noise floor of -177 dBc/Hz. We also characterized the electrical response, amplitude-to-phase conversion, saturation, and residual noise of the MUTC photodiodes.
C1 [Fortier, Tara M.; Quinlan, Franklyn; Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig; Taylor, Jennifer A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Fu, Yang; Campbell, Joe] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
FX We thank A. Ludlow and T. Rosenband for providing stable CW laser light
for the OFDs, and G.Ycas and F. Giorgetta for helpful comments. This
research was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) E-PHI and PULSE programs.
NR 22
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 4
U2 26
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 10
BP 1712
EP 1714
DI 10.1364/OL.38.001712
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 146SF
UT WOS:000319110500042
PM 23938920
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, CJ
Deng, L
Hagley, EW
AF Zhu, Chengjie
Deng, L.
Hagley, E. W.
TI Highly efficient counter-propagation-beams narrow-band ultraviolet
frequency conversion in a quantum gas
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; EMISSIONS; VAPOR; RAMAN
AB We show that highly efficient ultraviolet frequency up conversion can be established in a single-component quantum gas in the counter-propagating weak pump beam geometry where no frequency up conversion can occur in a normal gas. We also show that all light-wave mixing and scattering processes in quantum gases originating from elementary excitations characterized by efficient collective atomic recoil motion are stimulated Raman/hyper-Raman in nature. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
C1 [Zhu, Chengjie; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhu, Chengjie] E China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lu.deng@nist.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 10
BP 1718
EP 1720
DI 10.1364/OL.38.001718
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 146SF
UT WOS:000319110500044
PM 23938922
ER
PT J
AU Kumari, H
Dennis, CL
Mossine, AV
Deakyne, CA
Atwood, JL
AF Kumari, Harshita
Dennis, Cindi L.
Mossine, Andrew V.
Deakyne, Carol A.
Atwood, Jerry L.
TI Magnetic Differentiation of Pyrogallol[4]arene Tubular and Capsular
Frameworks
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID HOST-GUEST INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC NANOCAPSULES; BINDING-PROPERTIES;
CAVITY INTERPLAY; HYDROGEN-BONDS; ENDO-CAVITY; NANOTUBES; MULTILAYERS;
MOLECULES; DRIVEN
AB The differences in magnetic properties of metal-based nanometric assemblies are due to distinct contributions from host-guest interactions, structural integrity, and magnetic interactions. To disentangle these contributions, it is necessary to control the self-assembly process that forms these entities. Herein we study the effect of host-to-guest ratios to identify remarkably different structural magnetic contributions of C-methylpyrogallol[4]areneCferrocene/(PgC(1))(2)subset of Fc dimers vs (PgC(1))(3)CFc nanotubes. At low temperature, a weak anti-ferromagnetic alignment is observed, suggesting a weak dipolar interaction between Fc guest moieties within adjacent dimers or tubes. Also, differences are observed between magnetic atom occupancy as a function of guest (PgC(1)subset of Fc tube/dimer) versus magnetic atom occupancy within the framework wall (PgC(3)Ni hexamer/dimer). Identification of the role of the framework shape and metal metal distances in the crystal lattice opens up unparalleled prospects for materials engineering.
C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Mossine, Andrew V.; Deakyne, Carol A.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Dennis, Cindi L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 South Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM atwoodj@missouri.edu
FU National Science Foundation
FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support of this research
(J.L.A.).
NR 38
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 6
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 135
IS 19
BP 7110
EP 7113
DI 10.1021/ja402496x
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 148NB
UT WOS:000319250200008
PM 23611449
ER
PT J
AU Cockayne, E
Levin, I
Wu, H
Llobet, A
AF Cockayne, Eric
Levin, Igor
Wu, Hui
Llobet, Anna
TI Magnetic structure of bixbyite alpha-Mn2O3: A combined DFT+U and neutron
diffraction study
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONS
AB First-principles density functional theory DFT+U calculations and experimental neutron diffraction structure analyses were used to determine the low-temperature crystallographic and magnetic structure of bixbyite alpha-Mn2O3. The energies of various magnetic arrangements, calculated from first principles, were fit to a cluster-expansion model using a Bayesian method that overcomes a problem of underfitting caused by the limited number of input magnetic configurations. The model was used to predict the lowest-energy magnetic states. Experimental determination of magnetic structure benefited from an optimized sample synthesis, which produced crystallite sizes large enough to yield a clear splitting of peaks in the neutron powder diffraction patterns, thereby enabling magnetic-structure refinements under the correct orthorhombic symmetry. The refinements employed group theory to constrain magnetic models. Computational and experimental analyses independently converged to similar ground states, with identical antiferromagnetic ordering along a principal magnetic axis and secondary ordering along a single orthogonal axis, differing only by a phase factor in the modulation patterns. The lowest-energy magnetic states are compromise solutions to frustrated antiferromagnetic interactions between certain corner-sharing [MnO6] octahedra.
C1 [Cockayne, Eric; Levin, Igor; Wu, Hui] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Llobet, Anna] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov
RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204
FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work has benefited from the use of HIPD at the Lujan Center at Los
Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy
Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos
National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 5
U2 58
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 18
AR 184413
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.184413
PG 11
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 146TP
UT WOS:000319115100002
ER
PT J
AU Kim, JM
Fang, J
Eberle, APR
Castaneda-Priego, R
Wagner, NJ
AF Kim, Jung Min
Fang, Jun
Eberle, Aaron P. R.
Castaneda-Priego, Ramon
Wagner, Norman J.
TI Gel Transition in Adhesive Hard-Sphere Colloidal Dispersions: The Role
of Gravitational Effects
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMER MIXTURE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MODEL; PERCOLATION; GELATION;
SEDIMENTATION; MICROGRAVITY; PARTICLES; STATES
AB The role of gravity in gelation of adhesive hard spheres is studied and a critical criterion developed for homogeneous gelation within the gas-liquid binodal. We hypothesize that gelation by Brownian diffusion competes with phase separation enhanced by gravitational settling. This competition is characterized by the gravitational Peclet number Pe(g), which is a function of particle size, volume fraction, and gravitational acceleration. Through a systematic variation of the parameters, we observe the critical Pe(g) of similar to 0.01 can predict the stability of gels composed of adhesive hard spheres.
C1 [Kim, Jung Min; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Fang, Jun] Arkema Inc, Analyt & Syst Res, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA.
[Eberle, Aaron P. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Castaneda-Priego, Ramon] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Leon 37150, Mexico.
RP Wagner, NJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM wagnernj@udel.edu
RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Kim, Jung Min/H-4043-2014
OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Kim, Jung Min/0000-0001-6210-4540
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NIST [70NANB7H6178]
FX We thank Wilson Poon, Francesco Sciortino, Yun Liu, Paul Butler, Lilin
He, Yuri Melnichenko, and H. Henning Winter for helpful discussions,
SANS, and gelation. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. A
portion of this Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux
Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences. Funding for this work was provided by the NIST
Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB7H6178.
NR 25
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 60
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 20
AR 208302
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.208302
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 146UO
UT WOS:000319118800008
PM 25167458
ER
PT J
AU Starowicz, P
Schwab, H
Goraus, J
Zajdel, P
Forster, F
Rak, JR
Green, MA
Vobornik, I
Reinert, F
AF Starowicz, P.
Schwab, H.
Goraus, J.
Zajdel, P.
Forster, F.
Rak, J. R.
Green, M. A.
Vobornik, I.
Reinert, F.
TI A flat band at the chemical potential of a Fe1.03Te0.94S0.06
superconductor observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; GAP
AB The electronic structure of superconducting Fe1.03Te0.94S0.06 has been studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Experimental band topography is compared to the calculations using the methods of Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) with the coherent potential approximation (CPA) and the linearized augmented plane wave with local orbitals (LAPW + LO) method. The region of the Gamma point exhibits two hole pockets and a quasiparticle peak close to the chemical potential (mu) with undetectable dispersion. This flat band with mainly d(z2) orbital character is most likely formed by the top of the outer hole pocket or is evidence of a third hole band. It may cover up to 3% of the Brillouin zone volume and should give rise to a Van Hove singularity. Studies performed for various photon energies indicate that at least one of the hole pockets has a two-dimensional character. The apparently nondispersing peak at Fe mu is clearly visible for 40 eV and higher photon energies, due to an effect of the photoionization cross-section rather than band dimensionality. Orbital characters calculated by LAPW + LO for stoichiometric FeTe do not reveal the flat d(z2) band but are in agreement with the experiment for the other dispersions around Gamma in Fe1.03Te0.94S0.06.
C1 [Starowicz, P.; Rak, J. R.] Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
[Schwab, H.; Forster, F.; Reinert, F.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
[Schwab, H.; Forster, F.; Reinert, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Gemeinschaftslab Nanoanal, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Goraus, J.; Zajdel, P.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
[Green, M. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Green, M. A.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England.
[Vobornik, I.] CNR IOM, TASC Lab, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
RP Starowicz, P (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland.
EM pawel.starowicz@uj.edu.pl
RI Reinert, Friedrich/J-3005-2013; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Vobornik,
Ivana/B-9463-2015; Vobornik, Ivana/A-7461-2011
OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; Vobornik, Ivana/0000-0001-9957-3535
FU DFG [FOR1162]; Polish National Science Centre grant
[2011/01/B/ST3/00425]; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
[226716]
FX HS, FF and FR acknowledge the support by the DFG through FOR1162. The
study has been supported by Polish National Science Centre grant
2011/01/B/ST3/00425. PZ acknowledges use of the equipment at the UMD
Nanoscale Imaging Spectroscopy and Properties Laboratory. The research
leading to these results has received funding from the European
Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant
agreement number 226716.
NR 48
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 57
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 25
IS 19
AR 195701
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/25/19/195701
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 132LP
UT WOS:000318070100021
PM 23604265
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
Kaduk, JA
Huang, Q
Espinal, L
Li, L
Burress, JW
AF Wong-Ng, W.
Kaduk, J. A.
Huang, Q.
Espinal, L.
Li, L.
Burress, J. W.
TI Investigation of NaY Zeolite with adsorbed CO2 by neutron powder
diffraction
SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Crystal structure of NaY zeolite with CO2; Migration of the extra
framework Na cations; Neutron diffraction; DFT calculations
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO
SIMULATIONS; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE;
AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SCATTERING
EXPERIMENTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FAUJASITE SYSTEMS
AB The crystal structure of dehydrated NaY zeolite (Na-FAU structure type) with and without adsorbed CO2 has been determined at 4 K and at room temperature (RT) using neutron powder diffraction techniques. The CO2-containing sample was prepared at 195 K and 0.1 MPa p(CO2) (dry ice sublimation conditions). Neutron diffraction data provides direct evidence that adsorption of CO2 results in significant migration of the extraframework Na cations in the zeolite structure. At 4 K, 45 of the apparent 76 CO2/cell were located in two crystallographically independent sites bonding to the Na cations (Nab) in the supercage site II. While the CO2 molecule in the first site has a linear configuration interacting with Na! 0 via one terminal oxygen, the CO2 molecule in the second site appears to have a bent O-C-O configuration (148.3(3)degrees), with both oxygen atoms coordinating to two symmetry-related Na10. Using DFT total energy calculations we found that the Na-CO2 interaction slightly facilitates the bending motion for CO2 by decreasing the energy cost for the 148.3(3)degrees bond angle by approximate to 0.2 eV/CO2. However, this Na-CO2 interaction is not enough to cause a 32 degrees bond angle distortion in CO2 (the energy cost of approximate to 0.66 eV/CO2). We propose that rotational disorder plays a significant role in the appearance of the bent CO2, while a small bending is possible. Our studies will help to provide a basis for interpreting CO2 adsorption phenomena in NaY and related zeolites. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Espinal, L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kaduk, J. A.] IIT, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
[Huang, Q.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, L.] Boise State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA.
[Burress, J. W.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
NR 57
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 5
U2 59
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-1811
EI 1873-3093
J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT
JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat.
PD MAY 15
PY 2013
VL 172
BP 95
EP 104
DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.01.024
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 117AG
UT WOS:000316923900013
ER
PT J
AU Stoltzfus, A
Lapp, H
Matasci, N
Deus, H
Sidlauskas, B
Zmasek, CM
Vaidya, G
Pontelli, E
Cranston, K
Vos, R
Webb, CO
Harmon, LJ
Pirrung, M
O'Meara, B
Pennell, MW
Mirarab, S
Rosenberg, MS
Balhoff, JP
Bik, HM
Heath, TA
Midford, PE
Brown, JW
McTavish, EJ
Sukumaran, J
Westneat, M
Alfaro, ME
Steele, A
Jordan, G
AF Stoltzfus, Arlin
Lapp, Hilmar
Matasci, Naim
Deus, Helena
Sidlauskas, Brian
Zmasek, Christian M.
Vaidya, Gaurav
Pontelli, Enrico
Cranston, Karen
Vos, Rutger
Webb, Campbell O.
Harmon, Luke J.
Pirrung, Megan
O'Meara, Brian
Pennell, Matthew W.
Mirarab, Siavash
Rosenberg, Michael S.
Balhoff, James P.
Bik, Holly M.
Heath, Tracy A.
Midford, Peter E.
Brown, Joseph W.
McTavish, Emily Jane
Sukumaran, Jeet
Westneat, Mark
Alfaro, Michael E.
Steele, Aaron
Jordan, Greg
TI Phylotastic! Making tree-of-life knowledge accessible, reusable and
convenient
SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Hackathon; Web services; Data reuse; Tree of life
ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; WEB;
INFORMATION; EVOLUTION; DUPLICATION; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; SEQUENCE
AB Background: Scientists rarely reuse expert knowledge of phylogeny, in spite of years of effort to assemble a great "Tree of Life" (ToL). A notable exception involves the use of Phylomatic, which provides tools to generate custom phylogenies from a large, pre-computed, expert phylogeny of plant taxa. This suggests great potential for a more generalized system that, starting with a query consisting of a list of any known species, would rectify non-standard names, identify expert phylogenies containing the implicated taxa, prune away unneeded parts, and supply branch lengths and annotations, resulting in a custom phylogeny suited to the user's needs. Such a system could become a sustainable community resource if implemented as a distributed system of loosely coupled parts that interact through clearly defined interfaces.
Results: With the aim of building such a "phylotastic" system, the NESCent Hackathons, Interoperability, Phylogenies (HIP) working group recruited 2 dozen scientist-programmers to a weeklong programming hackathon in June 2012. During the hackathon (and a three-month follow-up period), 5 teams produced designs, implementations, documentation, presentations, and tests including: (1) a generalized scheme for integrating components; (2) proof-of-concept pruners and controllers; (3) a meta-API for taxonomic name resolution services; (4) a system for storing, finding, and retrieving phylogenies using semantic web technologies for data exchange, storage, and querying; (5) an innovative new service, DateLife.org, which synthesizes pre-computed, time-calibrated phylogenies to assign ages to nodes; and (6) demonstration projects. These outcomes are accessible via a public code repository (GitHub.com), a website (www.phylotastic.org), and a server image.
Conclusions: Approximately 9 person-months of effort (centered on a software development hackathon) resulted in the design and implementation of proof-of-concept software for 4 core phylotastic components, 3 controllers, and 3 end-user demonstration tools. While these products have substantial limitations, they suggest considerable potential for a distributed system that makes phylogenetic knowledge readily accessible in computable form. Widespread use of phylotastic systems will create an electronic marketplace for sharing phylogenetic knowledge that will spur innovation in other areas of the ToL enterprise, such as annotation of sources and methods and third-party methods of quality assessment.
C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IBBR, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lapp, Hilmar; Cranston, Karen; Balhoff, James P.; Midford, Peter E.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
[Matasci, Naim] Univ Arizona, iPlant Collaborat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Matasci, Naim] Univ Arizona, EEB Dept, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Deus, Helena] Natl Univ Ireland, Digital Enterprise Res Inst, Galway, Ireland.
[Sidlauskas, Brian] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Zmasek, Christian M.] Sanford Burnham Med Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Vaidya, Gaurav] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Pontelli, Enrico] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
[Vos, Rutger] NCB Nat, NL-2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands.
[Webb, Campbell O.] Harvard Univ, Arnold Arboretum, Boston, MA 02130 USA.
[Harmon, Luke J.; Pennell, Matthew W.; Brown, Joseph W.] Univ Idaho, Inst Bioinformat & Evolutionary Studies IBEST, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Pirrung, Megan] Univ Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
[O'Meara, Brian] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Mirarab, Siavash] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Comp Sci, Austin, TX 78701 USA.
[Rosenberg, Michael S.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Evolutionary Med & Informat, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Rosenberg, Michael S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Bik, Holly M.] UC Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA.
[Heath, Tracy A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[McTavish, Emily Jane] Univ Texas Austin, BEACON, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Sukumaran, Jeet] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Westneat, Mark] Field Museum Nat Hist, Biodivers Synth Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
[Alfaro, Michael E.] South Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Steele, Aaron] Univ Calif Berkeley, UC Berkeley Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Jordan, Greg] Paperpile, Somerville, MA 02143 USA.
RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IBBR, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM arlin@umd.edu
RI Rosenberg, Michael/A-4621-2008; Vos, Rutger/H-9032-2012; Brown,
Joseph/A-7713-2009;
OI Rosenberg, Michael/0000-0001-7882-2467; Matasci,
Naim/0000-0003-4416-048X; O'Meara, Brian/0000-0002-0337-5997; Vos,
Rutger/0000-0001-9254-7318; Brown, Joseph/0000-0002-3835-8062; Webb,
Campbell/0000-0003-1031-3249; Lapp, Hilmar/0000-0001-9107-0714; Vaidya,
Gaurav/0000-0003-0587-0454; Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357;
McTavish, Emily Jane/0000-0001-9766-5727; Cranston, Karen
Ann/0000-0002-4798-9499; Sidlauskas, Brian/0000-0003-0597-4085; Balhoff,
James/0000-0002-8688-6599
FU NESCent (the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center); NSF [EF-0905606];
iPlant Collaborative (NSF) [DBI-0735191]; Biodiversity Synthesis Center
(BioSync) of the Encyclopedia of Life
FX We thank Mark Holder (TreeStore), Ben Vandervalk (Architecture), Chris
Baron (Shiny) and Jon Eastman (DateLife) for their contributions to the
hackathon, and we thank Mark Wilkinson and Sergei Pond for participating
in the first Leadership Team meeting. We thank Danielle Wilson, David
Palmer, and Mattison Ward for administrative and IT support. Supported
by NESCent (the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, NSF
#EF-0905606), the iPlant Collaborative (NSF #DBI-0735191), and the
Biodiversity Synthesis Center (BioSync) of the Encyclopedia of Life.
Additional funding for travel expenses was provided to RV by the
Naturalis Research Incentive budget. The identification of any specific
commercial products is for the purpose of specifying a protocol, and
does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology.
NR 65
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 43
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1471-2105
J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS
JI BMC Bioinformatics
PD MAY 13
PY 2013
VL 14
AR 158
DI 10.1186/1471-2105-14-158
PG 17
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA 155JN
UT WOS:000319743900001
PM 23668630
ER
PT J
AU McGee, SA
Meiser, D
Regal, CA
Lehnert, KW
Holland, MJ
AF McGee, S. A.
Meiser, D.
Regal, C. A.
Lehnert, K. W.
Holland, M. J.
TI Mechanical resonators for storage and transfer of electrical and optical
quantum states
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-STATE; OSCILLATOR; COHERENT
AB We study an optomechanical system in which a microwave field and an optical field are coupled to a common mechanical resonator. We explore methods that use these mechanical resonators to store quantum-mechanical states and to transduce states between the electromagnetic resonators from the perspective of the effect of mechanical decoherence. Besides being of fundamental interest, this coherent quantum state transfer could have important practical implications in the field of quantum information science, as it potentially allows one to overcome intrinsic limitations of both microwave and optical platforms. We discuss several state transfer protocols and study their transfer fidelity using a fully quantum-mechanical model that utilizes quantum state diffusion techniques. This work demonstrates that mechanical decoherence should not be an insurmountable obstacle in realizing high-fidelity storage and transduction.
C1 [McGee, S. A.; Meiser, D.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McGee, S. A.; Meiser, D.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.; Holland, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Meiser, D.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McGee, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649
FU National Science Foundation; DARPA QuASAR program
FX We would like to thank Tauno Palomaki for insightful discussions. This
work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the DARPA
QuASAR program.
NR 30
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
EI 1094-1622
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 13
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 5
AR 053818
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.053818
PG 9
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 145XU
UT WOS:000319054000014
ER
PT J
AU Mizrahi, J
Senko, C
Neyenhuis, B
Johnson, KG
Campbell, WC
Conover, CWS
Monroe, C
AF Mizrahi, J.
Senko, C.
Neyenhuis, B.
Johnson, K. G.
Campbell, W. C.
Conover, C. W. S.
Monroe, C.
TI Ultrafast Spin-Motion Entanglement and Interferometry with a Single Atom
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAPPED IONS; QUANTUM SIMULATOR; STATES; GATES
AB We report entanglement of a single atom's hyperfine spin state with its motional state in a time scale of less than 3 ns. We engineer a short train of intense laser pulses to impart a spin-dependent momentum transfer of +/- 2hk. Using pairs of momentum kicks, we create an atomic interferometer and demonstrate collapse and revival of spin coherence as the motional wave packet is split and recombined. The revival after a pair of kicks occurs only when the second kick is delayed by an integer multiple of the harmonic trap period, a signature of entanglement and disentanglement of the spin with the motion. Such quantum control opens a new regime of ultrafast entanglement in atomic qubits.
C1 [Mizrahi, J.; Senko, C.; Neyenhuis, B.; Johnson, K. G.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Mizrahi, J.; Senko, C.; Neyenhuis, B.; Johnson, K. G.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Campbell, W. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Conover, C. W. S.] Colby Coll, Dept Phys, Waterville, ME 04901 USA.
RP Mizrahi, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM jmizrahi@umd.edu
RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011
FU U.S. Army Research Office; DARPA OLE program, IARPA; MURI program; NSF
PIF Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; European Commission
AQUTE program
FX This work is supported by grants from the U.S. Army Research Office with
funding from the DARPA OLE program, IARPA, and the MURI program; the NSF
PIF Program; the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; and the European
Commission AQUTE program.
NR 20
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 13
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 20
AR 203001
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.203001
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 146AX
UT WOS:000319062300004
PM 25167401
ER
PT J
AU Dutta, D
Feldblyum, JI
Gidley, DW
Imirzian, J
Liu, M
Matzger, AJ
Vallery, RS
Wong-Foy, AG
AF Dutta, Dhanadeep
Feldblyum, Jeremy I.
Gidley, David W.
Imirzian, James
Liu, Ming
Matzger, Adam J.
Vallery, Richard S.
Wong-Foy, Antek G.
TI Evidence of Positronium Bloch States in Porous Crystals of
Zn4O-Coordination Polymers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; THIN-FILMS; PORE-SIZE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE;
ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION; POROSITY; STORAGE;
DESIGN
AB Positronium (Ps) is shown to exist in a delocalized state in self-assembled metalorganic crystals that have large 1.3-1.5 nm cell sizes. Belonging to a class of materials with record high accessible specific surface areas, these highly porous crystals are the first to allow direct probing with simple annihilation lifetime techniques of the transport properties of long-lived triplet Ps in what is hypothesized to be a Bloch state. Delocalized Ps has unprecedented (high) Ps mobility driven primarily by weak phonon scattering with unusual and profound consequences on how Ps probes the lattice.
C1 [Dutta, Dhanadeep; Gidley, David W.; Imirzian, James] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Feldblyum, Jeremy I.; Matzger, Adam J.; Wong-Foy, Antek G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Feldblyum, Jeremy I.; Matzger, Adam J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Liu, Ming] NIST Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Ming] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Nucl Reactor Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Vallery, Richard S.] Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Phys, Allendale, MI 49401 USA.
RP Gidley, DW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM Gidley@umich.edu
RI Matzger, Adam/G-7497-2016; Feldblyum, Jeremy/B-9600-2009
OI Matzger, Adam/0000-0002-4926-2752; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-4618-9537;
Feldblyum, Jeremy/0000-0001-6667-9587
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0907369]; University of Michigan; DOE
[DE-SC0004888]; NSF
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge technical help from William Frieze
and helpful discussions with G. W. Ford and Roberto Merlin. This
positron research was supported by the National Science Foundation
(DMR-0907369) and the University of Michigan; and synthesis work was
supported by the DOE (DE-SC0004888). J.I.F. gratefully acknowledges
support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program.
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 34
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 10
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 19
AR 197403
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.197403
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 195WU
UT WOS:000322735100011
PM 23705740
ER
PT J
AU Selamet, OF
Pasaogullari, U
Spernjak, D
Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
Mat, MD
AF Selamet, O. F.
Pasaogullari, U.
Spernjak, D.
Hussey, D. S.
Jacobson, D. L.
Mat, M. D.
TI Two-phase flow in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer visualized in
situ by simultaneous neutron radiography and optical imaging
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Proton exchange membrane electrolyzer; Two-phase flow; Neutron
radiography; Optical imaging; Hydrogen production
ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; LOCAL CURRENT DISTRIBUTION;
SOLID-POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; PEM WATER ELECTROLYSIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL-CELL;
SINGLE-SERPENTINE; PERFORMANCE; HYDROGEN; PLATE; SPE
AB In proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, oxygen evolution in the anode and flooding due to water cross-over in the cathode yields two distinct two-phase transport conditions which strongly affect the performance. Two-phase transport in an electrolyzer cell is visualized by simultaneous neutron radiography and optical imaging. Optical and neutron data are used in a complementary manner to aid in understanding the two-phase flow behavior. Two different patterns of gas-bubble evolution and departure are identified: periodic growth/removal of small bubbles vs. prolonged blockage by stagnant large bubbles. In addition, the bubble distribution across the active area is not uniform due to combined effects of buoyancy and proximity to the inlet. The effects of operating parameters such as current density, temperature and water flow rate on the two-phase distribution are investigated. Higher water accumulation is detected in the cathode chamber at higher current density, even though the cathode is purged with a high flow rate of N-2.
The temperature is found to affect the volume of water; higher temperature yields less water and more gas volume in the anode chamber. Higher temperature also enhanced the water transport in the cathode chamber. Finally, water transported through the membrane to the cathode reduced the cell performance by limiting the hydrogen mass transport. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Selamet, O. F.; Pasaogullari, U.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Selamet, O. F.; Pasaogullari, U.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Clean Energy Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Selamet, O. F.; Mat, M. D.] Nigde Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-51245 Nigde, Turkey.
[Spernjak, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Selamet, OF (reprint author), Nigde Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-51245 Nigde, Turkey.
EM omerfarukselamet@nigde.edu.tr
FU Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); National Science
Foundation [CBET-0748063]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Radiation
and Biomolecular Physics Division; Director's Office of NIST; NIST
Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DEAI01-01EE50660]
FX Omer F. Selamet would like to thank the Scientific and Research Council
of Turkey (TUBITAK) for financial support for this research. Financial
support for this work from the National Science Foundation
(CBET-0748063) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by
the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Radiation and Biomolecular
Physics Division, the Director's Office of NIST, the NIST Center for
Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through Interagency
Agreement No. DEAI01-01EE50660. We thank professors Ajay K. Prasad and
Suresh G. Advani of the University of Delaware for their assistance with
the experimental setup and equipment loan, Eli Baltic of the NIST for
his help during the experiments in the NIST, and Richard S. Fu for his
help with data analysis.
NR 33
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 7
U2 60
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD MAY 10
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 14
BP 5823
EP 5835
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.087
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 148GM
UT WOS:000319232500036
ER
PT J
AU Mathew, R
Tiesinga, E
AF Mathew, Ranchu
Tiesinga, Eite
TI Controlling the group velocity of colliding atomic Bose-Einstein
condensates with Feshbach resonances
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING; GASES; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; OPTICS
AB We report on a proposal to reduce the group velocity of a small "laser" Bose-Einstein condensate upon passing through a larger "medium" condensate of the same isotopic species in analogy to slowing of light passing through dispersive media. We make use of ultracold collisions near a magnetic Feshbach resonance, which gives rise to a sharp variation in scattering length with collision energy and thereby changes the group velocity. A generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation is used to derive an expression for the group velocity in a homogeneous medium as well as for the spatial delay delta, through a finite-sized medium BEC with a Thomas-Fermi density distribution. We predict a maximum reduction of the group velocity by a half, which physically corresponds to freely propagating Feshbach molecules. For typical narrow Feshbach resonances and a medium with number density 10(15) cm(-3), up to 85% of the lower bound can be achieved, making the effect experimentally observable. We also derive constraints on the experimental realization of our proposal.
C1 [Mathew, Ranchu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Mathew, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
FU Physics Frontier Center of the National Science Foundation located at
the Joint Quantum Institute
FX We acknowledge support from the Physics Frontier Center of the National
Science Foundation located at the Joint Quantum Institute. We
acknowledge valuable discussions with Noah Bray-Ali.
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 10
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 5
AR 053608
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.053608
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 142PD
UT WOS:000318808600006
ER
PT J
AU De Decker, S
Reynaud, Y
Saulnier, D
AF De Decker, Sophie
Reynaud, Yann
Saulnier, Denis
TI First molecular evidence of cross-species induction of metalloprotease
gene expression in Vibrio strains pathogenic for Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas involving a quorum sensing system
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Quorum sensing; Crassostrea gigas; Vibrio; Metalloprotease; Gene
expression
ID SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS CULTURE; TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; GENOTYPIC
DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; HARVEYI; SPLENDIDUS; VIRULENCE; AESTUARIANUS;
LUMINESCENCE; ANGUILLARUM
AB The aim of that studywas to explore the hypothesis that a quorumsensingmechanismmodulatesmetalloprotease gene expression of two Vibrio species pathogenic for oyster, at intraspecific (Vibrio splendidus) and interspecific (V. splendidus affecting V. aestuarianus) levels. Metalloprotease activities (Vsm for V. splendidus LGP32 and Vam for V. aestuarianus 02/041) and growth curves obtained by real-time PCR assay revealed cell density-dependent metalloprotease inductions triggered between 12 h and 16 h of culture. A quorum sensing assay was then developed using a conditioned medium prepared from supernatant of a mutant strain of V. splendidus LGP32 unable to produce metalloprotease. Specific real-time qPCR assays targeting metalloprotease genes vsm and vam were performed. A relative increase in expressionwas observed for vsm and, particularly, vam in the presence of the conditioned medium, probably controlled by a quorumsensing system. The study revealed intraspecific and interspecific modulation of expression in metalloprotease genes vsm and vam in V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus.
Our experiments showed for the first time that V. splendidus is able to produce an autoinducer-like substance that displays intra- and interspecific effects on the expression of two different metalloprotease genes: vsm and vam. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
C1 [De Decker, Sophie; Reynaud, Yann] IFREMER, Lab Genet & Pathol, F-17390 La Tremblade, France.
[Saulnier, Denis] Ifremer, Ctr Tahiti, F-98719 Tahiti, Polynesie, France.
RP De Decker, S (reprint author), NOAA, NEFSC, 212 Rogers Av, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
EM sophiededecker@yahoo.com
NR 45
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD MAY 10
PY 2013
VL 392
BP 1
EP 7
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.033
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 125UP
UT WOS:000317567200001
ER
PT J
AU Orkin, VL
Khamaganov, VG
Kozlov, SN
Kurylo, MJ
AF Orkin, Vladimir L.
Khamaganov, Victor G.
Kozlov, Sergey N.
Kurylo, Michael J.
TI Measurements of Rate Constants for the OH Reactions with Bromoform
(CHBr3), CHBr2Cl, CHBrCl2, and Epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO)
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-ACCURACY MEASUREMENTS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE;
ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; IR; KINETICS
AB Measurements of the rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with bromoform (CHBr3) and epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO) were performed using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 230-370 K. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the following expressions: k(BF)(230-370 K) = (9.94 +/- 0.76) x 10(-13) exp[-(387 +/- 22)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(ECH)(230-370 K) = 1.05 x 10(-14)(T/298)(5.16) exp(+1082/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Rate constants for the reactions of OH with CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 were measured between 230 and 330 K. They can be represented by the following expressions: k(DCBM)(230-330 K) = (9.4 +/- 1.3) x 10(-13) exp[-(513 +/- 37)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(CDBM)(230-330 = (9.0 +/- 1.9) x 10(-13) exp[-(423 +/- 61)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH were estimated to be 57, 39, 72, and 96 days, respectively. The total atmospheric lifetimes of the Br-containing methanes due to both reaction with OH and photolysis were calculated to be 22, 50, and 67 days for CHBr3, CHClBr2, and CHCl2Br, respectively.
C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Khamaganov, Victor G.; Kozlov, Sergey N.; Kurylo, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov
FU Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; NATO CLG Program [ESP.EAP.CLG.983035, EST.CLG979421]
FX This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. VLO acknowledges the
support of NATO CLG Program, Grant ESP.EAP.CLG.983035 and Grant
EST.CLG979421.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD MAY 9
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 18
BP 3809
EP 3818
DI 10.1021/jp3128753
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 143UC
UT WOS:000318892700012
PM 23537427
ER
PT J
AU Giustina, M
Mech, A
Ramelow, S
Wittmann, B
Kofler, J
Beyer, J
Lita, A
Calkins, B
Gerrits, T
Nam, S
Ursin, R
Zeilinger, A
AF Giustina, Marissa
Mech, Alexandra
Ramelow, Sven
Wittmann, Bernhard
Kofler, Johannes
Beyer, Joern
Lita, Adriana
Calkins, Brice
Gerrits, Thomas
Nam, SaeWoo
Ursin, Rupert
Zeilinger, Anton
TI Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling
assumption
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; SINGLE-PHOTONS; INEQUALITY; SENSORS; ATOMS
AB The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint-namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light(1,2). All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble(3). To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell's inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms(4). Technical improvements of the photon source(5,6) and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors(7) were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments.
C1 [Giustina, Marissa; Mech, Alexandra; Ramelow, Sven; Wittmann, Bernhard; Kofler, Johannes; Ursin, Rupert; Zeilinger, Anton] Austrian Acad Sci, IQOQI, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Giustina, Marissa; Mech, Alexandra; Ramelow, Sven; Wittmann, Bernhard; Zeilinger, Anton] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Kofler, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt MPQ, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Beyer, Joern] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[Lita, Adriana; Calkins, Brice; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, SaeWoo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Giustina, M (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, IQOQI, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
EM marissa.giustina@univie.ac.at; anton.zeilinger@univie.ac.at
RI Ursin, Rupert/E-9548-2012; Ramelow, Sven/H-6798-2012
OI Ursin, Rupert/0000-0002-9403-269X; Ramelow, Sven/0000-0002-7801-4440
FU ERC [QIT4QAD 227844]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [SFB F4008, CoQuS];
Q-ESSENCE [248095]; QAP [15848]; Marie Curie Research Training Network
EMALI [MRTN-CT-2006-035369]; John Templeton Foundation; NIST Quantum
Information Science Initiative (QISI), an agency of the US Government
FX We acknowledge M. Schmidt of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in
Berlin, Germany, for assistance with setting up the TES-SQUID system.
This work was supported by the ERC (Advanced Grant number QIT4QAD
227844), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under projects SFB F4008 and
CoQuS, the grant Q-ESSENCE (number 248095), QAP (number 15848), the
Marie Curie Research Training Network EMALI (number MRTN-CT-2006-035369)
and the John Templeton Foundation. This work was also supported by the
NIST Quantum Information Science Initiative (QISI), an agency of the US
Government.
NR 29
TC 166
Z9 167
U1 3
U2 60
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD MAY 9
PY 2013
VL 497
IS 7448
BP 227
EP 230
DI 10.1038/nature12012
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 139CD
UT WOS:000318558200033
PM 23584590
ER
PT J
AU Khripin, CY
Fagan, JA
Zheng, M
AF Khripin, Constantine Y.
Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Zheng, Ming
TI Spontaneous Partition of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer-Modified Aqueous
Phases
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; METAL/SEMICONDUCTOR SEPARATION;
GEL; SUSPENSION
AB The distribution of nanoparticles in different aqueous environments is a fundamental problem underlying a number of processes, ranging from biomedical applications of nanoparticles to their effects on the environment, health, and safety. Here, we study distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in two immiscible aqueous phases formed by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran. This well-defined model system exhibits a strikingly robust phenomenon: CNTs spontaneously partition between the PEG- and the dextran-rich phases according to nanotube's diameter and metallicity. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that this chirality-dependent partition is determined by nanotube's intrinsic hydrophobicity and reveals two distinct regimes in hydrophobicity-chirality relation: a small diameter (<1 nm) regime, where curvature effect makes larger diameter tubes more hydrophobic than small diameter ones, and a large diameter (>1.2 nm) regime, where nanotube's polarizability renders semiconducting tubes more hydrophobic than metallic ones. These findings reveal a general rule governing CNT behaviors in aqueous phase and provide an extremely simple way to achieve spatial separation of CNTs by their electronic structures.
C1 [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ming.zheng@nist.gov
OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554
NR 27
TC 98
Z9 101
U1 12
U2 157
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 8
PY 2013
VL 135
IS 18
BP 6822
EP 6825
DI 10.1021/ja402762e
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 143AS
UT WOS:000318839300021
PM 23611526
ER
PT J
AU Wang, HW
Wesolowski, DJ
Proffen, TE
Vlcek, L
Wang, W
Allard, LF
Kolesnikov, AI
Feygenson, M
Anovitz, LM
Paul, RL
AF Wang, Hsiu-Wen
Wesolowski, David J.
Proffen, Thomas E.
Vlcek, Lukas
Wang, Wei
Allard, Lawrence F.
Kolesnikov, Alexander I.
Feygenson, Mikhail
Anovitz, Lawrence M.
Paul, Rick L.
TI Structure and Stability of SnO2 Nanocrystals and Surface-Bound Water
Species
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORIENTED ATTACHMENT; TIN OXIDE;
CRYSTAL-GROWTH; GAS SENSORS; LATTICE EXPANSION; PARTICLE-SIZE;
ADSORPTION; PRESSURE; RUTILE
AB The structure of SnO2 nanoparticles (avg. 5 nm) with a few layers of water on the surface has been elucidated by atomic pair distribution function (PDF) methods using in situ neutron total scattering data and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Analysis of PDF, neutron prompt gamma, and thermogravimetric data, coupled with MD-generated surface D2O/OD configurations demonstrates that the minimum concentration of OD groups required to prevent rapid growth of nanoparticles during thermal dehydration corresponds to similar to 0.7 monolayer coverage. Surface hydration layers not only stabilize the SnO2 nanoparticles but also induce particle-size-dependent structural modifications and are likely to promote interfacial reactions through hydrogen bonds between adjacent particles. Upon heating/dehydration under vacuum above 250 degrees C, nanoparticles start to grow with low activation energies, rapid increase of nanoparticle size, and a reduction in the a lattice dimension. This study underscores the value of neutron diffraction and prompt-gamma analysis, coupled with molecular modeling, in elucidating the influence of surface hydration on the structure and metastable persistence of oxide nanomaterials.
C1 [Wang, Hsiu-Wen; Wesolowski, David J.; Vlcek, Lukas; Anovitz, Lawrence M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Proffen, Thomas E.; Kolesnikov, Alexander I.; Feygenson, Mikhail] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wang, HW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM wangh3@ornl.gov
RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Feygenson, Mikhail
/H-9972-2014; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; Proffen,
Thomas/B-3585-2009; Wang, Hsiu-Wen/H-9493-2016; Anovitz,
Lawrence/P-3144-2016
OI Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Feygenson, Mikhail
/0000-0002-0316-3265; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649;
Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Wang, Hsiu-Wen/0000-0002-2802-4122;
Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES),
Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; Scientific
User Facilitates Division, BES, DOE; DOE, BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This research is primarily sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. The research at ORNL/SNS was
supported by the Scientific User Facilitates Division, BES, DOE. The
support of the NIST/NCNR, U.S. Department of Commerce in providing the
research neutron facility for PGAA is also acknowledged. Use of the
Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) was
supported by the DOE, BES, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Technical assistance from Matthew R Suchomel (11-BM beamline scientist
at the ANL/APS) is gratefully acknowledged. Certain commercial
equipment, instruments, materials and software are identified in this
paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply
recommendation or endorsement by the ORNL, NIST, ANL, or DOE nor does it
imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the
best available for the purpose.
NR 56
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 7
U2 163
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 8
PY 2013
VL 135
IS 18
BP 6885
EP 6895
DI 10.1021/ja312030e
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 143AS
UT WOS:000318839300031
PM 23607732
ER
PT J
AU Balijepalli, A
Robertson, JWF
Reiner, JE
Kasianowicz, JJ
Pastor, RW
AF Balijepalli, Arvind
Robertson, Joseph W. F.
Reiner, Joseph E.
Kasianowicz, John J.
Pastor, Richard W.
TI Theory of Polymer-Nanopore Interactions Refined Using Molecular Dynamics
Simulations
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN CHANNEL; SOLID-STATE NANOPORE; ION-CHANNEL; GAS-PHASE;
FREE-ENERGY; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; BROWNIAN DYNAMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
RNA MOLECULES; PROTEIN PORE
AB Molecular dynamics simulations were used to refine a theoretical model that describes the interaction of single polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules with alpha-hemolysin (alpha HL) nanopores. The simulations support the underlying assumptions of the model, that PEG decreases the pore conductance by binding cations (which reduces the number of mobile ions in the pore) and by volume exclusion, and provide bounds for fits to new experimental data. Estimation of cation binding indicates that four monomers coordinate a single K+ in a crown-ether-like structure, with, on average, 1.5 cations bound to a PEG 29-mer at a bulk electrolyte concentration of 4 M KCl. Additionally, PEG is more cylindrical and has a larger cross-section area in the pore than in solution, although its volume is similar. Two key experimental quantities of PEG are described by the model: the ratio of single channel current in the presence of PEG to that in the polymer's absence (blockade depth) and the mean residence time of PEG in the pore. The refined theoretical model is simultaneously fit to the experimentally determined current blockade depth and the mean residence times for PEGs with 15 to 45 monomers, at applied transmembrane potentials of -40 to -80 mV and for three electrolyte concentrations. The model estimates the free energy of the PEG-cation complexes to be -5.3 k(B)T. Finally the entropic penalty of confining PEG to the pore is found to be inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration.
C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Pastor, Richard W.] Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Balijepalli, Arvind; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23220 USA.
RP Pastor, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM pastorr@nhlbi.nih.gov
OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703
FU NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship; NIH, National Heart, Lung. and Blood
Institute
FX We thank Wonpil Im and Kyu Il Lee for helpful discussions regarding
simulations of ion channels. This work was supported in part by a
NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship (A.B.). This research was also
supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH,
National Heart, Lung. and Blood Institute, and utilized the
high-performance computational capabilities at the National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD (NHLBI LoBoS cluster). A.B. thanks the
Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group at the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for training in NAMD. NAMD was developed by
the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group in the Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
NR 75
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 3
U2 98
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 8
PY 2013
VL 135
IS 18
BP 7064
EP 7072
DI 10.1021/ja4026193
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 143AS
UT WOS:000318839300051
PM 23590258
ER
PT J
AU Srinivasa, V
Nowack, KC
Shafiei, M
Vandersypen, LMK
Taylor, JM
AF Srinivasa, V.
Nowack, K. C.
Shafiei, M.
Vandersypen, L. M. K.
Taylor, J. M.
TI Simultaneous Spin-Charge Relaxation in Double Quantum Dots
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-ELECTRON SPIN; FIELD; SEMICONDUCTORS; MANIPULATION; COMPUTATION;
RESONANCE
AB We investigate phonon-induced spin and charge relaxation mediated by spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions for a single electron confined within a double quantum dot. A simple toy model incorporating both direct decay to the ground state of the double dot and indirect decay via an intermediate excited state yields an electron spin relaxation rate that varies nonmonotonically with the detuning between the dots. We confirm this model with experiments performed on a GaAs double dot, demonstrating that the relaxation rate exhibits the expected detuning dependence and can be electrically tuned over several orders of magnitude. Our analysis suggests that spin-orbit mediated relaxation via phonons serves as the dominant mechanism through which the double-dot electron spin-flip rate varies with detuning.
C1 [Srinivasa, V.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Srinivasa, V.; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Nowack, K. C.; Shafiei, M.; Vandersypen, L. M. K.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Insitute Nanosci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.
RP Srinivasa, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM vsriniv@umd.edu
RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011
OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594
FU DARPA MTO; Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence
Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research
Office [W911NF-12-1-0354]; SOLID (EU); ERC; Center for Probing the
Nanoscale, an NSF NSEC [PHY-0830228]; NSF [DMR-0803974]
FX We thank N. M. Zimmerman, M. D. Stiles, and P. Stano for helpful
comments. Research was supported by DARPA MTO, the Office of the
Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research
Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office (Grant No.
W911NF-12-1-0354), SOLID (EU), and an ERC Starting Grant. K. C. N.
acknowledges support from the Center for Probing the Nanoscale, an NSF
NSEC, supported under Grant No. PHY-0830228, and from NSF Grant No.
DMR-0803974.
NR 48
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 25
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 8
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 19
AR 196803
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.196803
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 140XQ
UT WOS:000318690200009
PM 23705734
ER
PT J
AU Kanoglu, U
Titov, VV
Aydin, B
Moore, C
Stefanakis, TS
Zhou, HQ
Spillane, M
Synolakis, CE
AF Kanoglu, Utku
Titov, Vasily V.
Aydin, Baran
Moore, Christopher
Stefanakis, Themistoklis S.
Zhou, Hongqiang
Spillane, Michael
Synolakis, Costas E.
TI Focusing of long waves with finite crest over constant depth
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING
SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE shallow-water wave equations; finite crest length tsunami; tsunami
directivity; tsunami focusing; tsunami run-up; tsunami
ID SOLITARY WAVES; FIELD TSUNAMIS; RUN-UP; PROPAGATION; AMPLITUDE;
EVOLUTION; BEACHES; MODELS
AB Tsunamis are long waves that evolve substantially, through spatial and temporal spreading from their source region. Here, we introduce a new analytical solution to study the propagation of a finite strip source over constant depth using linear shallow-water wave theory. This solution is not only exact, but also general and allows the use of realistic initial waveforms such as N-waves. We show the existence of focusing points for N-wave-type initial displacements, i.e. points where unexpectedly large wave heights may be observed. We explain the effect of focusing from a strip source analytically, and explore it numerically. We observe focusing points using linear non-dispersive and linear dispersive theories, analytically; and nonlinear non-dispersive and weakly nonlinear weakly dispersive theories, numerically. We discuss geophysical implications of our solutions using the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea and the 17 July 2006 Java tsunamis as examples. Our results may also help to explain high run-up values observed during the 11 March 2011 Japan tsunami, which are otherwise not consistent with existing scaling relationships. We conclude that N-waves generated by tectonic displacements feature focusing points, which may significantly amplify run-up beyond what is often assumed from widely used scaling relationships.
C1 [Kanoglu, Utku; Aydin, Baran] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
[Kanoglu, Utku; Titov, Vasily V.; Moore, Christopher; Zhou, Hongqiang; Spillane, Michael] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Aydin, Baran] Akdeniz Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-07058 Antalya, Turkey.
[Moore, Christopher; Zhou, Hongqiang; Spillane, Michael] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Stefanakis, Themistoklis S.] ENS Cachan, CMLA, F-94230 Cachan, France.
[Stefanakis, Themistoklis S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Math Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland.
[Synolakis, Costas E.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
[Synolakis, Costas E.] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, Khania, Greece.
[Synolakis, Costas E.] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Kanoglu, U (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Dumlupinar Bulvari 1, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey.
EM kanoglu@metu.edu.tr
RI Aydin, Baran/D-8090-2013; Kanoglu, Utku/F-9037-2012; Spillane,
Michael/I-7870-2015;
OI Aydin, Baran/0000-0001-7838-3708; Kanoglu, Utku/0000-0002-5952-0954;
Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829
FU Middle East Technical University [BAP-08-11-DPT2002K120510]; Scientific
and Technological Research Council of Turkey [109Y387]; General
Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece [10TUR/1-50-1]; ESDP of
ENS-Cachan; cultural service of the French Embassy in Dublin; Strategic
and Major Initiatives scheme of University College, Dublin; TRANSFER
project, EU [037058, FP6-2005 Global-4]; Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory (PMEL); Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and
Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 3806, 1857]; National Science
Foundation of the US [CMMI-0928905, CMMI-1135768, CMMI-1313839]
FX U.K. is indebted to NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory for
support during the every summer visits from 2004 to 2012. U. K. and B.
A. express gratitude for the support of BAP-08-11-DPT2002K120510 in
Middle East Technical University. U. K., B. A. and C. E. S. acknowledge
the partial support from the Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey project no. 109Y387 and from the General Secretariat
for Research and Technology, Greece project no. 10TUR/1-50-1 in the
framework of the joint research program between Turkey and Greece. T. S.
acknowledges the support of Frederick Dias through grants from the ESDP
of ENS-Cachan, the cultural service of the French Embassy in Dublin and
the Strategic and Major Initiatives scheme of University College,
Dublin. This work was partially supported by the TRANSFER project, EU
contract no. 037058, FP6-2005 Global-4. This study was partially funded
by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and the Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA
cooperative agreement no. NA10OAR4320148, contribution no. 3806 (PMEL),
no. 1857 (JISAO). C. E. S. gratefully acknowledges the support of the
National Science Foundation of the US under grant nos CMMI-0928905,
CMMI-1135768 and CMMI-1313839.
NR 39
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 23
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-5021
J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY
JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD MAY 8
PY 2013
VL 469
IS 2153
AR 20130015
DI 10.1098/rspa.2013.0015
PG 20
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 110OY
UT WOS:000316455500023
ER
PT J
AU Baio, JE
Jaye, C
Fischer, DA
Weidner, T
AF Baio, Joe E.
Jaye, Cherno
Fischer, Daniel A.
Weidner, Tobias
TI Multiplexed Orientation and Structure Analysis by Imaging Near-Edge
X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (MOSAIX) for Combinatorial Surface
Science
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; AU(111); NEXAFS;
GOLD
AB Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, as a technique, offers detailed information about the bonding environment of molecules at a surface. However, because it is a synchrotron based method, beam-time is limited and users must typically prioritize and narrowly define the scopes of experiments. In this study, we demonstrate a novel method that opens up the possibility of the use of large area NEXAFS imaging to pursue combinatorial studies. To explore the capabilities of the NIST full field NEXAFS microscope available at the National Synchrotron Light Source as a high throughput imaging instrument, we collected NEXAFS images from a sample array consisting of 144 different elements with a periodic sequence of different surface modifications. NEXAFS images collected from this model system illustrate how hyperspectral NEXAFS data can be used for parallel analysis of large numbers of samples either directly from the overall image or by extracting spectra from regions of interest.
C1 [Baio, Joe E.; Weidner, Tobias] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fischer, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dfischer@nist.gov; weidner@mpip-mainz.mpg.de
RI Weidner, Tobias/F-8725-2012
OI Weidner, Tobias/0000-0002-7083-7004
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [WE4478/2-1]; National Science
Foundation for a research fellowship(NSF) [1202620]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences
FX The authors thank David G. Castner for support of this work and Lara J.
Gamble for collaboration at the synchrotron. T.W. thanks the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for financial support (WE4478/2-1). J.E.B.
thanks the National Science Foundation for a research fellowship (NSF
grant #1202620). This work was performed at the NSLS, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of Chemical Sciences.
This work is also a part of the research program of the Max-Planck
Society. Certain commercial names are mentioned in this manuscript for
the purpose of example and do not represent an endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 22
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 85
IS 9
BP 4307
EP 4310
DI 10.1021/ac4003479
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 141WB
UT WOS:000318756100017
PM 23544501
ER
PT J
AU Rhoderick, GC
Lin, J
AF Rhoderick, George C.
Lin, Janice
TI Stability Assessment of Gas Mixtures Containing Monoterpenes in Varying
Cylinder Materials and Treatments
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; VOC EMISSIONS;
TERPENE EMISSIONS; NORWAY SPRUCE; 5 NMOL/MOL; ISOPRENE; FOREST; L.;
VEGETATION
AB Studies of climate change increasingly recognize the diverse influences exerted by monoterpenes in the atmosphere, including roles in particulates, ozone: formation, and oxidizing potential. Measurements of key= monoterpenes suggest. atmospheric mole fractions ranging from low pinol/mol (parts-pertrillion; ppt) to nmol/mol (parts-per,billion; ppb), depending on location and compound. To accurately etablisli the mole fraction trends, assess the role of manoteipenes.in atmospheric chemistry,' and relate measurement records from many laboratories and researchers, it is essential to have good calibration standards. The feasibility of preparing well characterized, stable gas cylinder : standards for monoterpenes at the nmol/mol level was previously, tested using treated (Aculife IV) aluminum gas cylinders at NIST Results for 4 of the 11 monoterpenes, monitored versus an internal 'standard of benzene, indicated stability in these treated aluminum gas cylinders for over 6 months and projected long-term (years) stability. However, the mole fraction of the key monoterpene,beta-pinene decreased, while the mole fractions of alpha-pinene, D-limonene (R-(+)-limonene), p-cymene, and camphene (a terpene not present in the initial gas Mixture) increased, indicating a chemical transformation of beta-pinene to these species. A similar pattern of decreasing mole fraction was observed in alpha-pinene where growth of o-limonene, p-cymene, and camphene has been observed in treated gas cylinders prepared With a mixture of just alpha-pinene and benzene as the internal standard. The current research discusses the testing of other cylinders and treatments for the potential of long-term stability of monoterpenes in a gas mixture. In this Current study, a similar pattern Of decreasing mole fraction; although somewhat improved short-term stability; was observed for fi-pinene and alpha-pinene,with growth of o,limonene, p=cyrriene, and camphene, in nickel-plated carbon steel cylinders.,beta-Pinene and alpha-pinene showed excellent stability at over. 6 months. in aluminum cylinders treated with a different process (ExperiS) than used in the original study.
C1 [Rhoderick, George C.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat & Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lin, Janice] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat & Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8393, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 85
IS 9
BP 4675
EP 4685
DI 10.1021/ac400324v
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 141WB
UT WOS:000318756100066
PM 23550692
ER
PT J
AU Giri, AK
Hirsh, G
Duncan, KJ
Karna, SP
Dennis, CL
AF Giri, Anit K.
Hirsh, Gary
Duncan, Kate J.
Karna, Shashi P.
Dennis, C. L.
TI Magnetic distributions of iron-(nickel zinc ferrite) nanocomposites from
first order reversal curve analysis
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NI-ZN FERRITE; NANOPARTICLES; METAL; NUCLEATION; POLYOLS; GROWTH
AB First order reversal curve measurements offer a powerful approach to quantify the magnetic property distributions in materials. Here, we have used this approach to quantify magnetic property distributions and understand the nano-scale mechanisms contributing to the magnetic anisotropy of Fe-(Ni0.5Zn0.5)Fe2O4 nanocomposites. The Fe-(Ni0.5Zn0.5)Fe2O4 nanocomposite powders were synthesized using a chemical method involving ferrite precipitation and controlled reduction which resulted in the formation of iron nanoclusters within the ferrite. Two samples with a similar to 65% and similar to 6% iron composition, respectively, were studied. Transmission electron microscopy measurements yielded an average particle size of similar to 15nm (similar to 65% Fe) and similar to 60nm (similar to 6% Fe). The magnetizations at 7 T for the synthesized nanocomposites (M-7T = 58 Am-2 kg(-1) for the similar to 65% Fe sample and 55 Am-2 kg(-1) for the similar to 6% Fe sample) are close to that of the bulk saturation magnetization (similar to 60 Am-2 kg(-1)) of (Ni0.5Zn0.5)Fe2O4. This is not typical in these ferrite systems, due to poor crystallinity. In our samples, the observed large M-7T may result from the presence of the iron nanoclusters, as well as improved crystallinity. However, there is a slope to the magnetization at high fields which has typically been attributed to surface spin canting. This may instead be an indication of reduced crystallinity at the surface of the nanoparticles, especially in the similar to 65% Fe sample. Furthermore, a difference in interactions between the ferrite and the iron nanoclusters in the two samples results in different anisotropy distributions, as evidenced by a broad transition to saturation for the first sample, and a much sharper transition for the second sample, and confirmed through first order reversal curve measurements.
C1 [Giri, Anit K.; Hirsh, Gary; Karna, Shashi P.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
[Duncan, Kate J.] Communicat Elect Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Space & Terr Communicat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
[Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Giri, AK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
EM anit.giri.ctr@mail.mil
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 28
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 17
AR 173908
DI 10.1063/1.4803545
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 149BK
UT WOS:000319292800363
ER
PT J
AU Giri, AK
Paterson, BA
McLeod, MV
Dennis, CL
Majumdar, BS
Cho, KC
Shull, RD
AF Giri, Anit K.
Paterson, Brigitte A.
McLeod, Michael V.
Dennis, Cindi L.
Majumdar, Bhaskar S.
Cho, Kyu C.
Shull, Robert D.
TI Effect of crystallographic alignment on the magnetocaloric effect in
alloys near the Ni2MnGa stoichiometry
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 14-18, 2013
CL Chicago, IL
SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc
ID NI-MN-GA; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; SHAPE-MEMORY
AB Prior to the development of commercial applications of magnetic refrigerator technology, a large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in polycrystalline materials must be realized for relatively low magnetic field changes. To increase the MCE, a crystallographic alignment technique, consisting of thermal cycling about the martensite phase transition temperature under a compressive stress, was applied to Heusler alloys with nominal composition Ni2+xMn1-xGa (x = 0.14, 0.16). Magnetic measurements prior to grain alignment show that the maximum entropy changes of -16 J kg(-1) K-1 and -24 J kg(-1) K-1 for samples with x = 0.14 and 0.16, respectively, occurred for a magnetic field change of 7 T. After grain alignment, there was a 56%-79% enhancement of the maximum magnetic entropy change for the same magnetic field change of 7 T. This suggests that thermal cycling under compressive stress may either increase grain alignment (e. g., texture) along the magnetic easy (001) axis, and/or enhance the ease with which a magnetic field is later able to grow favorably oriented twin variants that manifests as an increase of magnetization of the material. Therefore, such an alignment technique may be utilized to enhance the MCE of similar Heusler alloys.
C1 [Giri, Anit K.; Cho, Kyu C.] USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
[Paterson, Brigitte A.; Dennis, Cindi L.; Shull, Robert D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[McLeod, Michael V.; Majumdar, Bhaskar S.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
RP Giri, AK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
EM anit.giri.ctr@mail.mil
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 17
AR 17A907
DI 10.1063/1.4793608
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 149BK
UT WOS:000319292800052
ER
PT J
AU Krycka, KL
Borchers, JA
Laver, M
Salazar-Alvarez, G
Lopez-Ortega, A
Estrader, M
Surinach, S
Baro, MD
Sort, J
Nogues, J
AF Krycka, K. L.
Borchers, J. A.
Laver, M.
Salazar-Alvarez, G.
Lopez-Ortega, A.
Estrader, M.
Surinach, S.
Baro, M. D.
Sort, J.
Nogues, J.
TI Correlating material-specific layers and magnetic distributions within
onion-like Fe3O4/MnO/gamma-Mn2O3 core/shell nanoparticles
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 14-18, 2013
CL Chicago, IL
SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc
ID EXCHANGE BIAS; SHELL; CORE; SCATTERING; BLOCKING
AB The magnetic responses of two nanoparticle systems comprised of Fe3O4/gamma-Mn2O3 (soft ferrimagnetic, FM/hard FM) and Fe3O4/MnO/gamma-Mn2O3 (soft FM/antiferromagnetic, AFM/hard FM) are compared, where the MnO serves to physically decouple the FM layers. Variation in the temperature and applied field allows for Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measurements of the magnetic moments both parallel and perpendicular to an applied field. Data for the bilayer particle indicate that the graded ferrimagnetic layers are coupled and respond to the field as a single unit. For the trilayer nanoparticles, magnetometry suggests a Curie temperature (T-C) approximate to 40 K for the outer gamma-Mn2O3 component, yet SANS reveals an increase in the magnetization associated with outer layer that is perpendicular to the applied field above T-C during magnetic reversal. This result suggests that the gamma-Mn2O3 magnetically reorients relative to the applied field as the temperature is increased above 40 K.
C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Laver, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Salazar-Alvarez, G.; Estrader, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Lopez-Ortega, A.; Nogues, J.] CIN2 ICN CSIC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
[Lopez-Ortega, A.; Nogues, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Catalan Inst Nanotechnol ICN, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
[Surinach, S.; Baro, M. D.; Sort, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
[Sort, J.; Nogues, J.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov
RI Lopez-Ortega, Alberto/A-7140-2015; Salazar-Alvarez, German/A-4802-2009;
Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Baro, Maria Dolors/A-2096-2009; Surinach,
Santiago/A-1749-2009; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014
OI Lopez-Ortega, Alberto/0000-0003-3440-4444; Salazar-Alvarez,
German/0000-0002-0671-435X; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Baro,
Maria Dolors/0000-0002-8636-1063; Surinach,
Santiago/0000-0001-8125-0594; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 56
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 17
AR 17B531
DI 10.1063/1.4801423
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 149BK
UT WOS:000319292800138
ER
PT J
AU Pimpinella, RE
Zhang, D
McCartney, MR
Smith, DJ
Krycka, KL
Kirby, BJ
O'Dowd, BJ
Sonderhouse, L
Leiner, J
Liu, X
Dobrowolska, M
Furdyna, JK
AF Pimpinella, R. E.
Zhang, D.
McCartney, M. R.
Smith, D. J.
Krycka, K. L.
Kirby, B. J.
O'Dowd, B. J.
Sonderhouse, L.
Leiner, J.
Liu, X.
Dobrowolska, M.
Furdyna, J. K.
TI Magnetic properties of GaAs/Fe core/shell nanowires
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 14-18, 2013
CL Chicago, IL
SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc
AB We describe the magnetic properties of nanoscale Fe shells grown on GaAs nanowires (NWs) by molecular beam epitaxy. The ferromagnetic character of these tubular Fe shells has been confirmed by dc magnetization measurements, and is further studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and off-axis electron holography (EH). VC 2013 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Pimpinella, R. E.; O'Dowd, B. J.; Sonderhouse, L.; Leiner, J.; Liu, X.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Zhang, D.; McCartney, M. R.; Smith, D. J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Krycka, K. L.; Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[O'Dowd, B. J.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Coll Green, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
RP Pimpinella, RE (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
EM rpimpine@nd.edu
RI O'Dowd, Brendan/J-8944-2014
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 37
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 17
AR 17B520
DI 10.1063/1.4799252
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 149BK
UT WOS:000319292800127
ER
PT J
AU Sanford, NA
Robins, LH
Blanchard, PT
Soria, K
Klein, B
Eller, BS
Bertness, KA
Schlager, JB
Sanders, AW
AF Sanford, N. A.
Robins, L. H.
Blanchard, P. T.
Soria, K.
Klein, B.
Eller, B. S.
Bertness, K. A.
Schlager, J. B.
Sanders, A. W.
TI Studies of photoconductivity and field effect transistor behavior in
examining drift mobility, surface depletion, and transient effects in
Si-doped GaN nanowires in vacuum and air
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY
AB Variable intensity photoconductivity (PC) performed under vacuum at 325 nm was used to estimate drift mobility (mu) and density (sigma(s)) of negative surface charge for c-axis oriented Si-doped GaN nanowires (NWs). In this approach, we assumed that sigma(s) was responsible for the equilibrium surface band bending (empty set) and surface depletion in the absence of illumination. The NWs were grown by molecular beam epitaxy to a length of approximately 10 mu m and exhibited negligible taper. The free carrier concentration (N) was separately measured using Raman scattering which yielded N = (2.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(17) cm(-3) for the growth batch studied under 325 nm excitation. Saturation of the PC was interpreted as a flatband condition whereby empty set was eliminated via the injection of photogenerated holes. Measurements of dark and saturated photocurrents, N, NW dimensions, and dimensional uncertainties, were used as input to a temperature-dependent cylindrical Poisson equation based model, yielding sigma(s) in the range of (3.5 to 7.5) x 10(11) cm(-2) and mu in the range of (850 to 2100) cm(2)/(V s) across the (75 to 194) nm span of individual NW diameters examined. Data illustrating the spectral dependence and polarization dependence of the PC are also presented. Back-gating these devices, and devices from other growth batches, as field effect transistors (FETs) was found to not be a reliable means to estimate transport parameters (e. g., mu and sigma(s)) due to long-term current drift. The current drift was ascribed to screening of the FET back gate by injected positive charge. We describe how these gate charging effects can be exploited as a means to hasten the otherwise long recovery time of NW devices used as photoconductive detectors. Additionally, we present data illustrating comparative drift effects under vacuum, room air, and dry air for both back-gated NW FETs and top-gated NW MESFETs. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Sanford, N. A.; Robins, L. H.; Blanchard, P. T.; Bertness, K. A.; Schlager, J. B.; Sanders, A. W.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Div 686, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Soria, K.; Klein, B.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Eller, B. S.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Div 686, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sanford@boulder.nist.gov
NR 42
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 5
U2 58
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 17
AR 174306
DI 10.1063/1.4802689
PG 16
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 149BK
UT WOS:000319292800381
ER
PT J
AU Shull, RD
Iunin, YL
Kabanov, YP
Nikitenko, VI
Skryabina, OV
Chien, CL
AF Shull, R. D.
Iunin, Y. L.
Kabanov, Y. P.
Nikitenko, V. I.
Skryabina, O. V.
Chien, C. L.
TI Influence of Pt spacer thickness on the domain nucleation in ultrathin
Co/Pt/Co trilayers
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference
CY JAN 14-18, 2013
CL Chicago, IL
SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc
ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; CO FILMS; MULTILAYERS; REVERSAL
AB The effect of varying the interlayer coupling between two 0.6 nm thick Co layers with perpendicular anisotropy on their magnetic ground state and the domain nucleation processes during a field reversal was studied. A transition from out-of-plane to in-plane anisotropy was revealed as the Pt spacer thickness decreased below 1.6 nm. For Pt thicknesses in the range of 1.6-5.4 nm, domain nucleation occurred in both Co layers in a correlated manner, and subsequent motion of the domain walls proceeded as though bound together. A transition to uncorrelated domain nucleation and independent wall motion was observed at Pt thicknesses above 5.4 nm. Both conventional and "asymmetrical" domain nucleation centers were observed in the whole range of platinum spacer thicknesses. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics.
C1 [Shull, R. D.; Iunin, Y. L.; Nikitenko, V. I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Iunin, Y. L.; Kabanov, Y. P.; Nikitenko, V. I.; Skryabina, O. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
[Nikitenko, V. I.; Chien, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Shull, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM shull@nist.gov
RI Skryabina, Olga/K-7413-2014;
OI Skryabina, Olga/0000-0003-1863-4733; Iunin, Yury/0000-0003-2864-9867
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 36
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 113
IS 17
AR 17C101
DI 10.1063/1.4793703
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 149BK
UT WOS:000319292800149
ER
PT J
AU Tsushima, Y
Manabe, S
AF Tsushima, Yoko
Manabe, Syukuro
TI Assessment of radiative feedback in climate models using satellite
observations of annual flux variation
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE CERES; cloud feedback; CMIP; metric of radiative feedback; ERBE
ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ENERGY SYSTEM
INSTRUMENT; MEAN SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLOUD FEEDBACK; PART I;
SENSITIVITY; METHODOLOGY; BUDGET
AB In the climate system, two types of radiative feedback are in operation. The feedback of the first kind involves the radiative damping of the vertically uniform temperature perturbation of the troposphere and Earth's surface that approximately follows the Stefan-Boltzmann law of blackbody radiation. The second kind involves the change in the vertical lapse rate of temperature, water vapor, and clouds in the troposphere and albedo of the Earth's surface. Using satellite observations of the annual variation of the outgoing flux of longwave radiation and that of reflected solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere, this study estimates the so-called "gain factor," which characterizes the strength of radiative feedback of the second kind that operates on the annually varying, global-scale perturbation of temperature at the Earth's surface. The gain factor is computed not only for all sky but also for clear sky. The gain factor of so-called "cloud radiative forcing" is then computed as the difference between the two. The gain factors thus obtained are compared with those obtained from 35 models that were used for the fourth and fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment. Here, we show that the gain factors obtained from satellite observations of cloud radiative forcing are effective for identifying systematic biases of the feedback processes that control the sensitivity of simulated climate, providing useful information for validating and improving a climate model.
C1 [Tsushima, Yoko] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Manabe, Syukuro] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Tsushima, Y (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
EM yoko.tsushima@metoffice.gov.uk
FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy; European Union (EU)
[244067]; Department of Energy and Climate Change/Defra Met Office
Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Global Environment Research
Fund from the Ministry of the Environment (Japan) [S-5]
FX We thank Drs. Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo, Jonathan Gregory, William Ingram,
and Mark Ringer at the UK Met Office Hadley Centre, whose useful
comments improved the manuscript. We also thank the Program for Climate
Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and World Climate Research
Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for making available the
multimodel dataset obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project supported by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy.
This work was funded by European Union (EU) Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013) Grant 244067 for the EU Cloud Intercomparison and
Process Study Evaluation Project, Joint Department of Energy and Climate
Change/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme Grant GA01101,
and the Global Environment Research Fund (S-5) from the Ministry of the
Environment (Japan).
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 24
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 19
BP 7568
EP 7573
DI 10.1073/pnas.1216174110
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 149NP
UT WOS:000319327700025
PM 23613585
ER
PT J
AU Kosaka, Y
Xie, SP
Lau, NC
Vecchi, GA
AF Kosaka, Yu
Xie, Shang-Ping
Lau, Ngar-Cheung
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
TI Origin of seasonal predictability for summer climate over the
Northwestern Pacific
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE East Asian summer monsoon; air-sea interaction; interbasin interaction;
tropical variability
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO;
MONSOON RAINFALL; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PART I; ENSO; MODEL; SST
AB Summer climate in the Northwestern Pacific (NWP) displays large year-to-year variability, affecting densely populated Southeast and East Asia by impacting precipitation, temperature, and tropical cyclones. The Pacific-Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern provides a crucial link of high predictability from the tropics to East Asia. Using coupled climate model experiments, we show that the PJ pattern is the atmospheric manifestation of an air-sea coupled mode spanning the Indo-NWP warm pool. The PJ pattern forces the Indian Ocean (IO) via a westward propagating atmospheric Rossby wave. In response, IO sea surface temperature feeds back and reinforces the PJ pattern via a tropospheric Kelvin wave. Ocean coupling increases both the amplitude and temporal persistence of the PJ pattern. Cross-correlation of ocean-atmospheric anomalies confirms the coupled nature of this PJIO mode. The ocean-atmosphere feedback explains why the last echoes of El Nino-Southern Oscillation are found in the IO-NWP in the form of the PJIO mode. We demonstrate that the PJIO mode is indeed highly predictable; a characteristic that can enable benefits to society.
C1 [Kosaka, Yu; Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Xie, Shang-Ping] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Kosaka, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM ykosaka@ucsd.edu
RI Kosaka, Yu/C-2792-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Xie,
Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0854365]; National Basic Research
Program of China [2012CB955600]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation
(ATM-0854365), the National Basic Research Program of China
(2012CB955600), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology.
NR 37
TC 52
Z9 57
U1 7
U2 51
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 19
BP 7574
EP 7579
DI 10.1073/pnas.1215582110
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 149NP
UT WOS:000319327700026
PM 23610388
ER
PT J
AU Haney, PM
Lee, HW
Lee, KJ
Manchon, A
Stiles, MD
AF Haney, Paul M.
Lee, Hyun-Woo
Lee, Kyung-Jin
Manchon, Aurelien
Stiles, M. D.
TI Current induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling:
Semiclassical modeling
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; MAGNETORESISTANCE;
FERROMAGNETS; MULTILAYERS; LAYER; NANOWIRES; FILMS
AB In bilayer nanowires consisting of a ferromagnetic layer and a nonmagnetic layer with strong spin-orbit coupling, currents create torques on the magnetization beyond those found in simple ferromagnetic nanowires. The resulting magnetic dynamics appear to require torques that can be separated into two terms, dampinglike and fieldlike. The dampinglike torque is typically derived from models describing the bulk spin Hall effect and the spin transfer torque, and the fieldlike torque is typically derived from a Rashba model describing interfacial spin-orbit coupling. We derive a model based on the Boltzmann equation that unifies these approaches. We also consider an approximation to the Boltzmann equation, the drift-diffusion model, that qualitatively reproduces the behavior, but quantitatively differs in some regimes. We show that the Boltzmann equation with physically reasonable parameters can match the torques for any particular sample, but in some cases, it fails to describe the experimentally observed thickness dependencies.
C1 [Haney, Paul M.; Lee, Kyung-Jin; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea.
[Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea.
[Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
[Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, KU KIST Grad Sch Converging Sci & Technol, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
[Lee, Kyung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Manchon, Aurelien] KAUST, Core Labs, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia.
RP Haney, PM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Manchon,
Aurelien/A-9355-2010; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012
OI Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266;
Manchon, Aurelien/0000-0002-4768-293X; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of
Maryland [70NANB10H193]
FX Professor K.-J. Lee acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research
Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute
of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology,
Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland.
NR 71
TC 114
Z9 114
U1 15
U2 111
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 17
AR 174411
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.174411
PG 13
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 140KP
UT WOS:000318653300003
ER
PT J
AU Turgut, E
La-o-Vorakiat, C
Shaw, JM
Grychtol, P
Nembach, HT
Rudolf, D
Adam, R
Aeschlimann, M
Schneider, CM
Silva, TJ
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
Mathias, S
AF Turgut, Emrah
La-o-Vorakiat, Chan
Shaw, Justin M.
Grychtol, Patrik
Nembach, Hans T.
Rudolf, Dennis
Adam, Roman
Aeschlimann, Martin
Schneider, Claus M.
Silva, Thomas J.
Murnane, Margaret M.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
Mathias, Stefan
TI Controlling the Competition between Optically Induced Ultrafast
Spin-Flip Scattering and Spin Transport in Magnetic Multilayers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NONLINEAR OPTICS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DEMAGNETIZATION; DYNAMICS; REVERSAL;
METALS; NICKEL
AB The study of ultrafast dynamics in magnetic materials provides rich opportunities for greater fundamental understanding of correlated phenomena in solid-state matter, because many of the basic microscopic mechanisms involved are as-yet unclear and are still being uncovered. Recently, two different possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain ultrafast laser induced magnetization dynamics: spin currents and spin-flip scattering. In this work, we use multilayers of Fe and Ni with different metals and insulators as the spacer material to conclusively show that spin currents can have a significant contribution to optically induced magnetization dynamics, in addition to spin-flip scattering processes. Moreover, we can control the competition between these two processes, and in some cases completely suppress interlayer spin currents as a sample undergoes rapid demagnetization. Finally, by reversing the order of the Fe/Ni layers, we experimentally show that spin currents are directional in our samples, predominantly flowing from the top to the bottom layer.
C1 [Turgut, Emrah; La-o-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Mathias, Stefan] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Turgut, Emrah; La-o-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Mathias, Stefan] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Turgut, Emrah; La-o-Vorakiat, Chan; Grychtol, Patrik; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Mathias, Stefan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Rudolf, Dennis; Adam, Roman; Schneider, Claus M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, PGI 6, Peter Grunberg Inst, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Rudolf, Dennis; Adam, Roman; Schneider, Claus M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, JARA FIT, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Aeschlimann, Martin; Mathias, Stefan] Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
[Aeschlimann, Martin; Mathias, Stefan] Res Ctr OPTIMAS, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
RP Turgut, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Mathias, Stefan/I-4679-2012; Kapteyn,
Henry/H-6559-2011; Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Turgut,
Emrah/D-2616-2014; Schneider, Claus/H-7453-2012; Silva,
Thomas/C-7605-2013
OI Grychtol, Patrik/0000-0002-7042-9334; Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521;
Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Aeschlimann,
Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Turgut, Emrah/0000-0001-8846-2223;
Schneider, Claus/0000-0002-3920-6255; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642
FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-FG02-09ER46652]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Schn-353/17,
AE-19/20, GR 4234/1-1]; European Community [GA 253316]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U. S. Department of
Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Award No. DE-FG02-09ER46652. We
acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grants No.
Schn-353/17 (D. R., R. A., C. M. S.), No. AE-19/20 (M. A., S. M.), and
No. GR 4234/1-1 (P. G.). S. M. was supported by the European Community's
FP7 under Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship GA 253316. We
also thank M. Battiato and P. M. Oppeneer (Uppsala University) for
valuable discussions. Contribution of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, an agency of the U. S. Government, not subject
to U. S. Copyright.
NR 51
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 5
U2 103
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 7
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 19
AR 197201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.197201
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 140MF
UT WOS:000318657500012
PM 23705737
ER
PT J
AU Li, W
Liang, YR
Yu, DM
Peng, LM
Pernstich, KP
Shen, T
Walker, ARH
Cheng, GJ
Hacker, CA
Richter, CA
Li, QL
Gundlach, DJ
Liang, XL
AF Li, Wei
Liang, Yiran
Yu, Dangmin
Peng, Lianmao
Pernstich, Kurt P.
Shen, Tian
Walker, A. R. Hight
Cheng, Guangjun
Hacker, Christina A.
Richter, Curt A.
Li, Qiliang
Gundlach, David J.
Liang, Xuelei
TI Ultraviolet/ozone treatment to reduce metal-graphene contact resistance
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE
AB We report reduced contact resistance of single-layer graphene devices by using ultraviolet ozone treatment to modify the metal/graphene contact interface. The devices were fabricated from mechanically transferred, chemical vapor deposition grown single layer graphene. Ultraviolet ozone treatment of graphene in the contact regions as defined by photolithography and prior to metal deposition was found to reduce interface contamination originating from incomplete removal of poly(methyl-methacrylate) and photoresist. Our control experiment shows that exposure times up to 10 min did not introduce significant disorder in the graphene as characterized by Raman spectroscopy. By using the described approach, contact resistance of less than 200 Omega mu m was achieved for 25 min ultraviolet ozone treatment, while not significantly altering the electrical properties of the graphene channel region of devices. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Yu, Dangmin; Peng, Lianmao; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Yu, Dangmin; Peng, Lianmao; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Li, Wei; Pernstich, Kurt P.; Shen, Tian; Walker, A. R. Hight; Cheng, Guangjun; Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.gundlach@nist.gov; liangxl@pku.edu.cn
RI Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015; Liang,
Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009
OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695; Hight Walker,
Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672
FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [60971003]; National Institute of
Standards and Technology
FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of
China (Grant No. 2011CB921904) and National Natural Science Foundation
of China (Grant No. 60971003). Wei Li was partly supported by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 25
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 62
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 18
AR 183110
DI 10.1063/1.4804643
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 164VV
UT WOS:000320439900065
ER
PT J
AU Liu, D
Hussey, D
Gubarev, MV
Ramsey, BD
Jacobson, D
Arif, M
Moncton, DE
Khaykovich, B
AF Liu, D.
Hussey, D.
Gubarev, M. V.
Ramsey, B. D.
Jacobson, D.
Arif, M.
Moncton, D. E.
Khaykovich, B.
TI Demonstration of achromatic cold-neutron microscope utilizing
axisymmetric focusing mirrors
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAZING-INCIDENCE OPTICS; SCATTERING; LENS; INSTRUMENTATION; GUIDES
AB An achromatic cold-neutron microscope with magnification 4 is demonstrated. The image-forming optics is composed of nested coaxial mirrors of full figures of revolution, so-called Wolter optics. The spatial resolution, field of view, and depth of focus are measured and found consistent with ray-tracing simulations. Methods of increasing the resolution and magnification are discussed, as well as the scientific case for the neutron microscope. In contrast to traditional pinhole-camera neutron imaging, the resolution of the microscope is determined by the mirrors rather than by the collimation of the beam, leading to possible dramatic improvements in the signal rate and resolution. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Liu, D.; Moncton, D. E.; Khaykovich, B.] MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Hussey, D.; Jacobson, D.; Arif, M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gubarev, M. V.; Ramsey, B. D.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Moncton, D. E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Liu, D (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, 138 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM bkh@mit.edu
RI Liu, Dazhi/G-2675-2013; Khaykovich, Boris/A-7376-2012
OI Liu, Dazhi/0000-0002-7604-6940; Khaykovich, Boris/0000-0002-9490-2771
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-09ER46556,
DE-FG02-09ER46557]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Radiation and
Biomolecular Physics Division; Director's office of NIST; NIST Center
for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE_AI01-01EE50660]
FX The authors are grateful to the NCNR technical support staff, especially
Eli Baltic and Danny Ogg and to R. G. Downing for the temporary use of
NG-1 for these experiments. Research supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences
and Engineering under Award Nos. DE-FG02-09ER46556 and
DE-FG02-09ER46557. NIST authors acknowledge support from the U.S.
Department of Commerce, the NIST Radiation and Biomolecular Physics
Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron
Research, and the Department of Energy inter-agency Agreement No.
DE_AI01-01EE50660.
NR 39
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 22
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 18
AR 183508
DI 10.1063/1.4804178
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 164VV
UT WOS:000320439900086
ER
PT J
AU Wilkinson, PR
Shaw, GA
Pratt, JR
AF Wilkinson, Paul R.
Shaw, Gordon A.
Pratt, Jon R.
TI Determination of a cantilever's mechanical impedance using photon
momentum
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; RADIATION; PRESSURE; RESOLUTION; SENSOR
AB We report the use of photon momentum as a means to measure the mechanical impedance of a mechanical oscillator with traceability to the International System of Units (SI). The optical power of a fiber coupled superluminous light emitting diode is modulated at a rms optical power of 6.5 mW, driving the cantilever at a rms value of over 10 nm on resonance in vacuum (10(-3) Pa). The experimentally determined mechanical impedance of the oscillator is fit to a damped harmonic oscillator response, and the stiffness is found to be in excellent agreement with the value obtained from an SI-traceable nanoindenter.
C1 [Wilkinson, Paul R.; Shaw, Gordon A.; Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wilkinson, PR (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM theotherpaulwilkinson@gmail.com
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2013
VL 102
IS 18
AR 184103
DI 10.1063/1.4803664
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 164VV
UT WOS:000320439900100
ER
PT J
AU Safronova, MS
Safronova, UI
Clark, CW
AF Safronova, M. S.
Safronova, U. I.
Clark, Charles W.
TI Magic wavelengths for optical cooling and trapping of potassium
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMS; POLARIZABILITIES
AB We carry out a systematic study of the static and dynamic polarizabilities of the potassium atom using a first-principles high-precision relativistic all-order method in which all single, double, and partial triple excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. Recommended values and uncertainties are provided for the relevant electric-dipole matrix elements. Polarizabilities of the 4s, 4p(j), 5s, 5p(j), and 3d(j) states are compared with other theoretical and experimental values when possible. We identify magic wavelengths for the 4s-np transitions for n = 4,5, i.e., those wavelengths for which the two levels have the same ac Stark shifts. The magic wavelengths for the 4s-5p transitions are of particular interest for attaining a quantum gas of potassium at high phase-space density. We find 20 such wavelengths in the technically interesting region of 1050-1130 nm.
C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab 217, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Safronova, U. I.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Safronova, U. I.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab 217, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885
FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center
[PHY-0822671]
FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department
of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was
supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers
Center Grant No. PHY-0822671.
NR 41
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 23
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 6
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 5
AR 052504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052504
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 137XK
UT WOS:000318471400008
ER
PT J
AU Crawford, MK
Smalley, RJ
Cohen, G
Hogan, B
Wood, B
Kumar, SK
Melnichenko, YB
He, L
Guise, W
Hammouda, B
AF Crawford, M. K.
Smalley, R. J.
Cohen, G.
Hogan, B.
Wood, B.
Kumar, S. K.
Melnichenko, Y. B.
He, L.
Guise, W.
Hammouda, B.
TI Chain Conformation in Polymer Nanocomposites with Uniformly Dispersed
Nanoparticles
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTE-CARLO; REINFORCEMENT; SIMULATIONS; DIMENSIONS; PARTICLES
AB The effect of nanoparticles (NP) on chain dimensions in polymer melts has been the source of considerable theoretical and experimental controversy. We exploit our ability to ensure a spatially uniform dispersion of 13 nm silica NPs miscible in polystyrene melts, together with neutron scattering, x-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, to show that there is no measurable change in the polymer size in miscible mixtures, regardless of the relative sizes of the chains and the nanoparticles, and for NP loadings as high as 32.7 vol%. Our results provide a firm basis from which to understand the properties of polymer nanocomposites.
C1 [Crawford, M. K.; Smalley, R. J.; Cohen, G.; Hogan, B.; Wood, B.; Guise, W.] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA.
[Kumar, S. K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Melnichenko, Y. B.; He, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Guise, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Hammouda, B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA.
RP Crawford, MK (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, E400-5424, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA.
OI He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101
FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National
Science Foundation [DMR-1006514, DMR-0944772]
FX A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux
Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility
operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by
Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. S. K. thanks the National Science
Foundation (Grant No. DMR-1006514) for partial support of this research.
We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing some of the
neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized
facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Grant No. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does
not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose.
NR 29
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U1 7
U2 112
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 6
PY 2013
VL 110
IS 19
AR 196001
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.196001
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 137ZB
UT WOS:000318476100008
PM 23705720
ER
PT J
AU Rabenold, C
AF Rabenold, Christa
TI Coastal Zone Management: Using No-Build Areas to Protect the Shorefront
SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE coastal hazards; coastal management; no-build areas; setbacks;
shorefront
AB The U.S. coast is susceptible to a number of natural processes that can threaten lives, property, the natural environment, and, ultimately, economies. The hazards posed by these processes are likely to be exacerbated as development and redevelopment continue along the coasts and as coastal populations rise. Risk is best reduced by limiting exposure to coastal hazards. While most land use decisions are made at the local level, states can play a role in directing development away from hazard-prone places along ocean and Great Lake shorefronts through their coastal management programs. This article reports on where coastal states and territories have established no-build areas along ocean and Great Lake shorefronts to prevent unsustainable development and protect public interests. Findings suggest that roughly 75% of states with federally approved coastal management programs employ shorefront no-build areas, but that the associated laws and regulations vary considerably due largely to differences in geographic and geologic situations, regulatory frameworks, shorefront property ownership, level of existing development, and dominant uses. Laws and regulations change over time to improve effectiveness and reflect better information and new challenges. Climate change is one of the challenges that already has states reevaluating how best to protect their shorefronts.
C1 NOAA, OCRM, CPD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Rabenold, C (reprint author), NOAA, OCRM, CPD, 1305 East West Highway,N ORM3 SSMC4 11237, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM christa.rabenold@noaa.gov
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 22
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0892-0753
J9 COAST MANAGE
JI Coast. Manage.
PD MAY 4
PY 2013
VL 41
IS 3
SI SI
BP 294
EP 311
DI 10.1080/08920753.2013.784892
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 149LB
UT WOS:000319320000008
ER
PT J
AU Mendez, MA
Szalai, VA
AF Angel Mendez, Miguel
Szalai, Veronika A.
TI Synapsable quadruplex-mediated fibers
SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Guanine quartet; Guanine quadruplex; Atomic force microscopy; Nanowires;
Nanofibers; DNA nanomaterials; Synapsable quadruplex
ID DNA-POLYMERASE-IOTA; METHYL MESOPORPHYRIN IX; NANOSCALE SHAPES;
END-STACKING; FOLDING DNA; G-WIRE; MICROSCOPY; HELICES; SUPERSTRUCTURES;
REPLICATION
AB We have fabricated a DNA-based nanofiber created by self-assembly of guanine quadruplex (Hoogsteen base pairing) and double-stranded DNA (Watson-Crick base pairing). When duplexes containing a long stretch of contiguous guanines and single-stranded overhangs are incubated in potassium-containing buffer, the preformed duplexes create high molecular weight species that contain quadruplexes. In addition to observation of these larger species by gel electrophoresis, solutions were analyzed by atomic force microscopy to reveal nanofibers. Analysis of the atomic force microscopy images indicates that fibers form with lengths ranging from 250 to 2,000 nm and heights from 0.45 to 4.0 nm. This work is a first step toward the creation of new structurally heterogeneous (quadruplex/duplex), yet controllable, DNA-based materials exhibiting novel properties suitable for a diverse array of nanotechnology applications.
C1 [Angel Mendez, Miguel; Szalai, Veronika A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Angel Mendez, Miguel] Univ San Francisco Quito, Cumbaya 17120084, Quito, Ecuador.
[Szalai, Veronika A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Szalai, VA (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1000 Hilltop Dr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
EM vszalai@nist.gov
OI Mendez, Miguel/0000-0001-9281-2644
FU NSF CAREER award [CHE-0346066]
FX We thank Y. Zhang for assistance with early AFM measurements and D.
Fabris and M. Scalabrin for mass spectrometry measurements. This work
was supported by an NSF CAREER award to VAS (CHE-0346066).
NR 53
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 24
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1931-7573
J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT
JI Nanoscale Res. Lett.
PD MAY 3
PY 2013
VL 8
AR 210
DI 10.1186/1556-276X-8-210
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 147LN
UT WOS:000319168600001
PM 23641903
ER
PT J
AU Islam, R
Senko, C
Campbell, WC
Korenblit, S
Smith, J
Lee, A
Edwards, EE
Wang, CCJ
Freericks, JK
Monroe, C
AF Islam, R.
Senko, C.
Campbell, W. C.
Korenblit, S.
Smith, J.
Lee, A.
Edwards, E. E.
Wang, C. -C. J.
Freericks, J. K.
Monroe, C.
TI Emergence and Frustration of Magnetism with Variable-Range Interactions
in a Quantum Simulator
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAPPED IONS; SPINS
AB Frustration, or the competition between interacting components of a network, is often responsible for the emergent complexity of many-body systems. For instance, frustrated magnetism is a hallmark of poorly understood systems such as quantum spin liquids, spin glasses, and spin ices, whose ground states can be massively degenerate and carry high degrees of quantum entanglement. Here, we engineer frustrated antiferromagnetic interactions between spins stored in a crystal of up to 16 trapped Yb-171(+) atoms. We control the amount of frustration by continuously tuning the range of interaction and directly measure spin correlation functions and their coherent dynamics. This prototypical quantum simulation points the way toward a new probe of frustrated quantum magnetism and perhaps the design of new quantum materials.
C1 [Islam, R.; Senko, C.; Campbell, W. C.; Korenblit, S.; Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Edwards, E. E.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Islam, R.; Senko, C.; Campbell, W. C.; Korenblit, S.; Smith, J.; Lee, A.; Edwards, E. E.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wang, C. -C. J.; Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
RP Monroe, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM monroe@umd.edu
RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011;
OI Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165
FU U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF0710576]; Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator Program, ARO
[W911NF0410234]; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; NSF
Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; McDevitt bequest
at Georgetown
FX We thank E. Demler, L. Duan, D. Huse, K. Kim, P. Richerme, R. Sensarma,
and P. Zoller for critical discussions. This work is supported by the
U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) award W911NF0710576 with funds from the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Optical Lattice Emulator
Program, ARO award W911NF0410234 with funds from the Intelligence
Advanced Research Projects Activity, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center
at the Joint Quantum Institute. J.K.F. was also supported by the
McDevitt bequest at Georgetown.
NR 23
TC 121
Z9 121
U1 4
U2 42
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 3
PY 2013
VL 340
IS 6132
BP 583
EP 587
DI 10.1126/science.1232296
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 135EA
UT WOS:000318268900041
PM 23641112
ER
PT J
AU Priede, IG
Bergstad, OA
Miller, PI
Vecchione, M
Gebruk, A
Falkenhaug, T
Billett, DSM
Craig, J
Dale, AC
Shields, MA
Tilstone, GH
Sutton, TT
Gooday, AJ
Inall, ME
Jones, DOB
Martinez-Vicente, V
Menezes, GM
Niedzielski, T
Sigurosson, P
Rothe, N
Rogacheva, A
Alt, CHS
Brand, T
Abell, R
Brierley, AS
Cousins, NJ
Crockard, D
Hoelzel, AR
Hoines, A
Letessier, TB
Read, JF
Shimmield, T
Cox, MJ
Galbraith, JK
Gordon, JDM
Horton, T
Neat, F
Lorance, P
AF Priede, Imants G.
Bergstad, Odd Aksel
Miller, Peter I.
Vecchione, Michael
Gebruk, Andrey
Falkenhaug, Tone
Billett, David S. M.
Craig, Jessica
Dale, Andrew C.
Shields, Mark A.
Tilstone, Gavin H.
Sutton, Tracey T.
Gooday, Andrew J.
Inall, Mark E.
Jones, Daniel O. B.
Martinez-Vicente, Victor
Menezes, Gui M.
Niedzielski, Tomasz
Sigurosson, Porsteinn
Rothe, Nina
Rogacheva, Antonina
Alt, Claudia H. S.
Brand, Timothy
Abell, Richard
Brierley, Andrew S.
Cousins, Nicola J.
Crockard, Deborah
Hoelzel, A. Rus
Hoines, Age
Letessier, Tom B.
Read, Jane F.
Shimmield, Tracy
Cox, Martin J.
Galbraith, John K.
Gordon, John D. M.
Horton, Tammy
Neat, Francis
Lorance, Pascal
TI Does Presence of a Mid-Ocean Ridge Enhance Biomass and Biodiversity?
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; TEMPERATE NE ATLANTIC; DEEP-WATER FISH;
NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA-FLOOR; CORYPHAENOIDES-RUPESTRIS; DEMERSAL FISH;
OCEAN; SEAMOUNTS; PATTERNS
AB In contrast to generally sparse biological communities in open-ocean settings, seamounts and ridges are perceived as areas of elevated productivity and biodiversity capable of supporting commercial fisheries. We investigated the origin of this apparent biological enhancement over a segment of the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) using sonar, corers, trawls, traps, and a remotely operated vehicle to survey habitat, biomass, and biodiversity. Satellite remote sensing provided information on flow patterns, thermal fronts, and primary production, while sediment traps measured export flux during 2007-2010. The MAR, 3,704,404 km 2 in area, accounts for 44.7% lower bathyal habitat (800-3500 m depth) in the North Atlantic and is dominated by fine soft sediment substrate (95% of area) on a series of flat terraces with intervening slopes either side of the ridge axis contributing to habitat heterogeneity. The MAR fauna comprises mainly species known from continental margins with no evidence of greater biodiversity. Primary production and export flux over the MAR were not enhanced compared with a nearby reference station over the Porcupine Abyssal Plain. Biomasses of benthic macrofauna and megafauna were similar to global averages at the same depths totalling an estimated 258.9 kt C over the entire lower bathyal north MAR. A hypothetical flat plain at 3500 m depth in place of the MAR would contain 85.6 kt C, implying an increase of 173.3 kt C attributable to the presence of the Ridge. This is approximately equal to 167 kt C of estimated pelagic biomass displaced by the volume of the MAR. There is no enhancement of biological productivity over the MAR; oceanic bathypelagic species are replaced by benthic fauna otherwise unable to survive in the mid ocean. We propose that globally sea floor elevation has no effect on deep sea biomass; pelagic plus benthic biomass is constant within a given surface productivity regime.
C1 [Priede, Imants G.; Craig, Jessica; Shields, Mark A.; Cousins, Nicola J.; Crockard, Deborah] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Oceanlab, Aberdeen, Scotland.
[Bergstad, Odd Aksel; Falkenhaug, Tone] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen, His, Norway.
[Miller, Peter I.; Tilstone, Gavin H.; Martinez-Vicente, Victor] Plymouth Marine Lab, Remote Sensing Grp, Plymouth, Devon, England.
[Vecchione, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,NOAA, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
[Gebruk, Andrey; Rogacheva, Antonina] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia.
[Billett, David S. M.; Gooday, Andrew J.; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Rothe, Nina; Alt, Claudia H. S.; Read, Jane F.; Horton, Tammy] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
[Dale, Andrew C.; Inall, Mark E.; Brand, Timothy; Abell, Richard; Shimmield, Tracy; Gordon, John D. M.] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban, Argyll, Scotland.
[Sutton, Tracey T.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA USA.
[Menezes, Gui M.] Univ Azores, Dept Oceanog & Fisheries, Horta, Faial, Portugal.
[Niedzielski, Tomasz] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Geog & Reg Dev, Dept Geoinformat & Cartog, PL-50138 Wroclaw, Poland.
[Sigurosson, Porsteinn] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Brierley, Andrew S.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland.
[Hoelzel, A. Rus] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England.
[Hoines, Age] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway.
[Letessier, Tom B.] Univ Western Australia, Oceans Inst, Ctr Marine Futures, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
[Cox, Martin J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Southern Ocean Ecosyst Change Dept, Kingston, Tas, Australia.
[Galbraith, John K.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Neat, Francis] Marine Scotland Sci, Marine Lab, Aberdeen, Scotland.
[Lorance, Pascal] IFREMER, Ctr Atlantique, F-44311 Nantes 03, France.
RP Priede, IG (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Oceanlab, Aberdeen, Scotland.
EM i.g.priede@abdn.ac.uk
RI Miller, Peter/E-4525-2013; Jones, Daniel/A-3412-2009; Horton,
Tammy/G-3590-2010; Alt, Claudia/B-5439-2014; Dale, Andrew/H-4847-2012;
Inall, Mark/I-4835-2014; Menezes, Gui/A-3956-2009; Martinez-Vicente,
Victor/F-5131-2010;
OI Tilstone, Gavin/0000-0002-9347-1682; Miller, Peter/0000-0002-5292-8789;
Jones, Daniel/0000-0001-5218-1649; Horton, Tammy/0000-0003-4250-1068;
Dale, Andrew/0000-0002-9256-7770; Inall, Mark/0000-0002-1624-4275;
Menezes, Gui/0000-0003-0781-4579; Martinez-Vicente,
Victor/0000-0003-3492-583X; Priede, Imants/0000-0002-5064-9751;
Bergstad, Odd Aksel/0000-0002-4096-0896; Lorance,
Pascal/0000-0002-6453-2925
FU UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/C512961/1]; Census of Marine
Life
FX The research was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council
(http://www.nerc.ac.uk/) consortium grant number NE/C512961/1 for a
project entitled: ECOMAR; Ecosystem of the Mid Atlantic Ridge at the
Sub-Polar Front and Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. Funding was also
provided by the Census of Marine Life (http://www.coml.org/). Other than
selecting the project for funding and approving the resources required,
the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 55
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 69
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 2
PY 2013
VL 8
IS 5
AR e61550
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0061550
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 175AF
UT WOS:000321200500009
PM 23658696
ER
PT J
AU Fujita, S
Kamazawa, K
Yamamoto, S
Tyagi, M
Araki, T
Sugiyama, J
Hasegawa, N
Kawasumi, M
AF Fujita, Satoru
Kamazawa, Kazuya
Yamamoto, Satoru
Tyagi, Madhusudan
Araki, Toru
Sugiyama, Jun
Hasegawa, Naoki
Kawasumi, Masaya
TI Proton Conductivity under Dry Conditions for Mesoporous Silica with
Highly Dense Sulfonic Acid Groups
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID FUEL-CELL; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; IMIDAZOLE;
SNP2O7; NAFION; H2O; IR
AB Highly dense sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous electrolytes with high proton conductivity under dry conditions were prepared using tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of surfactants. Impedance spectroscopy and quasielastic neutron scattering measurements showed that the proton conductive properties of the mesoporous electrolytes depended significantly on the sulfonic acid densities on the surface of the mesoporous walls. This finding was also supported by molecular dynamics simulations. The proton conductivity of the mesoporous electrolyte with the highest acid density of 3.1 SO3H molecules/nm(2) showed a value of 0.3 mS/cm at 433 K even under dry conditions. This value was higher than that for Nafion by about 2 orders of magnitude.. Such high proton conductivity is thought to be induced by proton hopping in the hydrogen bonded networks that were predominantly formed by neighboring sulfonic acid groups.
C1 [Fujita, Satoru; Kamazawa, Kazuya; Yamamoto, Satoru; Araki, Toru; Sugiyama, Jun; Hasegawa, Naoki; Kawasumi, Masaya] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan.
[Kamazawa, Kazuya] CROSS, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
[Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Fujita, S (reprint author), Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Nagakute, Aichi 4801192, Japan.
EM s-fujita@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp; k_kamazawa@cross.or.jp
RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Sugiyama, Jun/M-6535-2015
OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Sugiyama,
Jun/0000-0002-0916-5333
FU MEXT, Japan [23108003]
FX The authors thank Dr. Y. Fukushima and N. Hoshikawa (Toyota Central R&D
Laboratories., Inc.) for fruitful discussions. J.S. is partially
supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas
23108003, MEXT, Japan.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 55
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 2
PY 2013
VL 117
IS 17
BP 8727
EP 8736
DI 10.1021/jp307058s
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 138UX
UT WOS:000318536600016
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, LE
Lee, ST
Levin, PS
AF Anderson, Leif E.
Lee, S. Todd
Levin, Phillip S.
TI Costs of Delaying Conservation: Regulations and the Recreational Values
of Exploited and Co-occurring Species
SO LAND ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BY-CATCH; ROCKFISH; BAROTRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; NEARSHORE; CHOICE
AB Several species of rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) in the Puget Sound of Washington have recently been listed under the Endangered Species Act. Bag limits for rockfishes have been restricted as a result, and recreational bycatch may prompt additional restrictions on trips targeting co-occurring species. A mixed logit model is estimated on discrete choice experiment data in order to simulate the effects of a set of regulations intended to conserve rockfish populations on recreational use values. Measures intended to limit rockfish bycatch mortality are shown to have economic impacts that are orders of magnitude larger than a direct adjustment in rockfish regulations.
C1 [Anderson, Leif E.; Lee, S. Todd] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Anderson, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
NR 32
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU UNIV WISCONSIN
PI MADISON
PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA
SN 0023-7639
EI 1543-8325
J9 LAND ECON
JI Land Econ.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 89
IS 2
BP 371
EP 385
PG 15
WC Economics; Environmental Studies
SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 245QN
UT WOS:000326479000010
ER
PT J
AU Sun, YJ
Wells, MG
Bailey, SA
Anderson, EJ
AF Sun, Yajun
Wells, Mathew G.
Bailey, Sarah A.
Anderson, Eric J.
TI Physical dispersion and dilution of ballast water discharge in the St.
Clair River: Implications for biological invasions
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ballast water discharge; dye release; the St; Clair River;
two-dimensional dispersion; biological invasions
ID TRACER RELEASE EXPERIMENT; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LONGITUDINAL
DISPERSION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; TRANSPORT; INTRODUCTIONS
AB Key Points Limited transverse mixing predicts discharge never reaches the opposite bank. Power-law decay of peak concentration can considerably reduce invasion risks. Distinct travels speeds occur across the wide channel due to velocity shear.
Ballast-water-vectored biological invasions in water bodies are subject to physical mixing. To investigate how mixing influences ballast water dispersion, we conducted five trials of dye release in the 600-900 m wide St. Clair River (with a mean flow of 5100 m(3) s(-1)) in 2009. Dye-mixed ballast water was discharged from tankers in two nearshore trials, and dye solutions were directly released into the river in three offshore trials. Results confirm that dye was rapidly diluted by jet mixing during ballast water discharge (BWD) and became vertically homogeneous within 500 m downstream. Subsequently, there was two-dimensional mixing downstream with a longitudinal dispersion coefficient K-x approximate to 100 m(2) s(-1) and a transverse dispersion coefficient K-y approximate to 0.5 m(2) s(-1). The marked difference between K-x and K-y resulted in limited transverse mixing, implying that any nearshore BWD is unlikely to reach the opposite bank in the wide St. Clair River within its total length (approximate to 60 km). The peak concentration C-p showed a power-law decay over time t as C-p t(b) and b was close to -1, consistent with the Fickian diffusion model. Compared to the offshore trials, the nearshore trials were characterized by significantly slower travel speeds, because of velocity shear across the channel. This is the first field study on mixing of BWD in the context of biological invasions in a river that is large enough to reveal considerable differences in mixing across the channel. These findings shed light on the management of BWD and contaminant spills.
C1 [Sun, Yajun] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
[Wells, Mathew G.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Bailey, Sarah A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Burlington, ON, Canada.
[Anderson, Eric J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Sun, YJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
EM yajun.sun@utoronto.ca
RI wells, mathew/A-7101-2012; Bailey, Sarah/E-8356-2010;
OI wells, mathew/0000-0003-3838-9202; Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383
FU NSERC Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN); NSERC; Great
Lakes Observing System (GLOS); Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport
Canada
FX We greatly appreciate fieldwork assistance from Jocelyn Gerlofsma, Harry
Zheng, Matt Hatcher, the Canadian Coast Guard, and Applied Science Inc.
(ASI, Detroit, Michigan). We are grateful to the owners, captains, and
crew of the "Diamond Star" and "Algoeast" for facilitating the trials of
BWD. We also thank the Detroit District of the USACE for providing the
data of velocity distribution in the St. Clair River. Funding for the
two BWDs (nearshore trials) was provided by the NSERC Canadian Aquatic
Invasive Species Network (CAISN), NSERC discovery grants to M. G. W. and
S. A. B., Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport Canada. Funding for
the three direct dye releases (offshore trials) was provided by the
Great Lakes Observing System (GLOS). This is GLERL contribution 1662.
NR 67
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U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 49
IS 5
BP 2395
EP 2407
DI 10.1002/wrcr.20201
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 216OD
UT WOS:000324292300006
ER
PT J
AU Yong, B
Ren, LL
Hong, Y
Gourley, JJ
Tian, YD
Huffman, GJ
Chen, X
Wang, WG
Wen, YX
AF Yong, Bin
Ren, Liliang
Hong, Yang
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Tian, Yudong
Huffman, George J.
Chen, Xi
Wang, Weiguang
Wen, Yixin
TI First evaluation of the climatological calibration algorithm in the
real- time TMPA precipitation estimates over two basins at high and low
latitudes
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE satellite rainfall; validation; hydrology
ID PRODUCTS; RAINFALL; DATASETS
AB Key Points The crucial upgrade of TMPA-RT effectively reduces the systematic errors. This upgrade tends to perform worse at higher latitudes, especially in winter. Future efforts include improved error structure and extension to high latitudes.
The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) system underwent a crucial upgrade in early 2009 to include a climatological calibration algorithm (CCA) to its real-time product 3B42RT, and this algorithm will continue to be applied in the future Global Precipitation Measurement era constellation precipitation products. In this study, efforts are focused on the comparison and validation of the Version 6 3B42RT estimates before and after the climatological calibration is applied. The evaluation is accomplished using independent rain gauge networks located within the high-latitude Laohahe basin and the low-latitude Mishui basin, both in China. The analyses indicate the CCA can effectively reduce the systematic errors over the low-latitude Mishui basin but misrepresent the intensity distribution pattern of medium-high rain rates. This behavior could adversely affect TMPA's hydrological applications, especially for extreme events (e.g., floods and landslides). Results also show that the CCA tends to perform slightly worse, in particular, during summer and winter, over the high-latitude Laohahe basin. This is possibly due to the simplified calibration-processing scheme in the CCA that directly applies the climatological calibrators developed within 40 degrees latitude to the latitude belts of 40 degrees N-50 degrees N. Caution should therefore be exercised when using the calibrated 3B42RT for heavy rainfall-related flood forecasting (or landslide warning) over high-latitude regions, as the employment of the smooth-fill scheme in the CCA bias correction could homogenize the varying rainstorm characteristics. Finally, this study highlights that accurate detection and estimation of snow at high latitudes is still a challenging task for the future development of satellite precipitation retrievals.
C1 [Yong, Bin; Ren, Liliang; Chen, Xi; Wang, Weiguang] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Yong, Bin; Hong, Yang; Wen, Yixin] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Tian, Yudong] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Tian, Yudong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Yong, B (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM yongbin_hhu@126.com
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Huffman,
George/F-4494-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Huffman,
George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51190090]; 111 Project
[B08048]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2012813];
Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Digital Earth; Center for Earth
Observation and Digital Earth; Chinese Academy of Sciences [2011LDE008];
Special Basic Research Fund for Methodology in Hydrology [2011IM011000];
Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province; Open Fund of State Key Laboratory
of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2012490111]
FX The TMPA data used in this study were provided by the NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center's Laboratory for Atmospheres and PPS, which develop and
compute the TMPA as a contribution to TRMM. The authors thank three
anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the earlier version of this
paper. This work was financially supported by the Major Program of
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51190090) and the 111
Project (B08048). Also, this work is partially sponsored by Natural
Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2012813), Open Research Fund
of Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Center for Earth Observation and
Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2011LDE008), Special Basic
Research Fund for Methodology in Hydrology (2011IM011000), Qinglan
Project of Jiangsu Province, and Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of
Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (2012490111).
NR 26
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U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 49
IS 5
BP 2461
EP 2472
DI 10.1002/wrcr.20246
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 216OD
UT WOS:000324292300011
ER
PT J
AU Fry, LM
Hunter, TS
Phanikumar, MS
Fortin, V
Gronewold, AD
AF Fry, L. M.
Hunter, T. S.
Phanikumar, M. S.
Fortin, V.
Gronewold, A. D.
TI Identifying streamgage networks for maximizing the effectiveness of
regional water balance modeling
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL; UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS;
CLIMATE; PREDICTIONS; BEHAVIOR; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT;
IMPACTS
C1 [Fry, L. M.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Hunter, T. S.; Gronewold, A. D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Phanikumar, M. S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Fortin, V.] Environm Canada, Environm Numer Predict Res Sect, Dorval, PQ, Canada.
RP Fry, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM lmfry@umich.edu
OI Fortin, Vincent/0000-0002-2145-4592; Gronewold,
Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529
FU Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; University
of Michigan; NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
FX This work was partially completed under a post-doctoral fellowship with
the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, awarded
under a Cooperative Agreement between the University of Michigan and the
NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Additionally, the
authors thank three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive
comments, as well as Thorsten Wagener for his thoughtful early review of
this manuscript. This publication is GLERL Contribution 1659.
NR 49
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U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 49
IS 5
BP 2689
EP 2700
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 216OD
UT WOS:000324292300027
ER
PT J
AU Miller, WP
DeRosa, GM
Gangopadhyay, S
Valdes, JB
AF Miller, W. Paul
DeRosa, Gina M.
Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu
Valdes, Juan B.
TI Predicting regime shifts in flow of the Gunnison River under changing
climate conditions
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; US STREAMFLOW; COLORADO; VARIABILITY; BASIN; SNOW; RISK
C1 [Miller, W. Paul] NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA.
[DeRosa, Gina M.] US Bur Reclamat, Water Operat Control Ctr, Boulder City, NV USA.
[DeRosa, Gina M.; Valdes, Juan B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Gangopadhyay, Subhrendu] US Bur Reclamat, Tech Serv Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
RP Miller, WP (reprint author), NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, 2242 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA.
EM paul.miller@noaa.gov
OI Miller, William/0000-0002-6116-0919
FU U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration,
Colorado Basin River Forecast Center
FX The authors thank the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the National
Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, Colorado Basin River Forecast
Center, for supporting this study.
NR 31
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U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 49
IS 5
BP 2966
EP 2974
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 216OD
UT WOS:000324292300046
ER
PT J
AU Hay, B
Zarr, R
Stacey, C
Lira-Cortes, L
Hammerschmidt, U
Sokolov, N
Zhang, J
Filtz, JR
Fleurence, N
AF Hay, B.
Zarr, R.
Stacey, C.
Lira-Cortes, L.
Hammerschmidt, U.
Sokolov, N.
Zhang, J.
Filtz, J. -R.
Fleurence, N.
TI Analysis of Thermal-Conductivity Measurement Data from International
Comparison of National Laboratories
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Guarded hot plate; Insulating materials; Interlaboratory comparison;
Thermal conductivity
ID GUARDED HOT PLATES
AB For the first time under the auspices of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), seven national metrology institutes (NMIs) participated in an international interlaboratory comparison on thermal-conductivity measurements by the guarded hot-plate method. Measurements were conducted successively by all participants on the same set of specimens of insulating materials (mineral wool and expanded polystyrene) at temperatures ranging from 10 A degrees C to 40 A degrees C, according to the International Standard ISO 8302. This protocol aims to minimize issues of material variability by circulating the same pairs of specimens among the laboratories following the strict format of a round-robin test program. This comparison is a pilot study which is intended as a first stage for future key comparisons between NMIs. The descriptive analysis of obtained results shows good agreement between laboratories for the mineral wool (MW) specimens and the thicker specimens of expanded polystyrene (EPS), with relative deviations within the uncertainties of measurement. A positive drift of thermal-conductivity values, which has appeared progressively during the comparison process, seems to be correlated with the size of the metering area of the guarded hot plates used. A statistical analysis was applied to repeated thermal-conductivity measurements at 23 A degrees C, to identify anomalous and outlying data, to assess the within- and between-laboratory variability, and to evaluate the participant laboratories' performance.
C1 [Hay, B.; Filtz, J. -R.; Fleurence, N.] Sci & Ind Metrol Ctr, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, F-75015 Paris, France.
[Zarr, R.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stacey, C.] Natl Phys Lab, Thermal Performance Grp, Div Mat, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Lira-Cortes, L.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Div Termometria, Area Elect, Queretaro, Mexico.
[Hammerschmidt, U.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Sokolov, N.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg 190005, Russia.
[Zhang, J.] Natl Inst Metrol, Heat Div, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
RP Hay, B (reprint author), Sci & Ind Metrol Ctr, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, F-75015 Paris, France.
EM bruno.hay@lne.fr
RI Stacey, Clark/L-7896-2015
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
EI 1572-9567
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 34
IS 5
BP 737
EP 762
DI 10.1007/s10765-012-1225-x
PG 26
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 169UN
UT WOS:000320806100001
ER
PT J
AU Deschamps, A
Tivey, MA
Chadwick, WW
Embley, RW
AF Deschamps, A.
Tivey, M. A.
Chadwick, W. W., Jr.
Embley, R. W.
TI Waning magmatic activity along the Southern Explorer Ridge revealed
through fault restoration of rift topography
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mid-ocean ridge; lava flow; spreading; axial valley; Explorer ridge;
dike; cyclic
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SPREADING CENTERS;
NORTHEAST PACIFIC; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; PLATE BOUNDARY; EVOLUTION; DIKE;
OCEAN
AB Key Points
High-resolution bathymetry on the Explorer Ridge
Ridge topography reconstruction
Model of cyclic volcanism
We combine high-resolution bathymetry acquired using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ABE with digital seafloor imagery collected using the remotely operated vehicle ROPOS across the axial valley of the Southern Explorer Ridge (SER) to infer the recent volcanic and tectonic processes. The SER is an intermediate spreading ridge located in the northeast Pacific. It hosts the Magic Mountain hydrothermal vent. We reconstruct the unfaulted seafloor terrain at SER based on calculations of the vertical displacement field and fault parameters. The vertical changes between the initial and the restored topographies reflect the integrated effects of volcanism and tectonism on relief-forming processes over the last 11,000-14,000 years. The restored topography indicates that the axial morphology evolved from a smooth constructional dome >500 m in diameter, to a fault-bounded graben, ~500 m wide and 30-70 m deep. This evolution has been accompanied by changes in eruptive rate, with deposition of voluminous lobate and sheet flows when the SER had a domed morphology, and limited-extent low-effusion rate pillow eruptions during graben development. Most of the faults shaping the present axial valley postdate the construction of the dome. Our study supports a model of cyclic volcanism at the SER with periods of effusive eruptions flooding the axial rift, centered on the broad plateau at the summit of the ridge, followed by a decrease in eruptive activity and a subsequent dominance of tectonic processes, with minor low-effusion rate eruptions confined to the axial graben. The asymmetric shape of the axial graben supports an increasing role of extensional processes, with a component of simple shear in the spreading processes.
C1 [Deschamps, A.] Univ Brest, CNRS, UMR Domaines Ocean 6538, OSU IUEM,Inst Univ Europeen La Mer, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
[Tivey, M. A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Chadwick, W. W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Embley, R. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA.
RP Deschamps, A (reprint author), Univ Brest, CNRS, UMR Domaines Ocean 6538, OSU IUEM,Inst Univ Europeen La Mer, 4 Pl N Copernic, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
EM Anne.Deschamps@univ-brest.fr
RI Deschamps, Anne/F-3369-2010; Tivey, Maurice/E-9247-2015
OI Tivey, Maurice/0000-0003-0821-1155
FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Post-doctoral Scholarship, CNRS;
Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, France
FX Funding for the 2002 Submarine Ring of Fire expedition was from the NOAA
Ocean Exploration Program and NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory. We thank Ed Baker (co-chief scientist) and the science team
and the personnel of the R/V Thomas G. Thompson for their support during
the cruise. The success of this expedition is largely due to the ABE
team led by D. Yoerger and A. Bradley who provided technical and
excellent operational support. We thank M. Jakuba who developed the
SM2000 data processing tool, which was used for the first time on this
expedition. PMEL contribution number 3945. This work was supported by a
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Post-doctoral Scholarship, CNRS and
Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, France.
NR 69
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U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 14
IS 5
BP 1609
EP 1625
DI 10.1002/ggge.20110
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 218DJ
UT WOS:000324412600017
ER
PT J
AU Brody, SR
Lozier, MS
Dunne, JP
AF Brody, Sarah R.
Lozier, M. Susan
Dunne, John P.
TI A comparison of methods to determine phytoplankton bloom initiation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE phytoplankton phenology; ocean color remote sensing; subpolar spring
bloom; phytoplankton bloom initiation; SeaWiFS; heat fluxes
ID CRITICAL DEPTH HYPOTHESIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SPRING BLOOM; TIME-SERIES;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL SUCCESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHENOLOGY;
OCEAN; SEA
AB Phytoplankton bloom phenology has important consequences for marine ecosystems and fisheries. Recent studies have used remotely sensed ocean color data to calculate metrics associated with the phenological cycle, such as the phytoplankton bloom initiation date, on regional and global scales. These metrics are often linked to physical or biological forcings. Most studies choose one of several common methods for calculating bloom initiation, leading to questions about whether bloom initiation dates calculated with different methods yield comparable results. Here we compare three methods for finding the date of phytoplankton bloom initiation in the North Atlantic: a biomass-based threshold method, a rate of change method, and a cumulative biomass-based threshold method. We use these methods to examine whether the onset of positive ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes coincides with subpolar bloom initiation. In several coherent locations, we find differences in the patterns of bloom initiation created by each method and differences in the synchrony between bloom initiation and positive heat fluxes, which likely indicate various physical processes at play in the study region. We also assess the effect of missing data on the chosen methods.
C1 [Brody, Sarah R.; Lozier, M. Susan] Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Dunne, John P.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Brody, SR (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM Sarah.Brody@duke.edu
OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489
FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; NOAA MPOWIR fellowship
FX SeaWiFS chlorophyll a data were obtained using the NASA ocean color
database. Heat flux data were obtained from the ESRL/PSD database. This
work was funded by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship and by a
NOAA MPOWIR fellowship. We would like to thank R. Asch, who provided
helpful suggestions and comments during the development of this work. We
would also like to acknowledge three anonymous reviewers, whose helpful
suggestions and comments greatly improved this paper.
NR 43
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U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 5
BP 2345
EP 2357
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20167
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224TZ
UT WOS:000324913700007
ER
PT J
AU Girishkumar, MS
Ravichandran, M
McPhaden, MJ
AF Girishkumar, M. S.
Ravichandran, M.
McPhaden, M. J.
TI Temperature inversions and their influence on the mixed layer heat
budget during the winters of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 in the Bay of
Bengal
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bay of Bengal; Temperature inversion; Barrier Layer; Mixed layer heat
budget; Indian Ocean Dipole; ENSO
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; WESTERN EQUATORIAL
PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; ARABIAN SEA; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; BARRIER
LAYER; CIRCULATION; DEPTH; HYDROGRAPHY
AB Time series measurements of temperature, salinity and surface meteorological parameters recorded at 8 degrees N, 90 degrees E in the southern central Bay of Bengal (BoB) from a Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and predication (RAMA) buoy are used to document temperature inversions and their influence on the mixed layer heat budget during the winters, defined as October to March, of 2006-2007 (W67) and 2007-2008 (W78). There is a marked difference in the frequency and amplitude of temperature inversion between these two winters, with variations much stronger in W78 compared to W67. The formation of temperature inversions is favored by the existence of thick barrier layers, which are also more prominent in W78 compared to W67. Inversions occur when heating in the barrier layer below the mixed layer by penetrative shortwave radiation is greater than heating of the mixed layer by net surface heat flux and horizontal advection. Our analysis further demonstrates that intraseasonal and year-to-year variability in the frequency and magnitude of temperature inversions during winter have substantial influence on mixed layer temperature through the modulation of vertical heat flux at the base of mixed layer.
C1 [Girishkumar, M. S.; Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad 500055, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Ravichandran, M (reprint author), Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad 500055, Andhra Pradesh, India.
EM ravi@incois.gov.in
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016;
OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731
FU NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team; National Oceanographic Partnership
Program (NOPP); NASA Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program; NASA
MEaSUREs DISCOVER Project
FX The encouragement and facilities provided by the Director, INCOIS are
gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to acknowledge two anonymous
reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the final
manuscript. RAMA data are provided by the TAO Project Office of
NOAA/PMEL. QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and
sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. Microwave OI SST
data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems (www.remss.com) and
sponsored by National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), the NASA
Earth Science Physical Oceanography Program, and the NASA MEaSUREs
DISCOVER Project. QuikSCAT and TMI+AMSRE data are downloaded from
www.ssmi.com. The altimeter products are produced by SSALTO/DUACS and
distributed by AVISO. Argo data were collected and made freely available
by the International Argo Program and the national programs that
contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org).
The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. INCOIS
contribution Number. 140 and PMEL contribution number 3935.
NR 65
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U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 5
BP 2426
EP 2437
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20192
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224TZ
UT WOS:000324913700013
ER
PT J
AU Merrifield, MA
Genz, AS
Kontoes, CP
Marra, JJ
AF Merrifield, Mark A.
Genz, Ayesha S.
Kontoes, Christopher P.
Marra, John J.
TI Annual maximum water levels from tide gauges: Contributing factors and
geographic patterns
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE extreme water levels; tide gauges; tides
ID EXTREME HIGH WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORM-SURGE; SEA LEVELS;
VARIABILITY; SETUP; COAST
AB Hourly time series from a quasi-global set of 145 tide gauges are used to investigate annual maximum water levels at each station. High water levels are deconstructed into (1) a predicted tidal component, (2) a seasonal component, (3) a low-frequency nontidal residual that accounts for sea level variability at time scales greater than a month but less than a year, and (4) a high-frequency nontidal residual that captures variability particularly associated with storms at time scales greater than a month. The time-averaged annual maximum water level correlates significantly with, and scales as 2.5 times, the water level standard deviation at the tide gauge stations. This relationship is used to estimate time-averaged annual maximum water level on a nearly continuous global scale (excluding ice-covered polar regions) by specifying variance maps of the tides from a tide model, the seasonal and low-frequency residual components from satellite altimetry sea surface height, and the high-frequency residual component from an atmospheric reanalysis product. The variance fields are combined to estimate time-averaged annual maximum water levels that compare well with observed values at the tide gauge stations. Spatial patterns of annual maximum water levels and relative contributions from the tides and nontidal residual components are considered.
C1 [Merrifield, Mark A.; Genz, Ayesha S.; Kontoes, Christopher P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Marra, John J.] NOAA NESDIS Natl Climat Data Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Merrifield, MA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Marine Sci Bldg 317,1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM markm@soest.hawaii.edu
RI KONTOES, Charalampos (Haris)/L-5514-2013
FU NOAA NOS Coastal Storms Project; NCDC Pacific Storms Climatology
Products Project from East West Center; NOAA Office of Climate
Observations [NA09OAR4320075]
FX This work was funded as part of the NOAA NOS Coastal Storms Project and
NCDC Pacific Storms Climatology Products Project via a grant from the
East West Center. Additional support was provided by the NOAA Office of
Climate Observations (award NA09OAR4320075). Insightful criticisms from
three anonymous reviewers led to numerous improvements to the
manuscript. We thank Shikiko Nakahara for assistance in constructing and
processing the various data sets used in this analysis.
NR 35
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 5
BP 2535
EP 2546
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20173
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224TZ
UT WOS:000324913700020
ER
PT J
AU Wada, A
Cronin, MF
Sutton, AJ
Kawai, Y
Ishii, M
AF Wada, Akiyoshi
Cronin, Meghan F.
Sutton, Adrienne J.
Kawai, Yoshimi
Ishii, Masao
TI Numerical simulations of oceanic pCO(2) variations and interactions
between Typhoon Choi-wan (0914) and the ocean
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE typhoon-ocean interaction; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model; carbon
dioxide outgassing; buoy observation; surface roughness length
ID RESOLUTION COUPLED MODEL; TROPICAL CYCLONE; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; SEA;
INTENSITY; CO2; HURRICANE; EXCHANGE; TRACK; STORM
AB On 19 September 2009, Typhoon Choi-wan passed similar to 40 km to the southeast of the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) surface mooring, located at 32.3 degrees N, 144.5 degrees E. We use an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model that incorporated an oceanic carbon equilibrium model to investigate the typhoon-induced CO2 outgassing observed by the KEO mooring. KEO data are used to provide atmospheric surface boundary conditions for partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)(air)) and to validate the numerical results. The model simulated the observed sea-level pressure variations reasonably well, although the simulated-typhoon translation was 3 h slower than the estimated best track. The simulation resulted in lower than observed sea-surface temperature (SST), sea-surface salinity (SSS), and partial pressure of surface ocean CO2 (pCO(2)(sea)). Better agreement was found with the grid point south of the buoy that corresponded roughly to the buoy location in the simulated-typhoon reference frame. In situ observations show CO2 outgassing during the Choi-wan's passage. Forty percent of observed outgassing was explained by decreasing pCO(2)(air) (similar to 20 mu atm), and thus, the remainder (similar to 30 mu atm) must be explained by increasing pCO(2)(sea). The model simulated only one third of the increase in observed surface pCO(2)(sea) variation (similar to 9.6 mu atm), suggesting that not only SST but also high salinity and dissolved inorganic carbon caused by vertical turbulent mixing and horizontal advection are important in simulating surface pCO(2)(sea) variation. The simulations also reveal that surface roughness length affects surface wind asymmetry during the passage and variation in SSS and pCO(2)(sea) (similar to 1 mu atm) after the passage.
C1 [Wada, Akiyoshi; Ishii, Masao] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
[Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Kawai, Yoshimi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
RP Wada, A (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
EM awada@mri-jma.go.jp
RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015
OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [22540454];
Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
(MEXT) KAKENHI [23106505]
FX The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for comments that
helped to improve this manuscript. The authors thank N. Usui for
providing oceanic reanalysis data and helpful comments. A.W. was
supported by fund from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(JSPS) KAKENHI grant 22540454 and by the Japanese Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) KAKENHI grant 23106505.
The Generic Mapping Tools (http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/) was used to
draw figures.
NR 51
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 5
BP 2667
EP 2684
DI 10.1002/jgrc.20203
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 224TZ
UT WOS:000324913700029
ER
PT J
AU Sun, YY
Matsuo, T
Araujo-Pradere, EA
Liu, JY
AF Sun, Yang-Yi
Matsuo, Tomoko
Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.
Liu, Jann-Yenq
TI Ground-based GPS observation of SED-associated irregularities over CONUS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE irregularity; SED; TEC gradient; nonstationary covariance; data
assimilation
ID L1 AMPLITUDE SCINTILLATIONS; TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS;
GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; 1ST OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC STORM; MIDLATITUDES;
LATITUDES; SATELLITE; MIDDLE
AB It has been known that steep total electron content (TEC) gradients observed at the boundary between the storm-enhanced plasma density (SED) and the low TEC region at subauroral and midlatitude regions are associated with ionospheric irregularities that impact communication and navigation systems. However, the relationship between the SED-associated irregularities and TEC gradients is still not well understood, partly because of the difficulties of resolving small-scale TEC gradients from sparsely distributed TEC observations. In this study, we examine the relationship between the SED-associated irregularities and TEC gradients during the intense geomagnetic storms of 31 March 2001 and 30 October 2003. To explore this relationship, TEC maps over the continental United States (CONUS) were constructed from ground-based GPS TEC observations, using Kalman filter update formulae with a recently developed nonstationary wavelet-based covariance model that enables resolution of TEC structures on both large and finer scales. Our results show that intense TEC gradients and ion drifts are thought to be required conditions for the formation of irregularities on the northeast side of the SED. Additionally, our methodology identified the narrow east-west stretch of TEC enhancement within the midlatitude low TEC region on 30 October 2003, and this TEC enhancement is most likely to be caused by auroral precipitation.
C1 [Sun, Yang-Yi; Matsuo, Tomoko; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sun, Yang-Yi; Matsuo, Tomoko; Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Sun, Yang-Yi; Liu, Jann-Yenq] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
RP Liu, JY (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
EM tigerjyliu@gmail.com
RI Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015
FU NASA [X09AJ83G]; NSF [1025089]; Taiwan National Science Council [NSC
101-2628-M-008-003]
FX This study was partially supported by the NASA award X09AJ83G and the
NSF award 1025089, and the Taiwan National Science Council grant, NSC
101-2628-M-008-003. The authors gratefully acknowledge the International
GNSS Service for providing GPS data, MIT Haystack Observatory
Atmospheric Sciences Group for the Millstone Hill ISR incoherent scatter
radar data, and the Center for Space Sciences at the University of Texas
at Dallas and the U. S. Air Force for DMSP data.
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 118
IS 5
BP 2478
EP 2489
DI 10.1029/2012JA018103
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 228UF
UT WOS:000325215800056
ER
PT J
AU Greene, CH
Meyer-Gutbrod, E
Monger, BC
McGarry, LP
Pershing, AJ
Belkin, IM
Fratantoni, PS
Mountain, DG
Pickart, RS
Proshutinsky, A
Ji, RB
Bisagni, JJ
Hakkinen, SMA
Haidvogel, DB
Wang, J
Head, E
Smith, P
Reid, PC
Conversi, A
AF Greene, Charles H.
Meyer-Gutbrod, Erin
Monger, Bruce C.
McGarry, Louise P.
Pershing, Andrew J.
Belkin, Igor M.
Fratantoni, Paula S.
Mountain, David G.
Pickart, Robert S.
Proshutinsky, Andrey
Ji, Rubao
Bisagni, James J.
Hakkinen, Sirpa M. A.
Haidvogel, Dale B.
Wang, Jia
Head, Erica
Smith, Peter
Reid, Philip C.
Conversi, Alessandra
TI Remote climate forcing of decadal-scale regime shifts in Northwest
Atlantic shelf ecosystems
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS POPULATIONS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MAINE;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ARCTIC CLIMATE; SCOTIAN
SHELF; RIGHT WHALES; BARENTS SEA; OSCILLATION
AB Decadal-scale regime shifts in Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems can be remotely forced by climate-associated atmosphere-ocean interactions in the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean Basins. This remote climate forcing is mediated primarily by basin- and hemispheric-scale changes in ocean circulation. We review and synthesize results from process-oriented field studies and retrospective analyses of time-series data to document the linkages between climate, ocean circulation, and ecosystem dynamics. Bottom-up forcing associated with climate plays a prominent role in the dynamics of these ecosystems, comparable in importance to that of top-down forcing associated with commercial fishing. A broad perspective, one encompassing the effects of basin-and hemispheric-scale climate processes on marine ecosystems, will be critical to the sustainable management of marine living resources in the Northwest Atlantic.
C1 [Greene, Charles H.; Meyer-Gutbrod, Erin; Monger, Bruce C.; McGarry, Louise P.] Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Meyer-Gutbrod, Erin] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA.
[Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA.
[Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Fratantoni, Paula S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Pickart, Robert S.; Proshutinsky, Andrey] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Bisagni, James J.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA.
[Hakkinen, Sirpa M. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Haidvogel, Dale B.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Head, Erica; Smith, Peter] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
[Reid, Philip C.; Conversi, Alessandra] Sir Alister Hardy Fdn Ocean Sci, Plymouth, Devon, England.
[Conversi, Alessandra] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Marine Sci, La Spezia, Italy.
[Conversi, Alessandra] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.
RP Greene, CH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM chg2@cornell.edu
RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015; Conversi,
Alessandra/G-3899-2011
OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427; Conversi,
Alessandra/0000-0002-8566-8282
FU National Science Foundation, Regional and Pan-Regional Synthesis Phases
of the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem (GLOBEC) Program
FX We thank the Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Cornell University's
Shoals Marine Laboratory, and the University of Washington's Friday
Harbor Laboratories (FHL) for hosting the research workshops at which
the ideas in this paper were developed. C.H.G. thanks FHL for hosting
him as a Whiteley Center Scholar during the preparation of this
manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the National
Science Foundation as part of the Regional and Pan-Regional Synthesis
Phases of the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem (GLOBEC) Program.
NR 105
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 6
U2 46
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0024-3590
EI 1939-5590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 58
IS 3
BP 803
EP 816
DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.3.0803
PG 14
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 192NG
UT WOS:000322491100004
ER
PT J
AU Banerjee, DK
AF Banerjee, Dilip K.
TI A sensitivity study on the fire-induced heating of concrete slabs in
composite floor systems
SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Finite element model; heat transfer model; sensitivity study; design of
experiments; factorial design; fire test; composite floor system
AB The fire resistance of composite floor systems depends on the interaction of the concrete slab with steel beams. To evaluate the fire resistance of composite floor systems, the temporal and spatial variations of temperatures must be accurately determined. The temperature profiles in a concrete section are a function of concrete thermophysical properties and boundary conditions. However, there can be considerable uncertainty in their values. A sensitivity study using an orthogonal full-factorial design approach was conducted to determine which of these parameters most significantly influenced the thermal response of the slab. The time-temperature data from a Cardington fire test were used to validate a heat transfer model of a representative section of the composite floor system. The orthogonal factorial design analysis indicated that the thermal behavior of the concrete slab is most sensitive to, in decreasing order, thermal conductivity, effective emissivity, convective heat transfer coefficient at the exposed surface, and enthalpy.
C1 NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Banerjee, DK (reprint author), NIST, Struct Grp, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Dilip.Banerjee@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0734-9041
J9 J FIRE SCI
JI J. Fire Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 31
IS 3
BP 227
EP 244
DI 10.1177/0734904112463678
PG 18
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 210KJ
UT WOS:000323831300003
ER
PT J
AU Garboczi, EJ
AF Garboczi, Edward J.
TI The computational materials science of concrete: Past, present and
future
SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; SIMULATION; HYDRATION; CEMENT
C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 600 N CLEVELAND AVE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43082 USA
SN 0002-7812
J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL
JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 92
IS 4
BP 40
EP 45
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 204UH
UT WOS:000323396000013
ER
PT J
AU Hadler, J
Tobares, E
Dowell, M
AF Hadler, Joshua
Tobares, Edna
Dowell, Marla
TI Random testing reveals excessive power in commercial laser pointers
SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE laser pointer; laser power; laser safety
ID INJURIES
AB In random testing of 122 commercial laser pointers, the authors observed that 90% of green pointers and 44% of red pointers were not in compliance with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), producing laser power in excess of the CFR-allowed limit at one or more laser wavelengths. The measurement results are presented and the authors describe the inexpensive test bed they used. Also, they suggest physical mechanisms that could account for the hazardous levels of laser pointer emissions. (C) 2013 Laser Institute of America.
C1 [Hadler, Joshua; Dowell, Marla] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Tobares, Edna] NIST, Off Safety Hlth & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hadler, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1042-346X
J9 J LASER APPL
JI J. Laser Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 25
IS 3
AR UNSP 032007
DI 10.2351/1.4798455
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA 193CT
UT WOS:000322535700008
ER
PT J
AU Fortin, TJ
Bruno, TJ
AF Fortin, Tara J.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Assessment of the Thermophysical Properties of Thermally Stressed RP-1
and RP-2
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; DISTILLATION CURVES; HYDROCARBON FUELS;
N-DODECANE; IMPROVEMENTS; VARIABILITY; STABILITY; DENSITY; SPEED; SOUND
AB Density, speed of sound, and viscosity have been measured for samples of RP-1 and RP-2 that were stressed for 0.5 min at 475 and 510 degrees C at a pressure of 17 MPa. Density and speed of sound were measured from 5 to 50 degrees C for samples stressed at 475 degrees C and from 5 to 35 degrees C for samples stressed at 510 degrees C. Viscosity was measured from -10 to 50 and 35 degrees C for the samples stressed at 475 and 510 degrees C, respectively. All measurements were made at ambient atmospheric pressure (similar to 83 kPa). Additionally, the density and sound speed data were used to derive adiabatic compressibilities, and those results have also been included. Current results for the thermally stressed samples were compared to previously reported measurement results for unstressed RP-1 and RP-2. For all reported properties, increased thermal stressing resulted in increased fuel decomposition and increased deviations from unstressed values.
C1 [Fortin, Tara J.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fortin, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway MS 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tfortin@boulder.nist.gov
FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F1SBAA0138G001]
FX Financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR
F1SBAA0138G001) is gratefully acknowledged. Contribution of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology. Not subject to Copyright in the
U.S.A.
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 27
IS 5
BP 2506
EP 2514
DI 10.1021/ef400193d
PG 9
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 171FP
UT WOS:000320910800016
ER
PT J
AU Gu, DZ
Randa, J
Billinger, R
Walker, DK
AF Gu, Dazhen
Randa, James
Billinger, Robert
Walker, David K.
TI Measurement and uncertainty analysis of a cryogenic low-noise amplifier
with noise temperature below 2K
SO RADIO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE low noise amplifier; measurement; uncertainty analysis
ID POWER
AB We report measurements and uncertainty analysis on a cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a very low noise temperature (NT), among the lowest noise performances reported at microwave frequencies. The LNA consists of three stages of InP high electron mobility transistors with a gate length of 130nm. It exhibits about 44dB gain and less than 2K average NT in the operational band of 4GHz to 8GHz. A detailed uncertainty analysis is outlined to evaluate a variety of error sources in the measurement. The calculated uncertainty shows as low as 0.1dB on the measured gain of about 44dB and 0.18K on the measured NT of 1.65K, indicating excellent measurement accuracy. A breakdown of the uncertainty components helps identify the major causes of the overall uncertainty and enlightens us about how to further improve accuracy. It is important to know the actual physical temperature of the passive termination that is used as a cryogenic noise source in experiments. Due to its large temperature gradients, the commercial matched load is replaced by a custom-made attenuator that is isothermal and consequently provides reliable NT measurements of the LNA. The precision measurement technique developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is independent from the manufacturers' characterization method. This study marks the first time that such a low NT from a cryogenic LNA is verified independently with such a low uncertainty.
C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Randa, James; Billinger, Robert; Walker, David K.] NIST, Div Elect, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Gu, Dazhen] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), NIST, Div Elect, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov
FU NIST; agency of the U.S. government
FX The work of this publication is supported by NIST, an agency of the U.S.
government, and is not subject to U.S. copyright.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0048-6604
J9 RADIO SCI
JI Radio Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 48
IS 3
BP 344
EP 351
DI 10.1002/rds.20039
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA 183NS
UT WOS:000321823700015
ER
PT J
AU Rakitin, AV
Poberovskii, AV
Timofeev, YM
Makarova, MV
Conway, TJ
AF Rakitin, A. V.
Poberovskii, A. V.
Timofeev, Yu M.
Makarova, M. V.
Conway, T. J.
TI Variations in the column-average dry-air mole fractions of CO2 in the
vicinity of St. Petersburg
SO IZVESTIYA ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric composition; CO2 mixing ratio; Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy
ID KUL-MONITORING-STATION; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC
THICKNESS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; DIOXIDE; MOSCOW
AB The results obtained from ground-based spectroscopic measurements of column-average dry-air mole fractions of CO2 in the atmosphere over the St. Petersburg region are given for the period April 2009-October 2011 (similar to 900 measurement runs, 151 measurement days). These results show significant variations in the CO2 mixing ratio in the atmosphere over the St. Petersburg region. The minimum value of this mixing ratio (373.1 ppm) was observed on April 27, 2011, and its maximum value (420.8 ppm) was observed on February 10, 2010. The typical seasonal behavior of the CO2 mixing ratio with its summer minimum was observed in 2009. In July 2010 and 2011, the values of the CO2 mixing ratio increased apparently due to high air temperatures. In 2010 an additional contribution to this increase in the CO2 mixing ratio could have been made by strong natural fires.
C1 [Rakitin, A. V.; Poberovskii, A. V.; Timofeev, Yu M.; Makarova, M. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Petrodvorets 198504, Russia.
[Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Rakitin, AV (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Ul Ulyanovskaya 1, Petrodvorets 198504, Russia.
EM tim@troll.spbu.ru
RI Makarova, Maria/J-4858-2013; Timofeev, Yuriy/K-1618-2013; Poberovskiy,
Anatoliy/K-1188-2013
OI Makarova, Maria/0000-0003-2469-9250; Timofeev,
Yuriy/0000-0003-2771-9931; Poberovskiy, Anatoliy/0000-0003-0894-4615
FU Federal Target Program "Research and Pedagogical Cadre for Innovative
Russia" [P969, 16.740.11.0048]; St. Petersburg State University
[11.31.547.2010, 11.37.28.2011]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research
[12-05-00596-a]
FX This work was supported by the Federal Target Program "Research and
Pedagogical Cadre for Innovative Russia" (state contract nos. P969 of
May 27, 2010, and 16.740.11.0048), Research Works of St. Petersburg
State University (nos. 11.31.547.2010 and 11.37.28.2011), and the
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 12-05-00596-a).
Investigations were performed by means of instruments of Geo
Enviromental Research Center "Geomodel."
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 6
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 0001-4338
J9 IZV ATMOS OCEAN PHY+
JI Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 49
IS 3
BP 271
EP 275
DI 10.1134/S0001433813030122
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 164KW
UT WOS:000320409000005
ER
PT J
AU Klouda, GA
Filliben, JJ
AF Klouda, George A.
Filliben, James J.
TI Exploring background variability of a low-level (quartz) gas
proportional counter using pulse shape and distribution analysis
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gas proportional counter; Background; Variability; Pulse shape;
Distribution; Normal tolerance limits; Box-Cox transformation
ID EVENTS; SYSTEM; WATER
AB The NIST low-level beta counting system is designed to capture digitally and timestamp each event for retrospective analysis. As a result, low and stable backgrounds are achieved and lead to extremely low detection and quantification limits for measuring, e. g., C-14 of atmospheric gases and aerosol. The objective here is to explore the variability of the background count rate (counts per day) of several small (1 mL) freshly-assembled gas proportional counters (GPCs). The mean is 14.0 day(-1) with 95 % confidence limits 11.2-16.8 day(-1). The raw count per day data was non-normal and so a Log transformation was applied to achieve normality and to rigorously compute normal tolerance limits. Back in the original space such (95 % confidence, 95 % coverage) tolerance limits were 2.5-47.8 day(-1). These limits are taken as acceptance criteria for any GPCs assembled in the future.
C1 [Klouda, George A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Filliben, James J.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Klouda, GA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.klouda@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 296
IS 2
BP 997
EP 1003
DI 10.1007/s10967-012-1969-6
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 162RL
UT WOS:000320282800067
ER
PT J
AU Zeissler, CJ
Forsley, LPG
Lindstrom, RM
Newsome, S
Kirk, A
Mosier-Boss, PA
AF Zeissler, C. J.
Forsley, L. P. G.
Lindstrom, R. M.
Newsome, S.
Kirk, A.
Mosier-Boss, P. A.
TI Radio-microanalytical particle measurements method and application to
Fukushima aerosols collected in Japan
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Activity; Radiocesium; Detection limit; Fukushima; Imaging plate
autoradiography; Particle size distribution
ID RADIATION
AB A nondestructive analytical method based on autoradiography and gamma spectrometry was developed to perform activity distribution analysis for particulate samples. This was applied to aerosols collected in Fukushima Japan, 40 km north of the Daiichi nuclear power plant for a 6 week period beginning shortly after the March 2011 tsunami. For an activity distribution of 990 "hot particles" from a small filter area, the hottest particle was nearly one Bq (137+134) Cs but most of the activity in the filter was produced by particles having <50 mBq each. Cs-134/Cs-137 activity ratios corrected to March 20, 2011 ranged from 0.68 (u(c) = 28 %) to 1.3 (u(c) = 15 %). The average ratio for a large quantity of particles was 0.92 (u(c) = 4 %). Virtually all activity collected was beta and not alpha, suggesting little if any direct fuel debris was present at this site and time. These findings are expected to assist with separate efforts to better understand the emission events, radionuclide transport and potential environmental or biological uptake. The methods should be applicable to general environmental, radiotoxicological and similar studies for which activity distribution and particle chemistry are of importance.
C1 [Zeissler, C. J.; Lindstrom, R. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Forsley, L. P. G.; Kirk, A.] JWK Int Corp, Annandale, VA 22003 USA.
[Newsome, S.] SeaBotix Inc, San Diego, CA 92106 USA.
[Mosier-Boss, P. A.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Zeissler, CJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cynthia.zeissler@nist.gov
OI Forsley, Lawrence/0000-0002-0349-3096
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 296
IS 2
BP 1079
EP 1084
DI 10.1007/s10967-012-2135-x
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 162RL
UT WOS:000320282800080
ER
PT J
AU Riste, D
Bultink, CC
Tiggelman, MJ
Schouten, RN
Lehnert, KW
DiCarlo, L
AF Riste, D.
Bultink, C. C.
Tiggelman, M. J.
Schouten, R. N.
Lehnert, K. W.
DiCarlo, L.
TI Millisecond charge-parity fluctuations and induced decoherence in a
superconducting transmon qubit
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID COOPER-PAIR; TRANSISTOR
AB The tunnelling of quasiparticles across Josephson junctions in superconducting quantum circuits is an intrinsic decoherence mechanism for qubit degrees of freedom. Understanding the limits imposed by quasiparticle tunnelling on qubit relaxation and dephasing is of theoretical and experimental interest, particularly as improved understanding of extrinsic mechanisms has allowed crossing the 100 microsecond mark in transmon-type charge qubits. Here, by integrating recent developments in high-fidelity qubit readout and feedback control in circuit quantum electrodynamics, we transform a state-of-the-art transmon into its own real-time charge-parity detector. We directly measure the tunnelling of quasiparticles across the single junction and isolate the contribution of this tunnelling to qubit relaxation and dephasing, without reliance on theory. The millisecond timescales measured demonstrate that quasiparticle tunnelling does not presently bottleneck transmon qubit coherence, leaving room for yet another order of magnitude increase.
C1 [Riste, D.; Bultink, C. C.; Tiggelman, M. J.; Schouten, R. N.; DiCarlo, L.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
[Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP DiCarlo, L (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, POB 5046, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
EM l.dicarlo@tudelft.nl
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; Riste, Diego/G-9215-2012; DiCarlo,
Leonardo/F-8714-2010
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649;
FU Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM); Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); EU; DARPA
FX We thank G. Catelani, A. Endo, F. Hassler, G. de Lange, J. M. Martinis,
O. -P. Saira, L. M. K. Vandersypen, P. J. de Visser and the Yale cQED
team for discussions. We acknowledge funding from the Dutch Organization
for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the Netherlands Organization
for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI scheme), the EU FP7 project SOLID and
the DARPA QuEST program.
NR 33
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U1 0
U2 22
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 4
AR 1913
DI 10.1038/ncomms2936
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 166WI
UT WOS:000320589900109
PM 23715272
ER
PT J
AU Munir, S
Naz, T
Burhan, ZUN
Siddiqui, PJA
Morton, SL
AF Munir, Sonia
Naz, Tahira
Burhan, Zaib-Un-Nisa
Siddiqui, P. J. A.
Morton, Steve L.
TI SEASONAL ABUNDANCE, BIOVOLUME AND GROWTH RATE OF THE HETEROTROPHIC
DINOFLAGELLATE (NOCTILUCA SCINTILLANS) FROM COASTAL WATERS OF PAKISTAN
SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
ID RED TIDE; HONG-KONG; SEA; MACARTNEY; BLOOMS; EUTROPHICATION; MICROALGAE;
DYNAMICS; BIOMASS
AB The seasonal variation of Noctiluca scintillans was investigated from coastal areas of Karachi (Manora Channel), Pakistan. Total cell abundance ranged between < 100 cells l(-1) to 1340 cells l(-1) during the sampling period May 2002-July 2003. High cells densities were recorded during May 2003. No green or red water discolouration was observed. Cell size biovolume ranging between 100 mu m-600 mu m was used to convert to carbon biomass 4.5-6.8 pg C cell-l. Greatest Insitu growth rate of N. scintillans (mu day(-1)) during 2006 was calculated at 0.82 mu day(-1)
C1 [Munir, Sonia; Naz, Tahira; Burhan, Zaib-Un-Nisa; Siddiqui, P. J. A.] Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
[Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Munir, S (reprint author), Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
EM soniaku2003@yahoo.com
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 11
PU PAKISTAN BOTANICAL SOC
PI KARACHI
PA DEPT OF BOTANY UNIV KARACHI, 32 KARACHI, PAKISTAN
SN 0556-3321
J9 PAK J BOT
JI Pak. J. Bot.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 45
IS 3
BP 1109
EP 1113
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 162ZR
UT WOS:000320305400055
ER
PT J
AU MacDonald, BD
Madrak, SV
Lewison, RL
Seminoff, JA
Eguchi, T
AF MacDonald, Bradley D.
Madrak, Sheila V.
Lewison, Rebecca L.
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Eguchi, Tomoharu
TI Fine scale diel movement of the east Pacific green turtle, Chelonia
mydas, in a highly urbanized foraging environment
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustic telemetry; Coastal management; Conservation; Power plant; Sea
turtle; Spatial ecology
ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS;
GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HOME-RANGE; FLORIDA MANATEES; SEA-TURTLES;
ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; TRACKING
AB Protection of endangered species requires an understanding of their spatial ecology in relation to human activities. Recent improvements in monitoring technologies, such as automated acoustic telemetry, have enabled the collection of these data for mobile marine organisms such as sea turtles. The east Pacific green sea turtle Chelonia mydas uses San Diego Bay, CA, a heavily developed ecosystem, as a year-round foraging ground. We Used a combination of manual and automated acoustic telemetry from 2009 to 2011 to elucidate the distribution of green turtles throughout South San Diego Bay and to understand their diel behavior. Tracked turtles (n = 20) ranged in size from 54.9 to 102.5 cm straight carapace length and had fidelity to two sites: the warm-water effluent channel of a waterfront power plant and an eelgrass meadow. Turtles tracked manually during the night were more sedentary (mean swimming speed SE +/- 0.38 +/- 0.03 km h(-1)) and generally restricted their activity to waters near the power plant. During the day, turtles swam at higher speeds (0.67 +/- 0.07 km h(-1)) and were mainly found in eelgrass meadows where they are known to forage. Turtles were occasionally found near a shipping terminal, which occurred almost exclusively during the daytime. Turtles in areas of increased boat traffic are at risk of vessel strikes, and future monitoring should investigate the potential for turtle-human interactions in other heavily-used areas of San Diego Bay. Future monitoring should also characterize how turtle behavior may change following the decommissioning of the power plant, which occurred six months before the end of this study. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [MacDonald, Bradley D.; Madrak, Sheila V.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[MacDonald, Bradley D.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Eguchi, Tomoharu] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP MacDonald, BD (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM bradley.macdonald@gmail.com
OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926
FU Unified Port of San Diego; NOM Southwest Fisheries Science Center;
COAST; Sonotronics Inc.; South Bay Power Plant LLC; San Diego State
University Department of Biology
FX Financial and logistical support was generously provided by the Unified
Port of San Diego, the NOM Southwest Fisheries Science Center, COAST,
Sonotronics Inc., South Bay Power Plant LLC, and the San Diego State
University Department of Biology. We thank the following individuals for
their tremendous support in the field: J. Brower, S. Coates, A. Gaos, T.
Grimes, D. Ho, C. Jackson, G. Lemons, N. Magana, D. Mahoney, R. Moens,
D. Prosperi, C. Turner, and the entire NOAA-NMFS team that assisted with
turtle capture. We additionally thank G. Hays, J. Okuyama, C.
Turner-Tomaszewicz, and one anonymous reviewer for the insightful
comments to improve this manuscript. Our gratitude is also extended to R
LeRoux for the invaluable assistance in sonic transmitter attachment
permitting, and coordination of turtle capture. All research and animal
handling were carried out under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit
#1591 and was in compliance with IACUC protocol at San Diego State
University. This is Contribution No. 23 of the Coastal and Marine
Institute Laboratory, San Diego State University. [SS]
NR 51
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U1 5
U2 61
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
EI 1879-1697
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 443
BP 56
EP 64
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.033
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 164QX
UT WOS:000320425700008
ER
PT J
AU Coggins, LG
Gwinn, DC
Allen, MS
AF Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.
Gwinn, Daniel C.
Allen, Micheal S.
TI Evaluation of Age-Length Key Sample Sizes Required to Estimate Fish
Total Mortality and Growth
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RED GROUPER; AGING ERROR; MEAN LENGTH; PARAMETERS; BIAS; DISTRIBUTIONS;
STRATEGIES; YIELD
AB Fisheries assessments often rely on age composition data to infer information about growth, mortality, and the outcome of various management policies. To reduce the costs of estimating the age of all fish collected (i.e., via direct aging), an age-length key (ALK) is often developed by directly aging only a subsample of fish and estimating the ages of the remaining fish based on observed lengths. Although this approach is common, there is little guidance in the literature for determining the appropriate total sample size and numbers of fish needed to directly age for each length bin. We developed a stochastic simulation to evaluate the sample-size requirement for using ALKs to estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters and the instantaneous rate of total mortality (Z). The simulations accounted for variation in life history characteristics of stocks and exploitation rates of fisheries. Our simulations suggested that for overfished populations, aging more fish per bin provides negligible benefits whereas collecting larger total sample sizes could improve bias and precision of Z estimates. These results also indicated that bias and precision was relatively uninfluenced by fish life history type, which may allow for standardization of field collection methods across a wide range of fish species. In most cases, total sample sizes of 500-1,000 and 10 fish aged per bin provided near optimal performance in accuracy and precision, suggesting that this could be a guideline for many studies. Received August 21, 2012; accepted January 14, 2013
C1 [Coggins, Lewis G., Jr.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Gwinn, Daniel C.; Allen, Micheal S.] Univ Florida, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
RP Coggins, LG (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM lew.coggins@noaa.gov
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 22
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD MAY 1
PY 2013
VL 142
IS 3
BP 832
EP 840
DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.768550
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 167OV
UT WOS:000320642200023
ER
PT J
AU Schofield, G
Scott, R
Dimadi, A
Fossette, S
Katselidis, KA
Koutsoubas, D
Lilley, MKS
Pantis, JD
Karagouni, AD
Hays, GC
AF Schofield, Gail
Scott, Rebecca
Dimadi, Alexandra
Fossette, Sabrina
Katselidis, Kostas A.
Koutsoubas, Drosos
Lilley, Martin K. S.
Pantis, John D.
Karagouni, Amalia D.
Hays, Graeme C.
TI Evidence-based marine protected area planning for a highly mobile
endangered marine vertebrate
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Decision support; Ecology; Natural resource management; Phenology;
Policy; Systematic conservation planning; Sea turtle
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; HOME-RANGE SIZE; SEA-TURTLES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY;
GREEN TURTLES; TRACKING DATA; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DESIGN; RESERVES
AB Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) now form an important part of marine conservation and fisheries management; hence, there is broad interest in developing procedures that optimize their design. We used data collected over a 10-year period (2003-2012) from direct surveys and >100 adult male and female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) tracked with devices, including GPS loggers and Fastloc GPS-Argos, to consider the optimum design for a MPA at a globally important breeding area, where there is already an existing national marine park aiming to protect the population (Zakynthos, Greece). Turtles primarily used areas very close to shore (approx. 7 km in length by 1 km in width, within the <10 m iso-bath) for breeding and foraging activity at different times of the year. We calculated that this small near-shore coastal zone encompassed 72% of all turtle GPS locations recorded in the MPA, and is therefore important for conservation management. We developed an index to evaluate the suitability of the existing and proposed conservation zones based on (1) home range area use by turtles in these zones versus (2) zone size, so that the benefit to turtles could be maximized while minimizing the negative impacts to other stakeholders (e.g., boat operators). With this evidence-based approach, we propose a modification to the existing MPA that might both enhance local economic tourism activities and better safeguard this key sea turtle breeding population. The approaches used here will have general application for the design of MPAs used by mobile species that can be tracked. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Schofield, Gail; Scott, Rebecca; Fossette, Sabrina; Lilley, Martin K. S.; Hays, Graeme C.] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
[Scott, Rebecca] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Dept Evolutionary Ecol Marine Fishes, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
[Dimadi, Alexandra; Katselidis, Kostas A.; Koutsoubas, Drosos] Natl Marine Pk Zakynthos, Zakynthos 29100, Greece.
[Fossette, Sabrina] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Katselidis, Kostas A.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Environm & Natl Resources Management, GR-30100 Agrinion, Greece.
[Koutsoubas, Drosos] Univ Aegean, Dept Marine Sci, Mitilini 81100, Greece.
[Lilley, Martin K. S.] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterraneen Inst Oceanograph, F-13288 Marseille 9, France.
[Pantis, John D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Dept Ecol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.
[Karagouni, Amalia D.] Univ Athens, Microbiol Grp, Fac Biol, Dept Bot, Athens 15781, Greece.
[Hays, Graeme C.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warmambool, Vic 3280, Australia.
RP Schofield, G (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
EM g.schof@gmail.com
RI Katselidis, Kostas/G-3204-2013; Lilley, Martin/D-7482-2011; Scott,
Rebecca/G-3529-2015;
OI Lilley, Martin/0000-0002-5870-3898; Scott, Rebecca/0000-0001-5889-5597;
Katselidis, Kostas/0000-0001-9845-7444; Schofield,
Gail/0000-0002-8438-4181
FU AXA Research Fund; Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund; British Chelonia Group;
Peoples' Trust for Endangered Species; Project Aware; Thermadap; Swansea
University; Climate Change Consortium for Wales (C3W)
FX The authors thank the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (NMPZ) for the
permission to conduct this research, and the sponsors of the Management
Agent termed "Caretta's Odesssy" in 2008-2010 for the attachment of 25
transmitters. The 65 Swansea University GPS transmitters, GPS loggers
and dataloggers attached from 2006 to 2012, were financed by the AXA
Research Fund (awarded to S.F.), Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund, British
Chelonia Group, Peoples' Trust for Endangered Species, Project Aware,
and Thermadap (awarded to G.S.), and Swansea University. Additional
support was received from the Climate Change Consortium for Wales (C3W).
We thank the many people who provided assistance on the nesting beaches
and with in-water capture, including the NMPZ coastguards and Archelon
personnel, in addition to the NMPZ manager, Laurent Sourbes, for ongoing
efforts to implement the proposed ecotourism zone with the professional
wildlife watching boat owners. We acknowledge use of the Maptool program
(http://www.seaturtle.org). G.S. and G.C.H. conceived the study; G.S.,
S.F., M.K.S.L., and R.S. conducted the fieldwork; G.S. and K.A.K.
compiled the data; G.S. and G.C.H. led the data analyses and
interpretation with contributions from all authors; R.S. conducted the
GIS analysis; G.S. wrote the paper with contributions from all authors.
NR 73
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 9
U2 115
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
EI 1873-2917
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 161
BP 101
EP 109
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.004
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 164NY
UT WOS:000320418000011
ER
PT J
AU Bjorge, A
Skern-Mauritzen, M
Rossrnan, MC
AF Bjorge, Arne
Skern-Mauritzen, Mette
Rossrnan, Marjorie C.
TI Estimated bycatch of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in two coastal
gillnet fisheries in Norway, 2006-2008. Mitigation and implications for
conservation
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Harbour porpoise; Bycatch; General additive models; Coastal gillnet
fisheries; Mitigation
ID MORTALITY; CETACEANS; PINGERS; SEA; US
AB Using data collected during 2006-2008 from a monitored segment (18 vessels) of the Norwegian coastal fleet (vessels <15 m) of gillnetters targeting monkfish and cod, we used general additive models (GAMs) to derive bycatch rates of harbour porpoise. These bycatch rates were then applied to fishery catch data on the target species to estimate the total number of porpoise taken by the coastal gillnet fisheries. The two best models estimated bycatches of 20,719 and 20,989 porpoises during 2006-2008, with CVs 36% and 27%, respectively. Thus, about 6900 harbour porpoises are taken annually in the coastal monkfish and cod gillnet fisheries. Although no abundance estimate is available for the coastal harbour porpoise population, this annual bycatch is likely not sustainable according to the management objectives defined by ASCOBANS. In the cod gillnet fishery, harbour porpoise bycatch rates decreased rapidly with increasing depth to 50 m and then levelled off. In the monkfish gillnet fishery, bycatch rates decreased linearly with increasing depth throughout the depth range fished. To reduce harbour porpoise bycatches, we recommend that large mesh nets associated with the monkfish fishery to be prohibited at depths less than 50 m. We also recommend to conduct experiments using Acoustic Deterrent Devices (ADDS or 'pingers') on nets set deeper than 50 m. If these devices prove successful in reducing porpoise bycatch, we propose that ADDs should be implemented in the Norwegian coastal gillnet fisheries for cod and monkfish. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bjorge, Arne] Inst Marine Res, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
[Skern-Mauritzen, Mette] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
[Rossrnan, Marjorie C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Bjorge, A (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
EM arne.bjorge@imr.no; mette.mauritzen@imr.no; marjorie.rossman@noaa.gov
FU Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs
FX This study was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal
Affairs, and the activities described will continue as an ongoing
bycatch monitoring programme. We very much appreciate the collaborations
with the fishers onboard the contracted vessels in the coastal reference
fleet. Their knowledge and data were indispensable for estimating
bycatch rates in their respective fisheries. Thank you also to the
Directorate of Fisheries for providing landing statistics of target
species to extrapolate bycatches to the entire cod and monkfish coastal
gillnet fisheries.
NR 37
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U1 4
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 161
BP 164
EP 173
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.009
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 164NY
UT WOS:000320418000017
ER
PT J
AU Besson, J
McCowan, CN
Drexler, ES
AF Besson, J.
McCowan, C. N.
Drexler, E. S.
TI Modeling flat to slant fracture transition using the computational cell
methodology
SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ductile rupture; CTOA specimen; Slant fracture; X100 steel
ID DUCTILE CRACK-GROWTH; CUP-CONE FRACTURE; VOID NUCLEATION;
PIPELINE-STEEL; FINITE STRAIN; THIN SHEETS; 2 GRADES; SIMULATION;
RUPTURE; SCALE
AB Macroscopic mode I ductile crack propagation in metallic sheets or plates often starts in mode I as a flat triangle (coplanar with the precrack) whose normal corresponds to the loading direction. After some limited extension, the crack becomes slanted and propagates under local mixed mode I/III. Modeling and understanding this phenomenon is challenging. In this work, the "computational cell" methodology proposed in [1], which uses a predefined crack path, is used to study flat to slant fracture transition. The energy dissipation rate is studied as a function of the assumed crack tilt angle. It is shown that a minimum is always reached for an angle equal to 45 degrees. This correlates well with the variation of the crack tip opening angle (CTOA) or the mean plastic deformation along the crack path. Stress and strain states in the stable tearing region hardly depend on the assumed tilt angle. A parametric study shows that flat to slant fracture transition is less likely to occur in materials having high work hardening and favored if additional damage is caused by the local stress/strain state (plane strain, low Lode parameter) in the stable tearing region. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Besson, J.] Mines Paristech, Ctr Mat, CNRS, UMR 7633, F-91003 Evry, France.
[McCowan, C. N.; Drexler, E. S.] NIST, Mat Reliabil Div 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Besson, J (reprint author), Mines Paristech, Ctr Mat, CNRS, UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
EM jacques.besson@mines-paristech.fr
RI Besson, Jacques/A-4144-2008
OI Besson, Jacques/0000-0003-1975-2408
FU industry chair "Durability of materials and structures for energy"; EDF;
GDF-SUEZ/GRT Gaz at Mines ParisTech; Ponts ParisTech
FX The work by JB was supported by the industry chair "Durability of
materials and structures for energy" supported by EDF and GDF-SUEZ/GRT
Gaz at Mines ParisTech and Ponts ParisTech.
NR 47
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 20
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-7944
EI 1873-7315
J9 ENG FRACT MECH
JI Eng. Fract. Mech.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 104
BP 80
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.02.032
PG 16
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA 159UP
UT WOS:000320073100006
ER
PT J
AU Pang, XY
Bentz, DP
Meyer, C
Funkhouser, GP
Darbe, R
AF Pang, Xueyu
Bentz, Dale P.
Meyer, Christian
Funkhouser, Gary P.
Darbe, Robert
TI A comparison study of Portland cement hydration kinetics as measured by
chemical shrinkage and isothermal calorimetry
SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cement hydration; Kinetics; Chemical shrinkage; Heat of hydration;
Isothermal calorimetry; Oilwell cement
ID NONEVAPORABLE WATER; EARLY-AGE; PART I; TEMPERATURE; FINENESS; PASTES;
MODELS
AB Two different methods of evaluating cement hydration kinetics, namely chemical shrinkage and isothermal calorimetry tests, are used to investigate the early stage hydration of different classes of oilwell cement at various temperatures. For a given cement paste, the hydration kinetics curves measured by the two methods are proportional to each other at the same curing temperature. The ratio of heat of hydration to chemical shrinkage for different cements used in this study ranges from 7500 J/mL to 8000 J/mL at 25 degrees C and increases almost linearly with increasing curing temperature at a rate that varies only slightly with cement composition (approximately 58 J/mL per degrees C). A previously proposed scale factor model for simulating the effect of curing temperature and pressure on cement hydration kinetics is further validated in this study for its temperature aspect. The model is shown to be particularly helpful in correcting for slight temperature errors in the experiments. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pang, Xueyu; Funkhouser, Gary P.; Darbe, Robert] Halliburton, Houston, TX 77032 USA.
[Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Meyer, Christian] Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Pang, XY (reprint author), Halliburton, 3000 N Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, TX 77032 USA.
EM Xueyu.Pang@halliburton.com
NR 34
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0958-9465
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP
JI Cem. Concr. Compos.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 39
BP 23
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.007
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 159ZS
UT WOS:000320086400004
ER
PT J
AU Hemer, MA
Fan, YL
Mori, N
Semedo, A
Wang, XLL
AF Hemer, Mark A.
Fan, Yalin
Mori, Nobuhito
Semedo, Alvaro
Wang, Xiaolan L.
TI Projected changes in wave climate from a multi-model ensemble
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIABILITY; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; ERA
AB Future changes in wind-wave climate have broad implications for the operation and design of coastal, near-and off-shore industries and ecosystems, and may further exacerbate the anticipated vulnerabilities of coastal regions to projected sea-level rise(1,2). However, wind waves have received little attention in global assessments of projected future climate change. We present results from the first community-derived multi-model ensemble of wave-climate projections. We find an agreed projected decrease in annual mean significant wave height (H-S) over 25.8% of the global ocean area. The area of projected decrease is greater during boreal winter (January-March, mean; 38.5% of the global ocean area) than austral winter (July-September, mean; 8.4%). A projected increase in annual mean H-S is found over 7.1% of the global ocean, predominantly in the Southern Ocean, which is greater during austral winter (July-September; 8.8%). Increased Southern Ocean wave activity influences a larger proportion of the global ocean as swell propagates northwards into the other ocean basins, observed as an increase in annual mean wave period (T-M) over 30.2% of the global ocean and associated rotation of the annual mean wave direction (theta(M)). The multi-model ensemble is too limited to systematically sample total uncertainty associated with wave-climate projections. However, variance of wave-climate projections associated with study methodology dominates other sources of uncertainty (for example, climate scenario and model uncertainties).
C1 [Hemer, Mark A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Hemer, Mark A.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08536 USA.
[Mori, Nobuhito] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
[Semedo, Alvaro] CINAV, Escola Naval, P-2810001 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Semedo, Alvaro] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Wang, Xiaolan L.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
RP Hemer, MA (reprint author), CSIRO Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM mark.hemer@csiro.au
RI Hemer, Mark/M-1905-2013; Semedo, Alvaro/B-1615-2016; Mori,
Nobuhito/B-8627-2008;
OI Hemer, Mark/0000-0002-7725-3474; Semedo, Alvaro/0000-0003-1016-5223;
Mori, Nobuhito/0000-0001-9082-3235; Semedo, Alvaro/0000-0002-2434-8517
FU Australian Climate Change Science Programme; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans
National Research Flagship
FX The study was conceived as part of the COWCLIP (ref. 4) project, an
international collaborative working group endorsed by the World Climate
Research Program and the Joint Commission on Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology of the World Meteorological Organization and the UNESCO
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. We acknowledge the European
Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting for the reanalysis data, and
the climate modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis
and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled
Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3
multi-model data set. Support of the CMIP3 data set is provided by the
Office of Science, US Department of Energy. M.A.H. acknowledges the
support of the Australian Climate Change Science Programme and the CSIRO
Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship. We thank all contributors
to the COWCLIP project including Arno Behrens (Helmoholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Germany), Lennart Bengtsson (Univ. Reading, UK), Heinz
Gunther (HZG), Isaac Held (GFDL, USA), Jack Katzfey (CSIRO, Australia),
Shian-Jiann Lin (GFDL), Hajime Mase (Kyoto University), Yuichiro Oku
(KU), Andreas Sterl (KNMI, The Netherlands), Val Swail (Env. Canada),
Tracey Tom (KU), Claire Trenham (CSIRO, Australia), Ralf Weisse (HZG)
and Tomohiro Yasuda (KU). We also thank J. Church for comments on an
earlier version of the manuscript.
NR 27
TC 99
Z9 99
U1 6
U2 44
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 5
BP 471
EP 476
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1791
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 150PA
UT WOS:000319402000012
ER
PT J
AU van Hooidonk, R
Maynard, JA
Planes, S
AF van Hooidonk, R.
Maynard, J. A.
Planes, S.
TI Temporary refugia for coral reefs in a warming world
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLEACHING PREDICTIONS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ADAPTATION;
SCENARIOS; MORTALITY; FUTURE; IMPACT
AB Climate-change impacts on coral reefs are expected to include temperature-induced spatially extensive bleaching events(1). Bleaching causes mortality when temperature stress persists but exposure to bleaching conditions is not expected to be spatially uniform at the regional or global scale(2). Here we show the first maps of global projections of bleaching conditions based on ensembles of IPCC AR5 (ref. 3) models forced with the new Representative Concentration Pathways(4) (RCPs). For the three RCPs with larger CO2 emissions (RCP 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5) the onset of annual bleaching conditions is associated with similar to 510 ppm CO2 equivalent; the median year of all locations is 2040 for the fossil-fuel aggressive RCP 8.5. Spatial patterns in the onset of annual bleaching conditions are similar for each of the RCPs. For RCP 8.5, 26% of reef cells are projected to experience annual bleaching conditions more than 5 years later than the median. Some of these temporary refugia include the western Indian Ocean, Thailand, the southern Great Barrier Reef and central French Polynesia. A reduction in the growth of greenhouse-gas emissions corresponding to the difference between RCP 8.5 and 6.0 delays annual bleaching in similar to 23% of reef cells more than two decades, which might conceivably increase the potential for these reefs to cope with these changes.
C1 [van Hooidonk, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Maynard, J. A.; Planes, S.] CRIOBE, USR CNRS EPHE 3278, Papetoai 98729, Moorea, Fr Polynesia.
[Maynard, J. A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
RP van Hooidonk, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Ruben.van.Hooidonk@noaa.gov
RI van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010
OI van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233
FU EPHE/CNRS; CRIOBE; IRCP (French Polynesia); Pacific Islands Climate
Change Cooperative; NOAA AOML
FX The community archives housing the data used here are described in the
Methods. This study was partly financially supported by EPHE/CNRS and
CRIOBE and IRCP (French Polynesia) through grants originally awarded to
S. P., and partly financially supported by a grant to all authors from
the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative. This research was
performed while R. v. H. held a National Research Council Research
Associateship Award at NOAA AOML. P. Marshall and K. Anthony provided
helpful comments. We thank M. Huber, Purdue ITAP and RCAC for their
resources and assistance.
NR 29
TC 65
Z9 65
U1 12
U2 130
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 5
BP 508
EP 511
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1829
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 150PA
UT WOS:000319402000019
ER
PT J
AU Arczewska, KD
Tomazella, GG
Lindvall, JM
Kassahun, H
Maglioni, S
Torgovnick, A
Henriksson, J
Matilainen, O
Marquis, BJ
Nelson, BC
Jaruga, P
Babaie, E
Holmberg, CI
Burglin, TR
Ventura, N
Thiede, B
Nilsen, H
AF Arczewska, Katarzyna D.
Tomazella, Gisele G.
Lindvall, Jessica M.
Kassahun, Henok
Maglioni, Silvia
Torgovnick, Alessandro
Henriksson, Johan
Matilainen, Olli
Marquis, Bryce J.
Nelson, Bryant C.
Jaruga, Pawel
Babaie, Eshrat
Holmberg, Carina I.
Burglin, Thomas R.
Ventura, Natascia
Thiede, Bernd
Nilsen, Hilde
TI Active transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in the C-elegans
nucleotide excision repair mutant xpa-1
SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE-STRESS-RESPONSE;
CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DNA-DAMAGE; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; LIFE-SPAN;
BASE DAMAGE; HUMAN-CELLS; LONGEVITY; LESIONS
AB Transcription-blocking oxidative DNA damage is believed to contribute to aging and to underlie activation of oxidative stress responses and down-regulation of insulin-like signaling (ILS) in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) deficient mice. Here, we present the first quantitative proteomic description of the Caenorhabditis elegans NER-defective xpa-1 mutant and compare the proteome and transcriptome signatures. Both methods indicated activation of oxidative stress responses, which was substantiated biochemically by a bioenergetic shift involving increased steady-state reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. We identify the lesion-detection enzymes of Base Excision Repair (NTH-1) and global genome NER (XPC-1 and DDB-1) as upstream requirements for transcriptomic reprogramming as RNA-interference mediated depletion of these enzymes prevented up-regulation of genes over-expressed in the xpa-1 mutant. The transcription factors SKN-1 and SLR-2, but not DAF-16, were identified as effectors of reprogramming. As shown in human XPA cells, the levels of transcription-blocking 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine lesions were reduced in the xpa-1 mutant compared to the wild type. Hence, accumulation of cyclopurines is unlikely to be sufficient for reprogramming. Instead, our data support a model where the lesion-detection enzymes NTH-1, XPC-1 and DDB-1 play active roles to generate a genomic stress signal sufficiently strong to result in transcriptomic reprogramming in the xpa-1 mutant.
C1 [Arczewska, Katarzyna D.; Tomazella, Gisele G.; Kassahun, Henok; Babaie, Eshrat; Thiede, Bernd; Nilsen, Hilde] Univ Oslo, Ctr Biotechnol, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
[Arczewska, Katarzyna D.] Med Ctr Postgrad Educ, Biochem & Mol Biol Dept, PL-01813 Warsaw, Poland.
[Lindvall, Jessica M.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Huddinge Genom Core Facil, SE-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
[Maglioni, Silvia; Torgovnick, Alessandro; Ventura, Natascia] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Biomed & Prevent, Lab Signal Transduct, Rome, Italy.
[Maglioni, Silvia; Torgovnick, Alessandro; Ventura, Natascia] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Clin Chem & Lab Med, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
[Maglioni, Silvia; Torgovnick, Alessandro; Ventura, Natascia] IUF Leibniz Res Inst Environm Med, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
[Henriksson, Johan; Burglin, Thomas R.] Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
[Henriksson, Johan; Burglin, Thomas R.] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Biosci, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
[Matilainen, Olli; Holmberg, Carina I.] Univ Helsinki, Res Programs Unit, Mol Canc Biol Program, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Matilainen, Olli; Holmberg, Carina I.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Biomed, Biomedicum Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Marquis, Bryce J.; Nelson, Bryant C.; Jaruga, Pawel] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nilsen, H (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Ctr Biotechnol, POB 1125 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
EM hilde.nilsen@biotek.uio.no
RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015;
OI Lindvall, Jessica/0000-0002-5042-8481; Henriksson,
Johan/0000-0002-7745-2844; Nilsen, Hilde/0000-0003-2115-2663; Maglioni,
Silvia/0000-0001-5272-9264
FU University of Oslo; Functional Genomics program of the Research Council
of Norway; My First AIRC (Italian Association for Cancer Research)
[MFAG11509]; Swedish Research Council; Nordic C. elegans Researcher
Network of Shared Technology Platforms
FX University of Oslo (to H.N. and B.T., group leader); Functional Genomics
program of the Research Council of Norway (to H.N.); My First AIRC
(Italian Association for Cancer Research) [MFAG11509 to N.V.,
recipient]; Swedish Research Council (to J.H. and T.R.B.). K.D.A. and
H.K. were recipients of travel grants from the Nordic C. elegans
Researcher Network of Shared Technology Platforms. Funding for open
access charge: University of Oslo.
NR 69
TC 9
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 15
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0305-1048
J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES
JI Nucleic Acids Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 41
IS 10
BP 5368
EP 5381
DI 10.1093/nar/gkt225
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 156FG
UT WOS:000319806600026
PM 23580547
ER
PT J
AU Alpert, BK
Horansky, RD
Bennett, DA
Doriese, WB
Fowler, JW
Hoover, AS
Rabin, MW
Ullom, JN
AF Alpert, B. K.
Horansky, R. D.
Bennett, D. A.
Doriese, W. B.
Fowler, J. W.
Hoover, A. S.
Rabin, M. W.
Ullom, J. N.
TI Note: Operation of gamma-ray microcalorimeters at elevated count rates
using filters with constraints
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY; RESOLUTION
AB Microcalorimeter sensors operated near 0.1 K can measure the energy of individual x-and gamma-ray photons with significantly more precision than conventional semiconductor technologies. Both microcalorimeter arrays and higher per pixel count rates are desirable to increase the total throughput of spectrometers based on these devices. The millisecond recovery time of gamma-ray microcalorimeters and the resulting pulse pileup are significant obstacles to high per pixel count rates. Here, we demonstrate operation of a microcalorimeter detector at elevated count rates by use of convolution filters designed to be orthogonal to the exponential tail of a preceding pulse. These filters allow operation at 50% higher count rates than conventional filters while largely preserving sensor energy resolution. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Alpert, B. K.; Horansky, R. D.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hoover, A. S.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Alpert, BK (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690
FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; DOE Office of Nuclear
Nonproliferation Research and Development; DOE Office of Nuclear Energy
FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the NIST Innovations in
Measurement Science program, the DOE Office of Nuclear Nonproliferation
Research and Development, and the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy.
NR 9
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 84
IS 5
AR 056107
DI 10.1063/1.4806802
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 158UO
UT WOS:000319999300081
PM 23742605
ER
PT J
AU Newbury, DE
Ritchie, NWM
AF Newbury, Dale E.
Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.
TI Is Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry
(SEM/EDS) Quantitative?
SO SCANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE elemental analysis; energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; EDS; scanning
electron microscopy; SEM; silicon drift detector; SDD; quantitative
analysis; X-ray microanalysis; X-ray spectrometry
ID MICROANALYSIS; ACCURACY; SPECTRA
AB Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) is a widely applied elemental microanalysis method capable of identifying and quantifying all elements in the periodic table except H, He, and Li. By following the k-ratio (unknown/standard) measurement protocol development for electron-excited wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS), SEM/EDS can achieve accuracy and precision equivalent to WDS and at substantially lower electron dose, even when severe X-ray peak overlaps occur, provided sufficient counts are recorded. Achieving this level of performance is now much more practical with the advent of the high-throughput silicon drift detector energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS). However, three measurement issues continue to diminish the impact of SEM/EDS: (1) In the qualitative analysis (i.e., element identification) that must precede quantitative analysis, at least some current and many legacy software systems are vulnerable to occasional misidentification of major constituent peaks, with the frequency of misidentifications rising significantly for minor and trace constituents. (2) The use of standardless analysis, which is subject to much broader systematic errors, leads to quantitative results that, while useful, do not have sufficient accuracy to solve critical problems, e.g. determining the formula of a compound. (3) EDS spectrometers have such a large volume of acceptance that apparently credible spectra can be obtained from specimens with complex topography that introduce uncontrolled geometric factors that modify X-ray generation and propagation, resulting in very large systematic errors, often a factor of ten or more. SCANNING 35: 141-168, 2013. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.newbury@nist.gov
NR 30
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 7
U2 79
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0161-0457
J9 SCANNING
JI Scanning
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2013
VL 35
IS 3
BP 141
EP 168
DI 10.1002/sca.21041
PG 28
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
GA 160FI
UT WOS:000320102300001
PM 22886950
ER
PT J
AU Hunley, MT
Sari, N
Beers, KL
AF Hunley, Matthew T.
Sari, Nese
Beers, Kathryn L.
TI Microstructure Analysis and Model Discrimination of Enzyme-Catalyzed
Copolyesters
SO ACS MACRO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION; RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION;
OMEGA-PENTADECALACTONE; HYDROLYSIS; SEQUENCE; STYRENE
AB The comonomer sequence distributions were analyzed for a series of poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-delta-valerolactone) (PCV) copolymers using C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The four dyad sequences each showed well peaks in the NMR spectra that allowed easy quantification of the dyad and triad fractions. Although compositional analysis could not discriminate between terminal and penultimate model copolymerization kinetics, the monomer sequence distributions clearly indicated that the lipase-catalyzed copolymerization proceeds via terminal model kinetics. This NMR analytical tool enables rapid characterization of lipase catalyzed copolymers
C1 [Hunley, Matthew T.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sari, Nese] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Beers, KL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM beers@nist.gov
FU National Research Council
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the National
Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2161-1653
J9 ACS MACRO LETT
JI ACS Macro Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 2
IS 5
BP 375
EP 379
DI 10.1021/mz300659h
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 154WX
UT WOS:000319708500006
ER
PT J
AU Guilyardi, E
Balaji, V
Lawrence, B
Callaghan, S
Deluca, C
Denvil, S
Lautenschlager, M
Morgan, M
Murphy, S
Taylor, KE
AF Guilyardi, Eric
Balaji, V.
Lawrence, Bryan
Callaghan, Sarah
Deluca, Cecelia
Denvil, Sebastien
Lautenschlager, Michael
Morgan, Mark
Murphy, Sylvia
Taylor, Karl E.
TI DOCUMENTING CLIMATE MODELS AND THEIR SIMULATIONS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB The results of climate models are of increasing and widespread importance. No longer is climate model output of sole interest to climate scientists and researchers in the climate change impacts and adaptation fields. Now nonspecialists such as government officials, policy makers, and the general public all have an increasing need to access climate model output and understand its implications. For this host of users, accurate and complete metadata (i.e., information about how and why the data were produced) is required to document the climate modeling results. Here we describe a pilot community initiative to collect and make available documentation of climate models and their simulations. In an initial application, a metadata repository is being established to provide information of this kind for a major internationally coordinated modeling activity known as CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5). It is expected that for a wide range of stakeholders, this and similar community-managed metadata repositories will spur development of analysis tools that facilitate discovery and exploitation of Earth system simulations.
C1 [Guilyardi, Eric; Lawrence, Bryan] Univ Reading, NCAS, Reading, Berks, England.
[Guilyardi, Eric] IPSL LOCEAN, Paris, France.
[Lawrence, Bryan] STFC, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Callaghan, Sarah] STFC BADC, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Deluca, Cecelia; Murphy, Sylvia] NOAA, ESRL, NESII, Boulder, CO USA.
[Denvil, Sebastien; Morgan, Mark] IPSL, Paris, France.
[Lautenschlager, Michael] DKRZ, Hamburg, Germany.
[Taylor, Karl E.] PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Callaghan, S (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, British Atmospher Data Ctr, RAL Space, R25-Room 1-121, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
EM sarah.callaghan@stfc.ac.uk
RI Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011;
OI Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135;
Callaghan, Sarah/0000-0002-0517-1031
FU EU [211,753]
FX METAFOR has been funded by the EU 7th Framework Programme as an
e-infrastructure (Project #211,753). We thank Ron Stouffer, Sandrine
Bony, and Jerry Meehl for the strong support provided via the CMIP and
WGCM panels. Mark Elkington from the Met Office/Hadley Centre provided
extensive comments on the beta testing of the CMIP5 metadata
questionnaire. We acknowledge the enthusiasm, dedication, inspiration,,
and hard work of the Metafor and Earth System Curator teams and, in
particular, Charlotte Pascoe, Gerry Devine, Hans Ramthun, Allyn
Treshansky, Marie-Pierre Moine, Frank Toussain, Rupert Ford, and Sophie
Valcke.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 5
BP 623
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00035.1
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 150DT
UT WOS:000319371100008
ER
PT J
AU Warner, TA
Helsdon, JH
Bunkers, MJ
Saba, MMF
Orville, RE
AF Warner, Tom A.
Helsdon, John H., Jr.
Bunkers, Matthew J.
Saba, Marcelo M. F.
Orville, Richard E.
TI UPLIGHTS Upward Lightning Triggering Study
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Warner, Tom A.; Helsdon, John H., Jr.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
[Bunkers, Matthew J.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Rapid City, SD USA.
[Saba, Marcelo M. F.] Natl Inst Space Res, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil.
[Orville, Richard E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, NOAA, NWS Cooperat Inst Appl Meteorol Studies, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Helsdon, JH (reprint author), South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, 501 East St Joseph, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA.
EM John.Helsdon@sdsmt.edu
RI Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012; Saba, Marcelo/D-2712-2012;
OI Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169; Saba, Marcelo/0000-0001-5857-761X;
Warner, Tom/0000-0001-8589-3351
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 5
BP 631
EP 635
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00252.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 150DT
UT WOS:000319371100009
ER
PT J
AU Edwards, R
LaDue, JG
Ferree, JT
Scharfenberg, K
Maier, C
Coulbourne, WL
AF Edwards, Roger
LaDue, James G.
Ferree, John T.
Scharfenberg, Kevin
Maier, Chris
Coulbourne, William L.
TI TORNADO INTENSITY ESTIMATION Past, Present and Future
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATOLOGY; DAMAGE; OKLAHOMA; ISSUES; SCALE; WINDS
AB During the early to middle 2000s, in response to demand for more detail in wind damage surveying and recordkeeping, a team of atmospheric scientists and wind engineers developed the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. The EF scale, codified officially into National Weather Service (NWS) use in February 2007, offers wind speed estimates for a range of degrees of damage (DoDs) across each of 28 damage indicators (DIs). In practice, this has increased precision of damage surveys for tornado and thunderstorm-wind events. Still, concerns remain about both the representativeness of DoDs and the sufficiency of DIs, including the following: How dependable are the wind speed ranges for certain DoDs? What other DIs can be included? How can recent advances in mapping and documentation tools be integrated into the surveying process and the storm records? What changes should be made to the existing scale: why, how, and by whom? What alternative methods may be included or adapted for estimating tornado intensity? To begin coordinated discussion on these and related topics, interested scientists and engineers (including some involved in EF scale development) organized a national EF Scale Stakeholders' Meeting, held on 2-3 March 2010 in Norman, Oklahoma. This article presents more detailed background information, summarizes the meeting, presents possibilities for the future of the EF scale and damage surveys, and solicits ideas from the engineering and atmospheric science communities.
C1 [Edwards, Roger] NWS Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
[LaDue, James G.] NWS Warning Decis Training Branch, Norman, OK USA.
[Ferree, John T.] Climate Water & Weather Serv, NWS Off, Norman, OK USA.
[Scharfenberg, Kevin; Maier, Chris] Climate Water & Weather Serv, NWS Off, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Coulbourne, William L.] Appl Technol Council, Delaware, OH USA.
RP Edwards, R (reprint author), Storm Predict Ctr, 120 Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM roger.edwards@noaa.gov
NR 63
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 5
BP 641
EP +
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00006.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 150DT
UT WOS:000319371100014
ER
PT J
AU Meixell, BW
Lindberg, MS
Conn, PB
Dau, CP
Sarvis, JE
Sowl, KM
AF Meixell, Brandt W.
Lindberg, Mark S.
Conn, Paul B.
Dau, Christian P.
Sarvis, John E.
Sowl, Kristine M.
TI AGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL OF TUNDRA SWANS ON THE LOWER ALASKA PENINSULA
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska Peninsula; apparent survival; Cygnus columbianus; emigration;
neck collar; tag loss; Tundra Swan
ID CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS-COLUMBIANUS; LESSER SNOW GEESE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE;
MARK-RECAPTURE; CANADA GEESE; BREEDING DISPERSAL; EUROPEAN DUCKS;
MOVEMENT RATES; SITE FIDELITY; TAG LOSS
AB The population of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) breeding on the lower Alaska Peninsula represents the southern extremity of the species' range is uniquely nonmigratory. We used data on recaptures, resightings, and recoveries of neck-collared Tundra Swans on the lower Alaska Peninsula to estimate collar loss, annual apparent survival, and other demographic parameters for the years 1978-1989. Annual collar loss was greater for adult males fitted with either the thinner collar type (0.34) or the thicker collar type (0.15) than for other age/sex classes (thinner 0 10, thicker: 0.04). The apparent mean probability of survival of adults (0.61) was higher than that of immatures (0.41) and for both age classes varied considerably by year (adult range: 0.44-0.95, immature range: 0.25-0.90). To assess effects of permanent emigration by age and breeding class, we analyzed post hoc the encounter histories of swans known to breed in our study area. The apparent mean survival of known breeders (0.65) was generally higher than that of the entire marked sample but still varied considerably by year (range 0.26-1.00) and indicated that permanent emigration of breeding swans was likely. We suggest that reductions in apparent survival probability were influenced primarily by high and variable rates of permanent emigration and that immigration by swans from elsewhere may be important in sustaining a breeding population at and near Izembek National Wildlife Refuge.
C1 [Meixell, Brandt W.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Meixell, Brandt W.; Lindberg, Mark S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Dau, Christian P.; Sarvis, John E.; Sowl, Kristine M.] Izembek Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cold Bay, AK 99571 USA.
RP Meixell, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM bmeixell@usgs.gov
OI Meixell, Brandt/0000-0002-6738-0349
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge;
Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife at
the University of Alaska Fairbanks; Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife
Research Unit
FX Funding and logistical support for our study were provided by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, the
Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife at
the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Alaska Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit. We thank K. Manlove for assistance with data
entry and management. S. Hoekman and J. Schmidt provided helpful insight
and analytical support. P. Flint, P. Doak, C. Amundson, R. Boone, and
two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the
manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and
does not imply endorsement by the federal government.
NR 47
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 21
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 115
IS 2
BP 280
EP 289
DI 10.1525/cond.2013.110213
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 151SU
UT WOS:000319481300008
ER
PT J
AU Pearson, SF
Hodum, PJ
Good, TP
Schrimpf, M
Knapp, SM
AF Pearson, Scott F.
Hodum, Peter J.
Good, Thomas P.
Schrimpf, Michael
Knapp, Shannon M.
TI A MODEL APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING COLONY SIZE, TRENDS, AND HABITAT
ASSOCIATIONS OF BURROW-NESTING SEABIRDS
SO CONDOR
LA English
DT Article
DE burrow-nesting seabirds; ecosystem health; habitat associations;
monitoring; Rhinoceros Auklet
ID BREEDING BIOLOGY; COOKS PETREL; STORM-PETREL; EL-NINO; POPULATION;
ISLAND; CONSERVATION; WASHINGTON; ABUNDANCE; ARCHIPELAGO
AB We present a prototype monitoring strategy for estimating the density and number of occupied burrows of burrow-nesting seabirds. We use data and management questions from Washington State as an example that can be applied to burrow-nesting seabirds at single- or multi-island scales. We also demonstrate how habitat assessments can be conducted concurrently. Specifically, we compared the density and occupancy of burrows of the Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) at nesting colonies in the California Current and the Salish Sea and in the 1970s, 1980s, and today. We estimated 36 152, 1546, and 6494 occupied burrows on Protection and Smith islands (Salish Sea), and Destruction Island (California Current), respectively. Our estimates for the Salish Sea are 52% greater than those from the 1970s and 1980s, while that for the California Current is 60% less than that of 1975. This suggests that the Salish Sea population has increased, despite greater human effects on that ecosystem. However, some of the estimated changes between the periods could be the result of methodological and analytical differences. To address these issues we recommend an unbiased and representative sampling approach (stratified random) and an approach for optimally allocating the samples among strata within and among islands, depending on the scale of the question being addressed. Optimally allocating the sample would save a great deal of field effort; using this approach, we achieve relatively high power (>0.80) to detect moderate changes (20%) sampling hundreds of fewer plots than in a sample not optimally allocated.
C1 [Pearson, Scott F.; Knapp, Shannon M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Hodum, Peter J.] Univ Puget Sound, Biol Dept, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA.
[Good, Thomas P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Schrimpf, Michael] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Schrimpf, Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Pearson, SF (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Res Div, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
EM scott.pearson@dfw.wa.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Washington Department of Fish and
Wildlife; SeaDoc Society through the Wildlife Health Center; School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of California; Northwest Fisheries
Science Center Internal Grant Program; University of Puget
FX We thank Kevin Ryan, Lorenz Sollmann, and Sue Thomas of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service's Washington Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
Complex for logistical support and for supporting this research. For
assistance in the field and with data entry, we thank Jane Dolliver,
Emma Kelsey, Ele Watts, and Joanna Smith. We thank Andy Duff, Shelly
Snyder, and Jeff Foisy for GIS assistance and Wan-Ying Chang for early
discussions about analytical approaches. We thank Jane Bardolf and Sue
Thomas with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for providing comments on a
previous progress report that led to this manuscript. Funding was
provided by Challenge Cost Share grants from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife matching funds, the SeaDoc Society
through the Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of California, Davis, a 2008 award from the Northwest
Fisheries Science Center Internal Grant Program to TPG, and a University
of Puget Sound Summer Research Grant to Emma Kelsey.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 26
PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0010-5422
J9 CONDOR
JI Condor
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 115
IS 2
BP 356
EP 365
DI 10.1525/cond.2013.110207
PG 10
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 151SU
UT WOS:000319481300016
ER
PT J
AU Kramida, A
AF Kramida, Alexander
TI CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DATA ON ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS, WAVELENGTHS, AND
TRANSITION PROBABILITIES
SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Technical Meeting on Data Evaluation for Atomic, Molecular and
Plasma-Material Interaction Processes in Fusion
CY SEP 04-07, 2012
CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA
DE atomic data evaluation; energy levels; transition probabilities
ID AG-II; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; EXTENDED ANALYSIS; SPECTRUM; LIFETIMES;
LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; TUNGSTEN; IONS; XI
AB Current methods of critical evaluation of wavelengths, energy levels, and transition probabilities for atoms and atomic ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are summarized.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov
FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences
of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the U.S. National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
NR 41
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 1536-1055
EI 1943-7641
J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL
JI Fusion Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 63
IS 3
BP 313
EP 323
PG 11
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 148KX
UT WOS:000319244600002
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, P
Zrnic, D
Ryzhkov, A
AF Zhang, P.
Zrnic, D.
Ryzhkov, A.
TI Partial Beam Blockage Correction Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; WEATHER RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; MOUNTAINOUS
AREA; RAINFALL; CALIBRATION; HYDROLOGY; TERRAIN
AB A new method for mitigation of partial beam blockage that uses the consistency between reflectivity factor Z and specific differential phase KDP and their radial integrals in rain is presented. The immunity of differential phase FDP to partial beam blockage is utilized to estimate the bias of reflectivity factor caused by beam blockage. The algorithm is tested on dual-polarization radar data collected by the NCARS-band polarimetric Dopper radar system (S-Pol) during the Southwest Monsoon Experiment/Terrain-Influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SoWMEX/TiMREX) in June 2008 in Taiwan. Corrected reflectivity factors in the blocked sectors are compared with corresponding values deduced from a digital elevation model (DEM) to show the advantage of the suggested method in areas where obstacles such as high-rise buildings cause additional blockage that is not accounted for by DEM. The accuracy and robustness of the method is quantitatively evaluated using a series of radar volume scans obtained in three rainfall events.
C1 [Zhang, P.; Ryzhkov, A.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Zhang, P.; Zrnic, D.; Ryzhkov, A.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM pengfei.zhang@noaa.gov
FU MIT Lincoln Laboratory [FA8721-05-C-0002, 700013024]; NOAA/Office of
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S.
Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]
FX The authors extend their thanks to Carrie Langston and Ami Arthur, who
helped us to generate the DEM for S-Pol in Taiwan. We also want to thank
Pin-Fang Lin, a scientist from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, who
provided the S-Pol observation data in the SoWMEX; and Scott Ellis, a
scientist from NCAR, who provided the S-Pol radar calibration
information. This work was partially supported by MIT Lincoln Laboratory
under the MOUs of Implementation of NEXRAD Dual Polarization Products
FA8721-05-C-0002 and Design Weather Radar Products for use in FAA
Weather Systems 700013024. Funding for the CIMMS authors came from the
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 5
BP 861
EP 872
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00075.1
PG 12
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 148PW
UT WOS:000319259000001
ER
PT J
AU Cho, HM
Nasiri, SL
Yang, P
Laszlo, I
Zhao, XP
AF Cho, Hyoun-Myoung
Nasiri, Shaima L.
Yang, Ping
Laszlo, Istvan
Zhao, Xuepeng Tom''
TI Detection of Optically Thin Mineral Dust Aerosol Layers over the Ocean
Using MODIS
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD; ALGORITHM; RETRIEVAL; DIFFERENCE; STORMS; INDEX; TERRA; LAND; UV
AB Analyses show that several existing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dust detection techniques, including an approach based on simple brightness temperature difference thresholds, the D-parameter method, and the multichannel image (MCI) algorithm, may be more effective for detection of highly concentrated dust plumes than for thin dust layers. Using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) cloud and aerosol classification as a reference, the sensitivities of six MODIS radiative parameters (including brightness temperature differences, and standard deviation and ratios of reflectances) to cloud, clear sky, and dust layers are examined in this paper. Reflectance ratios and the standard deviation of reflectances were confirmed to be useful in the discrimination of dust from cloud and underlying ocean surface, while brightness temperature differences alone were not sufficient to separate dust from cloud and clear sky over the ocean surface. Using a collocated MODIS and CALIPSO training dataset from 2008, visible and infrared MODIS radiative parameters from six latitude bands and four seasons were combined using linear and quadratic discriminant analyses to develop a new algorithm for the detection of optically thin dust over the ocean. The validation using collocated MODIS and CALIPSO data from 2009 shows that the present algorithm is effective in detecting thin dust layers having optical thicknesses between 0.1 and 2.0, but that it tends to misclassify optically thicker dust layers as clouds.
C1 [Cho, Hyoun-Myoung; Nasiri, Shaima L.; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Zhao, Xuepeng Tom''] Natl Climat Ctr, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Nasiri, SL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM snasiri@tamu.edu
RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Nasiri, Shaima/C-8044-2011; Laszlo,
Istvan/F-5603-2010
OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708
FU NOAA [DG133E09CN0258, NEED1000-11-03051]; National Science Foundation
[ATMO-0803779]; NASA [NNX11AO55G]
FX This research was partly supported by NOAA (Grants DG133E09CN0258 and
NEED1000-11-03051) and the National Science Foundation (Grant
ATMO-0803779). S. L. Nasiri and P. Yang also acknowledge NASA support
(Grant NNX11AO55G).
NR 46
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 5
BP 896
EP 916
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00079.1
PG 21
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 148PW
UT WOS:000319259000003
ER
PT J
AU Szuts, ZB
Meinen, C
AF Szuts, Zoltan B.
Meinen, Chris
TI Salinity Transport in the Florida Straits
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; HEAT; 27-DEGREES-N; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION;
MECHANISMS; CLIMATE; SIGNALS; VOLUME
AB A submarine cable across the Florida Straits yields a time series of volume and temperature transports using previously determined calibrations, and here a calibration is defined for salinity transport using data not yet compared to the cable. Since 2001, 32 transects were collected with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTDs) sensors and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers (LADCPs). Calibrations for volume and temperature transports using CTD/LADCP data are consistent with previous studies. A salinity calibration is obtained by regressing salinity transport against volume transport, where salinity transport is calculated relative to the basin-averaged salinity at 26 degrees N (S-ref = 35.156 psu). On average, the transect-derived salinity transport is 33.0 Sv psu (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)), has a standard deviation of 2.8 Sv psu, and has a 90th percentile range of 29.1-37.4 Sv psu. The cable-derived salinity transport has a root-mean-square error of 2.2 Sv psu compared to the CTD/LADCP transects. Inherent spatial fluctuations and their covariability in the Florida Straits are responsible for noise in the calibrations and for slight increases in accuracy from salinity to temperature to volume calibrations. Salinity fluctuations are strongest in middepth waters of intermediate salinity, where velocity is neither particularily fast nor variable. In contrast, temperature is highly stratified and warm near-surface waters coincide with fast and variable velocities. Temperature additionally exhibits seasonality near the surface, whereas no robust seasonality is found for salinity or velocity. Temperature and salinity transports are largely driven by volume transport, which in turn, because of a large average electrical conductivity, is closely related to the conductivity-weighted velocity that generates the cable-measured voltage.
C1 [Szuts, Zoltan B.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Meinen, Chris] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Szuts, ZB (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
EM zoltan.szuts@zmaw.de
RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012
OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002
FU Western Boundary Time Series project; NOAA Climate Observations
Division; Abrupt Climate Change Research fellowship from the Comer
Science and Education Foundation; Max Planck Society for the Advancement
of Science; NOAA
FX The cable data, calibration transects, and C. M. are supported through
the Western Boundary Time Series project, which is funded through the
NOAA Climate Observations Division. Z. B. S. was supported by an Abrupt
Climate Change Research fellowship from the Comer Science and Education
Foundation and by the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science.
The Florida Current data are made freely available by the AOML Physical
Oceanography Division (at http://www.aoml.gov/phod/floridacurrent)
through funding from NOAA. The authors thank E. McDonagh and the
anonymous reviewers for their helpful discussions and suggestions.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 5
BP 971
EP 983
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00133.1
PG 13
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 148PW
UT WOS:000319259000008
ER
PT J
AU Kessler, WS
Cravatte, S
AF Kessler, William S.
Cravatte, Sophie
TI ENSO and Short-Term Variability of the South Equatorial Current Entering
the Coral Sea
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; EAST AUSTRALIAN CURRENT; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; NEW-CALEDONIA; HEAT BUDGETS; ROSSBY WAVES;
CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; LEVEL
AB Historical section data extending to 1985 are used to estimate the interannual variability of transport entering the Coral Sea between New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands. Typical magnitudes of this variability are +/- 5-8 Sv (Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) in the 0-400-m layer relative to 400 m, and +/- 8-12 Sv in the 0-2000-m layer relative to 2000 m, on a mean of close to -30 Sv (relative to 2000 m). Transport increases a few months after an El Nino event and decreases following a La Nina. Interannual transport variability is well simulated by a reduced-gravity long Rossby wave model. Vigorous westward-propagating mesoscale eddies can yield substantial aliasing on individual ship or glider surveys. Since transport variability is surface intensified and well correlated with satellite-derived surface geostrophic currents, a simple index of South Equatorial Current transport based on satellite altimetry is developed.
C1 [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Cravatte, Sophie] Inst Rech Dev, Noumea, New Caledonia.
RP Kessler, WS (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM william.s.kessler@noaa.gov
RI Cravatte, Sophie/J-7081-2016
OI Cravatte, Sophie/0000-0002-2439-8952
FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01]; INSU/LEFE/IDAO
project Solwara
FX This paper was possible because of the data collection, compilation, and
quality control efforts of several national and international programs.
The quality-controlled XBT profiles were produced and made available by
the Coriolis Data Centre (http://www.coriolis.eu.org). The Argo
profiling float data were collected and made available by the
International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to
it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu). The AVISO altimeter products were
produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from
CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). Gridded wind products were
made available by the Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction studies at
Florida State University (http://coaps.fsu.edu/RVSMDC/FSUFluxes/), for
ERS by the Centre ERS d'Archivage et de Traitement
(http://cersat.ifremer.fr/), and for QuikScat by Remote Sensing Systems
(http://www.remss.com). The authors acknowledge K. Ridgway and an
anonymous reviewer, whose comments greatly helped to focus our ideas.
This work also benefited from discussions with Florent Gasparin, Lionel
Gourdeau, Alexandre Ganachaud and, as always, Dennis Moore. This work is
cofunded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Project
ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01) and by INSU/LEFE/IDAO project Solwara; it is a
contribution to the SPICE International programs
(http://www.solomonseaoceanography.org).
NR 51
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 43
IS 5
BP 956
EP 969
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0113.1
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 154IV
UT WOS:000319669100008
ER
PT J
AU Xu, FH
Chang, YL
Oey, LY
Hamilton, P
AF Xu, F. -H.
Chang, Y. -L.
Oey, L-Y.
Hamilton, P.
TI Loop Current Growth and Eddy Shedding Using Models and Observations:
Analyses of the July 2011 Eddy-Shedding Event
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MOMENTUM IMBALANCE PARADOX; YUCATAN CHANNEL; RING
SEPARATIONS; EDDIES; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION;
SIMULATION
AB Recent studies suggest that as the trade wind in the Caribbean Sea weakens from summer to fall, conditions become more favorable for the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico to shed an anticyclonic ring. This idea originated with observations showing a preference for more eddies from summer through fall, and it was confirmed using multidecadal model experiments. Here, the hypothesis is further tested by studying the dynamics of a specific eddy-shedding event in summer 2011 using a model experiment initialized with observation-assimilated reanalysis and forced by reanalysis wind from NCEP. Eddy shedding in July 2011 is shown to follow the weakening of the trade wind and Yucatan transport in late June. The shedding time is significantly earlier than can be explained based on reduced-gravity Rossby wave dynamics. Altimetry and model data are analyzed to show that empirical orthogonal function modes 1 + 2 dominate the reduced-gravity process, while higher modes contain the coupling of the Loop Current with deep layer underneath. The Loop's westward expansion at incipient shedding induces a deep cyclonic gyre in the eastern Gulf, embedded within which are small cyclones caused by the baroclinic instability of the strongly sheared current north of the Campeche Bank. The associated deep upwelling and upper-layer divergence from these cyclonic circulations accelerate eddy shedding.
C1 [Xu, F. -H.; Oey, L-Y.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Xu, F. -H.] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Xu, F. -H.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Chang, Y. -L.] Natl Cent Univ, Zhongli, Taiwan.
[Oey, L-Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Jhongli, Taiwan.
[Hamilton, P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA.
RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM lyo@princeton.edu
RI Xu, Fanghua/H-2398-2015
FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M08PC20007]
FX Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. We
acknowledge support from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Contract
M08PC20007.
NR 34
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 43
IS 5
BP 1015
EP 1027
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0138.1
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 154IV
UT WOS:000319669100012
ER
PT J
AU Shinoda, T
Jensen, TG
Flatau, M
Chen, S
Han, WQ
Wang, CZ
AF Shinoda, Toshiaki
Jensen, Tommy G.
Flatau, Maria
Chen, Sue
Han, Weiqing
Wang, Chunzai
TI Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian
Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite
Observations
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Indian Ocean; Madden-Julian Oscillation; CINDY/DYNAMO; Aquarius; upper
ocean variability; satellite observations
ID TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTRASEASONAL KELVIN
WAVES; EQUATORIAL INDIAN-OCEAN; MODEL; CIRCULATION; TIMESCALES;
MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS
AB During the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign (fall/winter 2011), intensive measurements of the upper ocean, including an array of several surface moorings and ship observations for the area around 75 E-80 E, Equator-10 S, were conducted. In this study, large-scale upper ocean variations surrounding the intensive array during the field campaign are described based on the analysis of satellite-derived data. Surface currents, sea surface height (SSH), sea surface salinity (SSS),surface winds and sea surface temperature (SST) during the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign derived from satellite observations are analyzed. During the intensive observation period, three active episodes of large-scale convection associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) propagated eastward across the tropical Indian Ocean. Surface westerly winds near the equator were particularly strong during the events in late November and late December, exceeding 10 m/s. These westerlies generated strong eastward jets (>1 m/s) on the equator. Significant remote ocean responses to the equatorial westerlies were observed in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the central and eastern Indian Oceans. The anomalous SSH associated with strong eastward jets propagated eastward as an equatorial Kelvin wave and generated
C1 [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Jensen, Tommy G.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Flatau, Maria; Chen, Sue] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
EM toshiaki.shinoda@nrlssc.navy.mil; tommy.jensen@nrlssc.navy.mil;
maria.flatau@nrlmry.navy.mil; sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil;
weiqing.han@colorado.edu; chunzai.wang@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016
OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Shinoda,
Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206
FU Naval Research; NOAA/CPO ESS; MAPP; Influence of Atmosphere Ocean
Interaction on MJO Development and Propagation [601153N]
FX We acknowledge the effort of all Aquarius team members for making the
sea surface salinity data available. The TAO Project Office of NOAA/PMEL
provided the RAMA buoy time series data. The altimeter products are
produced by SSALTO/DUACS and are distributed by AVISO. Windsat data are
produced by Remote Sensing Systems. The OSCAR Project Office has made
the surface velocity data available. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, blended
SST product and OLR are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD. This research
is supported by "The Influence of Atmosphere Ocean Interaction on MJO
Development and Propagation" (Program Element 601153N) sponsored by the
Office of Naval Research, and NOAA/CPO ESS and MAPP programs.
NR 53
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 9
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 5
BP 2072
EP 2092
DI 10.3390/rs5052072
PG 21
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 151CT
UT WOS:000319438900003
ER
PT J
AU Fares, A
Temimi, M
Morgan, K
Kelleners, TJ
AF Fares, Ali
Temimi, Marouane
Morgan, Kelly
Kelleners, Thijs J.
TI In-Situ and Remote Soil Moisture Sensing Technologies for Vadose Zone
Hydrology
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Fares, Ali] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Temimi, Marouane] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Morgan, Kelly] Univ Florida, Southwest Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL USA.
[Kelleners, Thijs J.] Univ Wyoming, Ecosyst Sci & Management Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Fares, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Nat Resources & Environm Management Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM AFares@Hawaii.edu
NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 28
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 12
IS 2
DI 10.2136/vzj2013.03.0058
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 150LX
UT WOS:000319393200027
ER
PT J
AU Palecki, MA
Bell, JE
AF Palecki, Michael A.
Bell, Jesse E.
TI U.S. Climate Reference Network Soil Moisture Observations with Triple
Redundancy: Measurement Variability
SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID REMOTE-SENSING FOOTPRINTS
AB Between 2009 and 2011, the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) was augmented with soil moisture/soil temperature probes and atmospheric relative humidity instruments as part of a programmatic expansion in support of the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS). The 114 sites in this sparse network are well distributed across the conterminous United States in open, rural locations expected to remain unchanged in land use for many decades into the future. Soil probes are installed in triplicate redundancy, similar to the air temperature and precipitation measurements, at either five standard World Meteorological Organization (WMO) depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm) or only two depths (5 and 10 cm) depending on the nature of the underlying materials. Stations also measure air temperature, surface skin temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and 1.5-m wind speed. In addition to sensor failure, the triplicate design of USCRN soil probes have allowed for an initial characterization of variability of soil moisture measurements. Nationwide analysis of soil moisture during early-to-mid growing season in 2011 and 2012 was performed to examine the differences in response to the widespread drought of 2012. The redundancy of the network helps retain the continuity of the record over time, and also provides key insights into the variations of measurements at a single location that are related to a combination of installation effects and the impacts of soil differences at the local level. This article highlights the usefulness of deploying triplicate configurations of soil probes for detecting faulty sensors and for better understanding the nature of soil moisture measurement variability.
C1 [Palecki, Michael A.; Bell, Jesse E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Bell, Jesse E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Palecki, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM michael.palecki@noaa.gov
FU NOAA through the Cooperative Institute For Climate and Satellites-North
Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; NOAA Climate Program Office; National
Integrated Drought Information System Program
FX We greatly appreciate the work of the USCRN staff at NOAA NCDC and ATDD
for ensuring the continual success of the program. This work was
supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute For Climate and
Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006.
The USCRN soil moisture network is supported by NOAA Climate Program
Office and the National Integrated Drought Information System Program.
We especially thank Scott Embier, Diana Kantor, and Rocky Bilotta for
technical assistance, and Michael Brewer, Scott Applequist, Tay
Lawrimore, Tom Peterson, and the external reviewers for their editorial
suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report
are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA
or US. government position, policy, or decision.
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER
PI MADISON
PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 1539-1663
J9 VADOSE ZONE J
JI Vadose Zone J.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 12
IS 2
DI 10.2136/vzj2012.0158
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 150LX
UT WOS:000319393200019
ER
PT J
AU Westley, PAH
Quinn, TP
Dittman, AH
AF Westley, Peter A. H.
Quinn, Thomas P.
Dittman, Andrew H.
TI Rates of straying by hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus
spp.) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) differ among species, life
history types, and populations
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; TSHAWYTSCHA WALBAUM; YAKIMA RIVER;
PATTERNS; KISUTCH; MIGRATION
AB Here we ask whether straying differs among species, life history types, and populations of adult hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Columbia River basin. Previous estimates of straying have been confounded by various factors influencing the probability of individuals returning to non-natal sites (e.g., off-station releases), whereas analyses undertaken here of nearly a quarter million coded-wire tag recoveries control for these factors. Our results revealed large and generally consistent differences in the propensity to stray among species, life history types within species, and populations. Paired releases indicated that (i) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) strayed more (mean population range 0.11%-34.6%) than coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (0.08%-0.94%); (ii) ocean-type Chinook (5.2%-18.6%) strayed more than stream-type Chinook (0.11%-10%); and Chinook salmon (0.90%-54.9%) strayed more than steelhead (0.30%-2.3%). We conclude these patterns are largely the result of species-specific behavioral and endocrine factors during the juvenile life stages, but analyses also suggest that environmental factors can influence straying during the adult upstream migration.
C1 [Westley, Peter A. H.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Westley, Peter A. H.; Dittman, Andrew H.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Westley, PAH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM resolute@uw.edu
FU US Army Corps of Engineers
FX The paper was greatly improved from comments and conversations with
Aimee Fullerton, Matt Keefer, Doug Marsh, Mark Scheuerell, Eric Ward,
and Rich Zabel and from comments on a draft provided by Walt Dickhoff,
Matt Keefer, Joe Bumgarner, Russ Kiefer, Dean Holecek, and two anonymous
reviewers. This project was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers and
made possible by the massive behind-scenes efforts by individuals and
organizations involved in recovery, reading, and processing of
coded-wire tag data; thank you, one and all.
NR 65
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 45
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 70
IS 5
BP 735
EP 746
DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0536
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 148PM
UT WOS:000319257700008
ER
PT J
AU Berejikian, BA
Campbell, LA
Moore, ME
AF Berejikian, Barry A.
Campbell, Lance A.
Moore, Megan E.
TI Large-scale freshwater habitat features influence the degree of anadromy
in eight Hood Canal Oncorhynchus mykiss populations
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID RESIDENT RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC
SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MATING
SYSTEM; YAKIMA RIVER; SEX-RATIO
AB Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss maternity was determined from otolith strontium: calcium ratios to investigate the degree of anadromy in eight freshwater streams draining to a common fjord. The percentages of O. mykiss parr produced by anadromous females ranged from an annual average of 41.3% (Hamma Hamma River) to 100% (Dewatto River). The proportion of stream habitat available to resident O. mykiss upstream of barriers to anadromous migration explained a significant portion of the variability in maternal life history below barrier falls and was included in each of the five logistic regression models with the lowest AIC scores. Transitional hydrologic profiles, low mean annual temperatures and high mean annual stream flow, common to Olympic Peninsula streams, were each associated with greater proportions of offspring from resident females. Only 2 out of 234 parr from the lowland, rain-driven, low-flow streams of the Kitsap Peninsula were produced by resident females. Thus, large-scale habitat features, and primarily the presence or absence of resident populations above natural barriers to anadromous migration, appeared to shape the degree of anadromy among populations.
C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Moore, Megan E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Campbell, Lance A.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130 Manchester, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov
NR 57
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 27
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 70
IS 5
BP 756
EP 765
DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0491
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 148PM
UT WOS:000319257700010
ER
PT J
AU Sugeno, M
Munch, SB
AF Sugeno, Masatoshi
Munch, Stephan B.
TI A semiparametric Bayesian method for detecting Allee effects
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Allee effects; depensation; Gaussian process; semiparametric Bayesian
modeling
ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FISH STOCKS; RECRUITMENT; DEPENSATION; MODELS;
CONSERVATION; RISK
AB The importance of Allee effects has long been recognized both in theoretical studies of population dynamics and in conservation sciences. Although the necessary conditions for Allee effects to occur (e.g., difficulty in finding mates and mortality driven by generalist predators at low density) would seem to apply to many species, evidence for Allee effects in natural populations is equivocal at best. This apparent scarcity might be an artifact driven by poor power to detect them with traditional parametric models. To circumvent this potential problem, we developed a semiparametric Bayesian method based on a Gaussian process prior. We validated the method using simulated data sets and applied it to three herring data sets.
C1 [Sugeno, Masatoshi] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Sugeno, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM masatoshi.sugeno@gmail.com
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0727312]
FX This study is supported by a National Science Foundation grant awarded
to Stephan B. Munch and Athanasios Kottas (DEB-0727312). The authors
thank Munch lab members Robert M. Cerrato, Lev Ginzburg, and Scott
Ferson for discussions. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for
comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
NR 47
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 17
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 94
IS 5
BP 1196
EP 1204
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 144VQ
UT WOS:000318969800021
PM 23858659
ER
PT J
AU Gornakov, VS
Nikitenko, VI
Shashkov, IV
Lebyodkin, MA
Shull, RD
AF Gornakov, V. S.
Nikitenko, V. I.
Shashkov, I. V.
Lebyodkin, M. A.
Shull, R. D.
TI Direct experimental study of the effect of dislocations on the
magnetization reversal in a quasi-two-dimensional ferromagnet with
unidirectional anisotropy
SO JETP LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTIFERROMAGNETS; ASYMMETRY; CRYSTALS; BILAYERS
AB The effect of dislocations on the elementary acts of the magnetization reversal in the epitaxial heterostructure NiFe/NiO/MgO(001) has been studied using the magneto-optical indicator film technique. It has been found that the edge dislocations grouped along the aOE (c) 110 > slip planes lead to the formation of quasi-one-dimensional domains in the permalloy film with the induced uniaxial anisotropy oriented along these planes the direction of which differs by 90A degrees from that of the uniaxial anisotropy in the dislocation-free part of the heterostructure. The micromechanism of the observed effect has been discussed taking into account the effect of dislocations on the orientation of spins in the antiferromagnet and their exchange interaction with the spins of the ferromagnet on the interphase plane.
C1 [Gornakov, V. S.; Nikitenko, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Shashkov, I. V.; Lebyodkin, M. A.] Univ Lorraine, UMR CNRS 7239, LEM3, F-57045 Metz 01, France.
[Shull, R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gornakov, VS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia.
EM gornakov@issp.ac.ru
RI Lebedkin, Mikhail/B-9283-2008
OI Lebedkin, Mikhail/0000-0002-8776-1763
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 0021-3640
EI 1090-6487
J9 JETP LETT+
JI Jetp Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 97
IS 5
BP 279
EP 284
DI 10.1134/S0021364013050068
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 143VZ
UT WOS:000318897900008
ER
PT J
AU Jung, JH
Hicken, CE
Boyd, D
Anulacion, BF
Carls, MG
Shim, WJ
Incardona, JP
AF Jung, Jee-Hyun
Hicken, Corinne E.
Boyd, Daryle
Anulacion, Bernadita F.
Carls, Mark G.
Shim, Won Joon
Incardona, John P.
TI Geologically distinct crude oils cause a common cardiotoxicity syndrome
in developing zebrafish
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE Oil spills; Marine pollution; Fish embryology; Developmental toxicity;
Cardiovascular toxicity
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; HERRING
CLUPEA-PALLASI; FISH EMBRYOS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY;
INDUCTION; MORTALITY
AB Crude oils from different geological formations vary in composition, yet most crude oils contain a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction that would be expected to produce cardiotoxic effects in developing fish. To determine whether different crude oils or PAH compositions produce common or distinct effects, we used zebrafish embryos to directly compare two crude oils at different states of weathering. Iranian heavy crude oil (IHCO) spilled in the Yellow Sea following the 2007 Hebei Spirit accident was compared to the intensively studied Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANSCO) using two different exposure methods, water-accommodated fractions containing dispersed oil microdroplets and oiled gravel effluent. Overall, both crude oils produced a largely overlapping suite of defects, marked by the well-known effects of PAH exposure on cardiac function. Specific cardiotoxicity phenotypes were nearly identical between the two oils, including impacts on ventricular contractility and looping of the cardiac chambers. However, with increased weathering, tissue-specific patterns of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation in the heart changed, with myocardial AHR activation evident when alkyl-PAHs dominated the mixture. Our findings suggest that mechanisms of cardiotoxicity may shift from a predominantly AHR-independent mode during early weathering to a multiple pathway or synergistic mode with prolonged weathering and increased proportions of dissolved alkyl-PAHs. Despite continued need for comparisons of crude oils from different sources, the results here indicate that the body of knowledge already acquired from studies of ANSCO is directly relevant to understanding the impacts of other crude oil spills on the early life history stages of fish. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Jung, Jee-Hyun; Shim, Won Joon] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Oil & POPs Res Grp, Geoje 656830, South Korea.
[Hicken, Corinne E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, UAF Fisheries Div, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Boyd, Daryle; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Incardona, John P.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Carls, Mark G.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM john.incardona@noaa.gov
RI Shim, Won Joon/B-8136-2009
OI Shim, Won Joon/0000-0002-9591-8564
FU NOAA Coastal Storms Program; Oceans and Human Health Initiative; Korean
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs [PM56951, PE99151]
FX The authors thank Tiffany Linbo for zebrafish husbandry, Heather Day for
technical assistance, Marie Larsen and Larry Holland for analysis of
PAHs in ANSCO oiled gravel effluent, and Richard Edmunds and Nat Scholz
for critical review of the manuscript. These studies were funded in part
by the NOAA Coastal Storms Program and Oceans and Human Health
Initiative, and grants to W.J.S. from the Korean Ministry of Land,
Transport and Maritime Affairs (PM56951: Oil Spill Environmental Impact
Assessment and Environmental Restoration, and PE99151).
NR 33
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 5
U2 72
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
EI 1879-1298
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 91
IS 8
BP 1146
EP 1155
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.019
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 142ZK
UT WOS:000318835900011
PM 23481301
ER
PT J
AU Grummel, BJ
Shen, ZJ
Mustain, HA
Hefner, AR
AF Grummel, Brian J.
Shen, Zheng John
Mustain, Habib A.
Hefner, Allen R.
TI Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Au-In Transient Liquid Phase
Bonding Die-Attach
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Au-In; die-attach; high temperature; packaging; power semiconductor;
reliability; shear strength; silicon carbide; solid liquid
interdiffusion; thermal cycling; transient liquid phase bonding;
widebandgap
ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GOLD-INDIUM; INTERDIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; PACKAGES
AB Semiconductor die-attach techniques are critically important in the implementation of high-temperature wide-bandgap power devices. In this paper, thermal and mechanical characteristics of Au-In transient liquid phase (TLP) die-attach are examined for SiC devices. Samples with SiC diodes TLP-bonded to copper-metalized silicon nitride substrates are made using several different values for such fabrication properties as gold and indium thickness, Au/In ratio, and bonding pressure. The samples are then characterized for die-attach voiding, shear strength, and thermal impedance. It is found that the Au-In TLP-bonded samples offer a high average shear strength of 22.0 kgf and a low average thermal impedance of 0.35 K/W from the device junction through the substrate. It is also discovered that some of the fabrication properties have a greater influence on the bond characteristics than others. Overall, TLP bonding remains promising for high-temperature power electronic die-attach.
C1 [Grummel, Brian J.; Hefner, Allen R.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Grummel, Brian J.; Shen, Zheng John] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
[Mustain, Habib A.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
RP Grummel, BJ (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bgrummel@ieee.org; johnshen@ieee.org; Habib_Mustain@cree.com;
allen.hefner@nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6113]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under
Grant 70NANB7H6113. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor D.
Lu upon evaluation of reviewers' comments.
NR 34
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U1 2
U2 22
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-3950
J9 IEEE T COMP PACK MAN
JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Pack. Manuf. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 5
BP 716
EP 723
DI 10.1109/TCPMT.2013.2239702
PG 8
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 141CD
UT WOS:000318702100002
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, K
Cheng, L
Imazato, S
Antonucci, JM
Lin, NJ
Lin-Gibson, S
Bai, YX
Xu, HHK
AF Zhang, Ke
Cheng, Lei
Imazato, Satoshi
Antonucci, Joseph M.
Lin, Nancy J.
Lin-Gibson, Sheng
Bai, Yuxing
Xu, Hockin H. K.
TI Effects of dual antibacterial agents MDPB and nano-silver in primer on
microcosm biofilm, cytotoxicity and dentine bond properties
SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antibacterial primer; Dentine bond strength; Silver nanoparticles; MDPB;
Human saliva microcosm biofilm; Caries inhibition
ID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; IN-VITRO; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; RESTORATIVE
MATERIALS; INCORPORATING MDPB; MONOMER MDPB; NANOPARTICLES; ADHESIVE;
COMPOSITES; RESIN
AB Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dentine primer containing dual antibacterial agents, namely, 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) and nanoparticles of silver (NAg), on dentine bond strength, dental plaque microcosm biofilm response, and fibroblast cytotoxicity for the first time.
Methods: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) was used as the parent bonding agent. Four primers were tested: SBMP primer control (referred to as "P"), P + 5% MDPB, P + 0.05% NAg, and P + 5% MDPB + 0.05% NAg. Dentine shear bond strengths were measured using extracted human teeth. Biofilms from the mixed saliva of 10 donors were cultured to investigate metabolic activity, colony-forming units (CFU), and lactic acid production. Human fibroblast cytotoxicity of the four primers was tested in vitro.
Results: Incorporating MDPB and NAg into primer did not reduce dentine bond strength compared to control (p > 0.1). SEM revealed well-bonded adhesive-dentine interfaces with numerous resin tags. MDPB or NAg each greatly reduced biofilm viability and acid production, compared to control. Dual agents MDPB + NAg had a much stronger effect than either agent alone (p < 0.05), increasing inhibition zone size and reducing metabolic activity, CFU and lactic acid by an order of magnitude, compared to control. There was no difference in cytotoxicity between commercial control and antibacterial primers (p > 0.1).
Conclusions: The method of using dual agents MDPB + NAg in the primer yielded potent antibacterial properties. Hence, this method may be promising to combat residual bacteria in tooth cavity and invading bacteria at the margins. The dual agents MDPB + NAg may have wide applicability to other adhesives, composites, sealants and cements to inhibit biofilms and caries. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Ke; Cheng, Lei; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Zhang, Ke; Bai, Yuxing] Capital Med Univ, Sch Stomatol, Dept Orthodont, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Cheng, Lei] Sichuan Univ, West China Sch Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China.
[Imazato, Satoshi] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent & Endodontol, Osaka, Japan.
[Antonucci, Joseph M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM byuxing@263.net; hxu@umaryland.edu
FU School of Stomatology at the Capital Medical University in China;
National Natural Science Foundation of China [81100745]; NIH [R01
DE17974, DE14190]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry
FX We thank Dr. Fang Li and Dr. Michael D. Weir of the University of
Maryland School of Dentistry for fruitful discussions and experimental
help. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Dinesh Weerasinghe of the Dental
Materials Division of Kuraray Medical Inc. in Tokyo, Japan for donating
the MDPB, and Dr. Huaibing Liu at Dentsply International (L.D. Caulk
Division, Milford, DE) for donating the TPH composite. This study was
supported by the School of Stomatology at the Capital Medical University
in China (KZ), National Natural Science Foundation of China grant
81100745 (LC), NIH R01 DE17974 and DE14190 (HX), and a seed fund from
the University of Maryland School of Dentistry (HX).
NR 63
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 3
U2 57
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5712
J9 J DENT
JI J. Dent.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 41
IS 5
BP 464
EP 474
DI 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.02.001
PG 11
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA 143NH
UT WOS:000318873700011
PM 23402889
ER
PT J
AU Yeni, YN
Broum, CU
Gruen, TA
Norman, TL
AF Yeni, Yener N.
Broum, Christopher U.
Gruen, Thomas A.
Norman, Timothy L.
TI The relationships between femoral cortex geometry and tissue mechanical
properties
SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cortical bone; Femoral bone quality; Fracture toughness; Femoral bone
geometry; X-ray radiogrammetry
ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; TRABECULAR-PATTERN INDEX; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI;
AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; PROXIMAL FEMUR; SPINAL
OSTEOPOROSIS; SPECIMEN THICKNESS; MINERAL DENSITY; NECK FRACTURE
AB Bone tissue and geometry are constantly modified through modeling and remodeling at the periosteal, endosteal and intracortical envelopes. Results from several studies indicate that femoral bone geometry is a predictor of whole bone strength (e.g. femoral neck strength), however, it is not known whether there is a relationship between bone structural and material properties. Bone geometry can be determined from parameters based on plane X-ray radiogrammetry which are used to evaluate femoral bone quality for implant success. If there is a relationship between these parameters and tissue mechanical properties, this would have implications in the interpretation of such parameters for assessment of fracture risk and in further understanding of bone biology. Following measurement of radiogrammetric parameters from antero-posterior and medio-lateral X-rays (cortical thickness, bone diameter, bone area, moment of inertia, cortical index, Singh index), human femurs were machined into standard test specimens for assessment of tensile fracture toughness (G(Ic)) of the tissue. Results indicated that tensile fracture toughness generally increased with increasing bone size. We also found that fracture toughness of the tissue was significantly related to radiogrammetric indices and that some of these indices explained a greater variability in toughness than porosity, age or gender. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yeni, Yener N.] Henry Ford Hosp, Ctr Bone & Joint, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
[Broum, Christopher U.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Norman, Timothy L.] Cedarville Univ, Elmer W Engstrom Dept Engn & Comp Sci, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA.
RP Norman, TL (reprint author), Cedarville Univ, Elmer W Engstrom Dept Engn & Comp Sci, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA.
EM tnorman@cedarville.edu
NR 60
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1751-6161
J9 J MECH BEHAV BIOMED
JI J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 21
BP 9
EP 16
DI 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.12.014
PG 8
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 143AA
UT WOS:000318837500002
PM 23454364
ER
PT J
AU Morse, EP
Srinivasan, V
AF Morse, Edward P.
Srinivasan, Vijay
TI Size tolerancing revisited: A basic notion and its evolution in
standards
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF
ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Standardization; International Organization for Standardization;
Geometrical Product Specification; size tolerances; design intent
AB Size is a fundamental descriptor of objects-it allows us to quantify "how big" objects are and to compare and classify objects based on this notion. In the world of International Organization for Standardization Geometrical Product Specification and Verification, size is defined much more narrowly: it is restricted to features of size, and the methods of inducing size values from an actual workpiece are strictly controlled. The release of ISO 14405-1:2010 has introduced a rich new set of size specification modifiers, which includes two-point and spherical local sizes, least squares, maximum inscribed and minimum circumscribed associations, as well as calculated diameters (inferred from the circumference, area, or volume of the feature of interest). Further modifiers allow the specification of statistics of local size measurements, such as maximum, minimum, range, average, and others. This article will present "size" as a fundamental engineering notion from several viewpoints and trace its evolution in engineering drawings. It will then discuss the implications of the use of the recently standardized size modifiers in engineering design and investigate the issues that may arise in the application and interpretation of these extensions to size.
C1 [Morse, Edward P.] UNC Charlotte, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
[Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Morse, EP (reprint author), UNC Charlotte, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
EM emorse@uncc.edu
FU NIST [60NANB11D166]
FX The first author's research was funded in part by a grant from NIST,
grant number is 60NANB11D166.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0954-4054
J9 P I MECH ENG B-J ENG
JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 227
IS B5
SI SI
BP 662
EP 671
DI 10.1177/0954405412470418
PG 10
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 143HS
UT WOS:000318858600006
ER
PT J
AU Stat, M
Pochon, X
Franklin, EC
Bruno, JF
Casey, KS
Selig, ER
Gates, RD
AF Stat, Michael
Pochon, Xavier
Franklin, Erik C.
Bruno, John F.
Casey, Kenneth S.
Selig, Elizabeth R.
Gates, Ruth D.
TI The distribution of the thermally tolerant symbiont lineage
(Symbiodinium clade D) in corals from Hawaii: correlations with host and
the history of ocean thermal stress
SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; coral; ITS2; Symbiodinium; symbiosis
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALGAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; GENUS
SYMBIODINIUM; HIGH DIVERSITY; SORITID FORAMINIFERA; BLEACHING EVENT;
BUILDING CORALS; ZOOXANTHELLAE; SPECIFICITY
AB Spatially intimate symbioses, such as those between scleractinian corals and unicellular algae belonging to the genus Symbiodinium, can potentially adapt to changes in the environment by altering the taxonomic composition of their endosymbiont communities. We quantified the spatial relationship between the cumulative frequency of thermal stress anomalies (TSAs) and the taxonomic composition of Symbiodinium in the corals Montipora capitata, Porites lobata, and Porites compressa across the Hawaiian archipelago. Specifically, we investigated whether thermally tolerant clade D Symbiodinium was in greater abundance in corals from sites with high frequencies of TSAs. We recovered 2305 Symbiodinium ITS2 sequences from 242 coral colonies in lagoonal reef habitats at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, French Frigate Shoals, and Kaneohe Bay, Oahu in 2007. Sequences were grouped into 26 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 12 OTUs associated with Montipora and 21 with Porites. Both coral genera associated with Symbiodinium in clade C, and these co-occurred with clade D in M. capitata and clade G in P. lobata. The latter represents the first report of clade G Symbiodinium in P. lobata. In M. capitata (but not Porites spp.), there was a significant correlation between the presence of Symbiodinium in clade D and a thermal history characterized by high cumulative frequency of TSAs. The endogenous community composition of Symbiodinium and an association with clade D symbionts after long-term thermal disturbance appear strongly dependent on the taxa of the coral host.
C1 [Stat, Michael] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Stat, Michael] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Microscopy Characterisat & Anal, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Stat, Michael] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
[Stat, Michael] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
[Pochon, Xavier] Cawthron Inst, Nelson 7042, New Zealand.
[Franklin, Erik C.; Gates, Ruth D.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Casey, Kenneth S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Selig, Elizabeth R.] Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Econ, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
RP Stat, M (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
EM michael.stat@uwa.edu.au
RI Stat, Michael/K-5290-2012; Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013
OI Stat, Michael/0000-0002-1663-3422; Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117
FU NOAA's Undersea Research Program and Coral Reef Conservation Program;
Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory [NA05OAR4301108]; National Marine
Sanctuary Program [2005-008/66882]; U.S. National Science Foundation
(NSF) grants through Biological Oceanography [OCE-0752604, OCE-1041673];
U.S. EPA [FP917096]; AIMS-CSIRO-UWA
FX This research was funded by a grant from NOAA's Undersea Research
Program and Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Hawaii Undersea
Research Laboratory (NA05OAR4301108) to R. D. G., M. S., and X. P., the
National Marine Sanctuary Program (memorandum of agreement
2005-008/66882); the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants
through Biological Oceanography (OCE-0752604) to R. D. G., OCE-1041673
to E. C. F., U.S. EPA FP917096 to E. C. F.; and a postdoctoral
fellowship to M. S. from the AIMS-CSIRO-UWA collaborative agreement.;
This research was funded by a grant from NOAA's Undersea Research
Program and Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Hawaii Undersea
Research Laboratory (NA05OAR4301108) to R. D. G., M. S., and X. P., the
National Marine Sanctuary Program (memorandum of agreement
2005-008/66882); the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) grants
through Biological Oceanography (OCE-0752604) to R. D. G., OCE-1041673
to E. C. F., US EPA FP917096 to E. C. F.; and a postdoctoral fellowship
to M. S. from the AIMS-CSIRO-UWA collaborative agreement. This is HIMB
contribution # 1545 and SOEST contribution # 8890.
NR 76
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U1 9
U2 71
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2045-7758
J9 ECOL EVOL
JI Ecol. Evol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 3
IS 5
BP 1317
EP 1329
DI 10.1002/ece3.556
PG 13
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 142MW
UT WOS:000318802500017
PM 23762518
ER
PT J
AU Li, SS
Chen, LF
Xiong, XZ
Tao, JH
Su, L
Han, D
Liu, Y
AF Li, Shenshen
Chen, Liangfu
Xiong, Xiaozhen
Tao, Jinhua
Su, Lin
Han, Dong
Liu, Yang
TI Retrieval of the Haze Optical Thickness in North China Plain Using MODIS
Data
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosol model; GEOS-Chem; haze aerosol optical thickness (HAOT);
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); surface reflectance
ID AEROSOL PROPERTIES; SURFACE ALBEDO; LAND; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; CLOUDS;
DEPTH; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; MODEL
AB China's industrialized regions have seen increasing occurrence of heavy haze caused by severe particle pollution. However, aerosol retrieval under these circumstances is often excluded from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) aerosol products due to cloud mask and suspected high surface reflectance. An algorithm to retrieve the haze aerosol optical thickness (HAOT) is developed using MODIS data to supplement the current MODIS retrieval algorithm. This method includes 1) haze identification, 2) the generation of a surface reflectance database using MODIS data in hazy conditions, and 3) the development of haze aerosol models with four aerosol components simulated by a global 3-D atmospheric chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). This algorithm was used in combination with the MODIS dense dark vegetation algorithm to retrieve 1 km HAOT over North China Plain from March to September of 2008. The values of the retrieved HAOT values are mostly between 0.7-3, with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 with the Aerosol Robotic NETwork observations and a 19% mean relative difference. Retrieval uncertainties associated with the errors in haze detection, surface reflectance, and haze models were analyzed using ground measurements.
C1 [Li, Shenshen; Chen, Liangfu; Tao, Jinhua; Su, Lin; Han, Dong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Li, Shenshen; Chen, Liangfu; Tao, Jinhua; Su, Lin; Han, Dong] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Li, Shenshen; Liu, Yang] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
[Xiong, Xiaozhen] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Li, SS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM shenshen.li@emory.edu; lfchen@irsa.ac.cn; xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov;
jh_tao_beyond@163.com; sulin@irsa.ac.cn; www999888cn@gmail.com;
yang.liu@emory.edu
RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41101400, 41130528];
Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science of
China [OFSLRSS201103, OFSLRSS201201]; MISR science team at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory [1363692]; NASA [NNX09AT52G]; Institute of Remote
Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing Normal
University, Beijing, China
FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China for Young Scholar (Grant 41101400), National Natural Science
Foundation of China for Key Program (Grant 41130528), and Opening
Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science of China
(Grant OFSLRSS201103 and Grant OFSLRSS201201). The works of S. Li and Y.
Liu were supported in part by the MISR science team at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory led by Dr. David Diner (subcontract 1363692) and
by NASA Applied Science Program managed by John Haynes (agency grant
NNX09AT52G, Grant PI: Y. Liu).; S. Li is with the State Key Laboratory
of Remote Sensing Science, jointly sponsored by the Institute of Remote
Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100101, China and also with the Rollins School of
Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA (e-mail:
shenshen.li@emory.edu).
NR 43
TC 10
Z9 14
U1 5
U2 48
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 5
BP 2528
EP 2540
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2214038
PN 1
PG 13
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 137IJ
UT WOS:000318428700004
ER
PT J
AU Hennon, CC
Papin, PP
Zarzar, CM
Michael, JR
Caudill, JA
Douglas, CR
Groetsema, WC
Lacy, JH
Maye, ZD
Reid, JL
Scales, MA
Talley, MD
Helms, CN
AF Hennon, Christopher C.
Papin, Philippe P.
Zarzar, Christopher M.
Michael, Jeremy R.
Caudill, J. Adam
Douglas, Carson R.
Groetsema, Wesley C.
Lacy, John H.
Maye, Zachery D.
Reid, Justin L.
Scales, Mark A.
Talley, Melissa D.
Helms, Charles N.
TI Tropical Cloud Cluster Climatology, Variability, and Genesis
Productivity
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NINO
SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; CYCLONE ACTIVITY;
OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS; DEEP CONVECTION; EASTERLY WAVES; ICE SCATTERING;
CYCLOGENESIS
AB Tropical cloud clusters (TCCs) are traditionally defined as synoptic-scale areas of deep convection and associated cirrus outflow. They play a critical role in the energy balance of the tropics, releasing large amounts of latent heat high in the troposphere. If conditions are favorable, TCCs can develop into tropical cyclones (TCs), which put coastal populations at risk. Previous work, usually connected with large field campaigns, has investigated TCC characteristics over small areas and time periods. Recently, developments in satellite reanalysis and global best track assimilation have allowed for the creation of a much more extensive database of TCC activity. The authors use the TCC database to produce an extensive global analysis of TCCs, focusing on TCC climatology, variability, and genesis productivity (GP) over a 28-yr period (1982-2009). While global TCC frequency was fairly consistent over the time period, with relatively small interannual variability and no noticeable trend, regional analyses show a high degree of interannual variability with clear trends in some regions. Approximately 1600 TCCs develop around the globe each year; about 6.4% of those develop into TCs. The eastern North Pacific Ocean (EPAC) basin produces the highest number of TCCs (per unit area) in a given year, but the western North Pacific Ocean (WPAC) basin has the highest GP (similar to 12%). Annual TCC frequency in some basins exhibits a strong correlation to sea surface temperatures (SSTs), particularly in the EPAC, North Atlantic Ocean, and WPAC. However, GP is not as sensitive to SST, supporting the hypothesis that the tropical cyclogenesis process is most sensitive to atmospheric dynamical considerations such as vertical wind shear and large-scale vorticity.
C1 [Hennon, Christopher C.; Caudill, J. Adam; Douglas, Carson R.; Groetsema, Wesley C.; Lacy, John H.; Reid, Justin L.; Scales, Mark A.; Talley, Melissa D.] Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA.
[Papin, Philippe P.; Helms, Charles N.] SUNY Albany, Univ Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
[Zarzar, Christopher M.] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA.
[Michael, Jeremy R.] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Elko, NV USA.
[Maye, Zachery D.] Air Force Combat Climatol Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Hennon, CC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 1 Univ Hts,CPO 2450, Asheville, NC 28804 USA.
EM chennon@unca.edu
FU NOAA Climate Change Data and Detection (CCDD) Program Opportunity Ocean
and Atmospheric Research (OAR) Climate Program Office (CPO)
[2009-2001430]
FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Climate Change Data and
Detection (CCDD) Program Opportunity Ocean and Atmospheric Research
(OAR) Climate Program Office (CPO) 2009-2001430. Special thanks to Ken
Knapp at the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center for assisting with the
production of the latest release of the dataset. We are also grateful to
the thoughtful anonymous reviews that have dramatically improved the
paper.
NR 59
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 10
BP 3046
EP 3066
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00387.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 142DG
UT WOS:000318775900004
ER
PT J
AU Villarini, G
Vecchi, GA
AF Villarini, Gabriele
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
TI Projected Increases in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Intensity from
CMIP5 Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
POTENTIAL INTENSITY; HURRICANE INTENSITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
POWER DISSIPATION; AEROSOLS; IMPACT; OCEAN
AB Tropical cyclones-particularly intense ones-are a hazard to life and property, so an assessment of the changes in North Atlantic tropical cyclone intensity has important socioeconomic implications. In this study, the authors focus on the seasonally integrated power dissipation index (PDI) as a metric to project changes in tropical cyclone intensity. Based on a recently developed statistical model, this study examines projections in North Atlantic PDI using output from 17 state-of-the-art global climate models and three radiative forcing scenarios. Overall, the authors find that North Atlantic PDI is projected to increase with respect to the 1986-2005 period across all scenarios. The difference between the PDI projections and those of the number of North Atlantic tropical cyclones, which are not projected to increase significantly, indicates an intensification of North Atlantic tropical cyclones in response to both greenhouse gas (GHG) increases and aerosol changes over the current century. At the end of the twenty-first century, the magnitude of these increases shows a positive dependence on projected GHG forcing. The projected intensification is significantly enhanced by non-GHG (primarily aerosol) forcing in the first half of the twenty-first century.
C1 [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM gabriele-villarini@uiowa.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini,
Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370
FU Iowa Flood Center, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering; U.S. Department of
Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
FX Gabriele Villarini acknowledges financial support by the Iowa Flood
Center, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering. We thank Tom Knutson and
Xiasong Yang for comments and suggestions and Larry Horowitz for access
to the GFDL CM3 perturbation experiments. We acknowledge the World
Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which
is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups
(listed in Table 1) for producing and making available their model
output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate
Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and
led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the
Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors thank
Dr. Stasinopoulos, Dr. Rigby, and Dr. Akantziliotou for making the
GAMLSS (Stasinopoulos et al. 2007) package freely available in R (R
Development Core Team 2008).
NR 53
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U1 3
U2 35
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 10
BP 3231
EP 3240
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00441.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 142DG
UT WOS:000318775900014
ER
PT J
AU Rutherford, SD
Mann, ME
Wahl, E
Ammann, C
AF Rutherford, Scott D.
Mann, Michael E.
Wahl, Eugene
Ammann, Caspar
TI Comments on "Erroneous Model Field Representations in Multiple
Pseudoproxy Studies: Corrections and Implications''
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PROXY-BASED RECONSTRUCTIONS; PACIFIC SST VARIABILITY; PAST CLIMATE;
STANDARDIZATION INTERVAL; FIDELITY
AB Smerdon et al. report two errors in the climate model grid data used in previous pseudoproxy-based climate reconstruction experiments that do not impact the main conclusions of those works. The errors did not occur in subsequent works and therefore have no impact on the results presented therein. Results presented here for the Climate System Model (CSM) using multiple pseudoproxy noise realizations show that the quantitative differences between the incorrect and corrected results are within the expected variability of the noise realizations. It should also be made clear that the climate reconstruction method used in Smerdon et al. to illustrate the nature of the errors, the Regularized Expectation Maximization method with Ridge Regression (RegEM-Ridge), is known to produce climate reconstructions with considerable variance loss and has been superseded by RegEM-TTLS (TTLS indicates truncated total least squares).
C1 [Rutherford, Scott D.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bristol, RI 02809 USA.
[Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Mann, Michael E.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Wahl, Eugene] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ammann, Caspar] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Rutherford, SD (reprint author), Roger Williams Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bristol, RI 02809 USA.
EM srutherford@rwu.edu
RI Mann, Michael/B-8472-2017
OI Mann, Michael/0000-0003-3067-296X
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 26
IS 10
BP 3482
EP 3484
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00065.1
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 142DG
UT WOS:000318775900029
ER
PT J
AU Seif, M
McAllister, T
AF Seif, Mina
McAllister, Therese
TI Stability of wide flange structural steel columns at elevated
temperatures
SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Local buckling; Slenderness limits; Finite strip analysis; Finite
element analysis; Cross section stability; Structural fire effects
ID STRENGTH
AB There is a lack of understanding of how structural systems perform under realistic, uncontrolled fires. Fire protection of steel structures is usually provided through prescriptive requirements. The development of performance-based standards and tools requires explicit consideration of fire effects on structural components and systems. This paper presents a parametric study employing nonlinear material and geometric finite element analyses to model the response of wide flange steel column sections at elevated temperatures. The parametric study varied the axial load and cross-sectional slenderness of three lengths of column sections. The column sections were uniformly heated until they exhibited either inelastic or elastic buckling failure. Typically, cross-sectional slenderness is addressed through limiting the element (flange/web) width to thickness ratio, so only member buckling occurs. However, as members are heated, the modulus of elasticity and the yield strength are reduced, which (in effect) results in slender elements at elevated temperatures. Computational results illustrate the relationship between local slenderness in the web and/or flanges and the local and global buckling modes under varying load and temperature conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Seif, Mina; McAllister, Therese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Seif, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mina.seif@nist.gov; therese.mcallister@nist.gov
NR 21
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-974X
J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES
JI J. Constr. Steel. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 84
BP 17
EP 26
DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.02.002
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 140OW
UT WOS:000318665800002
ER
PT J
AU Hume, SL
Jeerage, KM
AF Hume, Stephanie L.
Jeerage, Kavita M.
TI Surface chemistry and size influence the release of model therapeutic
nanoparticles from poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels
SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Drug delivery; Gold nanoparticles; Hydrogel; Quantum dots; Surface
functionalization
ID FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; QUANTUM
DOTS; IN-VIVO; POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES; TARGETED DELIVERY; GENE
DELIVERY; CANCER; VITRO; BIODISTRIBUTION
AB Nanoparticles have emerged as promising therapeutic and diagnostic tools, due to their unique physicochemical properties. The specific core and surface chemistries, as well as nanoparticle size, play critical roles in particle transport and interaction with biological tissue. Localized delivery of therapeutics from hydrogels is well established, but these systems generally release molecules with hydrodynamic radii less than similar to 5 nm. Here, model nanoparticles with biologically relevant surface chemistries and diameters between 10 and 35 nm are analyzed for their release from well-characterized hydrogels. Functionalized gold nanoparticles or quantum dots were encapsulated in three-dimensional poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with varying mesh size. Nanoparticle size, surface chemistry, and hydrogel mesh size all influenced the release of particles from the hydrogel matrix. Size influenced nanoparticle release as expected, with larger particles releasing at a slower rate. However, citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles were not released from hydrogels. Negatively charged carboxyl or positively charged amine-functionalized quantum dots were released from hydrogels at slower rates than neutrally charged PEGylated nanoparticles of similar size. Transmission electron microscopy images of gold nanoparticles embedded within hydrogel sections demonstrated uniform particle distribution and negligible aggregation, independent of surface chemistry. The nanoparticle-hydrogel interactions observed in this work will aid in the development of localized nanoparticle delivery systems.
C1 [Hume, Stephanie L.; Jeerage, Kavita M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jeerage, KM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jeerage@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Research Council (NRC); American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Roy Geiss for his assistance with TEM
imaging, Dr. Tom Giddings for his assistance with hydrogel sectioning,
and Dr. John Drexler for his assistance with ICP-MS. The authors also
thank the National Research Council (NRC) and the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act for a post-doctoral fellowship to SLH.
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 48
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1388-0764
J9 J NANOPART RES
JI J. Nanopart. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 15
IS 5
AR 1635
DI 10.1007/s11051-013-1635-0
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 139BC
UT WOS:000318555400040
ER
PT J
AU Pierson, JJ
Batchelder, H
Saumweber, W
Leising, A
Runge, J
AF Pierson, James J.
Batchelder, Harold
Saumweber, Whitley
Leising, Andrew
Runge, Jeffrey
TI The impact of increasing temperatures on dormancy duration in Calanus
finmarchicus
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Calanus finmarchicus; life history; dormancy; climate
ID MARINE PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; MACKEREL SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS; HERRING
CLUPEA-HARENGUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORWEGIAN SEA; LIFE-HISTORY;
DEVELOPMENT RATES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; GEORGES-BANK; GLOBAL RATES
AB Dormancy is a key life history trait of planktonic calanoid copepods in the genus Calanus. Empirical evidence suggests that duration of dormancy is controlled by ambient temperature driving lipid metabolism in individuals. Here, we use the temperature-dependent metabolic rates of overwintering individuals to show that increasing temperatures, associated with global climate change over the next several decades, may reduce dormancy duration for the north Atlantic species C. finmarchicus by up to 40 days. Our calculations are based on comparing predicted dormancy duration for individuals of a given size at specific temperatures to dormancy duration at warmer temperatures and smaller size. We also provide corrections to the relationship of dormancy duration described by Saumweber and Durbin [Estimating potential diapause duration in Calanus finmarchicus. Deep Sea Res. Pt. II., 53, 25972617.]. Our calculations indicate that changing temperatures in the sea may lead to phenological shifts in life histories of C. finmarchicus and congeners, which may have implications for planktonic food web and trophic dynamics.
C1 [Pierson, James J.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
[Batchelder, Harold] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Saumweber, Whitley] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Leising, Andrew] NOAA, SWFSC, ERD, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Runge, Jeffrey] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA.
RP Pierson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
EM jpierson@umces.edu
FU National Science Foundation [0815456, 0815336, 0816358]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (0815456 to
J.P., 0815336 to J.R., 0816358 to H.B.). This is GLOBEC contribution
number 724 and UMCES contribution number 4740.
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 45
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2013
VL 35
IS 3
BP 504
EP 512
DI 10.1093/plankt/fbt022
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 139HQ
UT WOS:000318573100004
ER
PT J
AU Au, WWL
Giorli, G
Chen, J
Copeland, A
Lammers, M
Richlen, M
Jarvis, S
Morrissey, R
Moretti, D
Klinck, H
AF Au, Whitlow W. L.
Giorli, Giacomo
Chen, Jessica
Copeland, Adrienne
Lammers, Marc
Richlen, Michael
Jarvis, Susan
Morrissey, Ronald
Moretti, David
Klinck, Holger
TI Nighttime foraging by deep diving echolocating odontocetes off the
Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Ni'ihau as determined by passive acoustic
monitors
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID FINNED PILOT WHALES; BEAKED-WHALES; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; TEMPORAL
PATTERNS; RISSOS DOLPHIN; CROSS-SEAMOUNT; CLICKS; BEHAVIOR; SIGNALS;
SOUND
AB Remote autonomous ecological acoustic recorders (EARs) were deployed in deep waters at five locations around the island of Kauai and one in waters off Ni'ihau in the main Hawaiian island chain. The EARs were moored to the bottom at depths between 400 and 800 m. The data acquisition sampling rate was 80 kHz and acoustic signals were recorded for 30 s every 5 min to conserve battery power and disk space. The acoustic data were analyzed with the M3R (Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges) software, an energy-ratio-mapping algorithm developed at Oregon State University and custom MATLAB programs. A variety of deep diving odontocetes, including pilot whales, Risso's dolphins, sperm whales, spinner and pan-tropical spotted dolphins, and beaked whales were detected at all sites. Foraging activity typically began to increase after dusk, peaked in the middle of the night and began to decrease toward dawn. Between 70% and 84% of biosonar clicks were detected at night. At present it is not clear why some of the known deep diving species, such as sperm whales and beaked whales, concentrate their foraging efforts at night. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America.
C1 [Au, Whitlow W. L.; Giorli, Giacomo; Chen, Jessica; Copeland, Adrienne; Lammers, Marc; Richlen, Michael] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
[Jarvis, Susan; Morrissey, Ronald; Moretti, David] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA.
[Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Klinck, Holger] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Au, WWL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA.
EM wau@hawaii.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0903, N000141210271,
N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, N00014-08-1-1198]; Naval
Postgraduate School [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079,
N00244-10-1-0047]
FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research grants
N00014-08-1-0903 and N000141210271 to W.A. (Michael Weise, program
manager). H.K. was supported by Naval Postgraduate School grants
N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047 (Robert Gisiner
and Frank Stone, program managers), and Office of Naval Research grants
N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, and N00014-08-1-1198 (Michael Weise,
program manager). This is HIMB contribution# 1547 and SOEST
contribution# 8908.
NR 39
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 45
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
EI 1520-8524
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 133
IS 5
BP 3119
EP 3127
DI 10.1121/1.4798360
PN 1
PG 9
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 139BH
UT WOS:000318555900070
PM 23654414
ER
PT J
AU Dye, J
Bost, P
Secoura, P
Reiner, J
Zweigenbaum, J
Lindstrom, A
Strynar, M
AF Dye, J.
Bost, P.
Secoura, P.
Reiner, J.
Zweigenbaum, J.
Lindstrom, A.
Strynar, M.
TI PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS (PFCS) IN SERUM OF CATS - LINKAGE TO INDOOR
EXPOSURES
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Dye, J.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
[Dye, J.; Secoura, P.] N Carolina State Univ, Vet Teaching Hosp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Bost, P.; Lindstrom, A.; Strynar, M.] US EPA, ORD, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
[Reiner, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zweigenbaum, J.] Agilent Technol, Wilmington, DE USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0891-6640
J9 J VET INTERN MED
JI J. Vet. Intern. Med.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2013
VL 27
IS 3
BP 692
EP 692
PG 1
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 140MO
UT WOS:000318658400243
ER
PT J
AU Li, RB
Deng, L
Hagley, EW
Payne, MG
Bienfang, JC
Levine, ZH
AF Li, R. B.
Deng, L.
Hagley, E. W.
Payne, M. G.
Bienfang, J. C.
Levine, Z. H.
TI Fast, optically controlled Kerr phase shifter for digital signal
processing
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY
AB We demonstrate an optically controlled Kerr phase shifter using a room-temperature Rb-85 vapor operating in a Raman gain scheme. Phase shifts from zero to pi relative to an unshifted reference wave are observed, and gated operations are demonstrated. We further demonstrate the versatile digital manipulation of encoded signal light with an encoded phase-control light field using an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Generalizations of this scheme should be capable of full manipulation of a digitized signal field at high speed, opening the door to future applications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
C1 [Li, R. B.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.; Bienfang, J. C.; Levine, Z. H.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
[Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
[Payne, M. G.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lu.deng@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 14
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 9
BP 1373
EP 1375
DI 10.1364/OL.38.001373
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 137HF
UT WOS:000318425600004
PM 23632488
ER
PT J
AU Kochendorfer, J
Meyers, TP
Frank, JM
Massman, WJ
Heuer, MW
AF Kochendorfer, John
Meyers, Tilden P.
Frank, John M.
Massman, William J.
Heuer, Mark W.
TI Reply to the Comment by Mauder on "How Well Can We Measure the Vertical
Wind Speed? Implications for Fluxes of Energy and Mass"
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Angle-of-attack error; Cosine error; Eddy covariance; Energy balance
closure; Sonic anemometer; Transducer shadowing
ID ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; SONIC ANEMOMETER; ERRORS
AB In Kochendorfer et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 145:383-398, 2012, hereafter K2012) the vertical wind speed measured by a non-orthogonal three-dimensional sonic anemometer was shown to be underestimated by 12 %. Turbulent statistics and eddy-covariance fluxes estimated using were also affected by this underestimate in . Methodologies used in K2012 are clarified here in response to Mauder's comment. In addition, further analysis of the K2012 study is presented to help address questions raised in the comment. Specific responses are accompanied with examples of time series, calculated correlation coefficients, and additional explanation of the K2012 methods and assumptions. The discussion and analysis included in the comment and in this response do not affect the validity of the methods or conclusions presented in K2012.
C1 [Kochendorfer, John; Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Frank, John M.; Massman, William J.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Kochendorfer, J (reprint author), NOAA Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
EM john.kochendorfer@noaa.gov
RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016
OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460;
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 147
IS 2
BP 337
EP 345
DI 10.1007/s10546-012-9792-8
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 138MF
UT WOS:000318512000009
ER
PT J
AU Lieske, JC
Bondar, O
Miller, WG
Bachmann, LM
Narva, AS
Itoh, Y
Zegers, I
Schimmel, H
Phinney, K
Bunk, DM
AF Lieske, John C.
Bondar, Olga
Miller, W. Greg
Bachmann, Lorin M.
Narva, Andrew S.
Itoh, Yoshihisa
Zegers, Ingrid
Schimmel, Heinz
Phinney, Karen
Bunk, David M.
CA Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program-IFCC
TI A reference system for urinary albumin: current status
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE chronic kidney disease; microalbumin; reference material; reference
method; urine albumin
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM-ALBUMIN; STANDARDIZATION; QUANTIFICATION
AB Background: Increased urinary excretion of albumin reflects kidney damage and is a recognized risk factor for progression of renal and cardiovascular disease. Considerable inter-method differences have been reported for both albumin and creatinine measurement results, and therefore the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Measurement accuracy is unknown and there are no independent reference measurement procedures for albumin and no reference materials for either measurand in urine.
Methods: The National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) Laboratory Working Group and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) have initiated joint projects to facilitate standardization of urinary albumin and creatinine measurement.
Results: A candidate LC-MS/MS reference measurement procedure for urinary albumin and candidate reference materials for urinary albumin and creatinine has been developed. The status of validations of these reference system components is reported.
Conclusions: The development of certified reference materials and reference measurement procedures for urinary albumin will enable standardization of this important measurand.
C1 [Lieske, John C.; Bondar, Olga] Mayo Clin, Renal Funct Lab, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Div Nephrol & Hypertens,Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
[Miller, W. Greg; Bachmann, Lorin M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA USA.
[Narva, Andrew S.] Natl Inst Diabet & Digest Dis, Natl Kidney Dis Educ Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Itoh, Yoshihisa] Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Lab Med, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan.
[Zegers, Ingrid; Schimmel, Heinz] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IRMM, Geel, Belgium.
[Phinney, Karen; Bunk, David M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lieske, JC (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Renal Funct Lab, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Div Nephrol & Hypertens,Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
EM Lieske.John@mayo.edu
NR 12
TC 14
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 10
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1434-6621
J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED
JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 51
IS 5
BP 981
EP 989
DI 10.1515/cclm-2012-0768
PG 9
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 138GB
UT WOS:000318495900020
PM 23241608
ER
PT J
AU Pan, M
Santangelo, TJ
Cubonova, L
Li, Z
Metangmo, H
Ladner, J
Hurwitz, J
Reeve, JN
Kelman, Z
AF Pan, Miao
Santangelo, Thomas J.
Cubonova, Lubomira
Li, Zhuo
Metangmo, Harlette
Ladner, Jane
Hurwitz, Jerard
Reeve, John N.
Kelman, Zvi
TI Thermococcus kodakarensis has two functional PCNA homologs but only one
is required for viability
SO EXTREMOPHILES
LA English
DT Article
DE Archaea; DNA replication; Genetics; PCNA; Structure; Thermococcus
kodakarensis
ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGENS; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; DNA-REPLICATION;
SLIDING CLAMPS; KODAKARAENSIS; COMPLEX; PROTEINS; LOADER; GENOME; LIFE
AB Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monomers assemble to form a ring-shaped clamp complex that encircles duplex DNA. PCNA binding to other proteins tethers them to the DNA providing contacts and interactions for many other enzymes essential for DNA metabolic processes. Most eukarya and euryarchaea have only one PCNA homolog but Thermococcus kodakarensis uniquely has two, designated PCNA1 and PCNA2, encoded by TK0535 and TK0582, respectively. Here, we establish that both PCNA1 and PCNA2 form homotrimers that stimulate DNA synthesis by archaeal DNA polymerases B and D and ATP hydrolysis by the replication factor C complex. In exponentially growing cells, PCNA1 is abundant and present at an similar to 100-fold higher concentration than PCNA2 monomers. Deletion of TK0582 (PCNA2) had no detectable effects on viability or growth whereas repeated attempts to construct a T. kodakarensis strain with TK0535 (PCNA1) deleted were unsuccessful. The implications of these observations for PCNA1 function and the origin of the two PCNA-encoding genes in T. kodakarensis are discussed.
C1 [Pan, Miao; Li, Zhuo; Metangmo, Harlette; Ladner, Jane; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Santangelo, Thomas J.; Cubonova, Lubomira; Reeve, John N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Ladner, Jane; Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Hurwitz, Jerard] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA.
RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM zkelman@umd.edu
FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646]; National Institutes of Health
[GM073336, GM53185, GH034559]
FX This work was supported by grant MCB-0815646 from National Science
Foundation to ZK, and grants GM073336 to TJS, GM53185 to JNR and TJS and
GH034559 to JH from the National Institutes of Health. Certain
commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this
paper to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible.
In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor
does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified
are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK
PI TOKYO
PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065,
JAPAN
SN 1431-0651
J9 EXTREMOPHILES
JI Extremophiles
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 17
IS 3
BP 453
EP 461
DI 10.1007/s00792-013-0526-8
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
GA 133VW
UT WOS:000318169900009
PM 23525944
ER
PT J
AU Hickey, BM
Trainer, VL
Kosro, PM
Adams, NG
Connolly, TP
Kachel, NB
Geier, SL
AF Hickey, Barbara M.
Trainer, Vera L.
Kosro, P. Michael
Adams, Nicolaus G.
Connolly, Thomas P.
Kachel, Nancy B.
Geier, Susan L.
TI A springtime source of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia cells on razor clam
beaches in the Pacific Northwest
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Coastal currents; Domoic acid; HAB; Heceta Bank; Juan de Fuca eddy;
Pseudo-nitzschia
ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; DE-FUCA EDDY; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; WASHINGTON
COAST; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VANCOUVER ISLAND; OREGON SHELF; OCEAN;
VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION
AB Concentrations of domoic acid (DA) above the regulatory limit in Washington coast razor clams are usually higher on northern beaches from summer to fall. Recent field studies have confirmed that the primary source of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia (PN) cells in those seasons is a semi-retentive topographically trapped seasonal eddy located offshore and north of the clamming beaches. Another semi-retentive coastal feature, Heceta Bank, that has been shown to support toxic PN cells in summer, is located south of Washington's clamming beaches. In this paper we present evidence to demonstrate that Heceta Bank, although not a likely source of toxic cells to Washington in summer due to the prevailing southward seasonal currents, may be a source of cells in springtime before the southward currents develop. In contrast to summer and fall seasons, concentrations of DA in razor clams are typically higher at southern beaches in spring. The likelihood of a southern source is explored using biological and transport data surrounding a period of toxic razor clams in April 2005. In particular, satellite-derived chlorophyll data confirm that a bloom occurred over Heceta Bank in March of that year, just prior to a period of strong storm-driven northward transport. PN cells of the same species observed in the April bloom on Washington beaches and in offshore waters were documented in Oregon offshore waters on the northern edge of Heceta Bank. That species, P. australis, has been shown to be highly toxic in this region; shore-based data show that razor clams on Oregon beaches were also toxic at the time when P. australis was observed offshore. Both measured and modeled currents show that transport was more than sufficient to move cells from the vicinity of Heceta Bank, Oregon to southern Washington beaches by the time the toxic cells were observed on those beaches. The rapid transport was due in part to the presence of the buoyant plume from the Columbia River, a common feature in winter and spring in nearshore waters of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hickey, Barbara M.; Kachel, Nancy B.; Geier, Susan L.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Trainer, Vera L.; Adams, Nicolaus G.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Kosro, P. Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Connolly, Thomas P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Hickey, BM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM bhickey@u.washington.edu; Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov;
kosro@coas.oregonstate.edu; Nicolaus.Adams@noaa.gov; tconnolly@whoi.edu;
nkachel@ocean.washington.edu; sgeier@u.washington.edu
RI Connolly, Thomas/N-1367-2013;
OI Connolly, Thomas/0000-0002-2159-5918; Kosro, P.
Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558
FU UW PRISM program; PNWTOX program; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)
[OCE-0234587]; Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) of
the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the
ORHAB program; Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) of
the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the
ECOHAB PNW program [NA07OA0310, NA17OP2789]; PNWTOX program
[OCE-0942675, NA09NOS4780180]; GLOBEC program [OCE-0001034, NA17RJ1232,
OCE-0000733, OCE-0000734]; NOAA CSCOR through ORHAB; NOAA CSCOR through
ECOHAB PNW; River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) study
[OCE-0237710]; NOAA NANOOS [NA11NOS0120036]
FX We would like to thank Jim Postel, who organized the April 2005 ORHAB
cruise, Keri Baugh and Shelly Nance who processed the pDA samples, Brian
Bill, who analyzed net tow data for species composition, Riley Linder
who calculated geostrophic velocities, Anne Dorkins and Walt Waldorf who
were responsible for maintaining the HF surface current measurement
network, and Parker MacCready, who provided the model results of the
Columbia River plume. Raphe Kudela graciously prepared the MODIS image
for 2005 and Bill Peterson generously provided the PN cell count data
from NH-5. We thank Anthony Odell, Jonnette Bastian and Alan Sarich of
the ORHAB program for determining PN abundance on Washington coastal
beaches. We acknowledge the Washington State Department of Health and
the Oregon Department of Agriculture for razor clam DA data in
Washington and Oregon, respectively. Model results provided by the
MoSSea modeling framework were funded primarily by the UW PRISM program
and the PNWTOX program. This research was supported by grants to B.
Hickey from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (OCE-0234587) and
from the Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) of the
National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the ORHAB
and ECOHAB PNW programs (NA07OA0310 and NA17OP2789), the PNWTOX program
(OCE-0942675 and NA09NOS4780180), and the GLOBEC program (OCE-0001034
and NA17RJ1232). Dr. Trainer and Mr. Adams were supported by NOAA CSCOR
through ORHAB and ECOHAB PNW. Moored current data was obtained with
grant OCE-0000733 to M. Kosro under the GLOBEC program. Surface current
mapping and analysis were supported by grant OCE-0000734 to M. Kosro
under the GLOBEC program, OCE-0237710 under the River Influences on
Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) study, and NOAA NANOOS NA11NOS0120036. This is
contribution 595, 29, 1 and 725 of the ECOHAB, ECOHAB PNW, PNWTOX and
GLOBEC programs, respectively. The statements, findings, conclusions,
and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the views of NSF, NOAA or the Department of Commerce. [SS]
NR 66
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 25
BP 1
EP 14
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.01.006
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 137UO
UT WOS:000318463900001
ER
PT J
AU Dusek, G
Seim, H
AF Dusek, G.
Seim, H.
TI Rip Current Intensity Estimates from Lifeguard Observations
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Beach; lifeguards; rescues; Outer Banks; natural hazards
ID CURRENT SYSTEM; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; NEARSHORE; MORPHOLOGY; SPECTRA;
BEACH; PITCH
AB Lifeguard observations of rip intensity are utilized as an alternative to rip current rescue data to determine the influence of the wave field on rip current activity. Daily rip current intensity observations were made by Kill Devil Hills Ocean Rescue on the Outer Banks of North Carolina over two summers. The daily observations were made at up to 19 alongshore locations over 7.5 km of beach and compared to local wave field observations. The lifeguard intensity observations compare favorably to rip current rescue data when rescues occur; however, rip intensity observations offer significant advantages over rip rescue data: (1) Rip current intensity observations are a continuous data record and provide data even when bathers are not present, and (2) lifeguard observations provide an estimate of rip current intensity, while rescue data only indicate rip current occurrence. Results of this study generally compare favorably to previous research and to expected rip current dynamics Rip intensity is compared to observed wave spectral statistics (significant wave height, mean direction, peak period, and directional spread) at 12-m depth and to wave height and direction refracted and shoaled to just outside the surf zone to provide a more dynamically relevant comparison. Rip intensity increases with significant wave height (at a threshold value of 0.7 in), wave directions closer to shore normal, and narrower directional spread. The results suggest that wave height determines a baseline intensity level, which is then modulated depending on the direction and spread. No relationship was found between rip intensity and peak period. Rip intensity is analyzed with wave spectral components (wind sea, swell, and multiple swells) and generally yields similar results to the analysis of the bulk spectral measurements.
C1 [Dusek, G.; Seim, H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Dusek, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4 7232, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM gregory.dusek@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Ocean
Observing System grant [NA07NOS4730212]; U.S. Department of Homeland
Security [2008-ST-061-ND 0001]; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers grant
[W912BU-9-P-0236]
FX G.D. was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Integrated Ocean Observing System grant NA07NOS4730212. This material is
based in part upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security under award 2008-ST-061-ND 0001. The views and conclusions
contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be
interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, expressed
or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Swath
bathymetry data were provided by the Field Research Facility, Field Data
Collections and Analysis Branch, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Duck,
North Carolina. Fieldwork performed at KDH was supported by U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers grant W912BU-9-P-0236. In addition, the fieldwork
performed for this research could not have been possible without support
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility, KDH Ocean
Rescue in particular David Elder-and the University of North Carolina
Coastal Studies Institute. We thank Dr. Rick Luettich, Dr. Jeffrey
Hanson, Dr. George Voulgaris, Dr. Antonio Rodriguez, and Chris
Paternostro for their constructive comments and feedback. We also thank
three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 18
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 29
IS 3
BP 505
EP 518
DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00117.1
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 137SI
UT WOS:000318457300002
ER
PT J
AU Doron, M
Brasseur, P
Brankart, JM
Losa, SN
Melet, A
AF Doron, Maeva
Brasseur, Pierre
Brankart, Jean-Michel
Losa, Svetlana N.
Melet, Angelique
TI Stochastic estimation of biogeochemical parameters from Globcolour ocean
colour satellite data in a North Atlantic 3D ocean coupled
physical-biogeochemical model
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean model; North Atlantic; Parameter
estimation; Stochastic method; Kalman filter; Anamorphosis; Satellite
ocean colour data; Globcolour; SeaWiFS
ID LOCAL SEIK FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; SEAWIFS DATA;
BIOLOGICAL MODEL; GAUSSIAN ANAMORPHOSIS; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; CHLOROPHYLL
DATA; TIME-SERIES; DYNAMICS
AB Biogeochemical parameters remain a major source of uncertainty in coupled physical-biogeochemical models of the ocean. In a previous study (Doron et al., 2011), a stochastic estimation method was developed to estimate a subset of biogeochemical model parameters from surface phytoplankton observations. The concept was tested in the context of idealised twin experiments performed with a 1/4 resolution model of the North Atlantic ocean. The method was based on ensemble simulations describing the model response to parameter uncertainty. The statistical estimation process relies on nonlinear transformations of the estimated space to cope with the non-Gaussian behaviour of the resulting joint probability distribution of the model state variables and parameters. In the present study, the same method is applied to real ocean colour observations, as delivered by the sensors SeaWiFS, MERIS and MODIS embarked on the satellites OrbView-2, Envisat and Aqua respectively. The main outcome of the present experiments is a set of regionalised biogeochemical parameters. The benefit is quantitatively assessed with an objective norm of the misfits, which automatically adapts to the different ecological regions. The chlorophyll concentration simulated by the model with this set of optimally derived parameters is closer to the observations than the reference simulation using uniform values of the parameters. In addition, the interannual and seasonal robustness of the estimated parameters is tested by repeating the same analysis using ocean colour observations from several months and several years. The results show the overall consistency of the ensemble of estimated parameters, which are also compared to the results of an independent study. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Doron, Maeva; Brasseur, Pierre; Brankart, Jean-Michel] UJF Grenoble I, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
[Losa, Svetlana N.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Melet, Angelique] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Brasseur, P (reprint author), UJF Grenoble I, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
EM pierre.brasseur@legi.grenoble-inp.fr
FU ESA(ESA/ESRIN contract network) [22408/09/I-EC]; CNES; European
Commission [FP7-SPACE-2011-1-CT-283367-MYOCEAN2]; GENCI-IDRIS
[2010-011279]
FX We are thankful to two anonymous reviewers for the many helpful comments
on the manuscript. This work was supported by the ESA-funded ASSOCO
project (ESA/ESRIN contract network 22408/09/I-EC) in the framework of
the Changing Earth Science Network. Partial support of CNES and the
European Commission under grant agreement
FP7-SPACE-2011-1-CT-283367-MYOCEAN2 is gratefully acknowledged.
Calculations were performed using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (grant
2010-011279).
NR 44
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-7963
J9 J MARINE SYST
JI J. Mar. Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 117
BP 81
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.02.007
PG 15
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 135CO
UT WOS:000318263800008
ER
PT J
AU Beavan, SE
Goldschmidt, EA
Sellars, MJ
AF Beavan, Sarah E.
Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A.
Sellars, Matthew J.
TI Demonstration of a dynamic bandpass frequency filter in a rare-earth
ion-doped crystal
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATION
AB In this paper we propose and demonstrate a dynamic, narrow-bandpass frequency filter. This is generated in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal using a combination of spectral hole burning and Stark shifting. This filter can toggle within one microsecond between absorption and transmission, with similar to 60 dB difference in attenuation, in two separate 1 MHz wide spectral regions. The filter demonstrated here is specifically designed as a component in a rare-earth ion-based quantum repeater protocol. However, this is a general technique that could also be applied for amplitude or phase modulation, or switching between more complicated spectral profiles. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
C1 [Beavan, Sarah E.; Sellars, Matthew J.] Australian Natl Univ, RSPE, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Beavan, SE (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, RSPE, Ctr Quantum Computat & Commun Technol, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
EM sarah@beavan.com.au
RI Sellars, Matthew/J-3130-2014;
OI Sellars, Matthew/0000-0002-0502-0444; Goldschmidt,
Elizabeth/0000-0002-6553-9731
FU Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation
and Communication Technology [CE110001027]
FX We thank M. Hedges for useful discussions. SEB and MJS acknowledge the
support of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for
Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Project No.
CE110001027).
NR 18
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 5
BP 1173
EP 1177
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001173
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 138DE
UT WOS:000318488000013
ER
PT J
AU Roumpos, G
Cundiff, ST
AF Roumpos, Georgios
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Multichannel homodyne detection for quantum optical tomography
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZATION DYNAMICS; DENSITY-MATRIX; LASER; NOISE; MICROCAVITY;
RADIATION; COHERENCE; STATES; LIGHT; PULSE
AB We present a multichannel optical homodyne detection setup suitable for measurements of quantum light statistics with ultrafast time resolution. We employ the setup to measure light statistics of diode lasers driven by both a direct and a pulsed current source. In particular, we measure the time-resolved second-order correlation function g((2)) and photon number distribution. Our results provide information about the dynamics of the lasing transition. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197
FU National Science Foundation
FX We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation.
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 11
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0740-3224
EI 1520-8540
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 30
IS 5
BP 1303
EP 1316
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001303
PG 14
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 138DE
UT WOS:000318488000033
ER
PT J
AU Chittaro, PM
Zabel, RW
Palsson, W
Grandin, C
AF Chittaro, Paul M.
Zabel, Richard W.
Palsson, Wayne
Grandin, Chris
TI Population interconnectivity and implications for recovery of a species
of concern, the Pacific hake of Georgia Basin
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPOT LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; STOCK FISHERY COMPOSITION; FRASER-RIVER
DISCHARGE; EARLY LIFE-HISTORY; CORAL-REEF FISH; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS;
OTOLITH CHEMISTRY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE FISH; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS
AB To aid the recovery of a species, understanding the extent to which populations are connected is useful for targeting conservation efforts. Pacific hake within waters of Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, and Georgia Strait, British Columbia, Canada are listed as a species of concern under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to dramatic declines in the Puget Sound population. To assess the role of dispersal in the recovery of Pacific hake, we sought to quantify patterns of connectivity between populations in Puget Sound and Georgia Strait. Using natural chemical markers from otoliths of fish sampled from these two populations, we linked natal signatures of fish to signatures of individuals from known spawning grounds. Results indicated that 82 % of individuals collected from Puget Sound (n = 78) were estimated to have originated there, while 40 and 92 % of the individuals collected from two cohorts within Georgia Strait (n = 9 and 24, respectively) had originated from Puget Sound. A trend of "population abandonment" of fish from Puget Sound suggests that recovery of this Pacific hake population will depend on local management practices.
C1 [Chittaro, Paul M.; Zabel, Richard W.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Palsson, Wayne] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Grandin, Chris] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Marine Ecosyst & Aquaculture Div, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM paul.chittaro@noaa.gov
FU Species of Concern Grant
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers, J. Samhouri, K. Andrews, and B. Burke
for their constructive comments, C. Knaack for lab support, and
researchers at WDFW and DFO for their hard work in obtaining and
maintaining these samples. This study was supported by a Species of
Concern Grant.
NR 87
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 160
IS 5
BP 1157
EP 1170
DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2168-x
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 131OL
UT WOS:000318002900011
ER
PT J
AU Blake, ES
Kimberlain, TB
AF Blake, Eric S.
Kimberlain, Todd B.
TI Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2011
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; KELVIN WAVES; CYCLOGENESIS; OSCILLATION;
FORECASTS; WIND
AB Overall activity during the 2011 eastern North Pacific hurricane season was near average. Of the 11 tropical storms that formed, 10 became hurricanes and 6 reached major hurricane strength (category 3 or stronger on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale). For comparison, the 1981-2010 averages are about 15 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. Interestingly, although the number of named storms was below average, the numbers of hurricanes and major hurricanes were above average. The 2011 season had the most hurricanes since 2006 and the most major hurricanes since 1998. Two hurricanes affected the southwestern coast of Mexico (Beatriz as a category 1 hurricane and Jova as a category 2 hurricane), and the season's tropical cyclones caused about 49 deaths. On average, the National Hurricane Center track forecasts in the eastern North Pacific for 2011 were very skillful.
C1 [Blake, Eric S.; Kimberlain, Todd B.] NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
RP Blake, ES (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM eric.s.blake@noaa.gov
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 5
BP 1397
EP 1412
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00192.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 137SW
UT WOS:000318458700001
ER
PT J
AU Makowski, JA
MacGorman, DR
Biggerstaff, MI
Beasley, WH
AF Makowski, Jeffrey A.
MacGorman, Donald R.
Biggerstaff, Michael I.
Beasley, William H.
TI Total Lightning Characteristics Relative to Radar and Satellite
Observations of Oklahoma Mesoscale Convective Systems
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; PART II;
STORM; STEPS; COMPLEXES; EVOLUTION; LOCATION; POLARITY
AB The advent of regional very high frequency (VHF) Lightning Mapping Arrays (LMAs) makes it possible to begin analyzing trends in total lightning characteristics in ensembles of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Flash initiations observed by the Oklahoma LMA and ground strikes observed by the National Lightning Detection Network were surveyed relative to infrared satellite and base-scan radar reflectivity imagery for 30 mesoscale convective systems occurring over a 7-yr period. Total lightning data were available for only part of the life cycle of most MCSs, but well-defined peaks in flash rates were usually observed for MCSs having longer periods of data. The mean of the maximum 10-min flash rates for the ensemble of MCSs was 203 min(-1) for total flashes and 41 min(-1) for cloud-to-ground flashes (CGs). In total, 21% of flashes were CGs and 13% of CGs lowered positive charge to ground. MCSs with the largest maximum flash rates entered Oklahoma in the evening before midnight. All three MCSs entering Oklahoma in early morning after sunrise had among the smallest maximum flash rates. Flash initiations were concentrated in or near regions of larger reflectivity and colder cloud tops. The CG flash rates and total flash rates frequently evolved similarly, although the fraction of flashes striking ground usually increased as an MCS decayed. Total flash rates tended to peak approximately 90 min before the maximum area of the -52 degrees C cloud shield, but closer in time to the maximum area of colder cloud shields. MCSs whose -52 degrees C cloud shield grew faster tended to have larger flash rates.
C1 [Makowski, Jeffrey A.; Biggerstaff, Michael I.; Beasley, William H.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Makowski, Jeffrey A.; MacGorman, Donald R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Makowski, Jeffrey A.; MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP MacGorman, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM don.macgorman@noaa.gov
OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) EPSCoR
[NNX07AV48A]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0924621]; NOAA/Office of
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S.
Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]
FX Support for this project was provided by National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) EPSCoR Grant NNX07AV48A and by National Science
Foundation Grant ATM-0924621. Funding also was provided by the
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of
Commerce. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations
expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, NOAA, the
University of Oklahoma, or NASA.
NR 56
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 141
IS 5
BP 1593
EP 1611
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00268.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 137SW
UT WOS:000318458700012
ER
EF